Review of the spatial and physical evolution of health uses with emphasis on baths in Islamic cities of Iran from Safavieh to Qajar (Case study: Ardabil city)
Subject Areas :
amin ghahramani toolabi
1
,
Saiedali nouri
2
1 - Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch
2 - Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch
Received: 2021-01-01
Accepted : 2021-02-20
Published : 2022-11-22
Keywords:
Ardabil,
Historical Bath,
Islamic-Iranian Architecture,
Spatial and Physical Transformation,
Safavieh and Qajar,
Abstract :
Islamic architecture has valuable principles and concepts that have been used in the buildings of the Islamic and Iranian periods. One of these buildings is the bathrooms (sanitary spaces). Public baths during the Islamic era, including important elements in the formation and expansion of neighborhoods and a symbol of the development of cities and villages and the economic power and social base of the founders, as well as their position have had a different breadth and breadth. The religious and historical city of Ardabil has a long history with valuable historical baths that the principles of Islamic architecture have been reflected in its design. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial and physical evolution of the bath in Islamic architecture of Iran from Safavieh to Qajar in Ardabil. The research method in this article is historical-analytical and the method of data collection is library (historical texts, documents, reports, written works, etc.) and field. The results of this study showed that changes in the body and space of historic baths have been influenced by various factors; including economic factors, government factors, aesthetic factors, geographical and environmental conditions, etc. For example, in the baths of the Safavieh era, the construction of the vestibule and its importance was not common, but over time and during the Qajar period, the construction of the vestibule was common, which has caused changes in the architecture of the baths. Also, the area of baths in the Safavieh period was more than the Qajar period, so that Ibrahimabad bath with an area (105,126 square meters) is the largest bath in the Safavieh era and later periods. Architecture and decorations in baths flourished during the Safavieh period; this is evident in the baths of Aghanaghi and Ebrahimabad. In the city of Ardabil (especially during the Qajar period) public baths this important functional space in society has been not only a place for bathing, but also a place for the continuation of economic, cultural and social relations.
References:
Akbari, Parivash; Laleh, Hayedeh; Shojaei Isfahani, Ali (2011), Haj Mir Hassan Qazvin Bath; A bath from the early Qajar period, Archaeological Studies, Volume 3, Volume 4
Alem, Sara; Vaziri, Vahid (2013), A Comparative Study of the Principles of Islamic Architecture Used in Historical Baths of Ardabil, National Conference on Humanistic Architecture and Urbanism, Qazvin Islamic Azad University.
Basoli, Mehdi (2018), Manzaria view of public bath, its elements and functions, Manzar magazine, No. 10 (45), pp. 34-43.
Ebrahimzadeh, Isa; Ahdanja, Mohsen; Ebrahimzadeh Asmin, Hassan and Yousef Shafiei (2010), spatial planning and organization of health services using GIS Case: Zanjan, Human Geography Research, No. 73, pp. 39-58.
Ghasemi, Marzieh; Gholam-Ali, Hatem and Farhad Tehrani (2015), Recognizing the place of history and popular culture in traditional Iranian baths (continuity of customs, habits and beliefs related to bathing), Journal of Historical Research of Iran and Islam, No. 22, pp. 133-152.
Hooshmandi, Felor (2017), Study of Arrangements of Decoration of Historical Baths of Cold Climate with Emphasis on Baths of Aghanaghi and Haj Sheikh Ardabil, M.Sc. Thesis, Payame Noor University of Tehran, East Tehran.
Islami Nasab, Mahtab and Mehdi Baharvand (2014), Khorramabad chat room; A cultural work from the Qajar era, Iranian Archaeological Quarterly, pp. 78-99.
Kiani, Mohammad Yousef (2007), History of Iranian Architecture in the Islamic Period, Tehran, Samat Publications.
Mahjour, Firooz (2003), in the cities of Iran - Islamic, Book of the Month of Art (57 and 58), 60 - 66.
Monazam Ismailpour, Ali and Arash Darvari (2015), Recognition of the role of input in the physical system of baths in the Safavid and Qajar eras, the first annual conference on research in architecture, urban planning and urban management.
Motadaian, Heshmatullah; Rahimi Mehr, Waheeda; Mehrabani, Mehrzad (2017), Traditional baths; Hafiz Salamat, treatment agent, Bagh-e Nazar Magazine, Volume 14, Number 50, pp. 23 - 38.
Mousavi, S.S; Shakour, Ali (2019), Investigation and role of urban signs with emphasis on identifying space (Case study: Shahid Chamran Boulevard, Shiraz), Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Year 9, Consecutive Issue 35, pp 1 – 10.
Nejad Ebrahimi, Ahad; Pourjafar, Mohammad Reza; Ansari, Mojtaba and Pirooz Hanachi (2013), Its value and relationship with the approach of intervention in cultural-historical works, restoration and architecture of Iran, Volume 3, Number 6, pp. 79-98.
Parsi Hempai, Farshad (2017), Design and Recreation of Yaghoubia Bath as a Research Institute of Traditional Architecture in Ardabil, Master Thesis in Architectural Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Meshginshahr Branch.
Parsi Hempai, Farshad (2017), Design and Recreation of Yaghoubia Bath as a Research Institute of Traditional Architecture in Ardabil, Thesis for Master of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Meshginshahr Branch.
Rajabi, Yahya (2014), Archaeological study of baths in Kermanshah and their impact on the urban structure of the Qajar period, Master Thesis in Archeology, Islamic orientation, Mohaghegh Ardabili University.
Saberi Nahrforuzani, Ahmad (2019), Bath ritual The realization of the ritual landscape of the Iranian bath in the Islamic era through texts, the structure of the bath and decorative motifs, Quarterly Journal of Art and Civilization of the East, Year 7, No. 25, pp. 35-42.
Sajjadi, Ali Mohammad (2003), Bathing and Bathing in Iranian Culture, Journal of Iranian Studies, Kerman.
Shabani, Imam Ali; Jabareh, Saeedeh (2014), Bath and its social functions in the Middle Ages of Iranian history, Journal of Social and Economic History, Third Year, No. 1 (consecutive), pp. 89-109.
Tabasi, Mohsen (2007), Identification and analysis of factors affecting the physical and functional changes in the architecture of Iranian bathhouses in the Safavid period, PhD thesis, Tarbiat Modares University.
Tabasi, Mohsen; Ansari, Mojtaba; Tavousi, Mahmoud and Farhad Fakhar Tehrani (2007), Recognition of the physical characteristics of Iranian baths in the Safavid period, Journal of Fine Arts, No. 29, pp. 49-58.
Tabasi, Mohsen; Pourjafar, Mohammad (2006), The Impact of Iranian Bath Architecture on Palestinian Islamic Baths, Modares Honar Quarterly, No. 1.
Tehrani, Farhad; Pourfathollah, Maedeh and Zahra Ghasemi (2013), A Comparative Study of the Creation of Architectural Spaces in Bathroom Painting, Nagreh Scientific Research Quarterly, No. 26, pp. 61-71.
Zarbakhsh, Farzad; Mehdizadeh Seraj, Fatemeh and Gholamreza Kiani (2019), Multi-criteria decision making to determine the use of urban identities (Case study: Yaghoubieh historical bath in Ardabil), Urban Management, No. 56, pp. 125-142.
_||_
