architecture

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the role of visiting students in architecture, from the perspective of architecture professors (Theory-history, workshop and technical theory courses)
Nejabat Piran Mohammad Parva

The change from the traditional method of teacher-student to studying in universities academically has caused the need to leave the studio and classroom space, in which visiting and attending in real space is considered as a classroom for teaching to Using direct visits More

The change from the traditional method of teacher-student to studying in universities academically has caused the need to leave the studio and classroom space, in which visiting and attending in real space is considered as a classroom for teaching to Using direct visits and experience, a visual understanding of many concepts can be created more easily and correctly for students. However, considering that the field of architecture is one of the courses with different branches, the need to identify the influential factors for a better visit according to each course is very important. Therefore, in this article, we have tried to examine the role of visiting for courses in three branches of theory-history and workshop and technical theory from the point of view of professors in the form of a questionnaire to examine the importance of the role of visiting for better understanding of students. It is an analytical and descriptive study. The research data were provided to 25 professors under the title of questionnaire and the research was used as the basis of SPSS software and data analysis. The results indicate the importance of visiting professors for workshop courses more than other courses. Also, attending workshop courses requires more class control and is more attractive for professors and students, and ultimately causes students to interact and be interested. The amount of fatigue caused by visiting as a negative component in theory-technical courses is more than other courses, so professors should pay attention to this when visiting in this branch to make the visit more effective and useful Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Role of Psychological Environment of Educational Spaces in the Self-esteem of Adolescents (Case Study: Shiraz Secondary School for Girls)
Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh هادی کشمیری Hamid saghapour

Paying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boy More

Paying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boys and in the future they will also play the role of mothers in the family, it is very important to pay attention to their mental and psychological characteristics. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of environmental psychology of educational spaces in the self-esteem of adolescent girls and also to determine the more effective features of environmental psychology in the self-esteem of this group of society. The independent variables of the research were the psychology of the school environment and its components, and the dependent variable of the research was the students' self-esteem. The research method used is relational correlation which was done with library studies and survey method. Available books, articles and documents, personal observation, interviews, Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire, and the researcher's questionnaire of environmental psychology have been research tools. After the studies, the environmental psychology questionnaire was created by the researcher, adjusted and according to Cochran's formula, it was randomly completed by 382 students from second secondary girls' schools in Shiraz city, who were selected by targeted non-probability sampling method. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed with SPSS software to achieve the objectives of the research. The findings have shown that school architecture can influence the self-esteem of female adolescent students through the science of environmental psychology, and the correlation coefficient between the physical and spatial component of environmental psychology with adolescent self-esteem is higher than the correlation coefficient between the functional component of environmental psychology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Analyzing cultural and identity factors in urban planning and Architecture Pahlavi Era (Case study: Ahvaz City)
Dr. Ahmad Reza Kaboli

The culture of a land is deeply influential on urban planning and architecture and clearly retention of basic cultural and artistic factors in buildings has left special effectiveness. Westernism, in the urban planning and architecture of the pahlavi Era is evidently ou More

The culture of a land is deeply influential on urban planning and architecture and clearly retention of basic cultural and artistic factors in buildings has left special effectiveness. Westernism, in the urban planning and architecture of the pahlavi Era is evidently outstanding as far as many changes in the plan forms are witnesses in this period. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and a survey study in terms of research methodology based on a questionnaire. The main aim of the research is to evaluate the relationship between cultural factors (in terms of façade and plan) in urban planning and architecture within the ahvaz city specially focusing on three icon buildings created in pahlavi period: triangular college building, silo building and the swan hotel building with an architecture related to the european modernism period. The research data are collected using a questionnaire while the cronbach’s method has been used for evaluating the reliability of this research instrument. We followed the snowball technique to determine the number and type of samples(41 experts). The data were analyzed using the Spss software and kolmogorov-smirnov (KS) test and the sign test. The results of KS test suggest that the significance level is below 0.05 in all cases; therefore, the data normality test is rejected. Also based on the Sign test, the value of 1.739 at the significance level of 0.082 for the “façade index” and the value of 1.562 at the significance levels of 0.118 for the “plan index” have not been significant for those three buildings. Both indices ,façade and plan, have been equally used when compared to the architecture of European modernism period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Assessment learning style of architecthure students of Technical and vocational school of girls in Shiraz
farkhondeh rafiee

Learning style refers to the differences in people's preference for ways of receiving, organizing and processing information in learning new concepts.Understanding students is one of the most important and effective factors in architectural education.The technical and v More

Learning style refers to the differences in people's preference for ways of receiving, organizing and processing information in learning new concepts.Understanding students is one of the most important and effective factors in architectural education.The technical and vocational university, with skill-based training, seeks to foster skilled workers for post-graduate employment.Therefore, it is important to be aware of the students' learning style in order to teach and guide them.This article attempts to identify the dominant learning style of architecture students based on David Kolb's learning style, which includes four divergent, convergent, adaptive and absorbing learning styles.The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 1398 on students of architecture of Shiraz Girls' Technical School who have completed at least one semester.The results show that students' dominant learning style is 42% divergent, 34% accommodator, 16% assimilator and 12% convergent, respectively.Given that architecture is a multidisciplinary field. Professors should try to identify and address students' weaknesses, and to incorporate the learning style learned in teaching. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating the interactive factors of construction technology on Zandiyeh architecture with the periods before and after
Maryam Haghpanah آذر زینلی خراجی

One of the best periods in the history of Shiraz is the rule of Zandiyeh. During this period of 46 years, Karim Khan Zand built buildings in Shiraz and other cities, which is called Zandiye architecture. Considering the historical nature of Zandiyeh buildings, this rese More

One of the best periods in the history of Shiraz is the rule of Zandiyeh. During this period of 46 years, Karim Khan Zand built buildings in Shiraz and other cities, which is called Zandiye architecture. Considering the historical nature of Zandiyeh buildings, this research analyzes the interactive factors affecting the stability of these buildings in a descriptive-analytical method after identifying the construction technology in this period. It has been tried to examine the construction methods unique to this period in comparison to the previous and subsequent periods. The method is based on the introduction of the four prominent buildings of the Zandiyeh period (Karim Khan Citadel, Vakil Mosque, Vakil Bath, and Vakil Bazaar), and the construction technology in these buildings will be the focus of attention. The study method in this research is a library with field visits. The results of the research show that th of the Karim Khan citadel, the taps and the type of use in the Vakil's bathroom are specific to Zandiyeh buildings, and the main materials used in Zandiyeh buildings are brick and stone. The stones used in the buildings were extracted from the mines of Fars province and the bricks were made and used in Lar city of Fars province. The dimensions of the bricks used in the architecture of Zandiyeh are 24 x 24 x 5 cm. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that the construction technology of Zandiyeh buildings is a continuation of the architectural style of the Safavid period, but it can be seen that some of the implementation methods are unique to the Zandiyeh period. One of the major differences between Zandiye architecture and Safavid and Qajar architecthe interactive factors of the differences in the attitude of the Safavid and the the clear-minde buildings of this period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigation and analysis of the formation of the Shiraz school in painting and its effectsThis school in the architecture of Shiraz city
Mohammad Varasteh ٍElham Dehghani

The Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and ar More

The Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and art of that period in every period of history, and the transformations that took place in other areas of life and art were proportional to it, therefore, dealing with the historical and artistic background of the city in a situation It seems necessary to improve the quality of contemporary architecture. One of the important features of the Shiraz school is stage design, creating a balance between text and image, book design, and the use of small engravings. The artists of this school represented all the elements of Iranian thought and belief in the text and general intellectual and cultural context of the Islamic society of their time. In this regard, in this research, the researcher has tried to know as much as possible the principles and aesthetic values of Shiraz painting art and examines how it affects the architecture of Shiraz city. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which examines the painting of Shiraz and its relationship with the architecture of Shiraz through content analysis, and library and field methods were used to collect its materials, and by studying documents, historical books, texts Literature and observation have been used. The results of this research indicate the existence of works and evidences of the Shiraz School in the architecture of the old buildings of this city, such as the Narenjestan Garden and the Atiq Mosque, the evidences that state that the three texts of architecture, literature and paintings are connected to each other and complement each other's meaning. they do. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Evaluation of the effects of the components of the behavior settings in increasing the creativity of the students of architecture schools in Shiraz, case study :(Shiraz Azad University, Shiraz Non-profit Institute of Art, Shiraz Eram Non-profit Institute)
sara jowkar Masoume Sazandeh

In the spaces of architecture schools as an educational space, architecture students and professors come together to carry out activities, education and design. Different spaces, including studios, are suitable places for interaction, communication and design training. More

In the spaces of architecture schools as an educational space, architecture students and professors come together to carry out activities, education and design. Different spaces, including studios, are suitable places for interaction, communication and design training. On the other hand, creativity is vital and necessary for architecture students. According to the components of behavioral training, it can increase or decrease creativity in architecture students. In this research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of behavioral camps in increasing the creativity of architecture students, three schools of architecture in Shiraz were selected as a case study. Among the case examples are Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Eram Shiraz Non-profit Institute and Shiraz Art Non-profit Institute. In the current research, information has been collected by relying on documentary and library studies. Then the components extracted from these studies have been examined. The statistical population of this research is architecture students of these faculties and the sample size is 120 students using Cochran's formula. The results of the questionnaire have been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the research show that the component of holding classes in the open space has the greatest effect on increasing creativity in the eyes of students. After that, the dimension, size, and height component is the second most effective component, and at the end, the component of direct and indirect connection with open space has the least impact on increasing the creativity of architecture students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Manifesting the spirit of privacy adjustment on Iranian extroverted houses (case study: Kolbadi house in Mazandaran province)
Amir Hossein Shirdel Jamaledin Mehdinejad Roshanak Naseriakbar

Privacy adjustment as an important need is the result of regulating the interaction between humans in the environment. adjustment. Creating a suitable space for privacy adjustment in Iranian houses is a fundamental feature of Iranian architecture, which has had a signif More

Privacy adjustment as an important need is the result of regulating the interaction between humans in the environment. adjustment. Creating a suitable space for privacy adjustment in Iranian houses is a fundamental feature of Iranian architecture, which has had a significant impact on the structure of houses from the beginning. In this regard, the question arises whether the cities on the edge of the Caspian Sea with extroverted architecture are affected by patterns of privacy adjustment? Examining architectural solutions to privacy adjustment in these types of houses has not attracted enough attention of researchers. Therefore, with the aim of identifying common patterns in extroverted homes, this research has collected materials using the library method and field observations. The present article is organized in the form of an interpretive-historical research, which has been used for the analysis of the collected information in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings of the research show that many extroverted houses in Iran are built in large yards and planting trees inside the yard significantly limits the view into the living space. This factor plays an important role in defining the boundaries of the building. The entrance plays an essential role in connecting the private and public spaces in providing privacy. Also, by creating fractures and angles and the presence of height differences and placement of rooms on the upper floors of the house, the direct view is limited and visual privacy are maintained. The results of the investigation of the effective mechanisms of privacy adjustment in the extroverted house of the Kolbadi house show that while there is a relationship between the inside and the outside of the building, order and mechanisms are applied to maintain and create a state of secrecy, privacy adjustment and restriction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - An Exploration of Social Interactions in the Contemporary Iranian House
Negar Gharagozloo Hesari Hosein KalantariKhalilAbad

Humans, as social beings, engage in various levels of qualitative and quantitative social interactions. While many existing structures primarily focus on functional needs and often overlook human factors, housing plays a crucial role in this context. This research aims More

Humans, as social beings, engage in various levels of qualitative and quantitative social interactions. While many existing structures primarily focus on functional needs and often overlook human factors, housing plays a crucial role in this context. This research aims to address the following questions: What are the criteria and design principles for social interactions within such spaces? How can housing with appropriate functionality and desired spatial quality be designed, considering its architectural components, to meet users' needs? This study is a descriptive-analytical research conducted through a survey method, and it is practical in nature. Some of the human and environmental variables influencing social interactions were extracted from library documents and studies. Among these, fourteen important factors were selected as the basis for this research, prioritized by architects and sociologists among the faculty members of some reputable universities in Iran. Therefore, by specifying the population, sample, and research tools, the roles played by selected variables in confirming or rejecting the research hypotheses were tested. Subsequently, using SPSS software, the selected variables, such as influential criteria in shaping interactions (e.g., permeability), and architectural components as secondary factors (e.g., spatial clarity), were prioritized. The result of this research process indicates that focusing on social interactions and the architectural components can contribute to enhancing the quality of life for residents and improving social connections in contemporary Iranian housing. Additionally, recommendations are made for housing designers to help improve social interactions in Iranian contemporary housing. Manuscript profile

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10 - Anthropological study of local knowledge of traditional architecture of Ardabil people with emphasis on ecotourism (A case study of the house of Iki room in the corridor of Aleli village)
ammar ahmadi vahid rashidvash یعقوب شربتیان mohammad hadi mansour lakoorej

The main goal of this research paper is to know the local knowledge of traditional architecture with ecotourism orientation among the people of Aleli village in Meshkinshahr. The research method of this applied research is based on field research based on deep field ana More

The main goal of this research paper is to know the local knowledge of traditional architecture with ecotourism orientation among the people of Aleli village in Meshkinshahr. The research method of this applied research is based on field research based on deep field analysis, which uses the theory of transautomatism in the school of architecture and the theory of needs in the school of functionalism, as well as the school of structuralism in the anthropological analysis and interpretation of the problem. The innovation and innovation of this research article lies in the rarity of this group of articles, in other words, the void of this research in the field of local knowledge, especially the local knowledge of the traditional architecture industry in the rural areas of the country, especially the rural areas of Ardabil province, was completely felt. The result of this research is to identify and preserve and maintain the traditional houses of the villages of different regions of Ardabil and the culture related to its construction and use, as well as the development of the traditional architecture industry in the structure of its local knowledge to help with the issue of ecotourism and attract tourism to rural areas, especially Aleli village of Meshkinshahr. . The obvious function of this indigenous knowledge manifests itself in the daily life of the people of Aleli village as the traditional architecture of this region in earning income and the economic prosperity of the families of this village and the hidden function… Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Phenomenology Of Spatial Variations In The Poetics Of Interior Architecture; (Case Study: Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex)
Mohammad Dabdabeh آرش ثقفی اصل mehrdad mohammadian Rana Kourehpazhassanalizad

In delineating the framework of the phenomenology of a phenomenon, it is essential to examine various foundations. Among these, the poetics of interior architectural space, and the dynamism of spatial spirituality with the effects of sensory perception, distinctly embod More

In delineating the framework of the phenomenology of a phenomenon, it is essential to examine various foundations. Among these, the poetics of interior architectural space, and the dynamism of spatial spirituality with the effects of sensory perception, distinctly embody the characteristic of this phenomenon. Specifically, this study extensively examines the artistic dimensions and the structure of spatial elements in a layered manner. This type of analysis delves into the nuances of different facets of manifestation, encompassing numerous factors such as the influence of artistic effects and their correlation with other environmental aspects to maximize the revelation of perceptual connections. The research, in this regard, is deeply entrenched, addressing the question of whether the phenomenology of spatial elements in the poetics of interior architectural space within the historic bazaar complex of Tabriz, as a pivotal aspect of historical cultural heritage, can significantly contribute to preserving the sustainability of this space with an emphasis on a unified identity in a contemporary context? Assuming that the phenomenology of spatial elements in the poetics of interior architectural space within the historic bazaar complex of Tabriz, with a focus on spatial infrastructure and its relationship with cultural heritage, can provide a conceptual framework and play a role in sustaining this space in modernity. This hypothesis draws on past experiences and analyzes the impacts of spatial infrastructure on individuals' experiences, emphasizing art, architecture-interior design, and the concept of beauty. The research methodology adopted is quantitative-qualitative; the current research strategy is descriptive-analytical. Data collection methods include library and field studies, along with questionnaire surveys. The findings suggest that the foundation of the phenomenology of spatial elements in the poetics of interior architectural space within the historic bazaar complex of Tabriz is underscored as a historical cultural heritage and a factor for global sustainability. Consequently, the study results indicate that comprehending the infrastructure of the historic bazaar complex of Tabriz can perpetuate the ancient Iranian architectural pattern with a sustainable strategy to preserve the lively bazaar with a unified identity in the contemporary era, which has garnered global attention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Waterfronts in Andalusia Belvedere Gardens; from Al-Zahra to Al-Hamra
Afife Khadangi Abdolrahim Ghanavat

Using water in architecture, along with providing the facility, had a great impact on the architectural design and beauty. In belvedere gardens of Andalus water used in different shapes such as pools, fountains and rivers with exquisite designs. During 10th to 15th cent More

Using water in architecture, along with providing the facility, had a great impact on the architectural design and beauty. In belvedere gardens of Andalus water used in different shapes such as pools, fountains and rivers with exquisite designs. During 10th to 15th century particular styles of fountains are used that were operational as well as decorative. This research studies and compares the aesthetics changes of the patterns and elements of  belvedere gardens that were constructed during the period. References Barrucand, Marianne & Bednorz, Achim, Mimārī- yi Islāmī dar Andalus(Moorish Architecture in Andalusia (Big Series: Architecture and Design), Trans. Faezeh dini, Tehran, Iranian Academy of the Arts, 1386/ 2007. Blair, Sheila & Bloom, Jonathan, Hunar wa Mimārī- yi Islāmī(2)(The art and architecture of Islam), Trans. Azhand Yaghoub, SAMT, Iranian Academy of the Arts, 1381/ 2002. Būtshīsh, Ibrāhīm al- Ḳādirī, “al- Djāmāliyya Fī al- Munshaʾāt al- Miʿmāriyya al- Māʾiyya bi- Madīnat Gharnāta”, International Scientific Conference Entitled: "al- Fann fī al- Fikr al- Islāmī", Saʿīd b. Ḥamāda, Oman, Jordan, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1433 AH/ 2012 AD. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar& Moin, Mohammad, Lughat-nāma, University of Tehran Press (UTP), Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute & International Center for Persian Studies, 1337/ 1958. Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Tarikh al- Islām wa wafayāt (ṭabaḳāt) al- mashāhīr wa l- alām, Revised by ʿUmar ʿAbd al- Salām Tadmurī, Vol. 2, Beirut, Dār al- Kitāb al- ʿArabī, 1993 AH/ 1413 AD. al- Djamal, Muḥammad, “Munshaʾāt Salāṭīn Banī Naṣr fī Ḳuṣūr al- Ḥamrāʾ”, Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, No. 28, 1996/ 1374. Donis A., Dondis, Mabādī- yi Sawad Baṣrī (A Primer of Visual Literacy), Trans. Masoud Sepehr, Surūsh, Tehran, 1390/ 2011. Fatḥ b. Khāḳān, Ḳalāid al- Iḳyān, (Und), (Und.). Golomberk, Lisa, “From Timur to TivoliI: reflections on Il Giadino All Italiana”, Muqarnas, Necipoglu, Gulru, V.15, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, copyright 1001. Ibn Zaydūn, Dīwān- i Ibn Zaydūn wa Rasāla, Revised by ʿAlī ʿAbd al- ʿAẓīm, Dar Misr For Printing, 1957/ 1335. Jafari, Bahram, "al- Ḥamrāʾ čashm- Andāzī az Tamaddunī ʿAẓīm", Kiyhān- i Farhangī, No.111, Vol.11, Tehran, Tīr/ June 1373/ 1993.   Lehrman, Jonas, Eaethly Paradise(Garden and Courtyard in Islam), Berkeley and Los Angeless,University of California Press, 2910. al- Maḳḳarī al- Tilimsānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, Nafḥ al- Ṭīb Min Ghuṣn al- Andalus al- Raṭīb, Dār al- Fikr, Beirut, 1419 AD. Moore, Charles Willard, Āb wa Mimārī (Water and Architecture), Trans. Hoda Alamolhoda, Sāzmān- i Mīrāth Farhangī- yi Kishwar, Muʿāwinat- i Farhangī wa Āmūzish, 1381/ 2002. Pries, Christine, Tarīkh- i Hunar- i Islāmī (The story of Moslem Art), Trans. Masoud Rajab Nia, Vol. 2, Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 2535 Shāhanshāhī. Tabbaa, Yasser, “The Medieval Islamic Garden: Typology and Hydraulics”, Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, John Dixon Hunt, Washington, Harvard University, 1992. Zakī, Yaʿḳūb, (Dickie, James), "Bāgh- i Ispāniyyāyi ʿArabī: Tawḍīḥātī Darbāra- yi Gūna- Shināsī", Trans. MohammadTaghi Akbari, Mīrāth- i Ispāniyyā- yi Musalmān(The legacy of muslim spain- Salma khadra jayyusi), Salma Khadra Jayyusi(as Supervisor), Translations of European languages,  Vol. 1, Islamic Research Foundation of Astane Quds Razavi, 1380/ 2001.   Referencing Visuals: Images & Maps http://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/placesandspots/courtofthemyrtles.asp.(2013/2/26) http://www.artencordoba.co.uk/MADINAT-AL-ZAHRA/Medina-Azahara-Cordoba-Archeological-site-pool-house.html. (2011/1/24) http://www.essential-architecture.com/SP-GR/GR-006.htm (2016/12/01)  http://gardenin.ru/islamic_gardens.html. (2011/7/12) http://www.martingracephotography.com/?search=Nasrid+dynasty. (2013/3/17)  http://www.photaki.es/foto-jardin-del-crucero-casa-de-la-contratacion-sevilla_303803.htm https://www.pinterest.com/anachelista/al-andalus-las-invasiones-almor%C3%A1vides-almohades-y (2016/12/01) http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do.(2011/22/9)  http://rolfgross.dreamhosters.com/Islam-Web/Chapter3103.htm. (2011/21/23) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_the_Lions                                                                   Manuscript profile

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13 - Architecture as a Political Expression: The Impact of Political Contexts and Purposes on the Architectural Activities of Bahri’s Mamluks (1250-1382
Zahra Habibi Fariba Pat Negar Zeilabi

10.30495/jhcin.2022.20097

A number of architectural activities in Egypt during the Mamluks period were influenced by the political context and the goals and factors that associated with it. These contexts added elements and styles to the architecture and provided an area for increasing the numbe More

A number of architectural activities in Egypt during the Mamluks period were influenced by the political context and the goals and factors that associated with it. These contexts added elements and styles to the architecture and provided an area for increasing the number of buildings with such as characteristics. The aim of this research is answer the questions by descriptive-analytical and statistical methods: how did political factors affect the architecture of Mamluks in Egypt? Which buildings were created under the influence of these factors? Findings show that factors and goals such as political legitimacy, domination of society, maintaining government and wealth, turning Egypt into the center of the caliphate, and the question of identity, led the country to increase architectural activities.Also, buildings such as ṭibāq, Jām‛, madrasah, khānqāh, zāwiyah, ḥamām, ribāṭ, sabīl-kuttāb and tombs and structures such as squares and bridges are among the buildings that emerged under the influence of political contexts in Egypt. Manuscript profile

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14 - Reconstruction of the Past Architectural works in Timurid Period
ولی الله کاوسی

Restoration, reconstruction, renovation and rehabilitation of themonuments and architectural of the past is a notable aspect ofarchitectural course in the Timurid period. The pioneer of this coursewas Timur (Tamerlane) himself. He spent much wealth for theconstruction, More

Restoration, reconstruction, renovation and rehabilitation of themonuments and architectural of the past is a notable aspect ofarchitectural course in the Timurid period. The pioneer of this coursewas Timur (Tamerlane) himself. He spent much wealth for theconstruction, and rebuilt some of the remaining buildings. His son andsuccessor, Shahrukh, overtook his father in the architectural patronageand reconstruction. In the reign of Shahrukh, the princes and courtiersgot relatively authority for restoration. After Shahrukh, this processwas continued by Timurid kings like Mirza Abu’l-Qasim Babur andSultan Abu-Sa’id. Sultan Husayn Bayqara and his vizier, Ali-ShirNava’i rebuilt some of the previous buildings. Many of the officers, aswell as rich people out of the court, increased buildings throughvarious constructions. In comparison with the vast architecturalactivities in Timurid period, what is remained is little. However, theTimurid historians’ reports can compensate the shortage ofinformation relatively. It seems that this part of Timurid architecturehas been neglected by scholars. Manuscript profile

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15 - Manifestation of Mystical themes in Geometric Patterns in the School of Tabrīz: Sultanīyah Dome
rana kourehpaz lida balilan

10.30495/jhcin.2023.21787

The architecture of the 7th century in Azerbaijan is the manifestation of the glory of Islamic art in Iran, and the peak of it is the Tabrīz school of architecture, which has become more beautiful and richer with the emergence of political and religious developments in More

The architecture of the 7th century in Azerbaijan is the manifestation of the glory of Islamic art in Iran, and the peak of it is the Tabrīz school of architecture, which has become more beautiful and richer with the emergence of political and religious developments in the Ilkhanate period and changes in previous styles, especially in the arrangement and decoration of buildings. Therefore, the aim of the above research is to know those changes and the concepts hidden in them, which have taken place by examining the geometric arrays, as the dominant decorations in the buildings of this period, in one of the prominent buildings of the Tabriz school, namely the Sultanīyah dome. The building, which is used as a tomb, is a manifestation of the religious and religious beliefs of its era and is considered a window to reach the secrets hidden in the arrangement of the remaining works of this school. In this regard, the recognition of linguistic commonalities in mysticism and architecture and the investigation of mystical themes hidden in geometric arrays are among the goals of the above research, and the results show the influence of mysticism on the geometric arrays of Sultanīyah Dome.   Manuscript profile

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16 - Availability evaluation of Software architecture of object oriented Style using coloured Petri nets
Abdolghader pourali

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17 - A Multi-layer Architecture Based on MCDM Methods to Select the Best E-Readiness Assessment Model According to SWOT Analysis
Mina Sadat Mousavi Kasravi Mohammad Ahmadinia Abbas Rezaiee

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18 - Presenting the Organizational Architecture Model and its Effect on the Maturity of Human Resources Capabilities of Bushehr Gas Company
laila ghasemi hadi rezghi shirsavar maryam mosleh azita joubari

10.30495/ijpa.2022.19657

Background: In the third millennium, organizational architecture and the maturity of human resource capabilities emerged as a new and controversial category. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and present an appropriate model of organizational architectu More

Background: In the third millennium, organizational architecture and the maturity of human resource capabilities emerged as a new and controversial category. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and present an appropriate model of organizational architecture and its impact on the maturity of human resource capabilities of Bushehr Gas Company.  Method: The research method was exploratory. In the qualitative part, exploratory factor analysis method and in the quantitative part, structural equations were used. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 12 university experts who were selected by purposive method. In a small part of the statistical population, 300 employees of Bushehr Gas Company were selected. According to Morgan table, 169 people were selected by simple random sampling. Data were extracted in the qualitative part from the exploratory factor analysis method and in the quantitative part from the structural equation method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through heuristic factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Organizational architecture with 4 dimensions and 20 indicators and organizational maturity with 4 dimensions and 60 indicators were identified. Organizational architecture with four dimensions (business, information, applications and technology) with a coefficient of 0.52 affects the maturity of human resource capabilities with four dimensions (managed, defined, predicted and optimized)  Manuscript profile

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19 - Identify The Dimensions of the Positive-Behavior Based Human Resource Architecture Model
Majid Iravani Seyed Mahdi Alvani Naser Hamidi

Background: The human resource architecture model is the process of determining and combining appropriate elements of HRM in order to present an image in which coordination between the behavior and activities of HR, missions, and goals of the organization can be viewed. More

Background: The human resource architecture model is the process of determining and combining appropriate elements of HRM in order to present an image in which coordination between the behavior and activities of HR, missions, and goals of the organization can be viewed. Positive organizational behavior is the study and use of HR strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured and trained to improved performance.Objective: The research is to identify the dimensions of the Positive Human Resource Architecture Model, which is a combination of indicators of strategic and unique value, and adding dimension of positive behavior. This research in terms of goal is development and in terms of data type and method is quantitative. Method: 16 experts in the field of HR and psychology were selected by judgmental sampling. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, analyzed by the Fuzzy Delphi method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed by content, and Cronbach's-alpha methods. Results: This study confirmed the uniqueness and strategic dimension and confirmed the positive-behavior dimension in the Positive Human Resource Architecture Model.Conclusion: The Positive Human Resource Architecture Model with eight occupational groups, based on three main dimensions, was identified and introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Evaluating the quality of architectural training from the perspective of the instructors (Case Study: Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch)
Reza Naghdbishi Hamed Najafpour الهام نقدبیشی

Architectural education before the issue of the involvement of architecture, the concept is affiliated. Architectural training as one of structures of multidimensional of the main topic of “Education” has many aspects in developmental approaches. The growth More

Architectural education before the issue of the involvement of architecture, the concept is affiliated. Architectural training as one of structures of multidimensional of the main topic of “Education” has many aspects in developmental approaches. The growth of academic education need to expand to a qualitative development in Iran. According to the Islamic Azad University Vision for achievement to qualitative development in fourth decade this research attempt to identify and measure the criteria and indicators of quality evaluation for the faculty of Art and Architecture of Roudehen Branch of Islamic Azad University. Review the approaches and theories related to the concept of quality to achieve the criteria and indicators that can interact with the existing structure of the educational system architecture are cases that have investigated in this paper. Based on a review of research also formed and Inspired by categories such as documents and issues affecting research including development plans and structures are affecting the education system architecture have been analyzed in this section in order to achieve a comprehensive model in the study. Faculty of Arts and Architecture as the largest training center for art and architecture in East of Tehran needs to serious attention based on a developmental process. on the other hand, Higher education quality, consistent input, process, output and outcome standards to improve the system of higher education activities with regard to the mission, goals and expectations defined and developed higher education systems. Universities are evaluated has reached its goals, mission to fulfill and respond to the expectations. The aim of this research was about the investigation of Priorities and Strategies for the Quality of Architectural Education in faculty of art and architecture, Islamic Azad University- Roudehen branch. According to growth of the faculty and in order to achieve to the great goal of Islamic Azad University for Qualitative Education, study and research to forming the indicators of quality of education and the structure of architectural training for checking the priorities and strategies. The purpose of this research is applicable and the collected data is descriptive. Because this study was to review the current situation is concerned, in the field of research is descriptive and because it is the people's opinions through a questionnaire survey. The resulting model to determine the variables affecting the quality and impact of the research in general will apply in different schools So that after the evaluation model and the representation of the findings to provide priority and payment solutions. In order to collect the required data, the questionnaire was designed criteria and indicators were extracted from the literature. The questionnaire contains 90 questions, and item was based on the Likert scale. Research variables formed from researches and based on that designed the questionnaire for lecturers. The statistical universe size and the sample size (N=72,S=60) calculated. Validity and reliability assessed with Convergent Validity, Divergent Validity, and Composite Reliability and in all factors obtained appropriate results. Among 26 Hypothesizes, 19 Hypothesizes confirmed. Finally, 10 Priorities identified and the strategies presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Discourse of High-Performance Architecture: A Method to Understand Contemporary Architecture
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad

Architecture criticism is a multidiscipline topic which usually related to level of success in meeting a prosperous architecture, or at least meeting the designers’ aims and objectives. The criticism procedures should satisfy the needs of all the stakeholders who partic More

Architecture criticism is a multidiscipline topic which usually related to level of success in meeting a prosperous architecture, or at least meeting the designers’ aims and objectives. The criticism procedures should satisfy the needs of all the stakeholders who participate in architectural design process. Criticism has a lot to do with a wide range of tangible and intangible issues such as environmental, social, technical, economic, aesthetic and fictional issues. Therefore performance-based criticism is an approach to evaluate architect's success in meeting aims and objectives of all the stakeholders who might be interested in the project. It is essential to explain that the level of architectural performance is effected by “context”. Moreover high-performance architecture might be crystalized through the relationship of form and content. This paper is to make a framework for discourse of high-performance architecture in order to shape a Method to understand contemporary architecture. As well as make a substantive model to criticize strength and weakness on contemporary architecture, especially contemporary architecture of developing countries such as Iran. Contrary to much of conventional approaches, architecture criticism not only study building beyond the way it performed but also prefer to analyze hidden dimensions of architectural design process. Theoretical framework of the paper is based on understanding architecture as a comprehensive discourse. Assumption of the research indicates that architecture is a matter of discourse and comprehensive meaning of high-performance architecture might be understood by adopting the relationship between architecture and architect as a critical discourse. It is essential to describe performance-based design as way to meet demands and expectation of all the stakeholders in architectural design process, especially in programing and planning phase. The research methodology of the paper is based on discourse analysis theory in order to explain the relationship between architecture and context as matter of understanding the level of performance. Moreover the research methodology aims at revealing socio-cultural, ultramundane, intangible and psychological characteristics of “architecture” rather than tangible and physical issues. The results of the paper show that a comprehensive approach toward architecture criticism includes five categories of all-inclusive and interdisciplinary strategies such as: 1- Relation to Context: high-performance architecture has to crystalize a meaningful learning from nature. The interrelationship of performative characteristics of architecture, recombinant materials and socio-cultural aspects of design. 2- Process-Based Approach: Understanding the level of performance is to concentrate on process in order to meet stakeholders’ demands and objectives. 3- General Welcoming: Performance-based design has a lot to do with collective mind. 4- Recriticizing Critics of Critics: Architecture might be read in contemporary discourses. Architects sometimes have their own approach toward architecture criticism which might be called designerly way of knowing and doing which works as a new style of architectural criticism. 5- Redevelopment of Future Discourse: New architectural technologies such as digitalism, mathematical architecture etc. are about to shape a new paradigm for future architecture. Based on theoretical developments future legacy in architecture is in need of a kind of futuristic discourse. It is essential to redevelop future discourse in programming architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - A conceptual model for designing of the city central squares,with the approach for identity (case study:Taleqani square in Qaemshahr)
Sedighe Alereza Amiri Farah Habib

City centers are as the cultural assets for the country; looking at them, we remember our past history and the life style of our ancestors. In the past, the city center was the initial point that the city was formed around it and it was known as the symbol of the identi More

City centers are as the cultural assets for the country; looking at them, we remember our past history and the life style of our ancestors. In the past, the city center was the initial point that the city was formed around it and it was known as the symbol of the identity for the city. Nowadays, city centers are transformed to the busiest and the noisiest place in the city which have an uncoordinated architecture; so, the affiliations to the city centers are fading day by day and they are losing their identity gradually. The Identity is the main factor for characterization and discrimination of everything.The identity generally and the place's identity particularly are two important subjects which have the main role for the persons, the objects, the communities and the places characterization.City center is one of the main elements of the city identity and because of its role in the city formation; the historical city centers have a special effect on the city identity. The goal of the present article is to obtain a conceptual model for design of city centers with the identity approach. In the present research the theoretical principles related to three subjects of the city center, the main square and the identity are investigated. The methods of librarian studies, field studies, interviewing and questionnaire distribution are used for this research. Accordingly the designing principles for the city centers and main squares and the urban identity are introduced.The theories of some intellectuals such as K. Lynch, I. Bently, A. Rapoport and J. Jacobs are studied.According to the above theories, the five components of the urban spaces identity are: activity, physics, meaning, culture and environment. Two internal samples (including Imam Ali square in Isfahan and Shohada square in Arak) and three overseas samples (including Detroit city center- USA, Piazza del Campo in Siena- Italy, Baghdad city center- Iraq ) are investigated. Finally a conceptual model is proposed based on the identity approach for designing of a city center. Based on the proposed model, as the case study, some strategies are suggested for designing of the city center of Qaemshahr. The center of Qaemshahr was constructed at the first Pahlavi's time and actually this city center was the initial kernel for the city formation. The consequent developments of Qaemshahr reformed the city center to the current shape. On the other hand, there is a high potential for reclamation and organization in the central region of Qaemshahr. This city center confronts with various problems including traffic, destroying the historical and harmonic facade of the Main Square, unimportant or disorder land usages, and inadequate space for traffic of pedestrians and cyclists. City center could be the remembrance of a beautiful portrait of the city, so its design could make a special identity for the city on the citizens’ mind. More over, a good design has the potential to attract many tourists from everywhere in the country and it leads to the cultural and the economic growth of the city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Iran contemporary architecture and the problem of identity (a realistic representation of the post-modernism critical reading in architecture)
Amir Davood Maslahatjoo Maryam Ghasemi Sichani Vahid Ghobadian Biajn Abdolkarimi

Post-modernism is the dominant aspect of the cultural belief of the time that re-frames all actions and constructs distinct ideas of experiences and conditions at the deepest levels and everything that can be known about the contemporary world; As long as the centralize More

Post-modernism is the dominant aspect of the cultural belief of the time that re-frames all actions and constructs distinct ideas of experiences and conditions at the deepest levels and everything that can be known about the contemporary world; As long as the centralized power gives way to a discrete plurality, and bring to the fore a manifestation of contemporary identity in the current era. This research - which has been done using the qualitative method and the grounded theory approach - with the general purpose to analyze and interpret the identity of Iran contemporary architecture based on post-modernity and critical thought, looking for an answer to this question, How can identity, as a critical approach, have an effect on the recognition of post-modern architecture - especially in the Iran contemporary era? In this research, the systematic approach known as Strauss and Corbin's theory (2019) was used to analyse the data. According to the classification of Corbin and Strauss (2022), the systematic approach has three stages of open coding (concepts), axial coding (Casual Conditions, Actions & Interactions, Context, Intervening Conditions and Consequences) and selective coding. In the collection and extraction of the main categories and sub-categories, from the documentary and citation resources and the interview tools have been used. The special emphasis of the research is on the views and opinions of those professors and architects who work both academically and professionally. Hence, the research data has been compiled and analysed in semi-structured interviews. The responses at the highest saturation level reached relative saturation in the 17th interview. The interview process is continued until the 25th to ensure the data and obtain absolute saturation. The content of data was coded by Strauss and Corbin coding method in three stages (open, central and selective). In the coding process of 17 interviews, the frequency of the 5969 coded items, was reduced to 317 open codes from the frequency ratio of 1337 codes after refining and merging. The obtained codes, in the number of 53 axial categories and 8 selective categories, were related to the axial theme of Iran Contemporary Architecture Identity. The Observations Percentage Agreement of 90.37% indicates relatively complete reliability and coverage of criterion level of more than 0.6 of Kappa coefficient, describing validity as ideal. Therefore, the research quality index is acceptable, and the reliability and validity of the research are confirmed. The research results can be valuable and interpreted by examining the criteria of matching, generalization, understanding, and control. The findings show that the result of summarizing the causal variables of the research in the mediating conditions of the existing situation, provides an event that in a fundamental attitude, between the (narcissism to self-defeat) truth and (self-belief) Iranian essence, and in a historical discourse, between a re-reading of what exists and a re-presentation of what should exists, in a Preventive (and not Mandatory) form and in a reading of a critical realism and feedback interpretation of self-reflection evaluation from the feedback of others, they recreate the way of being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Exloring The Role of Sociopetality of Educational Environments of Architecture on Students' Learning: a structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Elham Jafari Hamzeh Gholamalizadeh Mahmood Modiri

The role of the architectural learning environment as an effective model in the talents of the Architectural students and educating them as future professional architects is important. The nature of architecture education is such that architectural students spend long h More

The role of the architectural learning environment as an effective model in the talents of the Architectural students and educating them as future professional architects is important. The nature of architecture education is such that architectural students spend long hours with each other on classroom activities, so social interactions can be considered as one of the effective factors in improving their learning. Sociability is a qualitative feature of the environment that can increase the possibility of social interactions in the activity spaces. Therefore, in this study, by assuming the effective role of sociability in the physical environment of architectural education on students' learning, factors affecting sociability in the educational environment of architecture were examined. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the research hypothesis was tested and its results showed a significant relationship between the socialization of the architectural education environment on student learning. It is thought that the learning of architecture students in their educational environment, irrespective of other factors, is related to the socialization of the existing physical education settings. Therefore, in order to test the effectiveness of socialization on students' learning, we have determined the effective factors in creating and enhancing socialization. In architectural learning environments, enabling students to interact and communicate will share their experiences with one another and increase students' information exchange and awareness. What can be seen as a variable factor in the physical environment is the creation or enhancement of effective socialization and, in turn, the effective learning of architecture students. For this purpose, these factors were obtained by means of a descriptive-analytic research method after identifying the variables and collecting the views of previous researchers. Then, they were evaluated using the Delphi-Fuzzy method and with the help of expert opinion (architectural professors). The results of this phase divided the factors affecting socialization into six factors (physical, architectural, aesthetic meanings, sense of security, semantic-perceptual, functional-activity) and 22 sub-factors. In the second stage, the research hypothesis was tested. The research method used at this stage was a confirmatory factor analysis method that evaluated the views of the architectural students in the colleges of Guilan. The results of the research, while confirming the results of the previous stage, showed a significant relationship between the sociability of the architectural learning environment on the architectural students' learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that sociability as one of the environmental factors affecting learning can be considered as a strategy when designing the educational environment of architecture. The research method is also explanatory in terms of the type of results. The results of the study, while confirming the results of the previous step, showed a significant relationship between the socialization of the architecture education environment and the learning of architecture students. Therefore, it can be concluded that socialization as one of the environmental factors affecting learning can be considered as a solution when designing an architectural education environment. Socialization is one of the environmental factors affecting learning that can be considered as a solution when designing an architectural education environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Sustainable Prefabricated Structure Design by Salt Sediment Inspired from Material Distribution Optimization of Human Trabecular Bone
Azin Jalali mahmoud golabchi

Nature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human proble More

Nature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human problems. There are two main methods of bio inspired design, First: Bottom-Up or solution based method, Second: Top-Down or problem based method. The authors used Top-Down or problem based method to find the article`s main question: How to design a sustainable self-growing and self-compacting structure which is cheap and uses minimum material. First there was problem of construction with minimum material usage and ecosystem damage, then human bone as an inspiring source was focused on, and abstracted form modeled by 3D printers can lead this basic prototype to industrial mass production. This article aims to find a solution for problem of over extracting materials from environment which is a factor of unsustainability in architecture and construction industry. It tries to discover the pattern of how structures optimize their material usage to build their selves. Natural structures extract needed materials from their context gradually, an example of these structures in nature is human bone that have balance between strength, weigh and material distribution. How to simulate this semi prefabricated, self-compacting and intelligent structure able to self-healing and self-destroying itself in essential parts and gradually extract material from its context environment grows and completes itself is the result of this article. The process of simulation from natural model to industrial sample is discussed in the main text. The process contains these steps: Discovering bone structure, Abstracting bone pattern, Simulating bone growth, and providing sediment phase. Bone structure can be simulated into two different ways. One of them is using random points as basic matrix and the other one is Voronoi pattern. Both of these methods can be modeled by Grasshopper plugin and Rhino software. After modeling abstracted Trabecular pattern as basic matrix, it can be made by 3D printers which use cheap and abundant material like sand. The basic sand matrix is put into over salinized water to become more and more compacted by time duration and salt sediments. The Piezoelectric property of the bone cells could be ignited by external forces is the basic cause of calcium ions absorption from bloodstream and calcium precipitation on bone matrix. Bone grows up according to the direction of the external force vectors. Simulation of this dynamic process in a smart structure that builds and destroys and repairs itself is proposed to use Quarts sensors which has the same piezoelectric feature and can simulate the behavior of bone calcium precipitation by making heat from the forces that have to bear and making heat as reaction. The material for process of structure growth is salt (sea salt). As the water of Persian Gulf or Lake Urmia is facing over salinization crisis, extracting salt from these over salty water and returning less salty water to its source can supply environmental sustainability of this kind of construction method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Model of Criticism Application for the Use of Precedents in Architecture Design and Training
Elham Mehrdoust Ahmad Aminpoor Hamid Nadimi

One of the activities that designers and design students usually do in their design process is using the precedents and similar projects and buildings. Design precedents are solutions attained in prior design problems which partially or generally can be used in the prob More

One of the activities that designers and design students usually do in their design process is using the precedents and similar projects and buildings. Design precedents are solutions attained in prior design problems which partially or generally can be used in the problem at hand. An overview of prior studies demonstrates that appropriate use of precedents can increase the creativity of students, although there is the risk of surface adaptation and copping. To prevent this risk, it is important to find tools and methods which could help students and designers to use precedents methodologically and concentrate on fundamental feathers on them. One of these tools is architecture criticism. Since the purpose of architecture criticism, mostly is comprehensive cognition and understanding of the architectural works, using criticism can be helpful in understanding of design precedents. This study tries to find an approach among the presented ones in architecture criticism which can aid the student to achieve the concept of the precedents and understand them in the best way. This paper studies the references in the context of criticism and precedents by the descriptive-analytic method. Then, proposes a model to criticize the precedents and understanding them in a better way. The proposed model includes three steps: diagnosis the specific quality of precedents, discovering the causing factor of those qualities and finally achieving the generalizable patterns. To explain and make these steps clearer it can be said that as many studies which were done on criticism just describe the buildings and less focused on analysis of them, also because the designers use the precedents to generalize the result of it to their designs, it can be proposed that in the first step the designers try to diagnose the specific quality of precedents and then try to discover the causing factor of those qualities. It can be suggested that there are two ways to diagnose the specific quality of precedents; first through the question that there is in the new problem, that means the problem which the designer tries to find a solution for it, cause him or her to refer to precedents. Second through the observation and searching on the precedents that can reveal the specific qualities of them. The diagnosis of these qualities has two results; first cause the designers to ask questions to find the causing factor of those qualities (second step) and second with exact study and finding the answer of those questions and also by making those qualities simple, the generalizable patterns can be reached (third step). It can be added that this kind of confronting with precedents does not mean that the systems that present some criterion for architecture criticism or are based on some of the theories are not useful. These systems can help the designers to find the specific properties and qualities of precedents more simple. It can be noted that at the end of this process some relative understanding of precedents can be reached which can be in the form of some drawings or written scripts Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Imminence- Transcendence- Isfahan's school- Architecture body of mosque.
hosein moradinasab mohamadreza bemanian Iraj etesam

lief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with tradition More

lief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with traditional nature has been observed, there should exist a live traditional thinking. So in order to recognize the mystical and philosophical ideas that their peak was represented in Safavid era which is known as the golden age of art, we have to enter through the gate of Islamic arts philosophy. Transcendence and imminence as the subject matters are one of the ways to find out and comprehend the philosophy of art and the beauty of Islam, but the important point about these subjects is the dual structure of transcendence and imminence. Due to the dialectic between these two - transcendence and imminence- (Throughout the history of Islam) and while they have separated features, only it can be possible to figure out their complementary feature through their unitary vision. Of course, such duality that the universe is made up of one whole which is composed of two obvious and inseparable elements, has been seen in different religions, like "Yin and Yang" in China. As mentioned in Islamic sciences and in an initial classification about God and the universe, two words are in common; Transcendence and imminence. The transcendent philosophers do not consider any human traits for God and in contrast there are imminent mystics who define imminence as the attribution of human traits to God. Going out from this conflict is only possible through unitary vision of transcendence and imminence. This vision which is attributed to Muhiddin Ibn Arabic, considers the summation of transcendence and imminence in order to God's cognition. Since mosques (central) are the most effected places by beliefs and thoughts of their time, they are chosen as the typical examples for reloading the transcendent and imminent ideas. For this purpose, first quantitative and qualitative criteria of transcendent and imminent shapes in architecture were extracted. On the other hand this means that in architecture, components of imminent shapes correspond to transition, dynamism, transparence, transfer, static, sublime and establishment; and components of transcendent shapes correspond to void, centripetal, symmetric and balanced spaces. Then in order to recognize the transcendent and imminent aspects, all the skeletal shapes of Imam Mosque, like the system of entrance, yard, porch and dome were measured and evaluated with these criteria. The results of this measurement were the dominant imminent aspects for transitional and motional shapes like entrance and porches, and the dominant transcendent aspects for mosque's yard as the static, void and centripetal space. But the balance of transcendent and imminent ideas can be searched comprehensively in the architecture of dome, where the void atmosphere (negative) and the tangible positive atmosphere (surrounded the environment) have been defined and the static and centripetal and in a same time dynamic, connected and transitional atmosphere (vertical) toward the God can be understood, observed and perceived. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Contemplation on Semiotics of Qazvin Houses Entrance of During the Qajar Era from Aspects Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Peirce and Umberto Eco
Noushin Sekhavat doust Fariba Alborzi

Semiotics (Semiology) is a scientific approach which deals with studying and analyzing signs. By broad and multilateral studying upon objects in different cultural and social fields, it can be considered as an efficient factor (effect) in architecture and impressive age More

Semiotics (Semiology) is a scientific approach which deals with studying and analyzing signs. By broad and multilateral studying upon objects in different cultural and social fields, it can be considered as an efficient factor (effect) in architecture and impressive agents in creating spaces. This research, investigates the reasons and meaning of the factors (effects) which were used in the entrance of Qajar's houses of Qazvin City from view of semiotics, and by considering “Ferdinand de Saussure”, “Charles Sanders Peirce” and “Umberto Eco” points of view. The theory is that in researching every detail of these entrances with Semiological view, whatever that interpreted as a sign is a result of human's thoughts (mind) and also has been impressed by cultural and social structures. However, the main part of this research is mostly about objective (visual) factors (effects) but as the aforementioned theory suggests, these visual factors (effects) are also made by following the thoughts (mind). In this research it is decided to study the entrance of Qajar's houses of Qazvin City by using semiotics (semiology) to analyze these areas more deeply than what was thinking about them- that these areas are just a linking part of the houses. The research also wants to find and analyze the factors (effects) among cultural and social fields, which can be interpreted as signs. As it can be understood from research's title and its theory, necessity of meaning interpretation and social analysis as the main base have an important role, so by considering them, the research method is qualitative and in analyzing, it is supreme, comparative and descriptive. Semiological analysis were carried out in accordance with the views of “Saussure”, “Peirce”, and “Eco”. Therefore, the cause-and-effect relationships of signifier and signified were discussed in Saussure’s perspective. Then, the designatum, Sign, interpretant, and three types of semiotics (index, symbol, and icon) were discussed in “Peirce’s” point of view. Finally, the centrality of culture was analyzed in the formation of symbols in accordance with Eco’s view. In addition to analyzing the functional and conceptual causes of spatial elements of the entrance symbolically, the research results indicated the most effective factors in the analysis of signs in reference to subjective and conceptual components. Such components resulted in cultural, social, religious, and behavioral structures by considering the physical features leading to a meaningful form. Accordingly, the researchers managed to determine the philosophical method of semiotics in the legibility of architectural elements by preserving the nature of the method. The aforesaid approach described the conventional relationship between physical forms and the elements of entrance space comprehensively in addition to their applications. It also justified those entrance symbols which were merely decorative and useless, due to the lack of a specific functionality, in the legibility of deep semantic strata in reference to sociocultural structures. In interaction with the views of theorists, the legibility of entrance space symbols was provided in a more detailed context in relation to the residents and users of space in addition to behavioral and religious patterns affecting the creation of a meaningful physical for such elements.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Comparative Study of Facade Ornament, a factor in understanding of scale, Function and structural expression; (Case Study: modern and postmodern era)
Mohammadreza Ranjazmayazari Mojtaba Ansari

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.15272

Ornament, has a special role in the understanding of the user, in the scale of the building, its function, and structural expression, so that the amount of ornament used, the location and the relationship with the components of the building, make it an effective and spe More

Ornament, has a special role in the understanding of the user, in the scale of the building, its function, and structural expression, so that the amount of ornament used, the location and the relationship with the components of the building, make it an effective and special element in the history of architecture. Shortage of coherent studies between ornament and mentioned factors caused this research to done.  The question of whether ornament can influence the perception of the user in understanding the above factors is important. Therefore, the present research hypothesizes that in the periods of history, the ornament has been in the pursuit of goals such as functional clarity, scalability, and clarity in the structural expression, and in periods has disconnected with clarity of these factors. Previous studies have surveyed ornament from the point of geometric dimension and semantics without considering these three factors mentioned above. This paper has a comparative- analytical approach. Accordingly, the components of "scale", "functional clarity" and "structural expression" are described with a focus on the subject of "ornamentation" in the two periods of modern and postmodern architecture, were surveyed using content analysis and referring to written and visual sources of Architectural examples of each two periods (Famous works by vanguard architects). The comparison is carried out in two phases of qualitative (for some famous building) and quantitative (by a checklist) methods in architecture. Selecting and evaluating the selected statistical society was done in the form of a checklist. The criterion for completing the checklist was based on logical reasoning and the authors' assessment of the available evidence. In selecting case studies, at first 100 samples of buildings - 50 samples for each period - were selected as target samples. The reason for being targeted at this stage has had the selection of the appropriate works of the famous architects. Then, 50 cases (25 samples for each period) were selected randomly to achieve the validity of the samples which was used in the quantitative evaluation. Then, among the works of the indexes of the mentioned periods, some of them were purposefully explained the results and their quantitative description.  Finally, it was concluded, from quantities and qualities analysis, that the type of ornamental approach could play a role in understanding the scale, functionality, and structural expression. In modern architecture, the style of Chicago school, there is an organic approach to ornamentation, it has united with the materials and to increase the effective exposure of the three indicators considered in this article. Also, in modern European architecture, with the removal of ornament is emphasized on the clarity of the scale, building function and in the expression of the structure in most works of that period. But in postmodern architecture (initial and shell oriented postmodern), with the disconnection of the decorative shell with the interior space and orientation of the decorative wall to the environment and the effect of it, a different approach was seen and vice versa than in the previous two periods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Assessing the effective components on improving the quality of architectural space in the Public Libraries (case study: Central Library of Hamadan)
Vahid Majidi Mohsen Faizi سید باقر حسینی javad ahmadi

Each designer in order to design a architectural space meeting a perfect qualities of the architectural space, needs regard some important factors as a guide line and in this context, libraries as a crucial territorial behavioral is very important. The main question of More

Each designer in order to design a architectural space meeting a perfect qualities of the architectural space, needs regard some important factors as a guide line and in this context, libraries as a crucial territorial behavioral is very important. The main question of this study is to find that in the design of a desirable library meeting all the architectural qualities, which are the paramount factors and by which strategies we could achieve to the design of a desirable library? It means that all the effort of this study is to find the crucial design factors which by using them the designer could design a desirable library. The main purpose of this case study with quantitative, descriptive and analytic approach is to extract the main design factors and principles in order to improve the desirability of architectural spaces which by using them it would be possible to achieve to the future library designs. These qualities could be extended to the all parts of the country in terms of the design. This study has utilized factor analysis using SPSS 20 software. This method was used in order to reduction and to justify the most important design factors among vast design factors with less importance or affection. By this method, it would be possible to find the most important design factor which has the greatest effect on the design of a desirable library. The central and public library of Hamadan city was chosen for this perspective. This was because of its uniqueness and its contemporary features which meets all the new factors of Iranian architectural design procedures. This building as a cultural space in the large and urban scale was studied to unmask its current physical and behavioral features. The main hypothesis is that, in considering the desirability as a relative matter, as the main source to achieve, its intended users to answer. All users of the library were chosen to answer the questions revealing the amount of their satisfactions and their perception of the desirability of the library. And all the answers were considered as a guide line to usher to the main purpose so that it could possible to find the most important factors of the design. The outcomes of the study revealed that considering the natural and green zone and vegetation, internal lighting and proportion and scale in the internal design, are the main factors which should be considered to a perfect and desirable design of a library namely. By these results, it is possible to consider and to prioritize the principle into any field and subject of design of library to achieve to the main purpose of this study in which to achieve perfect and desirable design. Some of the strategies by these priorities could be asserted; using vegetation and green zones in the internal design of the reading rooms and corridors of the library. Utilizing the natural lighting by allowing the light to pierce to the rooms through a controller, Using human scale in the internal design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Evaluation of Sense of Community in Residential Complexes (Case study: Saidyeh complex of Hamadan)
راضیه اسفندیاری صدق مهرداد کریمی مشاور گلرخ دانشگر مقدم

Abstract Community architecture, as a novel approach in architecture, has changed throughout ages. This approach has many concepts which have increased and decreased during the times, but the main concept of community architecture has always been the indirect participa More

Abstract Community architecture, as a novel approach in architecture, has changed throughout ages. This approach has many concepts which have increased and decreased during the times, but the main concept of community architecture has always been the indirect participation of people in designing. Also, public spaces and stability have recently been added to these new parameters. Among three approaches available in the architecture including political, social and psychological ones, the one that is strongly related to community architecture is a fundamental aspect named sense of community. Sense of community is often defined as a feeling of belonging to a group of members. A feeling that shows the members matter to one another and to the group, and a common faith that ensures that the members needs will be met through their commitment to a unity. Sense of community has two important parts. The first part is individual and the second part is collective. Gender, age, education, level of income and ownership are related to the individual level, while membership, influence, Integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection are related to the collective part. Public spaces are the most important spaces which could increase the sense of community. They are recognized as being accessible to all groups, providing freedom of action for users. Some changes in modern society may lead to a decrease in the sense of community in public spaces of residential complexes. For instance, most of the people do not like to be present in public spaces for participating and using of facilities of them, or technology and media prevent people from being together. In this new condition, the sense of community will slowly disappear. This is a big problem for all countries all over the world. Identifying and creating the conditions that foster and strengthen sense of community within public spaces of residential complex is an important task for us. We can make suitable conditions to encourage people for coming in public spaces of residential complex and share their needs and beliefs through designing methods. The reduction in this context could be empowered by the presence and participation of people. Thus, we classify our data in two tables. The first table shows design methods in community design with behavioral patterns and performance of spaces, and in the second table some methods for making better facilities to public spaces of residential complex presents have been presented. The only residential complex with public spaces in Hamadan is Saidyeh complex. We have divided the site of this complex into some parts, and observe them for 5 months. 65 persons were randomly selected and interviewed about their needs. A table is drawn according to performance of spaces, behavioral patterns, designing methods and style of investigation (interview or observation). This study aims at examining the collected information through a qualitative method and evaluates the selected samples (through targeted sampling) and compares them with table of designed parameters. As a result, we concluded that the climate and culture could affect community architecture in Hamadan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Effectiveness of teaching primary architecture to public youth and teens (case study: reading architectural facades)
Masoud Narighomi Sajad Damyar Sepideh Malaieri

The catastrophic breakup between public realm and architectural society, along with the lack of successful achievement of the postmodern elite attitudes towards the popularization of architecture, has prompted the public to reintroduce architectural education as a neces More

The catastrophic breakup between public realm and architectural society, along with the lack of successful achievement of the postmodern elite attitudes towards the popularization of architecture, has prompted the public to reintroduce architectural education as a necessity not only for architects and architecture students themselves but also for all people. The researchers' experiences indicate that there are potentially active areas for youth and teens to engage in architectural issues that public educations are the most feasible area amongst them. In this study, an elementary experience has been taken to assess the effectiveness of architectural training on teens to deepen their attitude towards architecture. To assess the role of education, people’s common judgment about the elevations of buildings has been used as a tool of inquiry, since elevation alone, is the most visible part of buildings for the public. In the at hand research, different interpretations of building elevations are categorized within six terms so basic elements along with allegorical, behavioral, contextual, memorial and gestalt ordering characteristics are specified as specialized factors. This research is based on participatory picture ordering with semantic differential technique are used as survey to study perception of people about three residential, administrative, and religious uses of various samples. 54 images were used as an evaluation tool in two different categories (City of Damghan local images and scattered building pictures of the whole of Iran) to be sorted due to three architectural functions. Every 18 images were specified for one of the three groups of usages while amongst these 18 pictures, 6 were selected from urban context of Damghan, 6 were chosen from famous recent works of Iranian architects all around the country based on 6 factors of cognitive characteristics of architectural elevation. The other 6 ones were selected from various locations of Iran from more ordinary of less famous buildings amongst architects. Evidence from respondents in Damghan city was considered for assessing teen’s raw mentality. The experimental group was assessed after short-term guidance workshop in the city of Ilam. These workshops were intended as a pilot experience for studying feasibility of public education about a special discourse of architecture. So upon its discovery nature, four proposed types of transferring data to the public were considered: implicit critical debate, explicit critical debate, implicit positive (informational) debate and explicit positive (informational) debate. The results of the field survey and the four proposed training types including implicit and explicit positive debate show that any training could be effective in changing the unique and collective viewpoints of teens towards the goals of architecture and the change in the type of teaching to people brings different directions into public views. It is worth to mention that there were significant differences between the results of our trained people with those who have official architectural education. While there is no considerable content in architectural education about the matter it is not very surprising. The cornerstone of it can be founded in high school textbooks and workshops to accommodate architectural concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Evaluating the Possibility of Paying Attention to the Components of Culture in Architectural Basic Design Education
Afra Gharibpour

Architectural profession and education are procedures deeply based on cultural circumstances in a country. In Iran, one of the major goals of architectural education must be educating architects who know their country and culture well, and are able to do architecture ba More

Architectural profession and education are procedures deeply based on cultural circumstances in a country. In Iran, one of the major goals of architectural education must be educating architects who know their country and culture well, and are able to do architecture based on cultural and local acquaintances. Architectural Basic Design Education consisting of some courses, lasts just for three semesters, but has a very fundamental role in training architecture students based on cultural and local acquaintances. Accordingly, educating students in relation to their culture, must be conducted in a way that the graduated young architects can solve the regional-vernacular problems of their country and can design generously in the cultural context. Thus, the significant question of this research is that the current basic design curriculum in schools of architecture of Iran to what extent have the capacity of considering the elements of culture and how it is possible to design programs considering the cultural subjects in the context of the current curriculum. This investigation is conducted in two main steps; the first step consists of investigating the curriculum of Basic Design Education in the undergraduate studies of architecture in Iran. Although all architectural schools in Iran follow the undergraduate program of architecture, approbated by High Council of Programing in Ministry of Science and Higher Educations, The main schools have the opportunity to do some changes in their programs. Therefore, the curricula of Basic Design education in three main schools of architecture of Iran are selected to be studied; University of Tehran (consisting of two separate curricula in two Ateliers, 5 and 6), Shahid Beheshti University, and Iran University of Science and Technology. This investigation shows up four different syllabi for basic design studies which are mostly so similar. Comparing these syllabi determines twelve main subjects for basic design education which has been concerned as the main subjects for current research. The second step is dedicated to studying the definition of ‘culture’, and the components of culture based on ideas and notions of cultural theoreticians in Iran. According to this study, Iranian culture has three major components which are ‘world-view and believes’, ‘history’ and ‘geography’. Each of these three components of Iranian culture consists of different subjects which can impact architecture. So, to do architecture in correspondence with cultural context, it is necessary to be familiar with these factors in the field of each cultural element. In final part, the syllabi of Basic Design Education is revised based on the practical detailed syllabi of culture which is determined according to the cultural subjects relevant to architecture. This revision is deducted through the Delphi method, questioning eight professors of Basic Design studios. The result shows that almost in all twelve syllabi of Basic Design Education, potential for considering the cultural components and the relevant subjects exist. Amongst Basic Design syllabi, some have higher capacity for considering cultural subjects. Thus by a precise editing of projects in Basic Design courses, architectural education can be formed more closely to the cultural fundamentals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Historicism in the Contemporary Iranian Architectural Compilation Books during 2000s
alireza joze piry Mehrdad Matin

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.14594

The subject of this research is the processing of historicism in the contemporary Iranian architectural works. Historical signs in architecture are the most prominent features of historicism in the contemporary context. This research begins with the question “How More

The subject of this research is the processing of historicism in the contemporary Iranian architectural works. Historical signs in architecture are the most prominent features of historicism in the contemporary context. This research begins with the question “How historicism is presented in contemporary architectural works?". It is assumed that history in contemporary architecture has presented itself with objective and subjective elements and has been crystallized in different ways. Also, the contemporary Iranian architectural works with a rich history of ancient architecture, are not exception for the acceptance of history in the contemporary world. Moreover, assuming that historicist practices allow the historical classification of the contemporary Iranian architectural compilations, these compilations must inevitably be placed in the identification model of the type of historicism.After processing the concept of historicism and periodization, the research provides a model for studying the works. Based on the views of Hegel and other architectural theorists such as Alan Colquhoun, this model classifies historicism into three types (Classical historicism, Symbolic historicism, and Philosophical). Colquhoun believes: historicism can be used for three things: The first one is an approach; the second is an artistic practice and the third is a theory of history. Attention to history leads to the emergence of historicism as a perceptible and analyzing process. A concept that, in a particularly, influential way in Hegel's philosophy, was found to be its clear and influential scheme and continued with various narratives in the next philosophical schools. Moreover, examining the periodization method of each work in the 2000s, this research conducts a thematic categorization and proceeds through the Hegelian historicism process, which is a method of doing historical research. “Periodization” is the separation of works and events in the form of occasional categories and styles. “Periodization” is a historical view and an attempt to express the “Zeitgeist”, Also is one of the main tools of historical studies. But using this tool has its own difficulties. Historical periodization, for historians, is a frequent controversy that implies the necessity of an agreement and often appears as a historic event. Analysis of the common periods and types of historicism is another aspect of this research for answering the research questions.This research is of qualitative type with an interpretive strategy that reflects the historical context of the architecture of Iran through a historical-critical approach. The selected case studies include contemporary Iranian architectural compilation works of the 2000s, which include a total of eight books attempting to determine the periodicity of the contemporary Iranian architectural works in various ways.The results of this paper show that historicism evaluated in the architectural works in the 2000s can be classified into six categories. In the study of various types of historicism, it was also found that there have been no compilations of classical historicism. In five works, symbolic historicism, and only in one book, philosophical historicism has been the criterion for determining the periodicity of the contemporary architectural works. There have been no signs of historicism in three works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Proposed Model of User Participation in Programming Process of the Community School (Case S‌tudy: Omolbanin Primary School at Mollasadra neighborhood in Isfahan)
leila afroozeh Mahmoud Reza Saghafi

Today, community participation is a topic that has been considered globally, especially in the field of architecture programming. Participatory approaches in architecture have been noticed during the las‌t two decades. Many s‌tudies show that paying attention to the use More

Today, community participation is a topic that has been considered globally, especially in the field of architecture programming. Participatory approaches in architecture have been noticed during the las‌t two decades. Many s‌tudies show that paying attention to the users' demands increases the chance of success in a design, because they are more aware of their needs than those who look situated outside of the s‌tory. A few research, have s‌tudied users' participation during the process of school design. Lack of knowledge about the benefits of this approach and the limitation of funds are the reasons that this approach has not been considered by responsible organizations in our country.The dissatisfaction of mos‌t users about school architecture and its disability to fulfill some of the educational needs in mos‌t of the schools shows the importance of utilizing this approach in Iran. Nowadays there is a gap between opinion of school users and its planners (and or designers). So it seems essential that school programming should achieve by accompany of the community. The aim of this s‌tudy is to reach to participatory programming of the community school and presentation of users' participation, as a proposed model. In this regard, the users' opinion of Omolbanin primary school and residents of the Mollasadra neighborhood has been used by participatory tools; including participatory groups (parents, teachers & s‌tudents), interview and ques‌tionnaire (13 ques‌tionnaire by teachers & 87 ques‌tionnaire by parents & residents). In the firs‌t s‌tage, two ques‌tionnaires were set up. The number of completed ques‌tionnaires by teachers was 13. Of the 272 dis‌tributed ques‌tionnaires, between parents and residents, 103 completed ques‌tionnaires were delivered to the authors. Of these, 16 were not credible. Therefore, according to 87 ques‌tionnaires, information on architectural programming was obtained, such as identifying the needs of the community and identifying the shortages at the school and neighborhood. After analyzing and evaluating the ques‌tionnaire, the process of participation began through team working. These workshops were divided into three groups of parents, teachers and s‌tudents. Each workshop was began with a brief overview of the goals and displaying photos of successful schools, trying to break down the usual forms of participants' mental imagery. At the main s‌tage, they were asked to describe the elements of their desirable school with details, which resulted in the extraction of codes through relations of spaces and physical elements. According to the extracted codes at each s‌tage and the matching of the participants' planning ideas with the educational environment criteria, the architectural programming table was set. This qualitative research using a descriptive-analytical method for data analysis, and a library method, as well as interview and ques‌tionnaire in field survey as tools for data collection. The findings leads to setting the table based on received factors. The result of this s‌tudy is presentation of the proposed model of user participation in programming process of the community school that it can be effective in recognizing the actual needs of users and increasing user satisfaction in learning environment design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Evaluating the Influence of Infill Architecture Criteria on the Design of Cultural Spaces
Sedigheh Ghazanfarian Reza Naghdbishi Neda Ziabakhsh

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.15623

Neglecting to urban texture and current context by recent unidentified constructions has made image distress of the cities and caused the visual rupture. In modernism, the sight of mono-building got the priority and caring about its affiliation with context has paled an More

Neglecting to urban texture and current context by recent unidentified constructions has made image distress of the cities and caused the visual rupture. In modernism, the sight of mono-building got the priority and caring about its affiliation with context has paled and forgotten. Hence cities have visual chaos and these unfamiliar contradictions express the textures anonymity. Empty spaces or worthless rusty buildings need to be replaced with new buildings that are homogeneous with architecture and cultural identity of texture. Infill buildings should be designed according to the context components to be a part of the context in addition to being independent. Appropriate use of these spaces in historical texture and creation of cultural and social uses will cause the revival, preservation and deployment of region identity, eke cultural and economic interaction continuity of habitation. Identification of promotion factors of qualitative in the design of cultural spaces by using the indicators of infill architecture due to achievement of the designing solution is the aim of this study. Lead to proceed the conceptual modelling resulted from analysis in principal variables of research according to effective indicators on the formation of the research variables by descriptive-analytical method from gathered data. Then, it proceeds analyzing and evaluating the case studies that are searched and selected specifically in the field of this research, then testing; and quantifying of resulted indicators from studies that are structured in conceptual model of research; and eventually, prioritize the components of subject are identified through the quantifying and scoring based on Likert scale. Finally, after survey and analysis, six principal criterions and thirty-six sub-indicators are achieved; which required solutions according to prioritized results are presented. Among the most important indicators of infill architecture can mention such as social and cultural uses, multifunctional space, proper orientation, consonance of form and unifying lines, and eke creation of multipurpose space, spatial diversity, pause space and hierarchy. These results will considerably help to the achievement process of desirable solutions. The presented designing solutions are adoptable with the condition of a customizable context, expansion and optimization; which are specifically for this study and if the context design changes, prioritization and solutions also would be changed. Studying in this field can identify the influential component of designing procedure valuable contexts considering the context condition and also intended usage, and create a link between scientific theories and designing category. This study considers the solutions for variable of infill architecture, to reach the design to a standard result (form and function); and also designing solutions for variables of cultural spaces, to reach the utmost cultural desirable space according to present site location. Based on the results, considering the mentioned solutions will follow the identifying and use of components of infill architecture moreover its solutions for designing, for quality promotion of cultural spaces, and eke, attainment to the standard design and stable form, coherent structure consonant with the texture, and likewise, creation a desirable urban image, continuous cultural and local identity, more active economic and safety in the texture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Explanation of the Place’s Social‌ Sustainability Pattern with the Aim of Improving the Quality of Place in Educational Spaces
Nasibeh Badri Benam Mir Saeed Moosavi Akbari Namdar Shabnam Soleyman Iranzadeh

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.15019

Nowadays, with the emergence of instabilities and their numerous disadvantages hindering the path of development and progress, the paradigm of stability has to the picture and one of the concepts discussed in the paradigm of durability – stability – is the S More

Nowadays, with the emergence of instabilities and their numerous disadvantages hindering the path of development and progress, the paradigm of stability has to the picture and one of the concepts discussed in the paradigm of durability – stability – is the Social Durability, which directs attention toward the demands and qualitative reactions of individuals to the present space. The general interest in the subject of durability and stability which has turned into a strong trend in the contemporary architecture of the world demands a kind of critical reassessment to expurgate and augment the dialog of durability in architecture. In an architectural scale, durability discusses space; therefore, architectural space plays an important role in shaping human behaviors and actions, it plays the role of an institution and a socially acceptable resource. If space bears a meaningful quality, it will change into a specific kind of space which is intertwined with human norms and values and thus is called a place. The qualitative factors refer to social durability and effect spatial quality to be raised, as well as fitting within the limitations of the concept of “place”, are well known as factors of place durability; which means that the place can handle challenges and problems and adequately react to outside changes. Higher education, as a scientific institution, is obliged to train the skilled workforce in order to attain coordination with the daily changes in our country. Research shows a link between educational quality and human-environment connection. Consequently, achieving social durability of place in educational space is imperative. This research is carried out with the goal of demonstrating the factors of social durability of place and presenting its pattern in architectural educational spaces in the form of developmental and applied research, using an elemental analysis procedure and considering the influential role of a server. Data collection was carried out in two procedures: library and free and in qualitative and quantitative phases. The research was limited to the Architecture Department of the Islamic Art University of Tabriz and sampling was performed in two fundamental combinational procedures: random and deliberate. The results of this research show that the social durability of the place is influenced by a variety of factors which overall, are there to supply the requirements of the servers; and these factors are dependent on each other and to supply them, all factors are required. Also, the results demonstrate and illustrate the effects of six factors on the durability of place: 1)- functional proportions of space (the accordance of demands and the framework conditions of space), 2)- place identity and social interactions, 3)- legibility and proportions of background, 4)- liveliness and visual aesthetics, 5)- comfort of the environment 6) -providing welfare which are all influential.  To conclude, the results reveal and determine that resolving the physiological necessities and the need for safety and security were the prior importance for students, in compare with the resolution of needs for attachment and cognitive and aesthetic issues were second place importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Evaluation of the Effect of Applied Research Design on the Process of Architectural Design Studios(Case Study: Design 1 of Architecture’s Students, Master Degree)
Sima Rezaei Ashtiani Jamal-e-Din MahdiNejad

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.14214

Research by design is an appropriate and also necessary approach for future architectural design. This article deals with the relationship between research and architectural design process. The purpose of this research is to use applied one, to create the interaction be More

Research by design is an appropriate and also necessary approach for future architectural design. This article deals with the relationship between research and architectural design process. The purpose of this research is to use applied one, to create the interaction between theory, practice and optimize the learning process. This research is a practical way of how to use design in research, and it attempts is to answer the question how research is conducted to maximize the use of information or data collected also how does this method affect the quality of student's performance during the design process. The paper attempts to collect data on research on architecture and the relationship between research and the design process in various sources also interpretation that different designers and researchers have done, and to analyze and summarize previous studies, a model for applying research in the training architectural design was achieved then examined this method in the course of architectural design education. This model can provide a new insight into the relationship between research and design process of architecture. In order to apply the type of research in the model, Milburn & Brown classification were used and intrinsic research, case studies and combined studies were investigated in different groups.The test was carried out using a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical target in this study can be used to encompass all architecture students who are undergoing architecture design course. In this method, the dependent variable was measured one time before the independent variable was manipulated, and again after. In this research, independent variable, proposed design process and dependent variable, design quality and student performance. The data of the study were gathered by qualified judge panel using functional evaluation and scoring method. The test of this model was carried out at the architecture studio.In this study, 48 master degree students has been analyzes in two semester. The work of students in different groups as well as their projects with them was evaluated and compared five times in different stages of the design process, in order to compare student design performance and design quality. The student's assessment scores were analyzed by ANOVA test. The findings of this study indicates that superiority of using combined research in this specific model. Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant different between the groups that were based on the designed model and the test group showed better performance and quality of students projects based on this model. In selecting the type research, the mean sources of the case group were higher than the library, and the significant difference between the combined group with the library group and case study indicates the superiority of using the combined research. Another issue was the type of that, according to Kolb’s learning classification, learning in the control group is through the learning by experiencing; in the library study group, learning by thinking and in the case group, it was conducted through learning by observation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - A Comparative Study of the Relationship among Architecture, Consumption, and Culture in the Houses of Old and New Fabric of the City of Hamedan
Sima Khazaiyan Mohsen Niazi Ali Omrani Pour

