EFL

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

1 - بهره برداری چندهدفه شبکه توزیع دربرگیرنده توربین بادی با لحاظ نمودن کمینه¬سازی آلایندگی زیست محیطی در شبکه
رضا صداقتی

مقدمه: رشد روز افزون بار‌های مصرفی و ضرورت تأمین مناسب، به موقع و با قابلیت اطمینان شبکه‌های برق، ضرورت نگرش مجدد در بهره‌برداری بهینه از سیستم‌ها و خطوط برق را بیش از پیش ایجاب می‌نماید. از طرفی، در سال‌های اخیر حمایت‌های زیادی از منابع تولیدات پراکنده مبتنی بر انرژی‌ه چکیده کامل

مقدمه: رشد روز افزون بار‌های مصرفی و ضرورت تأمین مناسب، به موقع و با قابلیت اطمینان شبکه‌های برق، ضرورت نگرش مجدد در بهره‌برداری بهینه از سیستم‌ها و خطوط برق را بیش از پیش ایجاب می‌نماید. از طرفی، در سال‌های اخیر حمایت‌های زیادی از منابع تولیدات پراکنده مبتنی بر انرژی‌های نو خصوصاً توربین‌های بادی صورت گرفته است. یکی از عمده مسأله‌های توربین‌های بادی مسأله نوسانات شدید باد و وابستگی توان خروجی به سرعت باد می‌باشد. به موازات این مشکل، در بحث مدیریت شبکه، خطای ناشی از پیش‌بینی بار مصرفی در آینده نیز می‌تواند به هرچه سخت‌تر شدن صورت مسأله بیانجامد. یکی از تکنیک‌های مناسب بدون هزینه‌گذاری اولیه، روش تجدید ساختار و توپولوژی شبکه با هدف بهبود وضع شبکه است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق جهت بررسی مسأله تجدید ساختار و توپولوژی شبکه توزیع با حضور منابع توربین بادی به ارائه روشی نوین جهت مدیریت همزمان آن‌ها پرداخته شده است. یک تابع چند هدفه جهت دستیابی به کاهش تلفات اکتیو شبکه، کاهش هزینه‌های کلی شبکه، بهبود پروفیل ولتاژ باس‌های موجود، و کاهش میران آلایندگی کل تولیدی توسط شبکه در نظر گرفته شده که به¬منظور کمینه نمودن آن از الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی کرم شب تاب بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج و بحث: حل مسأله تجدید ساختار با در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت ناشی از توربین‌های بادی لحاظ شده است. حضور منابع بادی در شبکه توانسته توابع هدف را به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: به منظور ارزیابی روش پیشنهادی شبیه‌سازی‌هایی روی شبکه 32 باسه IEEE صورت گرفته که حاکی از اثرپذیری الگوریتم در نظر گرفته شده در قیاس با سایر الگوریتم‌های بهینه‌سازی خواهد بود. ساختار پیشنهادی دارای قدرت مناسبی جهت در نظر عدم قطعیت متغیر‌های تصادفی مسأله بوده بطوری که مقدار انحراف استاندارد هر یک از توابع هدف بعد از بهینه‌سازی کاهش یافته و در حقیقت میزان اطمینان پاسخ‌های یافت شده افزایش یافته است. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

2 - حاکمیت بر رعایا: بازتاب ایدئولوژی صفویان در نقاشی‌های «مرد سوار بر اسب و فیل ترکیبی» (پیکره در پیکره)
صدیقه نایفی اصغر جوانی محمدرضا مریدی

10.30495/jhcin.2019.13927

نقاشی های مرد سوار بر اسب و فیل ترکیبی صفوی دسته ای از آثار نقاشی ترکیبی جهان اند که محققان به ظهور و وفور تصویرگری آنها در سده 16ﻫ/10م اذعان دارند. این آثار بر رغم جذابیت، در سال های بعد به دلایلی مبهم دچار رکود و تغییر مضامین شدند. تحقیق حاضر می کوشد با مبنا قرار داد چکیده کامل

نقاشی های مرد سوار بر اسب و فیل ترکیبی صفوی دسته ای از آثار نقاشی ترکیبی جهان اند که محققان به ظهور و وفور تصویرگری آنها در سده 16ﻫ/10م اذعان دارند. این آثار بر رغم جذابیت، در سال های بعد به دلایلی مبهم دچار رکود و تغییر مضامین شدند. تحقیق حاضر می کوشد با مبنا قرار دادن نظریه بازتاب، مبنی بر انعکاس جامعه و ایدئولوژی مسلط در آثار هنری و با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای تصاویر و تطبیق نتایج آن با تاریخ اجتماعی دوره صفویان، با پاسخ‌گویی به سؤالاتی چون چیستی هویت و کنش پیکره های موجود در این آثار و نقششان در تکوین جامعه و چگونگی بازتاب جامعه در آنها به برخی از این دلایل اشاره نماید. گفتنی است داده های تصویری در این تحقیق به شیوه اشباع نظری و داده های تاریخی به روش اسنادی جمع آوری شده اند. تعیین گروه ها و طبقات حاضر و غایب در بدنه اجتماع تصویرشده در این آثار، استخراج مقوله های اصلی از کدگذاری تصاویر شامل حاکمیت یک پارچه و متمرکز و شاه هم‌چون رمه بان رعایا، تطبیق مقوله های یادشده با کارکردها و کاستی های ایدئولوژی طبقه حاکم صفوی، نگاه انتقادی به مضامین و سرانجام ارائه دلایلی برای رکود تصویرگری آنها در اواخر دوره صفویه چون کم شدن توان ایدئولوژی پویای اولیه و از رونق افتادن تشبیهاتی مانند شاه هم‌چون رمه بان از مهم ترین دستاوردهای این تحقیق به شمار می رود. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

3 - Optical and morphological characterization of nanostructured AgO thin films
Adeleh Granmayehrad Hamed Abbasi

10.57647/j.jtap.2023.1701.04

Silver Oxide (AgO) thin films were prepared by using a cylindrical direct current reactive magnetron sputtering system at 10-5 torr initial pressure on BK7 glass substrate. Samples deposited for 3, 5 and 7 minutes. Surface characterization of AgO thin films in the nanom چکیده کامل

Silver Oxide (AgO) thin films were prepared by using a cylindrical direct current reactive magnetron sputtering system at 10-5 torr initial pressure on BK7 glass substrate. Samples deposited for 3, 5 and 7 minutes. Surface characterization of AgO thin films in the nanometer scale can be accurately determined using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average roughness (Ravg), maximum peak to valley height (Rt) and root mean square (Rrms) roughness are used to analyze the surface morphology of AgO films. The linear optical absorption data were measured in the visible-near infrared spectral regions and the nonlinear refractive index (n2) of thin films is evaluated by the moiré deflectometery technique. The investigation indicates that, increase in AgO thickness leads to reduction in nonlinear refractive index. پرونده مقاله

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4 - Soliton reflection in a magnetized inhomogeneous warm plasma: effect of ionization
Hitendra K. Malik Jyoti Ravinder Kumar

10.1007/s40094-014-0123-y

AbstractThe reflection of nonlinear solitary waves is studied in a plasma under the effect of an external magnetic field and constant ionization along with finite ion temperature. To investigate the reflection of solitary waves, relevant modified Korteweg–deVries equati چکیده کامل

AbstractThe reflection of nonlinear solitary waves is studied in a plasma under the effect of an external magnetic field and constant ionization along with finite ion temperature. To investigate the reflection of solitary waves, relevant modified Korteweg–deVries equations for the right and left going waves are derived, and coupled at the point of reflection for obtaining the expression of reflection coefficient. The solitary waves are found to shift after their reflection. Variation of reflection coefficient and shift are studied for different plasma parameters like ion temperature, ionization rate and wave propagation angle or the obliqueness of magnetic field. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

5 - Evolution of solitons and their reflection and transmission in a plasma having negatively charged dust grains
Renu Tomar Anjali Bhatnagar Hitendra K. Malik Raj P. Dahiya

10.1007/s40094-014-0138-4

AbstractTheoretical calculations are carried out for studying soliton’s reflection and transmission in an inhomogeneous plasma comprising ions, two temperature electrons and negatively charged dust grains. Using reductive perturbation technique, relevant modified KdV eq چکیده کامل

AbstractTheoretical calculations are carried out for studying soliton’s reflection and transmission in an inhomogeneous plasma comprising ions, two temperature electrons and negatively charged dust grains. Using reductive perturbation technique, relevant modified KdV equations are derived for the incident, reflected and transmitted solitons. Then a coupled equation is obtained based on these mKdV equations, which is solved for the reflected soliton under the use of solutions of mKdV equations corresponding to the incident and transmitted solitons. Based on the ratio of amplitudes of reflected and incident solitons, reflection coefficient is examined under the effect of dust grain density; the same is done for the transmission coefficient which is the ratio of amplitudes of transmitted and incident solitons. The transmission of the solitons becomes weaker under the effect of stronger magnetic field and higher dust density. However, this leads to the stronger reflection of the soliton. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

6 - Reflection of ion acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with variable charge dust
Renu Tomar Hitendra K. Malik Raj P. Dahiya

10.1007/s40094-014-0126-8

AbstractAn inhomogeneous plasma comprising ions, two temperature electrons and dust grains with variable charge is explored for its unperturbed state for ions’ drift due to density gradient and perturbed state for the evolution of ion acoustic solitary waves and their r چکیده کامل

AbstractAn inhomogeneous plasma comprising ions, two temperature electrons and dust grains with variable charge is explored for its unperturbed state for ions’ drift due to density gradient and perturbed state for the evolution of ion acoustic solitary waves and their reflection under the effect of an external magnetic field. The ion drift velocity is found to depend on the plasma parameters and magnetic field. The perturbed state of plasma supports two types of ion acoustic waves, which evolve into fast and slow compressive solitary structures under certain conditions. However, only the fast solitary wave is observed to be reflected and acquired opposite polarity to that of the incident solitary wave. The solitary waves are found to be downshifted after their reflection. The reflection coefficient acquires higher values in the case of dust grains of fixed charge in comparison with the case of fluctuating charge on the dust grains. It means the reflection becomes stronger when the charge on the dust grains does not fluctuate and remains fixed. The effect of dust grain density is to enhance the amplitude of solitary waves but to weaken their reflection. The amplitudes of both the incident and reflected solitons remain higher for the case of fluctuating charge on the dust grains in comparison with the case of fixed charge. The effective temperature of the plasma is also found to alter the solitary structures significantly in the case of dust grains having fluctuating charge. پرونده مقاله

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7 - The comparison of homotopy perturbation method with finite difference method for determination of maximum beam deflection
Masoud Saravi Martin Hermann Hadi Ebrahimi Khah

10.1186/2251-7235-7-8

AbstractThis paper deals with the determination of maximum beam deflection using homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and finite difference method (FDM). By providing some examples, we compare the results with exact solutions and conclude that HPM is more accurate, more s چکیده کامل

AbstractThis paper deals with the determination of maximum beam deflection using homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and finite difference method (FDM). By providing some examples, we compare the results with exact solutions and conclude that HPM is more accurate, more stable and effective and can therefore be found widely applicable in structrue engineering. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

8 - Investigation of the impact of different ARC layers using PC1D simulation: application to crystalline silicon solar cells
Galib Hashmi Mohammad Junaebur Rashid Zahid Hasan Mahmood Mahbubul Hoq Md. Habibur Rahman

10.1007/s40094-018-0313-0

AbstractIn this work, the impact of six different anti-reflection coating (ARC) layers has been investigated using PC1D simulation software. Simulation shows that the range of 500–700 nm would be suitable for designing an ARC. Designing a single-layer silicon nitride (S چکیده کامل

AbstractIn this work, the impact of six different anti-reflection coating (ARC) layers has been investigated using PC1D simulation software. Simulation shows that the range of 500–700 nm would be suitable for designing an ARC. Designing a single-layer silicon nitride (Si3N4) ARC for 600 nm wavelength and with a thickness of 74.257 nm, a silicon solar cell with 20.35% efficiency has been simulated. Very closely followed by a 20.34% efficient silicon solar cell with 74.87 nm thick zinc oxide (ZnO) ARC layer. Significant increase in efficiency has been observed by applying ARC in respect to not applying any kind of ARC. After efficient solar cell modeling, optimum efficiency of 20.67% is being achieved by using SiO2 surface passivation and Si3N4 ARC layer. The effects on voltage, current, photovoltaic efficiency, reflectivity and external quantum efficiency due to ARCs are also represented in this work. پرونده مقاله

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9 - Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a nonlinear over-dense plasma slab
M. Tohfeh L. Rajaei S. Miraboutalebi L. F. Matin

10.1007/s40094-020-00391-4

AbstractA study on the transmission of the electromagnetic waves from a structure consisting of an over-dense plasma layer with nonlinear effects is undertaken. The applied nonlinearity is presented due to the series expansion of the polarization in the medium. The nonl چکیده کامل

AbstractA study on the transmission of the electromagnetic waves from a structure consisting of an over-dense plasma layer with nonlinear effects is undertaken. The applied nonlinearity is presented due to the series expansion of the polarization in the medium. The nonlinear plasma layer is supposed to be placed between two linear dielectric layers. The transparency conditions are investigated for the p-polarized obliquely incident waves. It is shown that the formation of the surface waves can eventuate to the transmission of the incident waves. This fact has already be seen in the case of the linear over-dense plasma, but, here, it is examined in the presence of the nonlinear effects. To determine the propitious conditions for the surface wave excitation, the exact solutions of the electromagnetic field equations are used in all regions. The transmission, the reflection, and the dissipation rates of the electromagnetic waves from the entire structure are obtained, and the effects of the main parameters on them are discussed. پرونده مقاله

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10 - A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on ABC and Firefly algorithms
azita yousefi bita amirshahi

Abstract— In this paper we have tried to develop an altered version of the artificial bee colony algorithm which is inspired from and combined with the meta-heuristic algorithm of firefly. In this method, we have tried to change the main equation of searching with چکیده کامل

Abstract— In this paper we have tried to develop an altered version of the artificial bee colony algorithm which is inspired from and combined with the meta-heuristic algorithm of firefly. In this method, we have tried to change the main equation of searching within the original ABC algorithm. On this basis, a new combined equation was used for steps of employed bees and onlooker bees. For this purpose, we had to define several new parameters for improving the quality of the proposed method. In this regard, we have introduced two new parameters to the method. The new method has been simulated within the software of MATLAB and it has also been run according to objective functions of SPHERE, GRIEWANK and ACKLEY. All these functions are standard evaluation functions that are generally used for meta-heuristic algorithms. Results that were yielded by the proposed method were better than the results of the initial algorithm and especially by increasing the number of variables of the problem, this improvement becomes even more significant. We have successfully established a better balance between concepts of exploration and exploitation, especially with increasing the repetition cycles, we have successfully controlled the concept of utilization with random parameters. Tests have been ran more than 500 times. پرونده مقاله

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11 - Dynamic Replication based on Firefly Algorithm in Data Grid
mehdi Sadeghzadeh

In data grid, using reservation is accepted to provide scheduling and service quality. Users need to have an access to the stored data in geographical environment, which can be solved by using replication, and an action taken to reach certainty. As a result, users are d چکیده کامل

In data grid, using reservation is accepted to provide scheduling and service quality. Users need to have an access to the stored data in geographical environment, which can be solved by using replication, and an action taken to reach certainty. As a result, users are directed toward the nearest version to access information. The most important point is to know in which sites and distributed system the produced versions are located. By selecting a suitable place for versions, the versions having performance, efficiency and lower access time are used. In this study, an efficient method is presented to select the best place for those versions created in data grid by using the users’ firefly algorithm which is compared with cooling algorithm. Results show that firefly algorithm has better performance than others.This means firefly algorithm is better and more accurate than genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in data replication task. پرونده مقاله

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12 - جریان‌ مقاومت در انیمیشن و سینمای ژاپن «مطالعه موردی: تحلیل و بررسی انیمیشن مدفن کرم‌های شب‌تاب»
ابراهیم کارگران محمدحسین فرج‌نژاد ابرقوئی

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.66306.1444

جهت تحلیل دقیق و هوشمندانه هنر و سینمای هر کشور، اشراف بر جریانات فکری، دینی و سیاسی آن کشور، امری حیاتی است. شناسایی جریانات فعال ژاپنی از ابتدا تا کنون در عرصه حکومت، اندیشه، فرهنگ و رسانه‌ ژاپن و همچنین تولید انیمیشن توسط کمپانی‌ها و شرکت‌های وابسته به این جریانات، ا چکیده کامل

