ارائه مدل مؤلفه های تأثیرگذار با رویکرد قرآنی در معماری مسکن آپارتمانی معاصر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریمیرزا علی شیدانه مرید 1 , مهدی شریفی 2 , سید محمود معینی 3
1 - دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد ملایر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ملایر، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسکن, معماری, آپارتمان, معاصر,
چکیده مقاله :
توجه به کمیت و عدم توجه به کیفیت و تهی بودن مسکن آپارتمانی از معنا، عدم ارتباط معنادار، بین فرهنگ معماری مسکن ایرانی اسلامی و معماری مسکن آپارتمانی تقلیدی، وارداتی غربی، باعث گسست هویت، پیوند معماری مسکن ایرانی اسلامی، با گذشته‌ی درخشان تاریخ معماری این سرزمین شد. بنابراین این پژوهش با سوءال: مؤلفههای تأثیرگذار با رویکرد قرآنی در معماری مسکن آپارتمانی معاصر کدامند؟ و با هدف ارائه مدل مؤلفههای تاثیرگذار با رویکرد قرآنی در معماری مسکن آپارتمانی معاصر تهران. انجام گردید. این تحقیق بروش کمی _کیفی (ترکیبی: Mixed Method) بصورت همزمان و در سه فاز مکمل هم انجام شد. اهم مؤلفههای تحصیل شده تاثیر گذار در معماری مسکن آپارتمانی معاصر پس از ادغام و پایش 33 مورد بود که در جدول شماره 6 بخش تاثیرگذاری زیاد آن، نشان داد: 12% مؤلفهها در معماری مسکن آپارتمانی معاصر و 88% در معماری مسکن سنتی تاثیرگذار بوده است. و اخص مؤلفهها که به‌عنوان موئلفه های نهایی (مدل) معرفی شدند با درصد اهمیت آنها به‌عنوان یک مدل ارزشمند اسلامی، عبارتند از: آسایش و امنیت 98%، محرمیت 96%، کرامت انسانی94%، عبودیت و بندگی 94%، حریم خصوصی 92%، ایمنی، استحکام و استواری 92%، تواضع و فروتنی 90%، عوامل زیستی پایدار 90%، خلاقیت 88%، فعالیت پذیری 82%. در بررسی تطبیقی نتایج این پژوهش و شش مقاله در خصوص مسکن مهر، مؤلفههای بدست آمده از نتایج پژوهش حاضر جامعیت مادی و معنوی کامل‌تری دارند. در بخش بررسی آسیب‌شناسی معماری مسکن آپارتمانی معاصر بعلت کم رنگ شدن و فقدان مؤلفههای تاثیرگذار ، معماری فضاهای مختلف آپارتمانی آسیب جدی دیده‌اند. کاربرد این پژوهش می‌تواند در برنامه‌ریزی وزارت راه و شهر سازی، وزارت کشور و شهرداری‌ها و بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی، سازمان نظام مهندسی کشور، برای کنترل، نظارت و هدایت، به‌عنوان الگویی برای مسکن اسلامی در شهر و روستا باشد. پیشنهاد می‌گردد پژوهشگران آینده همین تحقیق را بارویکرد کتاب‌های مقدس آسمانی دیگر در سایر نقاط جهان انجام و نتایج آن را با این پژوهش مقایسه کنند.