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.15655

Culture, as an abstract object, is appeared by things and human behavior. Cultural values and cultural patterns are reflected in behavior, style of internal and external spaces of the houses. Houses as cultural objects are the tools for representation of culture; So, th More

Culture, as an abstract object, is appeared by things and human behavior. Cultural values and cultural patterns are reflected in behavior, style of internal and external spaces of the houses. Houses as cultural objects are the tools for representation of culture; So, they are not only spaces, but places introduce our cultural feeling, opinion and values. The way of using, the feeling and the consumption of the spaces of houses, gives cultural meaning to the spaces. In relationship among architecture, culture and consumption, culture rehabilitate itself by buildings as a corporeal tools and consumption of residents as a behavioral and cultural action because architecture and consumption are the tools of culture representation. The research has two main questions: A) How does culture cause consumption diversity and different perception from the spaces of the houses in 2 different urban fabric in Hammedan? B) How does culture represent itself by the form of buildings and consumption behavior of the residents of these houses? In otherwise, how the building elements act in different cultures. Qualitative and field effective methods are used for investigating these questions. The samples for this survey are from the local residents of Haji (old fabric) and the local residents of Ostadan (new fabric) in the city of Hammedan. So, 14 houses were selected from the Haji and 13 houses were selected from Ostadan district as the cases of this study. This study has two main parameters:1. Architecture, as a physical and objective matter, 2. Cultural consumption which is the usual behavior and habit of people, as a human matter. The data collection methods are interview, observation and photography: Physical-spatial elements are studied by observation and usual behavior and habits such as eating, sleeping are studied by interview. The observation is developed by studying the photos taken through the inspections of internal spaces of both group of houses. The interview in this research is a deep interview with open questions from the residents of the random selected houses. Data analysis methods are used to describe concepts. Data achieved through the interviews are categorized according to abundance of the answers and conceptualized. The categories are the main and common meaning of the residents in each urban district. These data is compared with data achieved through the observation. The comparison reflects the relation among architectural spaces of the houses and the cultural consumption of the residents of these houses. The results of this study show that how different cultural structure in both new and old fabric has made differences to the way of attitude and valuation of residents such as difference in style of interior design and arrangement, guest room and the quality of reception, WC, kitchen style, having private space and different styles of house. A house is the base point and involves primary data to be seen and sensed to make meaning for human. So, a house as a sign can betoken different meanings. Many potential meanings are involved in a sign and people interpret it according to each cultural context. Culture, as an abs tract object, is appeared by things and human behavior. Cultural values and patterns are reflectedin behavior, s tyle of internal and external spaces of the houses. Houses as cultural objects are the tools forrepresentation of culture. Therefore, they are not only spaces, but places introduce our cultural feeling, opinion, andvalues. Ways to use, opportunities to the consumption of the spaces of houses, gives cultural meaning to the areas.In relationship among architecture, culture, and consumption, culture rehabilitates itself by buildings as a physicaltools and consumption of residents as a behavioral and cultural manner because architecture and consumption arethe tools of cultural representation. The research has two main ques tions: the firs t one is to know how) do culturecauses consumption diversity and different perceptions from the spaces of the houses in two different urban fabricsin Hamedan? Secondly, how does culture represent itself by the form of buildings and consumption behaviorof the residents of these houses? Otherwise, the building elements act in different cultures. Qualitative and fieldeffective methods are used for inves tigating these ques tions. The samples for this survey obtain from the residentsof Haji (old fabric) and the residents of Os tadan (new fabric) in the city of Hamedan. Consequently, as a case s tudy,14 houses were selected from the Haji and 13 houses were selected from the Os tadan. This s tudy has two mainparameters: 1. Architecture, as a physical and objective matter, 2. Cultural consumption, which is the usual behaviorand people's habit, as a human matter. The data collection methods are interviews, observation and photography.Physical-spatial elements are s tudied by observation usual behavior, and habits such as eating and sleeping s tudiedby interview. The observation is developed by s tudying the photos taken through the inspections of the internalspaces of both groups of houses. The interview in this research is a serious interview with open ques tions from theresidents of the randomly selected houses. Data analysis methods are usable description concepts. Data achievedthrough the interviews categorized according to the abundance of the answers and conceptualized. The categoriesare the main and primary meaning of the residents in each urban dis trict. This data is compared with data gainedthrough the observation. The comparison reflects the relationship among architectural spaces of the houses and thecultural consumption of the residents of these houses. As a result, this s tudy shows how different cultural s tructurein both new and old fabric has made diversities to the way of attitude and valuation of residents such as differencein s tyle of interior design and arrangement, gues t room and the quality of reception, WC, kitchen s tyle, havingprivate space and different s tyles of house. A house is the significant point and involves primary data to be seen andsensed to make meaning for humans. Thus, a house can betoken different meanings. Many potential meanings areinvolved in a sign and people interpret it to each cultural context. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Architecture student’s learning styles: a comparison between continuous Bachelor and discontinuous Bachelor Degree in Universities of Hamedan province
Shirin Gooran Manouchehr Foroutan Omid Dejdar

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.15939

In the definition of education, it can be said that the professional activities of the teacher are called "education". It is said that the set of activities and efforts are made to clarify the topic of learning that is planned by the trainer and that there is an interac More

In the definition of education, it can be said that the professional activities of the teacher are called "education". It is said that the set of activities and efforts are made to clarify the topic of learning that is planned by the trainer and that there is an interaction between the trainer and the trainer or the recipients. Recognizing and understanding different learning styles is an important factor in improving the learning process and preventing talents and aptitudes from declining and wasting away. On the other hand, coordination between the learner and the teacher through various learning styles and educational plans can boost the training and help the learner with his/her educational achievements. This aim of this study was to investigate and compare the different learning styles of two academic groups, namely the students of continuous undergraduate program (4-year bachelor) and the students of discontinuous undergraduate program (2-year associate+2-year bachelor), in the field of architecture in the universities of Hamedan Province based on academic performance and gender. These universities included the state universities (Bu-Ali Sina and Malayer), the branches of Islamic Azad University Hamedan, Malayer, Bahar and Asadabad Branchs and the private universities (Science and Culture University, Civil & Tosee and Hegmataneh) which were active during academic year 2017-2018. The methodology was causal-comparative. Questionnaires (Kolb’s LSI) were used for collection of the required data and the chi-squared test was used for analysis of the collected data. Statistical operations were performed on a total number of 309 persons and 19 individuals exited the sample population. Then, the questionnaires were redistributed in a number of universities to improve the quality of the study. SPSS software was used for analysis of the data collected via the questionnaires. Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the components of learning styles questionnaire. The results of Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between the components of learning style. Also, the average score of the educational units passed by the students was decided to comprise the academic performance index. The results indicated that the assimilation learning style had the highest (31.7%) frequency and the divergent learning style had the lowest (15.9%) one. Also, a significant difference was found between the learning styles of the students of continuous and dissentious BS programs as well as between the learning styles of different universities. The students of continuous undergraduate program had the highest frequency in the assimilation learning style and the lowest in the divergent learning style. On the other hand, the students of discontinuous undergraduate program had the highest frequency in the accommodation learning style and the lowest in the divergent learning style. However, no significant difference was found between different genders and students. Based on the results, it is recommended that different subsidiary courses and curricula be designed and implemented in the undergraduate program to help motivate students and improve their talents and a more comprehensive introduction be offered to applicants prior to entering the field of architecture to better familiarize them with the artistic aspect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Analysis and Evaluation of the Cultural Methods` Performance of the Basic Architectural Principles in Iran Society
Mojgan Salehahangar Said Tizghaalam Zonuzi , Mehrdad Javidi Nejad

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.17340

Today, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, accord More

Today, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, according to the tastes and welcome of employers and designers, based on foreign examples, in the corners of our cities and views. However, in the field of residential architecture, we see the construction of buildings that are under the rule of the economic view of the city and architecture and to become more profitable, cultural, social, and natural features of its construction completely ignored and regardless of various cultural characteristics The different ethnic groups of Iran, in all the vast and diverse areas of the land of Iran, are made the same and uniform. Undoubtedly, the effect of cultural patterns on human artifacts in lands that are the origin of ancient civilizations and cultures, which have a longer life history, due to during the time and the impact of various historical, social, economic, and natural factors. The plateau of Iran with more than a few thousand years of history in civilization and life in its cultural and natural areas is one of these lands. Because of its inherent nature, the field of architecture has a two-way interaction between architects and people. Explaining cultural methods and examining their weaknesses and strengths is the first step in teaching the basic principles of architecture to the general public, an important hub of control and supervision of proper construction. The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate the current performance of cultural methods of basic principles of architecture in Iranian society. This article is applied in a methodological approach, the mixture of quantitative-qualitative. First, they are explained by library studies of architectural principles and methods of cultural indexation, and then the current performance of these methods is expressed with quantitative evidence, in the language of statistics. The statistical population of this study has been chosen from Tehran according to cultural diversity. The results of the research indicate that people are very interested in learning about the importance of architecture, although the current performance of cultural institutions in this field is weak. Public participation is a highly effective method. Visual media and cyberspace are low-cost and high-speed. Paying attention to the public issue and trying to solve it is not possible without public participation. Intellectuals and people of culture must work to raise the level of awareness of the people and the country to develop and excel, and if the level of awareness and culture of the people increases, the people will recognize the issues from each other and will be aware of their rights. It is hoped that the general public will become more aware of the basic principles of architecture and that the public, as one of the most influential nuclei, will require builders and architects to adhere more closely to the principles of architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The impact of physical differences between traditional and company houses on the lifestyle of people in Abadan (A case study of traditional and company houses in the time period of 1390-1357 AH)
Fatemeh Motaghedi Vida Taghvaei Mohamad Ebrahim Mazhary

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.16584

AbstractStatement of the Problem : The living space of a person , from the house to the neighborhood and the city , shows his / her beliefs and the way of life . Research on the relationship between lifestyle and physical living space of the people , has opened the door More

AbstractStatement of the Problem : The living space of a person , from the house to the neighborhood and the city , shows his / her beliefs and the way of life . Research on the relationship between lifestyle and physical living space of the people , has opened the door to an interdisciplinary discussion that is related to anthropology and sociology , on the one hand , and to the physical and semantic characteristics of the home on the other . If we consider lifestyle beyond everyday life and home beyond physical and meaningful features , we can consider that a person’s lifestyle influences his / her shaping of his / her house , and on the other hand , the physical shape and form of the house that he/she lives in it will be affected ; an effect which is continuous . Now, if this person settled in a pre-arranged house (as what happened in Abadan after the oil industry), the sequence of the influence imposed on the lifestyle and the type of housing will be cut off and another kind of connection will be established between the person and his/her place of residence.Research question : What physical differences did the residents of Abadan’s corporate homes experience in the new housing , and which components affected their lifestyle ?Purposes of the research : By reflecting on the concept of lifestyle, this study will try to explain the relationship between the characteristics of the lifestyle and the shape of the residence and examine the relationship between the two. In this way, it will investigate the impact of the lifestyle of the people of Abadan on the shape of imported housing and urban development, which was established after the establishment of the refinery and at the same time appeared with the formation of the new city of Abadan.Methodology : The research method for data collection in this research is the method of documentary and library studies and a qualitative strategy will be used to analyze the relationship between the house and the lifestyle of the residents and also to compare the samples. Also, this research is a fundamental-applied research , in which the methods of interpretation and correlation have been used as the strategy and method of research.The most important findings and conclusion : According to the research results , the lifestyle of the people of Abadan has been affected by the shape of the different houses , in which they have been housed , in a way that their lifestyle has changed significantly as compared to their lifestyle before settling in this city and the physical space of the new housing have clearly influenced the habits , the social relations and the livelihoods of the residents ; hence by influencing their cultural , economic and social capital , their consumption patterns , behavioral patterns , tastes , leisure time and social roles have been changed , too.Keywords: Lifestyle ; Architecture ; Housing ; Abadan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Identifying architecture graduates’ social, personal and educational barriers for playing an effective role in society
arash abinama mohsen kameli cyrus bavar

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.18025

University, a source of science production, can play an important role in the development of society in economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. If universities and training centers do not succeed in this endeavor, a gap between what students learn and the More

University, a source of science production, can play an important role in the development of society in economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. If universities and training centers do not succeed in this endeavor, a gap between what students learn and the needs of the professional environment will emerge. Also, playing the effective role of architects in society is an essential issue. However, architecture graduates do not have a proper perspective of their professional future, and despite their theoretical knowledge, they face many obstacles in society. We are now in an age where we are witnessing drastic changes in the labor market. This deprives the persons’ job security, assurance, and expands the range of skills that he needs to learn in order to enter the professional environment. To promote Iranian architecture education, efforts have been made by researchers in the form of histories and reviews of curriculum units, but it is not reviewed to know what are the barriers ahead graduates to play an effective, and professional role. Therefore, investigating, in this case, is very important and necessary for entrepreneurship, skills training, and the development of cooperation between universities, industry, and the promotion of architectural education. This article identifies the barriers and related important parameters. It tries to identify the educational problems, difficulties, and development of teachers’ education, more effective educational programs and promoting students' learning to adapt to the professional environment in society. In this research, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been used. Therefore, using the method of analytical-exploratory research deals with this issue. First, using the Delphi method and qualitative analysis by MAXQDA, a questionnaire was prepared for surveying architecture graduates and specialists, and 384 people were selected as the sample of this study by Cochran test. Then the answers to the questionnaire were quantitatively analyzed using factor analysis by SPSS and parallel analysis. Findings show that after the final rotation of research indices by the Varimax method, correlated indices were placed in all three categories. The first category includes items Q5, Q18, and Q8 with a factor loading of 0.804, -0.736, 0.498, and the second category includes items Q12, Q4, and Q17 with a factor loading of 0.735, 0.732, 456. The third category includes items, Q3, Q11, Q9, and Q16 with a factor loading of 0.606, 0.602, -0.510, -0.444. The names of educational and skill barriers, social and cultural barriers, individual and psychological barriers, were selected for the factors, after interpreting the nature of the related indicators. Finally, it is found that these three barriers are ahead of architecture graduates and their important factors are: lack of practical training and soft skills, lack of proper business model, and credentialism. Research and presentation of various solutions in the field of all indicators of the three barriers, especially the final indicators, is very important and can be the issue of starting future research and can be used by major policymakers of higher education, architecture researchers, university professors, students, and Entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The effect of sensory architecture components on increasing the level of routing and finding people with disabilities in railway transportation station spaces. (Case study: Mehrabad Airport Metro Station)
sanaz haghshenas Nasim Khanloo

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.65000.12144

Designing the rail transport station spaces to facilitate routing is a crucial and complex responsibility in architecture. Some problems in the design of these spaces are the biggest obstacles to the presence of disabled individuals . in social activities. The present s More

Designing the rail transport station spaces to facilitate routing is a crucial and complex responsibility in architecture. Some problems in the design of these spaces are the biggest obstacles to the presence of disabled individuals . in social activities. The present study was aimed investigate and explain the role of sensory-based architecture components in routing-orientation of railway transport station spaces, as an approach in promoting and facilitating this process for the disabled. The methodology of the research was descriptive-analytical and correlation. The research area is Tehran metro stations and its statistical population was station users. The research sample was Mehrabad airport station and 246 users of this station were selected using purposive random sampling. The data were collected by both library and field methods. The components that facilitate routing-orientation and their instances were identified and extracted through the study and review of theoretical discussions on the research issue and face-to-face and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made illustrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by creating specific sensory conditions. The results showed that the motor components with a coefficient (0.810) had the highest impact in facilitating the routing process of disabled individuals. Physical components with coefficient (0.532), visual components with coefficient (0.460) and important signs with coefficient (0.271), also had a positive and significant effect on the routing orientation process of the people with disability. It was found that the most influential were the motor components, which indicate that routing depends on horizontal and vertical communication elements and how these elements are combined in the design of the routing process. Thus, the circulation system should be designed as its elements can be easily identified and designed based on the movement patterns of people with different abilities based on sensory components. In this regard, visual and informational emphasis on the location of stairs, elevators and their placement is of great importance. Design hierarchies and how to combine routes and intersections, nodes in them, how to access the outside, input and output, etc. , designing spaces with characters with special sensory characteristics (such as nostalgic sensory station design, child-oriented sensory station, elderly-oriented sensory station, memory-based sensory station, etc.),design the routes of intercity and suburban travel converter stations to understand the levels and platforms of passengers ‘ route change and entry and exit routes by understanding the geographical location of the ground to reduce the confusion sense of passengers (airport-railway), emphasis on designing each station uniquely and avoidance of repetition in designs and use of various materials for each station, etc. can be good solutions. Physical and visual components have a significant impact on facilitating the routing process. In station spaces that are mainly designed in the basement or closed spaces, the central openings (void, atrium, central courtyard, etc.) as intermediate and key destinations can be an important factor in marking and reducing distractions and can lead to better navigation and orientation. Various architectural visual components such as light, color, shape can be used to emphasize routing goals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Perception of constructionist learning environment in design workshops based on cognitive ability
Farhad Karvan

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.68350.12237

Attention to abilities as cognitive sciences in this study was very important. First, the principle that education is not merely focused on knowledge transfer, but on the actual learning of learners, attention should be paid to cognitive and non-cognitive abilities; Sec More

Attention to abilities as cognitive sciences in this study was very important. First, the principle that education is not merely focused on knowledge transfer, but on the actual learning of learners, attention should be paid to cognitive and non-cognitive abilities; Second, cognitive science emphasizes the activity and perception of learners of the learning environment in the educational process.Constructivist educators designed classroom learning environments based on the principles and assumptions of constructivism.In designing classroom learning environments based on the principles and assumptions of constructivism, attention should be paid to student-related cognitive processes. The purpose of this study was to explain the perception of constructive learning environment based on the cognitive ability of architecture students in teaching design workshops. The method of this research was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study was 600 students of architecture students of Hamedan Technical and Vocational University. A sample of 120 people was selected using GPower software. Constructivist learning environment and cognitive abilities questionnaires were used to collect information. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were calculated to analyze the data. Simultaneous regression results showed that social cognition ability and non-social cognition ability had a positive and significant role in predicting perception of learning environment. From the dimensions of non-social cognition ability, only decision-making, planning, sustained attention and cognitive flexibility had a positive and significant role in predicting perception of the learning environment. Inhibitory memory and control and selective attention did not play a significant role in predicting perception of constructive learning environment. Whereas in a constructive learning environment, emphasis is placed on teaching itself rather than on how it is taught; Therefore, this training is guided in two contexts of learning and focusing on the student's cognitive ability is emphasized. The required level of scotting is also provided by the learner in two stages of scotting with the instructor with challenging activities and scotching. Given that the real world often presents complex issues and situations to learners, educational environments should provide learners with such issues and situations. At the same time, educators should strive to teach learners the ability to deal appropriately with complex environments.Based on the research findings, the importance of social and non-social cognition abilities on perception of constructive learning environment was proved; Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested that these variables be seen and emphasized in educational planning, and if necessary, they should be taught with the help of psychological and educational strategies. It is also necessary that a coherent and comprehensive training protocol and program be developed to improve and improve cognitive and non-cognitive abilities in the context of experimental and experimental research. Also, considering that constructivism-based education emphasizes most of the cognitive efficiencies of student learning, so teachers should use this educational method as one of the effective teaching-learning strategies to design and draw architectural plans. Instructors can use functional assignments based on cognitive ability as a teaching strategy in different stages of education. These programs provide instruction for educators to enhance learners' learning in all cognitive-non-cognitive abilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The Representation of Architectural Space in Painting with a Layered Semiotic Approach (Case Study: Iran Darroudi artworks)
Ensieh Vali Siamak Panahi Manouchehr Foroutan Hossein Ardalani

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2023.69467.12266

Interdisciplinary studies linking art, philosophy, and theories of contemporary semiotics have opened a new path and vision to art explorations. The significance of meaning in artworks caused other disciplines to appear in art studies. This transformation implied that m More

Interdisciplinary studies linking art, philosophy, and theories of contemporary semiotics have opened a new path and vision to art explorations. The significance of meaning in artworks caused other disciplines to appear in art studies. This transformation implied that meaning in artworks is not an objective and evident component, requiring interpretation and analysis. Meaning can be transferred between different artistic media. Studying the relationship between architecture and painting is considered an essential interdisciplinary field of research. Architectural space is a media manifesting as a painting in its interaction with the artist.These studies have raised a profound understanding of the artwork's meaning. In addition, providing a scientific knowledge of art has made them well known. Moreover, there is a need for interdisciplinary comprehension of art with social and human approaches. The present article aims to examine the role of architectural space in the creation of paintings with an emphasis on interdisciplinary studies. The main question is, "considering painting a text entailing semiotic codes, what semantic approaches to architectural space can affect it through profound exploration of the spatial layers, and how can a painting be read? ".The general justification of this article is to explain and describe the relationship between architecture and other types of art, especially painting.Although architectural structures and spaces are a combination of applied and functional approaches, they can be studied as artworks to yield an interactive synergy between their aesthetic and semantic layers concerning other subcategories of art, such as painting. Moreover, in the next step, the paper discusses the meaning layers of the space in artists' minds. When painting, the artist detaches from the real world, reaching a clearer understanding of the mind's reality through an experimental journey.This mental projection involves new manifestations of spatial visualization within the image.The article used a qualitative approach to research based on an interdisciplinary study of architecture and painting. In the first section, spatial codes are embedded in different layers according to the space approach; then, a theoretical framework is introduced based on layered semiotics to read the spatial implications of the case studied.Given the apparent representation of architectural space in Iran Darroudi's artworks, we have selected her paintings (Everlasting Marriage; Steadfastness; Stupor of the Plain and Thirst of Desert) and collected primary data using a library-survey method.The results showed that the architectural space, transformed into a system of meaningful places for the artist, can be manifested in the painting as spatial codes. The painter expresses her idea of the urban space in spatial signs in the form of isotopia, heterotopia, or utopia, which can be read in syntagmatic layers.In the textual and media layers, the physical reading of space is matched with the architectural typology method. In a principled correlation, spatial approaches are decoded in the code and text layer. Finally, spatial-phenomenological relations are identified from the painter's existential space in the intertextuality-coding layer. These may be read in textual, intertextuality, and coding layers, as well as semiotics, phenomenology, and typology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - The role of "imagination" in identifying places in architecture ( Case study of Saqez Do menare mosque)
nasseh yousefi assadollah Shafizadeh Mohammad Reza Pakdel Fard

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.56689.11892

The word "Imagination" has been introduced in different meanings in different sciences. Imagination is one of the special abilities of human beings, which includes a significant field in Islamic philosophy and wisdom. And can play an important role in the analysis, cogn More

The word "Imagination" has been introduced in different meanings in different sciences. Imagination is one of the special abilities of human beings, which includes a significant field in Islamic philosophy and wisdom. And can play an important role in the analysis, cognition and creation of many phenomena; To guide man to the land of the unknown and truths with imagination and mental abilities.Also, in relation to the subject of the place of research, many different psychological, phenomenological, etc. angles have been done;Place is the mathematical space that has meaning. The place derives its identity and validity from the meanings and concepts that the observer and its user cultivate in their minds. These concepts include several factors such as: physical and physical factors of the place, human behaviors formed in it and finally the mental events of observers and users. Imagination is one of the most important human abilities that with its abilities, it can create many mental events in order to identify the place. In connection with the word "fantasy" in philosophy, valuable topics can be found in various ways. It has been researched with various approaches such as Eastern and Western views as well as views of various religious sources and sciences. Man's presence in space, his data and sensory perceptions, his experience of space, his fantasies and imagination, his presuppositions and presuppositions, and even his mental myths and legends are discussed. By examining the past works of architecture and urban planning, one can see the traces of the manifestation of the world of illusion and imagination in works of art.in this study, the "Domnareh" mosque from the valuable and old buildings of the Afshari period in the ancient city of Saqez was selected as a case study in relation to the subject of research and was analyzed and evaluated.In this article, we want to answer the following questions: What is the role of imagination and fantasy in identifying and giving meaning to a place? And to what extent can the imaginative minds of designers before design, and users after execution, be effective in giving meaning to a place?The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of "imagination" in identifying space in architecture. The research method is mixed. The number of samples in the qualitative section is 15 articles and 9 experts in urban architecture and experts were selected from the method of targeted sampling of resources and snowballs. Samples were selected in the quantitative part for the Demetel technique based on the snowball method. For interpretation in the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used to extract the themes from MAXQDA12 software. In a small part of the Demitel technique, Excell software was used. The results showed that the place derives its identity and validity from the meanings and concepts that the observer and its user cultivate in the mind. Imagination is one of the most important human capabilities that with its abilities, it can create many mental events in order to identify the place. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - The Study of Place Attachment Perception based on Identity Elements of Residential Building of the Pahlavi II Period between Citizens of Tehran
Masoumeh Gheimati Iraj Etessam Ali Alaie

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.51760.11727

Today, with the rise of technology and the dramatic increase in mass communication, human definitions of psychological and cognitive issues have largely changed hands. Spatial identity is one of these concepts related to environmental sciences, particularly architecture More

Today, with the rise of technology and the dramatic increase in mass communication, human definitions of psychological and cognitive issues have largely changed hands. Spatial identity is one of these concepts related to environmental sciences, particularly architecture and urban planning. The role of emotions and semantic relationships in shaping spatial identity is discussed and the effects of these include the creation of self-esteem and a sense of community. The identity of a place that has gradually developed over time will create an inextricable link between one's feelings and personal characteristics with the place in which one lives. The Second Pahlavi period was the beginning of the modern movement and the transformation of architectural styles into modern styles and presenting new patterns in it. This has led to the design and implementation of prominent and prominent architectural monuments, especially in residential architecture, which still has physical, semantic, and functional attractions after decades of implementation. In this regard and expressing the importance of spatial identity, this study seeks to read the citizens' mental perceptions of their spatial attachment based on the identity elements of the second Pahlavi era residential architecture. The main purpose of this research is to find out the mechanism and mechanisms that characterize the identity of the Pahlavi era residential architecture in the mind of today's citizens of Tehran. In other words, extracting the most critical mental paths of identity structures from these structures using structural equation modeling techniques is considered. To achieve this, the conceptual model of how to understand spatial attachment and spatial identity is explained and defined using a review of research literature and then by using a questionnaire survey method and equation modeling software. Structurally, this model has been examined. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, which is the main purpose of the analysis, investigation of the mechanism, and mechanism of formation of attachment to residential buildings of the second Pahlavi period. Data collection was done through both documentary and quantitative survey, using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of the present study were used by SPSS and Smartpls software using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the most critical path in shaping the factors related to spatial attachment in the buildings under consideration is in terms of perceptions of Tehranian citizens, the path of functional perceptions of Pahlavi architecture-spatial dependence-spatial identity-spatial attachment. Moreover, based on these findings, it seems that the first step in understanding the monuments in question is their functional properties, which in turn will influence the place-dependency factor in their mental imagery, and later stages of formation. Identity and place attachment lead. Therefore, it seems that efficiency and performance and meeting the expectations and needs of these buildings are the most important factors in creating the related variables of identity and attachment in citizens. The second path that has led to the formation and creation of spatial attachment in Tehranian citizens in the buildings under study is the semantic path of Pahlavi architecture-cultural capital-social understanding of Pahlavi architecture-spatial identity-spatial attachment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Analysis of inner peace in virtual reality experience based on the phenomenology of embodied perception of space (case study: design of a residential complex in Kish Island)
Mina Hasani Jamaledin Soheili Ali Akbari Hamid Nejat

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2024.74187.12365

Bringing living space design closer to space quality standards is one of the most important architectural issues. Considering the high volume of housing construction, the desirability of residential spaces is important and necessary. Testing the quality of the space bas More

Bringing living space design closer to space quality standards is one of the most important architectural issues. Considering the high volume of housing construction, the desirability of residential spaces is important and necessary. Testing the quality of the space based on its perceptual pseudo-experience during design and before construction is one of the mechanisms to achieve the desired architecture, which is possible for architects today with the help of virtual reality technology. With this aim, in the theoretical framework of the phenomenology of perception, in a quantitative way and with the test of the semantic differentiation scale, first eight components of the feeling of inner peace, including pleasure, interestingness, beauty, normality, calmness, wideness, openness and enjoyment of daylight, were counted. In this experimental perception test, 24 participants (12 women/12 men) rated 24 virtual rooms in eight experimental groups. The participants were randomly selected from people who intended to pre-purchase an apartment unit in Kish Island. The interior of the apartment under construction was renovated for them. For each visualized scene, space evaluation was done through a 45-second exploration interval. The resulting data were evaluated using the semantic difference scale technique. Also, the correlation of the variables was checked through the non-linear quadratic regression test. The findings from the analysis of the components of the perception of inner peace in the virtual reality experience, which in this study are the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the space, the attractiveness of the space, the beauty or ugliness of the space, normality or abnormality, calmness, the perceptual breadth of the space, openness to the outside and the enjoyment of daylight and It was sunlight, it indicates the meaningful relationships between them in a way that is in line with the real experience of the space and as if the people felt themselves present in the space. Also, the correlation diagram between the variables, especially in the case of the three characteristics of pleasantness, attractiveness and beauty, confirms this. In this study, the correlation between the living space characteristics of a residential unit and the experimental qualities attributed to them was studied quantitatively to measure the virtual experience of the perception of inner peace. The interaction of eight components with independent physical factors (floor materials, surface of openings, location, geometry and height of windows along with fixed height of space and fixed view outside) of a component-based description showed to be very effective for describing the variance observed in the ratings. The high level of correlation is particularly notable for the emotional and aesthetic rating categories, which cannot be trivially attributed to only one scene feature. Representation of designed scenes provides evidence for the importance of perceptual features in the experience of space in virtual reality. The current research has been carried out in the direction of generalizing and valuing spatial components in the design of a residential complex in the cultural/climatic context of Kish Island in Iran, so that a more successful design can be offered to users from this practical study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Analysis of Architectural students' Conceptual Sketches based on Systemic Thinking and Information Processing Styles in the Design Process
Farhad Karvan

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2024.72823.12338

Sketches are one of the manifestations of architectural education and tell the designer's cognitive power. In other words, visual representations in the form of sketches are the most important means of expressing ideas and generating concepts for designers and architect More

Sketches are one of the manifestations of architectural education and tell the designer's cognitive power. In other words, visual representations in the form of sketches are the most important means of expressing ideas and generating concepts for designers and architecture students. Examining the types and methods of drawing of design students shows that each of them uses a unique method and structure in drawing, and it is also a representation of mental ideas.Due to the wide use of hand-drawings in architecture, its growth and improvement are always the attention of designers. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to examine the factors related to it. Among the variables related to it is the cognitive power of the designer or architecture student in thinking and cognitive processing. Systemic thinking is a high-level thinking skill and one of the complex cognitive processes whose goal is to develop cognitive skills appropriate for the 21st century. Having systematic thinking along with understanding the relationships between social-environmental factors and variables gives students the power and the possibility to use learning opportunities optimally, therefore, students who have systemic thinking, the ability to understand the intricacies. In order to deal with it, it is necessary to examine the cognitive power of the designer or architecture student in thinking and cognitive processing. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between architectural students' conceptual sketches based on systemic thinking and information processing styles in the design process. The research method is a combination of quantitative (descriptive-correlation) and qualitative (analyzing samples of students' Sketches). The statistical population of this research included all students of the Faculty of Art and Architecture of Hamedan Universities. 162 students were selected as a sample in an accessible and purposeful way and answered the questionnaires of systemic thinking and information processing styles. Conceptual sketches were also evaluated by two judges. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and skewness statistics) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation and path analysis). The results showed that experimental processing style cannot predict conceptual diagrams, but rationalist processing style and systemic thinking can predict conceptual diagrams. According to the findings of the research, the importance of rational information processing style in the design process was proved; Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested to teach this type of information processing style in addition to design education programs in order to optimize architectural education and train designers and promote conceptual sketches. In line with this research finding, which shows the importance of systemic thinking in the design process; It is suggested to teach this type of thinking and processing style in educational planning, and since thinking is a system of complex cognitive processes, it can be taught with suitable and competent curricula. By implementing curricula based on systemic thinking, students can be helped to become knowledgeable, self-directed and innovative people. Acquiring systemic thinking skills in universities can be the basis for the development of systemic thinking and the ability to understand complexity to provide training in people Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Iranian Urbanism and Architecture during Transmission Period
Somayeh Ebrahimi, Seyed Gholamreza Islami,

Iran contemporary architecture is in a critical situation because our society is changing by industrialization, globalization and today by information revolution. Art and architecture have a great role to make our identity and society organization. Transmission from tra More

Iran contemporary architecture is in a critical situation because our society is changing by industrialization, globalization and today by information revolution. Art and architecture have a great role to make our identity and society organization. Transmission from traditional society to modern and then network society, have made many pleasant and unpleasant influences on our life style, behavior, collective wisdom and also on our physical world, environment, cities and buildings. Iranian society experienced transmission from traditional to modern society without any scientific, cultural, educational, artistic infrastructures. Today, emergence of network society, influenced every aspects of our life and have a great challenge by tradition and its rules. The transition term means changing from one status to another status that has been occurred during a period of time, creating new things and transforming many existent identities. Therefore, the transition era as an “indefinite period of time” is an effective and challenging period during our history. Studying this period of time can assist the societies to understand the changes in a better way and to reorganize all their infrastructures, thereby immune themselves against lack of development in all fields and its consequences.   Nowadays, The Iranian society faces with another transition to the network society for which some of the initial infrastructures underpinned by telecommunication and information technologies had been established. The raise of speed reduced the required time for occurring the eventualities and in contrast to the past that transition from agriculture to industry had taken many centuries, transition to electronic world and network society occurs in a shorter period of time. These changes occur so fast that failure to detect the status will face the societies with shocks and their consequences in the future. Sufficient knowledge and good plan for the predictable future can help the society to pass through the crises of transition period in all fields and benefited from changes in favor of all fields.   The first step of this research is to know about our situation and transmission era to make new sustainable structure for our societies and our physical world. In this article our focus is on Iran contemporary architecture, specially in the last decades. Technology and modernization have changed our physical world. Our cities have a great physical growth in the last three decades. Iran architecture today is suffering from abnormal, odd, unreasonable constructions which mostly have made by a confused society not architects. Illness of economy, unreasonable politics and programs make great disorders in the body of our cities. Today also we can find a few masterpieces of architecture which can make our identity in new era of modernization and globalization. the role of architecture in the world in which the borders are crossing out, traditional societies are demolishing, network societies are developing, reality and virtuality are extremely close together, collective intelligence is replacing individualism, patriarchy families are destructing, human bodies are equipping with electronic tools, environment is stepping forward toward destruction and resource depletion, information viruses are spreading, will be explained briefly in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Privacy in Traditional Architecture of Iran
Mohammad kazem Seyfiyan Mohammad reza Mahmoodi

The wealthy and elegant image of the traditional society is because of its spiritual attraction which incorporates all the images and patterns.The spiritual principles in the traditional architecture of Iran have based on cultural and ideological principles.Privacy as a More

The wealthy and elegant image of the traditional society is because of its spiritual attraction which incorporates all the images and patterns.The spiritual principles in the traditional architecture of Iran have based on cultural and ideological principles.Privacy as an important principle which affects all the sides of the human life has formed beautifully in the traditional architecture and had considerable affects on the spatial character and the way of formation of the various functions beside each other.This article is an attempt to find the Privacy and effective factors on it and declaring its basis and clarifying its affects on the spatial foundation in Iran’s traditional Architecture Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - The Role of Borderline-Hybrid Space in Signifying Process: Evaluation of Interpretation Potentiality of the Space Employing Semiotic Approach
Shervin Mirshahzadeh Seyed Gholamreza Eslami Alireza Einifar

 Considering aesthetic manifestation in architecture based on the local culture, is a matter of significance because it demystifies the mystery of the potentiality of the past architectural instances in impressing the observer and leading him to aesthetic experienc More

 Considering aesthetic manifestation in architecture based on the local culture, is a matter of significance because it demystifies the mystery of the potentiality of the past architectural instances in impressing the observer and leading him to aesthetic experience. In other words the way beauty has been manifested in Iranian architecture reveals some aesthetic qualities that will result in obsever’s spiritual pleasure. Thus recognizing the continual, polished and enriched characteristics of the space that bring about such an impression, is an issue that the present study is to investigate through the analysis of architectural evidences and through opening a new window .It is to achieve the aspects that are pleasant and enjoyable and can be reproducible.  Perception of beauty, as an issue resulted from the interaction of architectural space and observer, emphasizes the characteristics that make the space capable of impressing the observer and rousing aesthetics experience within him. The outcomes of the present research reveal that this concept has been manifested in Iranian architecture through creating borderline- hybrid spaces. These are the space that the present study is to reach their efficient and effective characteristics in terms of sensory, formal and symbolic values, applying semiotic approach. Parallel to that, architectural instances of Iran are analyzed from two aspects to recognize the functional characteristics of the space; first from the opposite view (facet) and then from the roof view (plan). Thus the turning point of the spatial structure of the architectural instances are examined in terms of form and space; the spaces that are considered as the signifying base according to semiotics. Then the mentioned spaces are analyzed from three aspects. First according to the used elements (whether natural and abstract) such as water, light, vegetation, breeze, sky, second according to form and space qualities, and then according to their functions in spatial interrelation of the whole complex. Therefore the factors which can involve the observer of the space in various levels of meaning in signifying process are investigated in this level of reading. Then to evaluate the maximum interpretation potentiality of the space in spatial instances of Iranian architecture, Chehel Sotoon palace and Eyvan-e-Hasht Behesht from the complex of historical places during the reign of  Saffavi in Isfahan are scanned. These are the spaces that are capable of involving the observer’s culture and world view in this level of interpretation. They can also provide the observer with more sublime level of meaning in semiotic reading of the space.  Thus the semiotic reading of the spatial instances of Iranian architecture depicts that employing natural, pseudo natural and abstract elements in space turning point not only creates a pleasant emotional experience for the observer but also, by using the tactic of metaphor and allegory, can elevate him from natural and material world through the signifying process and as a result of generating the possibility of watching an unreal subject offer a cause of wonder and thus provide the context for the emergence of a positive aesthetic experience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Analyzing the Role of Cinema on Critique of the Modern Urbanism
Siamak Panahi Seyyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amraey Mehrdad Navabakhsh

This study has concentrated on the Role of Cinema on Critique of the Modern Urbanism. The theoretical framework of essay is designing architecture theory base on concept which is related to the way of  semiotic , base on layered semiotic ( analyzing  Film with More

This study has concentrated on the Role of Cinema on Critique of the Modern Urbanism. The theoretical framework of essay is designing architecture theory base on concept which is related to the way of  semiotic , base on layered semiotic ( analyzing  Film with syntagm layers: text ,context , intertextuality ,code , media) and Ervin Panofsky ‘s semiotic analyzing which has three periods: primitive understanding , background literature and hermeneutics. The research methods in this study are analytic and descriptive combination of qualitative (from case study to theory) and quantitative (from theory to case study) research. This study has analyzed some famous films by professional directors which their base concept was about criticizing modern movement. At first we analyzed the meaning  of modernism, mechinism, semiology, and then genealogy of modern space creation in film and the way of determination of modern movement and their critique. The conclusion of the study is that the architecture is formed and created base on concept and cinema is one of the best critical tools of modern stream in architecture and urbanism. Cinema with black comedy genre, modern semiotic, city palimpsest, city nostalgia, utopia and distopia manifests these kind of meaning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - The Friday Mosque of Fahraj; a Re-examination
Alireza Anisi

For better understanding of Islamic Iranian architecture, the study of the initial Islamic era (1-5/7-12 century) is so vital. This period, owing to the transmission of the Iranian culture and civilization from the Sasanian into Islamic time, is principally known as &ld More

For better understanding of Islamic Iranian architecture, the study of the initial Islamic era (1-5/7-12 century) is so vital. This period, owing to the transmission of the Iranian culture and civilization from the Sasanian into Islamic time, is principally known as “Transitional Period”. This progressive and continuous transition, finally have been established new Islamic culture and civilization in Iran. In these circumstances, the pre- Islamic Iranian art and architecture evolved and new themes, which were appropriate with new situation, were appeared. These new subjects were mainly inspired by pre-Islamic elements or in some cases were even emerged by borrowing them. In spite of emerging new type of building such as mosque and mausoleum, traditional elements, decoration and technique of pre- Islamic architecture, especially in their local styles, were still employed. Among other types of buildings, the mosque as the main place of worship has been the most significant Islamic building and the study of it is important for better understanding the architectural history of each period. Owing to the necessity of constructing mosque in the early Islamic centuries in Iran, they were patterned on the eminent Abbasid mosques, mainly built in the western Islamic world. However the architects attempted to illustrate the local identity by applying the Iranian architectural traditions. Among the early Islamic mosques in Iran, the Tarikhana Mosque in Damghan and the Friday mosque in Fahraj, are well-known. The latter, which is the topic of this survey, will be discussed in detail. The mosque was first introduced by Muhammad Karim Pirniya in 1969. Owing to its pre- Islamic resemblance of its decoration and architectural elements, he believed that the building is the earliest survived mosque in Iran. He did not say any specific date for constructing the building, but its date has been normally mentioned as the 1st/7th century. The mosque became the subject of later studies that carried out mainly by western scholars, who date this building not earlier than the late years of the 3rd/10th century or beginning of the 4th/11th century. This study aims to re-examine this controversial building. The main source of information has been provided by the author’s field work. In addition, the previous findings of scholars and literary texts support this research. The article highlights the architectural characteristics of the building after description of the mosque. It shows that how the dominant Arabic plan of the mosque was built in local style. The pre-Islamic elements, such as the barrel vaults and various forms of decoration were applied by local builder.  The study concludes that the Friday Mosque was built in the 3rd/9th century and its attributing to the 1st/7th century is unlikely. Owing to little surviving buildings from the early Islamic Iran, the study is important on several reasons. The mosque is an authentetic example of early Islamic mosque in Iran. The colour painting on plaster of the mosque is one of the earliest examples of Islamic Iranian architecture. In addition, the architectural elements of mosque suggest the continuity of pre-Islamic style.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Globalization & Regionalism in Contemporary Architecture: Interaction or Mutuality
Qader Bayzidi Iraj Etesam Farah Habib Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrei

A complicated, multilateral and unavoidable process, globalization semiconsciously covers growing temporal and spatial integration, dissemination of knowledge, ability to understand the others, strengthening intercultural interactions and integration of universal a More

A complicated, multilateral and unavoidable process, globalization semiconsciously covers growing temporal and spatial integration, dissemination of knowledge, ability to understand the others, strengthening intercultural interactions and integration of universal and local affairs, and consequently, introduces further development into social arena in the postmodern era. On one hand, formation of a global village and growing mutual effects in the world of architecture have led to concerns over domination of universalism and homogeneity, losing the soul of the place and creating faults in local identities. On the other, regionalism in architecture centers on preserving special characteristics of space and showing dissimilarities, and prioritizes special regional identity over universal characteristics. Definition of regionalism covers a wide spectrum due to its diversity and the course of events in different approaches to this theory, but generally, it is claimed that ecological features, climate conditions, social and cultural conditions and local customs are among important features of regionalism. Regionalism is an approach to coordinating the influence of global civilization with special local features. In another words, since man is an heir and creator of global culture as well as possessing a regional culture, he has to quiver knowledge of the interaction between both of them. Supporters of such theory believe that architecture has to reflect the features of the self and be independent of an emotional view point of region, tradition and history. The present paper attempts to investigate the relationship between globalization and current regional based approaches in the field of contemporary architecture. The research method is descriptive-analytical by using content analysis technique. Economic arena, on one hand, faces universal and global supply of multinational companies, and deals with local demand, on the other. This emphasizes the need for designing products in line with special regional circumstances in order to attract consumers and establish a global-regional interaction. In politics, there is an alignment theory of globalization and regionalism that based on which regionalism moderates globalization and both enjoy a mutual relationship. In culture, contemporary world covers both universalization and homogeneity and localization and heterogeny. Globalization provides a bed for universalization of local culture and localization of global culture. Local cultural systems enjoy a complex relationship with global culture to have its privileges. The results show that on one hand, the multilateral nature of globalization indicates that it enjoys an alignment of homogenous and heterogeneous approaches in such a way that it recognizes variety, pluralism and heterogenic and prepares the ground for special cultural and architectural identities and values. On the other, having shifted from nativist approaches and emphasis on physical interpretations and stylistic, structural and aesthetic issues towards modern approaches and social, cultural issues, ecosystem and interpersonal relationships, regionalism aims at modifying traditional prejudiced thoughts, strengthening an interactional approach and creating variety as well as enjoying universal privileges (critical regionalism, interactional regionalism and bioregionalism). Therefore, there proves to be a mutual relationship between these phenomena. The coexistence between technology and cultural identity (place) in architecture leads to the formation of a type of hybrid architecture enjoying universal privileges and regional indices (global- local). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - IndicationandFormulationofAttitudesofIran'sContemporary Architecture
Akram Hosseini

With a brief look to Iranian contemporary architecture, it is found that better samples are existed in this period architecture, which could be known dependent to a special course in Iranian architecture- not in a  complete respondence with western  architectu More

With a brief look to Iranian contemporary architecture, it is found that better samples are existed in this period architecture, which could be known dependent to a special course in Iranian architecture- not in a  complete respondence with western  architecture - according to the type of indexes and elements of criticism of architecture. This article involved analysing existent allegories in context of this built samples and then recognition of their architectural attitudes es and providing existence of special tendencies, corresponding to western contemporary architecture or independent  tendencies explain ,formulation and compile them. Such a discussion could not be without deficiency because of its recency and lack of sufficient information and needful resources. While explaining the attitudes of this group could evaluate value and importance of each work about the state historical context, which will result in recognition of architectural society of the said attitudes and also professional self confident.      Iranian contemporary architecture, although in first view  relates on architectural evolutions of the European countries, American architectural evolutions and even experiences of the third world and Asian countries in this case, but it is a completely independent phenomenon in its navigate, not only about its historical attitude but also about general nature and encountering manner, is unique and difference.      Equally valued image of constructional phenomenon and cultural events, related to Iranian contemporary architecture zone with other architectures in the world between Iranian architects has been breaking out as approximately unawareness and may be emotionally and fashionably. Recognition of real condition of Iranian contemporary architecture is necessary moreover to determination direction of architectural future path, but because of different matters, providing a pattern as its path during the studied period seems difficult as a result of the following reasons: surface recognition of the state's architects of Iranian contemporary architecture and also unpredicted entering of modern architecture with a history fighting structure, economical bourgeoisie of some of the entities or persons with weakness of rules and regulations, executive organization, supervising on constructional activities. Thus, if the contemporary architecture was accounted as its global concept, Iranian contemporary architecture's methodology seems to be incomparable with recognized works of the world because of few remarkable and original works. So, if Iranian contemporary architecture was studied in a more realistic level, we could analyze and study them by so matic study tools. These works, not only because of their natural values, but also for their role in architectural evolution and reflecting methodological and aesthetical characteristics in the said historical period, are focused. From among the builted works in the last three decades, there are some attitudes that are capable of growth of a kind of architecture, connected to global course and also in conformity with the state's society characteristics, culture characteristics and climate qualification. This path shall be followed towards development and evolution of the approaches to the architecture and space and then towards a conceptual approach of it. Applying the current experiences in these stages and accurate study of them could be useful in this matter.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Finding Records of Wind Catcher in order to Demonstrate of its Iranian Identity
Mahnaz Mahmoudi S. Majid Mofidi

    Wind tower is a part of Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and dry and hot and humid climates. It is building form ingredient that has climatic application. A traditional wind tower that served as a cooling system, used to provide acceptable venti More

    Wind tower is a part of Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and dry and hot and humid climates. It is building form ingredient that has climatic application. A traditional wind tower that served as a cooling system, used to provide acceptable ventilation by means of renewable energy of wind. Unfortunately, the contemporary architecture of Iran is entirely diverted this important architectural element in the arid areas.      A wind catcher is one of master piece of Iranian architectural design the date and record in which it was aced in Iran have remained unknown because of its location on the highest part of building which is being destructed as the first part helped by two archeological and literary areas this study has endeavored to take a stride to introduce the cultural- historical identity of Iran by demonstrating the record of wind catcher in pre Islamic area of Iran and also illustrate on the argument documents the record of its use in Iran prior to the Arabs of Persian Gulf. The research focuses on the analytical and descriptive survey and the results have been obtained by deducting documents and historical texts. It has attempted to demonstrations its long record of use in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Analysis of Iranian Contemporary Architecture in Confrontation with Globalization Phenomenon
Farah Habib Akram Hosseini

After victory of Islamic Revolution in 1360 (1981), wide mutations as a result of excited values of the Revolution caused lots of changes in different fields, including architecture. Following this, Cultural Revolution designers were adapted with new requirements of the More

After victory of Islamic Revolution in 1360 (1981), wide mutations as a result of excited values of the Revolution caused lots of changes in different fields, including architecture. Following this, Cultural Revolution designers were adapted with new requirements of the community and orientations that introduced Revolution’s mottos after relative establishment of structure and educational contents of the universities. This matter, in conformity with general spirit of personality seeking processes of architecture, introduced necessity of changing in architecture training programs. In the field of architecture training, self-reversion , revival of  past stable values, Permanent concepts are in history, structure and content of training program from the viewpoint of Cultural Revolution designers about importance of theoretical studies in training, joining of architecture training with precinct culture, historical examination of architecture before modernism, of national and zone perspective. Existence of word identity in the introduction of Cultural Revolution staff program in 1363 (1984), demonstrated attentions towards basics of new training program of architecture. Then, seeking identity in training process is followed by emphasizing on Islamic architectural history and Iranian architectural history.   This period was contemporary with predominance of global process of postmodernism on West architecture. Postmodernism thoughts, criticizing inattention of modern architecture thinkers towards history of establishment of architecture in different places, chooses increasing, antonym, complex and metaphorical in its expressions. Prevalence of West postmodernism numerosity thoughts resulted in establishment of most of Iranian contemporary architecture works.   On one hand, contemporary human’s social life, expansion of relationships and breaking boundaries are mixed with globalization idea. Contemporary world’s occurrences and mutations have widespread concepts in today life. Community technology, telecommunication, internet, satellite and so are things that involve human in network of relationships in different manners. So, after technical and technological advances of modernism, media could broadcast art and architecture mutations all around the world as other matters. Postmodernism attitude could increase its symbolic dimensions and attendance ways.   Iran’s temporary architecture, which has a root in past architecture, is together with global widespread mutations, as a result of today world’s achievements and ideal that belongs to all of humans. Today architectures encounter with twosome status of doubt towards past values and captivation towards new values, as well as sentiment coherency to the past and excitement to the future; and this matter force them to search about recognition of personal and collective identity. Despite entering of current thoughts in West architecture to Iran, before entering and usage, tools and information technology was growing slowly and after the movement, it grows fast. It is necessary to evaluate reasons and results of these changes. While theoretical basics resulted from consideration of personality seeking, on one hand, and entrance of attitudes in West architecture on the other hand, (but without passing prerequisite processes that was caused appearance of the aforesaid thoughts), have significant influence on architecture of Iran. The present study involved in explaining Iran’s architecture approach after the Revolution and evaluating its personality seeking objectives against a phenomenon, called globalization, emersion of information technology, media and computers.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - The Role of Environmental Psychology in High-rise Buildings based on Sustainable Architecture Attitude
Abdolhadi Daneshpour Mojtaba Mahdavinia Mohammad Mehdi Ghiai

  According to the uncontrolled population growth and urbanity and also the increase of immigrations to cities and the lack of appropriate construction areas, the high rising strategy is being promoted. On the other hand, in this type of building, because of high u More

  According to the uncontrolled population growth and urbanity and also the increase of immigrations to cities and the lack of appropriate construction areas, the high rising strategy is being promoted. On the other hand, in this type of building, because of high user density in a limited area and the considerable use of energy resources during construction and exploitation, sustainable attitude have to be pursued not only in design process but also during exploitation. Since achieving the goals of sustainable architecture is impossible without attention to user’s behavior, the psychological terms and behavioral sciences play the key role. In this regard, few of the researches that have already been done are about the psychological and behavioral aspects of sustainability attitude.   In This paper, the role of environmental psychology in sustainable high rise building design is recognized and also in order to promotion of this type of behavior through Maslow pyramid model of needs, the ways and strategies are explored. In the next step, with considering of the role of “attitude” in promoting individual and social behaviors, the strategies of “education” and “resources management” have been presented. Finally, environmental psychology as a basis for motivating sustainable behavior by users is introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Survey Reasones of Unsuccessful Fundametal Influance of Feminism in Architecture
Mehrvash Kazemi

The base of sociology  is theory and theory makes human’ s viewpoint of the world .Feminism is a movement for earning women rights like suffrage in the world. history of anthropology of feminism  has been divided to three waves;1850-1920 first wave,1920- More

The base of sociology  is theory and theory makes human’ s viewpoint of the world .Feminism is a movement for earning women rights like suffrage in the world. history of anthropology of feminism  has been divided to three waves;1850-1920 first wave,1920-1980 second wave and 1980 up to now is third wave.on the other hand  its’division has four main parts,liberal feminism,radical feminism,social feminism and Marxism feminism. in  resent years Islamic feminism appeare too, perhaps Egypt is first Islamic country that feminism opinion is being prevalence. Although feminism , that has been appeared since thirty years ago, could not be recognized as a theory, because of its’ dispersal sights and its’ belivers difference ideas about women rights and them freedom ways too, but we should be remember its’ prevalence in architectural domain contenporaneou second wave of  this movement. It is so important that feminism has criticism in islam and it is not acceptable by religious customs or traditions,as will be explained  inside body of paper.  in this article at first  feminism will be identify  then  determaine feminism ideas and compare them by means of argue  their commones and differences in theirs tenets. this research implement survey of ancient texts as Vitruvius- Ten books of architecture-  and Filarete- Treatist on architecture- , also Diana agrest-Architecture from whitout(1993)- and Dolores heden- Introduction:Gender,Space,Architecture(Rendell,2000)  from contemporary era. Vitruvius  and Filarete  in their texts explain by causes that between  body of male and femal in architecture, male body is the sutiable scale  for static and elegance of buliding.on the other hand Diana Agrset say:”logocentrism and anthropomorphism are underlying the system of architecture since Vitruvius,then read and rewritten in Renaissance and through the modern movement”. in her paper -Architecture from without:body,logic and sex- she continue:”the body of texts and rules developed in the Renaissance that,as a reading of the classics,established the foundations for western architecture,which I call the system of architecture.” Articles’ target is try to argument offspring and  representation of conjunction between feminism and architecture and try to determine feminisim ideas’ relations to architecture wherefore help other researches in the same theme.In architecture sphere our focus is on Jacques Derrida and Delouse. It clear to us that situation of connection between feminism and architecture is ignoring dualism by Derrida.his idea about dualism from past and ignore it ,also his resoanes provide sutiable context for liberal feminists to protest sphered spaces like public and privet space in architecture that say women belong only privet and inside spaces and this kind of spaces are not important as same as other spaces. Articles’ research methodology is descriptive and is being use of library sources for data collection.finaly we have to divide philosophic and architecture in four  part, general philosophic,special philosophic, general architecture and special architecture. Indicate that they have direct  relative, as General philosophic creative general architecture and special philosophic  crative special architecture. Main probleim is situation between special  philosophic and general architecture. Results argue  that feminism has unsuccessful fundamental in architecture because it could not produce a general architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Sustainable Design Based on Hot and Humid Climate
Shahriar Moshiri

  Considering that each geographical zone has its own particular climate conditions, most building designers assume that by collecting sufficient information about the climate of one geographical zone they can apply the same design criteria in other zones which are More

  Considering that each geographical zone has its own particular climate conditions, most building designers assume that by collecting sufficient information about the climate of one geographical zone they can apply the same design criteria in other zones which are climatalogically similar. In this regard, this research aims to carry out an in-depth study on the weather condition similarities and differences of one climate within two different geographical zones.   The results revealed that despite the two cities of Bandar-Abbas in Iran and Belem in Brazil have similar climate, the building design norms which essentially provide the needs of inhabitants by taking the climatic conditions into account are totally distinct. Moreover, the weather in Bandar-Abbas is in comfort zone in December, January, and February in days and chilly at nights. However, in March, both days and nights are in comfort zone. In April, days are hot and nights are in comfort zone. In May, June, July, August, September, and October both days and nights are hot. Eventually, in November, days are hot and nights are in comfort zone. Therefore, throughout the studied area, all the structures especially living rooms are designed in north-south direction in order to profit from the sea breezes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Assessing the effective components on improving the quality of architectural space in the Public Libraries (case study: Central Library of Hamadan)
Mohsen Faizi S.Bagher Hosseini Vahid Majidi Javad Ahmadi

Architectural space, organizes the human life. Assessing and prioritizing the effective criteria in designing architectural space could be also effective on designer’s decision to improve the qualitative elements of space and provide the necessary physical utiliti More

Architectural space, organizes the human life. Assessing and prioritizing the effective criteria in designing architectural space could be also effective on designer’s decision to improve the qualitative elements of space and provide the necessary physical utilities for its inhabitants or potential users. The public libraries by responding to cultural capitation, and as major sources of public education are promoting public knowledge and playing an important role in attracting maximum number of people. In each architectural space, physical elements have been considered as main factors to shape the space. Space is one of the elements in architectural design which is considered continuously in both theory and profession. People perceive the architecture by space and recognize it by form and these two parts of architecture have inherent relationship with each other and therefor enrichment of space comes from the composition of physical elements. In other words, the Interconnectedness between essence of space and physical elements have been recognized as main parts of architectural process. Quality is a sophis ticated subject in architecture which in different situations gets disparate definitions. Quality is one of the accepted ideal of analysis and perceiving architectural projects. Quality of subject indicates the transcendence, similarity or inferior of subject in comparison with other subjects. Perceiving the superior or inferior quality of subjects could be accomplished by a subjective or objective process. Improving the quality of architectural space could have a major effect on sense of user and it could influence the user's satisfaction during the exis tence of a certain space. There are lots of s trategies to obtain high qualities in spaces such as increasing flexibility, multifunctioning the space, introducing active and passive spaces in architecture, promoting transparency, porosity, fluidity, and drawing connections between indoor and outdoor spaces.The main purpose of this s tudy is to find the criteria that promotes the quality of architectural space in libraries. This analysis-descriptive research has been done with a quantitative approach, by using factor analysis and SPSS20 software for balancing and reduction of measures in order to gain a desirable design in connection with the supply of user’s satisfaction of architectural space. In this research, forming out questionnaires for the case s tudy was necessary to achieve the aforementioned purposes. The population who participated in this research consisted of selected Hamadan library users, including men and women in the age range of 18-35 years old, who were observed carefully in a period of 4 months. According to s tatis tical methods, sample size was 226 and the type of sample selecting method was random sampling. With this arrangement, special physical specifications of central library of Hamadan as an exis ting and viable sample of cultural space in a city scale has been analyzed, and the results of this research have revealed that among 10 factors in improvement of special qualities in libraries, attention to view and vegetarian covering, interior lighting and the proportion in design are the mos t important factors that should be the main priorities for interventions, in order to supply the desirable s tudy room. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Content Analysis on Architectural Criticism in Architectural Publications During 1946-2001
Iman Raeisi seyed abdolhadi daneshpour

This research is based on explaining criteria effects on contemporary architectural publications in Iran and arguing that if there has be no criticism, there would be no real value specified for artistic work and if transition process of art has not been argued, culture More

This research is based on explaining criteria effects on contemporary architectural publications in Iran and arguing that if there has be no criticism, there would be no real value specified for artistic work and if transition process of art has not been argued, culture and art would stagnate.  Therefore regarding to the importance of architectural criteria as a social necessity and a leading subject to an important development of the society itself, including both artists and their supporters, it is a minor factor to improve them both. At this point of view, showing interest in architectural criticism as a multidimensional artwork-expressed by art, technique, culture, society and function, it is a basic indispensable need for every society. In contemporary architectural history, there have been many struggles by architects and critics due to develop this issue which has been led to an appearance of new styles and methods in contemporary architecture and philosophy. For instance Le Corbusier in his monograph named "toward architecture" criticizes classical architecture and demonstrates a draft on modern architectural standards and indexes. Furthermore Robert Ventury in his monograph named "complexity and contrast in architecture" while criticizing modern architectural principles, he clarifies standards and indexes for postmodern architecture. On the other hand, an architectural criterion is a missing subject in the literature of Iranian contemporary architecture and it seems that there have been not adequate researches made on this subject. This research has been concentrated on this question that what the effects of criteria are in contemporary architectural publications in Iran. The considerable theory is that criteria have had a limited impact on the establishment of Iranian contemporary architecture and this had led to a decrease of architectural quality.  Therefore the analysis of content is made on architectural criticisms in related publications during 1946-2001 by studying qualitative information in this research. Making an efficient selection of essays for a proper use specially the classification of architectural publications had been seemed necessary in this research.  At last eleven publications which are mentioned as followed had been chosen for analyzing: 1-Architect publication (1946) 2-New architecture publication (1960)  3-Art and architecture publication (1968)  4- Architecture and urban planning publication (1989)  5- Soffe publication (1990) 6- Fine arts publication (1995) 7- Abadi publication (1996) 8-Architect publication (1998)  9-Ravagh publication (1998) 10-Architecture and culture (1999)  11- Iran architecture publications (2000). At the end all mentioned reviews (240 editions) were studied and essays which were based on contemporary architectural criticism have been selected. This research is mainly based on an especial study that is related to interpretational, fundamental and deductive approach with an conclusive argument which is based on experimental accomplishment in cooperation with the pre-research theory and with analytic method support and finally has led to a content analysis  which has been made in a specific period of time. As a conclusion and relying on statistics which has been extracted from Iranian architectural publications, it seems that criticism has a very low effect on leading Iranian contemporary architecture toward furtherance and their slants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Analytical Approach in Design and Management in Organizing Urban Parks and its Relation on Promoting Citizens Health
Shadi Azizi

Today, the term “sustainability” is used in many academic and nonacademic communities and the themes of many conferences and seminars are dedicated to this topic. But in an era of escalating consumerism and endless growth, it seems that sustainability will f More

Today, the term “sustainability” is used in many academic and nonacademic communities and the themes of many conferences and seminars are dedicated to this topic. But in an era of escalating consumerism and endless growth, it seems that sustainability will face more difficulties in pursuit of its goals. Although architecture schools care about sustainability and seek appropriate solutions for environmental concerns, the recentness of the topic has caused architecture to face various obstacles such as "limited expertise", "lack of inspiring prototypes to counterbalance prevalent non-sustainable lifestyles", "fringe reputation", "number crunching", "the old guard", "holistic vs. fragmented", "the Braux art tradition", " unawareness of environment crisis" and "lack of  technical courses that support design studios" inside the classroom and "ambiguous identity", "confusing implications", "the magic flute", "the question of aesthetic" and high cost of sustainability outside the classroom.  Following an investigation into environmental crises, the principles and history of sustainable architecture, two sustainable education models (one theoretical and the other practical) and the obstacles facing the teaching of sustainable architecture, this paper attempts to analyze architectural education in Iran in order to assess the performance of Iranian architecture schools in teaching sustainable design. For this reason, courses taught in Iran's architectural schools are divided into 5 categories including: "Architectural Design", "Building Technology", "Architectural History and Theory", "Urban and Rural Development" and "Historical Building and Renovation”. Then the challenges mentioned are examined in each category with secondary data reviews.  While courses related to sustainability and environmental crisis are not taught in Iran's universities, some obstacles like "fringe reputation:, "number crunching”, “limited expertise" and "the old guard" are not studied and only 4 obstacle including "holistic vs. fragment", "the Braux art tradition", "unawareness of environment crisis" and " lack of  technical courses support of design " are investigated in architecture universities.    This paper will conclude that architectural education in Iran follows one rigid strategy, which is not suitable for a multidisciplinary field like architecture, particularly sustainable architecture: therefore Iranian architecture schools are not capable of teaching sustainability, whether as an attitude or as a technique. Therefore, a systematic policy is essential, one that concentrates on all three important parts of an educational system: well-defined goals, planning in accordance with these goals and the assessment of programs to refine goals. This paper also proposes two level programs consisting of: Level 1 (architecture education system): In this level, one flexible system will be defined consisting of several subsystems in accordance to global and local challenges. Each of these subsystems includes various theoretical and practical courses with focus on its subsystem goals. Students can choose some of these subsystems _which are controlled by one management system_ according to their interests. . This model of education system, not only lets students learn what they are interested in, but also produces graduates with different types of skills who can cover the different needs of society. Level 2 (sustainability subsystem): This level consists of theoretical and practical courses (especially interdisciplinary courses) relating to sustainability education in architecture.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - The Analythic Approach on Gender and its'Influence on Quality of Space (case study: Fadjr Park in Tabriz)
Mehrvash Kazemi

     Space is production of architecture.It could be changed after creation in future life. Description of space will be changed by perception an experience of consumers. So user, designer or biulder. Significant levels are the same.   &nb More

     Space is production of architecture.It could be changed after creation in future life. Description of space will be changed by perception an experience of consumers. So user, designer or biulder. Significant levels are the same.      Reasearchs' focus is on gender,space and relationship between them and architecture. Gender as a social factor has directly related with culture.It is different of sex. Women and men as user of spaces have differences in their sex, gender and gender rols.Sometimes space exactly public space for a part of user (women) is not sutibale Because there hasn't been attention to gender.  "Gendered space" as a problem,will be appeared when we forget gender differences, so some     users (women) have to leave space, and a general space convert to specific. Research argue spaces in three way are being gendered: by planning by design process by occupation and future using. Research try to answer this question,"Is there any related between consentration on gender and quality of space?Eventually we argue,if architects do not consider on gender and needs that depends on gender rols,space will has low quality and part of users leave there, so "gendered space" will be appeared. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - The Role of In-Between Spaces to Identifying Historical Fabrics of Iranian Cities
Lida Balilan Asl Iraj Etesam, Seyed Gholamreza Islami

Lida Balilan Asl (Email:lidabalilan@iaut.ac.ir) , Ph.D, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Iraj Etesam,Ph.D, Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran. Seyed Gholamreza Islami,Ph.D, As More

Lida Balilan Asl (Email:lidabalilan@iaut.ac.ir) , Ph.D, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Iraj Etesam,Ph.D, Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran. Seyed Gholamreza Islami,Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran. The research and topical purpose of this thesis is first to determine the characteristics of in-between space, then to recognize these spaces in the context of the architecture and finally to identify their role in the spatial organization of urban and architectural elements. One of the major problems in the fabric of most cities in the world, is the crisis in the identity of urban and architecture. The physical display of the identify crisis in the cities is the spatial separation of the architectural and urban elements, in the particular and whole scales. As to the claim of this thesis, an ignorance of the connective and in-between spaces is an important and impressive factor in the physical identity crisis of the historical fabrics. To obtain the mentioned objectives and to prove the hypothesis of the thesis, a phenomenological approach and historical analysis method are used to analyze the content of the texts. The theoretical basis of the thesis is founded on the researches on the various aspects of the space and on the concepts which are influential on setting limiting borders and defining the architectural spaces and consequently the in-between spaces which are analyzed according to the structural content analysis as well as analysis-comparison. Due to its nature, the in-between space has some various spatial and meaningful characteristics. This quality has caused the in-between characteristics to be expressed in terms of three forms of formal-physical, meaning-functional and connective-geometrical. Therefore, the relation and interaction of the functions require a third space between the interior and exterior spaces (in & out). Moreover the conceptual focus, the functional interaction and the formal distinguish, imply a fencing of the interior space through a threshold which allows a relation and connection with the outer space. This threshold not only determines and controls the domain and ownership, but it also plays the role of reception, interpretation, improvise and change of the information. The threshold as a distinguishing, connecting and relating factor through the transition field, intervenes in the space organization. This impact can well be observed through determining of the formation features and elements, the pattern of relationship and the discipline dominant over the relations in terms of some organizational principles such as spatial hierarchy. The obtained results suggest that the in-between space due to its constructive objectives takes on an equivocal nature. It becomes both the process and the product. Thus, it contributes to the formation process in order that a unified whole should emerge; it also helps simultaneously the concepts be classified and take orientation. Therefore, in a rotational movement the in-between space influences the spatial organization through its impact on the basics and principles. On the other hand, through its spatial features such as space relations, the spatial organization is influential in the development and evolution of the in-between spaces. The result emphasizes on the comprehensibility of the in-between spaces in the various urban and architectural scales, and consequently it puts emphasis on the significance of the in-between spaces as the major factors in the spatial organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Interpretation Of Architecture By Post-modern Foundation with Semiotics Aspect
Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad-Amrei Amirmasoud Dabagh

This essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of   semiosis: the relation of signi More

This essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of   semiosis: the relation of signification with sign, mind and object or more generally, the creation of meaning; But they both refer respectively to the theories of "Saussure" and "Peirce". According Saussure`s idea, the sign consists of two parts: a signified which is a concept, and a signifier which is a mental pattern of a sound or image. He has believed that the relationship between the signifier and signified is arbitrary. They are both whole cognitive and provide no form of external reference. "Peirce" claims that each sign consists of three inter-related parts: object, interpretation, representation. In postmodern textual point of view, every perception of text, exchanges to a new object. Actually the thought of post-structuralism such as postmodernism, uses different perspectives to create a multifaceted interpretation of a text, even if these interpretations conflict with one another. It is particularly important to analyze how the meanings of a text shift in relation to certain variables, usually involving the identity of the reader. Derrida believed that the absence of the transcendental signified extends the domain and the play of signification infinitely. Derrida’s alternate strategy was to de-center the text thereby increasing play and opening up the exploration of meaning. We are dealing here an approach of architecture and postmodern thought within field of semiotics. This is a shadowy zone closely linked to human nature in which we will have to convey descriptive sensations of what remain to be still discovered or analyzed. In every perception of architecture lies a vision which connects us to the signified. Because we have all our inner images, and due to human beings rising in different cultures, we live our own personal different resonances. The architecture includes some messages in its. In semiotics, a code is a set of convention or sub-codes currently in use to communicate meaning. To that extent, codes represent a broad interpretative framework used by both addressers and their addressees to encode and decode the messages. The appreciation or analysis of architecture and it`s spatial configuration is always seen between cognition, culture, knowledge and society. The appreciation, due to abstract representational configurations and geometrical pattern remain to be deciphering with great attention and care with structured distinguish of subjective/objective interpretations and reactive flexible meaning of perception’s consideration. The architecture has been consisted of different layers of meaning such as a text. These layers would make different  meanings and sense for project to be appear in the deepest plan. The spectator, according to his mysterious understanding, unveils the messages in layers of the text and also try to make interpret of it .We can divide all layers of the plan in two main groups: (a) corporal layers (b) supra corporal layers. The author`s messages at the plan and in the texture of the plan  which is contained with codes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Cultural Anthropology, a Mean for Analyzing Forming Factors of Architecture
Shadi Azizi Alireza Delpazir Parisa Moghaddam

Post modernism period in architecture, is the period of joining several fields to architecture and having a diverse perspective of it. One of the fields which were mentioned in this joining with architecture, is the cultural anthropology approach toward architecture. Ba More

Post modernism period in architecture, is the period of joining several fields to architecture and having a diverse perspective of it. One of the fields which were mentioned in this joining with architecture, is the cultural anthropology approach toward architecture. Basically, cultural aspect of the architecture is depended on this definition that, culture is the human-built part of the environment. In one state, culture itself is derived from the human’s humanly act and his ecosystem, which in the next state, forms the social behavior and his physical environment. The result of such prospect of the culture, formed an approach called architectural anthropology in 1970’s. This propounded issues in this field such as how culture of different nations and groups of people can form different architectures? And today how can we consciously create an interaction between culture and architecture by realizing this point. Later on, achievement of this scientific branch in architecture created the “architecture without architect” approach by Bernard Rudofsky , and also expanded researches in world’s authentic universities .This resulted into formation of encyclopedias in the field of connection between culture and architecture. In our country, it seems necessary to analyze the cultural anthropology of Iranian architecture for three necessary aspects. Firstly, Iran is one of the worlds few countries which its history of civilization goes back several thousand years before B.C. It has rich architecture and culture which worth analyzing. Secondly, is that until now, basic researches on relations of architecture and culture has been very limited. This causes the lack of cultural richness in architectural designs. Finally, in today’s globalization issue, only countries with cultural representations and figures in their architecture can be in connection with whole world in cultural and economical field.  Because of points mentioned above, firstly this paper is about to answer this question, from the cultural anthropology aspect of architecture, what kind of relation does culture have with architecture and its formation. At first, the aim of this paper is to achieve a model for analyzing the relation between culture and architecture from the cultural anthropology aspect until now. Second, this paper uses this model in the context of Iranian culture and architecture to analyze the relation of nature and the architecture of Iranian houses and its cultural aspects. At this part, this paper is about to answer this question, was the use of nature and natural elements in Iranian houses only an answer to climate or it’s something above this and has origins in Iranian culture.    The researching method used in this paper is qualitative and descriptive. The results shows that cultural anthropology, identifies cultural factors as basic factors of forming architecture and also provides a context to analyze different social-cultural variables together. The example of this point can be seen in the relation of architecture and nature in Iranian house, in which nature firstly was an answer to cultural demands of people. In other words, culture was a determining factor and climate was the effective factor in formation of Iranian houses.   Manuscript profile

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70 - Comparative study of the effective factors to development of large and middle cities (10 cities of Iran-contemporary period)
zohreh davoudpour Daryoush Ardalan

              Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life a More

              Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and transfer those foundations and Iranian identity criteria to the methods of past. The interruption is due to neglecting the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society in creating contemporary methods. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explain the theoretical framework of the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society. Such a basis provides the possibility to optimize the revitalization and development of the progressive of civilization. The “concept of transition” that origins from the monotheism beliefs of the Iranian society creates this framework with the criteria of “possibility of transitions” and “reminding transition” and involves many of the principles and criteria of Iranian identity.       This article has endeavored to study theoretical documents of the society and cases and MASADIQ especially in Iranian architecture. The results of this research can act as a theoretical framework in harmony with Iranian identity in architectural projects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Self-recognition: The Achievement of Settlement Experience in Architecture Design Class
Masoomeh Yaghoobi Sangherchi Seyed Gholamreza Islami

According to Islam theories, the major duty of human being is to recognize himself, which under this circumstance he would be able to know God too. Scrutinizing such a divine message, we come to this conclusion that human being can achieve the highest aim of creation wh More