جهت تحلیل دقیق و هوشمندانه هنر و سینمای هر کشور، اشراف بر جریانات فکری، دینی و سیاسی آن کشور، امری حیاتی است. شناسایی جریانات فعال ژاپنی از ابتدا تا کنون در عرصه حکومت، اندیشه، فرهنگ و رسانه‌ ژاپن و همچنین تولید انیمیشن توسط کمپانی‌ها و شرکت‌های وابسته به این جریانات، از اهداف این پژوهش است که در تحلیل مرسوم، کاستی آن احساس می‌شود. در این تحقیق با توجه به نقص‌ها و نقدهایی که به روش‌شناسی نوفرمالیستی وارد است، جهت دستیابی به فهم عمیق‌تر حکمت، زیبایی‌شناسی و تأثیرات رسانه‌ای و اجتماعی انیمیشن، در کنار فهم دقیق فرم و تکنیک آن، به روش‌شناسی ویژه‌ای موسوم به فنی ـ حکمی استفاده شده است که از جنس روش‌های تحلیل کیفی می‌باشد. در این روش، با فراروی از صرف فرم، به زمینه‌های اجتماعی و جریانات دینی، اندیشه‌ای و سیاسی پشتیبان و همچنین ارزیابی حکمی تأثیرات انیمیشین بر تعالی یا هبوط بشر نیز توجه می‌شود. در نهایت، در این پژوهش جریان مقاومت در ساخت محصولات انیمیشن ژاپن شناسایی و پویانمایی مدفن کرم‌های شب‌تاب نیز به عنوان مطالعه موردی بررسی شد. حاصل آنکه پویانمایی مدفن کرم‌های شب‌تاب به عنوان یکی از آثار فاخر جریان مقاومت در ژاپن است که توانست با ادبیات مقاومت به خوبی نتایج ظلم آمریکایی‌ها را در خلال جنگ جهانی دوم بر مردم ژاپن به تصویر کشد. پرونده مقاله

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13 - تبیین مبانی معرفت شناسی معماری و شهرسازی با نگرش سیستمی
نسیم اشرافی

تدوین تئوری در حوزه معماری و شهرسازی و چگونگی اجرای آن، از معضلاتی است که صاحبنظران این حوزه را به چالش کشیده است. ناکامی مکاتب مختلف در معرفت شناسی روابط بین اجزای معماری و شهرسازی همزمان با پیچیدگی علوم و تعامل آنها با این علم آغاز گردید. از طرفی ورود اندیشه های غربی چکیده کامل

تدوین تئوری در حوزه معماری و شهرسازی و چگونگی اجرای آن، از معضلاتی است که صاحبنظران این حوزه را به چالش کشیده است. ناکامی مکاتب مختلف در معرفت شناسی روابط بین اجزای معماری و شهرسازی همزمان با پیچیدگی علوم و تعامل آنها با این علم آغاز گردید. از طرفی ورود اندیشه های غربی و از طرف دیگر نگرش اتمیسم به معماری و شهرسازی، سبب ناکامی مکاتب مختلف داخلی در معرفت شناسی روابط بین اجزای معماری و شهرسازی گردیده است. پژوهش حاضر همواره در تلاش است با تعریف نگرش سیستمی، به عنوان نگرش کل گرا و وحدت بخش، نقش سیستمهای عینی، ذهنی و فطری را در ارتباط با عینیت فضا، ذهنیت معمار و فطرت معمار و مخاطب تبیین نماید تا مولفه ماندگاری در اثر معماری و شهرسازی را به عنوان مولفه هویت سیستمی معرفی نموده و امنیت آن را در مقابل تهدید اندیشه های بیگانه بواسطه مکتب موقعیت محور تامین نماید. پرونده مقاله

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14 - Comparison of Design Process in Student and Instructor
Zohreh Torabi

In this paper the designing products of B.A. Sophomore students of architecture in TehranUniversity who were divided into two kinds of learning namely technical and skill-based learning. In technical learningthe subjective steps of creativity process i.e. "insight", "pr چکیده کامل

In this paper the designing products of B.A. Sophomore students of architecture in TehranUniversity who were divided into two kinds of learning namely technical and skill-based learning. In technical learningthe subjective steps of creativity process i.e. "insight", "preparation", "incubation", "intuition", and "verification"were discussed and it was suggested that these steps cannot be taught but in skill-based learning the objective stepsof creativity process i.e. "combination", "mutation", "analogy", "first principle" and "emergence" in a form of aninstructional and designing practice were studied. In skill-based learning, three kinds of learning namely "passive","active" and "reflective are utilized. Passive learning is used by the student to discover the knowledge and skill of theinstructor. The active learning which is based on the idea is utilized for helping the novice learners. The result of thecase study indicated that the perception through creativity in the designing process is like building a bridge on theknowledge gap between teacher and student through studying the samples of architecture as an active learning andstudent's implicit knowledge as a reflective learning. In this paper the emphasis is on the values of education and thevery important point about learning designing is the access to the creativity as a product of an educational process. Tothis end the instructors' concern on the quality of improving the novice learners' designing ability and considering thesuggested model in order to evaluate the designing improvement is quite necessary and indispensible. پرونده مقاله

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15 - Public Urban Spaces: Reflecting the Collective Rituals(Iranian Tkayay and Hosseiniyeh)
Hamidreza Shoaie Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrei Farah Habib

Islamic and Iranian cities, both, East and West, know the physical monuments of Islamic culture1 basedon one of the features of the Islamic cities. Meanwhile, other religious centers, including Tkaya, Hosseiniyeh and hospiceis not the case to considerate, while these el چکیده کامل

Islamic and Iranian cities, both, East and West, know the physical monuments of Islamic culture1 basedon one of the features of the Islamic cities. Meanwhile, other religious centers, including Tkaya, Hosseiniyeh and hospiceis not the case to considerate, while these elements cause to shape group behavior, strengthen social ties and strengtheningof cultural integration, have always played a major role. These reasons reflect the role of the religious and their religiousmission to, Imam Hussein: have been lasting and eternal ever. On the other hand, religious buildings, including mosques,Hosseiniyeh, the convent, the grave and so for various reasons such as “governing their spirituality,” “Historical Background”,“architectural style” and “cultural works - social among people of the past had been of special aspects “sanctity”. Materialsand Methods, “descriptors” and “analytic” in addition, with reference to theories and models of sustainability and sustainableurban spaces using “argument” and “analog” to review these theories and extend them to Hosseiniyeh and Tkaya discussedand some results in this direction are mentioned. Research findings show the survival of Tkaya and Hosseiniyeh beliefs,beliefs, customs and religion of citizens, especially their integration with the components is related to religious values andreflecting the traditional city is based on the formation of beliefs is that survival, Protection and maintenance Hosseiniyehpaid actor and in which viewers of this show and passionate Hosseini mourning single entity to have formed; If due to theimpact of beliefs and opinions of people throughout history has been a Hosseiniyeh as a phenomenon of religious valuesand that its inclusion has been persistent throughout history and reflect the beliefs of religious people and the world towardsImam Ali, Imam Hussein: future date will remain the eternal. پرونده مقاله

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16 - The Opacity of GlassRethinking Transparency in Contemporary Architecture
Seyed Yahya Islami

In this paper, an exchange of letters between the philosopher Jacques Derrida and architect Peter Eisenman is used as a catalyst to discuss the material qualities of glass and its relationship with the concept of transparency in architecture. In his criticism of an arch چکیده کامل

In this paper, an exchange of letters between the philosopher Jacques Derrida and architect Peter Eisenman is used as a catalyst to discuss the material qualities of glass and its relationship with the concept of transparency in architecture. In his criticism of an architecture devoid of human qualities, Derrida uses glass, defined through Walter Benjamin’s writings, as a hard and cold material that does not allow any human attachments and transparency as an absence of aura or a sense of awe. This paper attempts to elaborate that there can be different interpretations of transparency in architecture and that the material qualities of glass can be used to construct a different understanding of architecture in the current world of mass media and information. It is also argued that a particular approach to architecture has become possible in which textual constructs veil glassy buildings resulting in a translucent architecture that exploits different media to extend its influence beyond the limitations of a particular material, site or context. پرونده مقاله

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17 - نتایجی در مورد مدول‌های k- بی‌تاب
مریم سلیمی

فرض کنید R یک حلقه جابه‌جایی و نوتری باشد. در ، مدول‌های  بی‌تاب به‌عنوان تعمیمی از مدول‌های بی‌تاب و انعکاسی تعریف شده‌اند. بدین معنا که مدول‌های بی‌تاب، مدول 1- بی‌تاب و مدول‌های انعکاسی، مدول 2- بی‌تاب باشند. در این مقاله، برخی از ویژگی‌های مدول‌های بی‌تاب، انعک چکیده کامل

فرض کنید R یک حلقه جابه‌جایی و نوتری باشد. در ، مدول‌های  بی‌تاب به‌عنوان تعمیمی از مدول‌های بی‌تاب و انعکاسی تعریف شده‌اند. بدین معنا که مدول‌های بی‌تاب، مدول 1- بی‌تاب و مدول‌های انعکاسی، مدول 2- بی‌تاب باشند. در این مقاله، برخی از ویژگی‌های مدول‌های بی‌تاب، انعکاسی و در حالت کلی  بی‌تاب را مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهیم. ثابت می‌کنیم که برای  مدول  با فرض ،  مدول  بی‌تاب است اگر و تنها اگر برای هر ، به ‌طوری‌که ،  مدول  بی‌تاب باشد، و برای هر  به‌ طوری‌که  داشته باشیم . بعلاوه، با استفاده از فرمول آسلندر - بریدجر، ثابت می‌کنیم  مدول  بی‌تاب است اگر و تنها اگر برای هر ، به ‌طوری‌که ،  مدول  بی‌تاب باشد، و برای هر  به ‌طوری‌که  داشته باشیم . همچنین ثابت می‌کنیم که روی حلقه‌های گورنشتاین و موضعی با بعد ، کلاس مدول‌های ماکزیمال کوهن - مکالی و کلاس مدول‌های  بی‌تاب معادلند. در پایان شرایط لازم و کافی برای این که حاصل‌ضرب تانسوری مدول‌های  بی‌تاب مدول  بی‌تاب شود را به‌دست می‌آوریم. پرونده مقاله

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18 - پیش بینی قیمت سهام بااستفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب (FA)
علی بیات زینب باقری

در این پژوهش به پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام 10 شرکت از شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس و تعدادی از شرکت‌های حاضر در فرابورس بااستفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی، از نظر روش گردآوری اطلاعات شبه تجربی، توصیفی - پیمایشی و پس رویدادی است. همچنی چکیده کامل

در این پژوهش به پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام 10 شرکت از شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس و تعدادی از شرکت‌های حاضر در فرابورس بااستفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی، از نظر روش گردآوری اطلاعات شبه تجربی، توصیفی - پیمایشی و پس رویدادی است. همچنین ازنظر ابزارهای گردآوری اطلاعات، کتابخانه ای می باشد و بدلیل ماهیت مدل‌سازی و پیش‌بینی، ازنوع پژوهش استقرایی است. در این تحقیق از داده‌ها در دو مرحله، الگوریتم استفاده خواهیم کرد: الف ) داده هایی برای آموزش الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب قبل از پیش‌بینی (مرحله یادگیری الگوریتم) که تعداد این متغیرها برابر 16 متغیر می‌باشد. این متغیرها برای دوره زمانی سه سال (1388-1392) ب) داده های گذشته شرکت ها برای پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام در آینده (مرحله تست الگوریتم) که تعداد این متغیرها برابر12 متغیر است. سرانجام دراین پژوهش از الگوریتم آموزش دیده برای پیش بینی قیمت سهام استفاده می‌گردد. طرز کار الگوریتم نیز به این صورت است که داده های روزانه , ماهانه یا سالانه (N) به الگوریتم داده می شود. الگوریتم به پیش بینی قیمت سهام برای روز، ماه یا سال N+1 ام می پردازد. برای محاسبه ی خطای پیش بینی از محاسبه خطای نسبی استفاده شده است. محاسبات انجام خطای کمتر از 6% را برای پیش‌بینی نشان می‌دهد. بنابراین الگوریتم کرم شب تاب قابلیت پیش بینی قیمت سهام را داراست. پرونده مقاله

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19 - The Effect of Social Network Use on EFL Learners’ Second Language Achievement: An Investigation into their Attitudes
Farzaneh Khodabandeh

The efforts were made in the present study to seek two objectives: determining the effect of Telegram as a social network on second language achievement of Iranian foreign language (EFL) learners, and exploring the EFL learner’ attitude toward using Telegram for l چکیده کامل

The efforts were made in the present study to seek two objectives: determining the effect of Telegram as a social network on second language achievement of Iranian foreign language (EFL) learners, and exploring the EFL learner’ attitude toward using Telegram for language learning purposes. To this end, 40 EFL learners were randomly selected and then divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group did their exercises through Telegram as a collective language learning activity at home, while members of the control group did the exercises in their individualistic specific ways. After the treatment, the results of Independent-Samples t-test showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group. The results of interview indicated that EFL learners mostly had never used any kind of social media in a collective manner for language learning. The findings of this study might have some implications for teachers to help them employ social media as an educational tool, for language learners to indicate the advantages of using social media for language learning, and for material developers to design activities in textbooks which need to be done through social media in a collective manner. پرونده مقاله

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20 - Sociological Analysis of Impressments of Modern Factors on Religious Values in Rural Kurdistan
Rashid Ahmadrash

This research has been done during two years and with studying and consistent referring to almost thirty villages of region called” Mukerian” located in south of west Azarbaijan Iran. Data’s of this research considering socio-cultural peculiarities of چکیده کامل

This research has been done during two years and with studying and consistent referring to almost thirty villages of region called” Mukerian” located in south of west Azarbaijan Iran. Data’s of this research considering socio-cultural peculiarities of studied rural by using qualitative methods and grounded theory and applying techniques like; deep interviews, oral history and field participation. Theoretically, new theories of modernization and some of theories which related to interpretive sociology have been our guidance and especially Engelhard’s theory of values evolution, new theory of modernization and reflexive modernity of Giddens have formed our conceptual frame work. Anyway, observation, studies and “ lived experience” of researcher shows the happening of different “objective- subjective” kind of changes in the “ life world” of Kurdish rural under influence of environmental conditions, locating in border age and neighboring with Iraq and Turkey, historical, political and cultural conditions of geographical region called” Mukerian”, in different fields; “religious and spiritual values” , all show ”modernizing of rural man .In fact we in one side observing “ creation of some new and modern traditions’ and in the other “ modernizing of some old traditions” in Iranian rural community and so in Kurdistan. All such changes guided us toward our field theory which we have called it “rural pseudo-modernism with Kurdish Iranian characters”. پرونده مقاله

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21 - Kurdistan between Modernism and Tradition (Case of Study: Mukerian)
Rashid Ahmadrash

During last century and in a period of time called modern history of middle east, we have seen different changes in life of urban communities as whole, and urban and rural of the mentioned region in particular. The range and power of such changes has been in such a leve چکیده کامل

During last century and in a period of time called modern history of middle east, we have seen different changes in life of urban communities as whole, and urban and rural of the mentioned region in particular. The range and power of such changes has been in such a level that we can claim: it has changed the “life world” of people noticeably. Among all parts of the region our field study (Iran’s Kurdistan) faces in one way with a weak efforts of first generation for keeping of traditional values, for example; in the fields of religion, family and socio cultural issues, and on the other side, faces with double efforts of new generation who has adapted himself more with modern elements and values like; new education, mass media, secular values and urban life values with orientation toward consuming and welfare. However, it must be mentioned that all human societies among them Kurdistan involves dynamic and consistent process of “de-traditionalisation and traditionalisation”. Data of this research considering socio cultural peculiarities of studied subjects by using qualitative methods and grounded theory and applying techniques like; deep interviews, oral history and field participation. Theoretically, new theories of modernization and some theories which related to interpretive sociology especially Engellhart’s theory of values evolution, new theory of modernization and reflexive modernity of Giddens have formed our conceptual framework. Anyway, observations, studies and “ lived experience” of researcher shows the happening of different “ objective- subjective” kind of changes in the “ life world” of Kurds under influence of environmental conditions, locating in border age, historical, political and cultural conditions of geographical region called ”Mukerian”, in different fields; “ religion and spiritual values” ,social interactions, both inter and intra group relations, relation of couples, parents and their offspring, love and sexual issues, divorce, marriage and related traditions, in the fields of economic and life stocks of rural” life style, including; house decorations and material used for building, decorative and cosmetic materials and… also in the field of cultural and ethnic changes, attention paid to clothing and music, art and literature and other ethnic and identity symbols, all shows modernizing of Kurds .In fact we in one side observing “ creation of some new and modern tradition” and in the other “ modernizing of some old traditions” in Kurdistan. All such changes guided us toward our field theory which we have called it “pseudo modernism with Kurdish Iranian exclusivity”. پرونده مقاله

