Presenting a Model of Qur’anic Approach Components Affecting the Tehran’s Contemporary Apartment Housing Architecture
Subject Areas :Mirza Ali Sheidaneh Morid 1 , Mehdi Sharifi 2 , Seyed Mahmoud Mmoeini 3
1 - Phd Architecture, Department of Architecture, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
2 - Assistant professor, Department of Architecture, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 - Assistant professor, Department of Architecture, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran.
Keywords: architecture, dwelling, apartment, contemporary,
Abstract :
Attention to quantity and failure to pay attention to quality as well as voidness of apartment housing of meaning, lack of meaningful relationships between Islamic-Iranian housing architecture culture and the imitated Western-styled apartment housing have caused disruption of the identity and link between the Islamic-Iranian housing architecture and the bright history of architecture of this land. Thus, this research was carried out with the question: What are the Qur’anic approach-based components affecting contemporary apartment housing? Moreover, the goal was to present a model of Qur’anic approach-based components affecting the contemporary apartment building architecture in Tehran. This quantitative and qualitative method (which involves a mixed method) was performed concurrently in three complementary phases. The most important components affecting the contemporary apartment housing architecture were 33 cases which Table 6 shows that 12% of those components have affected the contemporary housing architecture, and 88% affected the traditional housing architecture. Meanwhile, the most specific components by the percentage of their importance as a valuable Islamic model were introduced as the final components of the [model] as they included peace and security (98%), intimacy (96%), human dignity (94%), servitude (94%), privacy (92%), safety, strength and firmness (92%), humiliation (90%), bio-sustainable factors (90%), creativity (88%), and dynamism and activity (82%). A comparative review of the research results and six papers on urban housing revealed that the components derived from the present research were both materially and spiritually comprehensive. As for the contemporary apartment housing architecture pathology, various apartment spaces in architecture have suffered serious damages due to diminishing role and loss of effective components.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In the face of the twentieth century’s modern architecture, changing identity developments in housing architecture gave rise to new housing types worldwide. These types were also different from the previous traditional models. Views and perspectives of architecture theorists such as Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Wright, and Philip Johnson, and theories debated at the Bauhaus School and the Athenian Chart, directly and indirectly, contributed to these changing Western contemporary housing developments. These changes were imitated in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi I and II eras and were imported to Iran. In the meantime, the population growth and migration to cities affected the housing models, which included culture and social relations, economy, politics and technology, thus disrupting the spatial hierarchy and undermining house privacy and diminishing flexibility, eventually leading to house exteriority. Construction of apartments without regard for the religious culture became commonplace, and house spatial organization did change. This led to the diminishing role of effective Quranic components and human values in houses. It is thus pivotal to do the present study and to identify and use the model of effective Qur’anic components within the contemporary apartment housing architecture. This topic was chosen due to the diminishing role of human dignity in contemporary apartments. No human-made product or structure can be sought to not have been affected by or otherwise affected the culture.
Methodology
This research was quantitative and qualitative, which falls under mixed methods. It was carried out in three complementary phases: the first phase involved a review of the literature, the Qur’an and library books; the second phase involved the Delphi method, and the third phase was a qualitative analysis of the interviews. Tools to measure and analyze the data in the interview section include a researcher-developed questionnaire, manual compression and survey of data, and scoring of final data by the experts as shown on a 5-point Likert scale, in addition to statical and mathematical operations and means and percentages.
Results and discussion
Consistent with a comparative study, results of 6 academic contributions on the examination of Maskan Mehr apartment Housing characteristics in cities of Shiraz, Baharan neighborhood of Sanandaj, Khorramabad, Zanjan, Shirin Shahr of Ahvaz, and one single contribution on the development of guidelines to remove the problems suggested that residents were not pleased with living in those apartment complexes, citing lack of quality of the materials, improper monitoring, lack of access to urban services and infrastructure and minimum construction costs, as being physical and material factors, to be factors which caused dissatisfaction among the residents. This present study has used the Qur’an to derive comprehensive material and spiritual factors. The most important components affecting the contemporary apartment housing architecture were 33 cases Table 6 shows that 12% of those components have affected the contemporary housing architecture, and 88% affected the traditional housing architecture. Meanwhile, the most specific components by the percentage of their importance as a valuable Islamic model were introduced as the final components of the [model] as they included peace and security (98%), intimacy (96%), human dignity (94%), servitude (94%), privacy (92%), safety, strength and firmness (92%), humiliation (90%), bio-sustainable factors (90%), creativity (88%), and dynamism and activity (82%). The model components derived from this research reveal the latent angles of the loss or diminishing role of religious indicators within the depth of the contemporary apartment housing architecture structure, with the Qur’anic value indicators becoming undermined and rendering ineffective in all architectural spaces of the apartment over the past 100 years ago.
Conclusion
The components which were designated as the final components of the model were security (98%), intimacy (96%), human dignity (94%), servitude (94%), privacy (92%), safety, strength and firmness (92), humiliation (90%), bio-sustainable factors (90%), creativity (88%), and dynamism and activity (82%). This research can be applicable for planning by the Ministry of Road and Urban Development, Ministry of the Interior, Municipalities and the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation, and National Engineering System Organization and serve as a model for the control, monitoring and direct measures for the contemporary Tehran housing architecture.