According to Islam theories, the major duty of human being is to recognize himself, which under this circumstance he would be able to know God too. Scrutinizing such a divine message, we come to this conclusion that human being can achieve the highest aim of creation while getting the knowledge and recognition of the world’s infinite intelligence. It is obvious that achievement to the greatest aim of creation must be parallel to human perfection. Self-recognition and self-identification are two important issues that should be more concerned by Iran educational system. From this point of view, the success of any subject of education must be evaluated and assessed in terms of this criterion that how high the educational system can realize the human being. Based on what is said, there arises a very particular question: what method of teaching and creation of architectural work can result in self-recognition as the intersection of science and art? As the problem raised in this research has been ignored by many researchers, we got right into the fields involved with the issue of awareness of human conscious such as humanistic psychology, symbolism and phenomenology. The culmination of this analysis is to recognize the fact that all these field, have the same principles and strategies. All these fields strongly focus on the fact that if human is honest toward himself and communicates with the surrounding phenomena in the same manner of dwelling, he can have access on a great part of his own identity. Based on these approaches, phenomena are not things we can see or touch, but they are half recognized in material worlds expecting for being realized completely by creatures. Observing the honesty and avoiding the domineering view can pave the way to achieve the non -visible part of these phenomena. According to scientists` view, human being can have self-recognition with honest communication resulting in growth and development of virtues. This type of self-recognition accompanied by cosmology occurs in daily life activities unconsciously when the human beings have a complete compatibility with the surrounding phenomena and has a dwelling relationship. The most important point is that the self- recognition is concomitant with constructions. Therefore, the architecture topic can be regarded as the most suitable and reliable realm of self-representation for creator and audience of architectural work. The research hypothesis has been formulated in such way. The settlement -based design can result in self-recognition. Settlement refers to a strategy which relies on horizontalism and prevention from domination on the self-reality and surrounding. Based on the practical experiences of this research, the trainee tries to recreate what he has touched several times and can love. The phenomenological analysis of this design method shows that the experience of humanistic moments in revealing the details of architectural spaces helps the trainee to remove the duality and contrast of innate feeling and reality of the material world in a compromise towards the unity. The trainee is the organizer of functional spaces and also involved in the thought architecture. Manuscript profile

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72 - A Definition of the Concept of Transition in Principles of Iranian Civilization Identity
Mohammad Naghizadeh Maryam Dorodian

      Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and More

      Studying past vestiges of the Iranian civilization is expressive of a kind of continuity in past works and interruption in the contemporary era. The continuity results from the communion in philosophy of life and efforts to maintain it and transfer those foundations and Iranian identity criteria to the methods of past. The interruption is due to neglecting the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society in creating contemporary methods. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to explain the theoretical framework of the philosophy of life and beliefs of the society. Such a basis provides the possibility to optimize the revitalization and development of the progressive of civilization. The “concept of transition” that origins from the monotheism beliefs of the Iranian society creates this framework with the criteria of “possibility of transitions” and “reminding transition” and involves many of the principles and criteria of Iranian identity.       This article has endeavored to study theoretical documents of the society and cases and MASADIQ especially in Iranian architecture. The results of this research can act as a theoretical framework in harmony with Iranian identity in architectural projects.                                                                                                   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Explaining the impact of paradigm on changes in form in contemporary architecture
Ghazal Safdarian

Nowadays, the position of form in architecture is much more criticized due to a plurality of votes in the regard. The position of form in architecture with different definitions in different eras is the result of the ways of thought and worldview dominating on that inte More

Nowadays, the position of form in architecture is much more criticized due to a plurality of votes in the regard. The position of form in architecture with different definitions in different eras is the result of the ways of thought and worldview dominating on that intellectual period in which architectural form as the outermost layer is always one of its manifestations. What to be addressed here, is the trend of contemporary intellectual currents influencing the architectural form to be crystallized in particular forms in different periods. According to mentioned notes, in this paper, with the use of text content analysis, it is attempted to analyze the architectural paradigms mainly after the Industrial Revolution in Europe and then to criticize its impact on form in respect to its architectural theories. Finally, the highlighted form features in each period are categorized and specified. Architectural changes over time demonstrate differences in working of creators’ thought, somehow influencing or being influenced by the dominant paradigms of that period. Changes that are increased according to today’s pluralistic world so that we shortly observe, major changes which might be unavoidable in all aspects of society and in the architecture of that time. Form in architecture in respect to its special features in communicating with the surroundings has always undergone fundamental changes considered much at a time, becoming a sort of thinking language and later becoming a cover in displaying totality of architecture. In general, form can be observed as the result of objective ideas affected by a series of factors requiring different senses in any style. Form as one of the most influential indicators shaping architecture framework reflects the worldview defining the dominant thought in that period. It is obvious that there is a close relationship between form and paradigm. Architectural form is always shaped and becomes meaningful under the influence of its dominant paradigm. In addition, other factors such as human mind and imagination also create a wide range of arenas in architecture and art with the aid of technology that each requires a body architecture inspired by the spirit of its time. Form along with the texture, shape and color is among the indicators that influence the definition of body architecture, which has always been much discussed as far as the form-oriented architecture and performance-oriented architecture are among the common concepts in contemporary architecture, considered as a challenge among architects. The Performance-oriented architecture that was founded with the emergence of modern architecture with regarded efficiency and performance as a principle in architecture and offer a new definition of form in architecture that was simplicity and removing the ornaments. The Form-oriented view that was based on the principle of putting form over architecture was mainly promoted by thinkers such as Aldo Rossi, emphasizing form and form complexities as the abstract language of architecture. Generally we observe forming combined views considering the importance of both views in architecture. Emphasis on the concept of form beauties is meaningful along with the proper performance. Manuscript profile

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74 - Architecture and Identity-Explanation of the Meaning of Identity in Pre-Modern, Modern and Post- Modern Eras
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadreza Bemanian Neda Khaksar

Architectural identity is one of the broadest and the most controversial issues in contemporary architecture which raises many challenges in Iran as well as other countries through all parts of the world. The necessity of building an architecture regarding to its substa More

Architectural identity is one of the broadest and the most controversial issues in contemporary architecture which raises many challenges in Iran as well as other countries through all parts of the world. The necessity of building an architecture regarding to its substantial identity is one of the most important challenges in contemporary Iranian architecture. Efforts in moving toward architecture with substantial identity are one of the main responses to human spiritual needs alongside all material ones. The necessity of this issue is highlighted in rules, general acts and formal bills of Iranian authorities; especially in developmental plans. At the first and the second developmental plans, the necessity of an indigenous approach toward vernacular architecture has been emphasized, as well as the importance of Islamic-Iranian identity in contemporary constructions. Also in the third and the fourth development plans, the importance of Islamic-Iranian identity has become explicit as an article in the text of the plans. In the fifth development plan, the Islamic-Iranian identity has been stood as the first priority of the plan commitments. Due to the fact that architecture is the incarnation of visions and ideologies, it has been tried to study in this paper the meaning of identity in pre-modern, modern and post-modern eras in order to find some useful guidelines for contemporary architecture of Iran. For achieving this goal and studying on the evolutional meaning of identity in these three eras, lexical meaning of identity in dictionaries and encyclopedias have been studied in the first phase. Then the opinions of the world influential architectural reflections regarding to identity issue have been studied and presented. Finally the way that these ideas and visions incarnate in architecture in three periods has been analyzed. Finally on the basis of the theoretical framework, the meaning of identity in the field of architecture in the pre-modern, modern and post–modern eras was explained. Interpretive-historical research method has been adopted as the basis of inference mechanism, which supported by analytic-comparative tactics. As the result of this study shows, the meaning of architectural identity is different in pre-modern and post-modern eras, though at first it seems that they might be considered the same as each other. In modern age, although industrial development formed a turning point in the process of history, modern architecture lay at distance from some essential values such as social, cultural and mental values because of their rational visions. Consequently modern architectural spaces were not desirable and eligible ones and validity of them had been reduced. The results of this paper reveal that there is a meaningful collaboration between ideology of the architectural styles and characteristics of the building which  has constructed in pre-modern, modern and post –modern eras. For achievement to architectural identity, architecture should become a collaborative work that crosses different boundaries which can be classified into environmental factors, function of architecture and meaning in architecture. The perspective should aim to achieve essence of identity and to find an interaction between innovation and authenticity which leads to consistency through diversity.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Recognizing Attributes of the City Based on Hafiz’s Opinions
Mohammad Naghizadeh

A shortage (or a lack) in written documents including theoretical foundations of formation of Iranian urban elements and spaces is one of the main problems in the study of Iranian civilization vestiges. Nevertheless, many principles and values, which have played an esse More

A shortage (or a lack) in written documents including theoretical foundations of formation of Iranian urban elements and spaces is one of the main problems in the study of Iranian civilization vestiges. Nevertheless, many principles and values, which have played an essential role in the formation of Iranian civilization, are indicated in a wide range of written documents, such as philosophical, mystical and poetical literature. Moreover, travel accounts and historic books have mentioned these principles and values, which are derived from Iranian ideology and culture, and play a fundamental role in the definition of Iranian utopia and the ideal environment and space for a desired life. Therefore, classification and documentation of these principles and values in addition to seeking their historical evidences through a series of deep and fundamental researches can compensate for the shortage of written documents. Additionally, the role of these principles and values in the manifestation of Iranian utopia and commentary of attributes of historic cities can be recognized.    This article, as a step, endeavors to introduce the principles and values that should be governed over the Iranian utopia according to Hafiz’s opinions derived from his poems. Hafiz, one of the famous Iranian mystic poets, is inspired from the first Islamic principle: Unity (Towhead). Manuscript profile

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76 - Architectural Language of Persian Paintings (Survey of Persian Paintings as Historical Documents of Iranian Islamic Architecture)
Manouchehr Foroutan

  The documents of Iranian Islamic architecture especially visual documents are few and diffuse. However these documents were attended little. Considerable paintings of the Islamic era, especially Ilkhanid, Timurid and early Safavid period have remained that can be More

  The documents of Iranian Islamic architecture especially visual documents are few and diffuse. However these documents were attended little. Considerable paintings of the Islamic era, especially Ilkhanid, Timurid and early Safavid period have remained that can be evaluated and searched. This study, wants to show how Persian paintings (Miniature) as historical documents can be used for cognition Iranian Islamic architecture. What ways can be used for analysis them? What kinds of historical data can be apprehended and how validity them to be assessed? For answering these questions, "language" of Persian paintings must were understood. The research based on historical method. For understanding language of Persian painting applied three strategies:   History of architectural representation was evaluated and tow ways of representation of architecture in painting were obtained.   Expressive features of Persian paintings were reviewed. Therefore, Persian paintings that represented well-known buildings were compared whit the building. For example three paintings from Nezami's quintuplet poem (khamse) were selected and compared by Taq-e-Bostan and also three Persian painting that were represented Mecca.   Persian paintings were compared whit samples of extant Iranian and other Islamic architecture. For example, representation of house in a Persian painting was evaluated.  In each of parts a case was evaluated. Cases review process include: dating  represented architecture and dating Persian painting; evaluating validity of  the painting as historical document; attention to features manuscript; evaluating purports of text and determining the general topics and themes; measure the degree of match with the reality of architecture by  evidence; comparing the Persian painting and contemporaneous extant architecture or other Persian paintings same version or school; detecting architectural elements and details in painting, rereading represented architecture and interpreting it.   Finally, expressive features Persian paintings in representation of Iranian architecture are presented. Briefly Persian  paintings features in the expression of Islamic architecture include: the use of multiple simultaneous isometric perspective; illustrating simultaneously inside and outside the space; imaging asynchronous events in an image; refer the three-dimensional two-dimensional; representing walls up to ceiling indoor; equal importance floor and wall display; components with respect to total of real space; independence scale of building and the human's scale; remove walls to see them back; reduce distances and compact show to space; choose the smallest component of architectural space for illustrating while maintaining a whole room due to limited spaces in the painting; display main elements and display some minor elements; use a virtual frame as metonymy of the inside and outside architecture. In addition, review showed that the difference representation (painting) and reality (building) in known buildings was significant. Referring to other texts (paintings and architecture) and compare those (intertextuality) by methods of historical semantics and symbolic show social meaning of the represented architecture. Using Persian paintings and relying on evidence in other fields can be readout architecture, to pay (for example a house of Ilkhanid period was readout). Persian paintings can be as "cognitive maps" to examine and review aspects of environmental psychology concepts such as "personal space", "proximity ", and "territorial behavior".   Manuscript profile

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77 - Assessing Community Architecture Based on SCI (Case Study: Child-friendly City-BAM)
Hamed Kamelnia Seyed Gholamreza Islami Pirooz Hanachi

User participation in many projects, couldn't reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, More

User participation in many projects, couldn't reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, usage of community architecture is broader than participatory architecture.       Community architecture is a recent approach of achievements by community groups who have been effective in shaping their environment. The term community is used in different ways but two major use are more important: first is the territorial and geographical notion of community-neighborhood, town, and city. The second is relational concerned with quality of character of human relationship without reference to location.      Community Architecture consider to cultural values and behavioral needs of community to improve the quality of the built environment. Different typology of participation exist through a participatory process:”self-mobilization”, “giving information”, ”consultative design”, ”functional participation”, ”interactive participation”, “regionalism” and “interpretive participation”.      Current state of the literature shows tow approaches: first: sociological approach that searching for local community functioning and second: psychological approach that focus on psychological sense of community. Sense of community (SC) factor is a useful assessing tool to find out outcomes of community participation.      SC (sense of community) factors have four elements: 1-membership; 2-influence; 3-integration & fulfillment of needs; and 4-shared emotional connection.      One of the participatory projects in this case, is child-friendly City of BAM.      The CFC project in BAM (after destroyable earthquake 2003 in BAM, IRAN) was searching the main factors that make a city child friendly. Based on this goal, some workshops were hold at 2004 and children participated in order to form their environment. The workshops focused on community participation, using children as key planners of their own environment from city planning to design a school .in these workshops, children participated with some tools such as drawing, role playing, puzzle, workshops, behavioral mapping, etc. After 5 years later, a POE was held to assessing on the projects (dream school). The result shows little relation between children ideas and the built school. Children priorities to design their school is differ to architect priorities and the built environment is not outcome of children participation and their needs and dreams  but there is a relation between SCI factors and children participation.      A correlation research method shows that there is a meaningful relation between SCI factors and participation of users (children) in design process of architecture. On the other hand, existing sense of community factors (in case BAM, this is because of earthquake) among users is a necessary condition to use participatory methods in architectural design process.      Studies of child friendly city project in BAM (post earthquake) shows that we can reach the proper goals of community participation in the built environment, not only by accurate participatory tools, methods and levels, but also with existence of sense of community among the users. So, today new paradigms of community participation in design process is based on SC factors and fostering sense of community among users can provide better context to reach aims of community design. Manuscript profile

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78 - Classification of Iranian Contemporary Architecture, Based on Trends and Challenges
Mahsa Haj Maleki Saeed Haghir

10.30495/ijaud.2020.15953

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79 - The Role of Daylight within the Vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque in Tehran
Seyed Hesamodin Tabibian Farah Habib Seyed Amir Hosein Garakani

10.30495/ijaud.2020.15938

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80 - Investigation of the Effect of Urban Public Spaces on Human Behavior (Case study: Vali Asr s.t in Tehran)
Hazhir Rasoulpour Iraj Etesam Arsalan Tahmasebi

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81 - Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Vernacular Buildings in the Cold and Mountainous Region (Case S‌tudy: Hamadan, Iran)
Farnoush Shams Azad Vahdaneh Fooladi

10.30495/ijaud.2022.18977

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82 - Zone of Transition in Seljuq Dome Chambers of Iran
Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali Sevgi Yilmaz amin moradi

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83 - The Architecture Aspect of Arise from Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy Compared to Modern and Postmodern Architecture
Aliasghar Malekafzali Nahid AminiSoudkolaei

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84 - Interactive Form-Generation in High-Performance Architecture Theory
Anoosha Kia Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad

10.30495/ijaud.2020.15848

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85 - A Comparative S‌tudy on Residential Architecture in the Qajar era (Case S‌tudy: Mansions in Tehran)
Mercedeh Tahmasbifard

10.30495/ijaud.2020.15849

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86 - The Manifes‌tation of the Collective Unconscious in the Architecture of the Safavid Era in Iran (Case S‌tudy: Imam Mosque in Isfahan)
Elham parvizi

10.30495/ijaud.2021.17310

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87 - Maharishi Vedic Architecture and Quality of Life: An International Mixed Methods Study of Lived Experience
Lee Fergusson Sanford Nidich Anna Bonshek Randi Nidich

10.30495/ijaud.2020.16370

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88 - Visual and S‌tructural Analysis of Fractal Geometry in the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque Ornaments (Isfahan- Iran)
Hengame Rezazade

10.30495/ijaud.2021.16769

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89 - The Assessment of some Contextual Architecture Factors with an Approach to Culture and Identity in the State and Public Buildings of Pahlavi Era (Case Study: Oil Cinema, Oil Industry College and National Bank)
Ahmadreza Kaboli Bagher karimi Jamaledin Mahdinejad darzi

10.30495/ijaud.2021.17308

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90 - Construction and Normalization of the Scale of Creativity in Architectural Design
Behnam Kalantari Abdolmajid Nourtaghani Mohammad Farrokhzad

10.30495/ijaud.2022.62175.1544

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91 - Explaining the Concepts of Organizing Desirable Housing in the Corporate Town (Case S‌tudy: New site and AB & Bargh Residential Complexes)
Sajad Memardezfouli Mohammad Ebrahim Mazhari

10.30495/ijaud.2022.64823.1580

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92 - Contemplation on the Potential of Nature in Developing Inventive Architectural Concepts
Babak Ashtari Mansour Yegane Khosro Daneshjoo

10.30495/ijaud.2022.17401

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93 - Effective Areas and Solutions for Sustainability Education Development in Iranian Architecture Universities
Mohammad Taghavi Bafghi Hamed Moztarzadeh Khosro Movahed

10.30495/ijaud.2022.18052

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94 - Vernacular Architecture of Bakhtiari Tribal Black Tents
parisa salehi Meghedy Khodabakhshian

10.30495/ijaud.2022.57468.1492

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95 - Inves‌tigating the Impact of Exterior Window Shutters on Indoor Climate Conditions in Humid and Temperate Climate
Milad karimi Shahin Heidari Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

10.30495/ijaud.2023.22569

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96 - Assessment of Influential Components in Vernacular Housing Architecture of Villages in the Gilan Plain
Hesam Fathi Saqalaksari Neda Sadat Sahragard Monfared Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar

10.30495/ijaud.2023.22571

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97 - Determining the Influential Components on the Continuity of 'Iranian Architectural Identity' during the first Pahlavi Era (Case Study: The Selected Buildings in Tehran)
Majid Riyahizadeh Mohammad Mansour Falamaki Mohammadreza Pourzargar

10.30495/ijaud.2022.67181.1602

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98 - An Integrated Model of Lean Construction and Off-Site Construction for Industrialization Architecture: Review and Future Directions
Nastaran Esmaeili Mohsen Vafamehr Hassan Rezaei Ali Khaki

10.30495/ijaud.2023.22185

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99 - Deleuze's Philosophy and its Impact on Late 20th Century Architectural Theory: A S‌tudy of ANY Magazine
Ehsan Kakhani Zohreh Tafazzoli

10.30495/ijaud.2023.73482.1686

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100 - Investigating the Factors Influencing the Diversity of the Various Residential Buildings Façades (Case S‌tudy: Vali-Asr Neighborhood in Tabriz)
Hajar Panahi Barjay Lida Balilan Asl Dariush Sattarzadeh

10.30495/ijaud.2023.21102

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101 - Analysis of the Quality of Light Obtained from the Stained Glass Windows of Traditional Iranian Architecture based on the Color Temperature Curve (CIE)
Faeze Barzegari Naeini Hossein Soltanzadeh Shervin Mirshahzadeh Seyed Zaeem Moosavi Mohammadi

10.30495/ijaud.2023.73494.1687

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102 - Exploring the Intersection of Tradition and Innovation in Pahlavi II Architecture: A Case Study of Pahlavi II Period Buildings in Sanandaj and Analysis of Added and Removed Elements in Comparison to Traditional Period
khaled Azizzadeh Lida Balilan Salahedin Molanaei

ABSTRACT: This article presents a case study exploring the intersection of tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture, with a focus on Pahlavi II period buildings in Sanandaj. The research investigates the incorporation of traditional elements and the introduct More

ABSTRACT: This article presents a case study exploring the intersection of tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture, with a focus on Pahlavi II period buildings in Sanandaj. The research investigates the incorporation of traditional elements and the introduction of innovative design approaches during this architectural period. By analyzing the added and removed elements in comparison to the traditional period, the study seeks to identify the key factors influencing the transformation of architectural features. The research methodology involves site visits, interviews with architectural experts and local residents, and archival research to gather data on the architectural design choices and motivations. The findings reveal a harmonious integration of traditional and innovative elements in Pahlavi II buildings in Sanandaj. The analysis of added and removed elements sheds light on the dynamic nature of architectural evolution, providing insights into the influence of cultural and historical factors on design decisions. The study highlights the importance of preserving cultural heritage while embracing innovation and modernity in architectural design. It also emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to design that takes into account social, cultural, and environmental factors. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture and its impact on built environments. The research provides valuable insights for architects, designers, and policymakers seeking to create sustainable and culturally sensitive built environments. Manuscript profile

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103 - Modern Architecture in Nigeria and It’s Trends in Historical Buildings (Failure of modernist in Conservation andRestoration of Historical Buildings)
Bilyaminu Musa

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104 - The Sustainable Architecture of Bazaars and its Relation with Social, Cultural and Economic Components (Case Study: The Historic Bazaar of Tabriz)
Arezou Mohammadi Kalan Eduardo Oliveira

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105 - Emerging Mosque Architecture (New Architectural vocabulary in Secular Nepal)
Bijaya K. Shrestha Sushmita Shrestha

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106 - Typology of Earth-shelter Architecture in Iran
Meghedy Khodabakhshian Seyed Majid Mofidi Farah Habib

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107 - Early Islamic Architecture and Structural Configurations
Kubilay Kaptan

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108 - Light Processing in Iranian Houses; Manifestation of Meanings and Concepts
Farah Habib Fariba Alborzi Iraj Etessam

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109 - The developments Trend of Islamic Inscriptions in the Building Portals of Dezfoul City
Mahnoush Mahmoudi Hossein Zabihi Iraj Etesam

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110 - An Architectural Tale of the Two Cities
Mohmmad Hassan Ebrahimi

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111 - The Theory of “Living Time ” in Periodization of Iranian Architectural History
Mehrdad Qayyoomi Bidhendi

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112 - An Analytical Approach to Persian Gulf Architecture
Bagher Karimi

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113 - Social and Cultural Sustainability
Hengameh Haghi Hossein Zabihi

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114 - Architecture Students’ Understanding of Landscape Issues in Design Studios (A Comparison Approach in Some Tehran Architecture Schools)
Mehdi Khakzand

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115 - Comparative Study of Symbol: Iranian Contemporary Architecture and Seljuk (Case Study:Tombes)
mehrvash kazemi shishavan Rana Maleki

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116 - Recognition of Cognition Issue in Islamic Architecture Creation
Nasim Ashrafi Mohammad Naghizadeh

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117 - The Impact of Architectural Competitions on the Improvement of the Post-Revolution Architecture in Iran
Reza FarmahiniFarahani Iraj Etesam Seyed Rahman Eghbali

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118 - Comparative Analysis of Common Patterns of Language and Architecture in Traditional and Modern Mosques of Iran (Cases Study: Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Nasir Al-Molk Mosque, Al-Ghadir Mosque, Shahrak-e-Gharb Central Mosque)
Faezeh Shooshtari Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

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119 - The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

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120 - Vernacular Architecture Values
Sasan Khatibi

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121 - The Principle of Amazements in Iranian Islamic Architecture and the Role of Decoration
Siavosh Saberi Kakhaki

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122 - Studying the Effect of Schools Environment Architecture on Students Identity Formation in Iran High Schools
Mohammad Kazemi Laleh Nazari

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123 - Explaining the Criterion to assess the Islamic architecture and city A survey in an overt and covert reality in Islamic architecture and city
Mohammad Naghizadeh Mohammadmehdi Goodarzisoroush

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124 - Investigating the Effective Physical Factorson Promoting Social Interactions in CulturalComplexes
Anna Bahmanyar Maryam Cheshmehghassabani

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125 - An Evaluation of Zendeveri (Lifelikeness) in the Architecture of Imam Jome’eh House in Isfahan
Houtan Iravani Farideh Salehi neda zamani Elnaz Hashemi

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126 - Globalization Issues Regarding Contemporary Architecture of Iran
Mohammad Reza Mahmoody

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127 - Definition of Architecture
Afra Gharibpour

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128 - Climatic Building Envelope Employed in Vernacular Residential Architecture in Golestan-Iran
Hossein Soltanzadeh Maziar Ghaseminia

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129 - The Influence of Paris School of Fine Arts on Architecture Education in Iran
Hassan Rezaei Iraj Etessam Seyed Mustafa MokhtabadAmre’ei

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130 - Architectural Objectives in Tropical Climates (Comparing Climatic Patterns in Vernacular Houses of Bandar-e-Lenge and Dezful)
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Niloufar Nikghadam

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131 - The Place and Influence of Intuition in the Creativity of the Architecture Designing Process
Mehran Kheirollahi

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132 - Role of Social Trends in Appearance of Iranian National Architectural Movements
Jamaleddin Soheili

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133 - Effects of Temperature Fluctuation and Air Aridity on Architecture (Case Study: Dastkand Village Located at Kerman Province)
Zahra Barzegar Nooshin Karimi

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134 - Surveying and Categorizing the Proportion Values of Various Types of Safavid Dynasty1’s Buildings
Homan Khajeh Pour Jamalddin Soheili

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135 - The Development of Bricks Ornamentation from the early Islamic Centuries to the End of Kharazmshahian Period in the Architecture of Mosques in Iran
Habib Shahbazi Shiran Mehran Montashery mehdi hosseni Zahra Mohammadian Farsani

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136 - A Review on the Extent of Urban Design Intervention in Iran’s Architectural Structures for Interaction with Architectural Innovation
Neda Feizi Najafi

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137 - Sema and Its Related Spaces Effects on Framework, Architectural and Urban Spaces of Chalapioghlu Khangah (Zanjan,Iran)
Mehrvash Kazemi Parisa Vahdat Ghasemi Amin Alizadeh

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138 - Analysis of the Liquid Architecture Ideology Based on Marcos Novak’s Theories
Siamak panahi Anoosha Kia Nazanin Bahrami Samani

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139 - Cultural interactions of the Mongols with the Europeans and its impact on the architecture of the buildings of Iran by examining two examples of the mosque and the Gothic church
Ali Bakhtar reza farmahini farahani hosein moradi nasab

10.30495/jcm.2022.62604.1549

The Mongols began construction after the invasion of Iran and the initial destruction. And they formed their architecture in continuation of the architecture of the past, but with a higher height at the entrance. The beginning of cultural and economic relations between More

The Mongols began construction after the invasion of Iran and the initial destruction. And they formed their architecture in continuation of the architecture of the past, but with a higher height at the entrance. The beginning of cultural and economic relations between Iran and Europe was formed during this period. Political relations improved and trade between the Iilkhani and the Europeans flourished. This period coincided with the period of European Gothic architecture، Its main feature is the height in construction. Therefore, by examining and comparing two cases of Iilkhani mosques with two cases of Gothic churches by a qualitative comparative comparison method Studied the influence of Gothic architecture on the entrance architecture of Iilkhani mosques In this regard, after examining the role of cultural interactions between Mongols and Europeans and studying the entrances of mosques And churches and compare subscriptions and differentiate indicators It was observed that contrary to researchers' perceptions, the effects of this interaction in the field of architecture, especially in the formation of the entrance of the building has not been effective. And the theory of building elevation is still valid due to the creation of urban symbols and Thiol structure. Manuscript profile

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140 - An Analysis of Venacular Architecture With emphasis of Residents' Lifestyle in order to Perceptual Homogeneity In the indigenous Built environment. (Case Study: Old tissue of Bushehr)
mohammad ali rahimi bagher karimi

vernacular architecture has been studied in different ways. The present study focuses on a problem-based approach to mid-scale (neighborhood) venacular architecture to enhance the subjective and perceptual homogeneity of audiences of indigenous human environments. At fi More

vernacular architecture has been studied in different ways. The present study focuses on a problem-based approach to mid-scale (neighborhood) venacular architecture to enhance the subjective and perceptual homogeneity of audiences of indigenous human environments. At first, the concepts and methods of studying indigenous architecture were evaluated, and later the concepts of human lifestyle with their explicit and hidden aspects as the most important variables of perceptual homogeneity were examined. To explain the perceptual and subjective homogeneity of audiences from the artificial environment, a theoretical framework of research based on the relationship between the indigenous human environment as a system of activity and human life through the use of the theories of Amos Rapport and other experts and the approval of 15 academic experts, formulated and results. It was scrutinized. Based on a qualitative approach with a descriptive and analytical approach, the concepts and theoretical factors were explained and the purposeful selection of the indigenous tissue architecture of Bushehr as a case study was carried out. To this end, research has been undertaken in this field (library and Internet studies including books, documents, papers, and research by other domestic and foreign researchers). The results of promoting perceptual homogeneity in the environment, increasing individual predictability and decreasing psychological stress, strengthening defense and psychological and cultural mechanisms, ... Partnerships and close communication are flexibility, mutual support during times of cultural change, environmental pressures, cultural groups, immigrant satisfaction. Manuscript profile

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141 - Evaluation of the influential components of the physical factors of social participation in the student camp scenery architecture
Nastaran Abdollahpour Jamalledin Soheili

10.30495/jisds.2007.21243

camp is an organized, systematic and purposeful activity which is held in a group with specific programs and supervised by coach in an environment outside the school, out of daily activities scope and in a completely diverse, friendly, jolly environment with the goal of More

camp is an organized, systematic and purposeful activity which is held in a group with specific programs and supervised by coach in an environment outside the school, out of daily activities scope and in a completely diverse, friendly, jolly environment with the goal of training and construction. One of the most important factors contributing to the continuity of human life is the cooperation and participation of human beings. The purpose of the research is to identify the components of the physical factors of social participation in the architecture of Students Camp, and this is a social and cultural issue which determines individual relationship and behavior on social groups that can be considered predominant factor in shaping social behavior. The method of this research is survey and based on the questionnaire of information gathering tool and the method of inductive reasoning. The statistical population is the kids of 11, 12 and 13 years old who answer the questionnaire questions. The present study uses SPSS analytical software to analyze the responses and ultimately, with respect to the components affecting social participation such as creating a sense of belonging to a place, converting the subjectivity to the objectivity and unity in the creation of communal spaces Participatory architecture will be achieved in Students Camp learning and satisfaction. Manuscript profile

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142 - The role of social values in the architectural structure of houses of the Qajar period of Yazd from the perspective of the Quran
Pantea Baghdadi Abolghasem Dadvar maryam sabeti

10.30495/jisds.2022.68944.11782

Introduction: Architectural design of traditional Iranian houses is influenced by various factors such as religion, culture, geographical and social characteristics. In the meantime, paying attention to moral and social values and principles derived from the rules of Is More

Introduction: Architectural design of traditional Iranian houses is influenced by various factors such as religion, culture, geographical and social characteristics. In the meantime, paying attention to moral and social values and principles derived from the rules of Islam has led to the spiritual and relaxing functions of traditional places. This research investigates the role of social values in the architectural structure of traditional Qajar houses in Yazd from the perspective of the Quran, and its purpose is to analyze the objective manifestation of these characteristics in the architectural structure of these houses.Research method: The type of research was descriptive-analytical, which was first extracted through library research methods, concepts related to the subject from the books of some experts, thinkers, Islamic verses and traditions, then the role of social values in the architectural structure of traditional houses was discussed and interpreted.Results: The results of the research show that social values from the perspective of the Quran are considered in the architecture of traditional houses, and people take examples from the Quranic verses and Islamic traditions in this case, and its effects are in the form of respect for privacy, the importance of hospitality, the rights of neighbors, avoiding extravagance and Observance of contentment, lack of nobles, discipline and observance of hygiene have been manifested.Conclusion: The results show that the characteristics and values of Islam are well shown in the Islamic Iranian houses, and besides the practical features, it also provides the beauty and naturalness of the building materials. Manuscript profile

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143 - A comparative study of smart city with organizational architecture of information-communication technology of the municipality
saeed Hadari Mohammad Hakak Reza sepahvande Amir Hooshang NazarPoori

10.30495/jisds.2022.64669.11659

What leads a city towards the right structure of smart urban management is how the main Beneficiaries of the smart city plan for urban management, the most important of which is to improve the quality of life of citizens. The purpose and innovation of research is the th More

What leads a city towards the right structure of smart urban management is how the main Beneficiaries of the smart city plan for urban management, the most important of which is to improve the quality of life of citizens. The purpose and innovation of research is the theoretical design of organizational architecture in the field of information and communication technology based on the logic of citizenship and comparative study in order to identify and evaluate the performance of other smart cities. This research has studied the organizational architecture of this field in the urban management of Shiraz Municipality according the comparative studies of smart city of Amsterdam, with a fundamental work approach and using a descriptive-analytical method. The main question examined in this study is how the Amsterdam Smart City has evolved closer to the appropriate organizational architecture of the Smart City? By answering this question, the organizational architecture of the field of information and communication technology in Shiraz has been defined with the smart city approach and according to the obtained results. Manuscript profile

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144 - Massive Modularity Hypothesis, Heuristic and Cognitive Bias: Competitor or Complementary
Aida Rezaei

In the cognitive sciences, two distinct theories have been proposed about the structure of the human mind, both of which are evolutionary but also different. One of them is the theory of evolutionary psychology and its related claim to the massive modularity hypothesis, More

In the cognitive sciences, two distinct theories have been proposed about the structure of the human mind, both of which are evolutionary but also different. One of them is the theory of evolutionary psychology and its related claim to the massive modularity hypothesis, which considers the mind as a set of modules. Another is the simple heuristic and its related claim to the existence of an adaptive toolbox in cognitive methods that assigns mind guidance to the existence of a set of heuristics. Both theories seek to explain cultural diversity by applying these modules/ heuristics. Although proponents of each do not routinely mention the existence of another theory, both theories, both the massive modularity hypothesis and the existing idea of heuristics in the mind, seek to provide explanations not only from an evolutionary perspective but also in comparative psychology (Which compares the behavior of non-human species) are also acceptable. They also want to explain how cognitive processes are processed in our minds. However, at first, there are reasons to think that these theories offer explanations of human cognition that are incompatible with each other or undermine each other. What is challenged in this article is how a human being, who has always been influenced by a variety of heuristics, cognitive biases, and irrationality in reasoning, judgment, and decision-making during the process of evolution, can have a massive modular cognitive structure in its mind. And be organized to have a logical function Manuscript profile

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145 - Encountering Architecture as an Event for Derrida
Sharareh Teimouri Shamsolmolok Mostafavi

10.30495/pi.2022.20604

Although it seems that deconstruction disintegrates everything, it provides a basis for everything in Derrida's philosophy. As Derrida defines deconstruction on collapsing and rebuilding, event has no exception to this definition. Events, like Derrida's other discussion More

Although it seems that deconstruction disintegrates everything, it provides a basis for everything in Derrida's philosophy. As Derrida defines deconstruction on collapsing and rebuilding, event has no exception to this definition. Events, like Derrida's other discussions, are so intertwined that we cannot distinguish between them. But what is the event, and why is it an internal matter that takes credit from our internal and intuition? Why is it artificial? Derrida considers architecture to be an event type, and the style of deconstruction in architecture is an event definer? Thus, the explanation of Derrida's view of the event and its relation to art and architecture are manifested in features such undeconstructible, unpredictability of the event. For Derrida, therefore, the event is an instantaneous that even defines architecture in a "moment," and only from this dimension can it reach a consensus with architecture. In addition, deconstruction style in architecture takes us out of the ordinary cognition of form and space, and it can be an objective example of the subject of occurrence in architecture. Manuscript profile

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146 - Implementing climate classification system architecture In Khorasan Razavi
سعید کامیابی

Architecture design with climate data and making it possible location is the thermal requirements. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate climate classification and its compliance with the principles of vernacular architecture in Khorasan Razavi province ofte More

Architecture design with climate data and making it possible location is the thermal requirements. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate climate classification and its compliance with the principles of vernacular architecture in Khorasan Razavi province often introverted architecture, first by extracting climatic elements needed in four climate classification system (coupons, Ivanov, Emberger and Demarton ), during a time interval to most cities in Khorasan Razavi province took place This research was an analytical descriptive compilation along with a look at the survey and survey longitudinal approach (continuous) is done The use of methods to assess climate classification architecture compatible with the climate and conditions of vernacular architecture for cities in Khorasan Razavi province were provided in tables and maps Manuscript profile

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147 - Reviews of modern technologies in the design of the mosque in the city of Zahedan
پوریا طالبی

A mosque, a place of prostration and humility and strain before the servants of God "Allah" as is, where to build a relationship with God and expressing devotion to the divinity and greatness of the Creator and small. The sanctity of the mosque, in the same Reciprocity More

A mosque, a place of prostration and humility and strain before the servants of God "Allah" as is, where to build a relationship with God and expressing devotion to the divinity and greatness of the Creator and small. The sanctity of the mosque, in the same Reciprocity "Abdul and divinity of the Lord" lies. This research effort designed to recognize the fundamental principles of contemporary architecture mosque in Iran. Physical concepts designed to determine the content of Islamic architecture in the mosque, meaning the origin of its structural elements were examined. So Islamic architecture and the architecture of a specific location indicator is the growth and prosperity. Therefore, we can say that the mosque design approach in terms of time and space and contemporary works are not necessarily constant signs of the past, not today is symbolic elements in the urban landscape, while in most modern mosques, as well as form and shape patterns of the past, today's reference design is. The aim of this study was to investigate sustainable architecture and specifically the use of modern technologies to design a mosque in Zahedan. The research method is descriptive - analytic case study and collect data library is done. In this study, the mosque, the quantitative and qualitative benefits of using modern technologies in design is discussed. Then climatic conditions and specific architectural expression of Zahedan in throughput. Finally, the modern technology in the design of the mosque in Zahedan be examined. Manuscript profile

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148 - Architecture Follows Nature(Biotechnology A smart approach to energy conservation in building skins)
saba kheradmand hassan satari sarbangholi

Since 1970, a major problem worldwide is energy shortage along with the high consumption of energy in buildings. Architects are attempting to find solutions for managing buildings energy consumption. One innovative approach is Biomimicry. A subcategory of biomimicry is More

Since 1970, a major problem worldwide is energy shortage along with the high consumption of energy in buildings. Architects are attempting to find solutions for managing buildings energy consumption. One innovative approach is Biomimicry. A subcategory of biomimicry is building skin which forms the entire exterior of the building. It is the boundary through which the buildings interaction with the environment occurs. Proper management of the building skin can significantly reduce the building's energy demand. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the ability of reducing energy consumption by applying the biomimicry approach on buildings skin design. In order To achieve this aim, a research methodology has been designed to accomplish four objectives. First, it will carry out an in depth research on biomimicry, skin, and biomimicry in building skin through the study of existing literature. Second, international case studies will be presented and analyzed in terms of usage of biomimicry, in addition to, the impact it had on reducing the buildings energy consumption. Finally it will conclude with guidelines for building skin biomimicry design for more efficient energy consumption in buildings. Manuscript profile

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149 - The manifestation of geometry and proportionality in the architecture of traditional Iranian architecture in the geographical range of Azerbaijan
nasim najafgholipour Eraj Etesam Farah Habib

The geographic area of Azerbaijan is one of the most powerful Iranian architectural centers that has experienced architectural flourishing in the seventh and eighth centuries and created a style called "Azeri". Many of the works of this period have been destroyed by e More

The geographic area of Azerbaijan is one of the most powerful Iranian architectural centers that has experienced architectural flourishing in the seventh and eighth centuries and created a style called "Azeri". Many of the works of this period have been destroyed by earthquake and war. Among the works remaining in the territory of Azerbaijan is the mosque building, which can provide useful information about the geometry and proportions related to architecture related to that period. Therefore, the present study uses an analytical-descriptive research method to investigate the geometry and proportions in the traditional Azeri style buildings in Azerbaijan, an attempt to remind of the privileged position of geometry in the design of the old architecture, which, in addition to the possibility of a more correct understanding of architecture Traditional can be a way of organizing the current unfavorable present-day style of design in an innovative way. Manuscript profile

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150 - The feasibility of designing and renovating design environments in the national building regulations based on the LEED Governorate
atlas fakoor vahid ghobadiyan

Climate change in the world, which has been linked to the rise in human activities, has caused alarming environmental pollution in the world to spark the future for human life. The interactions between climate and architecture in order to achieve the goal of reducing en More

Climate change in the world, which has been linked to the rise in human activities, has caused alarming environmental pollution in the world to spark the future for human life. The interactions between climate and architecture in order to achieve the goal of reducing environmental pollution by reducing energy consumption and modeling green buildings and sustainability in architecture is one of the major goals of this issue. The precision of micro and macro scale location, as well as the respect and care of the local features of plants and living organisms, is also the coordination and consistency of the development of designs with the native features of the area of the most important rocks of the colonial green. This research tries to rank it in Leed standard according to the rules of national regulations of Iran with an analytical and comparative comparative method based on sndand studies and library researches. Manuscript profile

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151 - Green Roof An effective solution to reduce the pollution of buildings in the city (results according to the recipe in leed and bream)
nehri nishaboori وحید قبادیان

Increasing the pollution of the place, especially the impact of buildings on human beings, has led to finding solutions that reduce pollution in the environment. The extent and importance of the issue of pollution in the environment makes it more urgent to address these More

Increasing the pollution of the place, especially the impact of buildings on human beings, has led to finding solutions that reduce pollution in the environment. The extent and importance of the issue of pollution in the environment makes it more urgent to address these guidelines. It illustrates the solutions that operate on the basis of various approaches to the object and purpose of controlling the pollution of buildings. Reducing contamination, carbon dioxide emissions, carbon sequestration, increasing the life span of the roof, reducing waste production using the bottom soil as a small landfill for waste with a very low amount, increasing water quality by drainage of sewage, and creating an insulation against noise pollution. To achieve this goal, because of the high density in cities and the lack of space for the expansion of green space, green roofs are much more effective. To justify what our horizons are in the design and use of green roofs to control contaminations such as carbon dioxide and the use of optimal water recycling systems, there are instructions and definitions that can be found in the set of recommendations and in the expression And it is standardized in design. Manuscript profile

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152 - The new urban park design for the development of children's creativity
زینب سادات میرحبیبیان حسینی نسیم اشرافی

کودکان و خلاقیت آنان یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم هر جامعه میباشد. یکی از محیطهایی که تاثیر بسیار در سطح پرورش و خلاقیت کودکان دارد، پارکها هستند. در این بین، ایجاد فضاهایی متناسب با ویژگیهای روانشناختی کودکان برای تحقق بخشی به افزایش رشد خلاقیت و تدوین دستورالعمل های خاص برا More

کودکان و خلاقیت آنان یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم هر جامعه میباشد. یکی از محیطهایی که تاثیر بسیار در سطح پرورش و خلاقیت کودکان دارد، پارکها هستند. در این بین، ایجاد فضاهایی متناسب با ویژگیهای روانشناختی کودکان برای تحقق بخشی به افزایش رشد خلاقیت و تدوین دستورالعمل های خاص برای ارائه خدمات به کودکان است...در این پژوهش، ضمن بررسی عوامل موثر بر افزایش و رشد خلاقیت کودکان سعی بر پیشنهاد طراحی مناسب برای پارکها در جهت این ارتقای میباشد. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش، به صورت تحلیلی توصیفی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای و مصاحبه می باشد.. Manuscript profile

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153 - The Study architecture of Tehran municipality, District 5 is based on climatic elements
M. Habibi-Khmeneh H. Mohammadi

With respect to Mehrabad Station, District 5 is located at the longitude of 51° 19’, latitude of 35° 41’ and height of 1191 meters with special topographic conditions. the district is warm and dry in summer, and cold and dry in winter. The study on c More

With respect to Mehrabad Station, District 5 is located at the longitude of 51° 19’, latitude of 35° 41’ and height of 1191 meters with special topographic conditions. the district is warm and dry in summer, and cold and dry in winter. The study on climate and architecture of District 5 is conducted aiming to use the climatic elements to provide comfort. The data of Mehrabad synoptic station during a 20-year statistical period (1981-2010) were used to achieve the goals of the present study. According to the methods such as Olgi and Climate Consultant (software), the bioclimatic conditions were used to determine thermal comfort zone. The results obtained from the research show that the appropriate direction for constructing building would be north – south direction stretching along east – west. If laws of architecture are executed using thermal comfort indices, duration of using heating and cooling units in building located in District 5 of Tehran will be reduced. -size:11.0pt;line-height:80%;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Climate Consultant برای تعیین محدوده آسایش دمایی استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان می دهد که جهت استقرار مناسب ساختمان جهت شمالی- جنوبی با کشیدگی در راستای شرقی- غربی می باشد اگر احکام معماری به وسیله شاخص های آسایش دمایی انجام شود زمان استفاده از وسایل گرمایشی و سرمایشی در ساختمانهای منطقه 5 شهر تهران کاهش می یابد.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - Architecture compatible with Sour village climate in East Azarbiajan region by Ray MAN index
Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Hadi Rezanegad aslbonab

Sour is one of the Bonab province villages in east Azarbiajan by cultural value among rockyvaluable villages belong to notional heritage that it has been registered by cultural heritageorganization, hand-made crafts and tourism organization. Establishment of optimal, dy More

Sour is one of the Bonab province villages in east Azarbiajan by cultural value among rockyvaluable villages belong to notional heritage that it has been registered by cultural heritageorganization, hand-made crafts and tourism organization. Establishment of optimal, dynamicvillage spaces from socio- cultural, economical, environmental and structural view points isthe strategically good of village regions quality promotion, so by reviewing and investigationof climate based architecture, the village residential complexes are constructed based onstructural fabric and vernacular patterns, today employing new generation of convenientclimate indices are identified as physiologic-temperature indices. Health is considered inurban climate studies and other aspects like tourism. In this research, sour convenient climateconditions are evaluated by physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Predicted Mean vote(PMV) and standard effective temperature (SET) based on human body energy balance thatthe effect of climate, thermo physiology and activity are expressed. In analysis of convenientclimate of sour PET, PMV, and SET have been used. The climatic data were collected fromthe near synoptic station and the climate was studied daily and monthly. Among RAYMANmodel criteria PET was selected as the best pattern the results show that climatic convenientperiod is 44days by maximum in khordad and mehr. By lock at thermal stress, this village isin severe and medium cold stress in 179 days by considering radiation angle and direction andwind direction. The propositions have been proposed proportionate with the village climate.According to analyses, the best direction for construction of the houses is between 45. Southeast and 45. South west and the best direction is 15-30. South east with the highest winterradiation and lowest effete of winter and fall wind that is compatible with the region climate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - Prioritizing factors affecting the establishment and application of green architecture standards in the sports structure of Iran
ali rezaei Ali Fahiminezhad bagher morsal hooman bahmanpour

10.30495/ums.2024.23125

The purpose of this research is to prioritize the factors and components affecting the use of green architecture in the sports structure of Iran. The type of research is descriptive which was done through a survey. The statistical sample was 185 people and included expe More

The purpose of this research is to prioritize the factors and components affecting the use of green architecture in the sports structure of Iran. The type of research is descriptive which was done through a survey. The statistical sample was 185 people and included expert experts in architecture, energy and management of sports venues and spaces. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire designed based on the green building certification (LEED, 2016). The method of scoring this tool was based on a five-point Likert scale. In order to analyze statistical data, inferential statistics methods were used. Confirmatory factor analysis using Lisrel software was used to check the construct validity of the measuring instrument, and Friedman's ranking test was used to prioritize the research items with the help of SPSS software. It showed that a total of 7 components and 23 items are considered as effective factors. From the point of view of the experts, the component "optimal technology" with a factor of (0.915) has the most importance, and the component "analysis and site selection" with a factor of (0.707) has the least importance in terms of factors affecting green architecture in Iran's sports structure. They assigned themselves. Since the adjusted goodness of fit index was 0.9, as a result, the overall fit is also confirmed.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - Analyze of Crisis Management in the System Identity of Contemporary Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning
nasim ashrafi

Introduction and Purpose of the Research: Understanding the crisis requires the systematization of theories. Today, crisis management in the field of architecture and urban planning is the focus of attention of most architects and urban planners, while the cultural, eco More

Introduction and Purpose of the Research: Understanding the crisis requires the systematization of theories. Today, crisis management in the field of architecture and urban planning is the focus of attention of most architects and urban planners, while the cultural, economic, political and social crises in this area have been neglected. Cultural crisis as the basis of other crises is a topic that should be considered more than once, and without a systemic view of organizing architects, economists, sociologists and politicians, this crisis can not be overcome. Research method: library and analytical Results: The present study, based on a systematic approach in the cultural, social, economic, and political spheres, and by comparing three fundamental methods, spectrum and survival management in crisis management, introduced the method of research in architectural crises of a fundamental type and identified the above crises In the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution in the domain of housing, which is rooted in the paradigm of Western individualism. Conclusion: The macroeconomic attitude in the field of crisis management in architecture and urbanism is one of the issues that should be addressed. as long as the thought of the verdict as the spirit of the system in creating the structure between the components of the system (architects, economists, politicians and sociologists ); The function of the architecture system and the urbanization of the product would be dumb and useless. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - Analyzing the Quality of the Interior Spaces of the Faculty of Architecture with an Emphasis on Thermal Comfort and Cognitive Performance of Students(Case Study: Faculty of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch)
Hamed Ahmadi Mojtaba noorllahi mohmmadreza Soleimani Ehsan Bitaraf

10.30495/ums.2023.22988

Introduction and purpose of the research: Today, the design and construction of architecture schools in order to improve the quality of education and also increase creativity among students is of great importance. Be effective in the cognitive performance of students. F More

Introduction and purpose of the research: Today, the design and construction of architecture schools in order to improve the quality of education and also increase creativity among students is of great importance. Be effective in the cognitive performance of students. For this reason, it is considered as one of the most important concerns of human beings in the last half century and has been of great interest to researchers. In this research, it was investigated and compared the cognitive performance of people in the real range in the classrooms. To investigate their performance in different temperature ranges, 220 architecture students of Ilam branch of Islamic Azad University were selected by systematic random sampling method. The state of thermal comfort and cognitive functions of people were evaluated after measuring environmental factors through questionnaires and standard cognitive function software.  Findings: The results of this research show that the thermal comfort of the Faculty of Architecture is not within the range of international standards, and different temperature ranges have been recorded. Also, according to the obtained statistics, students have a good sense of belonging to the faculty, and this high sense of belonging has led to improvement in students' cognitive performance. Conclusion: The cognitive performance of the students in this research was statistically acceptable, and in this regard, it can be said that the difference between the field results and the predictions of reliable standards such as Ashri may be due to getting used to the environmental conditions. In which the test was held and it was also mentioned in other studies.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

158 - A Study on Cognitive Maps about Space Perception by the Elderlies (Case study: Kahrizak Nursing Home)
Farnaz Cheraghifar Hossein Soltanzadeh Hadi Ghoddusifar

10.30495/ums.2022.20839

Introduction and purpose of the research: This article aimed to identify the cognitive aspects of the elderly residents of Kehrizak nursing home in Tehran in order to obtain basic data and cognitive elements of the elderly using cognitive maps, and in order to identify More

Introduction and purpose of the research: This article aimed to identify the cognitive aspects of the elderly residents of Kehrizak nursing home in Tehran in order to obtain basic data and cognitive elements of the elderly using cognitive maps, and in order to identify the influencing indicators in the perception and recognition of space by the elderly and to identify the variables It is effective in the perception of space by using cognitive maps. Method: In terms of nature, the current research is a descriptive and correlational research method, and it was conducted as a case study. The library-document method was used to collect information, the field and observation method was used to measure the current situation, and the interview tool and cognitive mapping technique were used to collect the research data. Findings: The findings of the research show that the average perceived cognitive elements of women's group is more than men's group and the type of drawing cognitive map of spatial elements is more in women's group than in men's group. Increasing the length of stay did not affect the number of elements perceived in the cognitive maps; The length of stay was positively related to the type of cognitive map of successive elements. With the increase of the duration of stay, the cognitive map of the type of sequential elements increased. Conclusion: The majority of known spaces in cognitive maps represent a place for people's memories. Creating memorable spaces affects residents' knowledge of the living environment. It is better to improve cognitive spaces before reducing the cognitive abilities of the elderly.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - The Emergence of Spatial Phenomenology in Architecture Confronts Cultural studies approach (Case Study: The Historical Bazaar of Tabriz)*
Farnaz Khiabani Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi Shahriar Shaghaghi Azita Balali oskoyi

10.30495/ums.2023.23119

 Introduction and purpose of the research: The historical market of Tabriz can be considered as a clear example of the native culture of Iran with the dimensions of cultural scope, meaning as well as place and history in the current research. The aim of the current More

 Introduction and purpose of the research: The historical market of Tabriz can be considered as a clear example of the native culture of Iran with the dimensions of cultural scope, meaning as well as place and history in the current research. The aim of the current research is to investigate the process of the phenomenological dimension of the semantic place in the architecture of the historical market of Tabriz through the approach of cultural studies, which explores the level of the semantic value of the place in that axis.Research method: the present article can be called a descriptive-analytical research, which first studied the location dimension in terms of a semantic concept from the theoretical aspect in library resources, and then in relation to its structure; Based on the written documentation, it has had a qualitative-quantitative analysis.Findings: In examining the concept of place and the cultural components that influence the meaning of place, we aim to introduce the ability of the historical market of Tabriz as a symbol of a meaningful place based on the researches carried out according to the books, articles and thoughts of expert thinkers, which was carried out in the face of the integration of spatial structure that includes the process of concepts and functional continuity. It is appreciated.Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the historical market of Tabriz as an architectural place is emphasized in explaining the perceptions and experiences of people with spatial semantic dimensions and its meaning in their culturedness from the dimension arising from the phenomenology of spatial meaning. So, in investigating the application of the phenomenology method, it is due to the fact that it is one of the most used methods in the field of qualitative research, as well as an efficient approach in studies related to the philosophy of architecture and the phenomenology movement.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

160 - Recognizing Dimensions of Using Water in the Traditional Architecture of Iran with an Emphasis on Arid and Semi-Arid Climate (Case Study: Residential Architecture of Yazd City)
Negin Shahabi amir farajolahi vahid ahmadi hamidreza shoaei

10.30495/ums.2023.22995

Aims & Backgrounds: Considering the importance of the category of water and its consumption management in the country, the purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and motivations of using water in arid and semi-arid climates and the traditional archit More

Aims & Backgrounds: Considering the importance of the category of water and its consumption management in the country, the purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and motivations of using water in arid and semi-arid climates and the traditional architecture of Iranian houses. Methodology: The research method is of mixed type. In the first part, the historical interpretation method was used to identify the dimensions and motivations of using water in the traditional architecture of Iran. The city of Yazd was considered as a research pilot, and certain buildings that had traditional architectural features were selected, and the function of water was determined using the Delphi technique (expert panel). In the second part, the dimensions were categorized and prioritized through a questionnaire (spectral checklist). In order to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using Lisrel software. Findings: The results showed that a total of 17 components in the form of two main dimensions (conceptual and physical) can be considered as the main components of using water in traditional Iranian architecture. The most important components of the conceptual dimension were: color, nature, sanctity and transparency. Also, among the influencing components in the physical dimension, hierarchy, environmental hygiene, geometry and proportions were more important than other components. "Arab Kermani" building has got the highest score (61/161), which shows that the role of water in this building was more and more important than other study sites. Conclusion: Today, it seems necessary to review the designs and adapt traditional architectural patterns, especially in the water application sector. For this purpose, traditional architectural patterns can be used for arid and semi-arid climates.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Examining the Discontinuity and Confusion of Contemporary Iranian Architecture through Cultural, Political and Social Factors (Case Study: Residential Buildings in Areas 1 To 3 of Tehran)
Mahdieh Shahparvari Behruz Mansouri Iraj Etessam

10.30495/ums.2023.22341

Introduction and purpose: Today, consumption has become one of the most important concepts of society, whose impact on urban life may be in the form of a kind of feeling, which makes a person belong to consumption and consumption space. Therefore, the main goal of the c More

Introduction and purpose: Today, consumption has become one of the most important concepts of society, whose impact on urban life may be in the form of a kind of feeling, which makes a person belong to consumption and consumption space. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the discontinuity and confusion of contemporary Iranian architecture through cultural, political and social factors. Method: The research method of this research is qualitative-quantitative. And the current research strategy is descriptive-analytical, the method of collecting information is in the form of library and field studies with interview and questionnaire tools. Meanwhile, the results were analyzed using Spss software. Findings: Architecture is an architectural show that is very popular and in which all the architectural elements have appeared only to show off and only as an imitation of other styles and architecture of other countries. without having anything to do with the original culture, identity and architectural patterns of its region. in a clear way like what has been revealed in our country and in today's society. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that political and cultural factors after the revolution have strongly influenced the formation process of residential buildings in these areas, and year by year the face of these buildings has distanced itself from its native culture and identity and has moved towards the West and modernization. In this regard, the issue of globalization has not been without effect. In Iran and after the revolution, a special trend towards postmodern culture was formed, which is a direct result of globalization. Postmodern culture is in opposition to macro narratives and changes the identity from the macro form to relative, micro, local and regional identities, which are formed in the form of cultural mixing in the contemporary world of global culture. Therefore, the non-western world cultures, which still lack theoretical creation, show the existential problems of western thought, which is clearly visible in the buildings of these regions.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - Qualitative and quantitative study of free English e-journals for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture
Farshid Danesh Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam Abolfazl Taheri Marzieh Saeedizadeh

Purpose: this study aims to determine the most valid free e-journals in English for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture in 2013. Methodology: After determination of free e-journals for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering scien More

Purpose: this study aims to determine the most valid free e-journals in English for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture in 2013. Methodology: After determination of free e-journals for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture in English  from DOAJ, by using a checklist and a qualitative approach all this  1141 journals were evaluated. Then, internet address of selected 819 journals was Survey in order to determine backlinks (in-links) by "Majestic SEO". Also, the revised web impact factor was calculated. Findings: The findings of this study showed that 71.77 percent of English e-journals are qualified. Backlinks analysis indicates that the core journal of Agriculture is "Nutrition Journal". Core journal in engineering sciences include: "The International Arab Journal of Information Technology"; core journals in Art & Architecture include: "International Journal of Design". Base on revised web impact factor, "EFSA Journal "is top journal in Agriculture; "International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences" is top journal in in Engineering; "The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies" is the best journal in Art & Architecture. Also, the results showed that there is positive correlation between revised web impact factor and in-links. Results: The results of this research can assist researchers and research administrators in universities in order to identify the most valid free e-journals in English for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture. Also, libraries through managing free e-journal, can save user’s time and cost. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - Elamite Temples Based on Shilhak-Inshushinak’s Inscriptions
میلاد Jahangirfar فرزانه Goshtasb

Despite being ill-furnished with primary sources of information about the Elamite religion, some valuable information can be gleaned from the archaeological findings and also from Elamite and Mesopotamian texts. A large group of Elamite texts were composed at the time o More

Despite being ill-furnished with primary sources of information about the Elamite religion, some valuable information can be gleaned from the archaeological findings and also from Elamite and Mesopotamian texts. A large group of Elamite texts were composed at the time of &Scaron;ilhak-In&scaron;u&scaron;inak (1150-1120 BCE), a middle-Elamite king and the third sovereign of the &Scaron;utrukid dynasty. Different deities and temples are mentioned in his inscriptions. Most of the temples mentioned by him had been built by his predecessor and as they were in a state of dilapidation, he restored them. What is specifically studied here is the Elamite temples based on the inscriptions of &Scaron;ilhak-In&scaron;u&scaron;inak. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - Utilizing the Principles of Organic Architecture with an Approach the Concept of Iranian Traditional Architectural (The Case of Bazaars and Shopping Centers)
Malihe sharifi Nasibeh Sadafi

10.22034/jest.2019.26345.3546

Background and Objective: In the traditional architecture, buildings had close relationships with the surrounding environment, and intimacy to the nature had deep roots in Iranian’s culture. Traditional Bazaars were one of the most important parts of a city and ha More

Background and Objective: In the traditional architecture, buildings had close relationships with the surrounding environment, and intimacy to the nature had deep roots in Iranian’s culture. Traditional Bazaars were one of the most important parts of a city and had great impacts on people's social lives and architecture. Due to the expansion of cities, the concept of bazaar has changed and replaced by distributed spaces called shopping centers. Method: In this study, the shortcomings of the current bazaars, and the effects of traditional architecture and organic concept were examined from the perspective of clients and visitors. Descriptive-analytic survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed randomly among 272 visitors in Rey bazaar, Tajrish traditional bazaar, Almas shopping center, and Tirazheh shopping mall. To evaluate the hypothesis, the single variable T-test and the F-test were applied. Findings: The results indicate that, synthetizing the concept of organic architecture and Iranian traditional architecture in the current shopping malls could meet the users’ expectation. Results and discussion: Exposing the apparent similarity of the environment and an element is not sufficient for users. So, a special attention is required for the psychological aspects received by the visitors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

165 - An Analysis of the Mantle Structure of the Safavid Bridge Span (Case Study: Thirty-Three Bridges, Marnan, Khaju, Joey)
amin mosavat reza babakhani

10.30495/jest.2021.49357.4909

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the design of crater width, crater height and base widths of four poles, Thirty-Three bridges, Khajou, Joey, and Marnan, constructed on the Zayandehrood River, and to explore More

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the design of crater width, crater height and base widths of four poles, Thirty-Three bridges, Khajou, Joey, and Marnan, constructed on the Zayandehrood River, and to explore the relationship between these variables underpins the theory that The form of these bridges is a direct function of their main function.Method: In this study, due to the high volume of data, the research method is based on Python coding and working with artificial intelligence algorithms that, after harvesting the required data and performing various calculations of the files in CSV format, and then considering field harvesting, openings four bridges were simulated in related software using the cosine relation of all openings and plots were plotted.Findings: The findings of this study suggest that there is a high similarity and a close relationship between the width and height of the craters on each bridge with that bridge itself and the three other bridges on the river, and the design of these bridges is less than a century old despite historical differences.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it should be stated that the more the historical period of the construction of the bridges is focused on the past, the wider the bridges are and according to the drawing diagrams of the openings of each bridge, they have high accuracy in design and construction. The 75-span bridge has a similarity percentage of 70 to 90, which is very similar to the 33 bridges and Khajoo bridge, and the bridge search and thirty-three bridges are the lowest. It can now be said that these bridges are designed based on their performance and according to the standards of that period, construction technology, available materials and suitable for climatic conditions and river water flow calculations.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - Achieving the Principles of High Performance of Light Shelves Design in Educational Buildings
bahare sadat nasiri Mahnaz mahmoody zarandi

10.22034/jest.2020.26489.3548

Background and Objective: Given the current energy crisis, daylight gained considerable momentum in architectural designs. Apart from energy efficiency considerations, the importance of using daylight in educational spaces is due to the pivotal role of light in visual p More

Background and Objective: Given the current energy crisis, daylight gained considerable momentum in architectural designs. Apart from energy efficiency considerations, the importance of using daylight in educational spaces is due to the pivotal role of light in visual perception of students and quality of educational spaces. This article addressed light shelves as window attachments with effective role in desirably lighting a classroom. Given the function of light shelves in clear and sunny climates and high number of educational centers in Tehran, this geographic area was selected to be investigated. Method: This research was founded on data from previous studies to determine the suitable depth of interior and exterior light shelves for window day lighting in this city. In this quantitative study, six types of light shelves with different layouts and heights from the floor were defined, and Diva for Rhino was used for simulation. These six light shelf layouts were analyzed by this software to determine the best one for providing the optimum day lighting. Performance of the light shelves was tested through simulation and their effects on the amount of light in a simulated classroom were examined.  Findings: Results showed that all six light shelf layouts made the level of illumination bounce up and reduced energy consumption. Since the south side receives the most sunlight, south-facing light shelves are more efficient. Discussion and Conclusion: According to software simulations, the best results in terms of even illumination and glare reduction are achieved by using intermediate light shelves positioned 240 cm away from the floor (Type 1). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - Four Elemennts (Water, Earth, Air and Fire), an Iranian Pattern for Urban Park Deign
zahra ahmadi farah habib mohammad naghizadeh

10.22034/jest.2019.31230.3954

Background and Objective: Emptiness is a concept that appears in form and content. Beyond the meaning of being and not being .On the other hand Existential Identity depends on the dialectical relationship of that thing with its opposites. This study seeks to clarify the More

Background and Objective: Emptiness is a concept that appears in form and content. Beyond the meaning of being and not being .On the other hand Existential Identity depends on the dialectical relationship of that thing with its opposites. This study seeks to clarify the role of this concept in the vernacular architecture of Iran By understanding the concept of emptiness. Method: The research, by explaining the principles of empty concept, has investigated the quality of the realization of this concept in the form of fabric dimensions of Yazd's houses. The three pillars obtained from theoretical foundations were tested in five vernacular houses in Yazd. The research was conducted with qualitative study, and data collection tools: field observations, and the study of written resources. Findings: The emergence of empty concept coincides with two elements or opposite qualities in such a way that the two opposites are interconnected without diminishing one another. Based on theoretical findings, the expression of the empty concept is conditional on the existence of three pillars: The first: the contradiction, the second: interaction, the third: balance and unity. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on research emptiness as a sublime concept is the result of the existence of opposing elements, their interaction and their unity. Vernacular architects with the perception of the necessity of the conjunction of the opposing couples and by recognizing the elements such as geometry, color, light, have caused the interaction of the opposites and their balance and they have come up with an empty concept in the form and fabric of these houses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Effect of Vernacular Materials and Traditional Construction Methods on Energy Consumption Reduction of Rural Houses in Plain Regions of Gilan
Sara Zohari Mansooreh Tahbaz Iraj Etessam

10.30495/jest.2020.19338.2820

Background and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architectu More

Background and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architecture to reduce energy consumption and thus reduce the adverse effects of built environment on the natural habitat.Method: In orderto study the amount of energy consumption in vernacular rural houses of plain areas of Gilan using local and new material and methods, three types of vernacular houses in plain areas of Gilan(East, West and Central) are chosen, and their energy consumption using traditional and new materials are analyzed with simulation method.Findings: Based on simulation results, the amount of energy consumption during a year in Rafiee, Amini and Mohtashamtalab house with local materials is 1176/842, 185/03, 164/02 kw/h less than the amount of energy consumption with new materials.Discussion and Conclusion: Simulation results show that the amount of energy consumption in rural houses with local materials is significantly less than energy consumption using new materials. It shows that performance of Shakili foundation, Zegaly wall and Klushy roof in terms of the amount of heat exchange with the environment is more favorable than new materials and techniques. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - Investigating How the Selection Process of the World Sustainable Architecture Award Is Based on the Main Indicators of Sustainability
maryam farhadian sina Razaghi asl Kaveh Shokoohi

10.22034/jest.2018.23081.3219

Background and Objective: The World Award for Sustainable Architecture is the largest award accepted by the international community in the field of sustainability in architecture, which is given annually to five prominent architects in this field and shows the best inte More

Background and Objective: The World Award for Sustainable Architecture is the largest award accepted by the international community in the field of sustainability in architecture, which is given annually to five prominent architects in this field and shows the best intellectual ideas in this field. Since familiarity with international characteristics of sustainability in architecture and their evolution in architectural works can reveal the main orientations in the field of sustainable architecture, in the present study, in order to recognize this issue, three characteristics of sustainable architecture as the main goals of sustainable architecture in the largest donation process. World Awards have been reviewed and analyzed. Methods: In this paper, first, the presence and absence of all three acceptable characteristics of sustainable architecture in the award process from 2007 to 2016 have been investigated by the method of contextual analysis, and then the global approach to each of the three characteristics has been analyzed. Finally, by examining the regression diagram, the future orientation trend is approximately predicted. Results and Discussion: The results of all three characteristics in the selection of top awards in this field have shown a change in the direction towards the selection of projects with all three characteristics of sustainable architecture from 2011 to now, and also in the analysis of scatter regression diagram, on the one hand, the trend Increasing attention to life cycle and saving resources was identified in the selection of top projects, and on the other hand, the trend is Decreased attention to design was identified based on human needs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - Design for Disassembly and Shifting to Eco-Friendly Architecture
Seyed Mehdi Amirkiaei Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadmehdi Raissamiei

10.22034/jest.2020.29026.3764

Background and Purpose: Construction and demolition waste management is one the controversial issues in building industry. The “hidden water” and the “hidden energy” of building material are from among the most important issues in designerly appr More

Background and Purpose: Construction and demolition waste management is one the controversial issues in building industry. The “hidden water” and the “hidden energy” of building material are from among the most important issues in designerly approach to energy efficiency under the high-performance architecture theory. The aim of the research is to outline the concept of design for disassembly in order to minimize construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and facilitate appropriate disposal.  Materials and Methods: Descriptive-analytical method has been adopted in which description of the theoretical concepts has merged with an analytical approach to the expert opinions. Results: Studies have shown that the successful cases in the framework of design for disassembly were deliberately designed with dismantling prediction from the early stage of the design process. Integrated approach toward the life cycle is the key factor in eco-friendly design and construction which is based on recycling, creative reuse, repurposing and upcycling strategies as a part of “green aesthetics”. Discussion and Conclusions:The concept of design for disassembly rots from flexibility in architectural design process and is an influential procedure for C&DW. The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive methodology to address gains of the concept of design for disassembly. Moreover it has showed a meaningful relationship between design for disassembly and the environmental impacts which might be addressed as designerly approach to energy efficiency.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Modern Housing by Introducing Nature
nafiseh yari boroujeni mahdi saedvandi armin bahramian

10.22034/jest.2021.25920.3496

Background and Objective: In modern houses connection to nature is faded out and their habitats are approaching towards degrading their surrounding environment. This research investigates the ways by which we connect to nature as one of the principles of environmentally More

Background and Objective: In modern houses connection to nature is faded out and their habitats are approaching towards degrading their surrounding environment. This research investigates the ways by which we connect to nature as one of the principles of environmentally sustainable development in housing and also seeks to answer the questions that what the characteristics of nature-compatible housing are in order to fulfill the objectives of environmental sustainability. Method: Data collection was conducted through library resources, the analysis of qualitative and descriptive study was conducted to analyze their content. In this regard the components, principles and key sentences bases of the three spheres of sustainability, nature and housing were extracted. After that components and points obtained were classified. Then, in order to achieve the aimed housing characteristics, the components correlation to each other and their implementation was analyzed by authors. Eventually a list of measures necessary to achieve these characteristics was finalized. Findings: the results indicate that it is necessary to considering measures to communicate directly with nature, restoring the natural environment and conserving natural resources, reducing energy consumption and increasing exposure to sunlight, reducing environmental pollution, harmonizing form-shape of the building with the environment and appropriate materials selection and their implementation in the home design process one. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems by considering the constant presence of nature in the organization of housing spaces, preservation of existing vegetation, respecting the natural shape of the site and so on is able to design housing which maintains and strengthens the relationship between people and nature. This in turn falls in line with the principles of environmental sustainability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Study of the design principles of residential buildings in a moderate and humid climate with a natural ventilation approach (Case study: Analysis of simulated openings of a residential building in Amol city)
reza rahsepar monfared saeed kardar iraj shahrooz tehrani

10.22034/jest.2021.40167.4482

Background and Objective: Inattention to the climatic features of different regions and the absence of sufficient knowledge of the design principles for optimal use of the potentials of the natural environment leads to higher costs and waste of energy in various fields. More

Background and Objective: Inattention to the climatic features of different regions and the absence of sufficient knowledge of the design principles for optimal use of the potentials of the natural environment leads to higher costs and waste of energy in various fields. Accordingly, due to high humidity in Amol and high cost of ventilation and reduction of moisture in summer, the main objective of this research is to examine and analyze the simulated openings of a residential building with a natural ventilation approach. Method: the present study was carried out in the first step by reviewing the subject literature on this issue and identifying the concepts and principles of residential building design in the field of energy. Then, by supplying the climate information file of Amol from the Weather Meteorology Center for the Climate Consultant software, Design elements were presented. Subsequently, the components were analyzed by Expert Choice software based on the AHP method and computation of component weight led to the final decision in choosing the most important component. Finally, with the simulation of the building in the Flow Design software, the impact of natural ventilation on residential slopes was investigated. Findings: seven components were extracted from the above software as principles of the design and tables of climate interpretation. In the following, with the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), a natural ventilation component with a weight of 0.399 was found to be the main component of the static solar power system. Discussion and conclusion: A natural ventilation pattern was designed in a building with a sloping roof and specific dimensions in the Amol climate. By changing the layout of two 1-square-meter openings on two walls with a height of 2.7 meters in opposite directions at two heights of 1 and 1.7 meters from the floor of the building, 4 airflow modes were simulated with regard to the wind speed of the area in the Flow Design software. In this simulation, by placing the wind tunnel perpendicular to two walls, it can be stated that the best natural ventilation efficiency from these four conditions, is the one with two under-roof structures at 1.7-meter height with the highest wind-suction coefficient of 1.19, which will make a reasonable ventilation and air flow in the simulated residential building.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Analysis of the effect of plan geometry and capabilities of traditional architects on the typology of the architectural form of Isfahan Dove Towers
Afrooz Rahimi Ariaei Nima Valibeig

10.30495/jest.2023.20705.2975

Background and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environme More

Background and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environment-friendly structures from being forgotten. According to the authors, there is a direct relationship between the creativity of traditional architects, proportions, form and size of the plan, with different types of dove towers in Isfahan. Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze the final form of dove towers in Isfahan from the aspect of geometric features. Historically, certain foreign travelers have described some of the dove towers in Isfahan. Some travelers have also made attempt to describe them physically and structurally. This study will provide a comprehensive typology of dove towers from a geometric perspective.Method: The methodology has been descriptive, comparative and analytic in nature. Also, data were collected based on library sources and field studies. Findings: It was found that there is a significant relationship between height and the number of floors, the diameter of the dove towers, the middle cylinders and its wall thickness. The shapes, the geometry of the body and the various dimensions of the plan on the one hand and the creativity of the architects on the other hand, have created different volumes in the structure of the pigeon houses in Isfahan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - Identifying the most Significant Environmental Components in Designing Ecological Housing from the Experts’ Viewpoint (Case study: Mino Island)
morteza zameni sina razaghi asl elham pour mahabadian

10.30495/jest.2022.63012.5492

Background and Objective: Presently, the upsurge in population and construction under the pretext of development, particularly in ecological areas, has caused the natural environment to be devastated to achieve residential lands by cutting down trees. Housing usually bu More

Background and Objective: Presently, the upsurge in population and construction under the pretext of development, particularly in ecological areas, has caused the natural environment to be devastated to achieve residential lands by cutting down trees. Housing usually built in these areas is not harmonious with the climate of these areas, and by wasting energy resources and environmental pollution, the health of the surrounding environment is threatened. This study tries to identify the most important environmental components in the design of ecological housing from the perspective of experts in Mino Island.Material and Methodology: In this study, data were collected by library and field study and based on the judgment of experts based on the snowball method, and using the AHP questionnaire and hierarchical analysis, the research data were reviewed.Findings: Based on the results of this study, the chief criteria of ecological housing design in Mino Island from the experts’ viewpoint can be classified into three main groups: environmental adaptation, climate adaptation, and green architecture. The components of “naturalistic design and optimal supply of green space per capita,” “benefit of sufficient light,” and “benefit of optimal ventilation” are the most important among all componentsDiscussion and Conclusion: By prioritizing the environmental components in the design of ecological housing in Mino Island, the attention of government decision makers and the local community is drawn to the construction of housing that is environmentally friendly while paying attention to climate and reducing fossil energy consumption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Presenting a plan for buildings with solar panels by obtaining optimal angles for different months of the year to increase the amount of electricity production
parya Shafipouryourdshahi Hossein Soleimani Mehdi Soleymani Gharagol