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22 - بررسی همگرایی معیارهای انعکاسی و ترکیبی کیفیت سود در واکنش به مؤلفه‌های انگیزشی مدیران
عبداله حسین زاده زهره حاجیها سیدمحمود موسوی شیری هاشم نیکومرام

باوجوداینکه کیفیت سود ازجمله موضوعاتی است که در دهه‌های گذشته موردتوجه بسیاری از پژوهشگران حسابداری قرارگرفته است، اما ادبیات حسابداری روابط بین معیارهای موجود کیفیت سود را به‌صورت دقیق مشخص نمی‌کند. در این پژوهش 5 معیار کیفیت سود بر اساس مدل‌های انعکاسی و ترکیبی به دو چکیده کامل

باوجوداینکه کیفیت سود ازجمله موضوعاتی است که در دهه‌های گذشته موردتوجه بسیاری از پژوهشگران حسابداری قرارگرفته است، اما ادبیات حسابداری روابط بین معیارهای موجود کیفیت سود را به‌صورت دقیق مشخص نمی‌کند. در این پژوهش 5 معیار کیفیت سود بر اساس مدل‌های انعکاسی و ترکیبی به دو گروه تقسیم می‌شوند و سپس همگرایی بین معیارهای موجود در هر گروه با توجه به مؤلفه‌های انگیزشی مدیران که یک عامل تعیین‌کننده در کیفیت سود می‌باشند، موردبررسی قرار می‌گیرد. نمونه آماری پژوهش شامل 163 شرکت از شرکت‌های پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در بازه زمانی 1388 تا 1396 است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اولاً بین معیارهای قابلیت پیش‌بینی سود و تجدید ارائه رابطه مثبت و معنادار و بین معیارهای پایداری سود و تجدید ارائه و هم‌چنین بین معیارهای مربوط بودن ارزش و اقلام تعهدی اختیاری رابطه منفی و معناداری وجود دارد. ثانیاً همگرایی بین معیارهای انعکاسی نسبت به معیارهای ترکیبی کیفیت سود بیشتر هست و ثالثاً مؤلفه‌های انگیزشی بدهی و مالیاتی همگرایی بین معیارهای انعکاسی را نسبت به معیارهای ترکیبی کیفیت سود افزایش می‌دهد. پرونده مقاله

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23 - تعاملات فرهنگی مغولها با اروپاییهاو تاثیرآن بر معماری ورودی بناهای ایران در دوره ایلخانی با بررسی دو نمونه مسجد ایلخانی و کلیسای گوتیک
علی باختر رضا فرمهینی فرهانی حسین مرادی نسب

10.30495/jcm.2022.62604.1549

مقدمه و هدف پژوهش: مغولان پس از حمله به ایران و ویرانگری‌های اولیه شروع به سازندگی کردند و معماری خود را در ادامه معماری گذشتگان ولی با ارتفاع بیشتر در ورودی شکل دادند. شروع روابط فرهنگی و اقتصادی ایران و اروپا در این دوره شکل گرفت. وروابط سیاسی بهبود پیدا کرد. این دوره چکیده کامل

مقدمه و هدف پژوهش: مغولان پس از حمله به ایران و ویرانگری‌های اولیه شروع به سازندگی کردند و معماری خود را در ادامه معماری گذشتگان ولی با ارتفاع بیشتر در ورودی شکل دادند. شروع روابط فرهنگی و اقتصادی ایران و اروپا در این دوره شکل گرفت. وروابط سیاسی بهبود پیدا کرد. این دوره همزمان با دوره معماری گوتیک اروپا بود، که شاخصه اصلی آن ارتفاع در ساخت و تناسبات ورودی آن شبیه به بناهای ایلخانی است.روش پژوهش: این پژوهش در قالــب پژوهش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی قرار می‌گیرد. و اطلاعات مورد نیاز درباره آییــن و فرهنگ مغولان و معمــاری دوره ایلخانــی و اروپای آن زمان از طریــق جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به شــیوه کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی گردآوری شــده است.روش نمونه‌گیری: انتخاب بنا باروش AHP انجام شده و سپس با روش مقایسه تطبیقی کیفی توافقی شاخصه‌های مشترک، مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت.یافته و نتیجه‌گیری: پس از بررسی نقش تعاملات فرهنگی مغولان و اروپاییان و مطالعه ورودی مساجد و کلیساها و مقایسه اشتراک و افتراق شاخصه‌ها، مشاهده شد که برخلاف تصور تاثیرات این تعامل در حوزه بنیادین معماری به ویژه در شکل‌گیری ورودی بناها تاثیر نداشته است و کماکان نظریه مرتفع‌سازی بناها بواسطه ایجاد نمادهای شهری و ساختار قدرت طلبی مغولان معتبر می‌باشد. . پرونده مقاله

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24 - بررسی نوگرایی خانواده های ایرانی (تحقیقی در شهر تهران)
سید رضا معینی عالیه شکربیگی

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25 - جان رالز: از سنت قرارداد اجتماعی تا دو اصل عدالت
شهلا اسلامی

سنت قرارداد اجتماعی در تاریخ فلسفه ی سیاسی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. نظریه پردازان کلاسیکسنت قرارداد اجتماعی، مثل لاک، روسو و کانت، قرارداد اجتماعی را برای برقراری مرجعیت سیاسی بهمنظور غلبه بر مشکلات زندگی در وضعیت بی قانونی امری لازم می دانستند. جان رالز در نظریۀ عدا چکیده کامل

سنت قرارداد اجتماعی در تاریخ فلسفه ی سیاسی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. نظریه پردازان کلاسیکسنت قرارداد اجتماعی، مثل لاک، روسو و کانت، قرارداد اجتماعی را برای برقراری مرجعیت سیاسی بهمنظور غلبه بر مشکلات زندگی در وضعیت بی قانونی امری لازم می دانستند. جان رالز در نظریۀ عدالت خودرویکرد تاز های به نظریۀ قرارداد اجتماعی دارد. او طرف های قرارداد یای را برای انتخاب اصول عدالت فرضمی کند که به تعیین اصول اخلاقی که نهادهای سیاسی جامعه را شکل می دهد، می پردازند. طرف های قرارداددر دیدگاه رالز در موقعیتی فرضی به نام موقعیت اولیه قرار دارند. این افراد آزاد، برابر و عقلانی اند و در پردهجهل هستند؛ به این معنا که از خصوصیاتی مانند جنسیت، جایگاه اجتماعی، جهتگیری مذهبی و برداشتنام می برد که اصول عدالت و تعادل تأملی خود از امر خیر ناآگاه هستند. رالز در این موقعیت از فنی به نامداوری های سنجیده ی ما را با هم هماهنگ می کند. در موقعیت اولیه، طرف های قرارداد دو اصل عدالت، یعنیاصل آزادی و اصل برابری را انتخاب م یکنند. مفهوم موقعیت اولیه تفسیری از دیدگاه کانت دربارۀ اصلآزادی اراده و امر مطلق است. توصیف این موقعیت است که فرد را قادر م یسازد ، هنگام عمل به اصولانتخاب شده در این موقعیت، طبیعت ذاتی خود را به عنوان انسان آزاد و خودآیین نشان دهد. بنابراین رالز ازقرارداد اجتماعی برای مشروعیت بخشیدن به مرجعیت سیاسی استفاده نمیکند، بلکه او با استفاده ازموقعیت اولیه مفهومی از طبیعت انسان را ارائه م یکند که لیبرال ها همواره از آن سخن گفته اند؛ فرد آزادشده، فردی که از هرگونه فشار اجتماعی، سنتی و یا سیاسی رها شده است. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

26 - ارتباط سنجی بارش های شدید بهاری و تابش طول موج بلند خروجی زمین، مطالعه موردی بارش 15 آوریل 2016 شمال غرب ایران
علی غفاری محمد سلیقه محمدحسین ناصرزاده

هدف این تحقیق ارتباط سنجی بارش بهاری و تابش طول موج بلند خروجی با استفاده از بررسی نقشه های اقلیمی در سطوح مختلف جو، سطح زمین و نیز تهیه نقشه اشعه طول موج بلند بازتابشی زمین می باشد. برای این کار داده های آماری ایستگاه های سینوپتیک شمال غرب(15 آوریل 2016) از سازمان هواش چکیده کامل

هدف این تحقیق ارتباط سنجی بارش بهاری و تابش طول موج بلند خروجی با استفاده از بررسی نقشه های اقلیمی در سطوح مختلف جو، سطح زمین و نیز تهیه نقشه اشعه طول موج بلند بازتابشی زمین می باشد. برای این کار داده های آماری ایستگاه های سینوپتیک شمال غرب(15 آوریل 2016) از سازمان هواشناسی اخذ شد. همچنین از داده های بازکاوی شده NCEP با قدرت تفکیک شبکه های افقی 5 درجه طول وعرض جغرافیایی استفاده شد واز طریق نرم افزار گردس، نقشه های تراز سطح دریا، سطح 500 هکتوپاسکال روزانه، چرخندگی تراز 700 هکتوپاسکال، نقشه های همگرایی و واگرایی جریان رطوبت، نقشه طول موج بلند بازتابشی سطح زمین، نقشه فرارفت قائم جو و نقشه های امگا نمایش داده شد. بررسی نقشه های تهیه شده بیانگر آن است عامل اصلی وقوع بارش شمال غرب ایران در 26 فروردین، ورود سامانه های بارشی از اروپای شرقی و همراهی توده هواهای غربی با این سامانه بوده است و اثر همرفت محلی در صبح به خاطر بالابودن میزان طول موج بلند خروجی زمین بسیار ناچیز اما دربعدازظهر به دلیل پایین بودن میزان آن همرفت محلی شدت یافته است و بیشترین بارش در روز مطالعه اتفاق افتاده است. پرونده مقاله

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27 - پیدایش منطقه کلان شهری و بازتاب فضایی آن، مطالعه موردی شهر رشت
علیرضا پور شیخیان اصغر نظریان

شهر رشت در سال 1385 با 557366 نفر جمعیت و با دارا بودن نیمی از جمعیت شهر نشین استان گیلان، به عنوان مهمترین کلان شهر ناحیه‌ای در شمال ایران از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد. این شهر با عملکردهای متنوع و گسترده اقتصادی و اجتماعی از موقعیت ممتاز منطقه‌ای بهره‌مند بوده و چکیده کامل

شهر رشت در سال 1385 با 557366 نفر جمعیت و با دارا بودن نیمی از جمعیت شهر نشین استان گیلان، به عنوان مهمترین کلان شهر ناحیه‌ای در شمال ایران از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد. این شهر با عملکردهای متنوع و گسترده اقتصادی و اجتماعی از موقعیت ممتاز منطقه‌ای بهره‌مند بوده و علاوه بر تسلط همه جانبه در منطقه شهری خود بر شهرهای اقماری مانند، خمام، کوچصفهان، لشت‌نشاء، سنگر و خشکبیجار، نفوذ خدماتی مؤثری نیز بر کانون‌های شهری و روستایی سراسر ناحیه دارد. شهر رشت با توسعه فضایی و کالبدی خود از یک طرف، به سرعت جمعیت و فعالیت‌های اقتصادیش را به نواحی حاشیه‌ای سوق می‌دهد و از طرف دیگر با جذب امکانات شهرهای اقماری، تغییرات شگرفی را در کالبد شهری خود ایجاد کرده و بازتاب‌های متنوعی را از نظر تراکم و تمرکز جمعیت، رشد و گسترش شتابان و ناموزون شهری، ادغام روستاهای پیرامون و روند اشغال اراضی کشاورزی ایجاد کرده است. این شهر به جای توزیع بهینه سرمایه و امکانات در سطح شهرهای پیرامونی، گرایش روز افزونی به تمرکز گرایی دارد. وابستگی شهرهای اقماری به شهر رشت سبب فقدان تنوع اقتصادی و اجتماعی در آنها شده و این شهرها را از انسجام و پویایی درونی محروم ساخته و با وجود دارا بودن جمعیت و خدمات شهری به مراکز خوابگاهی گروههای کم درآمد تبدیل کرده است. عدم پویایی شهرهای پیرامونی بیش از آنکه متاثر از عدم دانش فنی و یا کمبود سرمایه باشد، بیشتر مربوط به روابط متقابل و نا برابر شهر رشت با شهرهای پیرامون استوار است و همیشه این رابطه به نفع مادر شهر و به زیان شهرهای اقماری می باشد. پرونده مقاله

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28 - تاثیر شکل ذرات محیط متخلخل بر انتشارپذیری طولی: انتقال آلایندهها
قاسم میرزائی

شکل ذرات محیط متخلخل تاثیر بسزایی بر روی جریان و مخصوصاً انتشارپذیری طولی آن دارد. در تحقیق حاضر، طی آزمایشهایی بر روی سه ستون خاک حاویذرات شکسته و تیزگوش ، ماسه بستر رودخانه و ذرات کروی، تاثیر شکل ذرات محیط متخلخل بر روی انتشارپذیری طولی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با تزریق چکیده کامل

شکل ذرات محیط متخلخل تاثیر بسزایی بر روی جریان و مخصوصاً انتشارپذیری طولی آن دارد. در تحقیق حاضر، طی آزمایشهایی بر روی سه ستون خاک حاویذرات شکسته و تیزگوش ، ماسه بستر رودخانه و ذرات کروی، تاثیر شکل ذرات محیط متخلخل بر روی انتشارپذیری طولی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با تزریق جریان وآلاینده ) NaCl ( در پنج سطح سرعت، منحنی رخنه در پنج نقطه در طول جریان به روش سلف پتانسیل استخراج و ضمن شبیهسازی نتایج با نرم افزار FEFLOW ، و باحل تحلیلی معکوس با نرمافزار CXTFIT2 ، انتشارپذیری طولی تعیین گردید. نتایج آزمایشها نشان داد به ازای سرعت ثابت، محیط با ذرات کروی دارای انتشارپذیریطولی بیشتر از دو محیط دیگر و در خاکدانه ماسهای بیشتر از ذرات شکسته است که این امر میتواند به دلیل افزایش سطح تماس و همچنین پیچ و خم مسیر با خارجشدن ذرات از شکل کروی اتفاق افتد. با افزایش سرعت، انتشارپذیری طولی در هر سه محیط کاهش مییابد همچنین هر چه خاکدانهها به شکل کروی نزدیکتر باشندتاثیر عامل مقیاس بیشتر و با افزایش سرعت، کاهش انتشارپذیری طولی در این خاکدانهها کمتر خواهد بود. پرونده مقاله

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29 - تأثیر رطوبت خاک بر دقت روش طیف‌سنجی در برآورد مقدار ماده آلی خاک
علی اکبر نوروزی زهرا رزقی مهدی همایی

ماده آلی خاک به دلیل تاثیر بر روی خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک به عنوان شاخصی از کیفیت خاک و حاصلخیزی آن محسوب می‌گردد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر رطوبت بر رفتار طیفی خاک به‌منظور برآورد مقدار ماده آلی با استفاده از روش طیفی‌سنجی مرئی- مادون‌قرمز نزدیک بود. ه چکیده کامل

ماده آلی خاک به دلیل تاثیر بر روی خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک به عنوان شاخصی از کیفیت خاک و حاصلخیزی آن محسوب می‌گردد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر رطوبت بر رفتار طیفی خاک به‌منظور برآورد مقدار ماده آلی با استفاده از روش طیفی‌سنجی مرئی- مادون‌قرمز نزدیک بود. همچنین عملکرد روش‌های مختلف پیش‌پردازش در مدل‌سازی مقایسه شد. به همین منظور تعداد 50 نمونه خاک از لایه سطحی (0 تا 30 سانتی‌متر) به‌صورت تصادفی از برخی از شهرستان‌های استان تهران جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه‌ها هوا خشک شده و از الک 2 میلی‌متری عبور داده شدند. مقدار ماده آلی و بافت خاک در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شد. برای اندازه‌گیری بازتاب طیفی، نمونه‌های خاک در آون خشک (105 درجه، به مدت 24 ساعت) و با سطوح 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد وزنی (گرم آب/ گرم خاک) رطوبت‌دهی شدند. سپس بازتاب طیفی نمونه خاک‌های موردمطالعه با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکترورادیومتر زمینی در دامنه طول‌موج مرئی- مادون‌قرمز نزدیک (2500-350 نانومتر) در تاریکخانه اندازه‌گیری شد.نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی متقابل نشان داد که روش پیش‌پردازش SNV عملکردی بهتر در پیش-بینی کربن آلی خاک دارد. بهترین نتیجه در رطوبت آون خشک برای گروه اعتبارسنجی با مقدار R2 و RMSE به ترتیب 83/0 و 422/0 حاصل شد. همچنین R2 و RMSE به ترتیب 75/0 و 543/0 در رطوبت 5 درصد؛ 70/0، 553/0 در رطوبت 10 درصد؛ 60/0، 558/0 در رطوبت 15 درصد به دست آمد. پرونده مقاله