Attention to quantity and failure to pay attention to quality as well as voidness of apartment housing of meaning, lack of meaningful relationships between Islamic-Iranian housing architecture culture and the imitated Western-styled apartment housing have caused disruption of the identity and link between the Islamic-Iranian housing architecture and the bright history of architecture of this land. Thus, this research was carried out with the question: What are the Qur’anic approach-based components affecting contemporary apartment housing? Moreover, the goal was to present a model of Qur’anic approach-based components affecting the contemporary apartment building architecture in Tehran. This quantitative and qualitative method (which involves a mixed method) was performed concurrently in three complementary phases. The most important components affecting the contemporary apartment housing architecture were 33 cases which Table 6 shows that 12% of those components have affected the contemporary housing architecture, and 88% affected the traditional housing architecture. Meanwhile, the most specific components by the percentage of their importance as a valuable Islamic model were introduced as the final components of the [model] as they included peace and security (98%), intimacy (96%), human dignity (94%), servitude (94%), privacy (92%), safety, strength and firmness (92%), humiliation (90%), bio-sustainable factors (90%), creativity (88%), and dynamism and activity (82%). A comparative review of the research results and six papers on urban housing revealed that the components derived from the present research were both materially and spiritually comprehensive. As for the contemporary apartment housing architecture pathology, various apartment spaces in architecture have suffered serious damages due to diminishing role and loss of effective components.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In the face of the twentieth century’s modern architecture, changing identity developments in housing architecture gave rise to new housing types worldwide. These types were also different from the previous traditional models. Views and perspectives of architecture theorists such as Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Wright, and Philip Johnson, and theories debated at the Bauhaus School and the Athenian Chart, directly and indirectly, contributed to these changing Western contemporary housing developments. These changes were imitated in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi I and II eras and were imported to Iran. In the meantime, the population growth and migration to cities affected the housing models, which included culture and social relations, economy, politics and technology, thus disrupting the spatial hierarchy and undermining house privacy and diminishing flexibility, eventually leading to house exteriority. Construction of apartments without regard for the religious culture became commonplace, and house spatial organization did change. This led to the diminishing role of effective Quranic components and human values in houses. It is thus pivotal to do the present study and to identify and use the model of effective Qur’anic components within the contemporary apartment housing architecture. This topic was chosen due to the diminishing role of human dignity in contemporary apartments. No human-made product or structure can be sought to not have been affected by or otherwise affected the culture.
Methodology
This research was quantitative and qualitative, which falls under mixed methods. It was carried out in three complementary phases: the first phase involved a review of the literature, the Qur’an and library books; the second phase involved the Delphi method, and the third phase was a qualitative analysis of the interviews. Tools to measure and analyze the data in the interview section include a researcher-developed questionnaire, manual compression and survey of data, and scoring of final data by the experts as shown on a 5-point Likert scale, in addition to statical and mathematical operations and means and percentages.
Results and discussion
Consistent with a comparative study, results of 6 academic contributions on the examination of Maskan Mehr apartment Housing characteristics in cities of Shiraz, Baharan neighborhood of Sanandaj, Khorramabad, Zanjan, Shirin Shahr of Ahvaz, and one single contribution on the development of guidelines to remove the problems suggested that residents were not pleased with living in those apartment complexes, citing lack of quality of the materials, improper monitoring, lack of access to urban services and infrastructure and minimum construction costs, as being physical and material factors, to be factors which caused dissatisfaction among the residents. This present study has used the Qur’an to derive comprehensive material and spiritual factors. The most important components affecting the contemporary apartment housing architecture were 33 cases Table 6 shows that 12% of those components have affected the contemporary housing architecture, and 88% affected the traditional housing architecture. Meanwhile, the most specific components by the percentage of their importance as a valuable Islamic model were introduced as the final components of the [model] as they included peace and security (98%), intimacy (96%), human dignity (94%), servitude (94%), privacy (92%), safety, strength and firmness (92%), humiliation (90%), bio-sustainable factors (90%), creativity (88%), and dynamism and activity (82%). The model components derived from this research reveal the latent angles of the loss or diminishing role of religious indicators within the depth of the contemporary apartment housing architecture structure, with the Qur’anic value indicators becoming undermined and rendering ineffective in all architectural spaces of the apartment over the past 100 years ago.
Conclusion
The components which were designated as the final components of the model were security (98%), intimacy (96%), human dignity (94%), servitude (94%), privacy (92%), safety, strength and firmness (92), humiliation (90%), bio-sustainable factors (90%), creativity (88%), and dynamism and activity (82%). This research can be applicable for planning by the Ministry of Road and Urban Development, Ministry of the Interior, Municipalities and the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation, and National Engineering System Organization and serve as a model for the control, monitoring and direct measures for the contemporary Tehran housing architecture.
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