10.30495/jest.2023.71930.5812

Background and Objective: Nowadays, the design, architecture and urban beautification by solar panels to absorb clean energy that leads to the reduction of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution have attracted the attention of architects and engineers. In this art More

Background and Objective: Nowadays, the design, architecture and urban beautification by solar panels to absorb clean energy that leads to the reduction of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution have attracted the attention of architects and engineers. In this article, due to the importance of the subject, a model is presented to obtain the most optimal angle of the panels to obtain the highest efficiency, so that the highest possible efficiency can be obtained by examining the different angles of placing the panels towards the sun in different components of the building.Material and Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and has a quantitative approach. In this article, a 2 kW power plant, separated from the electricity distribution network, located in Almanabad area of Urmia city, has been selected, and by entering its specifications in the PVsyst software and performing simulation, the information related to the produced energy for all months has been examined.Findings: The results show that The results showed that installing solar panels in different parts of the building with optimal angles creates the highest efficiency in all months. The comparison of the efficiency calculated in the optimal angles extracted from the software and the practical efficiency in the sample power distribution plant shows that the energy produced in both cases has a slight difference, which shows the confirmation of the simulations.Discussion and Conclusion: If the solar panels are set at the most optimal possible angle every month, they will have 5.8% more efficiency than the fixed state during a year. Therefore, in this research, various plans for urban design and beautification by solar panels are suggested, which in addition to maintaining efficiency, have a suitable design in terms of Iranian architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - Tectonic in Architecture: Dual Nature of Tectonic Relationships in Some Contemporary Architectural Works in Iran
Pariya Pourmohammadi Farshad Mafakher Asghar Saed Samiei Mehrdad Matin

10.30495/jest.2021.46645.4786

Background and Objective: The illustration of the concept of oneness by an artist requires a specific definition of architecture that is able to expand its physical and structural indices and aesthetic instrumentation into a spiritual framework. This attitude is in comp More

Background and Objective: The illustration of the concept of oneness by an artist requires a specific definition of architecture that is able to expand its physical and structural indices and aesthetic instrumentation into a spiritual framework. This attitude is in compliance with the tectonic concept. Tectonic in architecture has two key interpretations: Theory of internal structure of artistic work and the formation and linkage of form elements to achieve harmony. This paper has two goals:  First, the principles and criteria of the oneness of architectural work to investigate the compliance of its core and artistic forms and second, the assessment of four great architectural works of contemporary architecture in Iran based on these criteria to measure the compliance of the core and artistic forms.Material and Methodology: This was an applied descriptive-analytical study. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assess the compliance of core and artistic forms of the samples based on the given criteria and goal.Findings: Results showed better compliance between the core and artistic forms of the Senate (Islamic Consultative Assembly) building than the other three works (Azadi Tower, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and City Theater of Tehran). As a result, this building has greater compliance between the technical and conceptual-semantic dimensions.Discussion and Conclusion: Findings of this study direct architectural discussions towards using the tectonic expression as an instrument for harmonizing and integrating aesthetic and technological subjects in the design process of the contemporary works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Evaluation of energy efficiency in production process of biodiesel to conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods
golmohammad khoobbakht Mahmoud Karimi

10.30495/jest.2023.73925.5876

Background and Objective: Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of More

Background and Objective: Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in three ways: conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave was investigated.Material and Methodology: In this study the energy inputs such as waste cooking oil, methanol, catalyst, electricity and energy for biodiesel production and output of energy, including biodiesel, glycerin, excess alcohol, water, soap, monoglycerides and diglyceride to estimate energy efficiency were calculated.Findings: The consumed energy for the methods of conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were found 33.73, 35.75 and 34.39 MJ/L, respectively. The energy efficiency of biodiesel production in conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were calculated 0.87, 0.80 and 0.77 respectively.  Discussion and Conclusion: Among the mentioned methods of biodiesel production in the present study, using ultrasound irradiation in the process of biodiesel production was found as the best method in terms of input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency. The using ultrasound irradiation with the renewability index of 75% was also found as the most renewable process among the studied methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - Studying Emplacement of Ivan in Architectural Configuration of Mansions Utilizing Space Syntax Method; Case Study: (Traditional Houses of Guilan)
Sahar Bashirzadeh Jamaleddin Soheili Farshad Mafakher

10.30495/jest.2021.55230.5169

Background and Objective: Guilan vernacular houses have always been subject of research from a variety of aspects in architectural fields. According to fundamental role that Ivan element plays in Guilan architecture with different usages and appearance in a specific reg More

Background and Objective: Guilan vernacular houses have always been subject of research from a variety of aspects in architectural fields. According to fundamental role that Ivan element plays in Guilan architecture with different usages and appearance in a specific region and function, in this article Ivan space will be studied utilizing space syntax theory.Material and Methodology: As case study samples, four traditional mansions that are remains of Iran national heritage have been selected through non-probabilistic purposive sampling. They are located in plain area of Guilan and all are referred to the end of Qajar era and beginning of first Pahlavi epoch. Integration value and penetration of Ivan could be studied by space syntax indicators, j-graphs, mathematics and analyses calculated based on data derived from A graph software specifically assembled for this theory. A descriptive comparative methodology has been employed, in order to study occurrence of spatial configurations and Ivan positions.Discussion and Conclusion: An endeavor to conforming vernacular building style and their way of construction has been made, utilizing space syntax software analyses, j-graphs and indicators like “depth”, “integration”, “ring” and “control value”.Results: Considering decorative and convenient aspects and financial sustainability of habitants of houses, Ivans are built with different features. They demonstrate an eclectic style of construction which will be compelling by distinct integration rate, control value and connection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Analytical-comparative analysis of organic architectural works in Iran (Second Pahlavi period)
Alaleh Samir Maryam Cheshme Qassabani Hosein Karim Abadi

Background and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a mo More

Background and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a model, individualism, and nationalism. Despite the importance of this style to date, it has not yet been fully studied in contemporary Iranian architecture. Thus, in this study, the architectural works of organic style in the period - the second Pahlavi - are analyzed to explain the common features. Methods: The present historical research, with an analytical-comparative approach, has used inferential and deductive reasoning. First, the principles of organic style architecture, derived from a comparative study of written evidence and existing documents, were explained as a criterion of measurement. Then, a list of works of organic architecture in Iran was prepared to select samples for analysis by purposive sampling. Finally, the analyzed samples were compared with the principles of organic architecture. Findings: Organic architecture in Iran, in building and landscape design, has been used for various purposes, among which, preserving the potentials of the natural environment and reusing it with minimal human intervention, are in line with the common design theme. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the works of organic architecture in Iran in the second Pahlavi period, have able to have common concepts according to the organic style, such as the integration of the artificial environment with the natural environment, which originated from the organic style and has been appeared in these works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Appropriate water recycling systems for use in residential architecture in Iran
saharossadat lohmoosavi hutan iravani mohammad kooshafar

10.30495/jest.2023.67400.5682

Background and Objective: In this research, we have interpreted and investigated gray water and provided information through a library. Considering the critical conditions of water resources, it is measured by studying and investigating all types of gray water treatment More

Background and Objective: In this research, we have interpreted and investigated gray water and provided information through a library. Considering the critical conditions of water resources, it is measured by studying and investigating all types of gray water treatment systems with four variables: factors (economic, environmental, residential use and the amount of space used) with entropy and TOPSIS methods. Material and Methodology: The research method in this research is a survey type, the data was collected through a library and field with statistical analysis, the result was obtained that based on the priority of primary physical treatment with a number of 0.881, biological treatment with a number of 0.483, and simple treatment. With a score of 0.305, they have won the third rank. Findings: Three physical, chemical and biological methods have been investigated for the treatment of gray wastewater, of which 62 percent are related to domestic gray wastewater. In this research, gray wastewater treatment is investigated and finally, the best practical option is determined by comparative study and compatibility with residential architecture in Iran. Discussion and Conclusion: In this research, according to the research and collection of materials related to water treatment and examination of gray water treatment systems, the results were obtained using entropy and TOPSIS statistical analysis methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Evaluating Contemporary Housing in Hot and Arid Climates with a Focus on Climate Responsiveness and Residential Satisfaction (Case Study: Isfahan City, Iran)
Golbarg Sadeghian Mansoureh Tahbaz Pantea Hakimian

10.30495/jest.2023.67115.5678

Background and Objectives: The need for suitable housing is an issue not just for individuals but also for governments. If efficient design is not adopted in the face of climate change, serious consequences will follow, including an increase in environmental issues and, More

Background and Objectives: The need for suitable housing is an issue not just for individuals but also for governments. If efficient design is not adopted in the face of climate change, serious consequences will follow, including an increase in environmental issues and, as a result, a deterioration in the quality of human life in various societies. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the existing situation and evaluate the climatic principles employed in the design of contemporary housing, as well as measure living conditions, occupants' comfort, and quality of life in apartments.Material and Methodology: This study's methodology is quantitative, and its strategy is case study, field research, and simulation using Design Builder and Climate Studio software. In addition, the descriptive survey method and statistical analysis with SPSS software using a questionnaire were employed to evaluate residential satisfaction. Therefore, Zaitoun Residential Complex in Isfahan was selected as a case study for post-occupancy evaluation. Findings: According to the questionnaire results, the complex's response to the climate was not very desirable due to disregard for the detailed design of dwelling apartments in the existing situation. The simulation results also revealed that the macro-scale climatic strategies used to optimize energy consumption and the thermal and visual comfort of interior spaces were inadequate. As a result, the energy label for this complex was given an F.Discussion and Conclusion: In terms of residential satisfaction, differences in the design quality of each individual apartment and inaccuracy in designing the details can be problematic, so all climatic principles of microscale design must be considered, as well as the equitable distribution of natural energy sources among each flat. Evaluation of built housing projects not only helps us to understand the performance of present buildings but also creates a knowledge base for the design of future buildings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Production of Geopolymeric Bricks and Mortar from the Indigenous Soil of the Village of Toutakhaneh to Protect the Organic Architectural Fabric
Ahmad Fahmi Alireza Babaeian Amini Ali Majnouni-Toutakhane Yaser Marabi

10.30495/jest.2022.66964.5669

Background and Objective: The indigenous architecture of each region is derived from the facilities provided by the environment. By using new methods, local materials can be processed and used in construction in the same area. The soil of Toutakhaneh village has a high More

Background and Objective: The indigenous architecture of each region is derived from the facilities provided by the environment. By using new methods, local materials can be processed and used in construction in the same area. The soil of Toutakhaneh village has a high potential for producing bricks and geopolymer mortar. The advantage of geopolymer bricks and mortars is that while they cost less to produce, they do not need to be baked in a high-temperature oven and therefore play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases. Material and Methodology: In this study, the mixing design of geopolymer binder production based on Toutakhaneh red soil to produce construction materials such as bricks has been evaluated. For this purpose, raw materials including Toutakhaneh red soil as aluminosilicate, aggregate passing through standard sieve No. 8 as filler, and an alkaline activating solution containing industrial glass water and sodium hydroxide solution with different concentrations were used. Findings: According to the results, the compressive strength and water absorption percentage are very optimal for geopolymer bricks. Therefore, geopolymer bricks produced from Toutakhaneh red soil have the characteristics of low production cost, lower energy consumption, and minimal production of carbon dioxide. Also, the strength of geopolymer bricks is about 362.55% higher than clay bricks. The apparent similarity of geopolymer mortar with ordinary mortar is 83%.   Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used in the field of restoration of worn texture, mortar for concrete structures, renovation, and restoration of historic and worn buildings, etc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - Inspiration of Nature in Training of Architecture
Ali Sharghi Abdolhamid Ghanbaran

Today، theoretical sciences are practiced through experimental and practical activities. In other words، sciences such as physics and biology، which are derived from nature، have turned into fundamental bases for the study of other subjects such as arts and architecture More

Today، theoretical sciences are practiced through experimental and practical activities. In other words، sciences such as physics and biology، which are derived from nature، have turned into fundamental bases for the study of other subjects such as arts and architecture. Taking architectural ideas out of natural features is being widely used in modern architects' works (such as the Fractal and Revolutionary ideas)، so a need arises here to find some media to generalize scientific details in different fields and apply them to the details in architecture. To find these intermediaries، the involved process is moving from instances to the generalities to reflect them in architectural instances of expressing natural features directly in the architectural forms which must be avoided and instead we should observe general rules of nature and then reflect them in the architecture. The process of 'from slight to whole and from whole to slight' or the so-called 'architectural creativity' will result in prominent and lasting works in our provided architecture that they are derived from natural observations. The subject-matter has been dealt with in this article.  The article consists three major parts as fallows. • A study of religious، mystical and functional aspects، as well as the philosophy of nature.  • Looking for some principles governing natural phenomenon which could be useful in generating forms.  • A study of natural forms for architects and designers.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - A quest for the impact of Allah’s promise on (A reflection) Persian garden building
Ali Sharghi Mohammad Teimoori

The most beautiful description of Paradise in the Holy Koran is Jannaaton Tajri Men Tahtehal Anhaar which means "Gardens with beneath running streams". The word "tree" is not explicitly mentioned here, though it is implicitly understood. In Majma-ol Bayan by Abu Ali Ami More

The most beautiful description of Paradise in the Holy Koran is Jannaaton Tajri Men Tahtehal Anhaar which means "Gardens with beneath running streams". The word "tree" is not explicitly mentioned here, though it is implicitly understood. In Majma-ol Bayan by Abu Ali Amin-ol Eslam Tabarsi, we read that the word Roza means a green land in which plants grow well, and the word Jannat means a land with trees around it, and consequently Rowzaat-ol Jannaat (plural form of Rowzatol Jannat) are the gardens with trees in the middle of a green land. Many of the Persian gardens have these features. Numbers and concepts such as: Chahar Bagh (Four Gardens), Hasht Behesht (Eight Paradises), Bagh Dar Bagh (Garden in Garden), Gardesh Ab (Water Circulation), etc have their roots in the Koran terminology that gives ideas to architecture and composition of the Persian gardens and then many of the gardens in other Islamic and even the European countries. (The impact of Persian gardens in France and Spain is a proof of this claim and cannot be rejected.) However, the most effective Korans terms in Persian garden construction are Jannaaton Tajri Men Tahtehal Anhaar. Some of the annotators and theologists have clarified this phrase and considered the gardens of this world as an introduction to the Paradise. Many of the Iranian and Persian poets have compared the world to a whole garden and even some like Molavi have compared the human body and soul to a garden. Many garden builders and architectures were influenced by the mentioned Korans phrases which have tried to go beyond the described Korans gardens and created similar ones. Doubtlessly, paradise garden or with Korans terms Jannaaton Tajri Men Tahtehal Anhaar is similar to earthy, man-made gardens with the mere difference that "In Paradise, where the host of man is Allah, the worthiness is not that there are the gratification of eating, drinking and having sex, but eternally feeling that He hospitalizes you. And this is not exhausting" Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Lime Materials Using in Iranian Vernacular Architecture; The Code of Environment Protection
Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del Saeed Azemati

Materials used in traditional and local architecture in Iran derived from their deployment environment and are provided the necessary compatibility with the environment. Analysis of the use of such materials in buildings, on the one hand reduce the natural resources use More

Materials used in traditional and local architecture in Iran derived from their deployment environment and are provided the necessary compatibility with the environment. Analysis of the use of such materials in buildings, on the one hand reduce the natural resources use and other energy resources saving during the production process materials, traditional buildings and the construction and maintenance stages of protection and restoration of such buildings will provide. This article is thoroughly compatible encoding used traditional materials in Iran, the vernacular architecture of limestone and lime-based mortar, including the cheap materials, easy collection, availability, and would reveal durable building. In this study on the related experiences of others and the results of mechanical tests on clay soil mixed with lime and analysis of the mentioned results; technical, economic or executable practice of using lime in the construction of new buildings and even local Iran has been approved. Patterns can be as a results from getting the technical message predecessors and taking advantage of new technologies associated with new products industries causing lime to make optimal rate consumption of natural resources and energy saving. We are able to material produced reversible resorting in nature unlike industrial cements; even with the capture carbon dioxide from industrial production of construction can the greenhouse effect of air pollution in the environment and abilityto reduce destructive effects of acidy rain in the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - The role of slope shape roofs in heating energy consumption Based on thermal comfort
Ali Sharghi Nazanin Azimi Fereidani

10.22034/jest.2017.10655

Background and Objective: In the past, thermal comfort was created through the design of buildings and a handful of construction equipment. Selection of appropriate crust form was one of the noteworthy methods in architecture. Such circumstances were changed in 1960s. H More

Background and Objective: In the past, thermal comfort was created through the design of buildings and a handful of construction equipment. Selection of appropriate crust form was one of the noteworthy methods in architecture. Such circumstances were changed in 1960s. Heating, cooling and lighting supply of buildings by mechanical equipment and the use of fossil fuels became pivotal aspect. In the past years following the energy crisis created in this way and environmental pollution, again the best case of heating and cooling, became the accordance to building design and use of clean energy. In these circumstances, appropriate and followed by that reduction of energy consumption of buildings. Among these components, roofing, which plays a fundamental role in thermal exchange, is often overlooked. Method: In this article, research method is done based on computer modeling and simulation by Revit 2014 and energy plus with version of 8.1.  Findings:So, ahead research intends to discuss in the mountainous of Karaj comparison between the four dominant type of roof including flat, one-way, two-way and four-way with the different angles. Its target is to achieve the optimum form and a roof sloping angle in this region based on the average radiant temperature, the man factors of thermal comfort. Discussion and Conclusion:  Results of Analysis of simulated models, shows optimal roof and its most appropriate angle in the sloping roof with constant floor area according to the average mean radiant temperature in the studied model.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - The Framework of Sustainability in Environmental Design from the Viewpoint of Architects and Landscape Architects
Morteza Adib Saeid Norouzian-Maleki

10.22034/jest.2019.13739

Background and Objective: Sustainable development with emphasis on environmental sustainability addresses the interaction between humans and the environment. In this study, it has been attempted to investigate and realize a clear understanding of the principles that aff More

Background and Objective: Sustainable development with emphasis on environmental sustainability addresses the interaction between humans and the environment. In this study, it has been attempted to investigate and realize a clear understanding of the principles that affect the issue of sustainability in environmental design. Method: The collected data were analyzed through the content analysis. Following the identification of the criteria, the Delphi study was set up to identify which of them were most important and to derive the priority weightings for each. This study comprised two questionnaire rounds that were sent to two different sets of panel members. 45 invitations were sent out. The experts were selected from the people with substantial knowledge in the field of planning and design. They were from the pool of academics and practitioners involved in environmental design, landscape architecture and urban design. 31 experts agreed to participate and completed the first and second rounds, while 16 architects and 15 landscape architects participated in both rounds, meeting the target. Findings: “Importance” indicates whether such attributes were deemed important by the expert; “suitability” indicates whether such attributes, while important, were suitable tools to evaluate the sustainability in environmental design. This study represents the results of the ranking and weighting of the factors by the experts according to a set of factors. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the architects and landscape architects and their opinions about several factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - Study of the Role of Green Roofs as a Strategy to Improve Urban Environmental Quality from the Sustainable Architecture Perspective
Mohammad Rezvani Mohammad Mehdi Payravand Mehdi Nojavan Mehdi Sahba

Background and Objective: Green roof is one of the new approaches of the architecture and urban planning and derived from the concepts of sustainable development which can be used to increase the green space per capita, environmental quality and urban sus More

Background and Objective: Green roof is one of the new approaches of the architecture and urban planning and derived from the concepts of sustainable development which can be used to increase the green space per capita, environmental quality and urban sustainable development. Applied usage of roofs could be considered as an optimized utilization of urban lands. The main objective of this paper is to study the role of green roofs as a strategy to improve urban environmental quality from the sustainable architecture perspective. Method: Initially, a questionnaire was designed on the base of experts’ opinions, including 22 questions. Then 30 experts in the field of urban planning and architecture were selected as the study sample. Considering architectural issues and urban sustainable development, questions were categorized according to three main scopes: 1. The effects of green roofs on the ecological, continental, environmental, and economic-cultural aspects, 2. The differences between intensive and extensive green roofs, and 3. The differences between the green roofs and common roofs. The Alpha method was used for the evaluation of the reliability, and 3 hypotheses were presented for analyzing the questionnaire. Results: The alpha factor was gained to be 0.727, showing that the questionnaire had a proper reliability. After analyzing the hypotheses, they were confirmed. This implied the great effect of green roofs on improvement of urban environmental quality from the sustainable architecture perspective. The results showed that totally 70-80% of experts declared that the green roofs had high importance in the improving the environmental quality and sustainable urban development. Indeed, green roofs are our connector with nature in designing and planning and can reduce the negative effects of buildings in local ecosystem and consequently reduce the energy consumption. Moreover, green roofs can have a determinative role in fluctuation of energy circulation in buildings and may play an aesthetical role for the residents of cities.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - 􀀃 The Analythic Approach towards Psychologic and Behavier Needs of Women and Theirt Influence on Quality of Space (Case study: Public Space/
Mehrvash Kazemi farah habib Seyed gholamreza eslami

3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of t More

3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of their different gender roles in society they have some different andspecial needs in using the spaces. Sometimes spaces, exactly public spaces, for a part of user (women) are notsuitable because gender needs are overlooked. Gendered spaces as a problem will be appeared when we forgetgender differences, so that some users (women) have to leave the space and in this way a general space isconverted to a specific space. This research attempts to find and explain these spaces by focusing on womenpsychological and behavior needs in public spaces as parks.Method: Research methodology is survey and case study is chosen from some parks of Tabriz.Result: This research attempts to to clarify the process of being gendered and to investigate the spaces in threeways of being gendered:1-By planning2-By design process3-By occupation and future using.Finally, three factors were found: sparated spaces, easy circulation and domination on space in parks that makesuitable spaces Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - Evaluation of Iranian Architecture and Social Interactions in Cultural Spaces
sepideh Kamaei ِDr.Ahmad Reza Kaboli

The success rate of cultural spaces has always depended on human presence and utilizing the spaces. The cultural spaces have sought to increase social interactions and human solidarity in addition to the revival of culture and art. One of the primary views of Iranian ar More

The success rate of cultural spaces has always depended on human presence and utilizing the spaces. The cultural spaces have sought to increase social interactions and human solidarity in addition to the revival of culture and art. One of the primary views of Iranian architecture is to pay attention to the social dimension of man and his need to be present in society. The present sought to investigate and evaluate the impact of Iranian architectural indicators and their unique features on the social interactions of humans in cultural spaces based on library and field studies and content analysis about the theoretical foundations. It has been hypothesized that cultural spaces are a platform consisting of social and human activities and relationships. The analyses revealed that the identity of iranian architecture and its constituent elements are in line with the identity needs of man and his social identity, and always paying attention to these indicators and the elements invites him to communicate and participate in social interactions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - تاثیر تناسبات هندسی بر عملکرد نور و نسبتهای برگرفته از طبیعت در خانه‌های تاریخی (نمونه موردی: خانه‌های اردبیل)
مهسا جوادی نوده آزاده شاهچراغی علیرضا عندلیب

بهرهگیری از تناسبات برگرفته از طبیعت در معماری سنتی به عتوان اصلی جاری در تعامل محیط انسان ساخت با محیط طبیعی است. لذا که ارتباط ذاتی با طبیعت میتواند به شباهتهای صوری ختم شود. این پژوهش به شناسایی میزان سازگاری تناسبات هندسی رایج در خانههای تاریخی ب More

بهرهگیری از تناسبات برگرفته از طبیعت در معماری سنتی به عتوان اصلی جاری در تعامل محیط انسان ساخت با محیط طبیعی است. لذا که ارتباط ذاتی با طبیعت میتواند به شباهتهای صوری ختم شود. این پژوهش به شناسایی میزان سازگاری تناسبات هندسی رایج در خانههای تاریخی با عملکرد نور طبیعی بستر و نسبتهای طبیعی میپردازد تا، رایجترین حالت جانمایی منطبق بر طبیعت را شناسایی نماید. براین اساس تعداد 28 اتاق شاهنشین از 21 خانه تاریخی در اردبیل انتخاب میگردد. با برداشت میدانی و  استدلال منطقی دادهها و روش هاى محاسباتى، تحلیل عددی دادهها صورت میگیرد. بدین ترتیب که با استفاده از نمودار فراوانی و ضریب تغییرات میانگین، توزیع نرمال تناسبات واقع بر شاهنشین مشخص میشود. سپس براساس محاسبات عددی میزان سازش این تناسبات هندسی و مشخصات نورگیرها با محدوده نفوذ نور طبیعی محاسبه میشود. نتایج براساس رایجترین جانماییها نشان میدهد که محیط طبیعی و محیط انسان ساخت در معماری سنتی همساز و در تعامل با یکدیگراند. به نحوی که 95 درصد از تناسبات رایج در خانههای تاریخی اردبیل از نسبتهای حسابی و تعداد زیادی از تناسبات طلایی پیروی میکنند. که بالاترین همپوشانی را با فراوانی میزان توزیع و محدوده نفوذ نور طبیعی دارند. علاوه بر این محدوده بیخطی آسمان از فضای داخلی نشان میدهد که در تمامی نمونهها، طبیعت در حوزه بصری قرار دارند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - The Effect of Biophilic Architecture on Improving the Environmental Quality of Residential Complexes (Case Study: Aseman Tabriz Residential Complex)
Ahmad MirzaMohammadi Yasaman Doozdoozani

Background and Aim: The existence of nature and plants is an effective factor in human physical and mental health that by eliminating them, it will be difficult to reduce human problems today. Its architectural efforts to improve the quality of human life in residential More

Background and Aim: The existence of nature and plants is an effective factor in human physical and mental health that by eliminating them, it will be difficult to reduce human problems today. Its architectural efforts to improve the quality of human life in residential spaces are ongoing. Man's relationship with his environment is a function of his various sensory systems, and today the subconscious image of the individual is formed by the reactions of components and parts of the senses in a large built environment. The purpose of this study is to achieve the desired architectural space and provide solutions by examining the factors of human quality of life in residential space. Interest in climatic conditions is one of the main subgroups of biological architecture. Methods: The method of this research is descriptive and analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Tabriz Asman Tower and the sample size with Cochran's formula was 355 people. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. In order to investigate the effect of biophilic architecture principles on housing design in Tabriz Asman Tower, regression correlation coefficient has been used. Results: The results showed that the greatest effect of biophilic architecture on improving the environmental quality of residential complexes is directly and indirectly related to the landscape index with a direct effect of 0.732 and an indirect effect of 0.413. The lowest direct and indirect effects are related to the gravity index with a direct effect of 0.333 and an indirect effect of 0.026. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is concluded that biophilic architecture is effective in improving the environmental quality of residential complexes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - Assessing the residents' satisfaction with the architectural quality of Mehr housing New city of Sahand according to the indicators of sustainable architecture
Hamed Pooyafar Hassan sattari Sarbangholi Hassan Ebrahimi Asl Shabnam Akbari Namdar

Background and Objective: Measuring residential satisfaction as one of the indicators of the quality of the residential environment is one of the main topics and of interest to researchers in architecture and urban planning studies. The purpose of this research is to in More

Background and Objective: Measuring residential satisfaction as one of the indicators of the quality of the residential environment is one of the main topics and of interest to researchers in architecture and urban planning studies. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the satisfaction of the residents of Mehr housing in terms of architectural quality, according to the indicators of sustainable architecture that lead to the stability and satisfaction of the residents of Mehr housing. Material and Methodology: The current research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection was done in the form of survey and library studies. The statistical population of the research includes 25394 residents of Mehr Sahand housing, of which 378 people were selected as a sample to distribute the questionnaire using the Cochran sampling method. Face validity was used for validity of questions and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. For data analysis, structural equation method with Spss and Amos software was used. The results showed that according to the second-order factor analysis, the factor loadings of all factors of sustainable architecture quality on the satisfaction level of the residents of Mehr residence are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. The results of the research showed that the greatest effects were related to physical-functional factors with a factor load (0.75), followed by socio-semantic factors with a factor load (0.69) and structural-spatial quality with a factor load (0.61). and environmental quality with factor load (0.55). Discussion and conclusion: In the end, it is concluded that four architectural quality factors have been effective in terms of sustainable architecture indicators and have a direct and meaningful relationship with the residents' satisfaction with Mehr housing city Sahand. Manuscript profile

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194 - A Comparative Study about the Relationship between Man and Architecture from the Aesthetic Perspective in Classical, Modern and Post-modern Periods
Somayeh Moosavian

Background and Objective: The inseparable connection of man and architecture over different periods, either in the form of drawing a relative resemblance or analogy between the structure of the human body and architecture has always been considerable due to either aesth More

Background and Objective: The inseparable connection of man and architecture over different periods, either in the form of drawing a relative resemblance or analogy between the structure of the human body and architecture has always been considerable due to either aesthetic reasons or symbolic reasons. The author's attempt is to investigate the type of human-architectural relationship in classical, modern and postmodern periods based on similarities and differences. The aim pursued in this research is a comparative study of this relationship in the aforementioned periods, in order to achieve the cognitive relation between human and architecture from the perspective of the aesthetics. The main question is how western architecture has dealt with human as an aesthetic subject during different periods?Material and Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical qualitative type, and in order to understand the place of man in the architectural aesthetics of different periods, it takes an interpretive point of view by using thematic literature, in a comparative method.Findings: The findings show that the general principles of aesthetics taken from the human body in classical architecture gradually became a complex process in subsequent periods.Discussion and Conclusion: It means, in the classical architecture, the implicit (metaphorical) and symbolic meaning of the aesthetics which was influenced by the human body. These concepts gradually faded to the onset of the modern period. The relationship between architecture and man from an aesthetic point of view in the classical period with an emphasis on its symbolic dimension, and in the modern period, emphasizing its pragmatic dimension, was a purely anatomical approach through mathematical logic. While this approach was transformed by the emergence of postmodernism into perceptional approach; hence, in postmodernism, emphasis is placed on human presence in architecture and cognizance through it, so this two-sided relationship of the body/architecture has come to the subject of "aesthetics experience" through physical perception in post-modernism architecture. Manuscript profile

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195 - Presenting a Framework for the Presence of Nature in Architecture Based on Systems Thinking
Minou Gharebaglou Laleh Reshad

Basis and Goal: This article presents a framework for the presence of nature in architecture based on systems thinking. The main question of this article is how to express the optimal relationship between nature and architecture based on systems thinking. Methods: The More

Basis and Goal: This article presents a framework for the presence of nature in architecture based on systems thinking. The main question of this article is how to express the optimal relationship between nature and architecture based on systems thinking. Methods: The research method has a descriptive-analytical and inferential nature, which has been done by the systems thinking method with the help of causal loop diagram. Finding: Explaining a framework for the presence of nature in architecture based on systems thinking makes sense within the human-nature-architecture system. Based on the identification of human, nature and architecture subsystems, the dualities of human-architecture, human-nature and finally nature-architecture were identified as the main relationships in the system. Discussion and Conclusion: Results indicate that the framework of the presence of nature in architecture, receives dwelling necessities from the human-architecture relationship and its epistemological goals from the human-nature relationship. Accordingly, during the human-technical-natural process, first, with the help of coexistence with nature in the form of understanding the capabilities of the natural context in the ecosystem-based epistemological system, interaction with the environment is realized. In the next step, using the approach of modeling nature in the form of learning from it and spatial and visual integration with nature leads to the formation of spatial and formal qualities in the body of architecture. All approaches in the epistemological structure of the approach of completing nature, with the aim of promoting human and nature in the direction of human goals and needs, lead to the realization of the matter of dwelling. Manuscript profile

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196 - Explaining the Optimal Architectural Patterns of Residential Buildings from the Point of View of Energy (Case study of Tehran 12th District)
Zohreh Abbaszadeh Masoud Haghlesan Hassan Ebrahimy Asl

Background and Objective: Due to the increasing price of energy carriers, energy consumption has become one of the main challenges. Meanwhile, residential buildings have a significant share in energy consumption. In Iran, the construction sector accounts for about 40% o More

Background and Objective: Due to the increasing price of energy carriers, energy consumption has become one of the main challenges. Meanwhile, residential buildings have a significant share in energy consumption. In Iran, the construction sector accounts for about 40% of total energy consumption and is one of the most consumed sectors of energy demand in the residential sector. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the optimal architectural patterns of residential buildings from the point of view of energy. Material and Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and survey. By examining the design examples of common buildings in District 12 of Tehran and modeling them with the help of "Design Builder" software, the amount of energy required for heating and cooling of the building and the effect of various factors on the energy consumption of the building were calculated. Findings: The results indicate that simple methods of interior and exterior architectural design of residential buildings can reduce energy consumption in the study areas by about 40% and also by developing architectural criteria for different areas of the city. Tehran and the application of these criteria in their design can be achieved a significant reduction in energy consumption of buildings and energy efficiency. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result of reducing the energy consumption of buildings with architectural design, this method of energy efficiency in buildings is highly compatible with the economic, cultural and social conditions of the residents of these areas. Have high success. Manuscript profile

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197 - Investigating the Role of Covid-1 Disease in the Emergence of Green Architecture in the Future of Homes Research Based on Causal Layer Analysis (CLA)
Roshanak Nabeghvatan Azita Belali oskui Mohammadali Keynejad Farbod Diba

Background and Aim: With the outbreak of Covid-19 disease and home quarantine, people's lifestyles, which are directly related to home planning, underwent far-reaching changes. Humans have to spend a lot of time at home and have to do all their daily activities from hom More

Background and Aim: With the outbreak of Covid-19 disease and home quarantine, people's lifestyles, which are directly related to home planning, underwent far-reaching changes. Humans have to spend a lot of time at home and have to do all their daily activities from home, so with a change in lifestyle, there is a need to change the body and concept of the home, and being prepared to face this change requires recognizing alternative futures for the home. Methods: Using the method of causal layer analysis and deepening in its layers and reciprocating process, and using semi-structured interviews with experts, we identify alternative metaphors and discourses on the subject. Results: Alternative metaphors for the future of the home due to the prevalence of Covid-19 disease include seven items, of which the green house is the most important. Alternative discourses that support alternative metaphors also include naturalism, technological determinism, existentialism, and cultural revision. Discussion and Conclusion: Staying away from nature, means staying away from the original life and as a result creating depression that causes various mental illnesses. Green house will create health and security for the residents and as a result will provide more welfare and comfort. Also, the green house with its special architecture, is able to save energy and conserve more of some house resources. Due to the psychological and economic consequences of home quarantine due to the outbreak of Covid-19 disease, one of the most important elements for the future home is to pay attention to green space, plants, landscape and sustainability. Manuscript profile

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198 - Explain the Human-Environment Relationship Using a Critique of the Theoretical Foundations of Space Syntax
Seyed Tajedin Mansoori Esmaiel Zarghami

Background and Aim: The complexity of the subject of architectural and urban space design due to unknown dimensions and the existence of various human behavioral patterns, is such that it is not possible to design the environment based on the principles of a theory. The More

Background and Aim: The complexity of the subject of architectural and urban space design due to unknown dimensions and the existence of various human behavioral patterns, is such that it is not possible to design the environment based on the principles of a theory. The purpose of this study is to review and critique the foundations of space syntax theory, as one of the main tools of space design, in the optimal explanation of human-environment behavioral patterns.Methods: In the present research method, a hybrid strategy has been used. The initial data were collected with a qualitative approach, based on library studies. To classify the data, a classification strategy is used. This strategy creates new knowledge by arranging and structuring data in a system based on general characteristics, patterns, behaviors, and themes, and can be combined with other research strategies. To achieve the results, the obtained data are explained with an interpretive strategy based on inference. In achieving and explaining the results, a critical approach has been considered in order to provide the strengths and weaknesses of the theory of space syntax and theoretical and practical solutions to address the weaknesses of this theory.Findings: After examining the capabilities of space syntax theory analysis in space perception, the findings show that this theory has weaknesses in explaining the human-environment relationship that can be addressed in four factors: visual, structural (geometric), behavioral and Categorized environment.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that in the field of visual factors, readability; In the field of structural (geometric) factors, readability and configuration; In the field of behavior and environment, explanation of behavioral camps; And in the field of environmental factors, climatic factors are the most influential shortcomings of neophyte theory in explaining the human-environmental relationship. Therefore, in the optimal design of the environment and reducing the weaknesses of neohospatial theory, the basics of cover theories in the expressed areas should be used. Manuscript profile

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199 - Introduction to Seascape Ecology (Case Study: Coastal Line of Zone of Assaluye)
Maryam Farrahi Farimani Mehdi Haghighatbin

Ecology and specially landscape ecology is a relatively new field in the world of biology science. Landscape ecology studies the relationship between ecological functions and spatial patterns in the terrestrial systems. Recently many of manuscripts in this field are abo More

Ecology and specially landscape ecology is a relatively new field in the world of biology science. Landscape ecology studies the relationship between ecological functions and spatial patterns in the terrestrial systems. Recently many of manuscripts in this field are about aquatic ecosystems for example marine ecosystems named seascape ecology and they have allocated so high proportion themselves. Existence of variety aquatic ecosystems in Iran specially coastal line with 6700 Kilometers long emphasizes attention to this category. The high sensitivity of marine ecosystems and specially coastal lines are very important. Because nowadays communities are migrating to coastal cities and using marine resources fast. So creating normal interaction and equilibrium among marine Eco, human Eco and city Eco is vital and hard. The aim of this study is introducing marine- coastal environmental factors and components that can encompass physical factors (such as water and land) and non- physical factors (such as culture, history and view). At this research based on explaining method, it is described the branch of ecology science with method of collecting information by studying papers and books, surfing the Net and field visit to open view for Iran’s scientific community. Then it is discussed about two important features in seascape, composition and configuration. In analyzing the first feature with the help of SWOT technique, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are dumped. In the second feature with the help of overlaying maps and boundary the patches, corridors and matrix, ecological integrity and connectivity of components are dumped. Manuscript profile

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200 - A Review of Aging Theories and its Reflection in the Landscape Architectural Features of Nursing Homes
Ali Sharghi Abdolhamid Ghanbaran Farzaneh Salehi Kousalari

Abstract Human as a part of nature, has a beginning, a peak and finally a decline. Considering the increase in the elderly population and the phenomenon of population aging, it seems necessary to know the qualitative strategies for improving the lives of the large group More

Abstract Human as a part of nature, has a beginning, a peak and finally a decline. Considering the increase in the elderly population and the phenomenon of population aging, it seems necessary to know the qualitative strategies for improving the lives of the large group of the elderly. One of the solutions to improve the elderly’s life quality is to take advantage of the appropriate natural landscape in their living space. While recognizing the common theories of aging and summarizing these theories, the present study tries to identify the needs of the elderly and provide a perspective with characteristics appropriate to their physical, psychological and social needs. In the present study, the methods of library studies and documents were used to collect the information and based on popular theories of old age such as theories based on the attitude focused on the elderly, the dominance of society over the behavior of the elderly, the interactive attitude of the elderly and society and the attitude of honoring the elderly. The community tried to select a suitable action plan for landscaping nursing homes based on a more comprehensive theory. The results of the study indicated the application of the attitude of respecting the elderly in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Also, the option of applied-visual landscaping with features such as emotional (emotional stimulus, absence of stressors, user comfort), functional (user opinion, ease of movement, user needs, perception, creating a sense of self-awareness) for landscaping in nursing homes appropriate to their needs and values were presented in the respectful attitude of the elderly. Manuscript profile

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201 - Studying Per Capita and the Factors Affecting the Attainment of a Favorable green space in small cities (Case study: Zeyaratali city)
Omid Heidary Behrouz Narouyi Esmail Salehi Lobat Zebardast

Green space has an important role in the stability of a city. If environmental standards are met and a proper dispersion in connection ibith various factors suches population, density and area is observed, it can play a positive role in improving people’s quality More

Green space has an important role in the stability of a city. If environmental standards are met and a proper dispersion in connection ibith various factors suches population, density and area is observed, it can play a positive role in improving people’s quality of life. Hence analysis of green space application and determining its per capita through Bahram Soltani’s architectural model and estimating volume of the sample using Kocharan’s model in one of the most arid cities of Iran, and providing ideal suggestions in order to create a balance in the socio-physical structure of the aforementioned city, can be important as the subject of the current study. Being a practical research, this study has been written based on a descriptive – analytic style, which collects documentary (library) and field data. It begins with creating an index model for problems in urban green spaces with five indices. Later these indices are classified into fourteen factors. Then the factors are scored from 0 to 10. Finally, the importance of each factor is specified by AHP. Also, 340 questionnaires were distributed among the citizens randomly. The results of this study show that current situation of the green space, its dispersion and distribution in the region is far from the usual standards in small cities and has made its residents face some isuses. The most problem in urban green space is lack of various experiments which stands at an average of 4.23. Conducted calculations also show that this shortage of green space is up to 64977.3m2 Manuscript profile

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202 - Investigating the similarities and differences of space in linguistics and architecture
Majid Rafati Parviz Zia Shahabi Abbas Masoudi Malek Hosseini

10.30495/clq.2023.1916743.2051

Although space has usually been at the center of architectural debates since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has never been the basis of linguistic and poetic theories, and as a result, architectural poetry has not been understood and experienced as a space l More

Although space has usually been at the center of architectural debates since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has never been the basis of linguistic and poetic theories, and as a result, architectural poetry has not been understood and experienced as a space language. Since the combination of knowledge in the contemporary period is of great importance, many commonalities can be found between architecture and literature.Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to compare the category of space in the two arts of architecture and literature and its specific perceptions, and relying on philosophical critiques of poetry and new linguistic tendencies, similarities and differences between architecture and literature. Criticize and adapt the concept of space. One of the most important findings of this research is that the geometric language of architecture and texture of traditional cities with existential elements such as corridors, porches, courtyards and other spaces is a clear example of the language of residence and poetry of space. Architecture and language are both mediators of our encounter with the world because we are always present in architecture, just as we are always present in language. This resemblance reveals the spatiality of both. The poetry of space is the experientiality of language, so the construction of a revealing space on the one hand, and experiential and constructiveness on the other, is something that poetry must learn from architecture. But what architecture needsto learn from poetry isto usethe language ofarchitecture in a way thatis more than architecture Manuscript profile

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203 - A Comparative Study of Abstraction in Iranian Islamic poetry and architecture and Arabic-Islamic Poetry and Architecture ( Emphasizing on traditionalists' views on Islamic art(
foroogh elahi Nima Ettehadi

10.30495/clq.2023.1959937.2431

Traditionalist philosophers have described Islamic art as abstract, cryptic, and meaningful. Accordingly, pure abstraction has a special place in the art of Islamic architecture in Iran and the Islamic world , as one of the important features of Islamic art, which is ta More

Traditionalist philosophers have described Islamic art as abstract, cryptic, and meaningful. Accordingly, pure abstraction has a special place in the art of Islamic architecture in Iran and the Islamic world , as one of the important features of Islamic art, which is taken from the first aesthetic source of abstraction in Islam, the Holy Quran, and is based on mystery and semantics. However, this important element and indicator has received less attention the art of Persian and Arabic poetry , which is one of the most prominent and widespread arts that was composed in the Islamic period with the aim of embodying abstract and transcendental concepts based on monotheistic and mystical beliefs Of These two nations. Accordingly, the current descriptiveanalytical method paper examined and explained the element of abstraction, review and compare in ArabicIslamic and Iranian Islamic poetry and architecture with emphasis on the views of traditionalists. Studies show that the emergence of Sufism and mysticism in Islamic poetry and architecture has been the peak of the tendency to pure abstraction these arts between these two nations. Thus, concepts such as unity of existence, manifestation, love, annihilation and survival in the form of geometric shapes, lines, colors and words and phrases and through common artistic tools such as rhythm, balance, repetition, code, simile and ... is reflected in Arab-Islamic and iranian Islamic architecture and poetry, so that almost everything that has happened in the world of mysticism has entered the field these two Iranian and Islamic arts in abstract language. Manuscript profile

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204 - The Architecture of Honey Bee from point of view ofthe Quran and modern architecture
Fahimeh Mousavi Mehdi Momtahen Majid Khazai Sayed hosseyn Abdollahi boray

While Quran’s taughts insure the program of human life toward his guidance, they have valuable facts in different fields of world recognition. Quran culture doesn’t consider the world and Islam as material ones, but opens a new huge horizon for hum More

While Quran’s taughts insure the program of human life toward his guidance, they have valuable facts in different fields of world recognition. Quran culture doesn’t consider the world and Islam as material ones, but opens a new huge horizon for human and world and their incorporation. In the present paper, human architecture and inspiration of human from architecture of honey bee and the Quran paradigms related to this creature are studied and addressed, and also some significant buildings are introduced that are built by patterns from this creature. Manuscript profile

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205 - Tourism structures, the effective factors for tourism development (Case Study: Palangan Village)
Sirvan Bahrami Nader Zandi

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206 - Comparative Principles of Spatial Structure of Commercial Buildings in Arid Climate of Iran: an Iconic Architecture Case study in Yazd and Tabriz
leila zarrin Majid mofidi SHemirani Mansoureh Tahbaz

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207 - Provide a Method for Evaluating the Performance of Agile Enterprise Architecture
A. Noushzad A. Harounabadi S. J. Mirabedini

Agile enterprise architecture is developed in a process called enterprise architecture process. This process is complex and the architect can use a framework to regulate its structure and use a style to guide its behavior in order to control its complexity. In architect More

Agile enterprise architecture is developed in a process called enterprise architecture process. This process is complex and the architect can use a framework to regulate its structure and use a style to guide its behavior in order to control its complexity. In architecture, behavior precedes structure and with a structure, it is possible to have various behaviors. One of the factors with which, one can determine which one of these behaviors is more appropriate for agile enterprise architecture, is architecture performance assessment. A non-functional requirement in agile enterprise architecture is efficiency, and one of the system efficiency parameters is response time which has been used in this research. For this purpose, and in order to regulate and organize enterprise architecture descriptions, it is necessary to use a framework. DODAF, unlike Zachman framework which has six viewpoints, consists of three different viewpoints. Unified Modeling Language (UML), makes it possible that the products of this framework, be shown with a unified modelling symbol. The aim of this research is to provide a method to assess the efficiency of agile enterprise architecture to achieve a proper architecture. In this research, using Zachman-based frameworks, first, the characteristics of the desired enterprise are described using UML diagrams. In the following, these diagrams which are mainly behavioral and structural, are turned into official models. UML-related clichés which are usually placed as marginal graphics on UML diagrams will be used for this purpose. It will be possible to assess non-functional requirements on official models. In the proposed method, we will assess the efficiency of agile enterprise architecture in the design and pre-implementation phases. Research results show that with the provision of a model in the design phase, heavy implementation costs will be avoided. Manuscript profile

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208 - Performance evaluation of information systems by using MVC design pattern and Markup language developed
Sh Mazarei علی Harounabadi S. J Mirabedini

The development of complex software systems Wants models that non-functional requirements evaluation of systems do in the development process, especially in the early stages. Architecture evaluation is done in different ways Hence need to have a way to integrate non-fun More

The development of complex software systems Wants models that non-functional requirements evaluation of systems do in the development process, especially in the early stages. Architecture evaluation is done in different ways Hence need to have a way to integrate non-functional requirements. This Paper, MVC design pattern show in the form of framework based on extensible markup language for evaluating performance non-functional requirements. This framework is based on Petri nets that help can be it provided the MVC design pattern. The current study compared with RelatedWork provides Take advantage of Extensible Markup Language,   To address non-functional requirements and will be drawn an executable model of the application. Manuscript profile

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209 - Design Construction and Evaluation of a Ring-like Karbandi Structure
Ahad Shahhoseini sajjad pakzad Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar Malek Shahi

10.30486/admt.2023.1963260.1368

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210 - Investigating and Analyzing the Effect of Router Components on Network Performance on the Chip with Regard to Power Consumption
Farnaz Zogh Azadeh Alsadat Emrani Zarandi Vahid Sattari Naeini

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211 - Presentation a secure structure for designing and implementing a comprehensive system of geographical marking of the country's places
Rasul Babaei Jaber Karimpour

:In today's digital world, having a unique geographical address is essential for any government. In this regard, a project called the National Standard Spatial Address Plan has been created to code and identify the geographical locations of the country, which is the key More

:In today's digital world, having a unique geographical address is essential for any government. In this regard, a project called the National Standard Spatial Address Plan has been created to code and identify the geographical locations of the country, which is the key to connecting information distributed in different organizations. With regard to the distribution of information in different organizations, there are important points about confidentiality, ownership and access to information. The unique geographical address is a challenge between different governing organizations as well as the people and non-profit organizations of a country. There are several dimensions to these challenges, the challenges of integrating information in different organizations and the rules of access and security of confidential information are the most fundamental challenges of this system. These challenges become more and more vital when this information needs to be made available to different organizations with different access capabilities. In this research, a method for integration based on service-oriented architecture is presented. A centralized security service has been proposed at the services routing layer to control, inspect and manage, establish and maintain access and privacy rules. The study shows that the proposed method has significantly improved the challenges of access, ownership, integration, centralized management and inspection of communications and access levels. Manuscript profile

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212 - Analysis and Semantics of Zoroastrian Motifs of Tomb Buildings of the Republic of Azerbaijan During the Ilkhanid Period
Mozhgan Zabihi Pilehroud Jamaleddin Soheili

10.30486/pia.2023.1984119.1029

During the post-Islamic periods, Iran's tomb buildings gained popularity through the construction of magnificent tombs above the graves of religious saints, as well as kings and famous individuals. Iran, having been a part of ancient civilizations for a significant peri More

During the post-Islamic periods, Iran's tomb buildings gained popularity through the construction of magnificent tombs above the graves of religious saints, as well as kings and famous individuals. Iran, having been a part of ancient civilizations for a significant period, has had a profound influence on the architectural styles of neighboring countries in different historical eras. This particular research aims to explore the characteristics of Zoroastrian motifs found in the tomb buildings of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanid period. The objective of this study is to introduce the decorative elements present in the tombs of the Republic of Azerbaijan and elucidate their respective meanings. The research question guiding this investigation is as follows: What Zoroastrian motifs and concepts are employed in the tomb architecture of the Republic of Azerbaijan? The research approach adopted for this study is historical-interpretive, with information collection primarily relying on library research and on-site investigations of tomb structures within the region. The findings of this study reveal the presence of various Zoroastrian decorative elements in the tombs of this area, including geometric patterns, plant motifs, animal representations, and more. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - Rereading the Personality Characteristics of the Muslim Architect based on the Opinions of Titus Burkhardt
Seyed Rahman Mortazavi Mehdi Mohammadkhani

10.30486/pia.2022.1967187.1007

Titus Burckhardt, on the basis of philosophia perennis, proposes a model for reading Islamic art which helps understanding it without violating its fundamental rules. Its point of departure is an understanding of inadequacy of modern methods in the reading of traditiona More

Titus Burckhardt, on the basis of philosophia perennis, proposes a model for reading Islamic art which helps understanding it without violating its fundamental rules. Its point of departure is an understanding of inadequacy of modern methods in the reading of traditional cultures. Models that are unable to show and bear the spiritual foundations of the traditional world. In this regard, he shows how architecture , like other traditional arts, is able to analyze and show the mental horizons and the world of the traditional human being. An architecture in Islamic world is a complete reflection of Islamic culture, since Muslim architect breathes in an atmosphere full of Islamic theosophy and the taste of his audience is also shaped in this atmosphere.The characteristics of Muslim architect’s faith , which was formed and nurtured in this space, are undistinguishable part of Islamic architecture tradition; and these characteristics give unity and meaning to the whole of Islamic architecture in the first place. He mixes his skills with faith and sacred knowledge and sees his work as a way to materialize God's will on earth. This approach transcends simultaneously creator and constructed and removes profane aspect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - Evaluation of Environmental Components Affecting Natural Ventilation of theTraditional House of Natanz City
Zahra Akhlaghi Zahra Abbasi

10.30486/pia.2023.1995079.1051

Failure to take advantage of environmental factors in the design and the high consumption of non-renewable energy have caused energy wastage and increased costs in the residential sector. Meanwhile, natural ventilation is one of the most effective factors in creating th More

Failure to take advantage of environmental factors in the design and the high consumption of non-renewable energy have caused energy wastage and increased costs in the residential sector. Meanwhile, natural ventilation is one of the most effective factors in creating thermal comfort. The city of Natanz is located in the sub-climate of the foothills. Energy requirements depend to a great extent on the climatic conditions of the environment, and it is possible to position the buildings within the comfort zone for a significant portion of the year by considering environmental factors and utilizing natural ventilation.In the following article, the approach to native housing in Natanz City, focusing on natural ventilation to adapt to thermal comfort conditions, is investigated. Ventilation in four houses from the Timurid to Pahlavi periods in Bagshahr Natanz has been analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Design-Builder software. The results of the investigations show that the native architecture of Natanz City, incorporating static solutions and mindful consideration of the bed's conditions, has successfully placed these buildings within the thermal comfort zone for many days during the hot season by harnessing suitable natural ventilation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - Measuring of the Absolute Identity of Architectural Objects: An Ontological and Epistemological Analysis
Sajad Damyar Masood Nari Ghomi

This article aims to analyze the concept of architectural identity as a mental phenomenon, targeting both audiences and architects. It addresses the implications of architectural identity and explores the type of definition necessary for architectural purposes in three More

This article aims to analyze the concept of architectural identity as a mental phenomenon, targeting both audiences and architects. It addresses the implications of architectural identity and explores the type of definition necessary for architectural purposes in three main sections. The first section examines the concept of identity across three meta-architectural fields: philosophy, psychology, and sociology, which extensively utilize this concept. The study reveals a general discrepancy in definitions within these fields when applied to architectural contexts. In the second section, to arrive at a suitable definition for architectural purposes, a systematic classification of definitions is conducted, followed by a logical analysis aimed at achieving the primary research goal. The third part of the article presents the ontological and epistemological characteristics of absolute architectural identity from an essentialist perspective, employing analytical methods and logical reasoning. The findings suggest that architectural identity is inherently "exploratory" within the essentialist paradigm, with innovation and inventiveness potentially diminishing architectural identity. Furthermore, the deliberate "reduction" of architectural identity to the "unity of mental expectation and physical perception," despite not encompassing all aspects of place identity, enhances efficiency in architectural studies and design Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Explaining the Role of the Visual Arts Community in Shaping Contemporary Residential Architecture in the (1) Region; Tehran City (From 2008 to 2018)
Mahdieh Shahparvari Behrouz Mansouri Iraj Etesam

Excessive consumerism leads to the manifestation of architectural works that can be confusing, often diverting attention from the importance of structures and the context of realizing a work or the vitality of a cultural and artistic movement in society. Therefore, the More

Excessive consumerism leads to the manifestation of architectural works that can be confusing, often diverting attention from the importance of structures and the context of realizing a work or the vitality of a cultural and artistic movement in society. Therefore, the main aim of the present research is to elucidate the role of the display-oriented society in shaping the architecture of residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran (from 2008 to 2018). The research methodology is qualitative-quantitative, and the research strategy is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is conducted through library and field studies. The display of architecture manifested through elements, design types, building facades, decorations, and overall structures, is apparent in the residential buildings of Region 1 in Tehran. This is evident through decorative additions on facades, large and unidirectional windows, lighting types, and color combinations, accompanied by curved forms, and most importantly, high-rise constructions. These factors, together, have transformed the residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran into one of the most affluent areas, significantly elevating property values in this area. The results of the research indicate that contemporary residential buildings in Region 1 of Tehran, particularly during the years from 2011 to the present, have adopted a prominent ornamental aspect. Without alignment with Iranian identity and culture, these buildings have transformed these areas, heavily relying on elements such as decorations and modern forms. They are highly consumer-oriented, aligning mainly with the tastes of the client and the architect. Therefore, residential buildings in this area are intensely consumer-oriented and have, to some extent, taken shape solely due to consumerism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Zendevari, A localized Framework of Development for the Built Environment in Iran
Houtan Iravani

The most practical development framework, named sustainability, is not completely accepted in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to localize the paradigm to adapt to national conditions. In this paper, a new framework named "Zendevari" is derived from sustainable developm More

The most practical development framework, named sustainability, is not completely accepted in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to localize the paradigm to adapt to national conditions. In this paper, a new framework named "Zendevari" is derived from sustainable development theory through logical argumentation to be practical in the context of Iran. Thus, this study attempts to localize the framework for evaluating sustainable architecture and present an Iranian model and framework. The model is then tested using one of the most valid models for evaluating architectural sustainability as a quantitative model in the field of architecture. Finally, several successes and examples achieved through the framework are mentioned to confirm the testability and strength of the theory. In this study, a new method is employed to reformulate and form a native Iranian Islamic model, Zendevari, for application in the built environment. The steps and processes of achieving the reconstructions and quantitative patterns are described at the end of this study. Lastly, a mixed method and survey Delphi process, including the Friedman test, confirm Zendevari framework indicators in seven variables, positioning the localized theory in first place. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - The Relationship between Architecture and Artistic Imagination in Iranian Wisdom
Marjan Amjad Flora Biabani

10.30486/pia.2023.1993630.1047

Iranian wisdom has always shone brightly in the intellectual realm of the thinkers and philosophers of this land. As history attests, Iran has been the wellspring of magnificent architectural marvels and ingenious responses to climatic, cultural, and environmental chall More

Iranian wisdom has always shone brightly in the intellectual realm of the thinkers and philosophers of this land. As history attests, Iran has been the wellspring of magnificent architectural marvels and ingenious responses to climatic, cultural, and environmental challenges. However, we find ourselves at a juncture where the architecture in this region no longer aligns with the foresight, stability, beauty, and respect for people that Persian architects have traditionally upheld. In this context, we present a qualitative research approach coupled with an analytical-historical interpretation method. Our goal is to construct a conceptual framework that delves into specialized aspects of this field, aiming to revive Persian native cultures and sciences. Fundamentally, we seek to reexamine the insights of Persian sages regarding the power of imagination in achieving artistic creativity, a form of pure imagination closely intertwined with architecture. The research findings demonstrate that art is profoundly linked to both independent and interconnected imaginations. Devoid of either, the wisdom within art loses its essence, rendering it meaningless. The elevation and potency of imaginative perception empower artists to consistently draw inspiration from the World of Forms and convey it through the language of art and wisdom. The journey of crafting an architectural masterpiece, in itself one of Latifa's Sana’at, a form of art, and an integral facet of human existence, is inexorably entwined with this path. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Measuring the Social Acceptability of Soil-Based Architecture and Its Wisdom in the Climate of Yazd City
Amirreza Sadeghian Roxana Abdollahi Ali Akbari Mehrdad Javidinejad

Soil-based architecture is one of the ancient construction techniques and a part of the valuable originality of architecture, engaged with its wisdom, whose experience of its usage has undergone various changes over time. The purpose of this research is to understand th More

Soil-based architecture is one of the ancient construction techniques and a part of the valuable originality of architecture, engaged with its wisdom, whose experience of its usage has undergone various changes over time. The purpose of this research is to understand the current public acceptability of using soil-based architecture in Yazd city and the set of different factors affecting it. The research approach is quantitative, and its nature is applied, along with the use of deductive reasoning logic and popular public acceptability measurement models such as the 'UTAUT' model and the 'theory of planned behavior'. The method of data analysis is quantitative and includes a set of descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as the mean difference test and linear regression. The research data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with a statistical population of 400 people, using the random sampling method. Based on the descriptive findings of the research, the variable of awareness has the lowest score (1.75), and the variable of perceived usefulness of the environment (3.90) has obtained the highest score. Additionally, the behavioral index of the use of soil architecture in the city of Yazd has an average score lower than the middle limit of the Likert scale (2.71). Moreover, sixteen independent variables have a correlation coefficient with the dependent variable of behavior, and six independent variables have a statistically significant influence coefficient (r2 = 0.625) on the dependent variable. 'Perceived ease,' 'individual characteristics,' 'behavioral attitudes,' 'experience,' and 'perceived usefulness' in the 'structural engineering dimension' had the highest impact coefficient among this set of variables. In summary, the introduced model for the public acceptability of using soil-based architecture provides measurement of this index for the city of Yazd Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

220 - Exploring the Identity Components of Iranian Architecture in the Tombs of Iran during the Metaverse Era (Case Study: Hafez Tomb)
Mojgan Rezapanah Vahid Ghobadian Fereshteh Habib

Nowadays, in contemporary tombs, the consideration of identity-building components in Islamic Iranian architecture has been forgotten. In such a way, the tombs of contemporary Iran have turned into meaningless places. Therefore, the research aims to explain the identity More

Nowadays, in contemporary tombs, the consideration of identity-building components in Islamic Iranian architecture has been forgotten. In such a way, the tombs of contemporary Iran have turned into meaningless places. Therefore, the research aims to explain the identity components of Iranian architecture in the tombs of Hafez in the Metaverse era. The research question is how to quantify and understand the identity components of Iranian architecture in the tombs of Iran in the Metaverse era. In this regard, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used, and the method of collecting information is through library studies. The results showed that in the age of the metaverse, which is based on virtual realities and the virtual world, components such as real presence, interaction, stability, transcendence, and low cost can revive the identity-building components of Iranian architecture in today's tombs. Considering that the metaverse era manifests modernity in the virtual world, the combination of traditional and modern physical elements in form, materials, and geometry can be appropriate when simulating. Additionally, the use of environmental and climatic patterns, such as the garden and pavilion pattern, the five elements of nature, and attention to the region's climate, can lead to economic savings while maintaining sustainability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

221 - Impact Of Islamic Mysticism on Iranian Architecture with an Emphasis on Soltaniyeh Dome Decorations
Hatef Siyahkoohiyan

In the realm of mysticism, art is a kind of spiritual journey in which the artist, heavenly and spiritually inspired, achieves intuition. In fact, the Islamic art and architecture is the manifestation of the almighty revelation on the earth, the delicacy and subtleness More

In the realm of mysticism, art is a kind of spiritual journey in which the artist, heavenly and spiritually inspired, achieves intuition. In fact, the Islamic art and architecture is the manifestation of the almighty revelation on the earth, the delicacy and subtleness of which will take the mystics to the apocalypse and intuition. Traditional historic buildings in the Islamic architecture are emblems of the heaven and manifestation of the divinely tradition in which the skills and delicacies used come in close relation with the spiritual and metaphysical principles. Meticulous attention to the decorations and drawings, as well as the selection of the statements and concepts used in the inscriptions on the Islamic buildings, can make one witness the direct and indirect impact of Islamic mysticism and Sufism over the designs. The abundance of the Koranic verses in the inscriptions and mosques decorations and shrines and Imam Descendents shrines and domes, including Soltaniyeh Dome where every inch is sainted and virtue stricken, could be related to the topic of "citation" and "beads" that are among the major issues of Islamic Sufism and mysticism. In addition, the image or design of a "star" as a symbol of illumination and beauty, the center of which is the word "Allah" and sided by the words Mohammad and Ali demonstrate the spiritual leadership of God and divine leaders within the internal and external direction of Tariqa disciples, which are abundantly seen in the designs and images of the domes decorations, especially Soltaniyeh. The unity between Shari'ah, Tariqa, and reality is one of the major issues of mysticism that are easily seen in some parts of inscriptions and designs of Islamic buildings, including Soltaniyeh, "Allah, Mohammad, Ali" adjacent. Within the decoration, the word "Allah" signifies reality, the word "Mohammad" signifies Shari'ah, and the word "Ali" signifies Tariqa. In addition, the sole use of the grand name of "Allah" exclusively used in inscriptions and decoration of Islamic buildings represents the principle of "monotheism" and mystical monotheism in Islamic Sufism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - Manifestation Of mysticism in Architecture Of mosque
Abdolrahim Annagheh Hamid Mahmoodian Roghaye Saberizade

The link between theosophical schools and architecture of different buildings is so deep and widespread that separation of architecture and theosophy seems impossible. Association between divine religions –especially holy religion of Islam- and local arts of their count More

The link between theosophical schools and architecture of different buildings is so deep and widespread that separation of architecture and theosophy seems impossible. Association between divine religions –especially holy religion of Islam- and local arts of their countries is obvious. So theosophy belongs to nature of all religions. Religions have never found more effective and representative tools than arts especially architecture of temples and mosques, to introduce itself. Besides, architecture has also never found a supporter like Islam. Regarding history of Iranian mosques architecture, can be seen manifestation of theosophical concepts and its design on facade of ancient buildings? For instance, why have domes being built spherical in Islamic architecture of Iran? And why all surfaces of Islamic buildings of Iran are covered with flowers, bushes or abstract designs? This study through documentary and observation research, tries to investigate the importance of intellectual arts and manifestation of theosophy in Islamic mosques architecture, remind forgotten beauties and finally represent fundamental role of theosophy in order to lead arts and artists to divine destinations Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - The Concept of the Truth and Beauty of Mysticism and its Emergence in the Era of Islamic Architecture
KhosroZafarnavaei Zafarnavaei

The beauty issue has been incorporated into the foundation of all human beings, so the recognition of beauty and the pursuit of beauty is rooted in our soul, and in fact, man needs to be in relation to beauty. Therefore, without the beauty of the soul, it remains in the More

The beauty issue has been incorporated into the foundation of all human beings, so the recognition of beauty and the pursuit of beauty is rooted in our soul, and in fact, man needs to be in relation to beauty. Therefore, without the beauty of the soul, it remains in the darkness and the violence of matter and in the domination of the quantities, the work of beauty with humanity is in fact attracting his attention. He is refreshed and meaningful in order to break down from quantity and to deal with qualities until his life. And in fact, the relationship between truth and meaning with beauty is explained in this way, because beauty is an expression of perfection or truth. In this article, we try to use the analytical and descriptive method and library studies to define the truth and beauty and the relation between two of the views of Islamic thinkers. Finally, the expression of these concepts and, in fact, the manifestation of content and truth in the body of Islamic architecture Check in. It is also possible to achieve perfection with care in a beautiful work, in addition to the fact that the sensation of human aesthetic is saturated. This is evident in the architecture of the Islamic era despite the long years of their creation due to the deep link between the artist and the eternal meanings and facts. Therefore, as far as the relationship between the three concepts (truth, beauty and art) goes further and deeper, a better and more useful understanding of beauty and perfection will arise, making the human a beautiful and humane art, as well as the ability to create works Beautiful and perfectionist, containing absolute truth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - The Mystical Symbol of Light and Color in Gothic Paintings and Architecture
Peyman Alizadeh oskooii Ismail BaniArdalan Kamran Afshar mohajer Mohamad reza Sharifzadeh Mohamad javad Safian

Mysticism entails insight in the Absolute, insight in his names, traits, and expressions. All names of Allah, such as Jamil, Badie,  Mosavar, etc. are tied with art and aesthetics. Color is the expression of pluralism in unity. Light, per se, is a symbol of unity b More

Mysticism entails insight in the Absolute, insight in his names, traits, and expressions. All names of Allah, such as Jamil, Badie,  Mosavar, etc. are tied with art and aesthetics. Color is the expression of pluralism in unity. Light, per se, is a symbol of unity but it is embodied by color and color acts as a media for expression and emergence of light. Colors signify a specific meaning in the realm of art. For instance, green implies a divine mystical state but white is the symbol of Absoluteness. Goethic architecture seeks to create mysterious spaces through a combination of lights, shadows, and bright colors, so that the sacredness of that space is immadiately perceived. Present study attempts to examine the application of light and color in Goethic architecture and paintings. It is of descriptive-analytical type. Data is gathered through inductive reasoning and librarian method. Research findings show that Goethic architecture and painting imbued with religious concepts makes an attempt to embody God embeded in mysterious spaces through a combination of lights and colors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

225 - An Archetypal Analysis of the Mystical Space in the Tombs of the Ilkhanid Period Mystics (Sheykh Abdolsamad Natanzi & Sheykh Safieddin Ardabili)
Elnaz Behnoud Lida Balilan Dariush Sattarzadeh

Jung's analytical psychology is a new introduction tool for understanding meanings and receiving new messages from artistic and literary sources. According to this theory, archetypes are symbolic images in mythology and cultures that have replaced similar concepts in th More

Jung's analytical psychology is a new introduction tool for understanding meanings and receiving new messages from artistic and literary sources. According to this theory, archetypes are symbolic images in mythology and cultures that have replaced similar concepts in the subconscious of humanity. Among the architectural works, the tomb of the Ilkhanid period as mystical spaces is one of the best areas for the emergence of these archetypes. One of the key archetypes that has been introduced in Jung's analytic psychology is the archetype of "process of individuality" that deals with spiritual questions about the meaning of life and the goal of creation. Based on the purpose of this study, which is the recognition of archetypes semantic concepts, using qualitative content method, the techniques used in sign perception have been used. Assuming that attention to the journey from the material world to the afterworld has always been considered in literature and mysticism, this archetype seems to be reflected in the architectural structure of the intended tombs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - Recognition of the Effect of Mystical (Shiite) Thought on the Emergence of the Centrifugal Model of the Persian Garden Reference in the Architecture of Iranian Gardens
hosein moradinasab

10.2234/erfan.2023.708536

There is a cosmological thinking in the imagination of Iranians in the form of an image that divides the space into four parts by four rivers with vertical axes, which is called the reference model of the Persian garden. Algebraic geometry was considered as a kind of re More

There is a cosmological thinking in the imagination of Iranians in the form of an image that divides the space into four parts by four rivers with vertical axes, which is called the reference model of the Persian garden. Algebraic geometry was considered as a kind of regular formation of nature, while these geometries were especially responsive to mystical and sacred structures. Since mystical language is the language of simile and allegory in Islamic art, especially during the Safavid period, the purpose of this study is to recognize the influence of mystical-Shiite thought on the emergence of a reference model in Iranian gardens. According to the theoretical foundation of the research, which is based on the Islamic Wisdom System, a combined method is used which consists of analysis of qualitative content and inferential reasoning which is tested in the historical context using determinative evidence and of course according to Due to the historical interpretive nature of some hypotheses, its orientation (study) will be explanatory-narrative, their interpretation is based on the content analysis of historical texts, combined with logical reasoning. In conclusion, The research findings show that the peak of Shiite mystical thinking in the unified system of Safavid government, the bedrock The centralist allegorical idea in the conclusion of the Persian garden as two intersecting axes perpendicular to each other around the middle pavilion with placement provided the pond at its heart to match the centrifugal geometry of the Iranian garden reference pattern. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

227 - Studying the Impact of Multi-Functional Architectural Approaches on Adaptive Reuse of the Industrial Architecture Heritage of Tehran City
Hamid Asadi hamed abedini

10.30495/juepd.2023.1983361.1173

This urban issue of terminating and ignoring such buildings as heritage of industrial architecture has caused the closure of this constructions, in spite of having an applicable life cycle and architectural principles; however, by some reactions from various institution More

This urban issue of terminating and ignoring such buildings as heritage of industrial architecture has caused the closure of this constructions, in spite of having an applicable life cycle and architectural principles; however, by some reactions from various institutions and to promote economic and social sustainability, the condition for having a new application and restoration these industrial buildings as a heritage is provided, which are examples of the experiences of adaptability in Iran as the main focus of this research. Therefore, the aim of this research is to review the successful experiences of multi-functional and universal adaptable architecture to compare their strategies with the heritage of industrial experiences in the city of Tehran. In this research, the studies of adaptability for universal samples are considered as the basis for exploring the multi-functional architectural strategies. The approaches include three physical layers of the building structure, facilities and facade, which have been evaluated by using Delphi method on the heritage of industrial architecture in city of Tehran as a statistical population. The non-parametric statistical tests of Cochran's Q test and Friedman's test, were applied to analyze data; the theoretical sampling method for both statistical population (Tehran's industrial architectural heritage) and (relevant experts) was adopted. According to the expert’s ideas, the strategies of two-layered structure and facade in the target buildings were confirmed; according to the data analysis, ‘Argo Factory’ had the highest Degrees of Freedom (df) regarding the structure layer, and in relation to the facade, the ‘Iranian Artists Forum’ with the highest average test rank, showed the highest conformity of the facade and the structure. However, regarding the facilities, no compliance of the facility was found. The industrial architectural heritage of Tehran includes some buildings that reused for another purpose as: Argo Factory (changed to Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre), Iranshahr Barracks (Iranian Artists Forum), Beryank Hosiery Factory (Haftchenar's Museum of Wildlife and Natural Monuments) and Qasr Prison (Qasr Garden Museum/ Museum of the Qasr Prison). The target buildings were ranked according to the data acquired by calculating mean rank for the strategies were applied for each layer. According to the results, two characteristics were found in the industrial buildings that can highly affect the adaptive reuse of the heritage of industrial architecture, 1. the concentration of the structure at the lowest points and limited spaces with more free spaces compared to its counterparts, and 2. the adaptation of the building facade to the structure.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The physical and spatial development of Tehran city has caused the relocation of industrial buildings from sub-urban areas to enclosed dense urban places. This issue has resulted in the closure of the industrial architectural heritage despite having useful structural cycles and architectural values. Economically, this untimely destruction of industrial buildings and closing of the plant, while they could still be in their useful life cycle by repairing at a lower cost, caused unrecoverable damages to the economy of developing countries. Under the light of new urban spaces, the process of industrialization has changed the appearance, landscape, and entity of cities, as the industrial urban spaces could historically link to the past life of cities.The industrial architectural heritage, as an implication for the historical achievements of the territory in the modern age, is required to be recognized and preserved. Protecting the existing values of these lands, which are mainly considered as their contemporary heritage of them, requires a comprehensive assessment for finding their physical elements while finding a new application for them for revitalizing them. Therefore, the multi-functionality and adaptability of these spaces, before and after the renovation, should be considered, which is critical for verifying their application to adaptive reuse. In this regard, several measures have been taken in Iran with the cooperation of some institutions to promote economic and social stability and give new applications to these buildings for revitalizing these abundant spaces. These are examples of adaptability in Iran and the kind of experiences which form the foundation of this research. So, this study aims to investigate the successful universal experiences of multi-functional and adaptive architectures to compare their strategies with similar experiences in the industrial heritage of Tehran city.This research was mainly focused on the following actions: 1. Reusing the buildings that are selected for this purpose and revitalizing the abundant spaces, 2. A better selection of buildings, and improving their new function, and 3. reducing the cost of renovation and revitalizing these buildings. Thereby, the relationship between multi-functional architectural features as an independent variable and adaptive reuse of industrial buildings as a dependent variable has been studied.Methodology:An exploratory research method has been used for this study, in which the survey passed through five phases by adapting the indicators for the target society. In this research, the previous studies and experiences on adaptability in the world were applied as examples for adopting multi-functional architectural strategies, which included three physical layers of the building 'structure', 'facilities', and 'façade'. The gathering data was evaluated by applying the Delphi method to the industrial architectural heritage of Tehran city as a statistical population. To get this, the relevant graph of each layer was sketched for each target building consequently.In the graph of the structure, in addition to the load-bearing constructions, other parts with a high risk of destruction, due to the long life of the target structures, were presented, together with the graph of facilities including restrooms, kitchens, and spaces with access to vertical shafts. Finally, the part of facades presented in the graph, including non-opening and hard parts, such as bricks and masonry components that were either irreplaceable or their replacement brought the risk of destroying the adjacent parts.After accomplishing the first step of Delphi, by using diagrams and analyzing the data acquired, a questionnaire was presented to the interviewee who was experts in the field of architecture, academic professors, architecture Ph.D. researchers, and skillfully experienced architects in the relevant field; following this, the gathering data were examined for next evaluation to determine the positive and negative opinions. Then, in case of disagreements on layers, the questionnaire was presented to the experts again together with the results of 'distribution frequency', based on the dichotomous variables and rank cases, according to the previous results of Friedman's testData analysis was performed by applying the Friedman and Cochran Q tests and a theoretical-based method was applied for the sampling of the statistical population of industrial architectural heritage of Tehran and the relevant experts. The industrial architectural heritage of Tehran city in this study included: 1 Argo Factory (Argo Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre), Iranshahr Barracks (Iranian Artists Forum), Beryank Hosiery Factory (Haftchenar's Museum of Wildlife and Natural Monuments) and Qasr Prison (Qasr Garden Museum/ Museum of the Qasr Prison) which were ranked according to the mean rank calculated for each layer. Results & Discussion:According to the positive opinions of the experts, the introduced strategies for two layers of structure and facade of target buildings were reviewed and confirmed; Based on the data acquired for the structure layer, 'Argo Factory' showed the highest Degrees of Freedom (df) for spaces and for the facade layer, the 'House of Artists' had the highest average rank for facade-structure conformity. However, in the facilities layer, the adaptability between the building facade and the structure was not confirmed.According to the results, the concentration of the structure in the lowest points with more free spaces was confirmed together with the adaptation of the facade to the structure as two characteristics in industrial buildings that were noticeable in the process of adaptive reuse of target buildings.Conclusion:For industrial buildings, Degrees of Freedom (df) for spaces are highly required due to their specific function, which can provide more future functions. Specifically, regarding the two industrial plants of 'Argo Factory' and 'Beryank Hosiery Factory' more free spaces are required due to the large scale of facilities and activities, similar to 'The House of Artists' and 'Qasr Garden Museum', which are facing a larger scale of population than other their counterparts. Such indicators can be effective in architectural heritage buildings for giving new future applications to them and improving adaptive reuse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