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30 - کاربرد مدل هیبریدی شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی و الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب برای پیش‌بینی مقدار جامدات محلول در آب رودخانه
فرحناز سبزواری بهروز یعقوبی سعید شعبانلو

10.30495/wsrcj.2023.71849.11356

زمینه و هدف: برآورد و پیش بینی پارامتر های کیفی در کنار پارامتر های کمی آب در طول رودخانه یکـی از مولفـه‌ های ی است که در تصمیم‌گیری‌ های مدیریتی صحیح بایستی به‌دقـت شـبیه‌سـازی شـده و تخمین زده شود. اکثر مـدل های مربوط به برآورد پارامتر های کیفی نیازمند پارامتر های ور چکیده کامل

زمینه و هدف: برآورد و پیش بینی پارامتر های کیفی در کنار پارامتر های کمی آب در طول رودخانه یکـی از مولفـه‌ های ی است که در تصمیم‌گیری‌ های مدیریتی صحیح بایستی به‌دقـت شـبیه‌سـازی شـده و تخمین زده شود. اکثر مـدل های مربوط به برآورد پارامتر های کیفی نیازمند پارامتر های ورودی بسیار زیادی هستند که یـا دسترسـی بـه آن ها مشکل است و یا تعیین آن ها نیازمند صرف هزینه و زمان زیادی است. بنابراین استفاده از مدل‌ های داده‌محور در این زمینه برای صرفه‌جویی در زمان و هزینه گسترش یافت ها ست.روش پژوهش: در این مقاله کاربرد شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی و ترکیب آن با الگوریتم کرم شب تاب جهت پیش بینی مقدار جامدات محلول در آب (TDS) در رودخانه گاوه رود واقع در ایران کرمانشاه مورد آموزش و صحت سنجی قرار می گیرد. برای این منظور از داده های کیفیت آب ایستگاه هیدرو متری در بالادست سد مخزنی گاوشان برای بازه آماری (1389-1370) استفاده گردید. براساس ورودی های مختلف، شبکه عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) و ترکیب آن با الگوریتم کرم شب تاب مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. بهترین الگوی ورودی ها ، تعداد لایه پن ها ن و تعداد نرون های هر لایه در شبکه عصبی مصنوعی مشخص گردید. داده های ورودی به مدل‌ ها شامل دبی (Q)، سدیم(Na)، منیزیم (Mg)، کلسیم (Ca)، سولفات (So4)، کلرید (Cl)، بی کربنات (Ho3)، هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و جامدات محلول رودخانه در بازه زمانی قبل (TDSt-1) و داده های خروجی جامدات محلول آب (TDS) می باشد. تعداد لایه‌ های پن ها ن برابر یک و تعداد نرون‌ های لایه پن ها ن برابر نه بدست آمد، همچنین تابع شبکه عصبی در این مطالعه نوع آبشاری در نظر گرفته شد و نتایج با روش ترکیب شبکه‌ های عصبی مصنوعی با الگوریتم کرم شب تاب مقایسه گردید.یافته‌ ها : باتوجه به این خروجی های مدل با داده های مشاهده شده با استفاده از معیار های برآورد خطا مقایسه شد؛ در این راستا مقادیرشاخص های ارزیابی خطا مورد استفاده شاخص مربعات خطا به انحراف معیار استاندارد مشاهداتی (RSR)، رابطه ناش ساتکلیف (NSC)، ضریب همبستگی (R) و ریشه میانگین مربعات خط (MSE) برای شبکه عصبی مصنوعی به ترتیب 154/0، 976/0، 989/0 و 27/25 و در حالت ترکیب شبکه عصبی با الگوریتم کرم شب تاب نیز به ترتیب 129/0، 983/0، 992/0 و 8/17 بدست آمد.نتایج: لذا عملکرد روش هیبریدی شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی با استفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب تاب در پیش بینی TDS مناسب‌تر از تکنیک شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی است. پرونده مقاله

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31 - بهینه‌سازی بهره‎برداری از مخزن برای تأمین آب کشاورزی با استفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب
سید محمد حسینی موغاری محمد ابراهیم بنی‌حبیب

بیشترین مقدار آب کشور در بخش کشاورزی مصرف می‌شود. بنابراین استفاده بهینه از آب در این بخش، به میزان قابل توجهی در حفاظت منابع آب و استفاده حداکثری از آب موجود موثر است. در بسیاری از مناطق، سدهای ذخیره‌ای وظیفه تأمین آب کشاورزی پایین دست خود را بر عهده دارند. بهره‌برداری چکیده کامل

بیشترین مقدار آب کشور در بخش کشاورزی مصرف می‌شود. بنابراین استفاده بهینه از آب در این بخش، به میزان قابل توجهی در حفاظت منابع آب و استفاده حداکثری از آب موجود موثر است. در بسیاری از مناطق، سدهای ذخیره‌ای وظیفه تأمین آب کشاورزی پایین دست خود را بر عهده دارند. بهره‌برداری بهینه از مخازن یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های مدیریت منابع آب سطحی بوده و روش‌های بهینه‌سازی گوناگونی در این زمینه استفاده شده‌اند، که پرکاربردترین آنها روش‌های فراکاوشی می‌باشند. در این پژوهش الگوریتم کرم شب‌ تاب (FA) به عنوان روشی نوین برای تعیین سیاست‌های بهینه بهره‌برداری از مخزن بازفت، به‌کار گرفته شده است. مدل‌سازی بهره‌برداری از مخزن سد بازفت برای یک بازه 120 ماهه مربوط به سال‌های آبی 66-65 تا 75-74 صورت گرفت. تابع هدف در نظر گرفته شده به صورت کمّینه‌کردن مجموع مجذور نسبتِ تفاضلِ مقدار نیاز و مقدار رهاسازی شده از مخزن، به بیشینه نیاز طی دوره بهره‌برداری تعریف گردید. عملکرد الگوریتم FA با الگوریتم ژنتیک (GA)و بهینه‌سازی مجموعه ذرات (PSO) که روش‌های بهینه‌سازی متداول و شاخصی می‌باشند، مقایسه و ارزیابی شد. نتایج حاکی از عملکرد بهتر FA نسبت به دو روش دیگر بود، به گونه‌ای که مقدار متوسط تابع هدف حاصل از FA برابر 408/0 و متوسط تابع هدف برای GA و PSO به ترتیب برابر 618/0 و 913/0 به دست آمد. افزون بر مقدار مناسب تابع هدف، FA مقدار کمبودهای کمتر و خفیف‌تری نسبت به GA و PSO ایجاده کرده است. پرونده مقاله

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32 - اشتقاق و اعتبارسنجی توابع انتقالی طیفی پارامتریک به‌منظور برآورد ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک در گستره VIS-NIR-SWIR
ابراهیم بابائیان مهدی همایی علی اکبر نوروزی

ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک اهمیت زیادی در چرخۀ آبی طبیعت دارند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، امکان‌سنجی استفاده از اطلاعات طیفی خاک در گستره مرئی، مادون قرمز نزدیک و میانی (2500-350 نانومتر) به‌منظور برآورد پارامتریک ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک بود. بدین منظور، بازتاب ابرطیفی نمونه چکیده کامل

ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک اهمیت زیادی در چرخۀ آبی طبیعت دارند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، امکان‌سنجی استفاده از اطلاعات طیفی خاک در گستره مرئی، مادون قرمز نزدیک و میانی (2500-350 نانومتر) به‌منظور برآورد پارامتریک ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک بود. بدین منظور، بازتاب ابرطیفی نمونه‌های خاک با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکترورادیومتر و به کمک روش‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شد. پس از انجام پیش‌پردازش‌های طیفی، همبستگی بین مقادیر بازتاب در هر یک از طول موج‌های منحنی‌های حذف پیوستار طیفی با پارامترهای هیدرولیکی مدل معلم- ون‌گنوختن ( ، n و Ks*) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس با استفاده از روش رگرسیون مرحله‌ای چندگانه، روابط ریاضی مربوطه پی‌ریزی و تحت عنوان توابع انتقالی طیفی پارامتریک (PSTFs) نامگذاری شدند. بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین ضریب همبستگی بین متغیرها در طول موج‌های نزدیک به 550 و 2300 نانومتر (برای پارامترهای و n ) و 1927 نانومتر (برای پارامتر Ks*) به‌دست آمد. توابع انتقالی طیفی دقت تقریباً یکسانی در برآورد پارامترهای (54/0=R) و n(58/0=R) نشان دادند. در حالی‌که این توابع، بهترین تخمین‌ها را برای پارامتر Ks*با ضریب همبستگی (R) برابر با 76/0 نشان دادند. با استفاده از توابع انتقالی طیفی، مقدار رطوبت خاک به ازای تمامی پتانسیل‌های ماتریک با متوسط RMSE برابر cm3 cm-3 017/0 برآورد شد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، اگرچه پارامترهای هیدرولیکی تخمینی با دقت بسیار بالایی همراه نبودند، لیکن این رویکرد ضمن آن‌که می‌تواند به عنوان کاربرد نوینی از طیف‌سنجی خاک مطرح شود، می‌تواند به عنوان روشی غیرمستقیم برای برآورد پارامتریک ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک نیز معرفی شود. پرونده مقاله

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33 - ارزیابی توابع انتقالی طیفی و توابع انتقالی خاک در پیش‌بینی نگهداشت آب در خاک
ابراهیم بابائیان مهدی همایی علی اکبر نوروزی

ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک اثری مهم بر جریان آب، انتقال املاح و گازها در محیط خاک داشته و اهمیتی بسیاردرمطالعات هیدرولوژیک دارند. اگرچه اخیراً اطلاعات طیفی خاک در گستره مرئی، مادون قرمز نزدیک و میانی به عنوان روشی کم هزینه، سریع و غیرمخرب در تخمین ویژگی‌های مبنایی خاک مورد چکیده کامل

ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک اثری مهم بر جریان آب، انتقال املاح و گازها در محیط خاک داشته و اهمیتی بسیاردرمطالعات هیدرولوژیک دارند. اگرچه اخیراً اطلاعات طیفی خاک در گستره مرئی، مادون قرمز نزدیک و میانی به عنوان روشی کم هزینه، سریع و غیرمخرب در تخمین ویژگی‌های مبنایی خاک مورد استفاده قرار گرفته، لیکن مطالعات بسیار اندکی در مورد برآورد ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک به کمک داده‌های طیفی خاک صورت گرفته است. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی عملکرد داده‌های طیفی خاک در مقایسه با ویژگی‌های مبنایی خاک به عنوان متغیرهای ورودی توابع انتقالی در مطالعه وضعیت نگهداشت آب در خاک بود. بدین منظور، تعداد 174 نمونه خاک جمع‌آوری و منحنی‌های بازتاب طیفی آنها در گستره 2500-350 نانومتر با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکترورادیومتر زمینی اندازه‌گیری شد. برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک به همراه مقادیر رطوبت در پتانسیل های ماتریک 330-، 1000-، 3000-، 5000-، 10000- و 15000- سانتی‌متر به روش صفحات فشاری اندازه‌گیری شد. چهار سناریو شامل توابع انتقالی طیفی (STFs)، توابع انتقالی خاک (PTFs)، توابع انتقالی مرکب (SPTFs) و توابع انتقالیRosetta مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. بر پایه نتایج به‌دست آمده، همبستگی بالا و معنی‌داری در سطح 1 درصد بین ویژگی‌های مبنایی و هیدرولیکی خاک با مقادیر بازتاب طیفی به‌ویژه در گستره مادون قرمز میانی مشاهده شد. STFsدر مقایسه با دیگر توابع انتقالی، دقت بیشتری (011/0=RMSR سانتی‌متر مکعب بر سانتی‌متر مکعب، 60/0<R2) در برآورد رطوبت خاک در همه مکش‌ها به ویژه در بخش میانی و انتهای خشک منحنی رطوبتی داشت. از طرفی، SPTFs و PTFs دقت تقریباً یکسانی داشتند، با این تفاوت که در انتهای مرطوب منحنی رطوبتی (330- و 1000- سانتی‌متر)، PTFs برآورد‌های نسبتاً بهتری ارایه کردند. تخمین‌های Rosetta در مقایسه با سه تابع انتقالی دیگر، دقتی کمتر در همه مکش‌ها به ویژه در انتهای مرطوب منحنی رطوبتی داشتند. به طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد داده‌های طیفی خاک می‌توانند به عنوان روشی غیرمستقیم در مطالعه وضعیت نگهداشت آب در خاک مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. پرونده مقاله

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34 - اشتقاق و اعتبارسنجی توابع انتقالی طیفی نقطه¬ای در گستره VIS-NIR-SWIR به‌منظور تخمین نگهداشت آب در خاک
ابراهیم بابائیان مهدی همایی علی اکبر نوروزی

توابع پارامتریک نگهداشت آب در خاک از پارامترهای مهم برای مدل های حفاظت آب و خاک می باشند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، امکان سنجی استفاده از اطلاعات طیفی خاک به منظور اشتقاق توابع انتقالی طیفی برای برآورد مقدار نگهداشت آب در خاک بود. از این رو، بازتاب ابرطیفی خاک در گستره م چکیده کامل

توابع پارامتریک نگهداشت آب در خاک از پارامترهای مهم برای مدل های حفاظت آب و خاک می باشند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، امکان سنجی استفاده از اطلاعات طیفی خاک به منظور اشتقاق توابع انتقالی طیفی برای برآورد مقدار نگهداشت آب در خاک بود. از این رو، بازتاب ابرطیفی خاک در گستره مرئی، مادون قرمز نزدیک و میانی (2500-350 نانومتر) با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکترورادیومتر اندازه گیری و پس از انجام (پیش)پردازش های لازم، همبستگی بین باندها با مقدار رطوبت خاک به ازای پتانسیل های ماتریک 15000-، 10000-، 5000-، 3000- و 330- سانتی متر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس توابع انتقالی به روش های رگرسیون حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLSR) و PLSR توأم با نمونه برداری مجدد (Bagging-PLSR) پی ریزی و تحت عنوان توابع انتقالی طیفی نقطه ای (PSTFs) نامگذاری شدند. نتایج نشان داد توابع انتقالی طیفی توانایی قابل قبولی برای برآورد مقدار نگهداشت آب در خاک دارند. توابع انتقالی طیفی حاصل از روش PLSR دارای دقت نسبتاً بیشتری (cm3 cm-3 022/0-012/0RMSE=) در مقایسه با توابع بدست آمده از روش Bagging-PLSR (cm3 cm-3 029/0-012/0RMSE=) برای برآورد مقدار رطوبت حجمی خاک در هر یک از پتانسیل های ماتریک خاک بودند. از طرفی، در هر دو روش مقدار رطوبت خاک در پتانسیل های ماتریک 15000- ، 10000- و 5000- با دقت بیشتری نسبت به مقدار رطوبت در پتانسیل های ماتریک 3000-، 1000- و 330- سانتیمتر برآورد شد. بنابراین می توان نتیجه گرفت که توابع انتقالی طیفی می توانند به عنوان یکی از روش های غیر مستقیم برای مطالعه وضعیت نگهداشت آب در خاک به ویژه در مکش های بالاتر مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. پرونده مقاله

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35 - بررسی تاثیر به‌کارگیری همی سلولاز در روش استخراج رفلاکس حرارتی و اولتراسوند بر راندمان استخراج گلیسیریزیک اسید از ریشه شیرین‌بیان
الهام گیاهی جواد کرامت مهشید جهادی

مقدمه: اخیرا روش های استخراج به کمک آنزیم برای استخراج مواد زیست فعال گیاهی گزارش شده است. در این پژوهش هدف بررسی تاثیر آنزیم همی سلولاز بر راندمان عصاره استخراجی و استخراج گلیسیریزیک اسید از ریشه شیرین بیان توسط دو روش استخراج رفلاکس حرارتی و اولتراسوند می باشد. مواد چکیده کامل