1- [Imam] Ja'far al-Sadiq A. (1980). Tawheed al Mufaddal. Translated by Mohammad Baqir Majlisi. Tehran: Faqih Publications. [In Persian].
2- Ardalan, N., & Bakhtiar, L. (2012). Sense of unity - The role of tradition in Iranian architecture. Tehran: Alam Memar Publication. [In Persian].
3- Asefi, M., & Imani, E. (2016). Redefining the ideal contemporary Iranian-Islamic housing design patterns with qualitative assessment of traditional houses. Islamic Architecture Research Quarterly, 11(4). URL: http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-486-fa.html. [In Persian].
4- Ayazi, S. M. H. (2015). Valuable buildings in Tehran with commercial, residential, and public valuation. Dimond Publications. [In Persian].
5- Bahrampour, A. (2012). The Holy Qur'an, Tehran: Avaye Quran Publications. [In Persian].
6- Barati, N. (2003). Recognizing the concept of home in the Persian language and culture. Journal of Soil, 8. [In Persian].
7- Bemanian, M. R., & Zandi, M. (2017). Iranian housing and lifestyle. Tehran: avvaloakhar publications. [In Persian].
8- Burckhardt, T. (2017). Sacred Art. Translation: Jalal Sattari. Tehran: Soroush Publications.
9- Bushland, G. (1958). Boston Poe cs of space.
10- Culayni Mhw, S. E. (2005). Kitab al-Kafi. Qom: eslamiyeh Publications.
11- Daneshpour, A., Shahryari, S., & Panahi, F. (2022). Investigating factors affecting the association of the concept of identity in the architecture and urban planning of Shiraz. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning and Research, 13(48), 1-16.
12- Dehkhoda. (1996). Dehkhoda Dictionary. Publications: University of Tehran
13- Dejhkam, J. (1994). Government and Housing Problems. The first seminar on the housing policy process, University of Tehran.
14- Diba, D. (1999). Inspiration and perception of the basic concepts of Iranian architecture. Culture of Islamic Architecture and Urbanism Journal, 1(1).
15- Guenon, R. (1999). The Crisis of the Modern World, Translation: Ziauddin Dehshiri. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications.
16- Haeri, M. R. (2009). House, culture, nature, the study of historical and contemporary houses. Tehran: Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center.
17- Hashemi, R. (1996). House and Architect. Abadi journal, 23 (10), 2-8.
18- Heidegger, M. (2007). Being and Time, First Edition. Ghoghnoos Books.
19- Javadi Amoli, A. (1987). Thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. Tehran: Raja Cultural Publishing Center.
20- Mohammadi Rey Shahri, M. (2005). Mizan al-Hikmeh. Darolhadith pub.
21- Moin, M. (1992) Persian Dictionary. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.
22- Moztarzadeh, H., & Hojjati, V. (2011). Feature optimal housing and the pathology of its problems in Iran, National Iranian Housing Conference, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch.
23- Naghizadeh, M. (2011). The ideal city of Islam or the atmosphere of the good life. Tehran: Shahr.
24- Nahj ol-Balaghe, translated by Mohammad Dashti (2000). First edition. Qom: Mashour Publications.
25- Noghrehkar, A. H. (2010). Theoretical foundations of architecture. Tehran: Payame Noor University Press.
26- Nurberg, S. (2016). Christian. Architecture: meaning and place, Nowruz Borazjani. Tehran: Parham Naghsh pub.
27- Pirnia, M. K. (2007). Stylistics of Iranian Architecture. Tehran: Soroush Danesh pub.
28- Pour Mohammadi, M. (2000). Housing planning. Tehran: Samt organization. [In Persian].
29- Rezaei Gorgani, A.R. & Amir Fakhrian, M. (2022). Analysis of satisfaction with the residential environment and its impacts on urban depreciation (Case study: Samen district of Mashhad). Scientific Quarterly Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 12(47), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.30495/jupm.2020.3958. [In Persian].
30- Salaripour, A. A., Ghiathund Mohammad Khani, S., & Shaban Kala Chahi, S. (2022). Evaluation of the quality of life of residents of Mehr housing (case study: Rasht city). Scientific-Research Quarterly of Urban Planning and Research, 13 (48), 102-87. https://doi.org/10.30495/jupm.2022.4269. [In Persian].
31- Soroush Nia, R., Mofidi Shemirani, S.M., & Etisam, I. (2022). Examining the characteristics of contemporary multi-floor housing design in relation to local architectural patterns under hot and dry climates (Case study: Local housing in Kerman). Scientific Quarterly Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 12(47), 319-338.
32- The Holy Quran. Translated by Mehdi Elahi Ghomshei F. (1998). Qom: Al-Hadi Qom. [In Persian].
33- Valizadeh, B. (2001). Performance evaluation of Housing in urban zones of East Azerbaijan. Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. [In Persian].
34- Zarghami, I., & Ashraf Sadat, S. (2016). Features of Iranian and Islamic architecture in residential complexes. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University. [In Persian].