228 - Evaluation of policies of the Islamic city council in the field of urban planning and architecture of Shiraz city from the perspective of sustainable development
Abdoljalil Sharifi mohammdali shariari Nafiseh Vaez,

10.30495/juepd.2023.1983407.1186

Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to More

Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic City Council of Shiraz in the field of urban planning and architecture from the perspective of sustainable development. The research method was descriptive-survey, using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and heads of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts) and university professors familiar with the research topic (academic experts). The sample size was calculated to be 113 individuals using Morgan's table. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The study's findings indicated that for evaluating the urban policies of the Islamic Council, the Hagoort and Gunn model (1984) consisting of 5 dimensions of issue identification, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation can be used. To measure these dimensions, 19 components related to urban policy-making were identified based on the opinions of academic and executive experts in the field of urban planning. The results showed that at a significance level of less than 0.05, the dimensions and components related to urban policy-making were significant. The results also indicated that the status of the dimensions and components of the Islamic Council's urban policies was evaluated as average. The Friedman test results for ranking the dimensions and components of policy-making showed that among the dimensions, issue identification and among the components, the delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council obtained the highest rank. The results of the one-sample t-test also indicated that the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of urban planning and architecture policies was less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council pertained to the consultation and legal supervision of the urban planning department and its affiliated units with a score of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the best performance pertained to consultation and approval of regulations and decisions in the field of architecture with a score of 0.705.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In the current climate of urban expansion and urbanization, the Islamic city councils are important civil governance institutions that are responsible for realizing the rights of citizens in the urban area. The city council as a decision-making institution for urban development is more important today than ever before. The importance of councils in the administration of affairs is so great that in the decentralization system of governments where political and administrative power has been transferred to the provincial, urban, and rural levels, councils have significant importance (Tavakliniya and Noor Mohammadi, 2012). It is said that the main purpose of forming the Islamic City Council is to rapidly advance urban development programs through the cooperation and participation of the people, therefore, in Iran, councils find an existential philosophy as one of the institutions that supervise the performance of the public sector (Pirmozen, 2008). Islamic city councils are defined as the main guide of urban activities to realize the management of the urban unit. Therefore, according to the constitution and the approved law of Islamic councils dated (1375), the main task of urban management is assigned to the Islamic councils of the city, whose representatives are elected by the people (Nowrozi Far, 1380).Therefore, because of the aforementioned contents and the lack of research that evaluates the urban policy of the Islamic City Council from the perspective of sustainable development, and because sustainable development emphasizes qualitative and human criteria more than any other criterion, Therefore, to achieve a real stable situation in cities, it is necessary to develop policies to achieve sustainable cities. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the urban policies of the Shiraz Islamic Council (as a study) from the perspective of sustainable development, so that appropriate suggestions can be made from the results of such research to promote urban development.Methodology:This research is applied research in terms of nature and purpose. The descriptive-analytical research method and the research strategy used are quantitative. In this research, an attempt is made to use the positivist method in a theoretical framework and to analyze the research problem by using survey and field methods, considering the application of quantitative problems. The statistical population of the research consists of the managers and supervisors of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts), which according to the available statistics include 138 people, as well as university professors familiar with the subject of the research (academic experts), of which 25 people were identified by the researcher. And as a result, the size of the statistical population reached 163 people. Random sampling method was used for sampling from the mentioned population and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size, and the results showed that the required sample is 113 people. Also, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which are designed and developed based on the components proposed in the research model (19 questions) and are used to collect data from the studied community after confirming validity and reliability.Results and discussion:After distributing 113 questionnaires among the members of the studied community, finally, 102 valid questionnaires (90% return rate) were obtained for analysis, and the information description of the received questionnaires showed: in terms of gender, nearly 57% (with a frequency of 58 people) of the answers The research respondents are women and about 43% (with a frequency of 44 people) of the respondents are men. Therefore, most of the research respondents are women. In terms of service history, the findings showed that 4.9% (with a frequency of 5 people) had less than 5 years, 41.1% (with a frequency of 42 people) between 5 and 10 years, 53.9% (with a frequency of 55 people ) have between 10 and 15 years of service experience. Therefore, most of the respondents have between 5 and 15 years of work experience (95%). Regarding the level of education, the results showed that 21.5% (with a frequency of 23 people) had a bachelor's degree and 78.4% (with a frequency of 80 people) had a master's degree or higher. Therefore, the absolute majority of respondents have a master's degree or higher. In terms of the type of employment, the results showed that 53.9% of the respondents have formal employment, 42% have contractual employment and the rest have contractual employment.Also, the result of the T-Tech exam indicates the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of policies in the field of urban planning and architecture at a level of less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council was related to the index of consulting and exercising legal supervision over the deputy of urban planning and its affiliated units with a value of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the index of consulting and approving regulations and approvals in the field of architecture was with a value of 3.705.Conclusion:The findings of the research showed that to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic Council of Shiraz from the perspective of sustainable development, it is possible to use the Hogwood and Gann (1984) stage model consisting of 5 dimensions of problem identification, policy formulation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It was found that 19 components were used to measure the aforementioned dimensions according to the opinion of academic and executive experts in the urban area. Also, the results showed that at a significance level of 5%, 5 dimensions and 19 components related to them cannot be rejected. The ranking of the dimensions and components also indicated that among the dimensions that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest rank is related to problem diagnosis and among the components that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest ranks were respectively related to the components of the amount of delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council of the city and attention to urban diplomacy. The final result indicates the average policy situation of Shiraz Islamic Council. In this context, their policies and performance in the field of urban planning and architecture have also been significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

229 - Assessing the Impact of Infill Architecture Development on Citizens' Social Participation in Historical Contexts (Case Study: Mohammadiyeh Historical Crossing of Qazvin)
Abbas Dah Bashi Pur Jamaleddin Soheili

       Infill architecture development with regard to development within the area and redevelopment of the area, tries to use its internal potentials (such as being historical) to use unused and worn out lands in the urban context, through More

       Infill architecture development with regard to development within the area and redevelopment of the area, tries to use its internal potentials (such as being historical) to use unused and worn out lands in the urban context, through the creation or reconstruction of spaces and improve the conditions of the urban fabric and also prevent urban creep. This issue is more important in a city like Qazvin because the population is always increasing and on the other hand, natural and artificial barriers have limited its expansion in different directions. Because the Infill architecture development takes place within the urban context and in direct connection with society, social participation, meaning the voluntary activities of individuals to enhance their social life, must be considered as a potential at all stages of development. The main purpose of this study is to express the relationship between the above two variables using the correlation research method. After library studies and field research, indicators, components, then, elements for both variables were explained and provide a conceptual model to justify their correlation and accordingly a questionnaire was developed. After distributing the questionnaire, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, its reliability was determined. Then, using SPSS method, Pearson coefficient equal to 0.830 (which indicates a high and positive correlation of variables), and a significant coefficient equal to 0.000 (which indicates a significant relationship between the two variables), was calculated. The result of this research states that the concept of infill architecture development with the aim of meeting all the needs of users and considering the available facilities, creates trust and increases people's sense of satisfaction and as a result, it expands their sense of cooperation and use of their potential abilities and increases social participation at all stages.Extended AbstractIntroduction:         Infill architecture development with regard to development within the area and redevelopment of the area, tries to use its internal potentials (such as being historical) to use unused and worn out lands in the urban context, through the creation or reconstruction of spaces with solutions such as; Create mixed uses and improve the conditions of the urban fabric, save infrastructure and also prevent urban creep. This issue is more important in a city like Qazvin because the population is always increasing and on the other hand, natural and artificial barriers have limited its expansion in different directions.Because the Infill architecture development takes place within the urban context and in direct connection with society, social participation, meaning the voluntary, conscious and creative presence and involvement of people in various activities that can be done in their local organizations, must be considered as a potential at all stages of development. It is noteworthy that during the revitalization of troubled urban contexts, historical contexts are emphasized as the manifestation of economic and social dimensions and the crystallization of urban culture and identity.The main purpose of this study is to express the relationship between the above two variables using the correlation research method. Research question is; How the concept of infill architecture development affects the increase of social participation and The research hypothesis states; It seems that the concept of infill architecture development by increasing the level of user satisfaction and improving the quality of the environment (especially neighborhoods) is effective in increasing the sense of cooperation and using the potential of individuals and increases social participation.Methodology:      After library studies, field research, qualitative review and description and analysis of data; Indicators, components, then, elements for both variables were explained and provide a conceptual model to justify their correlation and considering the House of Culture and the Library of Mohammadiyah as a case study, a questionnaire was developed and according to; The number of clients, Cochran's formula and Morgan table, 80 questionnaires were distributed and completed and then, using statistical software and correlation research method, the correlation between variables was investigated. Due to the use of the views of the statistical community and the descriptive nature of the results, we use the survey research method. The assessment tool in this research to collect information is a questionnaire that has been developed according to the elements expressed in the previous sections. The validity of the questions is of a content type. In order to analyze the data, according to the completed questionnaires and using the SPSS method (version 22), we calculated the reliability coefficients of the questionnaire, significance and correlation between variables and determined its direction. Finally, the obtained results are analyzed by inductive reasoning and the hypothesis is examined.Results and discussion:       According to calculations, the degree of reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for; The total questions of the questionnaire is 0.944, the variable of infill architecture development is 0.914 and the variable of social participation is 0.917, which indicates the appropriateness and standardization of the questionnaire and the questions asked for the variables.In order to test the hypothesis, according to the answers and using statistical software, the Pearson coefficient and the correlation between the two variables were calculated to be 0.830 that the proximity of the above digit to the number one indicates a high correlation and its positive sign indicates a direct correlation between the variables and also zero (less than 0.05) significance indicates a significant relationship between them.Infill architecture development can be according to the parameters; Promoting the culture of participation with appropriate culture building, strengthen the sense of belonging of the beneficiaries according to the identity of the place, gaining the trust of people by trying to meet the needs of the population, efforts to maintain the desired physical and biological characteristics with respect to the surrounding tissue and promote vitality with flexible design and improve the quality of the environment, increase social cohesion and participation. As in the case study, the creation of a cultural building in one of the historic neighborhoods of the city, by trying to meet the needs of users and holding group activities increases the participation of people in the place.Conclusion:     According to the most important data, the concept of infill architecture development by; Utilizing the existing environmental and human potentials, population absorption, increase the self-confidence of local people and their self-sufficiency power, promoting the culture and quality of the environment, attention to the identity and personality of the existing architecture and promoting a sense of belonging, creates trust and a sense of satisfaction and increases social participation in the whole development process.        Strategies to achieve the indicators of the mentioned variables according to the specific data; A) Infill architecture development variable: 1- Socio-economic index; Increasing social interactions, benefiting from popular participation, raising society public awareness, generate income for the residents of the neighborhood, provision of municipal services, use of abandoned buildings and spaces, increasing attention to the culture and history of the neighborhood. 2- Functional-operational index; Increasing public service, support for the city's main service areas, restoring prosperity to historical and abandoned textures, reconstruction of dilapidated buildings, increasing the quality of performance among several important buildings. 3- Physical-environmental index; Attention to the height of buildings, harmony with the surrounding tissue, reconstruction of old buildings. B) Social participation variable: 1- Social capital index; Increasing social solidarity, adherence to cultural and social commitments, welcoming personal initiatives, raising awareness and strengthen participation. 2- Index of participatory spaces; Attention to needs, improving the quality of living space, increasing sense of belonging, ability to make changes in space. 3- Index of factors affecting participation; Increasing social cohesion, improving the quality of urban life, welcoming people's ideas, providing individual and collective facilities, increasing emotional dependence, giving identity, attention to the environment. Finally, it is suggested that the participation of individuals in all stages of the development process be used by informing the society about the goals and benefits of the infill architecture development, especially in historical contexts that are prone to achieve to the development goals due to their rich identity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

230 - Investigating the Role of Socio-Cultural Sustainability Indicators in Urban Public Spaces’ Development (Case Study: Kholdebarin Park and Eram Garden Street, Shiraz)
Tahereh Nasr Maryam Emadi

Architecture is created by human beings and this architecture is influenced by human ideals and continues to affect human beings and forms part of their ideals and ideals according to the needs in life. It is certain that design with a religious approach and attention t More

Architecture is created by human beings and this architecture is influenced by human ideals and continues to affect human beings and forms part of their ideals and ideals according to the needs in life. It is certain that design with a religious approach and attention to socio-cultural sustainability, can play an important role in human well-being and lead them to a healthy and appropriate society. Therefore, in urban policy and design, it is very important to consider the purpose of the design, visual experience and behavioral patterns of users. In the present article, the concept of quality and components and criteria affecting the design of landscape architecture and cultural space and the type of their relationship with humans are discussed through the views of thinkers in the field of urban design and planning. The most important questions of this research are; what are the qualitative components of socio-cultural sustainability in urban public spaces? And what is the relationship between the qualitative components of socio-cultural sustainability and Iranian-Islamic architectural criteria? To achieve this goal, the research method of this article is a qualitative method and the components of sustainable urban development and the qualitative components of socio-cultural sustainability and Iranian-Islamic architectural criteria are identified. The results indicate that the design of urban public spaces with emphasis on socio-cultural sustainability and attention to the components of Iranian-Islamic architecture, to create a living and dynamic atmosphere and by influencing the mental thinking of individuals to create gatherings and collective memories. It achieves peace of mind and, in addition to quantitative values, also takes steps to meet quality needs, and also with proper design, provides the possibility of better spatial separation and a sense of calm and dynamism at the same time.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      Architecture is created by human beings and this architecture is influenced by human ideals and continues to affect human beings and forms part of their ideals and ideals according to the needs in life. It is certain that with a religious approach, urban landscape architecture can play an important role in the well-being of human beings and lead them to a healthy and suitable society for human life. Of course, it should be noted that the issue of Iranian-Islamic identity, which has become an important and influential issue for trustees, experts and thinkers in various fields and can play a significant role in design, is therefore very important in urban policy and design. The purpose of the design, visual experience and behavioral patterns of users should be considered.Methodology:      With this assumption and in order to recognize the relationship between criteria and sub-criteria affecting the quality of space, with humans, in the present article, the concept of quality and components and criteria affecting it and their relationship with humans, by examining and comparing the views of different thinkers The field of urban design and planning is covered. The most important questions of this research are; what are the qualitative components of socio-cultural sustainability in public spaces of cities? And what is the relationship between the qualitative components of socio-cultural sustainability and Iranian-Islamic architectural criteria? The research hypothesis can be expressed as "it seems that architectural design can increase the interest of people to attend these spaces by using the ability to respond to all segments of society." To achieve this goal, the research method of this article is a qualitative method. In the sense that more attention has been paid to its theoretical dimensions. Attempts have been made to express the research findings in such a way that they can be used in urban projects. This research is deductive and recognizes the constructive factors of sustainable urban and then compares them. Examples of cases that have been researched include walking in Eram Garden Street and Kholdebarin Park, as well as examining the categories considered in the design of the cultural center development and the qualitative components of socio-cultural sustainability and Iranian-Islamic architectural criteria.Results and discussion:       The objectives of this article are to extract the effective components in urban policy and design in order to create appropriate spaces for gathering and community of all segments of the population, in addition to paying attention to quantitative values, in order to meet quality needs. The step was taken and also with the appropriate design, it provided the possibility of better spatial separation and creating a sense of stillness and dynamism at the same time. Due to the importance and necessity of this topic, this article has been done with the aim of extracting and explaining the most important factors affecting the quality of public spaces of parks, sidewalks and cultural spaces. - Iranian-Islamic culture and architecture has taken place. By comparing the criteria of Iranian-Islamic architecture with the indicators of social sustainability, it can be inferred that people enjoy an environment whose structure meets the requirements of current patterns of behavior and the physiological comfort they need, in other words, the physiological needs of personality, society and Cultural should respond Assuming that the environment meets the requirements of current patterns of behavior and needs well, that environment is qualitatively satisfactory if it has the following values:1- Sensory values that are the result of pleasurable senses such as olfactory sensation, taste, hearing and sight.2. Form values that are related to the enjoyable structure or patterns of the environment.3- Symbolic or associative values that originate from mental images created through sensory values.How to perceive the signs and semantic factors in creating and strengthening the sense of place is the main focus of this research, which can be considered a groundbreaking achievement to improve the quality of architectural space. Sense of place In addition to making people feel comfortable in an open environment, it supports the cultural concepts that people want, the social relations of the community in a particular place, and reminds people of past experiences by achieving identity. In order to prolong and increase the quality of life flow and better interaction between space and society, space should be given the ability to adapt to changes in lifestyle and human needs, or in other words, to consider criteria in the design that make space be flexible. According to the issues raised about socio-cultural sustainability and components of Islamic-Iranian architecture, we can say that there are commonalities and similarities between these two categories. For example, in Iranian-Islamic architecture, the components of democracy, multifunctionality of space, harmony with nature, geometry, unity and multiplicity, rhythm, calmness and centralism are closely related to components of socio-cultural sustainability such as well-being and vitality, interaction between environment and consumer. , Observed symbolism in the environment, a sense of physical and mental security and beauty.Conclusion:      The results indicate that the design of urban public spaces with emphasis on socio-cultural sustainability and attention to the components of Iranian-Islamic architecture, to create a living and dynamic space and by influencing the mental thinking of individuals to create gatherings and collective memories for Achieves peace of mind and in addition to quantitative values, also takes steps to meet quality needs, and also with proper design, provides the possibility of better spatial separation and a sense of stillness and dynamism at the same time. 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Open Access Article

231 - Identification and introduction principles of green architecture in Iran to reduce energy consumption, case study of Bushehr green building
mohammad behzadpour behnaz kashanizadeh

10.30495/juepd.2022.690527

         High energy consumption and its adverse consequences are among the greatest concerns of today’s world. One of the ways of balancing energy consumption is sustainability, particularly in buildings since according to More

         High energy consumption and its adverse consequences are among the greatest concerns of today’s world. One of the ways of balancing energy consumption is sustainability, particularly in buildings since according to Iran’s annual energy records, more than one third of the country’s energy is consumed in the building sector. Today, sustainable architecture is among the most important approaches in architecture, aiming to reduce consumption of resources, preserve the natural environment, and promote health. Given that the applied aspect of this approach requires further attention in Iran, this study sought to explain the principles of sustainable architecture and outline the applied sustainable principles in Iran by examining an instance built in Bushehr. In addition, it intended to investigate how successful the project was as many of these principles have been studied and defined in different parts of the world and given that they are specified for a particular climate, they cannot be used as principles prepared and suitable for the climate of Iran. Their success can only be evaluated using software applications and through the passage of time. In this study, first, the concept and aims of sustainable architecture were explained through library research on the subject and real definition of sustainability principles. Then, the building that has been introduced as a sustainable structure in Bushehr was simulated and analyzed in DesignBuilder. The results indicated that in this project, with 235.85 kWh/m2 energy consumption, cooling required the most energy and to reduce energy consumption and move towards the principles of sustainability, principles such as proper definition of the dimensions of openings (for example, openings with medium dimensions since large dimensions do not fit warm and humid climates) and canopies (such as vertical canopies) should be used in constructing such buildings. Extended AbstractIntroduction:            The green process in architecture is an ancient process, for example, since cavemen first realized that choosing a cave facing south is much more suitable in terms of ambient temperature than a cave opening to the north. The new issue is understanding the importance of green architecture for artificial and human environments. Creating  the best process for designing buildings; In such a way that all the resources entering the building, its materials,  fuel or objects used by the residents, need to create a sustainable architecture. Keeping up with nature is a fundamental thing in traditional Iranian architecture and the principles in traditional Iranian architecture try to use energy efficiently, but today constructions in this region do not pay attention to this or by using laws defined for other climates. Are created. In recent years, many laws, regulations and assemblies have been created in this field, the most prominent of which are Leed, Breem, green globes, DGNB and many others, most of which are the foundations of sustainable buildings in general and public or Explained for other climates except Iran. In Iran, some projects have tried to create buildings called green buildings due to the prevailing conditions in terms of climate and energy consumption, but due to the lack of specific laws specific to the climate of Iran, no source for Measuring the success rate of their performance is nothing but the passage of time. With the current situation of energy consumption and its shortage in Iran, recognizing and introducing these laws will be very important. Given the issues raised, the main question of the research is what are the current laws of green and sustainable architecture in Iran , And after recognizing and studying the principles of sustainable architecture, measuring the success of projects made in Iran as sustainable architecture, because there is no rules for sustainaible architecture in Iran and this ecosystem, in view of all the cases that will change the determination of these laws according to the geographical location of the region, and on the other hand by looking at the cost and energy shortage in Iran and inconsistency The sources of existing regulations with the current conditions in Iran This issue is very important.Methodology:          This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and then by simulation with the help of Design Builder software, a case study has been researched and studied, which finally leads to the conclusion of the studies. The context of sustainability, sustainability in Iran and the goals of sustainability in the construction industry has been prepared and read to provide a basis for identifying and determining the key criteria. And then the building designed based on sustainable architecture in Iran, which is the study sample, has been studied with the help of simulator software.Results and discussion:        The building has an energy consumption of 235.85 due to its location in hot and humid climates and on the coastline. According to the above diagram, the consumption of each of the heating, cooling and electricity energies can be seen. As a result of this analysis, Find that the building in question has the highest amount of energy consumption in the field of cooling and with the help of passive and active systems this consumption should be reduced, for example, vertical canopies can be used and the amount of openings should be neither too big nor too small. Systems can minimize energy consumption in this buildingConclusion:        According to the issues raised, it can be seen that the need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in each sector is a requirement, and in the field of architecture with the help of sustainable architecture can be achieved to a very significant extent. In many developed countries, this is important with the help of pre-determined laws and in the form of specific instructions, but in Iran there are no specific laws for this. Since buildings in Iran are built with the method of sustainable architecture and principles derived from it, which also existed in traditional architecture, and with the help of design builder software, we examined one of these examples to find out the amount of energy consumption with the help of sustainable process. How much will be reduced? The results of the analysis show that the energy consumption in the building under construction for cooling is higher than heating and lighting. Thus, it seems necessary to find solutions to reduce the need for energy for cooling due to its significant effect on increasing the amount of initial energy in this study. One of the things that helps reduce the amount of cooling energy consumption is shading and shading forms, which prevented the amount of sunlight from entering during the warm seasons. Manuscript profile

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232 - The process of complexity of architectural and poetic styles from the first centuries to the end of the sixth century (Case Study: Mosque Architecture and Poetic Image( The process of complexity of poetic and architectural styles from the first centuries to the end of the sixth century
mostafa mirdar rezaei

Style means the expression of a particular vision of an artist in his own language, and therefore the vision and language of each artist or artists of a period is different from other artists. Stylistics compares the instrumental attitudes of artists in the face of thei More

Style means the expression of a particular vision of an artist in his own language, and therefore the vision and language of each artist or artists of a period is different from other artists. Stylistics compares the instrumental attitudes of artists in the face of their internal and external reflections with special components and tools that are among the possibilities of this knowledge. This study, first of all, tries to use quantitative-statistical methods to show, analyze and compare literary elements in the poems of prominent Khorasani and Azerbaijani poets who have been randomly selected from their madness. Get a statistical picture of the complexity of the images (from Khorasani to Azerbaijani style). In the second part of this research, which is written by descriptive-analytical method and using library tools, the architectural course of the mosque and the complexity of its components from Khorasani style to the end of the sixth century will be examined. The result of this study shows that "simplicity and avoidance of complexity" is the most prominent style feature in both the poetic image and the architecture of mosques in the Khorasani style. In the sixth century, we are witnessing great and wonderful developments in the field of creating images and the art of architecture. The components and geometry of the poetic images and the architectural coordinates of the mosques of this century are becoming more complex and can no longer be compared with the simplicity of the Khorasani style. Manuscript profile

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233 - Reflection on the structures of Persian poetry
alireza shabaniyan

One of the products of human art is the most hidden corners of the human mind can come and panoramic mirror of culture, thought, emotion, perception and creation of beauty to provide readership. Poetry is also regarded as one of the artefacts have historically been Zyba More

One of the products of human art is the most hidden corners of the human mind can come and panoramic mirror of culture, thought, emotion, perception and creation of beauty to provide readership. Poetry is also regarded as one of the artefacts have historically been Zybapsndan It is necessary to study and examine the structures of Persian poetry. The author of this research is aimed Shnakhtnamh short lexical and semantic structures of Persian poetry can provide.application of semantic properties and verbal imagery familiarity with the poet Altzad more than text, to describe the linguistic features of poetry also increased. Manuscript profile

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234 - Presentation of Human Resource Architecture Model (Combined Approach
Saied Mirpour Ebadollah Ahmadi Reza Zareie Mojgan Amirianzadeh

10.30495/jsm.2020.677244

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235 - Design and Implementation of Organizational Architecture in Organizations in Charge of Combating Smuggling of Goods and Currency with the Aim of Improving the Management of Organizational Networks
Abdolreza Yari Mohammadali Keramati Ahmadreza Etemadi Abdollah Kouloubandi

10.30495/jsm.2021.1923975.1443

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236 - The Role of Acoustics in Architectural Design of Medical Centers: A Review
Rozita Salehi Shahab Kariminia Mehdi Salehi

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237 - Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors on the Formation of Architectural Spaces (Case Study: Historical Residential Houses in Iran)
Reza Askarizad

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238 - New Trends in Critical Regionalism through the Lens of Tzonis and Lefaivre
Elahe Zoghi Hoseini Darab Diba Hamed Kamelnia Mostafa Mokhtabad

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239 - Phenomenology of Perception as a Qualitative Methodology to Study Contemporary Architecture
Mohammad Amin Sharifian Nayer Tahoori Iraj Etessam Hossein Zabihi

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240 - construction architecture Lightweight Iranian with indigenous materials
Mohsen vafamehr

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241 - Measuring and evaluating factors affecting the nurturing and emergence of creativity in architecture, in the view of Architects & Design Professionals
seyyed ehsan mousavi Mehrdad Javidinejad Seyyed Gholamreza Islami

10.30495/ccd.2022.690771

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242 - An Investigation of the Effect of Cultural Consumption Index on the External Façade in Residential Architecture: A case studies of the City of Tehran in Transition Period
Sahar Haj Mohamadi Vahid Ahmadi Mohsen Tabassi Seyed Moslem Seyed Alhosseini

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243 - Reading the Architectural Spatial Organization of the Houses of Mashhad during the Transition Period, Emphasizing the Concept of Privacy
Sepideh Mousavi Mohsen Tabassi Fatemeh Mehdizadeh Seraj

10.30495/ccd.2022.694488

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244 - Investigation and Evaluation of the Ecological Architecture Components from the Perspective of Designers and Special Users in Multi-Functional Buildings Case Study: Padideh Complex of Mashhad City
Hamid HamedSardar saeid Tizghalam Zonouzi Shooka Khoshbakht Bahramani

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245 - Evaluation of Architectural Engineering Curriculum to Promote Vocational Education Based on Klein Model
Majid Yazdani Alireza Rezvani Mohsen vafamehr mohamad hassan khademzade

10.30495/ccd.2022.689602

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246 - Exploring the Place of Nature Strategies in Architecture Design Process Towards Nature and Built Environment Symbiosis
Shermin Olia Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

10.30495/ccd.2022.698494

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247 - The Cognition of Iranian Traditional Architecture’s Elements in Award-Winning Projects (Case Study: Memar-Award, 2008 to 2017)
Sama Modirrousta Vida Norouz Borazjani Mahmud Rezaei

10.30495/ccd.2022.693204

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248 - Experiences in Architecture Creativity Education in Iranian Universities with an Emphasis on the Effects of Divergent and Convergent Thinking (Case Study: Faculty of Art and Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
Mohammad Ali Kazemzadeh Raef Mostafa Masoudinejad Behzad Vasigh

10.30495/ccd.2022.698498

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249 - Affection the thought and conversance at performance-oriented architecture design process
seyyed hosein ashrafi mehrdad javidinejad said Tizghalam Zonouzi

10.30495/ccd.2023.1962162.1148

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250 - Identifying The Influencing Factors Of Design Standardization In The Industrialization Of Architecture: Review And Future Directions
nastaran Esmaeili Mohsen vafamehr Hassan Rezaei ali khaki

10.30495/ccd.2023.1977703.1185

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251 - A Review of Physical and Environmental Components of Habitat Design on Mars
Atieh Dezfouli Kamal Rahbari Manesh Mohammad Mehdi Kheirikhah Jamaloddin Soheili

10.30495/ccd.2023.1976763.1182

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252 - Identification and Ranking of Concept Production Methods in Architectural Design, Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Hamed Kaedi Cholandim Hossein Kalantari Khalilabad Kourosh Momeni

10.30495/ccd.2023.1984239.1205

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253 - Investigation the Role of Green Roof and Walls in the Thermal Performance of Urban Buildings based on Sustainable Architecture (A Case Study in Mashhad-Iran)
sara atashi golestan Mahmoud Golabchi

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Open Access Article

254 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Images and the Impression Created by the Music: A Case Study of Traditional Music for the Elderly
alireza rezvani Davod Baradaran Tavakoli

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Open Access Article

255 - The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

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256 - THE ROLL OF SOIL IN ARCHITECTURE
Mohsen Vafamehr

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257 - Investigation in permanence of the concept of Chalipa(cross) in Iranian Architectural patterns
Pooya Parvin Mona Jadidi

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258 - The Effect of the Principle of Women's Privacy on The Architecture Of Iranian Houses, Based On Islamic Teachings
Hamed Hayaty Ahmad Aminpour Ramin Madani

The purpose of this research was to explain the concept of the privacy of women, based on Islamic teachings, and the implementation of the confidentiality of attributes in Aleyasin the traditional House, based on Islamic teachings. Women have specific characteristics an More

The purpose of this research was to explain the concept of the privacy of women, based on Islamic teachings, and the implementation of the confidentiality of attributes in Aleyasin the traditional House, based on Islamic teachings. Women have specific characteristics and needs, due to their specific nature. Paying attention to the woman is very important in relation to the formation of architectural spaces. Islamic teachings have a special emphasis on the principle of privacy and compliance at home. The objective manifestation of this subject is exploratory and studying in house architecture, with the definition of traditional houses. The traditional Iranian architects have considered the confidentiality, in the construction of buildings, especially houses, as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the question was raised as to how the verses and Islamic narratives emphasize the creation of the principle of privacy for women at home, and how was the principle of confidentiality and its application to the verses and Islamic traditions in the home? To answer this question, the present study focused on the Aleyasin House in Kashan, as an important case in Kashan. The research method was a descriptive-analytic, in such a way that, by examining the verses and narrations, and applying them to the confidentiality of the examples, in the architecture of Aleyasin house, we could say that the principle of confidentiality manifested itself in the building therefore, it is visual, and it has been created through hierarchy and introversion. These principles correspond to the verses of the Quran and Islamic narrations. In the past, architects have been advocating for confidentiality in the building, not only for women, but also for homeowners using these strategies. Manuscript profile

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259 - Evaluation of female components in architecture based on the Islamic view of thought
Mina Moradi Saeid Alitajer

10.22034/jwcp.2023.707873

The research was purposed to study the feminine components in architecture based on psychological approach and Islamic culture. The research universe encased all the texts related to female psychology, architecture and attitude toward women in Islamic culture. The sampl More

The research was purposed to study the feminine components in architecture based on psychological approach and Islamic culture. The research universe encased all the texts related to female psychology, architecture and attitude toward women in Islamic culture. The sample enfolded the feminine components in architecture based on psychological approach and Islamic culture. The research method was descriptive- analytic procedure. To collect data library resources and materials were refereed to. The results of the analysis indicated that the feminine components were those which were more ipsilateral with female spirits and caused more comfortabilities for women. The feminine components included contextualism, horizontalism, boundarieslessness, transparency, negation of centrality, indetermination, economics, humanitarian criterial, functionalist, decorations applying, holistic, organic design stylist, deconstructionist, applicant oriented, ergonomics, details elaboration and space complexity; while women more utilized applicant oriented, ergonomics, functionalist, flexible, organic and decorative components. The results also revealed that based on the psychological approach and Islamic culture the feminine components in architecture were coincided to Islamic feminine spirituals and characteristics; therefore, it could be concluded that by applying such components; spaces could be designed that are more compatible to women mentalities. Manuscript profile

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260 - Creative Thinking in Woman’ Architecture: A View on Psychological Base
نغمه Alizad Gohari الهام Foroozandeh

Undoubtedly one of the most important elements of designing and constructing  permanent structures, salient  and unique buildings is based on creativity. Creative thinking is one of the most complex and highest manifestations of human thought that leads to the More

Undoubtedly one of the most important elements of designing and constructing  permanent structures, salient  and unique buildings is based on creativity. Creative thinking is one of the most complex and highest manifestations of human thought that leads to the uniqe architecture buldings. Since classical architecture view includes three areas named as strength, utility and aesthetics (structure, function, form); creativity can appears in all of these three layers. For example, sometimes the architectural structure occurs as the most innovative work, such as Calatrava’s works; and sometimes form may appear as the first and most important factor, such as Gehry and Le Corbusier’s works. Also creative thinking can play a considerable role in case of function, for example sophasticated airports plans can end to complex problems optimized resolving. These three factors can be also seen in a single project. Although a  great deal of psychological studies examine and  emphasis on gender differences in general and particulary  in creativity,  this paper was written about different aspects of creativity in architecture.Finally  with regard to the psychological findings, creativity in women’s designs  was discussed and creative examples of projects which presented by women -with a focus on Zaha Hadid – were introduced.    Manuscript profile

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261 - Analysis of effective factors of organizational architecture in improving supply chain management with hierarchical analysis method (Case study: oil and gas exploitation)
Ahmadreza Hosseinzadeh محمدابراهیم پورزرندی Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi

In recent years, with the changing conditions of global markets, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in today''s turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the supply chain. The oil industry is one of the industries in which socia More

In recent years, with the changing conditions of global markets, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in today''s turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the supply chain. The oil industry is one of the industries in which social and environmental issues have been strongly emphasized. In this study, in order to improve supply chain management, we have identified the main, sub-criteria and the role of effective factors in organizational architecture, their effective interactions with each other in order to achieve research objectives. This article has been done by using the opinion of experts and using a questionnaire and hierarchical analysis method in the process of oil and gas production operation, the results show that in the main criteria, respectively, integrity, accountability , Flexibility and sub-criteria of reducing delivery time, and jointly integrated within the organization and increase / decrease production, jointly external integration and outsourcing, and then reduce costs, respectively, have the greatest impact. Among the organizational architecture options, process work, decision process, organizational structure, and then production and distribution of information have the most impact, respectively. Manuscript profile

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262 - Yazd’s literature and Art of Traditional Architecture
Mahmoud Sadegh Zade Sedigheh Ramazankhani

Lyric literature is the oldest form of poetry that singing is following your inner feelings and emotions. Features lyrical poetry, love, anger, fun, sorrow, pride and so is the main element of this kind of literary imagination. The material life of this world and its ly More

Lyric literature is the oldest form of poetry that singing is following your inner feelings and emotions. Features lyrical poetry, love, anger, fun, sorrow, pride and so is the main element of this kind of literary imagination. The material life of this world and its lyrical poet speaks. Meanwhile, one of the aspects of Iranian Identity, monuments and places to live beyond our means is a mason. One of the provinces where its historic architecture both in terms of appearance and functionality focuses inward, outward elements in Yazd province, which its monuments, its spiritual effects, such as beauty, joy, pleasure, pride, feel, experience, imagination etc. have deep ties. About the traditional architecture of the various funds published many books and articles, but less work has focused attention lyric literature in traditional structures. However, the only body makes magnificent monuments that captivates the viewer or themes that are also associated with traditional buildings and the viewer to see and feel every friends Who enjoys and that these themes are in what parts of the building manifesting itself? The journals and raw materials -style library and field collection and analytical way to examine the data presented in several historic buildings, the audience to understand most of the intangible force of monuments. Manuscript profile

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263 - Anti-authoritarian Thought from aPostmodern Perspective on Architectural Education
Arezo Zandimoheb Hosein Ardalani kimia mazhari fatemeh rafati

Postmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods More

Postmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods have been endorsed by postmodernists, this method is well-known for the creative development that is important in the teaching of architecture. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the quality of learning of architecture education by utilizing postmodern teaching methods. This method seems to be much more suitable for teaching architecture and educating designers. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method, in addition to the description of postmodern education and programming, we have analyzed and explained methods for improving the quality of architecture education. Data collection is based on documents, literature and library studies. The theoretical framework was developed based on the theory of anti—authoritarian education and postmodern education. Finally, strategies to improve this are stated. The results of the article do not seek to define the overall structure in education, but by defining multiple structures in architecture education to increase flexibility and, of course, increase the quality of architecture education. By decentralizing the rules and changing the educational topics in different provinces and climates based on different construction methods, better architectural education is achieved. self-creation is one of the main goals of architecture that can be promoted in a postmodern way, decreasing the focus on the teacher's power and focusing more on the individual ability of students in architectural studios. The role of the teacher is visible as an expert and technician, and through this, the student gains a more complete knowledge of himself and his abilities and completes the path of creativity. Manuscript profile

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264 - Evaluation of architectural principles in accordance with architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings, in order to Promoting Urban Identity (Case Study: Traditional Markets of Kerman)
Najmeh Mehrabi reza ahmadian Iraj Etesam

In the present study, the principles of architecture in accordance with the architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings were evaluated in order to promote urban identity in the traditional markets of Kerman. This research is cross-sectional in terms of explor More

In the present study, the principles of architecture in accordance with the architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings were evaluated in order to promote urban identity in the traditional markets of Kerman. This research is cross-sectional in terms of exploratory-descriptive purpose, in terms of qualitative data type, in terms of field implementation, in terms of survey method and in terms of time. The statistical population of the study includes all managers and employees of Kerman Cultural Heritage Organization as well as tourists of valuable historical buildings in Kerman, especially traditional markets. In this study, a simple random sampling method was used to select a statistical sample. 65 samples were obtained for managers and employees of the Kerman Cultural Heritage Organization and 165 samples were obtained for tourists in traditional markets of Kerman and a total of 230 samples. Findings showed that at 95% confidence level of modern structural systems and facilities, creating spatial transparency, climatic characteristics and preserving the values of the region have a significant effect on architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings in traditional markets of Kerman; But the combination of new technologies with indigenous forms does not have a significant effect on architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings in the traditional markets of Kerman. Also, the principles of matching architecture and neighboring architecture have a significant effect on urban identity. Therefore, the results show that although the use of technology and implementation of all technical, engineering and logical criteria resulting from the achievements of experimental sciences in construction, has been done well in the architecture adjacent to valuable buildings in traditional Kerman markets, but the use of architectural creativity in a variety of geometries Respect and caution in how to deal with nature, full utilization of diverse climatic conditions, valuing indigenous culture have been forgotten. Manuscript profile

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265 - Analysis of policy effects on Urbanism and architecture studied during the period 1925 to 1941
Ali Zabihi Reza Mirzaei

In the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the fa More

In the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the factors affecting architecture and urban development in the First Pahlavi period and to analyze some of the factors that have provided the ground for these evolutions, and also to examine the impacts of these changes and evolutions on contemporary Iranian architecture and urban development policymaking. The present study was a qualitative and quantitative one, which used library sources and studies in order to collect the data. Moreover, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Super Decisions software were utilized to analyze the data. The study results indicated that factors such as archeology, training architectures, artistic congresses, archeology and the Association of National Monuments, militarism, and modernism have had a significant impact on the architecture and urban development of this period; and the extent of the impact of changes on architecture and urban development has been equal. The most influential factors in architectural evolutions have been modernism and archeology of that era; and factors such as training architectures, scientific congresses, and militarism have affected urban development evolutions. Manuscript profile

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266 - Policymaking of Parametric Architecture with the Approach of Cultural Contextualism
mahlegha shahed Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Arsalan Tahmasebi

Architects and Architects and urban designers have considered parametric architecture due to its capabilities and ability to meet human needs. Parametric architecture relies on new methods, procedures, and tools in the design and form generation arena. The mentioned fea More

Architects and Architects and urban designers have considered parametric architecture due to its capabilities and ability to meet human needs. Parametric architecture relies on new methods, procedures, and tools in the design and form generation arena. The mentioned features can affect the type of communication and interaction with cultural context. Due to the fact that the architectural work must be formed in accordance with its cultural background in order to respond to human needs and also considering the capabilities of parametric architecture, it is important to propose policies in the field of parametric architecture based on cultural contextualism. This research has been carried out with the aim of policymaking of parametric architecture with the approach of cultural contextualism. This is a Basic-Developmental study that identified the considered criteria and components in the first stage through library research and relevant literature review. The Fuzzy Delphi technique was used for screening criteria in the second stage in which, the expert agreement was taken into account as the benchmark for evaluating the importance of criterias. The main purpose of criteria screening is to find valid criteria and eliminate redundant criteria from the viewpoint of experts. The results derived from the Fuzzy Delphi technique indicated that all scores confirmed the importance of criteria from the viewpoint of experts regarding the final grade point average and given threshold. Accordingly, there was an agreement on criteria evaluation, so they could not be eliminated. Since the final grade point average of all variables was confirmed, it was not required to continue the Fuzzy Delphi computations in the next rounds. Hence, the decision was made on selecting criteria in the first round. Moreover, experts agreed on the importance of criteria introducing form changes and vernacular patterns regeneration as the most important criterion rather than others. The experts introduced the mentioned criteria as the most important component by defining new rules for generating diverse patterns. Results indicated that the display of cultural themes in the frame of pattern-making through adaptation from patterns derived from vernacular patterns by defining new rules and principles has an important role in the policymaking of parametric architecture with the approach of cultural contextualism. Therefore, this point must be considered in the design. This case requires interaction between designers and experts in culture and architecture. Moreover, it is highly substantial to have access to relevant software and application in this field. Manuscript profile

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267 - Architecture School, A field of creativity development of the students
Flora Fakourian Mehdi Hamzenejad

Background: Nowadays, appropriate college design is noticed due to improve the quality of education and increase the creativity of students. Many environmental psychologists and designers believe that the physical environment of the university must be organized for diff More

Background: Nowadays, appropriate college design is noticed due to improve the quality of education and increase the creativity of students. Many environmental psychologists and designers believe that the physical environment of the university must be organized for different abilities of users so that each individual is encouraged to engage in activities and learning process.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the design and planning of architectural educational environments. To achieve this goal, comparative analysis of the affecting components on creativity in four campus is focused: science and technology, Islamic art of Tabriz, Bahonar Kerman Isfahan art.Method: The research was based on a semi-experimental method. The statistical population were the top senior students. Universities election were baces on, two traditional and modern examples also two different historical and natural categories. Were considered. Examination contains qualitative analysis. The final design of the top senior students of these universities was selected and the impact of the environments on the creativity of the projects was examined.Finding: By emphasizing the overcome of the creative needs of John. W. Santrock: (preparation, investigation, latency, persistence, insight), the generalization of young person`s behaviors has focused on different situations (child, adult, parent). In the next step, with sufficient understanding of how the behaviors are revealed, design criteria were disscusted. Finally, qualities that impact the creativity of an architect student determined as: "spatial clarity, accessibility, and obstruction", inner and outer geometry, spaces of collective interaction, new technology, and relationship with nature. They were used to analysis of stastics population.The creativity of every young student, especially in architecture, is influenced by indirect messages taken from learning environments. Where they have bring joy and freshness, will led to satisfactory feedback and the formation of creative ideas.Conclusion: renovated Campus communities in the old urban context provides a more suitable learning Environments and is more effective on the creativity of individuals. Manuscript profile

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268 - Applying the Ideality of Systematic Innovation (TRIZ) in Architectural Design
Mahsa Jabalameli Farhang Mozafar Mahmoud Karimi Vahid Ghasemi

Aim: The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using Ideality pillar of TRIZ on the performance of the design of architecture students. Method: A semi-experimental research is carried out in the form of pre-test and post-test design with a control group More

Aim: The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using Ideality pillar of TRIZ on the performance of the design of architecture students. Method: A semi-experimental research is carried out in the form of pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes the architecture students of Najafabad University. The research sample consists of 24 students in the control group and 23 students in the experiment group. The control groups’ design process has no training or new method but the teacher of the experimental group leads the students to use TRIZ Ideality pillar during their design. At the end of the semester, the design of all students was evaluated by using a performance assessment method by three teachers. a covariance test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that teaching and using Ideality enhances the design performance of students. Conclusion: According to the findings, the use of creativity techniques, especially the theory of the TRIZ that encourages both convergent and divergent thinking, is essential in the design process of architecture. Thus, teaching TRIZ is recommended throughout the student's period of study. Manuscript profile

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269 - Criticize of the relationship between architecture and social security in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Abdoulah shahriar ramin sadeginajhad Maryam mohammadzadeh

Welfare and social security, as one of the characteristics of civilized and advanced societies, is a component that has a valuable place in the macro-policies of the world today; an approach that has been less prevalent in previous regimes. According to historians and r More

Welfare and social security, as one of the characteristics of civilized and advanced societies, is a component that has a valuable place in the macro-policies of the world today; an approach that has been less prevalent in previous regimes. According to historians and researchers, and considering the text of the Shahnameh as one of the most original texts that informs us about the situation in pre-Islamic Iran, the issue of welfare and social security was given attention at the forefront of the macro policies of pre-Islamic Iranian kings from the Kianian to the Sassanids period. One of the most important tools for providing social welfare is to improve the industrial conditions of the country, which leads to the prosperity and development of the country and improvement in people's livelihood. Despite being costly, this has been taken care of because of the kings' attention to the well-being of the people and the generalization of wealth and social security. Therefore, relying on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh as a historical-literary text, this research has studied the examples of industry and the application of its types and species in order to achieve welfare and social security. The result shows that dealing with industry, which is one of the heaviest and most expensive programs in the country, has always been considered by kings in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh to provide social services as pillars of welfare and social security. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical based on interdisciplinary research. Manuscript profile

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270 - The use of thermal comfort indices in sustainable housing design (Torbat-e Heydarieh city, Iran)
Saeid Kamyabi

Architecture and Climate, both manmade and natural systems that have an influence on each other closely, bioclimatic design in harmony with the climate, the state of housing in the range of comfort is maintained. In general the factors like temperature, moisture in the More

Architecture and Climate, both manmade and natural systems that have an influence on each other closely, bioclimatic design in harmony with the climate, the state of housing in the range of comfort is maintained. In general the factors like temperature, moisture in the air and the amount of rainfall and winds in the total climate issues in different interference environment and human life was overshadowed by the limitations that these elements in architecture. In this article with the use of the charts and the methods of analysis to climate of Torbat Hydarih has been dealt with to do it Meteorology Organization statistics in a period of 51 years (from 1959to 2010) has been used. With regard to the results achieved based on climate Torbat Hydarih Domarton dry method, according to method of Ambrgeh dry and cold and according to method of coupon the climate is cold and dry. With this description in this article we have tried to study effects of climate on the vernacular architecture city of Torbat Hydarieh to present suitable solutions in the field more compatible climate and architecture in this city with regard to changing forms of materials and form elements architect in building new deal with. Manuscript profile

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271 - Investigation of thermal comfort and climate-affected architecture based on Mahani and Gioni index of Semnan city
mehdi yaghoubi

CClimate-friendly architecture can be considered the closest structural design with a resilient economy approach in which, while human comfort and convenience by replacing clean and natural energy sources, a healthy environment with a high degree of comfort, saving ener More

CClimate-friendly architecture can be considered the closest structural design with a resilient economy approach in which, while human comfort and convenience by replacing clean and natural energy sources, a healthy environment with a high degree of comfort, saving energy consumption and consequently reducing Created dependency. Also, recognizing climate design methods and updating it can bring a favorable and appropriate environment in the residential space and in accordance with comfort indicators, extract appropriate architectural solutions and present it as the principles of climate design. In this article, the comfort climate of Semnan city has been analyzed using Mahani and Giuoni methods. For this purpose, the statistics of the Meteorological Organization in an 81-year period (from 0222 to 0282) were used. The purpose of this article is to study the climatic conditions of Semnan city using Mahani thermal comfort indices, and consequently Giuoni to study appropriate solutions and proposals in the field of architecture and energy compatible with the climate. In case of implementing the architectural rules obtained from the criteria for determining thermal comfort, the duration of using mechanical heating and cooling devices inside the buildings of Semnan city will be significantly reduced and in the direction of moving towards zero energy in the urban environment of dry and cold climate. will be Manuscript profile

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272 - Historical Settlements in Shah Kouh, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan (Fire Temple, Kalate Bal Batu, and Taska Cemetery)
Mohammad Farjami Ali Asqar Mahmoodi Nasab

10.30495/peb.2023.1997013.1030

Nehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land More

Nehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land conditions, contains important and spacious settlements, which shows their importance in intra- and extra-regional interactions in historical times. Among these unique monuments, there are the remaining parts of the building known as Atashkadeh (Fire Temple) in the village of the same name, but unfortunately, only a few parts of this structure are left. According to the results of the excavation project to determine the core zone and suggest the buffer zone of the building as well as the existing architectural evidence and the current architecture in the context of the village, it is believed that this structure was founded with a cruciform pattern and four stone walls and a dome cover. The study shows that this building was built in the Sassanid period and was still standing in the early Islamic centuries as a religious place and in connection with the surrounding sites. Here, some of the nearby sites such as Kalate Bal Batu and Taska Cemetery were introduced and their surface cultural remains were also discussed and analyzed. This research aims to recognize the Fire Temple building according to the archaeological evidence and also to introduce other sites of the historical era such as Klate Bel Beto and Taska. Collecting the findings has been conducted in the field and analyzing them through Library research has been done with a historical-cultural approach and descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile

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273 - Khoorab, Damin and Shahr-i Sokhta: A Look at the Architecture of Tombs and Burial Methods
Mahdi Kaykhaee

10.30495/peb.2008.707800

During the third millennium (B.C) Shahr-i Sokhta was located between commercial courses and connected cultures and eastern ancient precincts like Baluchistan, Pakistan, and in the west, it did so to Shahdad, central Asia ancient civilization in the north and southern pr More

During the third millennium (B.C) Shahr-i Sokhta was located between commercial courses and connected cultures and eastern ancient precincts like Baluchistan, Pakistan, and in the west, it did so to Shahdad, central Asia ancient civilization in the north and southern precincts like Khoorab, Damin and Bampoor.Meanwhile, because of the strategic position of this city (Shahr-i Sokhta), which was both geographical and commercial, and its environmental conditions, many people immigrated to this country and so there appeared many social classes that were simultaneously under the obligation of the central government.They had some special regional beliefs. These factors contributed to many common things in this precinct.In this survey, we will take into account the common beliefs of these precincts in view of the architecture of tombs and burial paces.According to surveys that were done in southeast precinct cemeteries of Iran, and according to the structure and materials applied to them, we could classify these tombs into their main groups:Cavity like catacomb and mud-brick, each have different subdivisions.We could also classify their deceased burial paces:1- Bury the dead on the right side,2- Bury the dead on the left side,3- Bury it in supine form with legs bent. Manuscript profile

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274 - and HalilRoud BasinIntroduce and Explain the Quiddity of New Found Stone Architecture in the South East of Iran, Investigation of the Evidence from the Sub Montane Areas of Jiroft
Salman Anjomrouz Ali Daneshi

Some archaeological surveys were carried out in submontane areas and highlands of Jiroft; generally throughout Halilroud basin. At the surface of some sites in this area, a type of stony architecture with circular, oval and quadrilateral plans was observed. Materials us More

Some archaeological surveys were carried out in submontane areas and highlands of Jiroft; generally throughout Halilroud basin. At the surface of some sites in this area, a type of stony architecture with circular, oval and quadrilateral plans was observed. Materials used in the construction of these spaces include the bulk rock that is mortar or mud mortar; in some cases, remains of the entrance access to their internal environment can be also observed. The only similar type which has been reported from Southeast of Iran is an archaeological space found through rescue excavations in Hanzaf dam in Baft town. So far no other similar space has been reported from southeastern Iran. Based on typological comparisons of potteries discovered from the limited spaces of these architectures, the use of such architectural spaces in the fourth millennium BC is identified and probably is extended in third millennium BC. This paper attempts to precede using ethno archaeological approach to analyze and explain the quiddity of the mentioned architecture. Although scarcity of archaeological evidences can be seen as a considerable obstacle for recognizing function of mentioned architecture, provided ethnographical patterns that is provided from present nomad architectures of Jiroft structurally can help us to reconstruct some of prehistoric stony architectures. This reconstruction signifies on continuity of mentioned architecture from prehistoric period until now at Halilroud basin. Gommeh, a type of present architecture nomad in Jiroft can be seen as this continuity. Manuscript profile

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275 - Preliminary Report on the First Season Excavations at Kalantar 4 Site, Gotvand Dam Basin, Khuzestan
Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Hossein Davoudi Hamed Zifar Bahnam Ghanbari Hamzeh Karimi

The 90 kilometer lake of the Upper Gotvand Dam would submerge a large number of archeological sites in North of Khuzestan. Thus, a group of archeologists began to identify and record around the site, to know about the area before its being flooded. Kalantar 4 was one of More

The 90 kilometer lake of the Upper Gotvand Dam would submerge a large number of archeological sites in North of Khuzestan. Thus, a group of archeologists began to identify and record around the site, to know about the area before its being flooded. Kalantar 4 was one of the given sites, by the survey team, which was excavated in a horizontal way in March and April 2011. During this excavation, some remains of architecture and two semi-underground stone tombs belonging to New Elamite were found, which will have effective role in heightening our knowledge about the New Elamite in Susianna highlands. According to the comparative studies of the ceramics, there exist significant similarities among the ceramics found in Kalantar 4, Susa and the sites of Mianab Plain in Shooshtar. Furthermore, studying the architecture of the site based on an ethno-archeological approach, indicated a continuity in the region’s archeological traditions (at least, from the New Elamite period to the present).  Manuscript profile

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276 - Comparison of Language and Symbolic Expression in Pasargad Bas-Reliefs with the Type of Expression in Traditional Iranian-Islamic Architecture
Mahmood Tavousi Mahdi Haghighatbin

Pre-Islamic Iranian architecture developed in different periods, and with the advent of Islam, a huge transformation took place in it due to the orders of the new religion. Considering the importance of the Persians and their architectural style, this article first expl More

Pre-Islamic Iranian architecture developed in different periods, and with the advent of Islam, a huge transformation took place in it due to the orders of the new religion. Considering the importance of the Persians and their architectural style, this article first explains about the Achaemenids and how the empire was formed and the fall of the Persians and the historical period after this empire, and then mentions the characteristics of Pasargad and the reasons for its importance. In the next section, religion and ritual in the Achaemenid period are examined, and then, it studies the motifs and architectural details in the buildings of Pasargad and especially the palaces of Cyrus from the perspective of researchers who have researched in Pasargad. In the following, it describes the influence of Islam on traditional Iranian-Islamic art and architecture and its symbolic aspects, and finally, it compares the symbolic and religious aspects in the architecture of these two periods, especially in their details. Manuscript profile

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277 - Northwest Iran in the Achaemenid Period, in the Light of Archaeological Findings of Ghonagh Ghiran Castle
Servat Valadbeigy Mostafa Dehpahlavan Reza Rezaloo

Northwest Iran played an important role in cultural, economic, and political exchanges with the surrounding lands in the first millennium BC. Given the importance of the area, there are many uncertainties in understanding the cultural features and interactions of the re More

Northwest Iran played an important role in cultural, economic, and political exchanges with the surrounding lands in the first millennium BC. Given the importance of the area, there are many uncertainties in understanding the cultural features and interactions of the region, particularly during the Achaemenid and Parthian periods. It may contribute greatly to clarifying ambiguities through more archaeological introduction and analysis of old and new cultural findings. Ghonagh Ghiran castle is one of the rare Achaemenid sites in the Ardebil province. This castle is the largest site container painted triangle ware belonging to the Achaemenid period in the Ardabil Plain, which was not surveyed and excavated yet. This site was been surveyed with systematic sampling methods and then documentation and analysis of cultural materials. It was our aim that studies 25 percent of the cultural data of all operations of the castle surface. For as much as our main aim was to identify characteristics of painted triangle ware in this project, then potteries classification and samples selection, we studied, evaluated, and compared them with potteries of other sites both inside and outside of Iran. It has found species of Ardebil styles pottery and shards with green glaze belonged to the Seljuk period too, which it is indicate settlement continuity in this site. According to the considerable characteristics of defensive architecture, and environmental and topographic conditions of Ghonagh Ghiran Castle, undoubtedly, it has had a political and important status in the region. Manuscript profile

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278 - Investigating the Qualitative Compatibility of the Museum's Architecture with the Existing Cultural Properties in Order to Organize the Museum's Performance
Zarrin Fakhar Noura Haeri

Museums are the reflection of human thoughts and creativity, which represent their concepts through a special language i.e. real Language of items. The role of space and architecture in organizing current museums and having them released from their especial clich&eacute More

Museums are the reflection of human thoughts and creativity, which represent their concepts through a special language i.e. real Language of items. The role of space and architecture in organizing current museums and having them released from their especial cliché usage, and creating qualitative development in their scientific, educational and investigational employs much investigation in the fields like illumination, color, design, windows and their supply/maintenance units, which are obtainable by designing them through different major artistic , historic and scientific fields. Today, noticing the architecture of museums is considered as the most challengeable among plan designing in the world, because they are considered to be the fields of innovation and creativity. Consequently, in case the properties in museums compound with space and capacity architecture with a true scientific, artistic, psychological and decorational criterion. The precious cultural heritage which is the representation of culture of a society will interpret the concepts truly, and special role of the complex will be defined. We have tried, in this research, according to architectural hypotheses and paleontologist intentions, to represent a new method in organizing attractiveness in visiting museums and removing previous failures.  Manuscript profile

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279 - Military Architecture of Mannaean Period
Hossein Alizadeh Bahman Firouzmandi

In the first half of the first millennium BC, the tribes inhabited in the northwest of Iran formed the Mannaean kingdom. The main reason for the formation of Mannaean government can be said to prevent the continuous attacks of Assyrian kingdom to this area. After the fo More

In the first half of the first millennium BC, the tribes inhabited in the northwest of Iran formed the Mannaean kingdom. The main reason for the formation of Mannaean government can be said to prevent the continuous attacks of Assyrian kingdom to this area. After the formation of this state, they attempted to build defensive fortifications around main places and to establish castles in mountainous impassable area. Mannaean castles were built most often from big blocks of stones without mortar. The use of semicircle solid towers and small rectangular rooms as a towers are noticeable characteristics in Mannaean tower building. In addition, in this era, the circle shape plans were preferred so that the cities could have more defensive potentials. In this paper, it is tried to explain the characteristic and important elements of military architecture of Mannaean era. Manuscript profile

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280 - The Urban Situation and Architecture of the Historical Market of Zanjan
Mohammad Bahramzadeh Seyed Ali Asghar Mir Fattah

As one of the largest markets in Iran and the most important socio-economic center of Zanjan province and in the shape of a beating heart in the old urban context, Zanjan market has played a privileged role in organizing the livelihood and religious affairs of the local More

As one of the largest markets in Iran and the most important socio-economic center of Zanjan province and in the shape of a beating heart in the old urban context, Zanjan market has played a privileged role in organizing the livelihood and religious affairs of the local people. Although the performance of this important part of the historical context has changed sometimes due to unavoidable social reasons and sometimes due to the imprudence of the planners of different urban eras and cultural and social transformations, but still apart from the significant number of urban dwellers, a large number of residents and villages around Zanjan have also benefited from its diverse and continuous services. The building mass and existing spaces, the existence of hierarchy and spatial structure, from the main streets to the public buildings in the vicinity of the streets, including mosques, baths, water reservoirs, houses and shopping centers (Timcheh), and the function of the market from the Qajar era to today are the characteristics of this valuable national work. Further, the effects of modern urban developments are well evident in the transformation of part of the functions of the old market. In this way, Zanjan market can be considered as one of the most alive and dynamic traditional markets in the world, which has preserved its vitality and life in interaction with contemporary urban developments and modernity. Manuscript profile

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281 - Introduction and Archaeological Analysis of Seljuk and Ilkhanid Buildings in Zanjan Province
Arz Allah Najafi Seyed Ali Asghar Mir Fattah

Zanjan province has been one of the important centers of political, social and cultural developments in Iran due to its special geographical location during the Islamic era, especially during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid eras, due to many reasons, this importance is doubled. More

Zanjan province has been one of the important centers of political, social and cultural developments in Iran due to its special geographical location during the Islamic era, especially during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid eras, due to many reasons, this importance is doubled. From the Seljuk period, the remains of a number of castles and defensive fortifications along with two mosques and a mausoleum remain in Zanjan province, which makes it possible to study the evolution of the region's architecture. Further, from the Ilkhanid period, in addition to the majestic and magnificent building of the Soltanieh dome as a manifestation of the architecture of the middle ages of Islamic Iran, a tomb and the incomparable building of the Dash-Kasan temple, the remains of a large number of residential settlements and also the remains of four-story houses from the Tarem region have been identified, which shows the expansion of architectural art in the period. Ilkhani is Zanjan province. The 7th and 8th centuries AH were the prosperity period of architecture in the region. In this research, two architectural styles, Razi and Azari, have been studied on the buildings. Anyway, the results of this research indicate that during the Seljuq and Ilkhanate period, Zanjan province was one of the centers of gravity of the culture and art of Islamic Iran, especially in the architecture. Manuscript profile

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282 - A Study of the Architecture of Entrances: The Case Study of Safavids'Caravanserais in Khorasan-e Razavi
Mahdi Tatari Javad Neyestani

The entrance spaces are belonged to the main parts of every architectural construct. Entrances in caravanserais are constituted from several parts; some of them are included as: 1- High porch 2-Threshold 3- Vestibule. Entrances spaces have been built at the middle of on More

The entrance spaces are belonged to the main parts of every architectural construct. Entrances in caravanserais are constituted from several parts; some of them are included as: 1- High porch 2-Threshold 3- Vestibule. Entrances spaces have been built at the middle of one of the building fronts or along with the main Iwan with a Symmetrical design. All these have been built securely in a way that to be enforced enough to watch and control the goings and comings of the caravans and goods. The entrances spaces of the Safavid caravanserais in Khorasan often tend to south and east. The porches of such caravanserais often have been built to suggest the great glory, grandeur and beauty of the whole building, and a few of them have been built more ahead to the building. More than ninety percent of these caravanserais in the main roads especially in the road of great Khorasan have alcove. To build such numerous caravanserais has economic, religious, and many other causes. The entrances spaces in these caravanserais are generally are divided into two categories: first, simple entrances flushed with façade in a way that cannot be distinguished from far distances. Second, the entrances more ahead of building façade and are completely distinguished from the façade building. Manuscript profile

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283 - Logical Analysis of Iran's Historical Buildings in order to Read the Effective Components in the Architecture of Collective-Ritual Spaces based on the Wisdom of Art and Architecture
Rezvaneh Mansouri Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

10.30495/jaa.2023.698806

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284 - The formation and evolution of the Anatolian mosques architecture
Taymour Akbari

10.30495/jaa.2024.2003329.1023

In the 5th AH / 11th AD century, the Seljuk government was formed in Iran, and over time, they were able to defeat the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and the Eastern Roman empire in Anatolia. Before the 5th AH / 11th AD, the Anatolian region was under the domination of the More

In the 5th AH / 11th AD century, the Seljuk government was formed in Iran, and over time, they were able to defeat the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and the Eastern Roman empire in Anatolia. Before the 5th AH / 11th AD, the Anatolian region was under the domination of the Christian Romans and the churches were considered the religious architecture in this region. The purpose of this research is to investigate the evolution of Seljuks of Rum and Ottoman mosque architecture and the influencing factors in the formation of mosque architecture in the Anatolian region, which was carried out by field, library and descriptive, adaptive and analytical approaches. The results show that the architecture of early Islamic mosques , Roman architecture and Seljuks of Iran played a significant role in the formation of Seljuk architecture in Anatolia , and local architecture played an important role in the formation and evolution of Anatolian mosque architecture Manuscript profile

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285 - The Holy Shrine of Imamzadeh Qasim and Zayd in Azna, Lorestan, Iran
Najmeh Nouri Ahmad Salehi Kakhki

10.30495/jaa.2022.694799

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286 - Application of Artificial Intelligence Elements on Computer Architecture
mosa hajipoor

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287 - Investigating the structure and challenges of the Internet of Things
Zhila Mohamadian Seyed Hossein HosseiniNazhad

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288 - An review of the impact of modern architectural factors on Mainframes and Blockchain
mojtaba abbaspour

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289 - An analytical model for estimating the reliability of critical software systems by considering the self-healing property of bottleneck components
Ali Tarinejad Habib Izadkhah Mohammad Reza MollaHosieni Kamal Mirzaie

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290 - Interpretation of Quality and Dimensions of Intertextual Relations in Contemporary Public Constructions in Uzbekistan with Architectural Works in this Country at Timurid Era (Since 1960-1990)’
leila zamaniaghaiee Hossein Soltanzadeh

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291 - Application of Geographical Location Differences of the Sun- Path Diagram in Climatic Architecture
Hossein Inanlou Sara Ataee

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292 - Spatial-Social Place attachment: Impact of Spatial-Social Co-existence on Place Attachment in Sociable Places of Architectural Schools Setting; Case Studies: TABRIZ, Iran
Amir Sarabi Bakhtiar Bahrami

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293 - Analyzing the Intellectual Evolutions of Architectural Design during the Pahlavi Era
Samaneh Soltanzadeh Masoud Yousefi Tazakor Iman Raeisi Mostafa Kiani

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294 - Investigation of the Ability to Redefine the Components of Popular Architecture Facades in Contemporary Architecture from Semiotics Point of View (Case study: Poonak Zone of Qazvin)
Mandana Yousefi Simon Ayvazian Iman Raeisi Jamaleddin Soheili Kamal Rahbarimanesh

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295 - Explanation of the Qualitative Values in a Space with a view on the Capabilities of Vernacular Architecture: Case Study: Context-Based Architectural Schools
akramolsadat kheyrossadat

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296 - An Educational model of Creativity Enhancement in Design Studios Using Prior Researches
Behnam Kalantari Abdolmajid Nourtaghani Mohammad Farrokhzad

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297 - Historical and Cultural Backgrounds of André Godard's Research Activities in Iran
Hossein Soltanzadeh

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298 - The Genealogy of the Relationship between Human and Nature in the Iranian Contemporary Architecture, based on Foucault's idea (Case Study: Pahlavi Period)
Kianoush Faraji Qader Bayzidi

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299 - Architectural concepts and ideas in the designs and buildings of Andre Godard in Iran
Hossein Soltanzadeh

10.22094/soij.2022.1941431.1445

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300 - Identification of Components Affecting Synomorphy and Utilization of it in Planning Educational Spaces (Case: Faculties of Art and Architecture of Tehran)
Shima Feli Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

10.22094/soij.2020.680517

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301 - The Identification of the Elements Effective on the Resilient Design of emergency evacuation ways against Fire
Vahid Bahrami Iraj Etessam Azadeh Shahcheraghi

10.22094/soij.2021.1884911.1313

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302 - Reflection of Economic Developments on the System of Livelihood and Spatial Activity of Rural Housing
Zahra Beygom Taghavi Kamal Rahbarimanesh Maryam Armaghan

10.22094/soij.2021.1912334.1375

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303 - Diary of an Architect, a Pheno-pragmatical Tool in Education
Homan Khajeh pour Shahab Kariminia Mahmoud Reza Saghafi Marziyeh Piravi Vanak

10.22094/soij.2021.1909686.1371

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304 - Developing a grounded-based model of environmental vitality in malls of Tehran City
Maryam Sanatgar Kakhaki Manouchehr Foroutan Mohammadmehdi Soroush Sara Jalalian

10.22094/soij.2023.1981064.1538

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305 - Explaining the Pattern of Identifying Urban Brands in the Direction of Developing Culture-based Tourism )Case study: Tabriz City)
Asghar Molaei Kasra Ketabollahi

10.22094/soij.2023.1997334.1575

Urban branding is an important topic in the fields of urban planning; architectural signs; natural and geographical factors; events and occurrences; It is considered mass media. Considering the importance of this issue in urban identity building, tourism, and urban econ More

Urban branding is an important topic in the fields of urban planning; architectural signs; natural and geographical factors; events and occurrences; It is considered mass media. Considering the importance of this issue in urban identity building, tourism, and urban economy, the current research aims to investigate important options at the level of Tabriz metropolis based on the criteria identified in this area and to specify the brand for one of the most important cities in northwest Iran.Therefore, using the snowball sampling method, 50 experts were identified in this field and the eleven criteria of the research included "Historical Landscape, Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape, Symbolic Landscape, Narrative Landscape, and Common Memories, Facilities and Services, Access, Economic Affordability, significance, personality and reputation, readability" based on 3 components "identity, function, distinction" were asked for 15 important elements of Tabriz in a qualitative rating scale of seven FUZZY degrees.By using the method of positive and negative preference, the aforementioned criteria, people's opinions were entered into the MsExcel software, and by calculating the steps of the FUZZY TOPSIS method, they were visualized graphically in the ArcMap software, and finally, the historical market of Tabriz, Eynali Collection and Eel Goli Park was assigned the first to third options in the branding of the city. Manuscript profile

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306 - The Effect of Integrated Teaching of Architectural Foundation Courses on the Creativity and Educational Motivation of novice Learners
Babak Motiei

10.22094/soij.2023.1994094.1567

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307 - Intertextual Relationships in the Contemporary Architecture of Iran During 1961-1977
Maziar Ghaseminia Hossein Soltanzadeh

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308 - Evaluating the Quality of Optimal Privacy in the Study Spaces of Libraries and its Impact On the Satisfaction Rates of Consulting Individuals (Case Study : Public Library of Qazvin)
Jamaleddin Soheili Maryam Marandi

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309 - Optimization of Proportions of Central Courtyard based on Comfort Standards in the Traditional Qajar Period Houses in Boushehr
Seyed Reza Shahmortezaei Jaleh Sabernejad

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310 - The Role of Nationalist leaders in the Emergence of National Architectural Movements in Iran, 1924 to 1942
Jamaleddin Soheili Soheili

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311 - Study of Utilizing the Ecological Contents in Curriculum of Architecture
Hossein Medi

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312 - A Reflection on the Memorable Concept and its Constructive Factors on Architecture Schools
Akramolsadat Kheyrossadat Seyd Mohammad Hosein Ayatollahi Marziye Tabaeian Marziyeh Piravi Vanak Maryam Ghasemi sichani

In order to illustrate the introduction of identifying identity factors in the context and architecture of a new angle, in this paper, the "grounded theory ", which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been used. To prove the effectiveness of this method, the More

In order to illustrate the introduction of identifying identity factors in the context and architecture of a new angle, in this paper, the "grounded theory ", which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been used. To prove the effectiveness of this method, the Yazd school of architecture was selected as a case study to explain the step-by-step explanation of the implementation stages of this research. Participants in this study were composed of 20 graduated architects from the Yazd school of architecture, who were selected using a snowball method ". Data analysis was carried out based on three methods of coding: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The categorization of concepts, and the discovery of relationships between components and the emergence of dimensions took place. Finally, according to Strauss and Corbin, qualitative research validation methods were applied in this study. The findings of this research were organized in the final stage in the paradigmatic model as follows: 1.Casual Variables. 2. Context variables. 3. Intervening variables 4. Core Category or Phenomenon 5. Strategies. 6.Consequences. The results of this study suggest that by aligning the goals of academic education with the implementation of the architecture on the one hand and recognizing the values of the identity of the evaluator to the location, on the other hand, it is possible to integrate correctly the hidden and discovered capabilities of the educational body in order to educate the territorial architect it was the most important consequence of this study. Manuscript profile

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313 - Iranian immigrants to India on the trappings of office-holders effects of Mughal era architecture
احمدرضا بهنیافر

The gradual migration of Iranians to India, their primary influence in the court of local rulers and political power of the middle decades of the eighth century began to shelf-life of the Mughal Empire led to the thirteenth century AD in the state. Nevertheless, the inf More

The gradual migration of Iranians to India, their primary influence in the court of local rulers and political power of the middle decades of the eighth century began to shelf-life of the Mughal Empire led to the thirteenth century AD in the state. Nevertheless, the influence of the position of Iranian immigrants owners of the Indian subcontinent, change civilization in the country, especially in the mining has not been open architecture. The problem faced is the scientific study of poverty. This article seeks to answer the question that the reign of Akbar and his successor Jahangir according to N‌Kh of revivalism, art Hindi and return to the Hindu architecture, office holders Iranian immigrant to this country, in the area of the Mughal era architecture Nmvdh‌And role and what results have been brought? At first glance it seems that they have been able to transfer the trappings of Persian architecture - Islamic Mughal governmental innovations in this field are also important. Provide a realistic picture of the impact of the active presence of Iranian businessmen position in the evolution of familiar examples and symbols of architecture and architectural Indians index, the main purpose is research Manuscript profile

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314 - Analysis of the functions, concepts, structure and ornamentation of the Khosrogerd minaret of Sabzevar, 6th century AH
lotfolah kargariarian mohamad khazaei ahmad salehi kakhki

Minaret in Islamic architecture has almost a lifetime in the history of Islam Considering the rulers, this architectural element has become one of the hallmarks of Islamic power, with its various functions appearing in various forms throughout the Islamic world In the S More

Minaret in Islamic architecture has almost a lifetime in the history of Islam Considering the rulers, this architectural element has become one of the hallmarks of Islamic power, with its various functions appearing in various forms throughout the Islamic world In the Seljuk period, minarets were used for use such as the path finding mill and memorial of the victory During this period, the minarets with many ornamentation and various inscriptions had played the role of expressing of the concepts desired by their creators.This article aims to achieve a cognition of Khasrogerd minaret in Sabzevar during the Seljuk period and seeks to identify its function and its implications in its recognition In this path, it has also been paid to the nature of this virtu and the research is resulted to the conclusion that The Khosrogerd minaret was an independent minaret, commissioned by Abolqhasem Ali ebn Saeid, the governor of Sultan Sanjar, in the year 505 AH on the way to Nasabur. This minaret is constructed with two inscription strips on the Kofi line with a lacquered bricks style With the themes of the command of construction and verse of the Qur'an,Simultaneously, with the help of travelers, by resorting to possibility of orienting its structure with passers-by, it is based on the power located in the region, the religion based on the place and the city limits.Also, by choosing the 11th verse of the Sura Juma, fillip a religion-driven flip to the lovers of the zar roads. Manuscript profile