مقدمه: اخیرا روش های استخراج به کمک آنزیم برای استخراج مواد زیست فعال گیاهی گزارش شده است. در این پژوهش هدف بررسی تاثیر آنزیم همی سلولاز بر راندمان عصاره استخراجی و استخراج گلیسیریزیک اسید از ریشه شیرین بیان توسط دو روش استخراج رفلاکس حرارتی و اولتراسوند می باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: پس از آماده سازی ریشه شیرین بیان مرحله پیش تیمار آنزیمی، توسط آنزیم همی سلولاز در غلظت های مختلف (2/0، 1، 2، 3 درصد) به مدت 1 ساعت درون حمام آب در دمای 45 درجه سانتی گراد، صورت گرفت. عصاره به دو روش رفلاکس حرارتی و استخراج به کمک امواج اولتراسوند (20 دقیقه در دمای 35 درجه سانتی‌گراد با فرکانس 40 کیلوهرتز) استخراج و سپس سانتریفیوژ، تغلیظ و در آون خشک گردید. بازدهی استخراج عصاره محاسبه و میزان گلیسیریزیک اسید به روش HPLC اندازه گیری شد. یافته‌ها: با افزایش غلظت آنزیم همی سلولاز بازدهی استخراج عصاره به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت، به طوریکه استخراج عصاره از ریشه گیاه شیرین بیان پیش تیمار آنزیمی شده با آنزیم همی سلولاز در هر دو روش استخراج، در غلظت 3 درصد موجب دستیابی به بیشترین بازدهی استخراج شد (05/0p<). میان نمونه های شاهد و نمونه های پیش تیمار آنزیمی شده با آنزیم همی سلولاز در غلظت 3 درصد در روش استخراج به شیوه رفلاکس و استفاده از اولتراسونیک اختلاف آماری معنی داری وجود داشت (05/0p<). بیشترین میزان گلیسیریزیک اسید استخراج شده از100 گرم ریشه شیرین بیان پیش تیمار شده با آنزیم همی سلولاز، توسط غلظت 2/0 درصد آنزیم به روش استخراج رفلاکس به دست آمد که با نمونه شاهد اختلاف معنی دار داشت و با افزایش غلظت آنزیم (به 2 و 3 درصد) میزان گلیسیریزیک اسید استخراج شده از100 گرم ریشه شیرین بیان نسبت به نمونه های شاهد تا حدودی کاهش یافت. نتیجه‌گیری: پیش تیمار آنزیمی ریشه گیاه شیرین بیان توسط آنزیم همی سلولاز در روش های استخراج رفلاکس حرارتی و استخراج به کمک اولتراسونیک، برای افزایش راندمان استخراج عصاره و گلیسیریزیک اسید از ریشه گیاه شیرین بیان روشی موثر می باشد و آنزیم ها با توانایی تخریب دیواره سلولی بافت گیاهی، موجب تسهیل آزادسازی مواد داخل سلولی می گردند. پرونده مقاله

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36 - پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین‌لغزش در شهرستان مریوان (مطالعه موردی: روستای تفلی)
شهرام بیک پور نوشین خاوریان مقدم

10.22034/jest.2020.38818.4419

زمینه و هدف : منطقه مورد مطالعه در شهرستان مریوان در استان کردستان واقع شده است و بر اساس تقسیم بندی زمین ساخت ایران در محدوده زاگرس چین خورده قرار می گیرد.این مطالعه با هدف پهنه بندی خطر نسبی ناپایداری دامنه ای و وقوع زمین لغزش در روستای تفلی صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی چکیده کامل

زمینه و هدف : منطقه مورد مطالعه در شهرستان مریوان در استان کردستان واقع شده است و بر اساس تقسیم بندی زمین ساخت ایران در محدوده زاگرس چین خورده قرار می گیرد.این مطالعه با هدف پهنه بندی خطر نسبی ناپایداری دامنه ای و وقوع زمین لغزش در روستای تفلی صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: ابتدا با بررسی های صورت گرفته9 عامل موًثربر لغز شهای منطقه شناسایی شدند و سپس به منظور اولویت بندی این عوامل وهمچنین پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغز شهای منطقه از روش منطق فازی استفاده شده است. دراین تحقیق پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین‌لغزش در محدوده اطراف روستای تفلی بر مبنای 9 عامل موثر در پهنه‌بندی شامل شیب، لیتولوژی، جهت شیب، کاربری ارضی، طبقات ارتفاعی، بارندگی، فاصله از شبکه آبراهه‌ها، گسل و خطوط ارتباطی انجام یافته است. یافته ها : بر اساس نتایج به ترتیب 14/63، 48/10، 52/11،60/9 و24/5 %از مساحت منطقه در کلاس‌های خطر خیلی کم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی زیاد قرار گرفته است وعوامل جاده وگسل بیشترین تاًثیر را بر لغز شهای منطقه دارند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به موقعیت جغرافیایی محدوده مورد مطالعه، نوع سازندهای زمین‌شناسی و وضعیت توپوگرافی، این منطقه پتانسیل لغزشی بالایی دارد و از نظر لغزشی ناپایدار است. بنابراین به منظور ایمن سازی این مناطق می توان از روش های پایدار سازی شیب در دامنه های ناپایدار استفاده کرد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

37 - تأثیر استفاده از یک مانع ایرفویل شکل بر افزایش کارایی یک توربین بادی محور عمودی ساونیوس
کیهان لایقمند نیما غیاثی طبری مهران زرکش

10.30495/jest.2022.55788.5179

زمینه و هدف: افزایش روز افزون جمعیت نیاز به توسعه پایدار انرژی را روز به روز بیشتر می کند. همچنین افزایش سطح گازهای گلخانه ای و کاهش سطح ذخایر انرژی فسیلی، مراکز تحقیقاتی دنیا را به سمت انرژی های تجدیدپذیر معطوف کرده است. در میان انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، انرژی باد یکی از مط چکیده کامل

زمینه و هدف: افزایش روز افزون جمعیت نیاز به توسعه پایدار انرژی را روز به روز بیشتر می کند. همچنین افزایش سطح گازهای گلخانه ای و کاهش سطح ذخایر انرژی فسیلی، مراکز تحقیقاتی دنیا را به سمت انرژی های تجدیدپذیر معطوف کرده است. در میان انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، انرژی باد یکی از مطرح ترین گونه های انرژی های تجدیدپذیر می باشد. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مانع ایرفویل شکل راندمان توربین بادی ساونیوس به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته است. این افزایش راندمان به صورت ارتقای قابلیت شروع بکار خودکار توربین بادی ساونیوس و کاهش گشتاور منفی ایجاد شده توسط پره برگشتی انجام شده است. روش بررسی :پیکربندی های مختلف سیستم منحرف کننده (مانع) پیشنهاد شده با استفاده از تکنیک دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (CFD) به صورت عددی بررسی شده است. شبیه سازی سه بعدی ناپایا معادلات ناویر-استوکس متوسط گیری شده رینولدز (URANS) همراه با مدل توربولانسی SST k-ω انجام شده و با داده های تجربی موجود اعتبارسنجی گردیده است. یافته ها: نتایج پیش بینی شده نشان می دهد که عملکرد روتور ساونیوس بسیار به موقعیت و زاویه مانع بستگی دارد. بنابراین، مقادیر موقعیت و زاویه مناسب برای به دست آوردن بالاترین ضرایب گشتاور و توان وجود داشته است. استفاده از مانع مطلوب ایرفویل شکل، به طور قابل توجهی مقادیر ضریب گشتاور ایستاتیکی را در تمام محدوده زاویه ای خصوصاً در زاویه چرخش بین 0 تا 30 درجه و 150 درجه تا 180 درجه افزایش می دهد. با پوشش صحیح پره برگشتی با استفاده از مانع ایرفویل شکل، مقادیر ضریب گشتاور استاتیکی تا 2 برابر بیشتر از مقدار تولید شده در حالت بدون مانع افزایش می یابد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: توربین ساونیوس از راندمان پایینی برخوردار است. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر با ارائه یک سیستم بهبود دهنده منحرف کننده (مانع) منجر به تولید توان و ضرایب گشتاور بالاتر می شود که در نهایت باعث ایجاد راندمان بالاتر و قابلیت شروع به کار خودکار بهتر می شود. پرونده مقاله

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38 - Fuzzy number-valued fuzzy ‎relation
M. Adabitabar &lrm;Firozja&lrm; S. &lrm;Firouzian&lrm;

It is well known fact that binary relations are generalized mathematical functions. Contrary to functions from domain to range, binary relations may assign to each element of domain two or more elements of range. Some basic operations on functions such as the inverse an چکیده کامل

It is well known fact that binary relations are generalized mathematical functions. Contrary to functions from domain to range, binary relations may assign to each element of domain two or more elements of range. Some basic operations on functions such as the inverse and composition are applicable to binary relations as well. Depending on the domain or range or both are fuzzy value fuzzy set, interval fuzzy value fuzzy set or fuzzy number value fuzzy set, define of the fuzzy relation is different. Given a fuzzy relation, its domain and range are fuzzy number value fuzzy sets. In this paper, initially we define fuzzy number value fuzzy sets and then propose fuzzy number-valued fuzzy relation (FN-VFR). We also introduce property of reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relation of FN-VFR. As follow, we prove some theorems for FN-VFR with property of reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Also, we show examples for FN-&lrm;VFR.&lrm; پرونده مقاله

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39 - کردار نیک و گفتار نیک از نظرگاه اسلام و زرتشت
سوسن آل رسول فاطمه شیرزاد راد جلالی

عقاید حقه‌ای که خدای تعالی آن‌ها را از ما مطالبه کرده و شرط رسیدن به مطلوب و سعادت بشر دانسته است، شامل تمام اعتقاداتی است که در نظام فکری اسلام مطرح است. این عقاید که در حقیقت چیزی جز کلمۀ طیبۀ توحید و عمل و استقامت بر آن نیست، شالودۀ اصلی ادیان و مذاهب توحیدی جهان را چکیده کامل

عقاید حقه‌ای که خدای تعالی آن‌ها را از ما مطالبه کرده و شرط رسیدن به مطلوب و سعادت بشر دانسته است، شامل تمام اعتقاداتی است که در نظام فکری اسلام مطرح است. این عقاید که در حقیقت چیزی جز کلمۀ طیبۀ توحید و عمل و استقامت بر آن نیست، شالودۀ اصلی ادیان و مذاهب توحیدی جهان را تشکیل می‌دهد. قرآن کریم با ذکر هر دو مفهوم ایمان و عمل صالح در کنار هم، برتلازم آن‌ها نسبت به یکدیگر تأکید می‌کند و اعمال انسان را تبلوری از عقاید و افکار او می‌داند. آئین زرتشت به عنوان یکی از ادیان توحیدی جهان، وجه اشتراک زیادی با سایر ادیان توحیدی و بخصوص اسلام دارد؛ از این رو توحید، همۀ حقانیت آن به شمار می‌رود. پیامبر ایران باستان، پایه و اساس هر گفتار و کردار نیک را پندار نیک می‌داند. پرونده مقاله

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40 - نگرشی نو بر روش اجتهادی فهم و تفسیر قرآن
پروین نبیان

چکیده در این مقاله دو مکتب مهم تفسیری روایی و اجتهادی و دلایل آنها نقد و بررسی شده و نهایتاً دربارة مکتب تفسیری که می&zwnj;تواند تبیین جدیدی از روش اجتهادی در نظر گرفته شود و مورد تأیید آیات و روایات نیز باشد، سخن گفته شده است که براساس آن معلوم می&zwnj;شود امر تفسیر چکیده کامل

چکیده در این مقاله دو مکتب مهم تفسیری روایی و اجتهادی و دلایل آنها نقد و بررسی شده و نهایتاً دربارة مکتب تفسیری که می&zwnj;تواند تبیین جدیدی از روش اجتهادی در نظر گرفته شود و مورد تأیید آیات و روایات نیز باشد، سخن گفته شده است که براساس آن معلوم می&zwnj;شود امر تفسیر و تبیین قرآن وظیفه&zwnj;ای الهی است که بر دوش مفسرین حقیقی قرآن (انسان کامل)، در درجه اول پیامبر اکرم و حضرات معصومین(ع) و در درجات بعدی علمای ربانی و فقهای واجد شرایط د زمان گذاشته شده هستند، که بدون اتصال به ایشان و استفاده از محضرشان و سؤال کردن و به محک زدن فهم خود نزد ایشان (و نه تنها استفاده از روایات شان)، منظور نظر حق&zwnj;تعالی در آیات قرآن کریم به نحو یقین آور شناخته نشود به طوری که در صورت عدم شناخت و استفاده از محضر این انسان های کامل، گاهی بین برداشت های مختلف از قرآن به دلیل بشری شدن فهم نمی&zwnj;توان رجحانی قایل شد و چه&zwnj;بسا در بسیاری از موارد موجبات سرگشتگی و گمراهی در فهم از آیات فراهم شود. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

41 - ارتقا سطح حرفه ای معلمان زبان با افزایش کفایت جمعی از طریق همکاری آنان در یک بستر غیرحضوری
آزاده ذاکری پرویز مفتون پرویز بیرجندی مسعود سیری

10.30495/dk.2022.1950705.2419

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر همکاری معلمان در یک بستر غیرحضوری طراحی شده برای کمک به ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آن ها از طریق افزایش کفایت جمعی بوده است. بدین منظور تحقیق کنونی تلاش دارد تا با در نظر گرفتن سهم خود در زمینه آموزش زبان، برای آماده سازی معلمان زبان در جهت ارتقا چکیده کامل

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر همکاری معلمان در یک بستر غیرحضوری طراحی شده برای کمک به ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آن ها از طریق افزایش کفایت جمعی بوده است. بدین منظور تحقیق کنونی تلاش دارد تا با در نظر گرفتن سهم خود در زمینه آموزش زبان، برای آماده سازی معلمان زبان در جهت ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آنان گام برداشته و بینش موثری ایجاد نماید. شرکت کنندگان تحت یک طرح شبه آزمایشی شامل سه مرحله پیش آزمون، مرحلۀ آموزشی و پس آزمون قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان داد که همکاری در شبکه های اجتماعی به طور قابل توجهی کفایت جمعی معلمان را افزایش می دهد که به نوبه خود به پیشرفت حرف ه ای آن ها کمک می کند. براساس نتایج، مشارکت در حلقه‌های بحث مشارکتی، حرفه‌ای و انتقادی نقش موثری بر مؤلفه کفایت جمعی در ارتقا سطح حرفه‌ای معلمان زبان دارد و جنسیت، سن و سطح تحصیلات معلمان به‌طور متفاوتی بر رشد حرفه‌ای آن ها تأثیر می گذارد. نتایج این مطالعه در چارچوب نظریه‌های اجتماعی- سازنده و فعالیت مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

42 - بازتاب وقایع مشروطه بر شعر ایرج میرزا
حمیدرضا جدیدی

در فایل اصل مقاله موجود است.

