Biophilic Architecture and Smart Technologies in Mid-Rise Apartments of Mashhad

Subject Areas : Life Space Journal

elham moghimi shahri ¹ , Mohsen Vafamehr ²

1 - pajooshgar doktri, garveh memari, vahad moshehad, daneshgah azad eslami, moshehad, iran
2 - Full Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Received: 2024-12-28 Accepted : 2025-09-22 Published : 2025-09-22

Keywords: Mid-Rise Apartments, Smart Technologies, Biophilic Architecture, Residential Architecture, TOPSIS, Mashhad ,

Abstract :

The rapid evolution of architectural landscapes, urbanization, and smart technologies have highlighted the importance of integrating biophilic functions within the broad ranges of residential environments. The current paper aims to evaluate and prioritize the integration of biophilic-oriented smart technologies in mid-rise apartments in Mashhad. Utilizing a quantitative research design with an analytical-descriptive approach, it employed a questionnaire encompassing ten biophilic principles and 29 smart technologies. The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were confirmed through expert academic evaluations and a Cronbach's alpha. A purposive snowball sampling technique selected 100 experts, including architects, engineers, and urban planners, who possess substantial knowledge of biophilic design and smart technologies. These participants assessed the importance of biophilic principles using a 5-point Likert scale and the integration levels of smart technologies using a 7-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Shannon Entropy to determine the weights of each biophilic function and the TOPSIS for ranking the smart technologies. The findings revealed that fostering vitality, enhancing connections with natural systems, aesthetic appeal and immersive nature experiences are the most critical biophilic-oriented functions of smart technologies.  In terms of technology integration, building management systems and smart green walls achieved the highest levels of integration, whereas vertical farming and hydroponic gardens exhibited the lowest levels. To address the low integration of certain biophilic-oriented smart technologies, the study recommends increasing awareness through educational workshops, providing financial incentives for adopting energy-efficient technologies, and promoting successful case studies that demonstrate effective integration of smart technologies with biophilic functions. These strategies aim to enhance the adoption and functionality of biophilic-smart integrations, thereby improving the quality of life and sustainability in mid-rise residential environments in Mashhad. This research can offer actionable insights for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to create more sustainable and health-promoting residential spaces.

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