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315 - Mosque-building in Teheran during the Qajar period
zamzam sadat razavi mohamad baghestani mohammad nabi salim

Mosque is the most outstanding religious building in Islam and although its most important function is worshiping God, it becomes bold in the field of art and its building is an honor for political systems. In Qajar era, constructions of mosques had two forms: restorati More

Mosque is the most outstanding religious building in Islam and although its most important function is worshiping God, it becomes bold in the field of art and its building is an honor for political systems. In Qajar era, constructions of mosques had two forms: restoration of Grand mosques & constructions of modern, multi-functional mosques, especially in Tehran. This procedure was influenced by Iran’s entry into the stage of modernity and therefore intrigued in architecture, decorations and mosques’ functions. This research based on theoretical studies not only mentions the procedure of building mosques in Qajar era of Tehran, but also tries to study effective terms and conditions in building mosques and its subsequent development. The consequences of this study indicate that in Qajar era, while Safavid art was following, appropriate styles to transition period were used in the construction of religious buildings, especially mosques.In the section of religious places, mosques are the most important ones, so because of the growth of spirituality, tendency for religious demonstrations and services, urban development, Tehran expansion and also art and honesty that were supported by kings and nobles, some mosques were built for ritual-educational functions and integrated arrays. Manuscript profile

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316 - Recognition of contemporary Iranian architecture based on the aesthetic dimensions of Qajar historical buildings (Case study: Decorations of late Qajar royal palaces in the capital)
Fariba Amini Ghasem Motalebi Samaneh Dabaghchi

Persian art during the Qajar period had a significant development due to the connection of this period with the West and many artists traveled to Europe and Western countries during this period. Is raised. In this regard, decoration is the most important element that ha More

Persian art during the Qajar period had a significant development due to the connection of this period with the West and many artists traveled to Europe and Western countries during this period. Is raised. In this regard, decoration is the most important element that has played a significant role in various Iranian arts. Architectural decorations that express themselves in different ways in facades, entrances and interiors, express their identity and value in the path of aesthetic evolution. Decorations cannot be separated from architecture, but far more architectural symbols, social identities, and cultural values can be derived from them than architecture. Therefore, considering the importance of buildings with the function of a palace in the capital, what has been addressed in this research is the study of the aesthetics of decoration in the architecture of late Qajar palaces. This study wants to use the method of content analysis of Qajar historical texts (late Qajar), in other words, thematic and structural analysis of the architecture of this period, to address the question of whether the aesthetics of late Qajar art is based on the principle of decoration or not? What are the factors behind the aesthetics of decoration in Qajar art? This research will have a clear representation of the role of decoration in the architecture of Qajar royal palaces. Manuscript profile

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317 - Analytical historical analysis of the effect of physical components, on the Sense of belonging to Safavid mosques from the view of the worshipers (Case study of the mosques of Imam Khomeini, Sheikh Lotfollah, Hakim and Agha Noor in Isfahan )
Mahdieh Ahmadi Hero Farkisch Vahid Ahmadi Ahmad Mirza Kouchak Khoshnevis

One of the most brilliant periods of Iranian architecture after Islam is the Safavid period.But perhaps its architectural history is less known compared to Seljuk, Ilkhanid, Timurid periods.As we know,the most meaningful building in an Islamic city is the "mosque."The p More

One of the most brilliant periods of Iranian architecture after Islam is the Safavid period.But perhaps its architectural history is less known compared to Seljuk, Ilkhanid, Timurid periods.As we know,the most meaningful building in an Islamic city is the "mosque."The present study seeks to answer the question,"What is the connection between our sense of belonging&physical components of Safavid mosques through our historical-analytical analysis?"The purpose of this study is to identify&explain physical components in architectural design of Safavid mosques by conducting library&field studies&by using heuristic mixed method,and to measure effect of physical components on level of belongingness of individuals to mosques. After a deep historical-analytical analysis, resulting to identification of components of physical system of Safavid mosques&their approval by73full professors or associate professors of universities in field of Islamic architecture, these physical components are classified into5categories of"physical,spatial organization,light direction,geometrical hierarchy or order. Afterwards,the most effective criteria for increasing sense of belonging were extracted.Two models of the questionnaire were created&answers were analyzed according to Likert scale&by using structural equation modeling.The relationships between variables&their impact on mosques of Imam Khomeini,Sheikh Lotfollah,Hakim&AghaNoor were studied considering their similarities at different levels.Findings show a significant relationship between components of physical system with degree of belongingness of the worshipers where role of physical component is more important than other components.The existence of these components altogether creates a sense of belongingness to that mosque;and finally,if in the newly built mosques, components of physical system are defined properly&in harmony with each other,the sense of belongingness will increase within worshipers. Manuscript profile

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318 - The performance of Shia Iranian immigrants to the Bahmani court of the Deccan (with an emphasis on the artistic and literary role)
nasrin asgari mahmood seyyed fayyaz zahed

10.30495/hstr.2023.1975438.1813

The land of Deccan in South India has attracted the attention of many Muslims since the first centuries of the rise and spread of Islam, and groups of Muslim merchants and Sufis entered this region for the purpose of trade and also to propagate Islam. The migration of t More

The land of Deccan in South India has attracted the attention of many Muslims since the first centuries of the rise and spread of Islam, and groups of Muslim merchants and Sufis entered this region for the purpose of trade and also to propagate Islam. The migration of these people had many consequences in the fields of literature, art and religion in Deccan.The present research aims to answer the question of what were the causes and factors of the migration of Iranian Shiites to the Deccan region (Bahmanian rule) in this period, and the literary and artistic effects of this, using the historical research method which is based on description and analysis. Check immigration?The findings of the present research show that the roots of the Shia religion, which was established during the Bahmani period, and their support for Shia immigrants who migrated from Iran and Arab lands to the Deccan led to the spread of the Shia religion, the spread of Iranian-Islamic culture and civilization in Daccan. One of the most important results of their presence as cultural missionaries was by creating educational institutions and using the presence of scholars to create a suitable environment for literary support. Valuable works that were written in this period brought the Persian language to its peak. Manuscript profile

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319 - Investigating the role of political factors in the evolution of the decorative arts of the Timurid era (with an emphasis on the art of book design and architecture)
masumeh sadat nazm Omid Sephri Rad rajabali vosoghi motlagh

10.30495/hstr.2023.1990954.1863

Politics has always had a great impact on the evolution and diversity of the arts of a civilization. Timurid historical period is one of the glorious cultural periods. Knowing the place of art and getting help from artists, the Timurid rulers, in addition to consolidati More

Politics has always had a great impact on the evolution and diversity of the arts of a civilization. Timurid historical period is one of the glorious cultural periods. Knowing the place of art and getting help from artists, the Timurid rulers, in addition to consolidating and showing greatness of their political power, also provided the causes of artistic splendor. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the influence and role of political factors in the evolution of decorative arts of the Timurid era. The research has been done in a descriptive and analytical way and gathering information through library art historical sources. And by posing the question that; Which political factors played an important role in the transformation of the decorative arts of the Timurid era and the transformation occurred in which decorative arts was it more? It examines the role of political factors in the evolution of the decorative arts of the Timurid era. Among the results obtained are the grandeur and splendor of the court, confronting rivals, through political propaganda, the formation of scientific and artistic workshops by the ministers of relations with neighboring governments (China), the presence of artists in art centers and pointed out that on the one hand, it brings the rulers to their political goals, and on the other hand, it has caused the creativity of artists to evolve and transform the artistic style in motifs, through the formation of art schools in the decorative arts of book design and architecture. Manuscript profile

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320 - Restudy of diaries in order to study bath's architecture in Iran history
mohsen tabasi

Diaries are the most important documents about Iranian history that their translation and analysis can help us to understand more about our history. Also we know that remain only a few remains of historic baths; because this type of architecture is very weak against da More

Diaries are the most important documents about Iranian history that their translation and analysis can help us to understand more about our history. Also we know that remain only a few remains of historic baths; because this type of architecture is very weak against damages and demolitions. For this reason, all diaries' writings about baths can find special importance. This paper reviews some of the most famous and important diaries with the analytic and comparative methods to find more about baths' architecture and leave the anthropological aspects. The results show that all reviewed diaries pointed 281 times to different aspects of baths' architecture. Naser-al Din Shah's diary with 34 times, Jakob Eduard Polak's diary with 26 and Gaspard Drouville's diary with 24 times have some important information about baths' architecture. Manuscript profile

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321 - Study of style and method of Achaemenid period's architecture
mahmoud seyed mahnaz babaee

In Achaemenid period, a special style of architecture evolved, in which traditions and customs of different nations settling in Achaemenid country came into view. One of the earliest monuments of Achaemenid architecture is Cyrus palace which was built at the first domic More

In Achaemenid period, a special style of architecture evolved, in which traditions and customs of different nations settling in Achaemenid country came into view. One of the earliest monuments of Achaemenid architecture is Cyrus palace which was built at the first domicile of the government at Pasargadae and involved a number of buildings among a garden surrounded by walls. The art of Achaemenid kingdom in 6th to 4th B.C is divided into two categories: first is the art of Persian kings, which best represented in Pasargadae; the other is the art of kings after Darius. Although, in architecture and decorative designs of Pasargadae, Cyrus attempted to integrate different elements from the conquered territories in its artistic design, but in Persepolis, one more step was taken where Achaemenid kings created a unique court style by combining artistic elements from Egypt, Babylonia, Ilam, Lullubi, Medus, Urartu, and Ionia/Ludia. The innovation brought by Darius persisted until the end of Achaemenid reign. This new style was not only reached its peak in architecture of Persepolis, but also was applied in architecture of kings' buildings in Susa, Ecbatana and Babylonia. In fact, Achaemenid architecture is an art integrated from architecture styles of Babylonia, Assur, Urartu, Lullubi (rocky architecture), Greek, Egypt, minor Asia nation- states… which by showing artistic skills and Iranian innovation has created an independent kind of architecture. By building this huge buildings they wanted to show the greatness of their kingdom to the world. In this research it is attempted as much as possible to deal with all aspects of Achaemenid period's architecture and using other tribes' art in it. This article is mostly about the architectures of Pasargadae, Persepolis and Susa. In this direction, an overview of this period's architecture is presented. At the end, we presume that although the architecture art of this period has been an integration of the art of tribes and neighboring countries, however, the spirit and manifestation of Iranian art in this period's architecture is remarkable and undeniable. In other words, its Iranian aspect is more prominent than its other foreign manifestations.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

322 - An Improved Real-Time Noise Removal Method in Video StreamBased on Pipe-and-Filter Architecture
Vahid Fazel Asl Babak Karasfi Behrooz Masoumi Mohamadreza Keyvanpor

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Open Access Article

323 - Exploring the VLIW Architecture Space for Network Applications
Mostafa E. Salehi Ali Torabi Abolfazl Salarian

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Open Access Article

324 - Analysis the Impact of Organizational Architecture and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Learning Capacity (Case Study: Social Security Organizations of West Azerbaijan Province)
Aofat Mojarad Almanabad Masoud Ghahremani

Organizational learning is a dynamic process that enables organizations to adapt quickly with change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational architecture and transformational leadership on organizational learning capacity in Social Sec More

Organizational learning is a dynamic process that enables organizations to adapt quickly with change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational architecture and transformational leadership on organizational learning capacity in Social Security Organizations of West Azerbaijan Province. The research method is descriptive-correlational and it is a practical purpose. The statistical population of the present study consists of all managers and employees employed in Social Security Organizations of West Azerbaijan province and 550 people. Morgan's table was used to select the number of samples and 225 people were selected by statistical stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was Ahmadian's standard organizational architecture questionnaire (1393) based on the Zuckman model and reliability of 0.89, Transformation Leadership Questionnaire (Mokhtari, 1395) based on the Bass Leadership Model and reliability of 0.85, and finally Isadpanah's Organizational Learning Questionnaire (1394) based on the model Neife and reliability of 0.82. To analyze and analyze the collected data, linear regression and variance analysis have been used. The results of the research show that organizational architecture and transformational leadership along with each of its components have a significant effect on organizational learning capacity in social security organizations of West Azerbaijan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

325 - Administration System Architecture in the Light of General Public Policies
faraj allah rahnavard

Public policies on administrative system are principled guidelines to actions taken by triple branches of the state, non-governmental agencies, and army forces. Administrative system is a set of interacting components (Structure, function, and governing values) forming More

Public policies on administrative system are principled guidelines to actions taken by triple branches of the state, non-governmental agencies, and army forces. Administrative system is a set of interacting components (Structure, function, and governing values) forming an integrated whole to achieve political, economic, and social goals. General Public policies on administration system are useful tools to problems of governmental administration which are formulated and issued recently by the Supreme Leader of The Islamic Revolution inIran. To implement general public policies in the administration system, it is necessary to adopt strategies for reforming and modernizing administrative system, in relation to 2025 Iran Vision. Hence, it is necessary to recognize the dominant paradigm which is underlining the general public policies in administration system. This Paradigm can direct decision makers towards reforming administrative system. This article addresses the aligning reform plans and general public policies in the administration system.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

326 - Designing Grounded Model of Enterprise Architecture Based on Information Technology Governance
Rohollah Dadashniya kasmani Jalal Haghighat Monfared Sayyid Gholam Hassan Tabatabaee

The enterprise architecture with a general and comprehensive description of the Information Technology (IT) functions in the organization, attempts to reduce the complexity of using this technology and increase the efficiency that meet to the requirements and achievemen More

The enterprise architecture with a general and comprehensive description of the Information Technology (IT) functions in the organization, attempts to reduce the complexity of using this technology and increase the efficiency that meet to the requirements and achievement of organizational goals. On the other hand, IT governance includes all effective efforts to direct and control the use of information technology in the organization. The existence of different frameworks of enterprise architecture, standards and their patterns with different approaches in the field of enterprise architecture and IT governance led to researcher to use comprehensive and compatible approach for the ETKA organization, Develop a paradigmatic model of enterprise Architecture model based on information technology governance using Grounded theory method. Data collection was done through observation and documenting techniques as well as unstructured and semi-structured interviews with 14 experts in IT governance and management. Data analysis in three stages of coding by Strauss and Corbin method using MAXQDA software resulted in 780 concepts and 48 subcategories. After selecting the core category and its regular relationship with other categories in axes comprising of causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences as well. Therefore, the paradigm model of the research is developed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

327 - Explaining the component of ecological design in the ecosystem architecture of multi-purpose buildings in Mashhad (Case study: Padide Shandiz)
HAMID Hamed Sardar Saeid Tizghalam Zonouzi Shooka Khoshbakht Bahramani

The science of architecture seeks to discover the category of the environment in various buildings and help to harmonize them with their surroundings. This theme is derived from sustainable development in architecture and their pursuit. One of the new methods, which is More

The science of architecture seeks to discover the category of the environment in various buildings and help to harmonize them with their surroundings. This theme is derived from sustainable development in architecture and their pursuit. One of the new methods, which is based on the idea of minimal impact on the environment and the least use of finite energy resources and seeks a new friendship between man and nature, is ecological design, which is familiarity with its design rules for builders based on this approach is essential. Is. Rules of ecological design in the design stage can be associated with architecture and associated in the form of design in different buildings. Multifunctional buildings as a project stimulating functional development affect all dimensions of a neighborhood or area. This research aims to extract and verify the components of ecological design from the language of space users thinkers and researchers, which uses all three tools to collect data. It is a nested application that combines data collection tools in a qualitative approach and is verified and evaluated in a quantitative approach. First, concepts are extracted and categorized through theoretical foundations. Then the research question is extracted and categorized according to the concepts and definitions are taken from the theoretical foundations. Then, the research question by the concepts and definitions derived from theoretical foundations is increased to 7 questions for a semi-open interview. According to the main theme of the article, he visits the multi-functional complex of Mashhad. Data reduction is done in both cases. Has expertise in this field). The results are compared between the two groups using Originpro software. The results show that from the point of view of space users, the most important factor is the components of respect for people, creating volumes with long-term value and design from details to template with the value (1,000) and the least related to paying attention to site values in design with value. (0.211). In the group of participatory observers, the highest factor share is related to harmony with natural ecosystems, functional independence of design, and attention to site values in design with a value of (1,000), and the lowest factor share is related to equality of human rights and nature with value (0.221). Is. According to the results obtained in the findings section, it was found that the results of inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were different from each other, and to apply the results, inferential statistics should be considered. Users pointed to the components of ecological design. In participatory observers, even in the components with the lowest correlation coefficient, its rate is close to 0.5, which indicates a high correlation rate between the components in their responses. This is not true in factor contribution and regression, and in general, the averages obtained for the two groups are close to each other. In the user group, attention to physical aspects and attention to people and the needs of different groups in space as a flexible element over time It has been an ecosystem architecture, but in the group of participatory observers, attention to climate and space has been given priority over other components in the Shandiz multifunctional complex.After reviewing the results of the responses of two groups of observers who have more expertise and users who have less expertise, it is observed that there is little communication between them and due to a lack of understanding of the concept of ecosystem architecture and ecological design, the results obtained from them can not be trusted. It is better to use the results of participatory observers for design and development-stimulating projects. Also, due to the existence of two groups of the population, the results are more accurate and valid. The principles of ecological design and attention to ecosystem architecture with the use of various components have been considered for many years in the process of designing and implementing different types of buildings with uses, educational, residential, commercial, cultural, etc. in developed countries. Their multifunctional buildings have been less studied as a contemporary product in this country. Ecological design can improve the quality of the building in terms of environment, refine and verify the components of ecological design compared to Shandiz's multifunctional building by preserving various ecosystems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

328 - A Search for Aspects of Concept of Rhythm and Their Manifestation in Architecture (Case study: Tazkieh (2) Girls' Educational Complex)
Zahra Azami Hamid Nadimi Shadi Azizi

Rhythm generally is the repetition of patterns regularly occurring in the phenomena and processes. This concept is understood well in music. The regular succession, tempo, repetition, and harmony are the familiar words that have always been heard. However, rhythm is bey More

Rhythm generally is the repetition of patterns regularly occurring in the phenomena and processes. This concept is understood well in music. The regular succession, tempo, repetition, and harmony are the familiar words that have always been heard. However, rhythm is beyond its audio or visual representations, and it has been studied in philosophy, art, sociology, psychology, human and urban geography, urban design, and architecture, showing its polymorphic nature. Explaining a cohesive framework of the aspects that implies the rhythm and provides new interpretations of rhythm are the focus of the current study. Therefore, the present research aims to answer the following questions: A) What are the aspects of rhythm? and B) How are they manifested in the architecture?In reviewing the literature, a chronological view has been adopted to determine the change in the concept of rhythm by experts in various scientific fields until the beginning of a new era of scientific research by Henry Lefebvre. Among the many experts who have conducted researched on the concept of rhythm and its characteristics, the views of four scholars were selected for formulating the theoretical framework. Those experts include Henry Lefebvre, Irwin Altman, Carol M.Werner, and Mattias Kärrholm. The reason for selecting these experts was that they had an interdisciplinary view in studying rhythm and also their fields of studies are related to architecture, culture and build environment. The aspects of rhythm were extracted and classified from these experts’ opinions.The research method was qualitative based on the logical reasoning approach. Data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with various school users. The research participants were ten permanent staff of the school (as the representative of the different groups of the school users) selected using the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. These participants were: manager, human resource manager, staff of the human resource, manager of the cultural affairs, the executive deputy and support, library manager, the authority of the twelfth grade, photography teacher, service sector staff, eleventh-grade student. Analyzing the text of the interviews was done in three steps of Strauss and Corbin’s systematic coding process (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) using Maxquda 2020, a qualitative statistical analysis software, to extract the activities and repetitive events of the users in the school.Results showed that intrinsic feature of rhythm is spiraling movement, manifested in the form of aspects of succession (accepting change over time), duration (continuation in time), speed (slow and fast), temporal salience (existing of qualitative and distinct moments), synchronization (Simulating the behaviors and movements of the people in social links). The movement concept can be seen in all aspects of rhythm. In Tazkieh school (Tehran City, Iran), Succession is understood by moving through stairs and different spaces in each floor, and also objective of sun movement during the day. However, daylight in school interiors does not have much effect due to the use of thick curtains to solve the problem of hijab. Succession in relation to erosion of surfaces in any building is a gradual change, indicating movement. This succession occurs in all buildings and its speed is inversely related to the quality of materials and their durability. Users' spatial experiences of daily activities and events in the school, religious, and national annual calendar indicate socio-cultural dimension of duration. Physical manifestation of this aspect of duration is in architectural elements, such as decorations, symbols, and architectural style. The instance of speed is defined by activity types occurring in a place and varies time to time. Mental perception of time is related to the rapid or slow occurrence of activities and experiences in a place that are changing over time. Each place, depending on its function, is host to certain activities that are regularly repeated. The example of a place with different speeds is obvious in the School. For example, the speed of classrooms is adjusted and changed by a mechanical clock between a quiet place during teaching and a fast place during break time and art workshops. The lived experiences and memories of school users of activities, events, and their locations in the school emphasize the temporal salience. Teaching behaviors and their repetition by students in social connections, such as events and ceremonies, is a clear example of synchronization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

329 - Conservation and Reconstruction of Industrial Heritage Potentials (Study Sample: Karaj Steel Plant)
shirin sotodeh Vahid Ghobadian Mohammad Javad Mahdavi Nejad

Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Iran, relying on its rich history in the field of art, industry, and trade has put the construction of industrial factories throughout Iran on the agenda and in every city and gift, and often according to the common industr More

Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Iran, relying on its rich history in the field of art, industry, and trade has put the construction of industrial factories throughout Iran on the agenda and in every city and gift, and often according to the common industry in that region. Industrial architecture is one of the important branches and sources of modern architecture. Strives to build one or more chain factories with the capital of the city's elders and businessmen and to attract the participation and capital of the people. In other words, in an action based on community-based participation, the face and landscape of the city were suddenly changed, and factories were accepted as manifestations of modernism and signs of the new age, along with other urban elements. Unfortunately, after the end of the activities of these industrial institutions and their departure from the city, and the abandonment of factories, many of them were destroyed due to a lack of real knowledge of officials and people of the values hidden in this building and lack of attention of responsible experts and specialists. The process that continues and even their inclusion in the list of national monuments has not been very fruitful and can not be considered an obstacle to prevent their destruction. In this regard, in this study, to be able to properly protect and recreate this heritage, to identify the appropriate approach to the protection of this heritage based on the review of approved documents, and also to recognize and understand the tangible and intangible values of this heritage by grounded theory. Was on the agenda. A method based on and extracting data that has been collected and analyzed regularly during the study of scientific sources. Thus, the result of this integrated protection and regeneration that takes place in the light of attention to culture, considering the category of public awareness of the values of this heritage, as an important matter, integrated protection and recreation of this heritage in the shadow of conscious communities. Will play an important role in its continuation.Explaining this, it should be noted that the industrial heritage, especially the factories that are located in the central part of cities today, after the completion of industrialization and turning them into large forgotten areas inside or around historic cities, from the perspective of people and residents, physical places. And an abandoned and polluted function, spaces for committing all kinds of crimes and offenses, and generally devoid of any inherited values. At first glance, these areas are considered unbearable financial ones, even from the point of view of the executive and political powers. This negative view of the audience and the subsequent cases such as the impossibility of visiting this building and consequently the unfamiliarity of the people with different values of this building deprive the people of a sense of attachment and emotion to this building which is one of the most important reasons for protecting industrial works. In this regard, one of the first protection strategies regarding industrial heritage is to eliminate the negative attitude towards them. The endangerment of industrial heritage is also due to this negative mentality and the problems of the economic structure of the old industrial areas; It should be noted, however, that this legacy can be reminiscent of a pioneering spirit, traditions, and the power of innovation, and can be effective in improving public perceptions and creating a positive image, but so far little use has been made of this industrial heritage potential.In such circumstances, the legacy of industrial society can be saved. The first is to make a relentless effort to preserve this heritage in the collective memory of post-industrial generations. This should be done by understanding the value of this heritage after their disability; In meantime, motivating the feeling and strengthening the sense of pride and sense of responsibility for the protection of industrial heritage, both for the audience and for the officials, will be very effective in preserving the values of industrial heritage. Second, to incorporate this heritage into the daily lives, work, and other cultural or service needs of the residents, using the imagination, initiative, and innovation that we will address in the relevant section. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

330 - "Analyze social relations in the diplomatic architecture of the Safavid period based on the space syntax approach" Case study: chehelsotoon palace , Isfahan.
soudabeh mehdipour Jamaleddin soheili

10.22094/lsj.2023.699496

Abstract:from past to present behavioral modules and social relations exist or existed in people's lives, But as it should be, they have not been recognized and have not been taken into consideration, while they are of a great value. As the space syntax has been studied More

Abstract:from past to present behavioral modules and social relations exist or existed in people's lives, But as it should be, they have not been recognized and have not been taken into consideration, while they are of a great value. As the space syntax has been studied in urban planning , we will put steps in understanding this method in the field of architecture, to realize hidden social-governmental patterns In the architectural works of the past, in order to evolution of today’s architecture. A building means creating spaces for specific functions for residents. In this study, in order to gain better understanding of the formation and the hidden relationships between spaces , the potential social relations in the Diplomatic buildings , particularly the Safavid palaces are considered. It is difficult to know the whole space as a whole, Because people are always faced with a part of space and it is not possible to understand the whole at a time. What is emphasized is that the building is never a single-function phenomenon. Buildings organize spaces and shape relationships and social activities inside and out. The building is an independent and variable set in the environment and its function is appropriate to the spaces that are defined in it. The main goal of researchers is to understand social relationships in space, such as creating privacy and public spaces. The creators of this method have a social view of works of art in general and architectural buildings in particular. They believe that although the builder of the building creates a single shape, but to achieve this single shape, he has regulated spaces together. Regulation of spaces together means communication within the spaces with each other. So, with evaluating the relationship between space and hidden social relationship of the inhabitants in an architectural space and extending it to similar spaces, we can participate in this movement. In the simplest explanation we can say, Space syntax is a set of methods and theories that study the configuration of space at the scale of architecture and urban planning to explain how the configuration of space, social organization and social behaviors interact. The arrangement of spaces next to each other has a direct effect on how people use spaces. The use of this method has been proposed by several English scientists since the early seventies. Of this group, Estedman, Hillier and Hanson are the most famous. In the Research process the relationship Between physical space and its current events have been investigated by using space syntax Analysis software. Mathematical and graphical data is portrayed as graphical charts And graphs of hidden social - governmental Relations which lies at the heart of this building. The first phase of their work in the 1970s involved real environments, indigenous buildings, and organic complexes. The second stage in the development of the method of space syntax occurred in the eighties. To achieve their goal, they introduced a drawing technique called " Justification charts".This drawing method allowed them to simulate different spatial patterns. The third stage is the globalization of the syntax of architectural space.The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical and after explaining the corresponding concepts, social relations governing the diplomatic architecture of the past is studied, and the sample is chehelsotoon palace in Isfahan, which was built during the Safavid era. Based on the analysis of explanatory diagrams that express the internal relations of palaces in the form of lines and circles, and by simplifying the planned relations and displaying them graphically, we will reach a simpler and more understandable expression. Spaces of the same category are in the same row and numerically valued in the same row, and spaces according to how they get from one space to another , They are connected by a line. The reasoning method is deductive. In this paper we tried to make the hidden social-governmental relations in the spirit of the diplomatic architecture of Safavid era visible.Analyzing the spatial order of the palace using the method of space syntax enables the architectural professional community to create a model that predicts social-governmental behavior in diplomatic spaces. This model can be used in the design process and an interactive relationship can be established with it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

331 - Modeling a Kinetic Smart Shell to Optimize Daylight in a Hot and Semi-Arid Climate (Inspired by the Movement Algorithm of Carnivorous Plant)
Zahra Yarmahmoodi Tahereh Nasr Hamed Moztarzadeh

10.22094/lsj.2023.704902

Aim: Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of tec More

Aim: Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of technology, the construction of sustainable buildings has become important, and after that, new concepts of smart buildings have been proposed. Architecture that is designed based on fixed parameters does not react to external factors. Therefore, to reach a responsive architecture, these parameters must be changeable. Non-intelligent buildings cannot change with the path of the sun, wind changes, etc., and this creates a separation between the building and the surrounding environment. Therefore, today there is a need for buildings that adapt to changes in the external environment and learn to adapt using the information given. Also, when the systems achieve adaptability, they have a dynamic character and can respond to external factors, which ultimately increases the system's efficiency.Nature, which has one of the best responsive systems, can be a good model for providing a solution to this problem. The building facade communicates between the interior and the exterior of the building; Therefore, factors such as ventilation, light, cooling, heating, etc. of the building depend on a façade’s performance. Therefore, a facade design which has responsive to external factors can be very important to achieve a green building. In addition, with the correct design of a facade, energy consumption can be reduced and interior space can be provided for the comfort of the residents, which is one of the main goals of building design. Nature itself is made up of different parts which include: human, animal, plant form, and inanimate nature, and also the building has different parts that in this research to limit the title, from nature, the category of plants, and the building, a facade selected for research. The focus of the research is on providing solutions that bring compatibility between architecture and the environment, and finally, the ultimate goal is to provide new and innovative solutions for designing smart facades in buildings. Considering that plants are fixed like buildings with their roots in place, they need to react to external factors, and this reaction is realized with specific movements. In this sense, the plant is very similar to the building that is sewn to the ground and must protect itself from rain, storm, wind, light, etc. For this reason, the current research has investigated a type of plant with an opening and closing movement mechanism to make the facade of the building more intelligent so that a facade can adapt to the outside environment and protect the interior of the building.Finally, with the investigations, the carnivorous plant was chosen as the source of inspiration for this research, and the kinetic algorithm of the plant was analyzed. Because this plant reacts quickly in proximity to the surrounding environment and has a unique movement mechanism. Also, today it has been the attention of researchers from a behavioral point of view. The present research is hybrid and based on theoretical research, concepts, definitions, topics and gathering information from the compatible plant and presenting a program to convert the data related to the plant into the kinetic algorithm of the intelligent shell of the building facade. As a result, an idea to provide a solution with the combination of biology and technology for the climate adaptation of the building shell with the surrounding environment has been proposed, inspired by the adaptation of the plant to the surrounding environment.Method: The research method is modeling-simulation. In this way, the kinetic shell is modeled in Rhino 6 software and Grasshopper plugin and Radiance analysis due to sunlight hitting the shell is obtained by Ladybug plugin. The Daylight simulation is obtained by Honeybee plugin. Shiraz climate data is obtained from Energy Plus softwareResult: The results show that the kinetic shell, inspired by the carnivorous plant's kinetic algorithm is dynamic and adaptable and has the ability to control Radiant analysis and reduce the entry of Daylight up to 30% in the hot seasons of the year. Therefore, the kinetic shell modeled in the current research has a good performance in Shiraz climate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

332 - Defining the Conceptual Paradigm of the Nature-Inspired Design Strategies
Shermin Olia Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

10.22094/lsj.2023.699498

Introduction: By utilising biological knowledge, the application of nature strategies in the building of an architect can assist businesses and designers in moving towards a sustainable future by fostering a cohabitation and harmony between the natural and artificial en More

Introduction: By utilising biological knowledge, the application of nature strategies in the building of an architect can assist businesses and designers in moving towards a sustainable future by fostering a cohabitation and harmony between the natural and artificial environments.We need to understand the creation processes of the architect with framing inspiration from nature due to the complexity of nature's ways and the nature of its fields, despite these constructive and outstanding strategies in settling human conflict.The rich reservoir of knowledge that is nature can be used to significantly influence and nurture sustainable thinking as a way of thinking and an intellectual apparatus.Due to the breadth of biological knowledge and the complexity in understanding and employing nature's strategies as a result of knowledge developments, we necessitate a model to use in area of biological strategies. This model starts with the use of biological studies in the first step and uses an intelligent processing system on the side. The deliberate and obvious relationship between these ideas, as well as the identification and clarification of the elements of design projects, which opens up new avenues for developing new designs that are inspired by nature, are the primary issues of the research.Methodology: The current study used a combination of qualitative research methods, including field investigations, case studies as well as a descriptive-analytical approach.The order of nature-inspired design education places doing field studies by testing and utilising the studied technique first when testing research hypotheses.A total of 132 master's degree students from the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad and the Tehran Science and Research Branch participated in exploration and field investigations that were conducted in two stages of pre test and test over the course of two academic years and three academic semesters. There is a review of the pre-examination results analysis and the planning and preparation for the exam in the academic year 2019-2020 in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019.Results and Conclusion: In terms of philosophy and theoretical issues, several approaches—such as Biomimicry, The Hannover Principles, and Cradle to Cradle— are considered to be design approaches that employ ecological considerations in their designs. Furthermore, there isn't agreement yet on whether these methods should be applied in conjunction with a certain design process. The primary challenge of this study is to explain how to apply natural solution methods to architectural problems and to close the gaps that have been identified. In order to achieve a balance between the natural and built environments, the research's overall goal is to present the attitude, tools, and methods for converting the architectural solutions found in nature. According to the research, the biological foundation of the architectural development process starts with the design problem-solving methodology. In addition to changing the product's quality and functionality, biological knowledge and information also affects how buildings are made. The main result is a shift in design philosophy that aims to produce harmony and balance between the natural and artificial environments, boosting output and bringing about stability rather than lessening instability.The authors recognize that there are various approaches to achieving sustainability and striking a balance between the man-built environment and nature. We must develop sustainable thinking as an intellectual tool if we intend to achieve this goal. Choosing and identifying the best design attitude (problem- or solution-based approach), picking and developing the best problem-solving techniques, and using the right tools to translate natural solutions into architectural solutions. In a model, that also illustrates the characteristics of each phase with several subsections relevant to the design process; they were able to convey the mindset, tools, and method of using nature's strategies and converting them into architectural solutions in a process with four main phases.To test the research's hypotheses to make the topics understandable and navigable, and as a result, the qualitative variables have been transformed into quantitative and measurable variables in a form that can be cited and presented in the form of a diagram among the appropriate statistical population, i.e., university students (architecture students). The researchers could divide the complicated and wide-ranging topic of the architectural design process inspired by nature into independent variables and dependent variables, explain them appropriately and then conduct a test to determine their relative importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

333 - Explanation of the components of tradition and modernism in the physical structure of residential buildings of the contemporary period of Iran (a case study of residential buildings of the Pahlavi period)
Alireza Taherian Ahmadreza Keshtkar Ghalati mahmod nikkhah shahmirzaei gholamhosein naseri

10.22094/lsj.2023.699497

, with the arrival of different cultures in Iran, the plan and form of the houses underwent changes. The form of the plans in Qajar residences changed from introversion and respecting privacy to extroverted forms, and components such as interiors and vestibules, which h More

, with the arrival of different cultures in Iran, the plan and form of the houses underwent changes. The form of the plans in Qajar residences changed from introversion and respecting privacy to extroverted forms, and components such as interiors and vestibules, which had the role of protecting the privacy of the house, became less. Although at the beginning of the Pahlavi period, residential construction was tried to be close to the Qajar period, but with the arrival of educated architects from outside Iran and the injection of foreign culture into this architecture, these changes reached their peak in the second Pahlavi period. Knowing the factors affecting architecture in different periods has always been one of the most important ways to prevent the fading of authentic architecture with Iranian identity. Knowing these factors and how they affect architecture is an issue that must be taken into account in order to prevent abnormal and incorrect changes in urban spaces, of which the house is the smallest part, in contemporary and future architecture; Because the architecture of every nation is always a picture book of that nation's culture, therefore, it is important to examine the process of changes in plans and spaces and the change of the form and shape of the house as a fundamental part of a city.The purpose of architecture is to create an image within the physical form and architecture is a reflection of human life. The architecture of today and tomorrow cannot be unrelated to the architecture of the past. This is the most important issue of our contemporary architecture; That it is separated from its components and canvas and the place of Iranian architecture in it is not clear. Because in the contemporary architecture of Iran, there is always the concern of creating a connection between the architecture of the past and the present, and giving meaning to what has existed in theory and what has been in practice, and what is interesting and disgusting, is that in recent years, the concept of ancient architecture in the history of Iran, using the phrase " "Traditional architecture" is expressed, which does not imply the concept of the antiquity and value of this architecture. In fact, the concept of traditional architecture brings to mind that it is a type of architecture in Iran that covers a certain period and may have passed its use-by date. In other words, unfortunately, before evoking something precious and valuable, it evokes a color and smell full of oldness and backwardness in the mind. Many factors in the contemporary era cause fundamental changes in Iranian architecture. Examining the criteria of tradition and modernism in residential architecture in Iran is important because it will be more clear in the history of contemporary architecture in Iran. This research aims to investigate the characteristics of tradition and modernism in the physical structure of contemporary Iranian residential architecture in the Pahlavi period, and tries to answer the question of how the characteristics of tradition and modernism have been implemented in the physical structure of residential buildings in the contemporary period, and from the combined research method of nest to The nest is used to achieve this goal; First, the indicators of tradition and modernism are extracted from the concepts, and then the code table is compiled, then interviews are arranged, based on these interviews, the variables used in tradition and modernism in the building are proposed, and then a questionnaire is used for verification. The sample size of the qualitative stage is 46 interviews and 384 people in the quantitative part. The results show that in modernism, the components of honest expression of structural materials in the facade with a value of 0.965, the mute element of architectural elements with a value of 0.856, and the use of rectangular volumes with a value of 0.818 have the highest correlation with other components of modernism. Also, to upgrade a unit of tradition in the space with the user of a unit, one of the characteristics of using brick as the dominant material of the walls and the use of physical elements of traditional architecture with a value of 1.000 can increase the association of tradition in a residential building. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

334 - Reading the thought of neo-traditionalism in contemporary Iranian architecture based on Heidegger's philosophical hermeneutics (by examining the thoughts of Hossein Sheikh Zain al-Din)
faezeh amiripouya Khosrow Afzalian IRAJ ETESAM Mohsen Tabbasi

10.22094/lsj.2023.699502

AbstractHeidegger, the founder of philosophical hermeneutics, whose most important concern is the neglect of existence. Philosophical hermeneutics, in the strict sense of the word, clearly refers to understanding, and pure understanding. In the process of perception and More

AbstractHeidegger, the founder of philosophical hermeneutics, whose most important concern is the neglect of existence. Philosophical hermeneutics, in the strict sense of the word, clearly refers to understanding, and pure understanding. In the process of perception and understanding of any category, there are basically two directions. Considering that understanding is achieved in different ways, perhaps it is better to attribute this transfer to the message. Therefore, hermeneutics is proposed in art and architecture. The thought of the architect and the audience can be two desired aspects in architecture. Therefore, the thought of contemporary Iranian architects is one of the topics that can be read on this basis.Sheikh Zain al-Din is one of those architects who looks for dynamism and change in the essence of architecture, so the purpose of this research is to read his thought based on philosophical hermeneutics. which can be used to define a new language for today's architecture.The research method of this research is logical reasoning. Since logical reasoning is based on words; The present research is qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. Therefore, it is a descriptive form that tends to the process of meaning and understanding resulting from words; To clarify the relationships between elements and concepts, the technique of discourse analysis through lectures and interviews in specialized architectural press; is used and finally coding and discourse analysis is done.In the reading of Sheikh Zainuddin's thought based on Heidegger's philosophical hermeneutics, the most important point is historicity. Historicity in key words such as paying attention to the past, present and future, the past in stable tradition, the present in today's architecture, the past, present and future are three important key words in the architect's discourse. Therefore, today's architectural language can be determined. The characteristics of this architectural language are the lack of conflict between tradition and progress, which can establish a peaceful relationship between world architecture and traditional architecture. In the thought of the neo-traditionalist architect, the transformation of man from the past to the future takes place by using the achievements of the past and with a new expression in the new world. Therefore, man is present with fluidity and flow. Key words: philosophical hermeneutics, neo-traditionalism, contemporary Iranian architecture, Sheikh Zainuddinreferences Ahmadi, Babak, Mohajer, Mehran and Mohammad Nabavi. (2014). Modern hermeneutics, 11th edition, Tehran. Bani Massoud, Amir. (2014). Contemporary architecture of Iran (in the pursuit of tradition and modernity), architectural art of the century, Tehran. Palmer, Richard. A. (2011). Science of hermeneutics, translated by Mohammad Saeed Hanai Kashani, Tehran, Hermes. Partoui, Parvin. (1378). Phenomenology of Place, Tehran, Art Culture Pahlavan, Maryam, Hosseini Shahroudi, Morteza. (1386). A Reflection on Heidegger and Gadamer's Hermeneutics, Andishe Dini Quarterly, Number 22, 41-62 Sheikh Zain al-Din, Hossein. (2013). Thoughts of contemporary architects of Iran, interviewer: Seyed Alireza Qahari, Esmail Azadi (philosophy, art and architecture), first volume, Saba Farhang Publishing. Habibi, Seyyed Mohsen, (1400), description of the currents of architecture and urban planning in contemporary Iran, Cultural Research Publications, Tehran. Hasanpour, Mohammad, Kayhanpour, Mohsen and Alireza Nowrozi Talab. (2015). The nature of the hermeneutic round of understanding, in the aesthetics of photo interpretation, Bagh Nazar, No. 44, 5-12 Haghir, Saeed. (1381). Effar, work, audience of the hermeneutic world in the reading of architectural text, Zeba Noght, 7th issue, 117-126 Refahi, Hoda, Javaid Sabaghian, Moqdad (2016). Contextual analysis of neo-traditionalism in contemporary Iranian art (1340s) from the perspective of Michel Foucault's discourse theory, Scientific Research Quarterly of Kimiai Honar, No. 6, 23-37 Rajabi, Ruholah, Suleiman Heshmat, Reza. (2014). Language in Heidegger's Thought, Wisdom and Philosophy, No. 4, 23-40. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein A (1378). From appearance to imagination, Architecture and Urban Development Journal, number fifty-five, 74-70. Sheikh Zain al-Din, Hossein B (1378). The identity of the occupier, Architecture and Urban Development Journal, No. 50, 36-39. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1372). The Guest Years, Architecture and Urban Development Journal, No. 42, No. 42. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1382). Language, Space, Architecture, Art and Architecture Journal, No. 17, 21. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1381). Language and technique, Memar Magazine, No. 17, 28-45. Sheikh Zainuddin, Hossein (1377). Hafezieh guesthouse, Memar magazine, number one, 14-20. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

335 - Evaluation of the influential components of western architectural culture in the modern era on the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period gardens of Shiraz.
fatemeh nekooeimehr hossein soltanzadeh shervin mirshahzadeh

10.22094/lsj.2024.1986447.1097

During the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostl More

During the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostly seen in the residential buildings of the nobility, have occurred in all the building components from the body to the decorations. This influence was to such an extent that at the end of the Nasrid period, the architectural style of the buildings was a fusion of the traditional architecture of Iran and the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what components of western culture and architecture have influenced the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period garden mansion in Shiraz? Therefore, in the conducted research, it is tried to investigate the influence of Western architectural art and culture on them by examining the physical and decorative features of the Qajar era gardens in Shiraz city. The combined research design used in this research is the type of alignment design and convergent model. In the qualitative part, a case study Chaharbagh mansions related to the Qajar era in Shiraz city (Eram Bagh mansion, Afifabad Bagh mansion, Narenjestan Qavam Bagh mansion and Manshibashi Bagh mansion) has been done. The relevant data were collected through the researcher's visit and observation of the structures and the registration physical and decorative features in accordance with the research question. The analysis the findings showed that in decoration component, the results qualitative and quantitative findings support each other and show that the elements of western architecture are widely used in the decorative components of these buildings. At the same time, regarding the physical component, although the qualitative findings show the significant presence of western elements in the physical architecture of these buildings, according to the respondents, western architectural elements were seen to some extent in the volume composition and elements of these buildings, but they do not have a strong presence the body of the buildings compared to the decoration components. .As mentioned earlier, the art and architecture of the Qajar era, affected by the currents modernism and the changes and developments of modernism and westernism, took on a new shape and color, and the achievements the modern era can be clearly seen in the buildings and mansions this era. to be Although the Qajar architecture is derived from the traditional architecture of Iran, especially the architecture of the Safavid and Zandiya eras, but at the end of the Qajar era, the elements western architecture can be seen in all parts of the building, especially in the appearance of the building and decorations. Even the use of new materials that were used in Europe were also used abundantly in the buildings of this period.As seen in the theoretical foundations of the research, the art and architecture of the Qajar era was influenced by the art and architecture of the West and European countries, and the trends of the modernity and developments that were the results of the Western modernity era entered Iran in different ways during this period. The art and architecture of this era had an impact. These effects can be seen in the aristocratic houses and mansions built in the big cities of Iran such as Shiraz. In this research, the effects of western art and architecture were investigated in two areas, physical and decorative, in four mansions of Bagh Eshrafi in Shiraz city. First, it was found that physical factors such as extroversion, columns, capitals, and long and wide porches are among the western elements in the examined buildings, but almost all the decorative elements in the buildings are influenced by western art and architecture. They are combined with Iranian decorations.Therefore, according to the examination of the studied samples and the issues raised, it can be said about the influence of Western art and architecture on the architecture of the Qajar period mansions that the mansions built in the city of Shiraz during the Qajar era can be the most He observed the influence of western patterns, especially in the decoration of buildings, and it was such that the closer to the end of this era, the buildings were more oriented towards western architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

336 - Measuring the comfort of night lighting and light pollution in the comfort environments of commercial complexes
Parisa Mardi Ali Asgari

10.22094/lsj.2023.705331

Statement of the problem: visual pollution in the informal sociable environments of contemporary commercial places, while reducing the physical quality of spaces and social interactions, can lead to irreparable damages due to the lack of awareness of the users of being More

Statement of the problem: visual pollution in the informal sociable environments of contemporary commercial places, while reducing the physical quality of spaces and social interactions, can lead to irreparable damages due to the lack of awareness of the users of being in a polluted area and the immeasurable glare, inappropriate contrast, or the presence of direct light. be made This issue is more critical in commercial food courts, which in the last decade have had a high share of attracting the audience and creating human connections due to the nature of pauses and stops similar to comfort spaces.Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the design of the environments in question and especially the environments with the potential to pause for customers in the commercial building, focusing on identifying the points and conditions that aggravate visual pollution, conducting research in three examples of informal collective spaces in commercial-office places in Tehran. has doneResearch method: The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, which is applied-practical research in terms of the exploratory view of identifying the problem of the spaces in question. Also, in order to measure the current situation based on mathematical models and photometric evaluation of space, it is causal-experimental mixed research from the point of view of nature and method. The method of collecting information in this research is field due to the need for visual perception and environmental photography, and in order to choose more suitable spaces for measuring glare, non-random sampling has been used as described above. For this purpose, the intensity of illumination is analyzed with the help of the luminance spectrum resulting from the dynamic imaging of the Lupine meter software during photography.The spaces studied in the research were three food courts of Shemiran Center, Seven Center, and Sam Center in Tehran during the period of using artificial light (after sunset) which were chosen non-randomly due to the spatial characteristics and availability of access to collect the necessary data. . The effective components of artificial light disturbance are displayed in each of the samples. As mentioned before, in addition to the light source, its type, and arrangement, other environmental factors such as materials are important in terms of the present reflective effect. In order to estimate the amount of reflection of materials, the dominant materials in these environments, such as metal, cement, glass, stone, plaster, wood, brick, and concrete, are numbered and displayed in percentage calculations.Conclusion: Comparing the analysis performed by Lupine Meter software, it was observed that generally spotlighting, especially spotlighting on the bright surface of the ceiling or walls, causes maximum glare in direct or peripheral view due to the functional enhancement of light with background reflection. On the other hand, after spotlighting, transparent surfaces and windows with a high reflection coefficient caused more glare when faced with inappropriate lighting angles.Also, based on the points made in all three food courts, it was found that glare and light pollution are more in the parts related to the central parts and less in the corner parts. This importance has also shown the maximums and minimums of the evaluations by intensifying the transparent walls in the centers and the cloudy walls at the edges of the space.These results, while confirming the importance and priority of "material type", "polished material reflection coefficient", "color", "installation angle", "arrangement" and "chosen lamp and light type" in previous research, intensify the factors and their synergy in Showed together.It is obvious that the current research has been carried out due to the limitations of studies on the basis of artificial light and the hours of field harvesting after sunset (no use of natural light) as well as the establishment of the space of the selected food courts on the fourth and fifth levels and regardless of the external artificial lighting of the background. This issue can be considered for future research. Also, as mentioned at the beginning of the article, the present research was formed with the aim of improving the environmental quality of sociable spaces in commercial-office buildings, which can be measured and compared in qualitative methods and based on the perceptive votes of the audience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

337 - Analyzing the physical components of the interspace and the Biophilic architecture of a residential complex in the metropolis of Isfahan (case example: Zaytoun residential complex)
zohreh pooretesami mahdiye moeini mansoor nikpour

10.22094/lsj.2023.704903

Biophilic architecture, which is referred to as biophilic architecture, and the construction of interstitial space in residential complexes in Iran in the current era, is facing many challenges and what is being built;In order to benefit from the principles of biophilic More

Biophilic architecture, which is referred to as biophilic architecture, and the construction of interstitial space in residential complexes in Iran in the current era, is facing many challenges and what is being built;In order to benefit from the principles of biophilic architecture,which leads to the improvement of the interaction between humans and the environment,it is not considered.At the same time, observing the principles of biophilic architecture(partial interaction between humans and the environment) is one of the most obvious characteristics of improving the architecture of interstitial spaces in the external environments located between the blocks of residential complexes in Iran,which can bring peace of mind and subsequent psychological restoration of the residents. Interstitial space is a space that is constantly It is on the move and not necessarily a place in itself with a built-in boundary. Also,this space becomes a stable place in a geometry with complex inter-relationships, a place where the surrounding geometry inhales and exhales, and the architecture of this space absorbs everything it can use to build it. As the basis of spatial hierarchy, the interstitial space has had a special place in the structure of historical residential architecture in Iran. Nowadays, due to the destruction of the residential architecture structure, the position of the intermediate arena has also suffered from deficiencies. The lack of an intermediate arena has caused many psychological and social anomalies in the structure of today's residential architecture. Meanwhile, unfortunately, nowadays,in the construction of interstitial physical space in neighboring residential environments, we witness the forgetting of the principles and standards of biophilic architecture, which in turn could calm or restore the mentality and spirit of the residents. At the same time, biophilic architecture, which should be induced through creating the body of buildings in residential environments; Remaining unknown and continuous between the natural and building environments, and along with that the interaction between man and nature and the effect of nature on the human psyche, has been damaged and gradually goes into oblivion. Therefore, biophilic architecture can promote the relative understanding of the evolution of the human body and mind and its relationship with nature. However, paying attention to biophilic architecture in the design principles of the interstitial space in general can lead to the improvement of human life. Because the elements of nature, by being placed in the interspace outside the residential blocks, in addition to reducing stress and creating a positive mood in the users, they bring the elements in these spaces closer to each other and thus strengthen the bond between man and nature. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to investigate the interspace in the residential complex of Zeytoun Isfahan based on the approach of bio-oriented architecture. The question is, what is the relationship between the physical components (materials, geometry, height of neighboring buildings and dimensions) of the interspace of Zeytoun in Isfahan city residential complex with bio-oriented architecture from the residents' point of view? Analytical and using the method of logical reasoning along with the method of collecting information in the form of library and field studies with the tool of questionnaire and the use of correlation test came to the conclusion that the physical components of the Biophilic interspace in the residential complex of Zeytoun in the city of Isfahan, (materials, geometry,dimensions,the height of neighboring buildings) in addition to improving the climatic and environmental performance, it has improved the quality of life of the residents and their mental health due to the use of natural systems and processes, and there is a continuous relationship of mutual actions between the physical components of the interspace of the Zeytoun residential complex in the metropolis of Isfahan and Biophilic architecture lies in the direction of improving the relationship between man and the environment, the creation of space and its perception. Also, according to the audience's point of view, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between the physical components (materials, geometry, height of neighboring buildings and the dimensions(length and width)of the interspace with Biophilic architecture from the perspective of the residents in the Zeytoun residential complex with an average significance level of 98%. and the variables have been evaluated positively and in the same direction with each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

338 - Identifying and prioritizing the atmospheric components of living space in architecture using Grounded theory
asma jami reza Mirzaei SEYED MOSLEM SEYEDOLHOSSINY AHMAD HEIDARI

Architecture, as both an art and applied science, plays a significant role in shaping human life today. Unfortunately, the architecture of today often falls short, serving merely as a shelter, leaving few users feeling at peace or at ease. The atmosphere of a building, More

Architecture, as both an art and applied science, plays a significant role in shaping human life today. Unfortunately, the architecture of today often falls short, serving merely as a shelter, leaving few users feeling at peace or at ease. The atmosphere of a building, which is the spirit and life of the architecture, is what makes it unique and memorable. Yet, experiencing the atmosphere of architecture and understanding the complex processes that create it can be challenging. it can be difficult to even explain or identify the components that contribute to it.While many studies have investigated the semantic and hermeneutic dimensions of the audience to atmospheric architecture from a phenomenological perspective, this research seeks to develop criteria and tools using a structural method to achieve atmospheric architecture in the process of architectural design. This approach is both practical and developmental, aimed at strengthening the structure of the building.To achieve this goal, Alexander's structure strengthening method is proposed as a guide in creating an atmospheric model. The research method used in this study is grounded theory or database analysis.Through the method of library document studies, relevant sources were examined, and ideas were categorized and clarified with the help of experts. Categories with the highest repetition and quality were identified through in-depth study and consultation with experts. Open coding was performed, resulting in 93 characteristics and 9 codes in the axial coding and 7 categories in the selective coding, based on the opinions of thinkers in the field of the structuralism approach of atmosphere in architectural spaces.The data were coded and selected in MAXQDA 10 software based on the frequency and repetition of the codes. The findings revealed that the atmospheres in architectural buildings result from a combination of structural and physical factors, as well as a set of invisible yet highly impactful concepts or quasi-things that affect the audience's perception based on their senses and abilities. Physical measures were more frequently studied than functional ones in existing atmospheric research, but the most important and frequent indicator was an integrated whole.Atmospheric architecture is characterized by its integration and synergy, which can have optimal effects on well-being, health, and vitality and can ultimately lead to an increase in the quality of life. The grand theory generated concepts and quasi-things such as light, temperature, and sound, and identified creative indicators of the architectural atmosphere in categories such as immediate perception, multi-sensory architecture, participation of subject and object, materials that make up the body, temporality, and corporeality, inducing movement, and an integrated overall structure that is in the relationship between subject and object.One of the most effective ways to actively engage people with their environment is through architecture and multi-sensory design. By creating a specific atmosphere for an architectural space, it is possible to induce a unique character or feeling that makes it memorable and serves a specific purpose. The quality of the atmosphere in a space can create a stronger emotional connection to our environment. A nombness and indifferent environment can have negative effects on both our mental and physical health. Therefore, improving the quality of the built environment, which covers a significant portion of people's lives, is crucial for enhancing their quality of life and social well-being.In summary, architects can use both material-physical tools and immaterial concepts or quasi-things in the design of atmospheric architecture, organizing them into a comprehensive whole called atmosphere. Physical measures have been studied more frequently than functional ones in existing atmospheric research, but the most important and frequent indicator is an integrated whole.From a structural perspective, the architectural atmosphere can be defined as the induction of tone, mood, personality, or a special feeling to an architectural space, making it unique and memorable with a specific purpose. The atmosphere in an architectural space provides special and potential qualities, and a numb environment can negatively impact general mental and physical health. Improving the quality of the built environment, which covers a long period of people's lives, deeply affects the quality of people's lives.However, the atmospheric design method cannot be explained by an algorithm or specific abstract ideas. Rather, it is a synergistic approach of imagination and thinking formed through interaction with the world and physical awareness Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

339 - Meta-analysis of studies on various dimensions and indices of native architectural patterns
Sareh Esmailbeigi kermni reza mirzaei AHMAD HEIDARI

10.22094/lsj.2024.1987358.1100

native architecture; It is an architecture that has given an appropriate answer to the needs of man, in relation to himself, society, the surrounding world and nature (basic needs) and has not occurred due to a specific event, in a specific time frame, it is a human-ori More

native architecture; It is an architecture that has given an appropriate answer to the needs of man, in relation to himself, society, the surrounding world and nature (basic needs) and has not occurred due to a specific event, in a specific time frame, it is a human-oriented architecture and based on his identity, It is formed as a dynamic movement over time. In fact, past architecture has crystallized typological values in the concept of type and transferred it. The architect has created a link between the present and the past through the concept of type and acting based on it. This link has become a chain of interconnected links that have evolved throughout history. What is being built in the present is a link of that chain. To act correctly and appropriately in the present tense, one must read the links of a chain. The starting point of this chain is a kind of base. In general, Iran's architecture of yesterday was valuable and proud; He gave honor to the soil, and he left behind the dignity of efficiency, reliability and beauty to man, and he thought of the sublime. Today, by examining the surrounding world, a certain regularity can be seen in the complex system of nature and human mind, which is necessary to establish order and balance in life. Therefore, decision-making in different situations is required to simplify complexities from a mental point of view and to find some kind of regularity in order and disorder in order to identify and remember patterns that lead to the conscious discovery of design patterns. Christopher Alexander first took an effective step in this field by proposing the theory of pattern language, but today, despite the design of several patterns based on Alexander's intuitive knowledge, some thinkers have not yet paid attention to this topic of architecture. According to Alexander, all the buildings that have been built so far, whether traditional or modern, all of them take their shape from the languages that their builders use; And it is the language that gives meaning and concept to the structure and saves it from the resulting anonymity.The native architecture of Iran has an ancient history. In every corner of it, buildings with different architectures can be seen, which at the same time have something in common, this feature has made them need to be investigated. Today's architecture is the result of our neglecting the physical conditions of the residents and past experiences and importing western architecture without localization. The continuation of this current will intensify the priority of aesthetics over comfort and will gradually increase the use of fossil energies and destroy our identity. Therefore, the present article aims to analyze the theoretical field of the researches conducted in the field of native architectural patterns, to meta-analyze the studies conducted in this regard. Considering that native architecture in different societies can have different meanings and types of factors and patterns, therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to make a theoretical summary in the field of factors in the analysis. The statistical population is 61 articles (31 domestic articles and 30 foreign articles) in the period from 1390 to 1402. The collection of data from the articles was based on the Prisma protocol, which was adapted to the opinion of experts. After a systematic review of the articles, meta-analysis method and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Also, after the inferential analysis of the data through the funnel plot, the linear regression method if, the diffusion error and the Q test of heterogeneity, using the linear regression and multivariate regression methods, first the relationship between each independent variable and then all the independent variables in different dimensions with The dependent variable, i.e. native architectural patterns, was evaluated. The findings of the research show that among all the variables in the studies, the dependence of the building shape on the climate is the most effective variable on the local architectural pattern, followed by the variables of the flexibility of the space for multiple functions in all seasons of using local materials. And the amount of radiation and temperature has the greatest effect on the native architecture pattern. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

340 - Explanation of the Evolution and Influence of Modernism on the Architecture of Residential Apartment Complexes in Iran and Uzbekistan
Nazanin Islami Fariba Alborzi

After World War II, between 1946 and 1978, Iran has experienced major social and urban changes, especially in the construction of residential apartment complexes. During this period, with the rapid growth of the urban middle class, the growth of construction and modern More

After World War II, between 1946 and 1978, Iran has experienced major social and urban changes, especially in the construction of residential apartment complexes. During this period, with the rapid growth of the urban middle class, the growth of construction and modern urban development have begun. In the 1950s, with the horizontal growth of the city, the central areas have been gradually characterized by apartment complexes and the international style has been known as one of the characteristic styles in Iran in the field of residential architecture. Iranian architects have been rapidly applying new construction methods in their work and have made significant progress in using modern technology in the construction of apartments. In the same period, the Soviet modernization campaign in Uzbekistan has led to major developments in the field of residential architecture in the country. Under Soviet influence, Tashkent has been always considered an important center for mass construction, especially housing. The 1966 earthquake in Tashkent caused extensive damage, especially to old buildings. Thus, in the process of rebuilding the city, modern high-rise buildings have replaced the old clay buildings. Therefore, considering the presence of Iran and Uzbekistan in the same historical period and the same geographical area and also the history of Iran and the rich cultural and historical roots shared by  the two countries, this study aims to explain the effects of modernist processes in these societies on how  residential complexes are architecturally structured in the contemporary period and the Second Pahlavi period in Iran and at the same time in Uzbekistan to answer the following questions: Have modernist movements in Iran and Uzbekistan influenced the development of residential complexes in the two countries? What are the nature and structure of the residential architecture evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan, and what are their similarities and differences? In terms of necessity and innovation in research, although many studies have been done on the historical and traditional architecture of Uzbekistan and its comparison with Iran, so far few studies have been done on the contemporary architecture of Uzbekistan and there is no study specifically examining the evolution of residential architecture (Residential apartment complexes) in Uzbekistan as well as the similarities and differences between residential apartment complexes in Iranian and Uzbek Contemporary architecture. The present research is a comparative study conducted with a qualitative approach using documentary and field studies. Historical–theoretical foundations are gathered by the interpretive historical research method, and the architecture of residential complexes are analyzed with a descriptive–analytical approach. The statistical population consists of all residential complexes constructed in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Second Pahlavi Era and at the same time in Uzbekistan and the sample comprises a number of residential complexes belonging to the same period (construction year) that share stylistic physical and functional similarities. Modernist approaches (in the physical dimension) are manifested by the emergence and formation of rectangular and square forms using new materials such as glass, concrete and steel, and applied geometrical elements dominant in the site plans (in the functional dimension). Flat roofs and facades with a rectangular system (objective dimension) and no decorative elementswere widely used in the apartments. The results indicate the objective, functional, and physical manifestation of the modernistic residential complexes components in both countries, with the greater manifestation of objective components. The residential complexes built during this period in both countries have similarities in terms of objective (the non-use of decorations and the use of ribbon windows in facade design), physical (plan design with straigth lines and 90-degree angles), and Functional (such as the integration of buildings with their physical context, regardless of context, culture and geography, and attention to functionalist engineering considerations instead of aesthetic components) dimensions. Uzbekistan, however, displayed an attempt to restore its historical roots from 1971 to 1983, which are reflected in the nationalistic style of architecture materialized in the Islamic decorations of the building façades dating back to this period. But in the late Soviet era, apartments built in Uzbekistan have tried to reflect Uzbek national culture by using Islamic-era decorations. Also during this period, two-story houses with private open courtyards and windowless exteriors have been built, in addition to residential apartment complexes, marking a return to the traditional and local lifestyle of the Uzbek family. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

341 - Comparative Study of City Identity in Architecture and Photography of the First Pahlavi Period
Maryam Molaei Hossein Safari Farzaneh Asadi Malekjahan

Studying and analyzing the works of art of a society requires understanding the culture, thought and current of thought that governs that society. The city is a setting for social life and the events that take place there. The physical appearance and places of the city More

Studying and analyzing the works of art of a society requires understanding the culture, thought and current of thought that governs that society. The city is a setting for social life and the events that take place there. The physical appearance and places of the city determine the thinking of the inhabitants of the city. The architecture of each period is the memory and embodied identity of that period. Architecture is the physical language of society that the people of that period created at a specific time, place and geography.The media is very important in portraying the urban image and shaping or directing the attitude and perception of the citizens of their place of residence. The concept of identity is one of the most complex issues in the field of humanities, the roots of which should be sought in sciences such as philosophy, psychology and sociology. On the other hand, the concept of identity in architectural works has a deep connection with the definition of the concept of identity in human beings, so that a work is considered as a symbol of a person's personality. In this study, we intend to examine the concept of identity in historical contexts and photographic works of the first Pahlavi period and analyze the relationship between the two. During the reign of the first Pahlavi, the registries and documents and banks underwent fundamental changes in the administrative system; With the advent of new departments such as the judiciary, railways, ministries and various organizations, a new form of bureaucracy emerged in Iran. Foreign architects and urban planners were used to design and build new buildings. New building materials and methods caused changes in the height of the building. Changes in various political and economic fields affected the cultural and social fields and changes took place in the architecture and urban planning of this period. The buildings designed in this period, despite having a national and Iranian appearance, represent the identity crisis between the historical and ancient past of Iran and the new Western architectural style. The research method in the present study is qualitative-comparative-analytical and has been done by field studies in the form of direct observation. In the library studies section, various sources such as resources available in university libraries and authoritative articles in the field of architecture and photography have been used. After asking questions and explaining the purpose, the lexical meaning and different theories about identity were examined from the perspective of architectural and photographic theorists. The results show that architecture and photography both create space and the spirit of life and have common elements for understanding space that have a different effect on the viewer. Photography, with the expression of the past, seems to have revealed the existence of the past in existence.Visual spaces are the most important factor in expression in photography. The identity or meaning of a work is the product of interaction and social interaction between the individual and that work, which is formed based on the interaction between the characteristics of the work and the audience's mental image. Urban spaces and architectural buildings help photographers to create an identity and create a place through space-making, and to record the cultural, historical, and social situation of their time. Architecture and photography have an important and special role in understanding the concept of identity in the first Pahlavi era. Because the reflection of the prevailing thoughts on the society and the social and political atmosphere of that period and especially the city of Tehran as the capital and represent the conditions of the society of that day.The results of research showed, architecture and photography, as a media, play an important  role in understanding the concept of identity during the first pahlavi period. Because of the reflection of the dominant thoughts on society and the political and political space of that period, especially in Tehran as the capital and representative of the conditions of the population, as a permanent document of architectural space and spaces, it is important to tell the narrative and address the elements and spaces that are important for the recognition of the memory and identity of the city, but today they are not present or changed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

342 - Reading of Juhani Pallasmaa Phenomenology in the Blur Pavilion by Diller Scofidio (Expo2002)
Yahya Bagheri Mehrdad Matin

Phenomenology can be mentioned as one of the main intellectual currents of the twentieth century. Phenomenology studies the nature of a thing. Johani-Pallasmaa is one of the most influential architectural phenomenologists. Johani Pallasma was philosophically influenced More

Phenomenology can be mentioned as one of the main intellectual currents of the twentieth century. Phenomenology studies the nature of a thing. Johani-Pallasmaa is one of the most influential architectural phenomenologists. Johani Pallasma was philosophically influenced by the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, as well as the views of phenomenologists such as Husserl and Heidegger. According to Pallasmaa, science and reason give rise to limited mentalities based on the perception of vision, which has had unfortunate consequences in contemporary architecture. Pallasmaa phenomenology is a profound view that brings us closer to the essence of things and keeps them close to us. His view is based on the participation of the senses in the process of receiving and perceiving and placing the human body and body as the center of perception. The five senses are involved in the sensory qualities of materials, light, color, antiquity, and history. Diller Scofidio's Blur Pavilion at Expo 2002 seeks to create a supermassive space that takes the audience from seeing and visual perception to touch, being in space, and sensory perception. The research method in this research was descriptive analytical and collection of documentary and library information. Descriptive research includes a set of methods that aim to describe the conditions or phenomena under study. In recent years, phenomenology has become a universal method of evaluating architecture. In the meantime, numerous writings and researches have been done in which the phenomenological method has been the basis. Research in phenomenology can be reviewed in two separate areas. One is research on the nature and what is the philosophy of phenomenology, which is a special and very broad topic that there is no room to address here, and the other is research on how to realize the philosophy of phenomenology in architecture, which is in fact the approach of this research and the subject of research. Conducting descriptive research can only be to better understand the current situation or to assist in the decision making process. The most important features of this pavilion can be mentioned, moving in a foggy and foggy space towards light, vision and landscape, creates a special fluidity in the perception of the environment. Touching water droplets on the skin feels the materials and materials made and causes sensory perception. The resulting steam conveys a moist scent and sees the audience in space and time in front of a different experience. Another point is to be placed on a bed of water and the presence of water droplets creates a special connection between the environment and the built environment. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of the characteristics of the Blur pavilion from the point of view of Johanni-Pallasmaaa phenomenological analysis and its characteristic features. For this purpose, first by recognizing the theories of Pallasmaa and then the Blur Pavilion, the subject has been analyzed. The results of this study show that in addition to seeing and being seen, which is due to mental and visual perception, architecture can play a different visual of space and its meaning by playing other human senses, as well as the sense of place affected by presence in space. Lead and expose the audience to different sensory perceptions of the environment. Multisensory perception indicators take on a practical effect in the Blur Pavilion and help the audience experience a different space. An atmosphere full of sensory experience that the audience sees in interaction with it and sensory perception leads to a different experience. Many artistic and architectural influences are evoked through presence and experience. Experiences of the various senses that take place in the present world that become part of the audience's experience and memories. For a better perception of space (often thought of as visual images), multisensory perceptions form a more empirical experience, directing space toward spatiality and affecting the audience in a multifaceted way. This makes the audience understand and benefit from the environment based on their ability and perception, which is different from the other. This helps the audience to understand the space and lead the work to something meaningful. The effect of architectural sensory and mental perceptions is significantly formed in its quality, which combines different aspects and dimensions of experience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

343 - Functional Analysis of Field-Based Architecture Schools on Qualitative Assessment and Student Teaching Capacity Based on Environmental Psychology in Architecture
Akramolsadat Kheyrossadat

   The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for the introduction of hidden and obvious factors in the context and architecture that can be effective in the learner's learning process from a new angle; Therefore, the "grounnded theory" which is one of th More

   The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for the introduction of hidden and obvious factors in the context and architecture that can be effective in the learner's learning process from a new angle; Therefore, the "grounnded theory" which is one of the newest methods of qualitative research. To prove the effectiveness of this method, the Yazd school of architecture was selected as a case study to explain the step-by-step explanation of the implementation stages of this research. Data analysis was performed based on three methods of coding:  open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Finally, according to Strauss and Corbin, qualitative research validation methods were applied in this study. The results of this research in the final stage were 28 open source, 16 pivot codes and 6 code selections and the paradigmatic pattern was organized as follows: 1.Casual Variables. 2. Context Variables. 3. Intervening Variables 4. Core Category or Phenomenon 5. Strategies.6.Consequences The results of this study suggest that by aligning the goals of academic education with the principles of performance, on the one hand, and recognizing the values of identity in terms of assessable to place, on the other hand, it is possible to combine the well-found and hidden capabilities of the educational apparatus in the direction of psychological education the audience reached. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

344 - A Study of the Relationship Between Women Sanctum Concept and ‎Creation of Entrance Space in Iranian Architecture ‎
سحر طوفان

The aim of this paper is to deeply pay attention to the relationship between the concept of confidence and women position with creation of entrance space in Iranian architecture. The research method used is "descriptive – analytical study" method based on investig More

The aim of this paper is to deeply pay attention to the relationship between the concept of confidence and women position with creation of entrance space in Iranian architecture. The research method used is "descriptive – analytical study" method based on investigating patterns of architectural cases. The statistical population included all information, documents, plans and pictures of traditional houses at various climates in Iran, and the samples were selected randomly. All case studies are identified traditional houses, all confirmed and registered by valid organs, such as document center of cultural heritage and archives of architecture faculty. Architectural data were analyzed by modeling with Auto-Cad system, controlled with space standards, and then by drawing graphs and diagrams. Important results of this research are hierarchy of confidentiality about creation of entrance space, the strong relationship between women's worth with artistic and functional entrancing at traditional houses, as well as the relation of women's social significance and entrance place architecture. The main conclusion is the "transformation of Islamic art and architecture in the exalted concepts of Islam and respect for women."   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

345 - اهمیت طراحی مواد درسی در انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه
ویدا فتحی بنابی

   دانشجویان دانشگاهها در ایران به منظور دستیابی به نیازهای آکادمیک و دور نماندن از پیشرفتهای تکنولوژیکی انجام یافته در کشورهای پیشرفته، برای تقویت دانش تخصصی خود به زبان انگلیسی محتاج می باشند. دانشجویان معماری در سطح دانشگاهی در ایران مجزا از این امر نیستند. More

   دانشجویان دانشگاهها در ایران به منظور دستیابی به نیازهای آکادمیک و دور نماندن از پیشرفتهای تکنولوژیکی انجام یافته در کشورهای پیشرفته، برای تقویت دانش تخصصی خود به زبان انگلیسی محتاج می باشند. دانشجویان معماری در سطح دانشگاهی در ایران مجزا از این امر نیستند. با توجه به این مطلب ، تحقیق حاضر قصد دارد که پاسخگوی سئوالات ذیل باشد: چه مشکلاتی در طراحی مواد درسی در دروس انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بطور عام و دانشجویان معماری بطور خاص وجود دارند؟ و راحل های ممکن برای مشکلات تعیین شده چه می توانند باشند؟  در تلاش برای تدوین یک کتاب درسی برای دانشجویان معماری در ایران ، ما کتاب درسی ای را که در حال حاضر توسط دانشجویان معماری در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد تجزیه و تحلیل نمودیم. بدین منظوردانشجویان و اساتید شرکت کننده در تحقیق به دو پرسشنامه در مورد مندرجات کتاب مورد بحث پاسخ دادند. براساس پاسخهای آنان و همچنین نظریات محققین در این مورد سعی نمودیم تا به بحث در مورد قصور موجود و ارائه راه حل های ممکن بپردازیم.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

346 - An Evaluation on the Use of Islamic-Iranian Cultural Indices for Designing Practices in the Lessons, Introduction of Architecture Design (Case Study: Tehran University)
Elham kazemi Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Rahmat Mohammadzadeh Afra Garibpour

10.30495/jinev.2020.1901877.2204

The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of using Islamic-Iranian cultural indices to design practices in lessons of architecture design introduction. For this reason, college of fine arts in Tehran University was selected as case study. The method of investigatio More

The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of using Islamic-Iranian cultural indices to design practices in lessons of architecture design introduction. For this reason, college of fine arts in Tehran University was selected as case study. The method of investigation was descriptive-analytical via taking photographs from courses held in ateliers, 5 and 6. This study was an applicable study in the terms of results. The statistical society was comprised of 44 teachers of architecture in Tehran and Tabriz universities, which was collected by random sampling method. The questions were categorized into three concepts of geometry, innovation, form and space and each concept was comprised of Islamic-Iranian architectural parameters. In order to investigate the content of questionnaires, CVR (content validity ration) was applied among 10 specialists and their stability was determined as 0.88 by Cronbach's alpha. The analysis was performed via descriptive methods of statistics and conclusive statistics in SPSS software. The acquired results demonstrated that Islamic-Iranian cultural indices were evaluated as weak (4.54%), medium (86.36%), and strong (9.1%). Based on detachments, Islamic-Iranian indices have been followed in architecture design intro, 3 with average of 64.94 and this parameter was followed in architecture design intro, 2 and 1 with average values of 49.05 and 39.26 respectively. Eventually, it can be concluded that a little variation by teachers in designing practices and including low score parameters to each of the three lessons could provide appropriate practices based on Islamic-Iranian cultures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

347 - Iranian Architectural Education Curriculum Revision Based on a Strategic Approach with an Emphasis on the Relationship between Theory and Practice
Kristine Ebrahemian Bahram Vaziri Farahani Vadiheh Molla Salehi Sahar Toofan Hossein Moradinasab

