Rereading the Traditional Houses of Kermanshah from the Perspective of Biophilic Architecture

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanism

faezeh taherisarmad ¹ , shabnam mihanyar ²

1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Eslamabad-e-Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamabad- e- Gharb, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - MSc Graduate, Department of Architecture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.

Received: 2020-09-11 Accepted : 2022-04-19 Published : 2024-12-24

Keywords: Dwelling Quality, Biophilic Architecture, traditional house.,

Abstract :

Industrial and technological advances have caused man to disconnect from nature and natural systems. The alienation from ecosystems and natural processes has had consequences such as numerous environmental problems, a lifeless urban space, and the presence of housing that has nothing to do with human psychological needs. Architecture can play a very important role in returning humans to nature. One of the ways to return to nature is to use the new biophilic architecture, which due to its connection with nature, Can meet the spiritual and psychological needs of human beings Since the most perspective of relationship with nature is found in traditional Iranian houses, so the purpose of this study is to study the principles of biophilic architecture in traditional houses in Kermanshah and its role in improving the quality of housing. This research has been done qualitatively and data analysis has been used for the final evaluation. Therefore, this study first redefines the concepts of biophilic and housing quality In the continuation of the research, by choosing the houses of the Qajar period in Kermanshah as a source, in the field and presence in these houses, it has studied the biophilic architecture Thus, the research examines the extracted concepts and examines the improvement of housing quality. In this way, documentary and library studies and map analysis have been used. The results indicate that the principles of biophilic architecture can be seen in the architecture and decorations of traditional houses in Kermanshah. Also, biophilic principles in case of localization with qualitative components of housing (physical-spatial, structural, functional, environmental, related to human needs) can be applied in today's housing and can improve the quality of housing and more favorable conditions. To provide for its residents .

References:

1. Ahari, Z., Amini Jadid Sh. 1997 .Experiences of different countries in providing housing. Tehran: National Land and Housing Organization.(In Persian)
2. Antoniades A. 2008. Architectural Poetry. Translated by Ay. A, Volume II, Tehran:Soroush Publications.(In Persian)
3. Asefi.M,Imani,E .2017. Redefining contemporary Iranian-Islamic desirable housing design patterns by evaluating the quality of traditional houses, Quarterly Journal of Islamic Architecture Research, No11, Forth year.(In Persian)
4. Baigi Nejad, M.A., Ameri Sefat, A.A . 2016. Investigation of Biophilic Architecture Characteristics in Indigenous Buildings of Iran, Case Study: Hot and Dry Climate. International Conference on Innovation in Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Branch.(In Persian)
5. Bitaraf, E., Habib.F., Zabihi.H .2017. Biophilic attitude is an approach in improving the quality of living environment of residents of residential complexes. Urban Management Journal, No49: 331-349.(In Persian)
6. Bitaraf.E., Habib.F., Zabihi.H. 2018. Localization of aquatic and biophilic principles in the design of residential complexes in Iran in order to improve their quality. Urban Management Journal, No52: 205-218.(In Persian)
7. Bozorgi, M . 2016.¬ The effect of biophilic design in office buildings and its relationship with staff health and well-being,4th International Congress of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development. (In Persian)
8. Carey, M. 1995. Comment : Concerns in the analysis of focus group data. Qualitative Health Research. 5(4) : 487-495.
9. Farhangi, S.1996. Prediction of housing situation in urban areas of Gilan province. Proceedings of the Second Policy Seminar Housing development in Iran. Volume II, Tehran: Department of Housing and Urban Development.
10. Glaser, B. 1999. The future of grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research. 9(6) : 836-845.
Kellert, Steohen R. 2005. Biophilic for life, Island Press, Washington
11. Habibi,S.M. 2001. Civil society and urban life. Journal of Fine Arts, No7: 22-33. .(In Persian)
12. Haeri Mazandarani, M. 2010. Home, culture, nature, Tehran: Urban Planning and Architecture Study and Research Center
13. Hatami, H., Sarafi Nike, A., Iman Talab, H .2017. How to improve the quality of residential architecture with a biophilic attitude. International Conference on Innovation in Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Branch.(In Persian)
14. Jafari, Kh.,Yousefi.A. 2018. Biophilic architecture and sustainable development. Tehran: Knowledge TV Publications .(In Persian)
15. Kellert, S. R. 2008.Biophilic Design: (The Theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Buildings to life). Newjersy, John Wiley and sons, Inc., chapter 1
16. Kellert, S. R. 2012. Birthed: people and nature in the Modern World. United states of America. Yale university press
17. Mansoori.S.A. 2011. What is an urban landscape, Scientific-Extension Journal of Landscape. No2: 30-33.(In Persian)
18. Mesgarani, N., Shokohi , M., KHakpoor. B .,Noghsan Mohammadi.M .2017. Assessing the quality of the downtown residential environment with an emphasis on sustainability, Case study: Sarshur and Chehno areas of Mashhad. Armanshahr Architecture and Urban Planning Quarterly, Volume 11, No23: 347-359. (In Persian)
19. Mokhber,A. 1989. Social dimensions of housing ,Tehran: Publications of the Program and Budget Organization.(In Persian)
20. Moosavi Daramroodi,L.,Shams, M., Ghanbari,N. 2015. Analysis of development opportunities in the old part of the city Case study: Central part of Kermanshah. Environmental Planning Quarterly,No25.(In Persian)
21. Noghre Kar,A. 2010. Theoretical Foundations of Architecture ,Tehran: Payam Noor university. (In Persian)
22. Nazemi,E., Ghasemi,E. 2017. Explain the strategies to promote the compatible interaction between architecture and nature with the biophilic architecture approach. Biennial Conference on Contemporary Society and Architecture, Esfahan. (In Persian)
23. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary .2010.
24. Patton, M. 1999. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. London: Sage.
25. Stewart-Pollack, J .2006. Biophilic design: The theory, Science, and Practice of Bringing Building Life. Hoboken, Newjersey: John Wiley and sons, Inc., chapter 1. (In Persian)
26. Shahcheraghi,A., Bandar Abad,A. 2018. Enclosed in the environment (application of environmental psychology in architecture and urban planning). Tehran: Publication of Tehran University Jihad Organization. .(In Persian)
27. Shamai, A., PoorAhmad,A. 2006. Urban improvement and renovation from the perspective of geography.Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)
28. Sharifi,A., Azar Pira,M. 2016.Studying the modeling of natural environment in urban architecture and using the view of biophilica (city in the garden) and comparing it with the urban planning approach in Isfahan school. Second National Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Landscape. (In Persian)
29. Soltani Fard,H., Sadredin, M. 2016. An Introduction to the Biophilic Approach to Sustainable Planning and Design. International Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering and Urban Planning in the Third Millennium,Tehran.(In Persian)
30. Tavasoli,M. 1989. Rules and criteria for urban space design. Tehran: Center for Urban Planning and Architecture Studies and Research.(In Persian)
31. Wilson, E. O. 1984. Biophilia. Cambridge university Press.
32. Wilson, E. O. 1992. The diversity of life . Harvard University press.
33. Zanjani, H. 1993. Population and development. Tehran: Iran Urban Planning and Architecture Studies and Research Center.(In Persian)