Evaluation of the Effect of Applied Research Design on the Process of Architectural Design Studios(Case Study: Design 1 of Architecture’s Students, Master Degree)

Subject Areas : architecture

Sima Rezaei Ashtiani ¹ , Jamal-e-Din MahdiNejad ²

1 - Ph.D. Candidate. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanization, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanization, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2019-01-08 Accepted : 2019-05-13 Published : 2020-12-21

Keywords: Design Process, Architectural studios, Design quality, Design research, Architecture education,

Abstract :

Research by design is an appropriate and also necessary approach for future architectural design. This article deals with the relationship between research and architectural design process. The purpose of this research is to use applied one, to create the interaction between theory, practice and optimize the learning process. This research is a practical way of how to use design in research, and it attempts is to answer the question how research is conducted to maximize the use of information or data collected also how does this method affect the quality of student's performance during the design process. The paper attempts to collect data on research on architecture and the relationship between research and the design process in various sources also interpretation that different designers and researchers have done, and to analyze and summarize previous studies, a model for applying research in the training architectural design was achieved then examined this method in the course of architectural design education. This model can provide a new insight into the relationship between research and design process of architecture. In order to apply the type of research in the model, Milburn & Brown classification were used and intrinsic research, case studies and combined studies were investigated in different groups.The test was carried out using a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical target in this study can be used to encompass all architecture students who are undergoing architecture design course. In this method, the dependent variable was measured one time before the independent variable was manipulated, and again after. In this research, independent variable, proposed design process and dependent variable, design quality and student performance. The data of the study were gathered by qualified judge panel using functional evaluation and scoring method. The test of this model was carried out at the architecture studio.In this study, 48 master degree students has been analyzes in two semester. The work of students in different groups as well as their projects with them was evaluated and compared five times in different stages of the design process, in order to compare student design performance and design quality. The student's assessment scores were analyzed by ANOVA test. The findings of this study indicates that superiority of using combined research in this specific model. Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant different between the groups that were based on the designed model and the test group showed better performance and quality of students projects based on this model. In selecting the type research, the mean sources of the case group were higher than the library, and the significant difference between the combined group with the library group and case study indicates the superiority of using the combined research. Another issue was the type of that, according to Kolb’s learning classification, learning in the control group is through the learning by experiencing; in the library study group, learning by thinking and in the case group, it was conducted through learning by observation.

References:

حیدری، شاهین. (1395). درآمدی بر روش تحقیق در معماری. تهران: انتشارات کتاب فکر نو.

رضائی آشتیانی، سیما؛ و مهدی­نژاد، جمال­الدین. (1398). ارائه الگوی ارزیابی آموزشی مبتنی بر معیار در آتلیه‌های طراحی معماری. نشریه علمی پژوهشی فناوری آموزش. 13(3)، 441-458.

لاوسون، برایان. (1387). طراحان چگونه می­اندیشند: ابهام­زدایی از فرایند طراحی. (حمید ندیمی، مترجم). تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. (نشر اثر اصلی، 1997)

ممتحن، مهدی؛ حجت، عیسی؛ و ناری قمی، مسعود. (1396). تأملی در مفهوم و ارزش خلاقیت: ارزش خلاقانۀ معماری مبتنی بر الگو) مقایسۀ چارچوب ارزشی سنتی، معاصر و اسلامی.( دوفصلنامه مطالعاتمعماریایرانی. 11، 63-84.

هاشمی­زادگان، امیر. (1395). مطالعه موردی­: پیوند حرفه و دانش در معماری منظر؛ تجربه بنیاد معماری منظر آمریکا. نشریه منظر. 8 (34)، 26-37.

هوشیار­ یوسفی، بهرام؛ و رضوی، نسترن. (1393). فراگرد معماری در دفاتر کوچک. تهران: نشر کتاب فکر نو.

Alexander, C. (1964). Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press.

Basballe, D.A., Halskov, K. (2012). Dynamics of Research through Design. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems. June 11–15. Newcastle, UK. 58-67.

Biggs, M. (2002).The Role of the Artefact in Art and Design Research. International Journal of Design Sciences and Technology, 10(2), 19–24.

Brinkhuijsen, M. (2008). Landscape 1:1, a study of designs for leisure in the Dutch countryside. PhD thesis. Washington University and Research.

Brink, A., Bruns, D., Tobi, H., & Bell, S. (2017). Research in Landscape Architecture: Methods and Methodology. New York: Routledge taylor and francis group.

Broadbent, G. (1995). Architectural education. Educating Architects. Academy Editions, London. 10–23.