10.30495/jinev.2020.1890720.2104

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inefficiency of undergraduate Curriculum in Architecture. Moreover, determine the desirability of the headings based on a Strategic to respond to the most urgent, real needs of the community to regulate the status of the arc More

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inefficiency of undergraduate Curriculum in Architecture. Moreover, determine the desirability of the headings based on a Strategic to respond to the most urgent, real needs of the community to regulate the status of the architectural education structure by explaining the gaps between theoretical and practical training to achieve the goals of this field in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of professors and specialists in architecture. 67 people were selected by using purposive and non-probability sampling method as the sample and used a researcher-made questionnaire with 37 questions and 5 Components of internal effectiveness, external effectiveness, latent effectiveness, linking theory and practice and needs and goals of review. We used confirmatory factor analysis with Amos software to analyze the questionnaire data. According to the results of the estimation, in the recent revised programs, none of the requirements has fulfilled and it is necessary in the first place to revise the curriculum of Iranian undergraduate education with the necessity to pay attention to linking theory and practice within the framework of architectural knowledge development. In addition, it is necessary in the second place to Considering the urgent, realistic, and justifiable needs of the community is included in the review program. Which some suggestions have made in this regards Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

348 - Investigating the Effect of Teaching Architectural Cognition Cards Based on Gestalt Theory on Metacognition and Mental Ideas Students
Farhad Karvan

10.30495/jinev.2023.1985183.2862

Changes in architectural education, reconstruction of education and improvement of educational systems to understand the learning process have always been of interest to architectural education professionals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ar More

Changes in architectural education, reconstruction of education and improvement of educational systems to understand the learning process have always been of interest to architectural education professionals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of architectural cognition cards education based on Gestalt theory on metacognition and mental ideas in the design process of students. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test design, post-test with control group. The statistical population included all students of Hamadan Universities. A sample of 40 people was selected by convenience sampling method. Students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group underwent architectural knowledge cards education based on Gestalt theory for 8 sessions. The main tools for data collection in this study included the State Metacognition Questionnaire and the Mental Ideas Scale. To analyze the data, Smirnov calligraphy test and Leven test were used to calculate the assumptions and multivariate and bivariate MANCOVA analysis of covariance were used. The results showed that architectural cognition cards education based on Gestalt theory has been effective on students 'metacognition and has also been effective on theme design processing in students' design process. The results of this study showed that architectural cognition cards education based on Gestalt theory has an effect on increasing the metacognition of architecture students and thus helps to improve the quality level of architecture students in design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

349 - The Assessment of the Value Components of Contemporary Housing Architecture based on the Epistemic System of Islam (Case Study: Urmia Contemporary Houses)
Ebrahim Samin Sharifi Miaveghi Masoumeh Yaghoubi Sangharchi Masoud Hagh Lesan

10.30495/jinev.2020.672760

Considering the need for housing in recent decades as one of the most basic human needs, and in line with the country's major policies and the importance of home in the religion of Islam, Thus, the emphasis on the principles of housing architecture design, according to More

Considering the need for housing in recent decades as one of the most basic human needs, and in line with the country's major policies and the importance of home in the religion of Islam, Thus, the emphasis on the principles of housing architecture design, according to the Islamic epistemic system, seems to be an important and indispensable factor in achieving the desired quality of housing. Thus, the present study seeks to answer the question of how well the original Islamic and Qur'anic concepts have been able to be expressed in contemporary physical and functional dimensions in the context of contemporary housing patterns. While explaining the components of Islamic value in the field of housing architecture, in this regard, this research will be done through a combination of two main steps. In the first step, by descriptive-analytical research method and by gathering information in the form of library and documentary studies with the help of first-rate religious sources (Quran Majid), he will extract religious concepts and then specialize the concepts according to the theoretical foundations of research. In the second step, we will evaluate and prioritize the indicators presented in the analytical model from the experts' point of view and evaluate the same indicators in the case samples by fuzzy hierarchy (AHP) technique. The results show that architectural patterns derived from Qur'anic concepts and teachings can be classified into two domains of functional and physical architecture components in Islamic housing. According to the experts, the sub-components of "location" and "geometry" with the weights of 0.217 and 0.275 have the highest importance factor in the functional and physical components, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

350 - The application effect of information and communication technology on qualitative performance (Case study)
Soleyman Iranzadeh Mousa Hamzezadehasl Amir Bargi

The study has investigated the application effect of information and communication technology on quantitative performance improvement of Tabriz municipality. The statistical populations are those who receive auto-tax services from Tabriz municipality. Since the populati More

The study has investigated the application effect of information and communication technology on quantitative performance improvement of Tabriz municipality. The statistical populations are those who receive auto-tax services from Tabriz municipality. Since the population is unlimited 105 people were chosen as statistical sample size in order to have more confidence the sample size was increased to 121 pepole. Data collection was done through field and questionnaire based on Likert scale.Finaly considering the data analyses the results showed that using information and communication technology led to reduction of expenses for those citizens using municipality services, it also effected the quality of services and communicating information and the citizens satisfaction in Tabriz.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

351 - Investigating and determining the human resources productivity functions based on the architecture of human resources model
Ali Rezaei Mirghaed Mirali Seyed naghavi Hamed Dehghana Maghsoud Amiri

The aim of this research was determining the proper functions ofhuman resources in human resources architectural model in order torealize ambidexterity at Tom's firm. This quantitative study was run intwo stages. At first, the architectural questionnaire was distributed More

The aim of this research was determining the proper functions ofhuman resources in human resources architectural model in order torealize ambidexterity at Tom's firm. This quantitative study was run intwo stages. At first, the architectural questionnaire was distributedamong managers and assistants to differentiate the jobs.Second, humanresource functions questionnaire in terms of renumeration, rewards,performance appraisal, training and development was distributed amongthe managers and assistants so that the proper kind of human resourcefunctions for each architecture be distinguished. To analyse the datainferential statistics (one sample t-test) was used. The results indicatedthat, the rewards in job-oriented should lead the employees toambidexterity. The rewards in partnership type should lead theemployees toward the improvement ambidexterity in organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

352 - Investigating national identity in Iran's diplomatic buildings from the perspective of Iranian architects
Nasim Najafgholipoor Shabnam Akbari Namdar

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1967249.1006

Diplomacy is one of the important factors showing the identity of a government, which has a long history and is as strong as the history of cities. Diplomatic buildings and especially embassies represent a foreign country in the capital or in important cities of the hos More

Diplomacy is one of the important factors showing the identity of a government, which has a long history and is as strong as the history of cities. Diplomatic buildings and especially embassies represent a foreign country in the capital or in important cities of the host country, whose land is considered the territory of the foreign country and governments do not interfere in their internal affairs. The most important factor in designing such a space is the image and concepts that the guest country wants to present in the host country. The need to address this issue is important because on the one hand it has brought political and social issues under the spotlight and on the other hand it can provide a lot of help to introduce the identity of Iranian architecture. Few architects are aware of the uses, technical needs, physical characteristics and features of these buildings. While these buildings are very attractive from the point of view of the specialized discussion of design due to their complexity and dealing with different nationalities and cultures. On the other hand, we know that most countries pay attention to the architecture of their agencies abroad, and their design is a good opportunity to improve the quality of architecture in terms of design, technical specifications, and the project and building management process. Although diplomatic relations between governments date back to ancient times; But new diplomacy and especially embassies have a history of several hundred yearsIn today's world, the relations between people and governments are very extensive, the body of history is tired of wars and conflicts, today peace, tranquility and dialogue are the cries of nations, and the embassy is a place for this dialogue, the design of the embassy , design for speaking and listening in this big global village. In the dialogue between the nations, architecture as an objective and permanent manifestation, a window to discover the elements that have passed on the nations throughout history. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting national identity in diplomatic buildings in Iran from the perspective of Iranian architects. This research has tried to answer the question, assuming that creating privacy and a sense of security is the most effective variable influencing national identity in diplomatic buildings, what factors influence national identity in diplomatic buildings in Iran from the perspective of Iranian architects? In order to analyze the questionnaire data, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the contribution of each variable on national identity in diplomatic buildings, using multivariate regression analysis method using SPSS software. The results of this research indicate that national identity exists in the architecture of Iran's diplomatic buildings. National culture exists in the architecture of Iran's diplomatic buildings. Also, the variable of coordination with the architecture of origin and destination has the greatest influence on the national identity of diplomatic buildings. The coordination of the plan with the context is the second influencing variable on the national identity of diplomatic buildings. Finally, openness and inviting space and security rank third in influencing the national identity of diplomatic buildings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

353 - A comparative study of the characteristics and components of the cognitive construction of the state-public buildings of the Pahlavi era in Tehrann
Yusef Goodarzi Mehrdad Matin Vahid Ghobadian

10.30495/jisaud.2022.694843

The purpose of this research is to compare the architectural features and structural components of government-public buildings of the first Pahlavi period and the second Pahlavi period in Tehran. Since in the present research the influencing factors and theories of cont More

The purpose of this research is to compare the architectural features and structural components of government-public buildings of the first Pahlavi period and the second Pahlavi period in Tehran. Since in the present research the influencing factors and theories of contemporary architecture in Iran are studied and investigated, on the one hand, the research was theoretical and on the other hand, the results obtained from the above research can be used as a strategy to improve the current state of architecture. It is also a type of applied research. Also, the nature of the research is analytical-historical because it is devoted to the investigation of historical phenomena and the influence of contemporary architecture, and on the other hand, considering that the phenomena have a qualitative aspect, they were examined and analyzed. In this regard, the components of cognitive construction as subsets of Pahlavi era architectural features were scored and weighted with Topsis software. According to the points obtained, the national, archeological and western indicators with an average percentage of 39.9 were placed in the first place among the first Pahlavi indicators. Also, the component of the use of native and historical elements along with Islamic motifs, which is under the traditionalist index, has the first rank of the components of the cognitive construction of the first Pahlavi period, with a Ci value of 0.459. Also, the modern indicator with an average percentage of 41.35 was ranked first among the second Pahlavi indicators. The component of the use of Iranian-Islamic geometry, which is under the traditionalist index, has taken the first place among the components of the cognitive construction of the second Pahlavi period with a value of Ci 0.455. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

354 - The city and the corona pandemic; Examining the social and spatial consequences of urban measures related to health
Kasra Ketabollahi

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1985226.1065

The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns t More

The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns through the intensive use of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to social and institutional acceptance of these patterns as the "new normal".In terms of methodology, the discussion is based on a transdisciplinary framework that is used for conceptual analysis and operationalized by identifying and discussing the concepts of design and planning.This article emphasizes the following: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are drawn from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering. b) The questions related to socio-spatial concepts and the dialectic of urban space/urban life come from the field of environmental psychology.and c) discussions of new environments that accommodate new lifestyles/work go beyond ethnographic and anthropological perspectives. The article concludes with an outlook that outlines key aspects of the synergy needed between architectural and urban education, research and practice, and public health in a virtual and global post-pandemic world.The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns through the intensive use of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to social and institutional acceptance of these patterns as the "new normal".In terms of methodology, the discussion is based on a transdisciplinary framework that is used for conceptual analysis and operationalized by identifying and discussing the concepts of design and planning.This article emphasizes the following: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are drawn from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering. b) The questions related to socio-spatial concepts and the dialectic of urban space/urban life come from the field of environmental psychology.and c) discussions of new environments that accommodate new lifestyles/work go beyond ethnographic and anthropological perspectives. The article concludes with an outlook that outlines key aspects of the synergy needed between architectural and urban education, research and practice, and public health in a virtual and global post-pandemic world.The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns through the intensive use of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to social and institutional acceptance of these patterns as the "new normal".In terms of methodology, the discussion is based on a transdisciplinary framework that is used for conceptual analysis and operationalized by identifying and discussing the concepts of design and planning.This article emphasizes the following: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are drawn from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering. b) The questions related to socio-spatial concepts and the dialectic of urban space/urban life come from the field of environmental psychology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

355 - The influence of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi's ideas on the architecture and urban planning of the Ilkhanate period
Hannaneh FayyazMoghaddam Lida Balilan.

10.30495/jisaud.2022.694777

The architecture and urban planning of any nation is a reflection of the thoughts of the people who are influenced by the philosophical thoughts of the thinkers of their era, which will not be possible to understand except by studying the works and the historical period More

The architecture and urban planning of any nation is a reflection of the thoughts of the people who are influenced by the philosophical thoughts of the thinkers of their era, which will not be possible to understand except by studying the works and the historical period of their lives. The seventh and eighth centuries AH is the era of flourishing Iranian architecture after the Mongol invasion subsided and the formation of an Il-khanate government. One of the most influential people of this period is Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi. This article tries to explain the architectural and urban planning features influenced by these ideas with the aim of carefully studying the artistic and geometric concepts of Khajeh and expressing the ideas originating from his philosophical and theological foundations. This study also seeks to answer questions such as how the impact of his ideas in the architecture of this period by examining the writings and architectural works. The results of this research emphasize the connection between the architecture and urban planning with the philosophical and geometric ideas of him. The type of influence of these ideas is such that Khajeh was able to combine the three issues of politics, science and religion with the help of his position, and in addition to the theoretical use of theological and philosophical ideas in the form of an ideal city, he also directly used from sciences such as mathematics, geometry and astronomy to be effective in the construction and decoration of Il-khanate buildings and linking endowment with urban planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

356 - Examination the concept of archetype and its reflection in architecture
Elnaz Behnoud

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1983383.1058

Jung's psychoanalytic criticism and archetypal concepts as an interdisciplinary knowledge, with the knowledge that he created in the lower layers of the psyche, has presented new readings and works of art. Currently, archetype criticism is expanding and expanding in res More

Jung's psychoanalytic criticism and archetypal concepts as an interdisciplinary knowledge, with the knowledge that he created in the lower layers of the psyche, has presented new readings and works of art. Currently, archetype criticism is expanding and expanding in researches in the fields of humanities, art and architecture.With the growth and expansion of interdisciplinary activities, many different approaches and types have been proposed. One of these approaches is the archetype criticism approach, which has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of architecture in recent years. Architectural structures, as the first types of art, in addition to cultural features, contain information, knowledge and even memories related to previous generations, and part of their function is to transfer data and accumulate their inner selves to future generations. Therefore, the influence of the mind and psychological processes on the creation of a work of art is undeniable. There are always new things to discover and interpret in architectural works. Therefore, the influence of the mind and psychological processes on the creation of a work of art is undeniable. There are always new things to discover and interpret in architectural works. In the current research, based on interdisciplinary knowledge between architecture and psychology, archetypes are re-read from diverse, deep and internal angles. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of how to understand the reweaving of an accepted value in the subject of psychoanalysis in the architectural structure. Based on the nature of the research, this research has been written in a qualitative method using written sources. This research tries to discover their traces in architecture by studying archetypes and based on this, it identifies and introduces approaches that can be expanded. The research results show that architecture has two thresholds; First, the structural, industrial and material reality, and the second, the abstract, semantic, mental and spiritual dimension, is a suitable field for the symbolic reflection of archetypes. The investigation of Iranian architecture has often included stylistic, technical, historical criticisms or deciphering visual symbols based on the knowledge of symbology and religious culture, which are mostly based on self-centeredness. Therefore, the void of psychoanalytic critiques in architecture is evident. The interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in architecture, provides new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading. The investigation of the historical architecture of Iran has often included stylistic, technical, historical criticisms or decoding of visual symbols based on the knowledge of symbology and religious culture, which are mostly based on self-centeredness. Therefore, the void of psychoanalytic criticism in Iranian architecture is evident. It is hoped that this interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in Iranian architecture, will provide new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading.It is hoped that this interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in Iranian architecture, will provide new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

357 - The Dictatorial Quasi-Romanticism of The First Pahlavi Government In The City of Bandar Anzali
Erfan Khasm Afkan Nezam Mostafa Kiani Hashemi

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1977504.1038

The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellect More

The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellectual philosophy, of which literature and architecture were only one of the fields of its emergence, and in the social and political fields, in the form of intellectual movements that stimulated Iranian nationalism or nationalism as a way to integrate and empower Iran in Reza Khan's government, and caused the transformation of Iran became a stable and secure country. One of the ways of implementing Reza Khan's "Imperial Theory" was the use of art and especially architecture. Therefore, the current research seeks to find the answer to the question that the worldview of Iranian pseudo-romanticism in order to legitimize the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi government, how and with what indicators and components were manifested in the architecture of government buildings in Bandar Anzali city? Was the image created by the government in line with the opinion of the intellectuals? Therefore, the research is of a qualitative and applied type, using the comparative-comparative method through the method of library studies. The results of the research show that in addition to Pahlavi's cultural discourse to realize his modernist approach through architecture in the form of building "Government Buildings" modeled after European architecture, it is necessary to create mental images in the citizens through the accompaniment of intellectuals of that period in the form of "reports and travelogues". In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

358 - Comparative study of Courtyard Spaces Patterns in Vernacular Architecture of Arid Climate (B) and Hot and Humid Climate (A) Case study :the cities: Yazd and Bushehr
Meghedy khodabakhshian marjan saeednia

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1970801.1022

The concept of vernacular architecture for humans has always been subject to climatic conditions if health and comfort were of concern. For this purpose, it is necessary to assess the constitutive component thereof. One of the basic components of vernacular architecture More

The concept of vernacular architecture for humans has always been subject to climatic conditions if health and comfort were of concern. For this purpose, it is necessary to assess the constitutive component thereof. One of the basic components of vernacular architecture is the open spaces or courtyards with different dimensions subject to the climatic conditions of the reign. The rational spatial orientation of these spaces determines the architectural nature of vernacular structures and highly contributes to the axiomatic aspect and the identity of such structures. The existing general patterns of these spaces are assessed in two, hot and humid, and arid climates in the two cities of Yazd, located in central, and Bushehr, located in the south-west regions of Iran. In each city, four structures of the Qajar era (1796-1925) constitute the subjects of this article. The subject structures belonged to the wealthy and elite, where the courtyard was located in the middle of summer and winter dwellings. The method adopted in this article is comparative-qualitative. An attempt is made to compare the findings of the subject structures through field observations and library documentation. The objective is to answer the following this question : " How is the climatic performance of the yard in two arid climate and hot and humid climates ? " . In general, the findings indicate that the shape and dimensions of each courtyard are proportionally subject to the geometry and physical characteristics of the entire structure. As to the proportion of the structure height, Vertical component to the dimensional horizental components of the courtyard in Bushehr, with an average depth-to-height ratio of Z at 1.24 is evident, indicating a standing position . Consequently, the airflow in the courtyard follows a circular pattern, something essential for this unique climate in providing natural vertical ventilation. This phenomenon is reversed in Yazd where the airflow follows a flat pattern, with an average depth-to-height ratio of Z at 0.51 is evident, something essential for this unique climate in providing natural horizontal ventilation. In both climates, the courtyard orientation is N-S to control temperature rise with an average of 16% and 29% of the entire structure area, respectively. It is found that in Yazd the existence of a water pond area with a 73 m2 average and a vegetation area at 56 m2 in the courtyard provide the required humidity for the area. The courtyards in Bushehr are covered with less vegetation with an average area of 5 m2, and the existence of a water pond there is an almost new phenomenon with an average area of 7 m2 because in the traditional architectural plans water pond non- existence. The courtyard area in Bushehr is square with an average of length to width ratio1.07 and smaller than the rectangular courtyards of Yazd with an average of length to width ratio1.43. Therefore, the yard has also had a climatic approach in both cities. The findings of such studies can contribute to the planning and construction of modern buildings with vernacular architecture if necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

359 - Comparative studies of library acoustics with the review of Noise and the level of sound pressure in the hall for girls and boys
maryam mirzababaloo seyed behshid hosseini abbas ghaffari houtan Iravani

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1998384.1102

Nowadays, there are problems such as noise pollution in the environment. In line with the emergence of these problems, topics such as providing sound comfort and proper distribution of sound in architectural spaces find a special place. Depending on the use of spaces, t More

Nowadays, there are problems such as noise pollution in the environment. In line with the emergence of these problems, topics such as providing sound comfort and proper distribution of sound in architectural spaces find a special place. Depending on the use of spaces, the degree of importance of this issue is different. In spaces such as libraries, access to sound comfort is among the priorities. One of the optimal space requirements in the library from the sound point of view is to prepare a relatively quiet environment without additional disturbances (such as traffic, internal ventilation, noisy people) and control noise. The proper distribution of sound in the study hall by expressing the issue of speech privacy and in meeting halls by expressing the issue of speech clarity is the focus of this research.Statement of the problem: In the matted spaces of the library, where the physical boundaries become fainter, non-visual boundaries become visible. The place of sound has been important in the architecture of the past so that it has become a modern science. The problem of proper distribution of sound in libraries led this research to examine comparative studies between sound and architecture in library reading rooms. The purpose of the research: The main purpose of the research is to create sound comfort and reduce harmful sound reflections in these spaces to create speech privacy. To achieve this goal, the relationship between the transmission and distribution of sound has been analyzed by examining the geometry of the halls and the materials used. The final goal of the research is to investigate the effect of the gender of the voices of girls and boys in the halls. Research questions 1- What effect does the reduction of noise in the library space have on the process of speech privacy for users? Research method: This research was conducted experimentally by measuring the sound intensity in the reading rooms of the girls and boys of Tabriz Central Library using the 2260B&K sound meter and the H8 recorder. The graphs obtained from the sound meter were extracted in Excel software and the recorder graphs were analyzed in MATLAB software. Finally, it has been adapted to the NC standard graph. Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that the gender difference of sound in spaces requires a special architecture, especially the reading of girls' houses, due to the wide range of frequencies, necessitates the use of fibers and shells on the surfaces. Sound comfort and security are harmful reflections, despite the sense of place and sense of belonging for users in the library, in the degree of the environment's desirability, is one of the goals of this research. Examining the forms in the overall volume and surfaces of the floor, wall and ceiling and dealing with materials with appropriate absorption coefficients and creating speech and hearing privacy are other research goals. The final goal of the research is to examine the combination of the frequency spectrum and the effect of the gender of girls' and boys' voices in the halls and to design an architectural solution in case of combining the frequency spectrum. By strengthening the architectural features in the field of sound, it becomes possible to formulate principles in the architectural design of libraries and acoustics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

360 - Identifying the effective factors on improving the architecture of sports spaces in schools
Mohammad Dana Salem Mohammad Seayvan Nouri khabat iranipanah

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1989413.1076

According to the statistics, the sports and physical activity of the students is not at an appropriate level. Lack of physical activity among students is a global problem: students spend most of their time in school, which significantly reduces the amount of daily physi More

According to the statistics, the sports and physical activity of the students is not at an appropriate level. Lack of physical activity among students is a global problem: students spend most of their time in school, which significantly reduces the amount of daily physical activity as they sit in class for long periods of time. Physical education lessons and coaches alone cannot be enough to motivate students to exercise, sports equipment and facilities are also necessary to help motivate students. This requires an environment that is conducive to their interest. In the world, there is in average of 5.2 square meters of sports space per student, but in our country, it is only 0.17 square meters. Lack of students’s physical activity endangers the physical and mental health of the society and this makes researches necessary in order to find the factors and solutions that lead to the increase of sports and physical activity of students. So these were the questions: What spaces encourage physical activity and sports from the students, principals, and teachers point of view? What features should this space have to encourage physical and sports activities? The purpose of this research was to identify spatial factors that enhance sports and physical activity from the students, principals and teachers point of view, so that schools can be actively designed and the school environment supports the students' sports activities.This research was based theoretically on behaviorism which deals with the relationship between environment and behavior and focused on the case study of the second cycle all-boys high schools in Marivan. The method of this research was to quantitatively collect the views of students, principals and teachers through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was the principals, assistants, and sports teachers in one group, and the students of less and more deprived schools in terms of space and sports fields in another group. The answers were analyzed using SPSS 26 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The KMO test was used to check the factor loading of the questions. A significant test (t) was conducted between the group of principals and vice-presidents of schools, with the group of school sports teachers and physical education experts, as well as among less and more benefited students in terms of school sports environment.The results showed that The first priority from the students' point of view is the hardness of most school sports fields (especially the asphalt type, due to the separation of asphalt particles from the ground during sports use), the presence of obstacles near the sports fields, the lack of sufficient and suitable space for the fields. Depending on the sports field and the number of students, they have fully felt the lack of security during sports activities and have experienced the injuries and problems that have occurred. According to Maslow's Pyramid Of Needs, the need for security is one of the most basic and important basic needs of every human being. So, students need a safe and risk-free environment to increase their interest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

361 - Geometrical Analysis and Numerical proportions in the decorations and physical composition of Pir Bakran mausoleum
Sajad Alizadeh Kafeshani Seyyedeh Marzieh Tabaeeyan

Pir Bakran Mausoleum is the Tomb of Mohammad Ibn Bakran, one of the ascetics of Sofia which high ceiling is a link between the old man of wisdom and the sky. Pir Bakran Mausoleum is located in the city of the same name, 25 kilometers southwest of Isfahan. The tomb is on More

Pir Bakran Mausoleum is the Tomb of Mohammad Ibn Bakran, one of the ascetics of Sofia which high ceiling is a link between the old man of wisdom and the sky. Pir Bakran Mausoleum is located in the city of the same name, 25 kilometers southwest of Isfahan. The tomb is one of the works of El-Jaito period (Soltan Mohammad Khodabandeh) and is located near the old Jewish cemetery of Isfahan and the holy Jewish cemetery (Astrakhaton). According to the inscriptions, Pir Bakran tomb was built between the years 703 (the year of Mohammad bin Bakran's death) and 712 AH. This building is one of the masterpieces of Ilkhani architecture. In the physical structure and decorations of this building, plasterwork with various plant motifs, tile decorations, moqrans and wall paintings have been taken. These decorations have been used to form a variety of plant, geometric, written and composite motifs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the wisdom of the origin of geometry and decorations in the Pir bakran tomb based on an analysis from the perspective of the Qur'an and traditions, the symbology of geometric shapes, the wisdom of the numbers used in the tomb based on the science of letters. This research tries to answer these questions: 1- In which parts of the building and in what form did semantic decorations and geometry appear? 2- What messages do the decorations and geometrical shapes in different parts of Pir bakran tomb carry? The research method is qualitative and descriptive-analytical based on library studies, documents and field studies of Pir bakran tomb inscriptions. The steps of the research method are as follows: first, field visits were made to the building and the construction periods of different parts of the building were separated; After that, the geometry of the spaces was evaluated and an attempt was made to understand the wisdom of their architecture by analyzing them. Also, by using the science of numbers and alphabets, an attempt was made to find a logical connection between the spaces. By analyzing the concepts of the inscriptions, an attempt was made to express their wisdom; Also, by studying the old photos and old maps prepared by Ernst Herzfeld and comparing it with the current situation, the restored and filled parts for the protection of the building were identified. The results of the research show that the concepts and meanings are in the form of geometry (such as turning a square into a circle), religious forms in the majority of blue sun and crucifix tiles, linear decorations and the use of divine verses and plant plasters, related to the use of each part of the building has emerged. The use of sacred numbers (4, 9 and 11), symbols and religious forms in the spatial and physical formation of the building has caused a spiritual connection between the earthly world (material) and light (spiritual) and the architecture of the shrine tries to reach the essence of earthly man. To display the sacredness of the Lord, which is the main goal of dervishes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

362 - Evaluation of Functional Efficiency of Space in Architecture of Two-Sided Houses Built in the First Pahlavi of Shiraz(Case Study: Razmjoo and Mostaghni Houses)
Fatemeh Kakaei Tahereh Nasr Hadi Keshmiri Hamed Moztarzadeh

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1998742.1104

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate func More

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

363 - Reading architecture of nomads from the perspective of semiotics based on the originality of meaning(Research case: temporary settlements of Qashqai tribe)
Mahsa Razzaghi Minoo Laffafchi

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1994428.1095

The present research has studied the architecture of nomads with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning. Architecture as a meaning is a reflection of ideas and values that to understand and receive its meanings, one should seek help from the science of More

The present research has studied the architecture of nomads with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning. Architecture as a meaning is a reflection of ideas and values that to understand and receive its meanings, one should seek help from the science of signs, and since this science originates from philosophy, then it should be read from a philosophical point of view. be decoded. The science of semiotics and semantics are closely related to each other today. Basically, the sign represents semantic concepts; While the meaning can be seen in the sign. It is the same in the field of architectural knowledge, and for a better understanding of the relationship between architecture and the science of semiotics, it is necessary to pay attention to these two sciences and the relationship between them. But the most important category in the field of semantics is to pay attention to different levels of meanings, which in this research were divided into three types of explicit, implicit and symbolic meanings. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the coding of signs was used after layering the residential complex in five levels of construction, environment, access, physical-functional and landscape, and then each part was analyzed separately at different levels of meaning. took Basically, nomadic architecture itself is composed of various layers that convey signs in the form of meanings and concepts to the observer and observer through the layers. It seems that the art of nomadic architecture in the design of tents and the creation of sometimes temporary residences; It is formed with the principles of semiotics, especially based on the originality of meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prove the existence of signs in the residential complex of nomadic people based on the originality of meaning in nomadic architecture. In order to achieve this goal, questions are raised as to why it is necessary to study nomadic settlements and on what basis they are analyzed from a semiotic point of view. The research method of this research is of the theoretical type, which used the descriptive-analytical and historical method with qualitative variables and logical and philosophical reasoning in the data collection stage. to compile analyses; The generalities and structures of the studied collection have been made in the five systems of text creation, and by analyzing them, the concepts and signs used in them have been obtained, and then by coding and classifying the concepts in three semantic levels, explicit and implicit. and symbolic; has been extracted. Therefore, since the subject under discussion is studying the design of temporary settlements of nomadic tribes in Iran, the Qashqai nomadic tribe has been chosen due to having suitable conditions for coding. The results of the research indicate that temporary nomadic settlements, in addition to paying attention to the desired functional aspects in design, have tried to reflect spiritual and aesthetic concepts in the form of residential architecture. Therefore, it can be seen that in the architecture of nomadic tribes, the presence of signs and meanings hidden in them have been used to design temporary settlements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

364 - Presenting Proposed Rural Housing Schemes According to Developed Patterns of Vernacular Houses in Guilan Region
Sahar Bashirzadeh Jamalledin Soheili Farshad Mafakher

Nowadays, building houses with vernacular style method does not seem to be used anymore in rural area. However, some still remain by slight changes in their architecture. The purpose of this study is to review and document developing vernacular patterns of houses in the More

Nowadays, building houses with vernacular style method does not seem to be used anymore in rural area. However, some still remain by slight changes in their architecture. The purpose of this study is to review and document developing vernacular patterns of houses in the village along with providing proposed plans adapting these changes. According to applied purpose of the article which maintain vernacular style in rural area a descriptive-analytical method has been utilized obtaining initial data, current plans and modification of houses through library-documentary and field studies. In this study five houses with a common initial pattern were targeted by purposeful and non-probabilistic selection among 20 vernacular houses in Toularoud Bala village in the period of years 2019-2021. Possible patterns and modified houses were analyzed through space syntax and its factors. Space syntax theory has been utilized for analyzing data. By comparative comparison of the space syntax factors on characteristics of vernacular houses, some proposed patterns were selected and presented while preserving the vernacular feature of the houses through conductive reasoning. Results indicate that modified vernacular houses reserving characteristics of shallow-depth(level: 1) and high-integration of the porch (average rate:7) and by porch being located in the first layer of the house(layer 1-2) match with vernacular features of their prototype. Proposed developmental patterns of the vernacular house which are presented in accordance with the residents` needs could replace the new urban construction patterns for constructing housing for the villagers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

365 - Application of climatic components in locating and design of mountainous hotel in Germi township, Ardabil Province
Vahid Safariyan-Zengir Raoof Mostafazadeh Mahdi Ghanbari-Ghanbarloo

Conservation of environment and the needs of future generations along with utilization of free energies, has become a necessity and considered as a sustainable concept in most fields of science and technologies. Sustainable development and consequently, sustainable arch More

Conservation of environment and the needs of future generations along with utilization of free energies, has become a necessity and considered as a sustainable concept in most fields of science and technologies. Sustainable development and consequently, sustainable architecture is considered in consistent residential development with the natural surrounding environment. So the aim of this study is to effect of climatic factor in locating and design of mountainous hotel in Germi township. In this study, climatic and environmental components considering a sustainable architecture is employed to locate and design of mountainous hotel in Germi Township, Ardabil. In this regard, the Meteorology data in the period 2004 to 2014 were obtained from Germi Meteorological station. The climate, topography, social and cultural status, and environmental factors were used in locating and designing of the study site. According to the results of climatic data into site selection and designing the suitable location for mountainous hotel, the highest average air temperature was observed in summer season (25.6 Celsius degree), and the highest amount precipitation, relative humidity and frost days is occurred in winter season. Determining the climate conditions can be considered as an important factor in welfare of building residents, according to interaction of cliamtic factors and architecture. Since, the sunshine provides natural light and heat, thus, it can be consider as the most important climatic variable in design of buildings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

366 - Investigating the Status of Landscape Architecture Theories of the World in the Professional Landscape Architecture Projects of Iran
Mehdi Khakzand koorosh Aghabozorgi

By studying theories and approaches regarding landscape, this study analyzes, prioritizes, and evaluates landscapes and investigates their positions in the professional architecture projects of contemporary landscapes in Iran. In this regard, the current theories will b More

By studying theories and approaches regarding landscape, this study analyzes, prioritizes, and evaluates landscapes and investigates their positions in the professional architecture projects of contemporary landscapes in Iran. In this regard, the current theories will be classified into six approaches: concept and meaning, aesthetic, social-cultural, nature and ecology, designing, form, function, planning and the process of designing and they will be analyzed accordingly. It should be noted that this study will be carried out at two levels; at the qualitative method level which is based on the grounded theory that analyzes theories by encoding concepts. At the second level, a comparative approach is used in which the extracted criteria from level one will be evaluated in the contemporary landscape architecture of Iran. The results suggest that there are some drawbacks regarding the aforementioned categories in the professional architecture projects of landscape in the country, in a way that in issues such as connecting landscape with architecture, perceiving landscape, flexibility and planning landscape no attempt has been ever made, but the cases of patterns, symbols, tradition, order and geometry are going to be investigated favorably. Therefore, by making effort to compensate for the mentioned shortcomings we can have a considerable development in all of the cited dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

367 - Comparative Study of Valiasr and Tarbiat Walk Ways in Tabriz in terms of Walking Oriented Components
Abolfazl Ghanbari Elham Hadi Elnaz Hadi

Walking was considered as the main form of movement of people inside residential areas because of its low cost or simple accessibility for all classes of people. This trend was forgotten following industrial revolution and domination of vehicles in cities. The metropoli More

Walking was considered as the main form of movement of people inside residential areas because of its low cost or simple accessibility for all classes of people. This trend was forgotten following industrial revolution and domination of vehicles in cities. The metropolitan of Tabriz is not as exception from this rule and domination of driving spaces has limited presence of citizens in urban spaces where negligence of pedestrians’ demands is an important dilemma. The objective of the present study is to compare the walk ways of Tarbiat and Valiasr in terms of walking centeredness components. This study is conducted using descriptive analytic method and is an applied research where data and documental information were collected applying a survey method. Sampling in Tarbiat and Valiasr walk ways was performed using Cochran formula using random sampling in 2015. This study used elite and specialist ideas to determine the validity and also KMO test was used to test the reliability of the study which was higher than 0.50 in both Tarbiat and Valiasr walk ways. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using factor analysis. The results of this study indicated that 5 factors of “services accessibility”, “security situation”, “facilities of walk way”, “environmental utility” and “attractiveness and aesthetics of walk way” are the most effective factors in defining walking centeredness in these walk ways. The results also indicated that service accessibility with 25.14% and security situation with 20.48% are at desirable level in Tarbiat walk way, and facilities of walkway with 25.26% and environmental utility with 21.40% are at desirable level in Valiasr walkway from the perspectives of the participants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

368 - Investigating and Analyzing the Place of the Ghulam in the Political and Social Structure of the Safavid Government.
َAlireza Moslemi Feizollah Boushasb Gousheh Sholouhsadat Arabi hashemi

The position of the Safavid government in the development of architecture, art, military affairs, and security is not hidden from anyone. The important point in these developments is to what extent the slaves contributed to these developments. Slaves in this study are t More

The position of the Safavid government in the development of architecture, art, military affairs, and security is not hidden from anyone. The important point in these developments is to what extent the slaves contributed to these developments. Slaves in this study are the special slaves of the government in the Safavid period through which the Safavids consolidated their power. They were slaves who in Safavid historiography were usually referred to as neo-Muslim Christians who were called Shah Doost. The master-slave model, which began during the reign of Shah Tahmasb I, became the most effective tool during the reign of Shah Abbas I to maintain the power of the monarchy against the style of tribal rule. Shah Abbas supported the slaves in order to create a rift in the tribal structure and in return demanded unconditional loyalty from them. The question of the research is what role did slaves play in the structure of Safavid sectarianism, society, architecture, art, and trade, and the hypothesis is that given that the power of slaves was due to the Safavids' sincerity to the Safavid king always in the work of security and They worked hard to spread architecture, art, and trade. This article examines the role of slaves in the Safavid rule according to the available sources in the form of a library. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

369 - Research on the beauty of the architecture of the Safavid era from tourists’s Viewpoint: The Five important buildings of Isfahan in the Safavid era
samaneh emami koupaei

Isfahan was the arena for the emergence of Artistic effort of Architects, during the capital of the Safavid dynasty. Many of the scholars believe that this effort have been able to create such beautiful and meaningful works that, have excited the admiration of Iranian a More

Isfahan was the arena for the emergence of Artistic effort of Architects, during the capital of the Safavid dynasty. Many of the scholars believe that this effort have been able to create such beautiful and meaningful works that, have excited the admiration of Iranian and non-Iranian audiences, in different periods. Among the people who described the beauty of these works, were tourists who visited these buildings from the 10th to the Pahlavi era and wrote their aesthetic experiences in their Travelogue. So, one of the most important sources for Reaching the beauty components in these works of art is the descriptive reports of these tourists, which can help us to better understand the architectural beauty of that era. The aim of this research is to study the beauty components of architecture of the Safavid era from foreign tourists’s Viewpoint. In this regard, this research has selected the five important buildings of the Safavid era of Isfahan as a research sample, and, using a historical interpretation method, that with library documents, explores the elements of the architecture of the Safavid era. The results of the interpretations indicate that the components such as, astonishment, admiration, magnificence, thinking and logic, order and attention to the ornamentation are the common points that tourists have expressed about the studied examples. Manuscript profile

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370 - The Situation of Architecture in Sasanian Era and Its Difference with The Architecture of Achaemenid Era
Mehdi Ramezani amirteymour rafiei hossein mohammadi

The architecture of Sasanian era is, in fact, continuation and development of Parthian architecture and, at the same time, reminiscent of Achaemenid architecture. By the formation of Sasanian empire, Iran’s society began to thrive, and by articulation of a precise More

The architecture of Sasanian era is, in fact, continuation and development of Parthian architecture and, at the same time, reminiscent of Achaemenid architecture. By the formation of Sasanian empire, Iran’s society began to thrive, and by articulation of a precise, effective plan regarding urban development, architecture, and industrialization of the society, it absorbed the attention of civilized Roman and Hellenistic world. The culture and art of Sasanian followed those of Achaemenid and Parthian. Sasanians tried to catch up with the Achaemenid culture. They showed their hegemony relative to prior eras in the arts of architecture, sculpture, plastering, and building domical arches as well as pillarless, vast halls. In architecture, reliefs, and sculptures of Sasanian era, differences and similarities, particularly in the topic and content, are seen compared to those of Achaemenid era. Sasanian dynasty founder, Ardashir I was the governor of Darabgerd, Pars before taking the throne and founded it and Gaur city, also known as Firuzabad, circularly based on the traditional architecture of Parthian era. In this article conducted with analytical-descriptive method, questions like “what were the building method, materials, and functions of buildings in Sasanian era?” and “what was its difference with Achaemenid architecture?” will be answered. Manuscript profile

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371 - Companion of Water and Fire in Religious Monuments of Sassanid Era
Paria Davachi Kamal-Aldin Niknami Sajjad Alibaigi

Studies show that the Sasanian fire temples tend to be near water resources, such as rivers, springs, and streams. However, the necessity of its existence in fire temple’s surrounding could not be confirmed certainly but by studying the locations of fire temples w More

Studies show that the Sasanian fire temples tend to be near water resources, such as rivers, springs, and streams. However, the necessity of its existence in fire temple’s surrounding could not be confirmed certainly but by studying the locations of fire temples we realize that most of them are built near or at a short distance from water sources, or in some cases, there is a building near fire temples to praise water. Despite the lack of information on describing the architecture of the fire temples in Avesta, the most important source of Zoroastrianism, we juxtaposed its description of Anahita, places, and homes with the architecture of religious places from the Sassanian period that is known. The current study aims to answer the question: did the building of fire temples next to the water sources have religious reasons or not? This study intends to investigate why the fire temples were built near water sources through documentary research methods and by citing archaeological evidence. It may be depicted that in the majority of the cases, no monument used to be built for praising water, and the ritual was held near the water sources. From this view, the proximity of constructing fire temples to the water resources was an illustration of religious justifications for selecting the location of fire temples and their proximity to the water sources. Manuscript profile

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372 - A look at the relationship between proportions in the system of creation and architectural proportions in Islamic monuments of Iran
Majid Taheri Demneh Aboozar Majlesi Koopayi Shirin Toghyani

Proportion is the relationship between dimensions, and in the visual arts it implies a proper relationship between components with each other and with the totality formed by the components. In addition to the relationship between dimensions, there are qualitative or, in More

Proportion is the relationship between dimensions, and in the visual arts it implies a proper relationship between components with each other and with the totality formed by the components. In addition to the relationship between dimensions, there are qualitative or, in other words, appropriate proportions in place of the system of creation and in human constructions. Justice at the level of the system of existence means a kind of balance and proportion in the system of existence and the placement of everything in its place, which is the same qualitative proportion, which is also called developmental justice. In this regard, by studying the concepts and examples of quantitative and qualitative proportions as well as theories related to Islamic art in a descriptive-analytical method and with logical reasoning, it was concluded that quantitative and qualitative proportions as a manifestation of God's goodness in creatures. It is found and then perceived by the artist and its reflection is manifested in human works, including architecture. The divine goodness that is manifested in the creatures manifested in art in the form of geometry, proportions, harmony, rhythm, balance, etc., is expressed by the artist. In architecture, geometry and proportions represent the divine justice and destiny and the manifestation of his goodness, which the artist has reflected. Justice in architecture and urban planning is interpreted as comprehensive and all-encompassing balance and proportion, that is, quantitative proportions and qualitative relations, and observance of proportion means beauty in its true sense. Manuscript profile

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373 - A Systematic Approach to Sensitivity Analysis of Fault Tolerant Systems in NMR Architecture
Kourosh Aslansefat Gholamreza Latif Shabgahi

A fault tree illustrates the ways through which a system fails. It states different ways in which combination of faulty components result in an undesired event in the system. Being used in phases such as designing and exploiting industrial systems, and the designers abl More

A fault tree illustrates the ways through which a system fails. It states different ways in which combination of faulty components result in an undesired event in the system. Being used in phases such as designing and exploiting industrial systems, and the designers able to evaluate the dependability attributes such as reliability, MTTF and sensitivity. In addition, in the mentioned ability, the fault tree is a systematic method for finding systems bottlenecks and weakness point. In spite of its extensive use in evaluating the reliability of systems, fault tree is rarely used in calculating sensitivity. In the last decade, few researches has been conducted in this field, however these methods are not applicable to large scale systems and are not systematic. This paper provides a systematic method for evaluating system sensitivity through fault tree. Then, it introduces sensitivity of NMR architecture as one of the common structures of fault tolerance which is used for enhancing systems’ reliability, safety and availability in industry. This article presents a comprehensive and parameterized formula for NMR structure's sensitivity. The presented method can be a great help for designing and exploiting reliable systems engineers in systematic and instant calculation of sensitivity by means of fault tree. Manuscript profile

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374 - Presenting a model for evaluating of the Alignment and convergence of enterprise architecture of Sports and Youth headquarters, Mazandaran Province
Somayye Abolhasan Zade Zoeram Mohammad hami vahid Shojaei

This study aimed to investigate the enterprise architecture (EA) of the status quo at the Sports and Youth General Directorate (SYGD), Mazandaran Province, in order to present a model of desirable situation. Today, enterprise architecture is one of the most practical en More

This study aimed to investigate the enterprise architecture (EA) of the status quo at the Sports and Youth General Directorate (SYGD), Mazandaran Province, in order to present a model of desirable situation. Today, enterprise architecture is one of the most practical enterprise solutions for aligning strategic of the information technology with enterprise business and also is powerful tool for organizing complex information systems. This research applied a descriptive-survey method based on quantitative and qualitative analysis using documentary and Delphi methods. The statistical population (n =148) of this study consisted of all managers, deputies and employees of Mazandaran SYGD, who were on occupation during 2018. After distributing 148 questionnaires, 140 available questionnaires were obtained, so the sample size was 140 people. Data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire, Includes 7 questions. The reliability coefficient was 0.88 by Cronbach's alpha. The Delphi documentation and methodology has been done with an adaptive approach by using spss software for data analysis. The results show that the status quo is moderate in most of qualitative features of alignment and convergence and requires improvements. Therefore, a new service-based model was designed to draw the future status, which was evaluated using the Delphi method. Manuscript profile

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375 - Manifestation of aesthetics of Isfahan philosophical school in the sacred architecture of Safavid mosques (Case study: Imam Mosque of Isfahan)
maryam davarzani amir akbari seyed sina taghavi

With the formation of the Safavid government, the ground was prepared for the expansion of philosophical schools. During this period, the philosophical school of Isfahan, which was founded by prominent personalities such as Mulla Sadra, was formed and completed all the More

With the formation of the Safavid government, the ground was prepared for the expansion of philosophical schools. During this period, the philosophical school of Isfahan, which was founded by prominent personalities such as Mulla Sadra, was formed and completed all the doctrinal foundations of its previous philosophers. During this period, the presence of Mulla Sadra and the founders of this school in the city of Isfahan paved the way for the formation of a flourishing period of wisdom and philosophy. On the other hand, the Safavid era was one of the most significant periods in showing the connection between architecture and philosophical schools, which has greatly influenced the foundations of the philosophical school of Isfahan and has created the most magnificent architecture compared to previous eras, which is definitely the highest expression in space. The mosque has appeared. Therefore, the present study tries to answer the question, what effect has the ideas of Mulla Sadra as the most prominent figure of the Isfahan school had on the aesthetics of Safavid architecture? And how did this effect become physical? In this regard, using the historical descriptive-analytical method, first to study the philosophical school of Isfahan, Mulla Sadra's aesthetic foundations and then how it affects the sacred architecture of the Safavid mosque. Manuscript profile

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376 - صحت پیش‌بینی ژنومی تحت معماری‌های ژنتیکی و روش‌های برآورد متفاوت
ع. عاطفی ع.ا. شادپرور ن. قوی حسین-زاده

صحت پیش‌بینی ارزش‌های اصلاحی ژنومی در سطوح مختلف اندازه جمعیت مرجع، وراثت‌پذیری صفت و تعداد QTL مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پنج روش بیزی شامل رگرسیون ریدج بیزی، بیز A، بیز B، بیز C و بیز لزو برای برآورد اثرات نشانگری طی 27 سناریو حاصل از ترکیب سه سطح وراثت‌پذیری (1/0، 3/0 و 5 More

صحت پیش‌بینی ارزش‌های اصلاحی ژنومی در سطوح مختلف اندازه جمعیت مرجع، وراثت‌پذیری صفت و تعداد QTL مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پنج روش بیزی شامل رگرسیون ریدج بیزی، بیز A، بیز B، بیز C و بیز لزو برای برآورد اثرات نشانگری طی 27 سناریو حاصل از ترکیب سه سطح وراثت‌پذیری (1/0، 3/0 و 5/0)، اندازه جمعیت مرجع (600، 1000 و 1600) و تعداد QTL (50، 100 و 150) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یک مدل جایگاه ژنی محدود برای شبیه‌سازی تصادفی یک جمعیت تاریخی شامل 100 حیوان در 100 نسل اول مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. طی 100 نسل بعدی اندازه جمعیت به تدریج به 1000 فرد افزایش یافت. سپس افراد نسل‌های 201 و 202 که دارای اطلاعات ژنوتیپی و فنوتیپی معلوم بودند به عنوان افراد جمعیت مرجع در نظر گرفته شده و نسل 203 و 204 بعنوان جمعیت تأیید لحاظ شدند. ژنوم شامل 5 کروموزوم هر کدام به طول 100 سانتی‌مورگان و 500 نشانگر چند‌شکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی بود که به صورت تصادفی در سطح کروموزوم‌ها توزیع شده بودند. QTL‌ها و نشانگرها دو آللی بودند. در تحقیق حاضر، وراثت‌پذیری اثر معنی‌دار مثبتی بر صحت داشت (001/0P<). با افزایش اندازه جمعیت مرجع میانگین صحت برآورد ژنومی از 03/0 + 64/0 به 04/0 + 70/0 افزایش یافت (001/0P<). صحت برآوردها به صورت غیر خطی به افزایش تعداد QTL عکس‌ العمل نشان داد. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار صحت روش‌های بیزی به ترتیب 05/0 + 84/0 و 04/0 + 40/0 بود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که داشتن مقدار اطلاعات زیاد (وراثت‌پذیری بالا به عنوان مشارکت بیشتر ژن‌ها در واریانس فنوتیپی و جمعیت مرجع بزرگتر) منجر به صحت‌های بالاتر در تمام روش‌های برآورد استفاده شده می‌شود. Manuscript profile

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377 - Comparative Study of Climate-Compatible Architecture Components of New and Old Constructions in Yazd
sayeh omidvari Somayeh omidvari

10.30495/uf.2022.1954365.1027

Traditional architecture in hot and dry climates has been successful in achieving harmony between housing and the environment. Architecture in such areas is a manifestation of climate-friendly architecture that has been formed to provide comfort conditions. This study i More

Traditional architecture in hot and dry climates has been successful in achieving harmony between housing and the environment. Architecture in such areas is a manifestation of climate-friendly architecture that has been formed to provide comfort conditions. This study investigates the components of climate-compatible architecture in the construction of old and new in Yazd. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its statistical population consists of 50 experts in urban planning and management that the whole community has been selected as the sample size. Regression coefficients have been used to analyze the data and SWOT method has been used to formulate strategies. Findings show that urban spaces in the old context of Yazd city are in accordance with the practical principles of climate design. The general principles of design in the old context of Yazd have had a great impact on moderating the harsh climatic conditions in the old context of this city. According to the studies, weaknesses and strengths with coefficients of 9.05 and 7.63 have the highest amount and points of opportunities and threats with coefficients of 7.01 and 6.074 have the lowest value. As a result, the compatibility of constructions in the new context of Yazd city with the climatic situation of this city is facing numerous weaknesses. Accordingly, this study has developed strategies in this regard. Manuscript profile

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378 - A study of design indicators on energy consumption in traditional Iranian homes (Case study: Shiraz houses)
tara heidari orojloo afshin ghorbani param faramarz hassanpour

10.30495/uf.2023.1973381.1060

Today, with the expansion of cities and the growth of the population and the consequent construction, the need and crisis of energy consumption, environmental pollution and its high economic costs, the use of climate solutions and solar energy to reduce energy consumpti More

Today, with the expansion of cities and the growth of the population and the consequent construction, the need and crisis of energy consumption, environmental pollution and its high economic costs, the use of climate solutions and solar energy to reduce energy consumption has become an integral part of the energy issue. Is . The present study aims to investigate design indicators on energy consumption in traditional houses. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose; And the collection of information was realized by two library and field methods. The statistical population of the research is made up of 17,089 members of the architecture department of Fars Province Engineering System Organization living in Shiraz. Of these, 384 people were selected using Morgan's table. Information was collected using a questionnaire. All statistical analysis was done using Spss software. After examining the architectural indicators of traditional houses) use of water, maximum use of wind, use of light, provision of coolness with shade, use of green space, proportions and composition of architectural elements, materials, sustainable architectural design of spaces, orientation Building and organizing spaces (and solutions for climate architecture and active energy) (orientation and optimal form, thermal conductivity capacity of walls, shade and light-transmitting walls, etc.) Traditional houses designed climate-compatible housing that can provide maximum thermal comfort for residents and reduce energy consumption. Manuscript profile

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379 - The meaning of identity and physical identity in architectural works (with analysis the Iran historical architecture)
maziar sardari leila zare Avideh talaei vahid ghobadian

10.30495/uf.2023.1991341.1137

The city appearance, represents human civilization and culture. The architecture that represents it, should have values that lead the society to identity. Values that have faded in most of the contemporary cities and they are nothing but huge buildings, parks and office More

The city appearance, represents human civilization and culture. The architecture that represents it, should have values that lead the society to identity. Values that have faded in most of the contemporary cities and they are nothing but huge buildings, parks and offices. In other words, does not take place the space perception, and as time passes, this crisis increases. Today's technology-oriented world, has changed the cities appearance and their bodies have taken on a different appearance. The body of cities, as the first architecture element that is in visual communication with the people, nowadays does not interact with the audience and plays a lesser role. This research with a qualitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach, with a library study, will be achieve the concept of identity and identitarian architecture and then with field observations of historical architecture, referring to ancient documents and texts, physical identity elements are introduced. The results show that the identity and architectural identity of this soil is related to the rich history and culture and it’s important to knowing the physical elements of Iran historical architectural styles. In the following, two important styles of Iranian architecture will be introduced and their physical characteristics will be extracted and introduced. Manuscript profile

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380 - Identifying and prioritizing the characteristics of Shiraz traditional houses with the (AHP) method
tara heidari orojloo afshin ghorbani param faramarz hassanpour

10.30495/uf.2023.2002665.1161

The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a suitable model of housing design in line with the use of solar energy and climatic and spatial elements of the traditional architecture of Shiraz houses. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and More

The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a suitable model of housing design in line with the use of solar energy and climatic and spatial elements of the traditional architecture of Shiraz houses. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose; And the collection of information was realized from both library and field methods. In this regard, after library studies, interviews with 5 people who are experts in the field of architecture and after extracting indicators, models for contemporary housing were presented. providing coolness with shade, use of green spaces, proportions and composition of architectural elements, materials, sustainable architectural design of spaces, building orientation and organization of spaces (and climate architecture and active energy solutions) (optimal orientation and form, thermal conductivity capacity of walls, shade and light-transmitting walls, etc.), energy calculations and modernizing these indicators (using the central courtyard (atrium), creating an opening above the stairs, movable shades, fixed and porous shades, 3-pane glass with argon middle gas, using Leica block and ....) The results indicate that with the optimal models presented, it is possible to design a climate-compatible home that can provide maximum thermal comfort for the residents and reduce energy consumption. Manuscript profile

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381 - Efficient Reverse Converter for Three Modules Set {2^n-1,2^(n+1)-1,2^n} in Multi-Part RNS
Shiva TaghipourEivazi

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382 - A Reference Architecture for Automation of Inter-Organizational Process-Oriented Collaboration
Mohammad Reza Mollahoseini Ardakani Seyyed Mohsen Hashemi Mohammadreza Razzazi

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383 - Low Complexity Converter for the Moduli Set {2^n+1,2^n-1,2^n} in Two-Part Residue Number System
Shiva Taghipour

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384 - Selecting an Architecture Style Using Fuzzy Cubic Spline on in Style-based Systems
Hamidreza Hasannejad Marzooni Homayun Motameni Ali Ebrahimnejad

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385 - A New Hierarchical Architecture Based on SVM for Persian License Plate Character Recognition
Amir Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh Abolghasem A. Raie

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386 - An Analytical algorithm of component-Based Heterogeneous Software Architectural Styles performance prediction
Golnaz Aghaee Ghazvini Sima Emadi

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387 - Packet Reordering Algorithms in Multi-core Network Processors
Abolfazl Akbari Mohammad Karim Sohrabi Pourya Khodabandeh

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388 - A New Look at Unique Characteristics of Iran's Rock-Cut Architecture Settlements (Case Study: The World Heritage Site of Meymand Village, Shahre Babak)
M. Mangeli R. Abouei F. Mehdizadeh Saradj

the rock-cut architecture settlement is an essential yet little known type of vernacular architecture whose nature is different from what we understand by the term “architecture”. Since common building materials are not used in this architecture and it enjoy More

the rock-cut architecture settlement is an essential yet little known type of vernacular architecture whose nature is different from what we understand by the term “architecture”. Since common building materials are not used in this architecture and it enjoys a different process of creation, rock-cut architecture seems rather contradictory compared to other types of vernacular architecture. Building space through hollowing out solid rock is the most essential skill used in this architecture. Iran hosts valuable examples of rock-cut architecture with religious, funeral, service, and residential functions. Cold regions of the country host the majority of rock-cut houses and settlements since their architectural framework is compatible with harsh climatic conditions. This research seeks to answer the question what differentiates the rock-cut architecture from other types of vernacular architecture. To recognize the unique characteristics of rock-cut architecture, the researchers chose Meymand village as the largest complex of rock-cut houses. A total number of 60 buildings were selected in an experimental process, and their lesser-studied characteristics, including design, livelihood and environmental ones were studied. A comparison of these characteristics with similar characteristics of traditional architecture reveals dramatic differences between them. The findings in the area of special climatic design standards and technologies not only give us a better insight into the rock-cut architecture but also contribute to set some standards for design and construction of rock-cut buildings in the present era. Manuscript profile

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389 - Determining Tourism Priorities and Investment in selected Rural Tourism Sites in Northwest Guilan
Shahram AmirEntekhabi Reza Veissy Mojgan Sababkar Saeed Mahmoodinya

Abstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is cons More

Abstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is considered as a necessary approach to the process leading to uniform and sustainable development of rural areas and prevention of waste of time and money. In this research instances rural touristic areas in west Guilan are prioritized for tourism development and investment. To do this a descriptive-analytic approach is used along with 29 criteria, 11 of which concerning natural and human attractions, 5 regarding tourists attracting domain, and 9 involving authorized and programmable land area. Findings resulted from analytical hierarchy process (AHP) demonstrated that Lisar area, as a selected touristic site, was ranked as number one for tourism planning and development. This is because of the beautiful beach and historical sites in Lisar, its artificial, cultural and social attractions, as well as the touristic route with beautiful scenery. Esteel lagoon, regarded as having natural and human attractions such as lagoon, lake, penetrable forest, historical sites and social and cultural attractions stands second for tourism planning and development. Touristic village of Guisoom, being a part of Talesh county, with sand beach, forest route, and artificial and natural attractions achieved a rating of three for tourism planning and development Manuscript profile

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390 - Investigating the Conformity of Dismantling Principles with Guilan Rural Vernacular Architecture
Seyed Mehdi Amirkiaei Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadmehdi Raeis Samiei

The dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of ver More

The dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of vernacular architecture in some regions shows similar principles in the structure of buildings with the principle of dismantling. A kind of vernacular architecture exists in northern Iran and in Guilan province. Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has its own unique structural and formal features whose its components are capable of dismantling due to the run technique ,type of fittings and proper materials. The purpose of this research is to define the dismantling, principles, objectives and its benefits as well as the investigation of Guilan rural vernacular architecture and its constituent structures and the degree of adaptability of this architecture to dismantling method. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Based on library and documentary studies and collecting field information, the data will be collected and analyzed.The statistical population includes rural vernacular houses of Guilan and sample size is some selected buildings chosen by targeted selection technique. The results of analyzes show that Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has the ability to dismantle due to the implementation technique, the use of fittings and appropriate materials and conforms to the principles of dismantling Manuscript profile

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391 - The Role of Environment and Livelihoods in the formation of Vernacular Houses in the Area of Talesh.
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Dogaheh Hossein Soltanzadeh Javad Shekari Nayerri Teimour Amar

The study of the role of the environment and habitat in the formation of vernacular houses in Talesh is the subject of this research. The importance of this issue is because that there is not still enough research on the architecture of this area. The aim of this study More

The study of the role of the environment and habitat in the formation of vernacular houses in Talesh is the subject of this research. The importance of this issue is because that there is not still enough research on the architecture of this area. The aim of this study is to understand how the environment and livelihood affect the architecture of houses. the main question of this research is that what is the role of environmental factors and the type of livelihood in the formation of houses in this region? Research method is descriptive and analytical and the data collection has been done in the form of field and documentary.The direct variables are the environment and livelihood and the architecture of vernacular houses is the dependent variable in the research. The statistical population is Talesh area and the sampling method is quota. The results of the research shows that the number of service spaces outside the building in foothills are more than the plain and the mountainous but the extent and the space of the area in the plain houses are higher than the foothills and mountains. The average floor area of the ground floor in the total area in the plain area is more than foothills and mountains but the average area of the porch and first floor spaces in the plain is more than the foothills and mountains and the average space of livestock spaces and warehouses in the mountains are more than the plains and foothills, respectively. Manuscript profile

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392 - An Analysis in Explaining the Concepts of Vernacular Architecture Based on the Understanding of Environmental Residents Relying on Gadamer Thoughts (Case Study: Old Texture of Bushehr)
mohammad ali rahimi bagher karimi

The vernacular architecture provides a general understanding of the audience with complex aspects, Caused by different interpretations and definitions. Researches show that environmental residents 'understanding of the concepts of vernacular architecture that are essent More

The vernacular architecture provides a general understanding of the audience with complex aspects, Caused by different interpretations and definitions. Researches show that environmental residents 'understanding of the concepts of vernacular architecture that are essential to residents' satisfaction and the preservation of quality environmental values and environmental policy-making has not received much attention. To this end, in this paper, Gadamer's ideas on understanding (understanding as agreement, application, and audience positioning) are addressed to realize residents' understanding of time and place. These concepts have been explained by qualitative research method and analytical-descriptive approach and content analysis and then their priorities have been evaluated by survey-descriptive method. The information obtained from the library and Internet studies includes books, documents, papers, and research by other internal and external researchers and to analyze data from Excel and Spss software and then to prioritize the component. The analytical hierarchy process) AHP (of Expert Choice software was used. According to the results of this study, the most important concept of the 8 criteria explained in the old texture of Bushehr is human needs. The natural environment, culture, and community, form, and effect of indigenous architecture, technology, economics, time, lack of theoretical knowledge background are the next priorities, respectively. These concepts are suggested to designers and planners for the preservation and development of vernacular architecture in the context. Manuscript profile

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393 - Analytical study of native architecture in order to provide livability indicators (study area: Amlash city)
alireza Padashi Amlashi Homa Irani Behbahani Mojghan Khakpour alireza bandarabad

The aim of this study was to present housing viability indices with an analytical study of the native architecture of Amlash city. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and qualitative research. The statistical population studied in More

The aim of this study was to present housing viability indices with an analytical study of the native architecture of Amlash city. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and qualitative research. The statistical population studied in this study is the residents of Amlash city, whose population according to the 2016 census of Iran is 15444 people. The sampling method is random and to estimate the sample size of Cochran's formula and 374 samples. In order to analyze the collected data, regression t-test and resonance fitness tests were used in SPSS software. To analyze the results of the questionnaire, statistical test T was used. The test results show that according to the citizens of Amlash, the environmental dimension has a higher priority due to the difference from the very low and negative average of 0.6002, as well as the special value obtained for it at the rate of 5.2, which is more than other dimensions. To lay the foundation for the viability of housing with the native architectural patterns of Amlash. Economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions have a direct impact on the viability of urban housing with the formal patterns of indigenous architecture of Amlash city due to the amount of beta coefficients and significant results obtained. The cause of the negative beta coefficients and the lack of significance were lacking. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

394 - A Genealogical Look at the Concept of Nature and the Manifestation of its Presence in the Architecture of Iranian Houses
Qader Bayzidi kianoush faraji

Introduction Living spaces and in their context “houses”, have been one of the lasting needs created by human beings in every society. Despite of many years passing from their construction and living in them, they are still evidently, memorable and decent in More

Introduction Living spaces and in their context “houses”, have been one of the lasting needs created by human beings in every society. Despite of many years passing from their construction and living in them, they are still evidently, memorable and decent in all their dimensions. These spaces are the most noble, beautiful and tangible property of architecture as well as serve comfort the users, represent identity and fulfill owners dream, hopes in the best possible ways. The nature and concepts derived from it are important components and as a meaningful factor. The main purpose is to identify influential factors in Foucault’s genealogy and their role in the creation of divers’ concepts of nature and how they are present in the architecture of Iranian houses. Methodology The research method is Foucault’s genealogy and semiotic method were used for data analysis. Geographical area of research In this research, significant houses and settlements in the architecture of different periods of Iranian history - from antiquity to the second Pahlavi period - have been studied. Results and discussion The result of the study shows that the meanings of nature are not limited to the primary, secondary and abstract appearance of nature in the form and structure of houses; Rather, these concepts have created an identity and a mentality linked to power in the framework of specific discourses and in accordance with the conditions of society in each historical period. Conclusion The physical, functional and content presence of nature, in addition to recalling the past through explicit and implicit meanings, under the influence of developments in each historical period has led to the production of new knowledge and meanings in the field of industry, art and architecture. Manuscript profile

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395 - Presentation a Model of Durability Architecture in the Design of Commercial Complexes in Post-Corona Era (Case Study: Tabriz City)
Elham Hatami Golzari

Introduction: Architecture is considered as a container for human life and in this regard, is necessary which the continuity/evolution in the dimensions of the durability of architectural buildings and the influence of external factors, should be considered urban design More

Introduction: Architecture is considered as a container for human life and in this regard, is necessary which the continuity/evolution in the dimensions of the durability of architectural buildings and the influence of external factors, should be considered urban designers and architects, in order for the interaction and social interaction between the individual and that work to be formed based on the interaction between the characteristics of the work and the mental image of the audience.Research Aim: Considering the importance of architectural permanence in the context of time and the impact of various factors, the purpose of this study is to presentation a model of durability architecture (continuity/evolution) in the design of Tabriz commercial complexes in the post-Crown era.Methodology: The research method is mixed (a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with a practical purpose and analytical-contextual nature, and in order to analyze the information has been used structural equation modeling in AMOS software.Studied Area: The geographical scope of the research includes the city of Tabriz and its commercial complexes.Results: Findings show that among the internal variables (architecture itself) the most impact on the durability of architecture is related to the strength of structures, attention to technology and technology in architecture and emphasis on values and culture of society with a value of 0.92, 0.88 and 0.85 respectively and among the external variables (corona effect) related to the variety of services for the benefit of the residents of the area (region) and the lack of extensive relocation, considering a precondition at the entrance of the complex to disinfect and use new materials with anti-aging properties. Bacterial values are 0.84, 0.70 and 0.66, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate that the sustainable architectural model of commercial complexes can be compiled based on the consideration of the background factors (the architecture itself) and external factors (the effects of the epidemic) in the three dimensions of body, function and identity-meaning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

396 - The Study Of The Standards Of A Green City And Its Compatibility With The City Of Boroujerd
majid shams Nasreen Nowrooz Tajari

for modern men. Limited fuel resources on the one hand and the over consumption of fossil fuels on the other hand have totally led to environmental problems and major changes including: the weatherwarmth, the North pole ice melting and various other problems for the inh More

for modern men. Limited fuel resources on the one hand and the over consumption of fossil fuels on the other hand have totally led to environmental problems and major changes including: the weatherwarmth, the North pole ice melting and various other problems for the inhabitants of the globe .Due to the above mentioned problems, many countries specially industrial ones have followed the natural resources suchas solar and wind energy based on their climate conditions with their respective architecture. Regarding the present condition of fuel consumption in Iran, unfortunately there seems to be no harmony amongbetween the Iranian architecture and the construction materials used. Using the traditional wind-traps, shades, and sleeping porches, in older buildings in the past today we witness imitation of western models in architecture and under–estimation of construction materials and their compatibility with environmental factors in modern Iran. So, there seem to be more environmental pollution and energy loss than in the past.During the present paper, we have tried to provide some practical guidelines so as to use more natural energy resources in making, so called,a green city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

397 - Assessment of attraction and environmental compatibility in architectural structure of eco-tourism resorts from tourists’ point of view (case study: Gilan ecolodges)
Seyed Mohammadreza Nasir Salami Maryam Rostampisheh Said Tizghalam Zonouzi

Architectural structures and elements is one of the most important parameters in eco-tourism and these are key factors in ecolodges. Ecolodge type and its architectural quality, level of compatibility with native culture and natural environment and its attraction and sa More

Architectural structures and elements is one of the most important parameters in eco-tourism and these are key factors in ecolodges. Ecolodge type and its architectural quality, level of compatibility with native culture and natural environment and its attraction and satisfaction value have great importance for eco-tourism market and its future planning of entrepreneurs’ architectural rebuilding and innovation. Gilan is one of the eco-tourism centers, where numerous ecolodges with different structures have been established in recent years, meanwhile, tourists’ point of view is an essential recognition for future planning. In this research, level of architectural attraction and environmental compatibility in ecolodges based on tourists’ attitude have been investigated through quantitative analysis and evaluated questionnaires of architectural components, which has filled by 221 tourists. The result of statistical analysis indicated high level of architectural attraction for tourists and acceptable value of environmental compatibility in architectural structures, although structure of ecolodges are very different of rural houses. It not only means incompatibility but also can cause more attraction and satisfaction values. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

398 - مدیریت استعداد در نظام آموزش عالی کشاورزی ایران: بر اساس گراندد تئوری
سیدمحمدجواد سبحانی Mohammad Chizari Hassan Sadighi امیر علم بیگی

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399 - Analysis of the issues of compiling master's theses in the field of Architecture and Urban planning
hamzeh zeraati mohsen ghasemi mansour nikpour

An architectural dissertation is not only the most important part of a portfolio of architecture and urban planning graduates, but can also have a job in the industry or apply for a graduate program. Therefore, doing it correctly and scientifically can be an opportunity More

An architectural dissertation is not only the most important part of a portfolio of architecture and urban planning graduates, but can also have a job in the industry or apply for a graduate program. Therefore, doing it correctly and scientifically can be an opportunity for creative ideas to emerge in the designed process. To this end, the present article examines the obstacles and challenges of advancing the development of master's theses. The method of the present study was analytical and survey that the data analysis method of the foundation and semi-structured interview were used to answer the research question. The interview was conducted using the Delphi method with 24 professors of the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning. Theoretical sampling method, which is the most common method in the data analysis method of the foundation, was used until theoretical saturation was achieved. TI was used; The results of the analysis showed that in connection with the low quality of master's theses in architecture and urban planning and the lack of creative ideas in them external conditions and contexts, job and financial constraints of senior students of architecture and urban planning, restrictions on guidance and counseling and evaluation of master theses And ... has been effective that can be purposefully planned in order to eliminate them and develop correct and practical methods in teaching theoretical and research foundations, guidance and accurate and accurate evaluation of dissertations, finally the scientific development of architecture and urban planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

400 - Citation analysis of M.S. theses of Architecture in Hamedan Islamic Azad University during years 2001-2008
reyhaneh Izadi

Purpose: This research attempts to study the citation behavior in M.S. theses of Architecture at Hamedan Islamic Azad University during years 2001-2008, and determine the core sources. Methodology: Using bibliometric and citation analysis method, a statistical populati More

Purpose: This research attempts to study the citation behavior in M.S. theses of Architecture at Hamedan Islamic Azad University during years 2001-2008, and determine the core sources. Methodology: Using bibliometric and citation analysis method, a statistical population  f 302 thesis with 8672 citations was studied. Findings: It was found that Persian books with 47.1% had the highest citations and Latin periodicals with 3.7% had the lowest citations. The average citation for each thesis was 28.7 citations. Linguistic distribution shows the high amount of citations to Persian with 87.2%. Half-life of information for Latin books is 11.63 years and for thesis is 3.88 years, showing the highest and lowest average, respectively. Also, time coverage of sources related to 1992-2001 includes 62.6% of  all citations, while Persian books with 5.95% and Latin periodicals with 0.66% have the highest and lowest impact. The citation ratio to up-date sources in 2001 and 2005 are 2.5 and 0.42 sources, respectively. Conclusion: The journals follow Bradford’s law and core ones are “Architecture”, “Urban Planning”, and “Memar Serial”. Core Latin journals are “Review” and “A+U”. The most frequently used Persian and Latin books are “Climate & Architecture” and “Time saver for building types”, respectively. Among all citations, 55.4% are to Persian and Latin books, 24.1% to periodicals, 87.2% to Persian resources, 12.8% to Latin resources, 84.5% to printed resources, and 15.5% to non-printed resources. Accordingly, research hypotheses were confirmed.   Manuscript profile

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401 - Study and Measurement of the amount of awareness of architecture students of Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch about reading different techniques
Mohsen Tabasi

Objective: effective reading is one of the characteristics of scientific developments of thecountry. the role of the university students is inevitable in this development. The presentresearch, studies the amount of awareness of the architecture students of the IAU of Ma More

Objective: effective reading is one of the characteristics of scientific developments of thecountry. the role of the university students is inevitable in this development. The presentresearch, studies the amount of awareness of the architecture students of the IAU of Mashhad ofdifferent reading techniques according to their gender and academic grade.Methodology: the research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population includes thewhole 1657 architecture students of first semester of 1389-90 in both stages of, undergraduatestudents and graduate students.Finding: They show that the graduate students have more awareness in comparison with theundergraduates regarding reading techniques. Also in most reading techniques, there aremeaningful significances among students based on their gender.Conclusion: The results show that unfortunately the amount of the awareness of the students isvery weak and it can be one of the results of their drop of learning quality. However paying moreattention to the guidelines of the reading techniques in their curricula can make an improvementin this regard. Manuscript profile

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402 - Investigation of Orsi functions in the interior architecture of residential spaces (Case study: Orsi Khaneh in Tehran)
Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi kiana nikbakht

Light is the essence of reading existence and Orsi is a window facing the light. Orsi has become famous in the history of art since the Safavid era and has played a multidimensional role as one of the components of traditional Iranian arts in the architecture of buildin More

Light is the essence of reading existence and Orsi is a window facing the light. Orsi has become famous in the history of art since the Safavid era and has played a multidimensional role as one of the components of traditional Iranian arts in the architecture of buildings. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the functions of Orsi in the interior architecture of the residential space and to investigate the effect of the Orsi element in the sample under study (Orsi Khaneh in Tehran). The current research is a qualitative descriptive study that in the process of advancing the research, the case study method (single sample) was used and library and field research was used in order to collect texts; So that in the first part of the research (theoretical framework of the research) from the concept to the example, and in the second part, which includes the case study, from the example to the concept. The results of the current research show that Orsis have six functions in traditional houses (health improvement, thermal comfort, decoration, increasing privacy, enhancing flexibility and providing light and view). In a case example, modern Orsis have been used for the design of interior spaces and facade design, and the Orsi windows have answered all six functions. Manuscript profile

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403 - The design of the cultural center according to the architectural model of the Qajar-period Hosseiniyehs of Kashan
asal sattar bahram Gosili yavar rostamzadeh

The construction of religious buildings such as Hosseiniyehs was very prosperous during the Qajar period in the Shiye city of Kashan, which stood out and represented the religious culture of the people of this region. Considering the disorder and cultural discontinuity More