در فایل اصل مقاله موجود است. پرونده مقاله

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43 - نگاهی به مقاتل حسین بن علی )ع( و ترکیب بند محتشم کاشانی
فریدون کوره ای عباس ماهیار

در فایل اصل مقاله موجود است

در فایل اصل مقاله موجود است پرونده مقاله

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44 - دراسة المثلیة الجنسیة فی الروایة السعودیة علی ضوء نظریة الانعکاس فی علم الاجتماع؛ روایة "شارع العطایف" لابن بخیت نموذجا
رضا ناظمیان قاسم عزیزی مراد

الروایة السعودیّة تتعامل مع ثالوث (الجنس، السیاسة، الدین) من منطلقات استعراضیّة والتی یری أنّ السیاسة والدین هما من الدوافع الرئیسة لما یتعلق بالجنس إذ إنّ توظیف الجنس فی الروایة السعودیة لیس من أجل العمل الأدبی بل هو ظاهرة یوظفها الکاتب لأجل الجنس نفسه أو لنقل إقحام ال چکیده کامل

الروایة السعودیّة تتعامل مع ثالوث (الجنس، السیاسة، الدین) من منطلقات استعراضیّة والتی یری أنّ السیاسة والدین هما من الدوافع الرئیسة لما یتعلق بالجنس إذ إنّ توظیف الجنس فی الروایة السعودیة لیس من أجل العمل الأدبی بل هو ظاهرة یوظفها الکاتب لأجل الجنس نفسه أو لنقل إقحام الجنس بوصفه جسدا کمصطلح دالّ علی مفهوم محدّد وبوصفه یشکّل حضورا دالّا فی الروایة السعودیّة. فالجسد الجنسی لایمکن أن تتمّ مناقشته بمعزل عن السیاق الثقافی والاجتماعی ومن هذا المنطلق یری عبدالله بن بخیت فی الجسد الجنسی دلالات عدّة، منها التمرّد علی عباءة العرف الاجتماعی باعتباره رمزا للحجاب الفکری لذا نحن فی هذه الروایة لانری إلا مهاد السریر(الجنس) لذلک استحق أن تکون بؤرة تصبّ فیها کلّ شیء؛ بناء علی هذا فإنّه تمّ مناقشة هذه الروایة علی ضوء نظریّة الانعکاس وانتهی البحث إلی أنّ الراوی یرکّز علی المثلیّة الجنسیّة وکذلک العلاقات الجنسیّة غیر المشروعة لجمیع سکّان الحی حتی الأطفال الصغار لم یستثنوا من القاعدة وکأنّ الجنس هو المحرّک الرئیس لکلّ الناس فی هذا المجتمع المحافظ. فالکاتب الروائی وضع مبضعه فی شارع العطایف لیشرّح مظاهر التفسخ الاجتماعی إذ إنّ الشارع فضاء اجتماعی للصراعات التی تجری فی المجتمع السعودی وکذلک إنه رمز الفضاء الاجتماعی ومطّرح المعیش الیومی وکأنّ هذا الشارع بکل مجریاته یمثّل العمود الفقری للمجتمع وکأنّه أهمّ معرّض لشبکة العلاقات الاجتماعیّة. پرونده مقاله

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45 - مطالعه ارتباط کمی ساختار – فعالیت جهت پیش بینی فعالیت دارویی برخی از ترکیبات پیریدین در درمان سرطان پوست با استفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب تاب
مهدی نکوئی فاطمه شمس

مطالعه ارتباط کمی-ساختار فعالیت(QSAR) جهت پیش بینی فعالیت دارویی برخی از ترکیبات پیریدین و مشتقات آن در درمان سرطان پوست انجام شد. در ابتدا ساختار ترکیبات مورد نظر توسط نرم افزار هایپرکم رسم و بهینه گردید. سپس تعداد 1481 توصیف کننده توسط نرم افزار دراگون محاسبه شد. برای چکیده کامل

مطالعه ارتباط کمی-ساختار فعالیت(QSAR) جهت پیش بینی فعالیت دارویی برخی از ترکیبات پیریدین و مشتقات آن در درمان سرطان پوست انجام شد. در ابتدا ساختار ترکیبات مورد نظر توسط نرم افزار هایپرکم رسم و بهینه گردید. سپس تعداد 1481 توصیف کننده توسط نرم افزار دراگون محاسبه شد. برای انتخاب مناسب ترین توصیف کننده ها از روش رگرسیون مرحله ایی و الگوریتم کرم شب تاب استفاده شد. پس از انتخاب مناسبترین توصیف کننده‌ها توسط این دو روش، جهت مدلسازی و پیش بینی فعالیت دارویی ترکیبات مورد نظر از روش رگرسیون خطی چندگانه (MLR) استفاده شد. عملکرد هر مدل توسط سری تست مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا سری پیش بینی(RMSEP)، خطای نسبی پیش بینی (REP) و ضریب تعیین (R2) و خطای استاندارد پیش بینی (SEP) در روشهای SW-MLR و FF-MLR به ترتیب برابر6203/0، 7232/10، 8355/0، 6203/0، 7862/0، 526/10، 8591/0، 7862/0 می باشد. نتایج برتری نسبی روش انتخاب متغیر الگوریتم کرم شب تاب را نسبت به رگرسیون مرحله ایی جهت پیش بینی فعالیت دارویی ترکیبات ضد سرطان پوست نشان می دهد. پرونده مقاله

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46 - بازتاب نقش تمثیلی خورشید (آفتاب) در آیینه‌ی غزل نزاری قهستانی
محمد حاجی ابادی

حکیم نزاری قهستانی از شاعران شیرین زبان و نادره گفتار ادب فارسی در نیمه دوم قرن هفتم وآغاز قرن هشتم هجری قمری است. دیوان اشعارش، فرهنگ نامه‌ای از دین، حکمت، عرفان و آمیخته‌ای از فرهنگ عمیق ایران، یونان، هند و شریعت مقدس محمدی (ص) است. شعر حکیم ابزاری برای انعکاس دردهای چکیده کامل

حکیم نزاری قهستانی از شاعران شیرین زبان و نادره گفتار ادب فارسی در نیمه دوم قرن هفتم وآغاز قرن هشتم هجری قمری است. دیوان اشعارش، فرهنگ نامه‌ای از دین، حکمت، عرفان و آمیخته‌ای از فرهنگ عمیق ایران، یونان، هند و شریعت مقدس محمدی (ص) است. شعر حکیم ابزاری برای انعکاس دردهای مردم زحمت کش و ستم دیده بوده است و غزلش آب زلال چشمه عشق و جنون و شعله‌ی شوق و وجد و حال. نزاری مضامین و مفاهیم والای شعریش را به انواع علوم بلاغی و تصویرهای شاعرانه بدیع به ویژه تشبیه، استعاره و تمثیل آراسته و هنرمندیش را به خوبی در این زمینه آشکار ساخته است. شاعر برای بیان نمادین و تمثیلی اندیشه‌های خویش به خورشید و واژگان مترادف آن نظر داشته است که می‌توان اشارات نمادین و عرفانی آن را در شعرش مشاهده کرد. کاربرد تمثیلی خورشید در شعر نزاری ناشی از کهن الگوهای موجود در ناخودآگاهی جمعی اوست که ریشه در اساطیر و باورهای نوع انسان دارند. پژوهنده در پژوهش پیش رو بر آن است که به روش توصیفی – تحلیلی نقش تمثیلی خورشید (آفتاب) را در غزل حکیم نزاری مورد کنکاش قرار دهد تا به ژرفای شگفت انگیز اندیشه‌ی خاص این شاعر تصویرگر پی ببرد. پرونده مقاله

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47 - تأمّلی بر تعالیم اخلاقی شعر سنایی
خلیل حدیدی حمید ثنایی

سنایی شاعر بزرگ و پرمایة ادب پارسی از جمله شاعران برجسته ای است که آثارش از جهات کمیت و کیفیت در خور توجه و بررسی است. از میان آثار این سخنور کم نظیر، دیوان اشعار گران سنگ وی از ظرافت‌ها و لطایف خاص برخوردار است که از جهت ادبی و فکری و زبانی و تنوع مضامین مختلف جایگاه چکیده کامل

سنایی شاعر بزرگ و پرمایة ادب پارسی از جمله شاعران برجسته ای است که آثارش از جهات کمیت و کیفیت در خور توجه و بررسی است. از میان آثار این سخنور کم نظیر، دیوان اشعار گران سنگ وی از ظرافت‌ها و لطایف خاص برخوردار است که از جهت ادبی و فکری و زبانی و تنوع مضامین مختلف جایگاه ویژه و استواری دارد. ترویج آموزه‌های زهد و عرفان نیز از مهم‌ترین محورهای موضوعی در قصاید سنایی است. نکوهش دنیا، مرگ اندیشی، توصیه به گسستن از آرزوهای بی حد و حصر، ترویج قناعت پیشگی و مناعت طلبی، کوشش برای به جوشش در آوردن گوهر حقیقی آدمی، از مضامین رایج اشعار اوست. پرونده مقاله

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48 - Modal and Aeroelastic Analysis of A High-Aspect-Ratio Wing with Large Deflection Capability
R. Koohi H. Shahverdi H. Haddadpour

This paper describes a modified structural dynamics model for aeroelastic analysis of high-aspect-ratio wings undergoing large deformation behavior. To gain this aim, a moderate deflection beam model is modified with some important large deflection terms and then couple چکیده کامل

This paper describes a modified structural dynamics model for aeroelastic analysis of high-aspect-ratio wings undergoing large deformation behavior. To gain this aim, a moderate deflection beam model is modified with some important large deflection terms and then coupled with a state space unsteady aerodynamics model. Finite element method is used to discretize the equations of motion. A dynamic perturbation equation about a nonlinear static equilibrium is applied to determine the flutter boundary. The obtained results show good agreement in comparison with the other existing data such as high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) wing and Goland wing. It is found that the present aeroelastic tool have a good agreement in comparison with valid researches and also considering the effect of the geometric structural nonlinearity and higher order nonlinear terms on the flutter boundary determination is very significant. پرونده مقاله

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49 - FA-ABC: A Novel Combination of Firefly Optimization Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony for Mathematical Test Functions and Real-World Problems
Ali reza Shafiee sarvestany Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi

10.30486/admt.2022.1940026.1314

In this research study, an attempt is made to present a new optimization scheme by combination of the firefly algorithm and artificial bee colony (FA-ABC) to solve mathematical test functions and real-world problems as best as possible. In this regard, the main operator چکیده کامل

In this research study, an attempt is made to present a new optimization scheme by combination of the firefly algorithm and artificial bee colony (FA-ABC) to solve mathematical test functions and real-world problems as best as possible. In this regard, the main operators of the two meta-heuristic algorithms are employed and combined to utilize both advantages. The results are compared with those of five prominent well-known approaches on sixteen benchmark functions. Moreover, thermodynamic, economic and environmental modeling of a thermal power plant known as the CGAM problem is represented. The proposed FA-ABC algorithm is used to reduce the total cost and increase the efficiency of the system as shown in the Pareto front diagrams. پرونده مقاله

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50 - تأثیر بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری کارکنان شرکت پالایش گاز پارسیان: نقش میانجی‌گرانه خودتأملی
فاطمه امینی حسین زارع علی رضا آقا یوسفی سید اسماعیل هاشمی

10.30486/jsrp.2019.566588.1309

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجیگرانه خودتأملی انجام گرفت. مطالعه از نوع پژوهش‌های همبستگی با استفاده از مدل یابی علی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه کارکنان شرکت پالایش گاز پارسیان تشکیل دادند که از میان آنها چکیده کامل

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تأثیر بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری با در نظر گرفتن نقش میانجیگرانه خودتأملی انجام گرفت. مطالعه از نوع پژوهش‌های همبستگی با استفاده از مدل یابی علی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه کارکنان شرکت پالایش گاز پارسیان تشکیل دادند که از میان آنها 178 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه از میان واحدهای مختلف پالایشگاه از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب گردید. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل مقیاس بهوشیاری (ذهن آگاهی)، خودتأملی و بینش و سبک‌های تصمیم‌گیری بود. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق الگوی معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار AMOS21 انجام گرفت. شاخص‌های برازش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری الگوی پیشنهادی را تأیید کردند. نتایج نشان دادند که بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر خودتأملی (01/0 p <)، خودتأملی بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری (05/0 p <) و بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری تأثیر مستقیم معنادار (01/0 p <) دارد. همچنین بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری از طریق خودتأملی دارای تأثیر غیرمستقیم معنادار (01/0 p <) است. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان چنین نتیجه‌گیری نمود که بهوشیاری (ذهن‌آگاهی) هم به‌صورت مستقیم و هم از طریق خودتأملی، می‌تواند بر سبک تصمیم‌گیری کارآمد تأثیر بگذارد. پرونده مقاله

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51 - اثر آموزش تأمل بر کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان 3 تا 5 سال
قاسم محمدیاری ناصر بهروزی منیجه شهنی ییلاق غلامحسین مکتبی

10.30486/jsrp.2019.1865801.1789

هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین اثربخشی آموزش تأمل بر کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان 3 تا 5 سال بود. این پژوهش، از نوع آزمایشی و طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش، کلیۀ کودکان 3 تا 5 سال دارای کارکردهای اجرایی پایین در مهدکودک چکیده کامل

هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین اثربخشی آموزش تأمل بر کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان 3 تا 5 سال بود. این پژوهش، از نوع آزمایشی و طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش، کلیۀ کودکان 3 تا 5 سال دارای کارکردهای اجرایی پایین در مهدکودک های شهر اهواز در سال 1397 بود. در این پژوهش، حجم نمونه 30 کودک 3، 4 و 5 سال بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش عبارت بودند از پرسشنامۀ سنجش رفتاری کارکرد اجرایی – نسخۀ پیش‌دبستانی(Gioia, Espy & Isquith, 2003)، آزمون مرتب کردن کارت با ابعاد متغیر (Zelazo, 2006)، تکلیف کتاب تصویر (Atance & Meltzoff, 2005) و آزمون تفکر خلاق در عمل و حرکت تورنس (Torrance, 1981). تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره نشان داد که بین میانگین‌های پس‌آزمون دو گروه (آزمایشی و کنترل) در کارکردهای اجرایی، دوراندیشی رویدادی و خلاقیت کودکان تفاوت وجود دارد (383/10 F=، 001/0 <p) . تحلیل کوواریانس یک‌متغیره در متن مانکوا نشان داد که آموزش تأمل، اثر معنا داری بر کارکردهای اجرایی (109/11 F=، 01/0 <p)، دوراندیشی رویدادی (857/5 F=، 05/0 < p) و خلاقیت (529/12 F=، 01/0 <p) کودکان داشت و میانگین نمره های گروه آزمایشی در پس‌آزمون به طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای بالا بود. پرونده مقاله

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52 - The Effect of Systematic Implementation of Formative Assessment on Male and Female EFL Learners’ Academic Achievement
Amir Asadifard Akbar Afghari

10.30486/relp.2019.663423

Substantial claims have been made that Formative Assessment (FA), if practiced effectively, improves learning. This study aimed at exploring the effect of FA on EFL learners’ academic achievement. The population included high school teachers and their students in چکیده کامل

Substantial claims have been made that Formative Assessment (FA), if practiced effectively, improves learning. This study aimed at exploring the effect of FA on EFL learners’ academic achievement. The population included high school teachers and their students in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran. The sample included 40 teachers and their students (n=651) who were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of experimental and control. Teachers in the experimental group participated in a workshop on FA before the treatment. However, teachers in the control group followed the usual syllabus based on Iran’s educational system. The students’ academic achievement was measured in both groups by an achievement test before the treatment. Trained observers attended the classes in the experimental group and completed Formative Assessment Observation Report, which reports teachers’ practice of FA. After the treatment, posttests on students’ achievement in both groups were conducted. To analyze the data, ANCOVA was used. The results indicated that effective implementation of FA enhances students’ academic achievement. However, gender was not a determining factor. Moreover, among FA components, clarifying learning targets was the most and monitoring was the least frequent strategy used by teachers. پرونده مقاله

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53 - Appraising the Relationship between Teachers’ Effectiveness and Teachers’ Productivity among Iranian EFL High School Teachers: A Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory Design
Azadeh Ghorbanzadeh Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Behzad Ghonsooly Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei

10.30486/relp.2022.1963675.1393

Due to the primary role of teachers as practitioners of educational principles, considering teachers’ effectiveness and productivity are regarded as significant issues in the field of language teaching which has recently received experts’ attention in SLA re چکیده کامل

Due to the primary role of teachers as practitioners of educational principles, considering teachers’ effectiveness and productivity are regarded as significant issues in the field of language teaching which has recently received experts’ attention in SLA research. In response to this outlook in education, this interdisciplinary explanatory &lrm;sequential mixed-methods study aimed to address the relationship between EFL teachers’ effectiveness and productivity in the light of a famous model taken from the field of human resource management now applied to the EFL domain. On this premise, out of 100 English teachers, 80 female Iranian EFL high &lrm;school teachers, selected through convenience sampling from 34 public high schools in Mashhad, &lrm;Iran, participated in the study and responded to the Teachers’ Effectiveness Questionnaire (Kumar & Mutha, 1974), and Teachers’ Productivity Questionnaire (Hersey & Goldsmith, 1980). A semi-structured interview with 15 female EFL teachers was also undertaken to help triangulate the results. Results from the quantitative phase indicated that teachers’ perceptions of the teachers’ effectiveness were significantly correlated with their productivity. The qualitative findings added to the quantitative findings by explaining several main personal and organizational issues concerning EFL teachers’ perceptions of teachers’ effectiveness and productivity, for example, teachers’ interpersonal relationships, personal needs, motivational factors, subject knowledge, professional development, personal attributes, and administrators’ support. The findings of this investigation may have some implications for stakeholders, policymakers, administrators, and teacher educators to re-plan their professional development programs to meet the real needs of teachers in their particular educational context rather than providing teachers with theory-based programs. پرونده مقاله

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54 - EFL University Instructors’ Employment Status and Their Perception of Professional Commitment
Razieh Ganjali Hamid Ashraf Khalil Motallebzadeh

10.30486/relp.2019.1864689.1123

Instructors play an important role in educating the future members of society through their work in universities and quality education cannot be achieved without the supreme efforts of dedicated and committed university teachers. Hence, there is a call for more research چکیده کامل