Clune, S., Horne, R., Roggema, R., Martin, J., & Arcari, P. (2013). Sustainability Appraisals of Design-Led Responses to Climate Adaptation, Policy Brief. Melbourne, Australia: VCCCAR.

Cross, N. (2001). Designerly Ways of Knowing: Design Discipline versus Design Science. Design Issues, 17(3), 49–55.

De Jonge, J.M. (2009). Landscape Architecture between Politics and Science, an Integrative Perspective on Landscape Planning and Design in the Network Society. Ph.D Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Deming, E. M., & Swaffield, S. (2011). Landscape Architecture Research, Inquiry, Strategy, Design. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

De Queiroz Barbosa, E.R., DeMeulder, B., & Gerrits, Y. (2014). Design Studio as a Process of Inquiry: The case of Studio Sao Paulo. Architecture & Education Journal. Fourth International Conference on Architectural Research by Design. 241–254.

Faste, T., & Faste, H. (2012). Demystifying "Design research": Design is not research, research is design. Education symposium. Boston

Flores, R. I., & Morán, R. L. (2017). Advanced Design as a paradigm for design education: learning systems within its platforms and practices. The Design Journal, 20(sup1), S814-S821.

Francis, M. (2001). A Case Study Method for Landscape Architecture. Landscape Journal, 20(1), 15-29.

Frayling, C. (1993).Research in art and design. ROYAL College of Art Research Papers, 1, 1–5.

Frieling, D. (2000). The Architectural Intervention. Research by Design. Proceedings of the International Conference Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology in Co-Operation with the EAAE/AEEA. November 1–3, (pp. 3–8). Delft: Delft University Press.

Glanville, R. (1999). Researching design and designing research. Design Issues, 15(2), 80–91.

Graafland, A. (2000). Contemporary Design Research: A material practice. Research by Design. Proceedings of the International Conference Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology in co-Operation with the EAAE/AEEA. November 1–3, (pp. 17–23). Delft: Delft University Press.

Gregory, S. (1966). The Design Method. London: Butterworth Press.

Grover, R., Emmitt, S., & Copping, A. (2018). The typological learning framework: the application of structured precedent design knowledge in the architectural design studio. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 28(4), 1019-1038.

Till, J. (2017, January 3). Architectural Research: Three Myths and One Model. Retrieved february 11, 2017, from https://www.archdaily.com/802766/architectural-research-three-myths-and-one-model

Jonas, W. (2006). Research through DESIGN through Research-A Problem Statement and a Conceptual Sketch. In Proceedings of the Wonderground, Design Research Society International Conference. November 1–4. Lisbon, Portugal.

Jonas, W. (2007). Research through DESIGN through research, A cybernetic model of designing design foundations. Kybernetes, 36 (9/10), 1362- 1380.

Kolko, J. (2010). Abductive Thinking and Sense making: The Drivers of Design Synthesis. Design Issues, 26(1), 15-28.

Koskinen, I., Zimmerman, J., Binder, T., Redstrom, J., & Wensveen, S.(2011). Design Research through Practice: From the Lab, Field, and Showroom. USA: Elsevier Inc.

Laurel, B. (2003). Design Research: Methods and Perspectives; Cambridge: MIT Press

Meir, I.A., Garb, Y., Jiao, D., & Cicelsky, A. (2009). Post-occupancy evaluation: an inevitable step toward sustainability. Advances in building energy research, 3(1), 189-219.

Milburn, L.S., & Brown, R.D. (2003). The relationship between research and design in landscape architecture. Landscape and Urban Planning, 64, 47–66.

Nelson, H.G., & Stolterman, E. (2003). The Design Way. Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World. Educational Technology Publications, Englewood Cliffs, CA.

Coucill, L., Samuel, F., Dye, A., Tait, A., & Crosby, M. (2013). Research in Practice Guide. London: RIBA. Retrieved March 7, 2016, from https://www.architecture.com/-/media/gathercontent/home-improvements-housing-research-in-practice/additional-documents/ribaresearchinpracticeguidepdf.pdf

Rittel, H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169.

Rodgers, P., & Yee, J. (2015). The Routledge Companion to Design Research.New York: Routledge taylor and francis group.

Rosemann, J. (2000). The Conditions of Research by Design in Practice. Research by Design. Proceedings of the International Conference Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology in co-Operation with the EAAE/AEEA. November 1–3, (pp. 63–68). Delft: Delft University Press.

Sherman, S.A., Varni, J.W., Ulrich, R.S., & Malcarne, V.L. (2005). Post-occupancy evaluation of healing gardens in a pediatric cancer center. Landscape and Urban Planning, 73(2), 167-183.