The construction of religious buildings such as Hosseiniyehs was very prosperous during the Qajar period in the Shiye city of Kashan, which stood out and represented the religious culture of the people of this region. Considering the disorder and cultural discontinuity that can be seen in the architecture of Kashan city, the need for culture-building is felt in connection with the use of past patterns. According to the religious and cultural background of Kashan, the most obvious and lasting of these models is the architectural model of the Qajar period Hosseiniyehs, which are considered to be the hallmark of Kashan city. Therefore, the main goals that are followed in the research are the design of a cultural and educational space to spend leisure time and pay attention to the social and cultural development of the region, as well as culture and promotion of the native culture of Kashan region, inspiration from Islamic religious values and the presentation of a lasting work, preserving the identity and historical social values in accordance with the context and creating a responsive space. In this regard, it has been tried to design the cultural center and its spaces with a qualitative method based on the characteristics of the Hosseinieh architectural model. Therefore, spaces were created that, while having an independent personality and appropriate to their function, are connected with other spaces and have the ability to respond to the diverse needs of the audience by creating sociable and inviting spaces while defining the territory and maintaining to have security and finally to provide an integrated collection to increase social interactions and cultural exchanges along with educational programs and most importantly familiarity with the native culture of the region which was the main goal of the collection design; Therefore, the attention and emphasis of the plan is on the application of identity and cultural-religious concepts of the region, which is manifested in the form and spaces of the cultural center. Manuscript profile

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404 - Policy-making Model in Architecture Education context with an analytical approach to Teamwork (Case Study‏:‏‎ ‎Architecture Student in Anhalt University, Germany)‎
Hossein Amin Pour Pirjel Farah Habib Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Vahdaneh Fooladi

The aim: The aim of the present study is an analytical approach to teamwork (TW) in making maquettes by architecture students to make a policy-making model in the architecture education context. The research method: The research method is applied according to the purpos More

The aim: The aim of the present study is an analytical approach to teamwork (TW) in making maquettes by architecture students to make a policy-making model in the architecture education context. The research method: The research method is applied according to the purpose and based on the data collection, it is descriptive and a case study. First, the research background in the fields of policy-making in higher education, teamwork, and architecture education was reviewed and the factors that influence each were evaluated. The statistical population of this research is students of the workshop and architectural design studio at Anhalt University in Dessau, Germany, which is affiliated with the Bauhaus Institute. Findings and Conclusion: Due to the current construction industry in Iran, a high unemployment rate is observed in this context. The need to improve skills and apply the training is very evident. The problem from teamwork's point of view in teaching and making maquettes was examined as one of the important causes of this unemployment. The solution is in the policy-making in higher education. The expertise and professional work of architecture is based on teamwork and preparing students to do teamwork and learn in this matter has a positive effect on improving the performance and efficiency of future architects. Manuscript profile

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405 - Explaining the process of achieving design patterns in metamorphic architecture
Sara Azizi Reza Behbahany Nima Vlizadeh

Metamorphic design is said to be a style of architecture by breaking down the design subject into the influencing variables in the design and explaining the relationship between these variables, it is possible to obtain a set of responsive answers to the form in questio More

Metamorphic design is said to be a style of architecture by breaking down the design subject into the influencing variables in the design and explaining the relationship between these variables, it is possible to obtain a set of responsive answers to the form in question. The purpose of the research is to explain the process of obtaining design patterns in metamorphic architecture. The research is applied in terms of type and is descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population is composed of experts in management and experts familiar with the subject of evaluation and ranking of developing scenario-based design models. Due to the fact that all the experts were surveyed and the necessary changes were applied to the questionnaire, therefore, the verification of the current research has the necessary reliability. The results of the single-variable T-test and rank average showed that to understanding the state of the system, clustering the main factors affecting changes, simplifying and ranking according to the degree of importance, determining the main factors based on the effects and the degree of uncertainty and determining the two final limits for each factor, creating compatible scenarios from the combination of main factors, choosing the preferred scenario and quantifying the scenario above the standard is effective in explaining the design patterns in metamorphic architecture. Also, based on the results of paired comparisons, the most suitable model for developing a scenario in metamorphic architecture is first the interaction effect and then the trend effect, and intuitive logic is the last priority Manuscript profile

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406 - Architecture Cognition in Conformity Methodology of Interpretation and Levels of Existence
siamak panahi roya sedighi Manouchehr Foroutan Seid Mousa Dibadj

This research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the widt More

This research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the width of the methodology and the values as the width of the human essence in his entire territory without the need for the contractual boundaries of knowledge. The research method is logical reasoning in the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach and the method of data collection is library-documentary. Assuming that the understanding of architecture relies on the existing experiences and the meaning system of social structures, from grammatical interpretation to the reconstruction of mental processes and introspective psychology, and from sociological reflections to the interpretation of products. A culture corresponding to the audience's level of knowledge can be identified; It shows that the knowledge of doubt in man, which according to the teachings of Hikmat Sadra is caused by his existence, requires different methods in understanding architecture. All strategies are indirectly related to each other in stages and levels of examining observable or unobservable phenomena, which cause interference of paradigm boundaries. Therefore, depending on what we are looking for in the understanding of architecture, we understand and understand architecture in ways that are appropriate to the set goal. Manuscript profile

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407 - Investigating the effect of the (definition of information need) element on improving the level of architectural design information literacy
Sina Ghazizadeh Hadi Kaboli Saeed Salehi

One indication of the ineffectiveness of the country's universities' existing educational system is the inability of recent graduates with bachelor's degrees lack architecture, who make up a sizable portion of the student body. Based on this, the focus of More

One indication of the ineffectiveness of the country's universities' existing educational system is the inability of recent graduates with bachelor's degrees lack architecture, who make up a sizable portion of the student body. Based on this, the focus of this research will be to find out how the information need definition component affects bachelor architecture students' development of information literacy in architectural design. The correlation method is the research design taken into consideration in this study. In this method, the effect of several criteria on the target population is examined both independently and in combination with other criteria. The Islamic Azad University of Tehran West Branch used a straightforward non-probability sampling method to conduct the current study. A questionnaire created for this purpose was utilized to gather data from the sample population. The statistical population of this study consisted of the university's undergraduate architecture students from 2016 to 2019. Based on Morgan's table, it is determined that there are 341 people living in the sample community. In this research, the criterion (definition of information need) for measuring the information literacy of undergraduate architecture students was studied. In the mentioned criterion, by examining the information extracted from the students, the extent of its effect on their literacy level was determined and then prioritized. According to the results of the multivariable linear regression fitting, the effect of this component in improving the level of information literacy of the students of this field and course was determined; Manuscript profile

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408 - Ontology of Light in the Philosophy of Illumination and its Association with the Iranian-Islamic Architecture
Zeynab Arab

Sheike Eshraq is the most prominent figure in the world and has a unique position among Islamic mystics and philosophers. He was the founder of the philosophy of illumination. The common philosophical heritage among Iran, Islam and Greece is clearly observed in his wisd More

Sheike Eshraq is the most prominent figure in the world and has a unique position among Islamic mystics and philosophers. He was the founder of the philosophy of illumination. The common philosophical heritage among Iran, Islam and Greece is clearly observed in his wisdom and philosophy. Sheike Eshraq’s field of thought is based on the ontology of light. He decrypted the light and determined a hierarchy for it. This hierarchy begins with the light of lights (Nour Al-Anwar ), which can be considered as the major cause the existence of all beings, and ends with darkness and lack of light. The ray of light in Sheikh Eshraq's thought had on a great influence on the Iranian-Islamic architecture because architecture as the body of time is affected by philosophy as the spirit of time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the theory of Nour Al-Anwar developed by Sohrevardi in order to make a comparison between the philosophy of illumination and the Iranian-Islamic architecture. This was the qualitative research, and also the descriptive analytical method was used in this study. The results demonstrated that light existed in Iranian-Islamic architecture, just like illuminative wisdom, is a manifestation of divine unity. The light hierarchy in Iranian-Islamic architecture is influenced by the light hierarchy in the philosophy of illumination, which is based on degrees of light and darkness. The Iranian-Islamic architects is influenced by the emanation of Nour Al-Anwar using light and light games in different elements and parts of the architecture and created a light hierarchy in the interior and exterior in the architecture of the buildings and their different components. Manuscript profile

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409 - BOOK REVIEW “DESIGN BASED ON HUMAN PERCEPTION AND BEHAVIOR” FROM THE ARCHITECT DABDABEH'S COLLECTION OF WORKS
Mohammad Dabdabeh Morteza seddigh Majid Rezvanpanah

Architects, interior architects, and interior designers have all considered how the poetic of space affects the human senses when creating a building's interior architecture. Lack of appropriate daytime lighting, color, and most crucially, unprincipled design, have More

Architects, interior architects, and interior designers have all considered how the poetic of space affects the human senses when creating a building's interior architecture. Lack of appropriate daytime lighting, color, and most crucially, unprincipled design, have all been linked to depression and a lack of a sense of freshness in humans. As a result, these factors have had a significant impact on human perception and behavior. In terms of research methodology, the current study was descriptive-analytical. The method of library research and written documents have been employed in the process of data collection by reviewing the current book. The purpose of the review of the book "Design Based on Human Perception and Behavior" is to understand the human being in various interactions and direct the goals of the design process in resolving the analyzed issues. After making an effort to fully comprehend the design process of the architectural environment, interior architecture, and its impact on the human spirit, the present work is divided into four chapters: the first chapter, "What is Interior Design?"; the second, "Perception"; the third, "Human Behavior," and the fourth, "Interior Design Guide." Manuscript profile

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410 - Qualitative investigation of the theories of urban pattern in the contruction of intermediate Buildings in the historical context
peyman bahramifar vahid ghobadian mahnaz mahmoodi zarandi

Introduction: In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related o More

Introduction: In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists. Methodology: In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context has been discussed. Also, discussion in this research, urban patterns in the construction of buildings in the historical context are divided into three pattern categories, including1."Decorative/decorative"pattern, 2."Functional/program-oriented "pattern, 3."perceptual/contextual" pattern, and conclusion: In the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran. Manuscript profile

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411 - Explaining the evolution of the use of moqrans in the architecture of Khorasan with the approach of investigation in the religious buildings of Mashhad
majid Azizi

The use of moqrans as a decorative symbol has long been intertwined with the architecture of this land in Iran, and the architect has decorated the roof of the building using various methods of using moqrans and decorated the sky with the use of moqrans. The use of regu More

The use of moqrans as a decorative symbol has long been intertwined with the architecture of this land in Iran, and the architect has decorated the roof of the building using various methods of using moqrans and decorated the sky with the use of moqrans. The use of regular geometry, which is the essence of Iranian architecture, is an important principle in the use of moqrans and its execution, and the proportions used in the implementation of moqrans express nothing but the use of the special principles of traditional architecture of this land. Throughout the history, like other decorative arts, moqransazi has evolved in terms of the number of uses and the addition of materials. With the beginning of the building of mosques and schools of religious sciences in new and unique forms, this decoration opened a precious place for itself, and gained great importance. The architecture of Khorasan, due to its ancient history, is a testimony to the architect's skill in using types of moqrans in the traditional buildings of this country. Muqrans in different periods and also the diversity of its use in this city have been discussed From the point of view of the amount of usage, the Safavid and Timurid periods have the most use of moqrans, and from the perspective of the variety of use, the hanging moqrans has the highest amount of use in different historical periods, and the front moqrans has been used to a considerable extent in the Qajar era Manuscript profile

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412 - Analytical evaluation of Iran's national architecture competitions and explanation of its effective components in promoting the country's contemporary architecture
Seyyed mohammad Soghrati Heydar Jahan bakhsh Hossein Safari

This research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one's identity is the focus of attention of the country's officials. Examining the process of holding Iran's national architectural competitions as a p More

This research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one's identity is the focus of attention of the country's officials. Examining the process of holding Iran's national architectural competitions as a platform for expressing intellectual tendencies and comparing the language of contemporary architectural elites can play a significant role in identifying the cities and contemporary architecture of the country. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective components of Iran's national architecture competitions in promoting the country's contemporary architecture in the 1390s. And it is in the applied qualitative-quantitative research group, which collects first qualitative data and then quantitative data with the help of an exploratory design with a mixed method. Its data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 experts and experts and after reaching theoretical saturation, the qualitative data collection process was completed. The quantitative part of the current research was conducted in the form of a survey according to the obtained indicators, and then a preliminary questionnaire was designed. After collecting the questionnaires, the answers were analyzed in two parts, descriptive and inferential. Structural equation modeling was done using Amos Graphic software for the inferential analysis of the research, and the most important factors were obtained from second-order confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, the components involved in holding Iran's national architecture competitions, which can be effective in the growth and promotion of the country's contemporary architecture, were identified and explained. Manuscript profile

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413 - Using Energy Simulation Method to Develop the Process of Sustainable Architecture Education in Iran
Zahra Alijo Hamed Abedini

In architecture, the concept of sustainability has been one of the most significant discourses over the past few decades due to its multifaceted relationship. This process of architectural impact on sustainability issues has been fundamental and entered the architectura More

In architecture, the concept of sustainability has been one of the most significant discourses over the past few decades due to its multifaceted relationship. This process of architectural impact on sustainability issues has been fundamental and entered the architectural education field, resulting in changes in the curriculum and educational approaches. One of the most significant of these approaches is the issue of energy and simulation of buildings, not having yet provided a suitable model for its training despite its complex features. Consequently, this study tends to present an efficient model for using energy simulation to develop the process of sustainable architecture education in Iran, derived from studies conducted in this field and a review of global experiences. The present research applies the analytical-descriptive method which, considering the analyses done with a forward-looking attitude, searches to offer the desired model. The findings of this study primarily specify the classification of issues and impediments to sustainable architecture education, followed by extracting effective parameters in energy simulation training in the process of sustainable architecture education. Ultimately, this research, by considering the experience of using a sample of simulation tools, presents its educational model derived from different parts of the research to develop the position of sustainable architecture education. Principles on which the educational model of this research is based include taking notice of sustainable architecture education as a paradigm, interactive education, appropriate software education, specialization, and continuity of different aspects of outputs due to the multifaceted nature of sustainability. Manuscript profile

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414 - Qualitative investigation of the theories of urban pattern in the contruction of intermediate Buildings in the historical context
Peyman bahramifar Vahid ghobadian Mahnaz mahmoodi zarandi

In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations i More

In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists. Methodology: In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context has been discussed. Also, discussion in this research, urban patterns in the construction of buildings in the historical context are divided into three pattern categories, including1."Decorative/decorative"pattern, 2."Functional/program-oriented "pattern, 3."perceptual/contextual" pattern, and conclusion: In the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

415 - Architecture Cognition in Conformity Methodology of Interpretation and Levels of Existence
Siamak panahi Roya seddighi seyed mosa dibaj manoochehr froutan

This research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the widt More

This research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the width of the methodology and the values as the width of the human essence in his entire territory without the need for the contractual boundaries of knowledge. The research method is logical reasoning in the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach and the method of data collection is library-documentary.Assuming that the understanding of architecture relies on the existing experiences and the meaning system of social structures, from grammatical interpretation to the reconstruction of mental processes and introspective psychology, and from sociological reflections to the interpretation of products. A culture corresponding to the audience's level of knowledge can be identified; It shows that the knowledge of doubt in man, which according to the teachings of Hikmat Sadra is caused by his existence, requires different methods in understanding architecture. All strategies are indirectly related to each other in stages and levels of examining observable or unobservable phenomena, which cause interference of paradigm boundaries. Therefore, depending on what we are looking for in the understanding of architecture, we understand and understand architecture in ways that are appropriate to the set goal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

416 - Investigation of Orsi functions in the interior architecture of residential spaces
Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi Kiana Nikbakht

Light is the essence of reading existence and Orsi is a window facing the light. Orsi has become famous in the history of art since the Safavid era and has played a multidimensional role as one of the components of traditional Iranian arts in the architecture of buildin More

Light is the essence of reading existence and Orsi is a window facing the light. Orsi has become famous in the history of art since the Safavid era and has played a multidimensional role as one of the components of traditional Iranian arts in the architecture of buildings. But in passing from traditional architecture to modern architecture, it is on the verge of being forgotten. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the functions of the Orsi in the traditional architecture of Iran and to recognize its characteristics so that contemporary architects can make it the essence and support for the design of contemporary spaces. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the functions of Orsi in the interior architecture of the residential space and to investigate the effect of the Orsi element in the sample under study (Orsi Khaneh in Tehran). The current research is a qualitative descriptive study that in the process of advancing the research, the case study method (single sample) was used and library and field research was used in order to collect texts; So that in the first part of the research (theoretical framework of the research) from the concept to the example, and in the second part, which includes the case study, from the example to the concept. The results of the current research show that Orsis have six functions in traditional houses (health improvement, thermal comfort, decoration, increasing privacy, enhancing flexibility and providing light and view). In a case example, modern Orsis have been used for the design of interior spaces and facade design, and the Orsi windows have answered all six functions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

417 - Comparative comparison of typology of spatial organization and physical elements of churches in Isfahan and Armenia
avideh talaie hadi alaei

Armenia is a land in the northwest of Iran and was considered one of the provinces of Iran during the Safavid period. During the Safavid period, Armenians migrated to Isfahan by the order of Shah Abbas, and their settlement in this area resulted in a special architectur More

Armenia is a land in the northwest of Iran and was considered one of the provinces of Iran during the Safavid period. During the Safavid period, Armenians migrated to Isfahan by the order of Shah Abbas, and their settlement in this area resulted in a special architecture originating from the rich Iranian and Armenian culture. This research deals with the typology of Jolfa Armenian churches from the point of view of physical system, spatial arrangement, physical communication, ways of defining space (open space, closed space, covered space). The purpose of this study is the typology of the churches of Isfahan and their physical comparison with the churches of the main land of Armenia for a better genealogy of these valuable buildings. The result of this research will provide the possibility of classifying the churches of Jolfa in Isfahan. This research seeks to answer two questions. What are the patterns extracted from the Armenian churches of Isfahan? How are these patterns different from the patterns of churches in the Armenian mainland? The method of collecting information is field and library, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The obtained results show that we are facing a kind of cultural eclecticism in the churches of Isfahan. Jolfa is a rightful representative of architecture in a foreign land, where both the identity of the original country and the identity and patterns of the destination country have been well respected. Armenians knew the architecture with stone well, but they did not have the ability of architecture with the materials of the central plateau of Iran, so they first got many help from Muslim architects, until they themselves became master craftsmen of Iranian clay and tiles. The architecture of the churches shined with the Armenian charm and Iranian appearance like a gem in Isfahan. The churches of Armenia are in the form of single nave churches, basilicas, single nave dome churches, four-column domed basilicas, full cruciform, radiating style, cruciform, centripetal plan and monastery complexes in the central plateau of Iran. All of them are built in the form of a monastery complex with the plan of a basilica with a four-column dome. Armenian churches were not domed on the facade, or their domes were conical, which is seen in Iranian churches in the form of Iranian domes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

418 - The impact of co-designers’ interaction on actors’ learning in the design process
Kaveh Bazrafkan Fatemeh Zare Homa Irani Behbahani Behrouz Mansouri

Design is a multi-layered thing that has changed to meet today's needs. Collective design evolves by criticizing the individual approach, based on the cooperation between design actors. The basis of this process focuses on the dialogue of actors, and in it, learning wit More

Design is a multi-layered thing that has changed to meet today's needs. Collective design evolves by criticizing the individual approach, based on the cooperation between design actors. The basis of this process focuses on the dialogue of actors, and in it, learning within the team is significant. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the question "What effect does dialogue in collective design have on the thinking and learning of actors?" takes a step The current research, in the category of design research, is conducted qualitatively and has a practical nature. The data in this research were collected from library studies and observing the practical action of collective design, and after coding, they were analyzed with logical reasoning strategy. Interaction in the design process transforms the nature of design from an intuitive and individual matter to a collective event. The findings show that four models of open, closed, hierarchical and network layouts can be obtained in collective design, which can be used to integrate these layouts in order to achieve different results. All these models are conversational. Observations of the practical experience of collective design show that the quality of conversations is more critical and the role of critical thinking is significant in it. Also, considering the three levels of active, experiential and collaborative learning that emphasize collective interaction; The cycle of dialogues affects the learning of activists and causes intellectual transformation. This learning conforms to the social learning model and works as an idea generation machine by providing parallel solutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

419 - The design of the cultural center according to the architectural model of the Qajar-period Hosseiniyehs of Kashan
Asal Sattar Bahram Ghasili Yavor Rostamzadeh

The construction of religious buildings such as Hosseiniyehs was very prosperous during the Qajar period in the Shiye city of Kashan, which stood out and represented the religious culture of the people of this region. Considering the disorder and cultural discontinuity More

The construction of religious buildings such as Hosseiniyehs was very prosperous during the Qajar period in the Shiye city of Kashan, which stood out and represented the religious culture of the people of this region. Considering the disorder and cultural discontinuity that can be seen in the architecture of Kashan city, the need for culture-building is felt in connection with the use of past patterns. According to the religious and cultural background of Kashan, the most obvious and lasting of these models is the architectural model of the Qajar period Hosseiniyehs, which are considered to be the hallmark of Kashan city. Therefore, the main goals that are followed in the research are the design of a cultural and educational space to spend leisure time and pay attention to the social and cultural development of the region, as well as culture and promotion of the native culture of Kashan region, inspiration from Islamic religious values and the presentation of a lasting work, preserving the identity and historical social values in accordance with the context and creating a responsive space. In this regard, it has been tried to design the cultural center and its spaces with a qualitative method based on the characteristics of the Hosseinieh architectural model. Therefore, spaces were created that, while having an independent personality and appropriate to their function, are connected with other spaces and have the ability to respond to the diverse needs of the audience by creating sociable and inviting spaces while defining the territory and maintaining to have security and finally to provide an integrated collection to increase social interactions and cultural exchanges along with educational programs and most importantly familiarity with the native culture of the region which was the main goal of the collection design; Therefore, the attention and emphasis of the plan is on the application of identity and cultural-religious concepts of the region, which is manifested in the form and spaces of the cultural center. Manuscript profile

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420 - Universal design in architecture education
Alireza Mashbaki Esfahani Sediqe Moin Mehr

The social responsibility of the architect is considered an important tool to increase the level of access to awareness levels in the society. Higher education institutions are ideal places for increasing the awareness of professionals and other members of society. Ther More

The social responsibility of the architect is considered an important tool to increase the level of access to awareness levels in the society. Higher education institutions are ideal places for increasing the awareness of professionals and other members of society. Therefore, there is a need to develop teaching methods in architecture schools. This article presents a model for education (universal design) in architecture schools. Universal design education should help to effectively form the values of future architects and help to remove environmental barriers; With this work, environments are provided that are comprehensively designed from the beginning of the design process with a comprehensive and stable understanding of the designer. Its main purpose is to fulfill the need for knowledgeable and responsible architects and knowledgeable people in the society. The designer (at the scale of components and furniture), the architect (at the scale of building construction) and the city designer (at the urban scale) should consider a wide range of users. Another goal of this article is to stimulate discussion and debate about universal design education in higher education. This research provides ideas for colleges and universities to organize universal design courses and publish studies in this way. The research method of this article is a descriptive-analytical method based on the content analysis technique, which is studied with a qualitative approach. In the end, we can say: since this field is still in the process of development, students are forced to do automatic learning and automatic search. Also, lifelong learning programs that will be offered by organizations such as professional associations of native architects are necessary to maintain a universal design practice in architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

421 - Policy-making Model in Architecture Education context with an analytical approach to Teamwork (Case Study: Architecture Student in Anhalt University, Germany)
Hossein Aminpour Pirjal Farah Habib Zahra Sadat Zarabadi Vahadane Fuladi

The aim: The aim of the present study is an analytical approach to teamwork (TW) in making maquettes by architecture students to make a policy-making model in the architecture education context.The research method: The research method is applied according to the purpose More

The aim: The aim of the present study is an analytical approach to teamwork (TW) in making maquettes by architecture students to make a policy-making model in the architecture education context.The research method: The research method is applied according to the purpose and based on the data collection, it is descriptive and a case study. First, the research background in the fields of policy-making in higher education, teamwork, and architecture education was reviewed and the factors that influence each were evaluated. The statistical population of this research is students of the workshop and architectural design studio at Anhalt University in Dessau, Germany, which is affiliated with the Bauhaus Institute.Findings and Conclusion: Due to the current construction industry in Iran, a high unemployment rate is observed in this context. The need to improve skills and apply the training is very evident. The problem from teamwork's point of view in teaching and making maquettes was examined as one of the important causes of this unemployment. The solution is in the policy-making in higher education. The expertise and professional work of architecture is based on teamwork and preparing students to do teamwork and learn in this matter has a positive effect on improving the performance and efficiency of future architects. Manuscript profile

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422 - Recognizing the interaction of structure and architecture inspired by the architecture of the Seljuk period
esmaeil eskandari mohsen vafamehr ali khaki

Today, the interaction of structure and architecture is one of the issues that has attracted the attention of many designers. In the traditional architecture of Iran, the process of interaction between structure and architecture was continuous and completely integrated. More

Today, the interaction of structure and architecture is one of the issues that has attracted the attention of many designers. In the traditional architecture of Iran, the process of interaction between structure and architecture was continuous and completely integrated. But due to the changes resulting from the age of industry and under the influence of technology, in recent centuries, this matter has been discussed among researchers. The aim of the current research is to recognize the interaction of architecture and structure inspired by the Seljuk period, so as to achieve a favorable interaction between architecture and structure.The research method was qualitative content analysis method and combined strategies and collection and analyzes were done through library studies. The results of the research indicate that that the relationship between structure and architecture in contemporary buildings is often of the type of structure as form And in the ideation and design of buildings, less attention is paid to the role of the structure as an active element in the organization of the space from the aesthetic and visual aspect and Its stability aspect is mainly considered. In the interaction between the structure and traditional architecture, the discussion is about the participation of the form in fulfilling the needs of the construction of the structure, Also, the use of symmetry in form design brings ease in design and construction. It is also an understanding of the behavior of the structure in the form that in all cases it is possible to witness the compliance of the form with the overall shape and format of the structure by using symmetry. Manuscript profile

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423 - BOOK REVIEW “DESIGN BASED ON HUMAN PERCEPTION AND BEHAVIOR” FROM THE ARCHITECT DABDABEH'S COLLECTION OF WORKS
mohammad dabdabeh Morteza Seddigh majid rezvanpanah

Architects, interior architects, and interior designers have all considered how the poetic of space affects the human senses when creating a building's interior architecture. Lack of appropriate daytime lighting, color, and most crucially, unprincipled design, have all More

Architects, interior architects, and interior designers have all considered how the poetic of space affects the human senses when creating a building's interior architecture. Lack of appropriate daytime lighting, color, and most crucially, unprincipled design, have all been linked to depression and a lack of a sense of freshness in humans. As a result, these factors have had a significant impact on human perception and behavior. In terms of research methodology, the current study was descriptive-analytical. The method of library research and written documents have been employed in the process of data collection by reviewing the current book. The purpose of the review of the book "Design Based on Human Perception and Behavior" is to understand the human being in various interactions and direct the goals of the design process in resolving the analyzed issues. After making an effort to fully comprehend the design process of the architectural environment, interior architecture, and its impact on the human spirit, the present work is divided into four chapters: the first chapter, "What is Interior Design?"; the second, "Perception"; the third, "Human Behavior," and the fourth, "Interior Design Guide." Manuscript profile

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424 - Investigate the Cultural factors effects on promotion of urbanization & architecture at Tehran municipality
Sahar Shetaban

The aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the Cultural factors effects on promotion of urbanization & architecture at Tehran municipality. The research population comprised 5000 architects in Tehran out of whom a sample 3 More

The aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the Cultural factors effects on promotion of urbanization & architecture at Tehran municipality. The research population comprised 5000 architects in Tehran out of whom a sample 384 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 3 factors and 24 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and spirman used indicated that Cultural factors had a significant effect on promotion of urbanization & architecture at Tehran municipality. Manuscript profile

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425 - Examining Enterprise Architecture Researches in Iran: A systematic Review
Simin Momenzadeh Atefeh Zarei Seyed Ali Akbar Famil Rouhany

Objective: This paper conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses of research on Enterorise Architecture published in Iranian Database over the last twenty years.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out. 669 papers were retrieved by a manual More

Objective: This paper conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses of research on Enterorise Architecture published in Iranian Database over the last twenty years.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out. 669 papers were retrieved by a manual search in 4 databases and 70 primary studies were finally included.For Quantitative Analysis, the Researches Were Examined in terms of Frequency Distribution, Year of Publication, Type of Organization, Research methods, and Research themes in the Internal Database.Results: For Qualitative Analysis, the Target Studies were Grouped into 7 Levels: Policies, actors and structures; Architecture frameworks and Methodologies; Architecture principles and standards; Implementations; Governance; Feasibility and Multi-themes. The findings Show that most studies on Enterprise Architecture in Iran focus on Architecture Frameworks and methodologies and Governance of Enterprise Architecture, Compared to Other Levels.Conclusion:This Review Provides Significant Scientific Basics for Organizations that are Looking for Appropriate Methods and Tools for Management and Supervision in the Field of Enterprise Architecture, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time. Manuscript profile

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426 - Explaining the relationship between proportions in the creation system with The proportions of Iranian Islamic architecture and the reflection of mystical themes in it
Majid Taheri Damaneh Abuza Majlesi Kupaei Shirin Toghyani

There is humanity. Justice at the level of the system of existence means a kind of balance and proportionality in the system of existence and putting everything in its place, which is the qualitative proportionality that is also called developmental justice. Appropriate More

There is humanity. Justice at the level of the system of existence means a kind of balance and proportionality in the system of existence and putting everything in its place, which is the qualitative proportionality that is also called developmental justice. Appropriate location, attention to the environment, use of appropriate materials, appropriateness of structure and architecture, avoiding futility and paying attention to man and all levels of his needs in architecture are among the principles of architecture, the need to pay attention to them is inevitable in the formation of rational or justice-oriented architecture. All the features that are associated with the word appropriateness or appropriateness are some examples of qualitative proportions in Iranian architecture, the proportion of the relationship between sizes, and in the visual arts, it indicates the appropriate relationship between the parts with each other and with the whole formed from the parts. Many examples of beautiful proportions and especially the golden ratio are found in nature (quantitative proportions). Also, in the architectural works of the past, especially the architectural works of Iran in the Islamic period, beautiful proportions have a deep and wide application. In addition to the relationship between sizes, qualitative proportions or in other words occasion are also considered in places of the creation system and in constructions and are considered as a manifestation of central justice. In this research, by examining the quantitative and qualitative proportions in the creation system and in Islamic architecture, the relationship between the two has been explained. In this regard, by studying the concepts and examples of quantitative and qualitative proportions as well as theories related to Islamic art in a descriptive-analytical method and with logical reasoning, the conclusion was reached that proportions in the quantitative and qualitative dimension are a manifestation of God's goodness in manifested creatures. It is found and then perceived by the artist and its reflection is manifested in human works including architecture. God's goodness that is manifested in the creations in art in the form of geometry, proportions, harmony, rhythm, balance, etc. is revealed by the artist. In architecture, geometry and proportions are the expression of God's justice and destiny and the manifestation of His goodness, which the artist has reflected. Justice in architecture and urban planning is interpreted as balance and all-round and inclusive proportions, that is, quantitative proportions and qualitative relationships, and compliance with proportion means beauty in its true sense. Manuscript profile

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427 - Recognizing the Position of Imagination in Architecture Based on Masnavi Manavi
Reihāneh Nikravesh Zhāleh Sābernejād

Imaginary perception is one of the perceptual stages that artists rely on it to create works of art. Moreover, imagination helps the artist to realize his ideas and acts as interface between apparent senses and reason. By using descriptive-analytical method and relying More

Imaginary perception is one of the perceptual stages that artists rely on it to create works of art. Moreover, imagination helps the artist to realize his ideas and acts as interface between apparent senses and reason. By using descriptive-analytical method and relying on the thoughts of Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī in Masnavi Manavi, the present study attempts to study the various dimensions of imagination and its role in the creation of architectural works. The results indicate that the recognition of the imaginary forms and the imagination of the final form of the works of art are necessary for the analysis of their external effects. An architectural work, as a work of art, relies on the imagination of the architect and comes from the depths of his/her mind. At various stages of the design process including the creation of designs, architect travels in the world of imagination, examines the quality of architectural works and provides the basis for the formation of the physical nature of the design. Manuscript profile

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428 - Mystic Contents of Inscriptions of Sheikh Safi al-Din's Tomb
سیدهاشم حسینی

    In Islamic architecture the tombs, esp. those of the mystics’, are the most noteworthy architectural constructs next to mosques. Nearly all these mausoleums have some type of surface inscription in the stone, stucco, marble, mosaic and/or painting; More

    In Islamic architecture the tombs, esp. those of the mystics’, are the most noteworthy architectural constructs next to mosques. Nearly all these mausoleums have some type of surface inscription in the stone, stucco, marble, mosaic and/or painting; and specific verses from Quran or poems from famous poets are inscribed according to the functions of architectural elements. The present article tries to study the influence of Islamic mysticism in inscriptions of the tomb of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Is'haq Ardebili (1252-1334), eponym of the Safavid dynasty, based on Safvat as-safā, a hagiography of Sheikh Safi, written by Ebn Bazzāz (d. 1391-2), a disciple of Safi ad-Din's son and successor, Sadr al-Dīn Mūsā.     Manuscript profile

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429 - Creativity and personality traits in college students
Hossein Zare Mojgan Agah Heris Maryam Bayat

the goal of this research was to explain creativity based on personality traits. One-hundred and twenty-one female and 167 male college students, with a mean age of 24, were chosen by random multistage sampling method from the schools of art and architecture (N=98), phy More

the goal of this research was to explain creativity based on personality traits. One-hundred and twenty-one female and 167 male college students, with a mean age of 24, were chosen by random multistage sampling method from the schools of art and architecture (N=98), physical education (N=93) and engineering (N=98). The participants completed the Torrance Creativity Inventory (1966) and the Five Factor Personality Inventory (Costa & Mc Crae, 1992). Results showed that in all three groups creativity was correlated with neuroticism (negatively) and with openness, extraversion and conscientiousness (positively). Positive correlation between creativity and agreeableness was significant only in the physical education group. Comparison of correlations in all three groups using Fisher’s transformation was only significant between creativity and agreeableness in the two groups of physical education and art. Stepwise regression indicated that openness, extraversion and conscientiousness explained 34% of variance in creativity scores in the art group, extraversion and conscientiousness predicted 28% of variance in the engineering group, and agreeableness, extraversion and conscientiousness accounted for 38% of variance in creativity scores for the physical education group. It appears that personality traits can predict different levels of creativity in students Manuscript profile

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430 - Designing a smart contract process model based on blockchain technology Using Meta-Synthesis Research Method
Amin Pouya Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghoushi Sajad Shokohyar Mehdi Karimizand

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431 - Identifying the Components of Organizational Architecture (Case study: Tax Affairs Organization)
jaber karimi jashni amirhossien mohamaddavoudi lotfollah abbasi sorouk

Abstract Organizational architecture is one of the important factors in measuring the success of organizations and it is considered as a comprehensive solution for internal integration and at the same time adaptation of new organizations to environmental changes. This s More

Abstract Organizational architecture is one of the important factors in measuring the success of organizations and it is considered as a comprehensive solution for internal integration and at the same time adaptation of new organizations to environmental changes. This study identifies the components of organizational architecture in the country's tax affairs organization. Managers and staff of the Tax Affairs Organization formed the statistical community. Gender stratified method was used for sampling. The sample size according to Cochran's formula was 278 people. The research instrument was a questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale, validity (convergent and divergent) was confirmed and reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. Data analysis was performed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tests. The results showed that the components of organizational architecture in the above organization are: rules and regulations. Investment strategy. Knowledge-based human resources. The spirit of coordination and organizational cooperation. Risk management and ongoing IT activities. Reusability. Forming an organizational architecture management team. Committed to continuous human resource training. Keywords: Organizational Architecture, Tax Administration. Manuscript profile

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432 - Investigating the Relationship between Factors Affecting Organizational Entrepreneurship Strategy (Case Study: Companies Covered by Iran Mines and Minerals Development and Renovation Organization)
abbas ziaeikia Ali jahangiri javad mehrabi Ali Davari

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between factors affecting entrepreneurship strategy. The present study is of developmental and applied purpose and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this resea More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between factors affecting entrepreneurship strategy. The present study is of developmental and applied purpose and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research consisted of affiliated companies of Iran Mineral Development and Renovation Organization (Imidro) and sampling method in this research was 36 of them. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated 0.71 by Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software was used for analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the construct validity of the measuring instruments using PLS software. The results showed that out of 13 relationships, 9 were confirmed. And all relationships have a positive direction. (P <0.05). The findings show that the independent variable of external stimuli is not directly influenced by individual and organizational outcomes, but has been able to have a significant effect on strategic perspective and entrepreneurial orientation and behavior. The independent variable of entrepreneurial cognition influences individual and organizational outcomes And it has a significant impact on strategic vision, organizational architecture and entrepreneurial orientation and behavior. Of the three intermediate dependent variables (Strategic Perspective, Organizational Architecture and Entrepreneurial Behavior and Behavior), the two variables of Organizational Architecture and Entrepreneurial Behavior and Behavior affect Individual and Organizational Outcomes (P <0.05) and Strategic Perspective on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. It has been ineffective The strategic perspective has a positive impact on organizational architecture, which means that the strategic perspective indirectly influences the results. These are indicative of the fact that in the structure of the firms under study, corporate strategies are not embedded in the concept of organizational entrepreneurship. The second point that emerges from this research is that entrepreneurial culture does not exist in companies and if it is the case, individually or individually, that entrepreneurial activity is undertaken independently, it is spontaneous. Another issue we have come up with as a result of this research, and perhaps the root of many of the problems and failures of recent years in companies that are state-owned or state-owned or all of their stocks, is that despite the fact that Managers and executives seem to agree with entrepreneurial and innovative activities, but this is still a slogan and in practice they do not believe in entrepreneurship and so on. Manuscript profile

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433 - Typo-Morphology of social and cultural architecture of Qajar houses in Nobar neighborhood of Tabriz
Sara Pourmokhtar Mohammadreza Pakdelfard, Hasan Sattari Sarbangholi

10.30495/jscc.2023.1989678.2113

The historical context in the cities of Iran are rich treasures that are explored in various dimensions based on scientific analysis and can reveal their hidden aspects. One of these dimensions explored are historical houses. In different historical periods, houses are More

The historical context in the cities of Iran are rich treasures that are explored in various dimensions based on scientific analysis and can reveal their hidden aspects. One of these dimensions explored are historical houses. In different historical periods, houses are the most important scale of living in cities. Also, before they were a physical unit, they were a social, cultural and historical unit that took on a body affected by this characteristic. In this research, from the social and cultural aspect, the typology of the architecture of the Qajar houses in Nobar neighborhood of Tabriz has been discussed. The research method is historical interpretation and the means of collecting information is in the form of library, documents and historical texts and based on content analysis. After examining the structural changes of the society, the architecture of Qajar houses has been analyzed from the two dimensions of the cultural structure and the social structure in the spatial elements of the entrance, courtyard and internal spaces and accesses in the architectural body of the examples. The results of the research indicate how to create a specific architectural structure based on indicators such as cultural, social, economic, political and religious beliefs, according to which a single structure has been formed from the physical and functional aspects of Qajar houses in Nobar neighborhood of Tabriz. Manuscript profile

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434 - Investigating the Cultural and Social Effects of the Transition from Tradition to Modernity on the Physical Structure of Historical Houses in Tabriz
leyla firouzfar Mir Saeed Moosavi nima valizadeh Asadollah Shafizadeh

10.30495/jscc.2023.1991293.2122

The house, as one of the most important types of buildings, has always been a platform for social and cultural changes, and an important part of society's developments can be seen in it. From the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period, the archi More

The house, as one of the most important types of buildings, has always been a platform for social and cultural changes, and an important part of society's developments can be seen in it. From the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period, the architecture of houses in most cities, including Tabriz, was affected by social and cultural developments. Considering that most of the historical houses in Tabriz belong to the late Qajar and Pahlavi period, which coincides with the transition from tradition to modernity in Iran. In this research, the effectiveness of this transition on the evolution of the structure of houses was investigated from the perspective of architects. For this purpose, a questionnaire to measure the degree of impact (transition from tradition to modernity) in three components of historical houses of Tabriz, including spatial relationships, interior decorations and the main facade, has been prepared in the form of a five-point Likert spectrum and is available to architectural experts who have sufficient of this period were placed. The results show that there is a relatively significant relationship with the index of interior decorations in the course of this process. In the index of spatial relationships, a significant change is evident in the buildings leading to the first side, and in the third index of the main view of these buildings, no specific meaningful relationship is seen. What is worthy of consideration in this evolution is the greatest impact on the area of the arenas. Manuscript profile

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435 - Reading Finnish Architecture Through Tradition and Modernism
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Dogaheh

10.30495/jsps.2023.1976141.1025

The study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always More

The study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always been considered as one of the challenges of its contemporary architecture. And the purpose of this research is to know how factors such as materials, local materials and cultural aspects influence the formation of the historical periods of this region. The main question of the research is, what was the role of these factors in the formation of these courses? Descriptive-analytical and historical-interpretive research methods have been used with targeted sampling of the works of prominent architects of each period and their analysis. The data was collected in the form of documents and libraries. The independent variable of the research is nature and local materials, cultural currents, traditions and nationalist movements, and the dependent variable is Finnish architecture. The statistical population and sampling method is quota. The results of the research show that the historical periods of Finnish architecture before independence were influenced by Swedish and Russian architecture and neoclassicism, neogothic, eclectic, national and art nouveau styles, and after independence, Nordic style and modernist movements and in the reconstruction period after World War II has been the government's policies. In the period of contemporary architecture, three types of trends were formed under the influence of the works of Alvar Aalto, Pauli Blomstedt and Reima Pietilä, in which, in addition to historical and geographical factors, the surrounding nature and local culture also played a very important role in the continuation of tradition in the works of the present era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

436 - The Role of the Construction of Urban Water Supply Network in Tehran on the Spatial Layout of Residential Areas (By Reviewing Some Case Studies)
Morteza Mirzahosseini

10.30495/jsps.2023.1987244.1048

Water supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as was More

Water supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as washing and cleaning. Additionally, the water needed for the storage tanks and most of the household basins was supplied through canals. In houses, spaces such as kitchens, toilets, and bathhouses were usually located in the yard and separate from the living space, and the required water for them was mainly provided from storage tanks for the kitchen or the basin for the toilet. The high number of damages and the occurrence of various diseases such as typhoid, baldness, and intestinal swelling caused by consuming contaminated water and not observing hygiene, prompted the Iranian government to consider piping for providing drinking water to the people. Therefore, the main question of this research is how much piping and water supply through a specific route (pipeline system) has played a role in the spatial arrangement in residential architecture. The aim of this study is also to examine and investigate the first water supply system in Tehran through piping and its impact on the formation of residential architecture. The research is qualitative and uses a mixed method of interpretive historical research and descriptive-analytical method. The research results show that one of the significant factors in changing the spatial arrangement of residential architecture in Tehran was the construction of the pipeline network and the transfer of water into homes. The transformation of the spatial structure of houses from two-part to one-part, consisting of 60% building and 40% courtyard, is considered one of the most important results of constructing a pipeline network for Tehran. Also, as a result of the construction of the pipeline network, wet spaces such as kitchens were relocated closer to the entrance to use the main branch of the water supply, providing a basis for women's presence in the public space of the house. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

437 - Architectural Phenomenology, an Effective Paradigm in the Architectural Design of Spaces for Discovering Children's Talent
Alireza Vosough Mohammad khosro Sahaf

10.30495/jsps.2023.1980980.1041

The distancing of built environments in the period of modernity from the identity-behavioral needs of users has been the result of the extreme approach of functionalists and formalists to architecture. This caused a kind of alienation and confusion between users and the More

The distancing of built environments in the period of modernity from the identity-behavioral needs of users has been the result of the extreme approach of functionalists and formalists to architecture. This caused a kind of alienation and confusion between users and their environment. Children, as the future builders of the next generations of society, are influenced by their surroundings. Therefore, the quality role of children's environment in their mind and body is very important. This research tries to describe the architectural model of the environment with the concepts, foundations and methods of phenomenology and phenomenological discourse of architecture, which, in addition to being in line with the needs of users, is the basis for valuable research, that is, finding the talent of children and teenagers, so that architecture can be The correct form should be used for today's and tomorrow's generation. The main question of the research is how the phenomenological paradigm of architecture can be a suitable approach for the architectural design of children's talent discovery environments? Achieving the theoretical foundations and architectural design of children's talent discovery environments with the architectural phenomenology approach is the main goal of the research. The research method of this article is a combined descriptive-analytical and qualitative method of place phenomenology. Finally, it can be said that architectural phenomenology offers effective and useful foundations for the architectural model of children's talent discovery environments. such as orientation, centrality and rhythm, light and shadow, color, spatial diversity, conflict of senses, symbolism, nature, culture and authenticity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

438 - Examining the Common Aspects of Stylistics in Contemporary Iranian Architectural Works
Mehrdad Matin Alireza Joze piri

10.30495/jsps.2023.1967303.1006

کThe research is an investigation of stylistic methods and the extraction of common features in the works of contemporary Iranian architecture. Stylistics is one of the methods of simplifying and categorizing works. With the aim of extracting such commonalities, the que More

کThe research is an investigation of stylistic methods and the extraction of common features in the works of contemporary Iranian architecture. Stylistics is one of the methods of simplifying and categorizing works. With the aim of extracting such commonalities, the question of this paper: "If there are commonalities between stylistic methods in contemporary architectural writings, what is their number and composition?" and the hypothesis of this paper: "the existence of common methods and their categorization in contemporary architectural stylistics" are among the pillars of the research. Extracting and achieving a coherent structure for the stylistics of contemporary Iranian architecture based on the patterns used in the authored texts of this field and presenting a comprehensive theoretical model for categorizing the works of contemporary Iranian architecture. The research identifies the main factors after library study and categorization of 30 contemporary authored works and after examining the commonalities and differences of stylistic methods. It is a qualitative research with an interpretative strategy, which explains the background of stylistic commonalities in contemporary Iranian architectural works with the historical method and the use of inductive-deductive reasoning. By summarizing the documents and using stylistic common points, an eight-fold classification for the stylistic methods of contemporary architectural texts is explained, which is very complicated in comparison with similar stylistics. Among these, we can mention the simplicity of (Donald Newton Wilber) and (Mohammad Karim Pirnia)'s style. Compared to historical stylistics, narrative stylistics based on non-architectural and unwanted events is very complicated and ambiguous. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

439 - Recognition of Effective Physical Components in the Interior Architecture of Dental Clinics for Reduction of Stress Level.
Negin Arghavani Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi Maryam Majidi

10.30495/jsps.2023.1979153.1036

With the development of societies and the increase of various diseases, paying attention to mental and emotional issues has gained special importance. Therapeutic environments are spaces where anxiety and stress are abundantly seen. Being in an unfamiliar environment, n More

With the development of societies and the increase of various diseases, paying attention to mental and emotional issues has gained special importance. Therapeutic environments are spaces where anxiety and stress are abundantly seen. Being in an unfamiliar environment, not knowing about the treatment process, pain, injections, unpleasant smells, etc. can create an unpleasant feeling in patients. Today, paying attention to the body of the therapeutic environment and creating a healing environment for patients is the priority of designers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the reduction of stress in dental clinics and to provide specific solutions for the interior design of dental clinics, which creates a pleasant environment in the treatment process. In this research, firstly, the views of related theorists were examined and the conceptual model of the research was extracted from the summary of library and documentary studies. Then, by using a questionnaire, the opinions of experts and experts regarding the effective physical components of stress reduction were measured, and by using Amarispss software, the value level of the components was calculated and the components were ranked. Finally, the conceptual model was examined and analyzed in two case examples (Zafar Clinic and Vahdati Far Clinic) and the obtained results are presented in the form of tables and diagrams. According to the obtained results, the physical components of the environment such as: color, geometry and form, natural and artificial light, sound and music, ventilation and open air, natural elements and green space, desirable smell and aroma, desirable sight and view, Proportions and scale can help to reduce the stress of patients with a positive effect on their health and even lead to speeding up the healing process, and finally, its positive effects can be seen in the form of relaxation of patients in dental clinics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

440 - The Impact of Educational-Therapeutic Facilities with Interior Space Patterns Designed Using Environmental Psychology Approach on Vitality of Clients (Case Study: Taban Diabetes Center)
Elahe Shahi Ardestani Jamaleddin Soheili

10.30495/jsps.2023.1976715.1028

With industrialization of cities and incorporation of new technologies into modern life, humans have been driven towards sedentary lifestyles, which has, in turn, led to emergence and intensification of dangerous health problems such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, More

With industrialization of cities and incorporation of new technologies into modern life, humans have been driven towards sedentary lifestyles, which has, in turn, led to emergence and intensification of dangerous health problems such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and … which is followed by increasing reference to therapeutic and educational centers. Architects have introduced environmental psychology as an effective tool to alleviate the anxiety caused by attending educational and therapeutic centers and have investigated the effects of its components on training and recovery of clients. The population of the present study included some educational-therapeutic centers and the required data were collected from relevant library documents and texts. Speaking of methodology, the present research falls into the category of correlational and inductive reasoning studies. The results suggest that incorporation of environmental factors such as nature and green space, light and illumination and scenery into educational-therapeutic environments for the purpose of improving education, empowerment and self-care principles can have positive effects on temperament of clients and consequently create a sense of vitality and belonging ( as the basic premise of the present article) in addition to reducing the disease progression rate and its complications which could in turn contribute to the disease control, this approach can create a sense of peace of mind in clients and help them return to society. Therefore, the results indicate that some architectural design patterns used in educational-therapeutic centers can not only meet some needs of clients, but can provide the ground for their social interactions and create a sense of vitality in them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

441 - An Investigation of the Effects of Reusing Traditional Houses as Schools of Architecture on Students and the Local People (Case Study : Traditional Houses in Ardabil)
Mahsa Javadi Nodeh Azadeh Shahcheragi

10.30495/jsps.2022.1967698.1009

Using traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate l More

Using traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate learning environments can leave positive effects on the education of the students of architecture.However, these beneficiaries have not been considered in the related processes and the effects of their needs on different aspects of changing the use class of these houses have not been evaluated. Therefore, in the present study, the effective criteria in reusing traditional houses as schools of architecture were evaluated from the viewpoints of the people living in the historical texture and the students of architecture so as to determine the effects of these criteria on the education of the students and the quality of life of the local residents.The traditional houses located in Uch-Dokan Neighborhood were propounded by the experts for these purposes.The houses in this neighborhood were investigated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.A questionnaire validated by Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate operational research patterns. Also, considering the normal distribution of the main variables, both descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between the purposes of the beneficiaries and the variables of the study from the viewpoints of the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the residents of Uch-Dokan Neighborhood. The results indicated that from the viewpoints of the students, attending to perceptual dimensions (aesthetics, belonging...) was the most effective factor on their education when using the traditional houses as schools of architecture. From the viewpoints of the residents, functional dimensions (social and cultural activities..) were found to have the highest correlation with their quality of life and vitality in the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

442 - The Influence of Mystical Ideas on the Architectural Decorations of Ilkhanid Period Buildings (Case Study of Varamin Grand Mosque)
Lida Balilan Asl Hannaneh Fayyaz Moghaddam Roghayyeh Ghaffari Hafez

10.30495/jsps.2022.1972700.1021

During different historical eras, political, social and religious developments have appeared in the best way in art and architecture in such a way that the architectural works of each era show the dominant beliefs and thoughts of that society; Ilkhani society has also b More

During different historical eras, political, social and religious developments have appeared in the best way in art and architecture in such a way that the architectural works of each era show the dominant beliefs and thoughts of that society; Ilkhani society has also been dominated by mystical and Sufism ideas. In this period, mystical teachings were spread in all parts of society, especially architecture and architectural decorations; So that these influences are evident in most of the buildings of this period. The subject of this article is to investigate the influence of mystical ideas on the architectural decorations of the Ilkhanid period and the decorations of Varamin Jame Mosque, as one of the important buildings of this period. In other words, this research examines the manifestation of mysticism in the architectural works and decorations of the Ilkhanid period. The research method of the article is the review and interpretive-historical analyzes of texts and architectural works of the Ilkhanid period. From the findings of the research, this hypothesis is proposed that Sufism and mystical thoughts have influenced the government and patriarchal architects and these influences are visible in the architectural decorations of the buildings of this period, especially in the decorations of mosques. All three types of decorations (geometric, plant and inscription) have been used in Varamin Grand Mosque, and these designs are mainly geometric or inscription. However, there are plant motifs in the building, although few. These inscriptions have religious or historical themes that historical inscriptions are used for how and when they started. Also, the symbolic concepts of numbers and shapes are abundantly used in the geometric designs, which have the largest amount of decorations and are used in a very effective style, which refer to mystical themes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

443 - An Elemental Metaphor from the Linguistic Dimension of Architecture, Attunement and Poetic in the Interpretation of Alberto Pérez-Gómez
Sahar Lori Alikhani Mehrdad Matin

10.30495/jsps.2022.1967826.1011

In the seventeenth century, Descartes turned attentions from objectivity to subjectivity. Modern architecture is usually tied to the concept of abstraction, and less can be learned from semantics and signage in modern forms than in previous eras. The language that may u More

In the seventeenth century, Descartes turned attentions from objectivity to subjectivity. Modern architecture is usually tied to the concept of abstraction, and less can be learned from semantics and signage in modern forms than in previous eras. The language that may ultimately create a culture for designing moods based on culture with more claims to a sense of the world is poetic or literary language, the basic unit of which is metaphor. The architect, by adopting strategies that use metaphorical language, begins to design places related to culture. In architecture, the subject is not just a building, but the meaningful event that exists, life itself. The language with which architecture can make the living space meaningful is poetic language. Take advantage of metaphor is the best way to express poetry poetically in architectural design. The research method is analytical, descriptive and qualitative; The main question of the research is: "Can we get rid of modern architectural crises with poetic language and metaphorical element?". In order to answer this question, the sounds of architecture, the voice of the architect and the use of metaphor in architecture were examined. Then, with the help of sorting the types of metaphors in architecture in three forms: tangible, intangible and combined, the examples of contemporary architecture were examined. The result of this research shows that the way out of the modern architectural crisis that has been faced in the last fifty years is to engage hermeneutics and pay attention to poetic language in architecture. Architects use metaphor as a strategy towards creativity; Because in the modern period the focus was on the scientific and mathematical approach, few people paid attention to the poetic concepts of the works; However, by examining some works, a poetic approach was observed and it was shown that architects use metaphors in different ways and use different interpretations to turn them into visual images. In fact, the metaphorical nature of the architectural form extends to the contemporary period, and what is omitted due to abstraction is the tangible expression of metaphor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

444 - Evaluating the spatial quality of architecture universities with a social sustainability approach
Mansoureh Farokhi Razeih Labibzadeh Hosein Zabihi

10.30495/jsps.2023.1993735.1061

Sustainable architecture is a method of architecture that is responsive to environmental and spatial conditions and uses the capabilities of its surrounding environment to create favourable conditions. In recent years, social factors as a prerequisite for sustainability More

Sustainable architecture is a method of architecture that is responsive to environmental and spatial conditions and uses the capabilities of its surrounding environment to create favourable conditions. In recent years, social factors as a prerequisite for sustainability have attracted a lot of attention. Social sustainability in architecture is focused on the qualitative features of space and mutual relationships between human needs and living space, and it can influence people's interactions and social relationships.One of the spaces that is particularly important in terms of architectural design is the space where architecture students or future designers are trained. These academic spaces or architecture schools need special attention in terms of spatial quality characteristics to reach the necessary desirability and while providing students' satisfaction, it is socially sustainable.Research question: Investigating what the components of social sustainability are and how these features can be used to increase the spatial desirability of architecture universities are the main questions of this article.Research purpose: the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the components of social sustainability in improving the quality and spatial desirability of the architecture universities, based on increasing the satisfaction of students.Research method: In the present research, which is presented by qualitative method and content analysis, at first, different theories in the field of social sustainability are discussed based on library and documentary studies. Then the challenges of the academic spaces of architecture are explained and finally, a model is proposed to improve the quality of the educational space of architecture schools with a social sustainability approach.Conclusion: The findings and analysis of the content of the research show that the quality level of spaces increases with architectural ideas such as: spatial form and geometry, suitable and readable accesses, suitable dimensions and spatial proportions, suitable quality of materials, suitable ventilation, correct lighting and et. will be effective in increasing social interactions, sense of attachment, belonging to the place, solidarity, and identity. In other words, they will lead the educational space towards sustainability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

445 - Explaining the Psychological Model of Liveliness Actualization in the Context of Residential Architecture
Hossein Rezaei Parvin Soltani

10.30495/jsps.2023.2001449.1073

In recent decades, extensive studies have been conducted in environmental psychology, which investigates behavior considering human needs in the context of the physical environment and daily life. However, due to the lack of appropriate measure tools to apply the result More

In recent decades, extensive studies have been conducted in environmental psychology, which investigates behavior considering human needs in the context of the physical environment and daily life. However, due to the lack of appropriate measure tools to apply the results in architecture, especially about housing, it has not helped much to increase the liveliness and subsequently improve the users of residential buildings' quality of life on a macro scale (society). Therefore, the question of current research is how the mechanism of the impact of architecture quality on the liveliness and improvement of residents' quality of life can be explained and how the results can be applied in practice. Thus, this study has purposefully considered the psychological concept of liveliness as one of the desirable human goals and operationally described it as a qualitative degree of the environment, using a qualitative method of meta-synthesis. Hence, an interdisciplinary systematic comprehension of the optimal design process and its resulting physical factors would be achieved, by using the principles of environmental psychology. It should meet the users' various needs to make the environment meaningful. As a result, creating positive levels of the sense of place affects the persons' feelings and behaviors, affording liveliness and high quality of life in the context of residential spaces as much as possible. In this regard, related physical factors were coded and analyzed in three macro-categories of spatial features, environmental affordances, and environmental attributes formulated in a theoretical model as an architectural strategy to realize liveliness. Moreover, the necessity, solutions, obstacles, and challenges of generalizing the results of the proposed model were discussed. Finally, it should be acknowledged that people's liveliness is significantly related to aspects of the relationship between man and his living physical environment, which can be improved by implementing the principles of environmental psychology in design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

446 - Application of Gireh on Free Surface Pattern with Recognition of Gireh Projection on Iranian Domes Surface in the Congruence Method
Aref Azizpour Shoubi َAhad NeJad Ebrahimi

10.30495/jsps.2023.1976429.1027

Free surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, More

Free surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, whereas free surfaces expand irregularly and three-dimensionally. Gireh-work is considered one of the original and identity-giving decorations in Islamic architecture. To identify and develop contemporary architecture and past architectural achievements, it is necessary to find a strategy for projecting Girehes on free surfaces based on historical authenticity. The Islamic architecture of Iran has had many valuable achievements that can be applied to contemporary architectural challenges. In Iranian Islamic architecture, the dome and Gireh decoration play a crucial role, so the Iranian architect has tried to match these two elements using the geometric features of the dome and Gireh. As part of a qualitative research process, two examples of Iranian domes have been selected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach in order to answer the following question: how Gireh’s geometrical principles on domical surfaces can be applied to contemporary free surfaces? In order to project Gireh onto the dome, a network based on radial gore segments was used as part of the projection technique. Transferring Girehs based on this network causes congruence homogeneity. Topological models of free surfaces are based on NURBS lines, making it possible to discretize and define the points on them. This makes it possible to apply anisotropic congruence transformation to Gireh projections on free surfaces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

447 - An Evaluation Of Ecological Solutions Based On Energy Efficiency In The Vernacular Architecture Of Ardabil
mahsa javadi nodeh azadeh shahcheraghi alireza andalib

10.22034/ap.2021.1921696.1087

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

448 - Control of Air Pollution by Shell (Architectural Solutions to Control Air Pollution in Ahvaz)
Anahid Sasan Reza Behbehani Hassan Ebrahimy Asl

Environmental pollution caused by climate change and human factors caused by the increase in the world's population and as a result of the uncontrolled development of cities, has caused problems in settlements. These include declining quality of living environment and r More

Environmental pollution caused by climate change and human factors caused by the increase in the world's population and as a result of the uncontrolled development of cities, has caused problems in settlements. These include declining quality of living environment and residential buildings. This research has sought to control environmental pollution in the building space as the main goal. In order to solve this problem, construction shells have been selected as a solution and three different types with three different approaches of biological shells, intelligent moving shells and two-shell facades have been studied, analyzed and proposed. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this research, combined methods and using different sciences have been used to do it. The research is applied in nature, to explain the theoretical framework and collect data, as well as to select the influential components, it has benefited from the study of the background effective on the subject, as well as the field method. In order to obtain the number of pollutants entering the building in each of the models, the simulation method has been used using related software. Data analysis and evaluation has been done through simulation method. One of the results of this research was to present a model to be used in the city of Ahvaz in order to control environmental pollution. At the end, after observing the analysis of the studied indicators in the current state of the building, the proposed models were also analyzed and reviewed and the results were presented in the form of a diagram. Comparing the current situation with the first model, the number of environmental pollutants, both outside the building and adjacent to the building wall and inside the building, has decreased significantly. This is despite the fact that the reduction of pollutants has increased compared to the current situation with the second model, and the proposed measures and model have been fully effective Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

449 - Examining the Position of Movement in the Perceptual Promotion of Mosques, Based on the Epistemological Views of Mulla Sadra(Case Study: Hakim Mosque)
Mahdi Baniasadi Baghmirani Seyed Behshid Hosseini azadeh اshahcheraghi

The basis of Mullah Sadra's epistemological discussions is based on the theory of substantial motion. Based on this theory, the promotion of perception in mosques requires movement of the audience in spaces. In this presence, different levels of movement are experienced More

The basis of Mullah Sadra's epistemological discussions is based on the theory of substantial motion. Based on this theory, the promotion of perception in mosques requires movement of the audience in spaces. In this presence, different levels of movement are experienced, which elevates the perception of the observer from the material level to the spiritual level. Considering the importance of this issue, the purpose of this research is to identify types of movement in architectural spaces, and to analyze how to promote perception in mosques. The key question is: How does movement in the spaces of mosques make it possible to promote perception? And in different levels of movement in mosques, which of the perceptual hierarchy is experienced? This research is interdisciplinary, analytical-interpretive and case study. In the research literature, through the analysis of philosophical texts and relying on Mulla Sadra's theory of substantial motion, the perceptual hierarchy and types of movement have been explained, and it has been analyzed in the space of mosques; Finally, with an interpretive view, the position of movement in the perceptual hierarchy in Hakim Mosque has been investigated. According to the theory of substantial motion, with the movement of the observer in the spaces of mosques, including the Hakim Mosque, in the passage of time, a level of movement occurs on the individual, which initially includes perception in the material layer; But the higher levels of movement and the evolution of the essence of the human soul, perceptions belong to the inner layer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

450 - Cultural Capacities of Cross-Border Paradiplomacy of Countries in the Area of Cultural Iran
ahmad saei maryam khaleginezhad ali ashraf nazari majid tavasoli roknabadi

Today, non-governmental activists call for various activities in the field of cross-border communications. This activity, called paradiplomacy within the framework of some laws, leads to an increase in the national power of a country and government. Due to the importanc More

Today, non-governmental activists call for various activities in the field of cross-border communications. This activity, called paradiplomacy within the framework of some laws, leads to an increase in the national power of a country and government. Due to the importance of culture in the present world and its functions, in this article we intend to study the paradiplomatic cultural capacity of the countries in the area of cultural Iran, to the theory of cross-border cultural paradiplomacy. And to show what capacities there are for establishing our cross-border cultural paradiplomacy between Iran and the countries under study. According to the study, the research findings emphasize the existence of different cultural capacities including language, ethnicity, religion, identity, architecture, literature, celebrities and customs. The question of the article is what are the common cultural capacities between the countries in the area of cultural Iran? In response, the paper hypothesizes that there are diverse cultural contexts ranging from language, ethnicity, religion to architecture and art, and various scientific contexts for cross-border cultural paradiplomatic communication. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

451 - Analysis of effective civilizing components by the Idrisian government in the early centuries of Islam on non-Muslim countries and cities
feyzolla boushasb azam mozafari alireza abtahi

The Idrisians were the first Shiite sect to gain political power in the Islamic world. They managed to rule for about three centuries, first completely independently and then as agents of the remaining Umayyad caliphate based in Spain. The results of this establishment More

The Idrisians were the first Shiite sect to gain political power in the Islamic world. They managed to rule for about three centuries, first completely independently and then as agents of the remaining Umayyad caliphate based in Spain. The results of this establishment and consolidation of political forces gradually manifested themselves in the fields of culture and civilization to the point that many researches on Idrisi culture and civilization testify. But the unspoken point in this regard is their influence on Muslim and non-Muslim neighbors who gradually became fascinated by the civilization and cultural thought of the Idrisians. The present article has dealt with the most important examples and components of civilization that have emerged and spread during the rule of the Idrisians and in addition to them were exported directly to other countries, countries and tribes directly or indirectly. According to the results, if we consider civilization as a source of two factors of unity and religion and recognize it on the basis of principles such as architecture, bureaucratic system and trade-political relations, then we can see how many achievements of the civilization of the Idrisian period from countries. Africa has spread to Spain and Portugal. Although the form of this expansion has not been balanced and homogeneous, eventually the profound effects of the structure of the Idris civilization can be seen in all these geographical and political spheres. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

452 - Investigating creativity in teaching semiotics based on the nature of undergraduate architecture students
Mohsen Mohammadpour Totonsiz cyrus bavar saeid piri ندا ضیابخش

In fact, what is more important than the design itself is the design process. Nature is full of semiotic effects that can be used in education, and each of these signs, in addition to their visual effects, has a meaning that can play a decisive role in creating a mental More

In fact, what is more important than the design itself is the design process. Nature is full of semiotic effects that can be used in education, and each of these signs, in addition to their visual effects, has a meaning that can play a decisive role in creating a mental schema in people. This research, with a quasi-experimental design, seeks to investigate the effectiveness of Torrance's creativity components after training based on semiotics. Causal-comparative research method with quantitative approach and analogical strategy. The statistical population is the students of the fourth year of Semnan Azad University, who are placed in two groups of control (24 people) and test (22 people). The analytical results will be based on inferential and descriptive statistics. JMPSAS17 software is used to facilitate this research and provide numerical and graphical outputs. results show that Based on the results obtained from the regression model, it is clear that the average factor share in the control group is (0.677) and in the test group (0.763), which has increased creativity by 6%. In the control group, the highest determination coefficient is related to originality. with a value of (0.746) and the lowest is related to the fluidity variable with a value of (0.548). In the test group, the lowest fluidity variable is with a value of (0.589) and the highest is related to the flexibility variable with a value of (1.000). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

453 - Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting the Selection of Architectural Type and Leveling Based on Climate Conditions Using the ANP Method (Case Study: Ahvaz Metropolis)
Sajad Norouzi Dr.Farideh Asadian Dr.Seyyed Jamaloddin Daryabari Dr.Reza Borna

The present study aimed to identify and rank the factors affecting the selection of architecture and leveling of educational centers according to climate conditions using the ANP method. Library and field methods were used to collect data. Data collection tools were dat More

The present study aimed to identify and rank the factors affecting the selection of architecture and leveling of educational centers according to climate conditions using the ANP method. Library and field methods were used to collect data. Data collection tools were databases related to climatology in the Ahvaz metropolis. To weigh each factor, the opinions of experts and ANP were used. The factors were also ranked based on the weight of each factor. The results revealed that pollution prevention with a weight of 0.099, sunny hours with a weight of 0.099, and access with a relative weight of 0.096 had the highest weights among the obtained sub-indices. Thus, they were ranked first to third, respectively. Other sub-indicators were placed in other ranks based on the weights obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

454 - The Context of Time in the Philosophical Discourses of Contemporary Architecture and Urban Planning based on the Theory of Space Production
Mozhdeh Jamshidi

Time and space have been central issues in legal-philosophical discourses, with each philosophical system offering different views on these concepts. The components of space and time in architecture and urban planning throughout history play a significant role in the em More

Time and space have been central issues in legal-philosophical discourses, with each philosophical system offering different views on these concepts. The components of space and time in architecture and urban planning throughout history play a significant role in the embodiment and meaning of the human environment. This research aims to identify the temporal context in the production of space by focusing on the components that form the structure of thinking in philosophical-judicial discourses and the rationality governing contemporary architecture and urban planning in Iran. By limiting factors to thinkers and planning processes at the global level, the signs of the context of time in the construction of space are identified. The qualitative and interpretive method of this research uses inductive analysis, focusing on the ideas and works of contemporary thinkers, as well as social trends and movements. The results indicate that the foundations of time in the production of space in contemporary Iran stem from psychology and sociology, and are still at the beginning of shaping dominant ideas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

455 - Description of the Distributed Architecture for Processing Streaming Social Network Data
Ali Rezaee binazir ganji Sahar Adabi ali movaghari

Introduction: To analyze big data, especially streaming social network data, we require real-time and distributed systems to process streaming data with high speed and efficiency. In this paper, a distributed architecture for collecting, ingesting, processing, storing a More

Introduction: To analyze big data, especially streaming social network data, we require real-time and distributed systems to process streaming data with high speed and efficiency. In this paper, a distributed architecture for collecting, ingesting, processing, storing and visualizing streaming social network data based on Kappa architecture is introduced. Also, the proposed architecture includes a component for detecting anomalous data. Method: We utilize the 4+1 architectural view models to visually illustrate the various architectural layers, components, and their interactions. Results: The proposed architecture serves as a distributed solution designed for processing streaming social network data. We utilized the 4+1 architectural view model and UML diagrams to outline proposed architecture. This documentation clearly outlines the data processing pipeline and specifies both functional and non-functional system requirements. Discussion: The proposed architecture is designed to process streaming social network data, leveraging distributed and parallel solutions for improved efficiency. Anomaly detection is a pivotal component integrated within the architecture to identify outlier data, enhancing processing precision and quality. By utilizing the 4+1 architectural view model and UML diagrams, the proposed architecture is effectively outlined, ensuring a well-defined structure that aids in organizing information. This structured approach provides stakeholders with tailored architectural views that cater to their individual needs and priorities. Notable functional requirements include real-time processing, while non-functional requirements encompass scalability, interoperability, portability, usability, and efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

456 - Application of Demetel method in identifying the effects of human resource architecture dimensions in medical hospitals of the country.
Farhad Maadi Farhad Nejadirani Gholamreza Rahimi Seiied abdollah hojjati

In the hospital environment, the role of human resource management and staff attention is more sensitive for all managers than other organizations. One of the ways to prevent competitors in the healthcare industry requires dynamic human resource management that responds More

In the hospital environment, the role of human resource management and staff attention is more sensitive for all managers than other organizations. One of the ways to prevent competitors in the healthcare industry requires dynamic human resource management that responds appropriately to these developments. The extent of the effects of dimensions on the human resource architecture of medical hospitals in the country is a necessary matter. A hierarchy of factors along with the relationships of influence and mutual influence are identified and finally important and influential factors on the intelligent organization are extracted. The statistical population of the relevant managers and specialists in the Social Security Organization during October and November 1397 and the main data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results showed that among the 29 criteria, the criterion of applicability, organizational capital, management processes, vision and mission, economic justification and improvement and modernization with the highest line sum among other criteria in order to choose the most influential components of human resource architecture It has the most impact on other elements and has the needs identification with the least impact on other elements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

457 - Explaining the Ratio of Flexibility and Personalization in Design Software
Asieh Ostadi Kaveh Bazrafkan MohamadMahdi Ghiaee

The development and evolution of architectural design software have always impacted the quality of architectural work. Flexible software in architectural design has exacerbated architects' undeniable need for this software. The purpose of this study is to study the flex More

The development and evolution of architectural design software have always impacted the quality of architectural work. Flexible software in architectural design has exacerbated architects' undeniable need for this software. The purpose of this study is to study the flexibility of architectural design software in the process of personalizing architectural designs in architectural design software. The present study has been used to analyze the flexibility of AutoCAD, Archi-CAD, Revit, Sketchup, 3Ds Max, and V-Ray software and their impact on the process of personalization of architectural designs. The data collection method is library and field studies with interview and survey tools. The results of this study show that, among architectural design software, AutoCAD software has the least amount of flexibility and the least impact on the personalization of designs. 3Ds Max and V Ray software have the most flexibility and the most impact on the personalization of designs in the architectural design process. Also, Sketchup and Archicad software have a moderate degree of flexibility and a moderate effect on the personalization of designs in the architectural design process. Therefore, it can be concluded that the greater the flexibility of architectural design in the process of architectural design, the greater the degree of personalization of designs, from the idea to the final design. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

458 - A New Model to Choose the Appropriate Organizational Architecture Framework for the Social Security Organization
Atena Ghorbani آمنه خدیور samaneh rahimian

Today، due to the developments in emerging technologies and the changing role of information and communication systems، and as a result of the increasing complexity of organizations، the need for organizational architecture has become more prominent. The organizational More

Today، due to the developments in emerging technologies and the changing role of information and communication systems، and as a result of the increasing complexity of organizations، the need for organizational architecture has become more prominent. The organizational architecture approach، as a dominant model in the field of information technology planning، is used more and more every day in the government and private organizations of the country. The current research was done to provide a model for choosing the appropriate organizational architecture framework. Therefore، the research method of this study consists of three parts: in the first part، the library method، the second part، the descriptive quantitative method، and in the third part، the multivariate decision-making methods are used. The results showed that eight common criteria for evaluating organizational architecture frameworks include paying attention to laws and regulations، paying attention to the business environment، re-execution capability، documenting decisions، paying attention to strategic orientations، flexibility، maturity level، and paying attention to the interactions of the organization\'s components. In addition، it can be said that the TOGAF، DoDAF، Federal and Zackman frameworks are used as common architectural frameworks. According to the experts، the TOGAF framework is the most appropriate organizational architecture framework to be used in the social security organization، and Zackman، Federal، and DoDAF frameworks were ranked second to fourth، respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

459 - Investigating the Use of Water in the Traditional Architecture of Qajar Period and Determining the Geographic Dispersion in Yazd Province
Negin Shahabi Amir Farajolahi Rod Vahid Ahmadi Hamid Reza shoaei

The objective of the current study is investigating the use of water in the traditional architecture of Qajar Period in Yazd City and the manner of thematic dispersion in the area under study. The research has employed mixed methods (Qualitative and quantitative). In or More

The objective of the current study is investigating the use of water in the traditional architecture of Qajar Period in Yazd City and the manner of thematic dispersion in the area under study. The research has employed mixed methods (Qualitative and quantitative). In order to identify the aspects of using water in the traditional architecture, the interpretive historical method was employed. The mentioned aspects were prioritized by using Delphi Method (experts’ panel) and questionnaires (spectral checklist). Finally, in order to draw the zoning maps, GIS Software, Version 3.3 was used. Results showed that a total of fifteen components were identified in the form of two main aspects (conceptual and physical) as the main components of using water in the traditional architecture in Yazd Province. The component of “hierarchy” with the weight factor of 4.63 and the component of “color” with the weight factor of 4.44 were the most significant ones and the component of “empty space”, with the weight factor of 2.41 was recognized as the least significant one. With regards to six aspects of using water, there was no difference among the cities of Yazd Province, and the type of attitude to these components was equal throughout the province to a great extent. With regards to the components of transparency, hierarchy, color, environmental health and nature, some differences were observed throughout the province, in such a way that these components mostly play a role and are significant at the center of the province (Yazd City) and the west side of the province. Yazd province has been very progressive and diverse in the field of water application in architecture, So that all dimensions and functional components of water have been reflected in the architecture of the Qajar period. Manuscript profile

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