بازخوانی خانه¬های سنّتی کرمانشاه از منظر معماری بیوفیلیک
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازیفائزه طاهری سرمد 1 , شبنم میهن یار 2
1 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد اسلام آباد غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلام آبادغرب، ایران.* (نویسنده مسئول)
2 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه معماری، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
کلید واژه: معماری بیوفیلیک, خانه سنّتی, کیفیت مسکن .,
چکیده مقاله :
پیشرفت های صنعتی و فناوری سبب گسست انسان از طبیعت و نظام‌های طبیعی شده‌است. دوری از اکوسیستم و فرآیندهای طبیعی، پیامدهایی از جمله مشکلات متعدد زیست محیطی، فضای شهری بی روح و حضور مسکن‌هایی که با نیازهای انسان از لحاظ روحی و روانی هیچ انطباقی ندارند، در پی داشته است. برای بازگشت انسان به طبیعت معماری می‌تواند نقش بسیار مهمی ایفا کند. یکی از راهکارهای بازگشت به طبیعت بهره گیری از معماری نوین بیوفیلیک می‌باشد که به جهت پیوند و ارتباطی که با طبیعت دارد، می‌تواند پاسخگوی نیازهای روحی و روانی انسان باشد. از آنجایی که بیشترین منظر ارتباط با طبیعت در خانه های سنتی ایرانی یافت می‌شود، لذا هدف پژوهش بررسی اصول معماری بیوفیلیک در خانه های سنّتی کرمانشاه و نقش آن در ارتقای کیفیت مسکن می‌باشد. این تحقیق به روش کیفی انجام گردیده و برای ارزیابی نهایی از تحلیل داده‌ها بهره گرفته شده است. بنابراین این مطالعه ابتدا به بازتعریف مفاهیم بیوفیلیک و کیفیت مسکن می‌پردازد و در ادامه پژوهش با برگزیدن خانه‌های دوره قاجار شهر کرمانشاه به عنوان منبع، به‌صورت میدانی و حضور در این خانه‌ها به بررسی معماری بیوفیلیک پرداخته‌است، بدین ترتیب پژوهش ضمن بررسی مفاهیم مستخرج، به بررسی ارتقای کیفیت مسکن مبادرت می‌ورزد. در این مسیر از مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و تحلیل نقشه‌ها استفاده گشته‌است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که اصول معماری بیوفیلیک در معماری و تزیینات خانه‌های سنتی کرمانشاه قابل مشاهده‌است. همچنین اصول بیوفیلیک در صورت بومی سازی با مولفه های کیفی مسکن (کالبدی-فضایی،ساختاری،عملکردی،محیطی،مربوط به نیازهای انسانی) قابل بکارگیری در مسکن امروز می‌باشد و می‌تواند سبب ارتقای کیفی مسکن شود و شرایط مطلوب‌تری را برای ساکنان آن فراهم نماید.
Industrial and technological advances have caused man to disconnect from nature and natural systems. The alienation from ecosystems and natural processes has had consequences such as numerous environmental problems, a lifeless urban space, and the presence of housing that has nothing to do with human psychological needs. Architecture can play a very important role in returning humans to nature. One of the ways to return to nature is to use the new biophilic architecture, which due to its connection with nature, Can meet the spiritual and psychological needs of human beings Since the most perspective of relationship with nature is found in traditional Iranian houses, so the purpose of this study is to study the principles of biophilic architecture in traditional houses in Kermanshah and its role in improving the quality of housing. This research has been done qualitatively and data analysis has been used for the final evaluation. Therefore, this study first redefines the concepts of biophilic and housing quality In the continuation of the research, by choosing the houses of the Qajar period in Kermanshah as a source, in the field and presence in these houses, it has studied the biophilic architecture Thus, the research examines the extracted concepts and examines the improvement of housing quality. In this way, documentary and library studies and map analysis have been used. The results indicate that the principles of biophilic architecture can be seen in the architecture and decorations of traditional houses in Kermanshah. Also, biophilic principles in case of localization with qualitative components of housing (physical-spatial, structural, functional, environmental, related to human needs) can be applied in today's housing and can improve the quality of housing and more favorable conditions. To provide for its residents .
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