Four Elemennts (Water, Earth, Air and Fire), an Iranian Pattern for Urban Park Deign
Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanismzahra ahmadi 1 , farah habib 2 , mohammad naghizadeh 3
1 - Ph.D, Architecture, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran *(Corresponding Author(
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Fabric, Emptiness, House, Form, architecture,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Emptiness is a concept that appears in form and content. Beyond the meaning of being and not being .On the other hand Existential Identity depends on the dialectical relationship of that thing with its opposites. This study seeks to clarify the role of this concept in the vernacular architecture of Iran By understanding the concept of emptiness. Method: The research, by explaining the principles of empty concept, has investigated the quality of the realization of this concept in the form of fabric dimensions of Yazd's houses. The three pillars obtained from theoretical foundations were tested in five vernacular houses in Yazd. The research was conducted with qualitative study, and data collection tools: field observations, and the study of written resources. Findings: The emergence of empty concept coincides with two elements or opposite qualities in such a way that the two opposites are interconnected without diminishing one another. Based on theoretical findings, the expression of the empty concept is conditional on the existence of three pillars: The first: the contradiction, the second: interaction, the third: balance and unity. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on research emptiness as a sublime concept is the result of the existence of opposing elements, their interaction and their unity. Vernacular architects with the perception of the necessity of the conjunction of the opposing couples and by recognizing the elements such as geometry, color, light, have caused the interaction of the opposites and their balance and they have come up with an empty concept in the form and fabric of these houses.
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- Burckhardt T. The void in Islamic art studies in comparative Religion.1970. 4(2). (spring: www. Studiescomparativereligion.com)
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- Naghizadeh M. Kaaba aesthetics. Religious art. 2004 spring and summer 19-20: 72-128. (In Persian)
- Fosnaugh A. Activating the Void[s]: Explorations in Absences thesis for MA. University of Cincinnati. The school of architecture and interior designe and planning the college of designe. 2007 Architecture.art.
- JIN B. Kitaro Nishida’s Philosophy of Emptiness and Its Architectural Significance. Pennsylvania State University. 2008. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi.
- David A. Dilworth Introduction and Postscript in Kitaro Nishida Last Writings: Nothingness and the Religious Worldview, David A. Dilworth, trans. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press; 1987: 5–6, 130–31.
- Moin M. Persian culture. 20th edition Amir Kabir Publishing; 2003 (1):1392 (In Persian)
- Burkhart T. Nasri A. (translator) Basics of Islamic Art. Tehran: Haghighat Publications. 2007: 121-118.( Persian)
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- Kitaro N. Complete Works (Nishida Kitaro Zenshu) .Tokyo: Iwanami shoten. 1947: 217–19, 229–31
- Biparva M. The effect of the empty concept of Dao's thinking on the empty space of Chinese painting. Journal of Art .2002 Winter (54): 174-189 (In Persian)
- Etezdi L. Zen and the architecture of Japan. Scientific Journal of Soffeh. 2000 Spring & Summer 10 (30) : 44-67 (In Persian)
- Ardalan N. Bakhtiar L. Sense of unity. Jalili V. Ehsan T. (translator). Tehran: Publication of the Science of Royal Architect; 2011: 93 (In Persian)
- Madadpour M. Truth and Religious Art. Surah Mehr; 2009 (In Persian)
- Noghrekar A. et al. Theoretical Foundations of Architecture. Tehran: University of Science and Technology; 2007. (In Persian)
- Zevi B. How to look at architecture.Translator Graman F. Tehran Shahidi Publishing ; 2008 (In Persian)
- Falahat M. The role of the physical design in the sense of the place of the mosque. The Journal of Fine Arts. 2005 summer (22): 57-66. (In Persian)
- Dehkhoda A. Dehkhoda Dictionary, Second Edition. Tehran. Publisher of the Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University; 1998 (6): 23559. (In Persian)
- Qizilbash M. Aboulzia F. The traditional alphabet of Yazd. Tehran: Publications of the Ministry of Culture 1985 (In Persian)
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- Pakzad J. Theoretical Foundations and Urban Design Process. Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. 2006. (In Persian)
- Azizolahi A. Investigating the Empty Space in Iranian Painting Works and Comparing them with the Far East. Master's Thesis .Islamic Azad University. Tehran Branch.2013 (In Persian)