Instructors play an important role in educating the future members of society through their work in universities and quality education cannot be achieved without the supreme efforts of dedicated and committed university teachers. Hence, there is a call for more research concerning the notion of teacher commitment, its dimensions and the factors that influence it. The current study first aimed to set priority among the dimensions of EFL instructors’ professional commitment through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and then investigate the effect of EFL instructors’ employment status as full time or part time on their professional commitment through two-tailed t-test. A previously validated EFL Teachers’ Professional Commitment Questionnaire was employed to collect data from 420 EFL male and female university instructors. The results exhibited a significant difference between these two variables in total. One of the important implications of this research is that EFL instructors inspire to evaluate their commitment regarding the priority of dimensions and their underlying components meticulously to find out what they should work on more to improve students’ achievements in the EFL learning context of Iran. پرونده مقاله

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55 - Effects of Journal Writing on EFL Teacher Trainees’ Reflective Practice
Amin Khanjani Fereidoon Vahdany Manoochehr Jafarigohar

10.30486/relp.2018.538761

Journal writing is believed to be a significant tool to promote reflection. Some studies have been carried out to test that, most of which have been solely concerned with the participants’ perceptions, leaving the actual application of reflective practice in EFL t چکیده کامل

Journal writing is believed to be a significant tool to promote reflection. Some studies have been carried out to test that, most of which have been solely concerned with the participants’ perceptions, leaving the actual application of reflective practice in EFL teaching practice untouched. Hence, to fill this gap in the literature, the researchers initiated this study. The participants were 24 EFL teacher trainees at a teacher training center in Guilan province. A questionnaire, including closed- and open-ended items, and an observation checklist were utilized. The researchers conducted matched t tests to investigate the possible differences between the perceptions and application of reflective practice before and after treatment. The questionnaire and checklist data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptive analyses were run. A qualitative content analysis was also employed for the open-ended item of the questionnaire. The results indicated that journal writing had a significant effect on promoting reflective practice in teacher trainees. There was also a significant difference between participants’ perceptions and application of reflective practice before and after treatment. پرونده مقاله

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56 - Syntactic Priming Effects on EFL Learners’ Production and Retention of Indirect Questions
Reza Biria Ahmad Ameri Golestan

This study examines the impact of syntactic priming on the production and retention of indirect questions by Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Eighty learners participated in two experiments investigating the impact of syntactic priming on oral pr چکیده کامل

This study examines the impact of syntactic priming on the production and retention of indirect questions by Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Eighty learners participated in two experiments investigating the impact of syntactic priming on oral production and retention of indirect questions. Experiment 1 showed that priming resulted in increased production of the target structure by the Experimental groups as compared with production by the Control groups. Experiment 2 showed that the rate of production of the target structure remained significantly higher for participants in the Experimental groups one day later. پرونده مقاله

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57 - Exploring the Role of Self-Regulatory Capacity in Vocabulary Learning of Iranian EFL Learners
Marjan Moiinvaziri

10.30486/relp.2018.542584

As the role of vocabulary is very essential in language learners’ ability to convey their intended messages, this study has tried to examine the use of self-regulated learning strategies in vocabulary learning of 100 EFL intermediate level learners studying in lan چکیده کامل

As the role of vocabulary is very essential in language learners’ ability to convey their intended messages, this study has tried to examine the use of self-regulated learning strategies in vocabulary learning of 100 EFL intermediate level learners studying in language institutes of Neyriz, Iran. Using survey method of research, data were collected by administration of ‘Self-regulating Capacity in Vocabulary Learning’ scale (SRCvoc). The obtained results revealed that the participants were moderate users of self-regulated strategies in their vocabulary learning and considering the subscales, environmental regulation obtained the highest mean, being the most influential one while the least influential subscale was emotional regulation. In addition, males had a higher mean score in use of self-regulatory strategies. The outcome of this study will hopefully lead to teachers’ attempts in providing students with the required domain, instrumental support, and strategy knowledge to operate independently and have a better performance in their vocabulary learning. پرونده مقاله

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58 - Teachers’ Reflective Teaching and Self-Efficacy as Predicators of their Professional Success: A Case of Iranian EFL Teachers
Ali Malmir Parisa Mohammadi

10.30486/relp.2018.538818

Language teacher’s professional successes has become a very important topic in SLA specially after the introduction of post-method era. Furthermore, L2 teacher’s professional successes can be influenced by some traits of the teachers including self-efficacy چکیده کامل

Language teacher’s professional successes has become a very important topic in SLA specially after the introduction of post-method era. Furthermore, L2 teacher’s professional successes can be influenced by some traits of the teachers including self-efficacy and way of teaching. The present study, therefore, was an attempt to investigate whether Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective teaching and their self-efficacy can predict their professional success. Twenty-eight male and female EFL teachers were asked to fill out the questionnaires of Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale and Reflective Teaching Questionnaire. Then, 168 male and female EFL learners with the age range of 18-32 from three branches of Safir language institute in Tehran were randomly selected out of the teachers’ students. This initial sample included more than 400 EFL students. In the next step, the selected learners were asked to fill out the Teachers’ Professional Success Survey. The data analysis using multiple regression revealed that both self-efficacy and reflective teaching could relatively predict EFL teachers’ professional success. Secondly, the results revealed that there was not any significant difference between the prediction ability of the two variables aforementioned in predicting teachers’ success from the point of view of their students. The findings of the present suggest that EFL teachers should enhance their self-efficacy and reflective teaching to increase their professional success. پرونده مقاله

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59 - On the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-regulation, Self-resiliency, Gender and Teaching Experience
Nahid Partovi Dara Tafazoli

The present study aimed to explore (a) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and their resiliency, (b) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and their genders, and (c) if there is any relationship bet چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to explore (a) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and their resiliency, (b) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and their genders, and (c) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and years of teaching experience. Through a convenience method of sampling, the first group of participants who were 85 high school male and female EFL teachers were selected. The second group consisted of 200 high school students of the mentioned teachers participated in the current investigation. EFL teachers’ self-regulatory trait was measured by means of the Teacher Self-Regulation questionnaire. Data on EFL teachers’ self-resiliency was gathered through the Qualified EFL teachers’ questionnaire. The result from the Pearson product-moment correlation revealed that (EFL) teachers qualified by self-regulatory trait are more resilient in their students’ points of views. The findings will be valuable for EFL teacher training courses. This means that the central focus of teacher training programs in Iranian educational system in EFL teacher training programs can shift from focusing on the content to developing characteristics like self-regulatory and resiliency.The present study aimed to explore (a) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and their resiliency, (b) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and their genders, and (c) if there is any relationship between EFL teachers’ self-regulatory and years of teaching experience. Through a convenience method of sampling, the first group of participants who were 85 high school male and female EFL teachers were selected. The second group consisted of 200 high school students of the mentioned teachers participated in the current investigation. EFL teachers’ self-regulatory trait was measured by means of the Teacher Self-Regulation questionnaire. Data on EFL teachers’ self-resiliency was gathered through the Qualified EFL teachers’ questionnaire. The result from the Pearson product-moment correlation revealed that (EFL) teachers qualified by self-regulatory trait are more resilient in their students’ points of views. The findings will be valuable for EFL teacher training courses. This means that the central focus of teacher training programs in Iranian educational system in EFL teacher training programs can shift from focusing on the content to developing characteristics like self-regulatory and resiliency. پرونده مقاله

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60 - The Effect of Genre-Based Teaching on EFL Learners' Speaking Performance
محمدباقر خطیبی

Abstract The present study examined the effect of genre-based tasks on EFL learners' speaking performance and probed whether genre-based tasks may empower EFL learners to perform better on speaking tests. A further concern of the study was to explore whether the effect چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study examined the effect of genre-based tasks on EFL learners' speaking performance and probed whether genre-based tasks may empower EFL learners to perform better on speaking tests. A further concern of the study was to explore whether the effect of genre-based tasks on speaking ability of EFL learners varied across different age groups, i.e. teenagers (13-16 years old) and young adults (24-27 years old). To this end, some generic based consciousness-raising tasks (CRT) were adapted from the model proposed by Benedict (2006) to develop control of a genre used as the treatment procedures. Two different speaking tests of different genres (e.g. recount, report, review, etc.), used as pretest and posttest, were administered to 120 senior university students majoring in English language translation. The results indicated that consciousness-raising tasks significantly affected EFL learners' speaking performance. However, the effect of generic-based CRTs did not vary across different age groups. Overall, the findings provided empirical support for the facilitative effect of generic-based consciousness-raising tasks on speaking performance of EFL learners. The findings may promise implications for EFL speaking syllabuses and provide guidelines to designers to accommodate the insights derived from the genre-based instruction perspective. پرونده مقاله

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61 - Setting Threshold Language Proficiency Levels for the Iranian High School EFL Teachers
Sadegh Shariatifar Gholamreza Kiany

10.30486/relp.2018.542581

Evaluating teacher candidates’ competencies, demonstrating that they are prepared to teach at high school level is inconceivable without clearly defined and agreed upon standards. Since EFL teachers’ language proﬁciency levels in the target language is a sig چکیده کامل

Evaluating teacher candidates’ competencies, demonstrating that they are prepared to teach at high school level is inconceivable without clearly defined and agreed upon standards. Since EFL teachers’ language proﬁciency levels in the target language is a signiﬁcant factor in teaching effectiveness, this study intended to set threshold listening, speaking, reading and writing proficiency levels for the Iranian high school EFL teachers based on ACTFL proficiency guidelines. To this end, a concurrent mixed-method qualitative quantitative approach was conducted. Data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews with 40 teacher educators and administering a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire to 212 high school EFL teachers. The results indicated that high school EFL teachers must be able to understand, speak, and write English at a minimum level of Advanced-Low and be able to read English at a minimum level of Advanced-Mid as defined in the ACTFL proficiency scale in order to teach English effectively. The results of this study can be used as benchmarks in prospective high school EFL teachers’ initial certification and licensing and in the design of pre-service EFL teacher education program at Farhangian University. پرونده مقاله

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62 - The Role of Self-Regulated Learning Capacities in Iranian EFL Undergraduates’ Argumentative Writing Task Performance
Ali Akbar Khomeijani Farahani Fatemeh Faryabi

The current study was an attempt to explore the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ self-regulatory capacities and their argumentative writing task performance in order to analyze measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). To this end, 44 Iranian چکیده کامل

The current study was an attempt to explore the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ self-regulatory capacities and their argumentative writing task performance in order to analyze measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). To this end, 44 Iranian EFL undergraduates majoring in English literature at the University of Tehran were recruited based on convenience sampling to participate in this study. Employing a correlational design, the participants were required to perform an argumentative writing task and complete the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire designed by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, and McKeachie (1991). Pearson product moment correlation indicated a significant relationship between self-regulated learning and writing task performance in relation to CAF measures. In addition, the results of multiple regression showed that resource management strategies and value component predicted 56.9% of grammatical accuracy of writing task. It was also shown that resource management strategies, value, and expectancy components predicted 56.5% of lexical complexity of writing task. Lastly, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, expectancy, and value components predicted 55.2% of the fluency of writing task. The findings of this study informs EFL writing pedagogy and English language teachers and syllabus designers with regard to the benefits of applying self-regulatory strategies in teaching and assessing writing. پرونده مقاله

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63 - The Effect of Differences in the General Proficiency of Iranian EFL Students on their Metaphorical Competence
Zahra Rezaei Aliakbar Jafarpour

This study was an effort towards examining the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ language proficiency and their metaphorical competence. The were 120 Iranian EFL learners studying at SADR English Language Center within the 19-25 age range. The EFL learne چکیده کامل

This study was an effort towards examining the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ language proficiency and their metaphorical competence. The were 120 Iranian EFL learners studying at SADR English Language Center within the 19-25 age range. The EFL learners’ English proficiency from Elementary to Advanced which was determined by the OPT. Afterwards, the students were administered a researcher-made test assessing their metaphorical competence. The test consisted of ten concepts with each concept containing metaphors together with their Persian equivalents written in English. Having scores in hand, the researcher was able to see whether there were any significant relationships between the students’ language proficiency and their metaphorical competence. The researcher used the SPSS software package to calculate degree of correlation between participants’ language proficiency and their metaphorical competence. Using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient formula researcher used the statistical procedure of one-way ANOVA to determine the relationship between learners’ metaphorical competence and their language proficiency. The findings revealed that the more proficient the EFL learners in English language, the more metaphorically competent they would be. پرونده مقاله

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64 - Effects of Self-Regulatory Strategy Development on EFL Learners’ Descriptive Writing and Reflective Thinking
Sima Samanian Ali Roohani

10.30486/relp.2018.538782

Writing is a demanding, complicated, and fundamental skill which is highly noticeable in the process of learning a foreign language. Thus, it is so important to teach English as a foreign language (EFL) learners how to write effectively in English through effective stra چکیده کامل

Writing is a demanding, complicated, and fundamental skill which is highly noticeable in the process of learning a foreign language. Thus, it is so important to teach English as a foreign language (EFL) learners how to write effectively in English through effective strategies and instructions and prompt their reflective thinking during EFL learning. This study investigated the effectiveness of using self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) instruction in improving Iranian EFL learners' descriptive writing and reflective thinking skills and compared the effectiveness of such instruction with nonstrategic-based (i.e., traditional) instruction. To these ends, 30 Iranian advanced EFL learners were selected to participate in the two (experimental and control) groups. To collect data, two descriptive essays and a reflective thinking questionnaire were used as the pretest and posttest. The analysis of covariance on the descriptive essay and reflective thinking scores in the control and experimental groups showed that both SRSD and non-SRSD instructions had a positive impact on the EFL participants' descriptive writing skill but, the participants in the SRSD group achieved better outcomes in their descriptive writing; the SRSD instruction was effective in improving the completeness, length, and overall quality of the EFL learners' descriptive writing performance. Also, SRSD instruction improved the learners' reflective thinking more than the non-SRSD instruction by making them metacognitively aware of their cognitive processes and monitoring, analyzing, and evaluating their descriptive writing performance. The findings draw attention to the importance of using SRSD as a possible way for moving EFL learners away from traditional instructions to process-oriented strategies in writing courses. پرونده مقاله

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65 - A Critical Overview of Models of Reading Comprehension with a Focus on Cognitive Aspects
Mohammad Taghi Shahnazari Azizollah Dabaghi

Abstract Reading is a cognitive activity involving skills, strategies, attentional resources, knowledge resources and their integration. The reader’s role is to decode the written symbols to allow for the recovery of information from long-term memory to construct چکیده کامل

Abstract Reading is a cognitive activity involving skills, strategies, attentional resources, knowledge resources and their integration. The reader’s role is to decode the written symbols to allow for the recovery of information from long-term memory to construct a plausible interpretation of the writer’s message. Various number of reading models have been proposed by researchers among which some focus on motivational and emotional aspects of reading. Others highlight the cognitive aspects of reading. In this study, the models characterizing reading in terms of cognitive aspects are revieweded, and different viewpoints on the reading process are described. This may help EFL/ESL teachers to improve their understanding of the reading process, update their perspectives on teaching reading tasks which in turn might result in more efficient learning by not putting too much cognitively demanding reading tasks on EFL/ESL learners. پرونده مقاله

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66 - The relationship between the use of vocabulary learning strategies and gender of Iranian EFL learners
Mitra Ansari freidoon Vahdany Narjes Banou Sabouri

This research study aimed at examining the use of vocabulary learning strategies of Iranian male and female intermediate EFL learners and the relationship between gender and the use of these strategies at Shokouh Language Institue in Iran. 80 EFL learners who were at in چکیده کامل

This research study aimed at examining the use of vocabulary learning strategies of Iranian male and female intermediate EFL learners and the relationship between gender and the use of these strategies at Shokouh Language Institue in Iran. 80 EFL learners who were at intermediate level participated in this study. This study used Kudo’s (1999) classification of vocabulary learning strategies including metacognitive and psycholinguistic strategies. Kudo’s (1999) likert-scale questionnaire has been used in this study. In order to analyze data and answer research questions, descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS (21) used. The finding of the study revealed that the most frequently-used VLS by female group was “Use loan words” and by male group was “ Using a bilingual dictionary”. Both of these strategies were psycholinguistic strategy. The frequency mean for the psycholinguistic strategy use, metacognitive strategies as well as the overall frequency mean was slightly higher for the female learners. However there was no significant difference between Iranian male and female intermediate EFL learners in terms of the use of vocabulary learning strategies. پرونده مقاله

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67 - Effects of Input and Output-oriented Tasks with Different Involvement Loads on the Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners
Parviz Maftoon Marzieh Sharif Haratmeh

Framed in a cognitive approach to task-supported L2 vocabulary learning, the present study used a pedagogical approach to investigate the relative effectiveness of tasks with different involvement loads on the vocabulary knowledge of Iranian EFL learners. The goal was چکیده کامل

Framed in a cognitive approach to task-supported L2 vocabulary learning, the present study used a pedagogical approach to investigate the relative effectiveness of tasks with different involvement loads on the vocabulary knowledge of Iranian EFL learners. The goal was to investigate the way that the construct of involvement load is related to the Input Hypothesis (Krashen, 1985) and the Output Hypothesis (Swain, 1996) to see whether the involvement load or input/output-orientation of tasks is the determining factor in task effectiveness. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-treatment-posttest sequence was used in this study. The participants were 127 university students from four General English classes at Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch, who were assigned to four instructional groups. Contrary to the predictions of the Involvement Load Hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001), the results of the study indicated that involvement load is not the only determining factor in task effectiveness, but input/output-orientation of tasks is also a decisive parameter in task effectiveness. While Laufer and Hulstijn’s proposal is a valuable first step towards building a theory of vocabulary learning, the results of the study indicated that involvement index may well not function independently of the task type, i.e., input or output orientation of a word-focused task. پرونده مقاله

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68 - The Effect of CA-based vs. EA-based Error Correction on Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners’ Lexical Errors of Writing
Parvin Moazamie Mansour Koosha

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of CA- based vs. EA- based error correction on the improvement of the EFL intermediate learners’ Lexical Errors of writing. Forty intermediate students, all males, studying in an English Language Institute in Golp چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of CA- based vs. EA- based error correction on the improvement of the EFL intermediate learners’ Lexical Errors of writing. Forty intermediate students, all males, studying in an English Language Institute in Golpayegan participated in this study. After detecting the participants’ errors, the lexical errors were classified into two categories, EA- based and CA-based errors. The errors which were because of the infuence of L1 on L2 were classified as CA-based errors and the errors which were because of the lack of target language proficiency were classified as EA-based errors. Then, the Wilcoxon Test was used to investigate the effect and the improvement of learners’ lexical errors by EA-based and CA-based error correction. The results of the study showed that there is no significant difference between EA-based and CA- based error correction in the improvement of the participants’ lexical errors. پرونده مقاله

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69 - Comparative Effects of Technology-, Motivational-, and Metacognitive-based Scaffolding on Male and Female Iranian Adult Advanced EFL Learners’ Speaking
Sanaz Jafari Mohammad Reza Talebinejad Saeed Ketabi

10.30486/relp.2021.1912273.1229

There is growing interest in integrating scaffolding in educational decisions everywhere including Iran. Drawing on sociocultural theory, this quasi-experimental study was aimed to determine the effect of technology-, motivational-, and metacognitive-based scaffolding o چکیده کامل

There is growing interest in integrating scaffolding in educational decisions everywhere including Iran. Drawing on sociocultural theory, this quasi-experimental study was aimed to determine the effect of technology-, motivational-, and metacognitive-based scaffolding on improving Iranian adult advanced EFL learners’ speaking. A sample of 90 advanced EFL learners was selected non-randomly based on their performance on Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) from two language institutes in Tehran, Iran during the summer and autumn semesters of 2019. The selected participants were randomly assigned to three equal groups. IELTS was used to compare their language proficiency at the beginning and the end of the study. Scaffolding provided conditions for learners to highly engage in speaking activities. The results of paired-sample t-tests revealed a significant improvement in the speaking scores of the three study groups. The results of the one-way ANOVA and Scheffe post-hoc tests indicated that motivational-based scaffolding was more conducive to enhance Iranian EFL learners’ speaking. The results of this study showed the positive impacts of integrating scaffolding into different language learning strategies, and this may carry pedagogical implications for both language teachers and learners. پرونده مقاله

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70 - Teaching Academic Writing in Iranian EFL Classrooms: Teacher-initiated Comments or Peer-provided Feedback?
Saeed Ketabi Reza Torabi

This research study aimed at investigating whether using peer-provided feedbacks rather than teacher-provided comments would result in any significance difference in Iranian English undergraduate students’ ability in writing. In so doing, based on a pretest (an OP چکیده کامل

This research study aimed at investigating whether using peer-provided feedbacks rather than teacher-provided comments would result in any significance difference in Iranian English undergraduate students’ ability in writing. In so doing, based on a pretest (an OPT & a writing exam), 40 subjects were assigned to two homogeneous groups of equal number the subjects in the control group received more traditional form of feedback i.e., Teacher’s Written Comments (TW) and those in the experimental group who received the alternative: Peers’ Written Comments (PW). The students were required to write ten paragraphs, five pairs, on each topic, one before receiving feedback and another, the revised version, after the feedback. The analyses of the data revealed that peer feedback--in its general sense--affects students’ writing performances, which in turn means that the students do incorporate suggestions made by their teacher and/or peers while revising their drafts. In sum, Peer-reviews in the form of comments and suggestions given by the students on one another’s drafts proved beneficial. پرونده مقاله

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71 - EFL Teacher's Affective Constructs and Their Sense of Responsibility
Hamed Ghaemi Hassanali Abdullahi

This study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between English as foreign language (EFL) teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. In the second place, the roles of teachers' gender, years of teaching experience, school set چکیده کامل

This study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between English as foreign language (EFL) teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. In the second place, the roles of teachers' gender, years of teaching experience, school setting, and the number of students in the classroom on teachers' affective constructs and sense of responsibility were investigated. For this purpose, 110 EFL teachers were selected through availability sampling from different high schools in Neyshabur, Iran. The teachers were asked to fill out a multi-dimensional questionnaire including different affective constructs and responsibility subscales. The subsequent data analysis via correlation and multi analysis of variances revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between teachers' experience and school setting with teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. But the effects of teachers' gender and the number of students in their classrooms on teachers' affective construct and their sense of responsibility were not significant. The conclusions and implications of the research are further discussed with reference to earlier findings. پرونده مقاله

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72 - Iranian EFL Learners at Loggerheads with Perceived Social Support
Ali Rahimi Rouhollah Askari Bigdeli

Resilience as a psychological emotional mechanism is employed by the individuals when they are in stressful irritating situations to be able to resume their previous productive mental activities. It is a vital coping activity when students go through upsetting events, p چکیده کامل

Resilience as a psychological emotional mechanism is employed by the individuals when they are in stressful irritating situations to be able to resume their previous productive mental activities. It is a vital coping activity when students go through upsetting events, psychological breakdowns, academic failures, suffocating educational atmospheres, and undemocratic teaching techniques. The essential elements of such a construct can be diverse based upon a whole prism of cultural specificities. The crux of the matter is that resilience is immensely influenced by social parameters and significant others who are in interaction with the students. The objective of this study is to investigate the predictive relationship between perceived social support (social support of family, significant others, and friends) and resilience in English language learners. To this end, 200 EFL learners studying at university level participated in the study. The data were gathered through two questionnaires and multiple regression analysis was run as a statistical procedure to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that social support of family, significant others, and friends significantly predicted resilience. The implications of this study pointed to the importance of significant others, and social support from teachers, family and friends in providing EFL learners with effective copying skills manifested as resilience in confrontation with unwelcoming stressful tasks and challenges in the process of language learning. پرونده مقاله

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73 - Effects of Telegram Stickers on English Vocabulary Learning: Focus on Iranian EFL Learners
Shima Ghobadi Saeed Taki

10.30486/relp.2018.538824

This study aimed at investigating the effect of using Telegram stickers on EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. To this end, 60 Iranian intermediate EFL learners (30 males, 30 females) at Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch studying in the second semester of th چکیده کامل

This study aimed at investigating the effect of using Telegram stickers on EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. To this end, 60 Iranian intermediate EFL learners (30 males, 30 females) at Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch studying in the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017 were selected through the convenience sampling method. They were then assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. Then, a pretest was administrated to measure the learners’ vocabulary knowledge in both groups. The experimental group took their lessons via Telegram while the control group experienced the conventional teaching techniques. After the intervention period, an approved post-test was administered to both groups in order to check the participants’ possible progress. The statistical analysis of the scores indicated that teaching vocabulary through Telegram stickers could lead to outstanding advantages for the learners. In other words, social networking had a positive impact on learning new vocabulary items among Iranian EFL learners. Findings have illuminative implications for language learners and teachers as well as materials developers. پرونده مقاله

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74 - Investigating Iranian EFL Instructor Evaluation Scheme from End-Users’ Perspective: Self-Evaluation vs. Students’ Ratings
Fateme Naderian Azizeh Chalak Ahmad Ali Foroughi Hossein Heidari Tabrizi

10.30486/relp.2018.542705

Abstract This study investigated Iranian EFL instructor evaluation scheme from end-users’ perspective: self-evaluation vs. students’ ratings. To do so, in the second semester of 2015-2016, 60 instructors and 1000 students of English Department of Islamic Aza چکیده کامل

Abstract This study investigated Iranian EFL instructor evaluation scheme from end-users’ perspective: self-evaluation vs. students’ ratings. To do so, in the second semester of 2015-2016, 60 instructors and 1000 students of English Department of Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, )IAUIB(, were selected as those from whom the corpus of the study was extracted. The corpus was provided by administrating two rating scales online via the university website on each person’s profile. Then the results of their completed evaluation rating scales were compared. The study was accomplished through a non-experimental descriptive correlational design. The results revealed that almost no relationship was found between Iranian EFL instructors’ self-evaluation and those done by their students at IAUIB. This study could benefit Iranian educationalists, policy makers, and evaluators in making informed pedagogical decisions and conducting more efficient teacher evaluation in English education of Iran. پرونده مقاله

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75 - The Relationship Between Language Teacher Immunity and Personality Type of Iranian EFL Teachers
Bahareh Khazaeenezhad Maryam Davoudinasab

10.30486/relp.2022.1951540.1358

Language teacher immunity is a novel concept in language teacher psychology that serves as a shield against the unavoidable hassles of teaching contexts. The current study aimed to fill the gap in the existing literature by employing a mixed-methods approach to find the چکیده کامل

Language teacher immunity is a novel concept in language teacher psychology that serves as a shield against the unavoidable hassles of teaching contexts. The current study aimed to fill the gap in the existing literature by employing a mixed-methods approach to find the relationship between Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers' immunity and their personality types. For the quantitative phase of the study, the data were collected through two questionnaires, teacher immunity by Hiver (2016) and the NEO-FFI-3 (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) by Costa and McCrae (2010), which were distributed among a random sample of 50 participants (19 males and 31 females) in various language institutes in Iran. For the qualitative phase of the study, an interview was conducted with eight EFL teachers through a phone call to reach in-depth information regarding teacher immunity. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between teacher immunity facets and personality types. Teaching self-efficacy and conscientiousness was the most dominant teacher immunity facets and personality types. The current study would probably help EFL teachers know how to respond to various traumatic and detrimental situations in teaching English based on their personality and immunity types. پرونده مقاله

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76 - Assessing Language Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): EFL Students’ Perspectives
Jalil Fathi Saman Yousefifard

10.30486/relp.2019.665888

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is considered as a valuable frame for describing and understanding technology integration into different educational settings, including English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. There is an accumulated body of li چکیده کامل

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is considered as a valuable frame for describing and understanding technology integration into different educational settings, including English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. There is an accumulated body of literature on TPACK among teachers engaged in different areas of education. However, few studies have addressed the assessment of TPACK through students’ perspectives in EFL settings. To address this gap, the purpose of this study was set to assess Iranian EFL students’ perspectives regarding their teachers’ TPACK. A total of 148 Iranian EFL students participated in this survey study. The data were collected through administering a previously validated TPACK questionnaire to the participants of the study. The findings obtained from the survey indicated that most EFL students perceived that their EFL teachers excelled in four components of TPACK such as technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), content knowledge (CK), and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), but the teachers were perceived to be relatively less proficient in the other three components of the scale such as technological content knowledge (TCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), and TPACK. The results suggest that Iranian EFL teachers may require further training in these latter elements of the TPACK to gain the required proficiency to integrate technology more effectively into their language classrooms. پرونده مقاله

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77 - A Phenomenological Study of EFL Teachers' Job Burnout: The Case of Private Language Institutes in Iran
Elham Mohammadi Mansooreh Amiri

10.30486/relp.2021.1929263.1266

Qualified human resources are valuable capital for the growth and development of organizations. Among the factors influencing the quality of human resources (e.g. teachers) is Job Burnout. This study aimed at probing the underlying layers of job burnout of the teachers چکیده کامل

Qualified human resources are valuable capital for the growth and development of organizations. Among the factors influencing the quality of human resources (e.g. teachers) is Job Burnout. This study aimed at probing the underlying layers of job burnout of the teachers practicing in Iranian private language institutes. To do so, a two-phase design was applied including quantitative and phenomenological qualitative methods. The data were collected through the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and one-by-one semi-structured interviews. The results of the first stage demonstrated that the participants were moderately burned out. Next, 20 (10 males & 10 females) EFL teachers with at least five years of experience were invited to take part in the interview. After confirming the saturation of data, the researcher analyzed the transcriptions and four main themes, and 16 sub-themes emerged. The results encompassed the definition of burnout, its sources, instances and consequences, and possible strategies to cope with the phenomenon. Private language institute administrators and managers can benefit from the implications of this study by taking due measures like social and emotional support and forming peer support groups to reduce burnout among their employees. پرونده مقاله

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78 - The Comparative Effect of Dynamic vs. Diagnostic Assessment on EFL Learners’ Speaking ability
Neda Kazemi Kobra Tavassoli

10.30486/relp.2019.1878561.1155

There has been a growing interest in the implementation of different types of assessment, including dynamic and diagnostic, in L2 settings recently. Accordingly, this study tried to explore the effectiveness of dynamic and diagnostic assessment on improving EFL learners چکیده کامل

There has been a growing interest in the implementation of different types of assessment, including dynamic and diagnostic, in L2 settings recently. Accordingly, this study tried to explore the effectiveness of dynamic and diagnostic assessment on improving EFL learners’ speaking ability. To this end, 82 intermediate-level EFL learners were selected based on their performance on IELTS (2016). The participants were then divided into three groups of dynamic assessment, diagnostic assessment, and control. In the dynamic group, the students received three speaking tests in the form of test-mediation-retest; in the diagnostic group, the participants received the same three speaking tests and feedback on their problems; and the learners in the control group went through the routine of speaking courses by focusing on the same three speaking tests. The speaking pretest and posttest were recorded and scored by two raters as well. To answer the research questions, a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA was run. The results showed an improvement in the three groups’ performance from pretest to posttest. More specifically, the diagnostic and dynamic assessment groups showed a significant improvement, however, the difference in their progress was not significant. Conclusions and pedagogical implications of the study are further explained. پرونده مقاله

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79 - An Attitude-based Study of the Effects of Task-based Assessment on the Iranian EFL Learners' General English achievement
Farzaneh Khabbazi Babanari Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri Firooz Sadighi

10.30486/relp.2019.576014.1086

According to Montano and Kasprzyk (2008), attitude is determined by the individual's beliefs about outcomes or attributes of performing the behavior (behavioral beliefs), weighted by evaluations of those outcomes or attributes. This study examined Iranian EFL learners&r چکیده کامل

According to Montano and Kasprzyk (2008), attitude is determined by the individual's beliefs about outcomes or attributes of performing the behavior (behavioral beliefs), weighted by evaluations of those outcomes or attributes. This study examined Iranian EFL learners’ attitudes toward the Task-Based Language Assessment (TBLA) and the traditional assessment concerning their General English achievement. One hundred EFL students from Islamic Azad University of Zarghan, Fars Province with the age range of 20-35, participated in this study. The data were gathered using an attitude questionnaire. Frequency Analysis and chi-square were used to show the learners' attitudes towards the task-based assessment in General English ability. Regarding the attitude questionnaire, EFL learners had positive attitudes towards the TBLA utilization in improving their General English achievement and most of the students were satisfied with learning English through the TBLA. پرونده مقاله

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80 - EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Ethics in the Classroom
Minoo Alemi

10.30486/relp.2020.1883420.1169

The present study investigated EFL learners’ perceptions of classroom ethics, and 60 EFL learners participated in an interview and an ethics questionnaire. The analysis of collected data resulted in 13 categories of classroom ethics, including ‘teacher punct چکیده کامل

The present study investigated EFL learners’ perceptions of classroom ethics, and 60 EFL learners participated in an interview and an ethics questionnaire. The analysis of collected data resulted in 13 categories of classroom ethics, including ‘teacher punctuality’, ‘fairness and discrimination’, ‘respect and politeness’, ‘being humorous and energetic’, ‘discipline’, ‘rapport’, ‘commitment to the profession and colleagues’, ‘appropriate content of discussion’, ‘responsibility’, ‘adaptability’, ‘reliability and trust’, ