Explaining the Climatic Model of Functional Spaces in Residential Buildings of Cold Areas of Iran

Subject Areas : architecture

Fatemeh Abbasi ¹ , Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani ² , Hamid Reza Mousavi ³

1 - Ph.D Candidate, Department of Architecture, University West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Assis tant Professor, Department of Urbanism, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Central Organization University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2023-09-02 Accepted : 2024-05-19 Published : 2024-08-26

Keywords: Functional Spaces, Residential Buildings, Climatic Architecture, Cold Climate, Climatic Species,

Abstract :

The main topic of this study is to examine the architectural-climatic patterns of functional spaces in residential buildings native to the cold region of Iran. Thus, the research hypothesis is expressed as follows: there seem to be patterns for the climate organization of functional space in residential buildings in cold regions of Iran. In order to determine the desired climate zoning, cities are divided into three (3) climates-Dfa, Dfb and Dsa. Climate analysis of functional spaces has been carried out based on criteria related to physical proportions, characteristics related to the spatial organization, and characteristics related to environmental conditions. To achieve the research objective, clustering has been carried out in two (2) cold climate ranges, as well as in the interclimate range. In clustering in the range between Dfa, Dfb and Dsa climates, the best number of clusters is 6, 3 and 8 respectively. The distribution map of the region's patterns shows that three identified House species are scattered throughout the region, but one of the weather patterns has been seen in all climates, has a larger number of repetitions and can be used as a pattern. An examination of the physical structure of functional spaces in this different climate zone shows that the design of functional spaces was formed or altered based on the climatic needs of each region. In this study, the results of the climate analysis of houses in the cold regions can be described as follows, as comparison of the shape of the yard and the placement of several building masses on its sides shows that differences in seasonal conditions cause changes in residential use in the climate, north-south orientation in cold weather shows that the placement of functional spaces in this climate is proportional to the direction of sunlight, and the North and West fronts have been considered in all homes due to weather issues, proper lighting and the use of the sun in the cold seasons of the year, the dimensions of the openings in this climate area have been increased to use the thermal energy from sunlight, the low ratio of the surface of the yard to the surface of the building mass in cold weather indicates the thermal need in the critical season (winter); the large surface mass of the building in (north side) in cold weather indicates adaptation to seasonal conditions and the use of sunlight in the region's very cold and long winter, and the difference in height on the two different sides of the building in this climate indicates the importance of radiation to the surface of the northern side in cold weather and indicates the preservation of heat inside the building. Based on this and based on the results, the hypothesis of this research is deduced in the form of a theory and as follows: the climatic adaptation of functional spaces of houses in the cold region of Iran has shaped similar patterns of landmark houses in this climate.

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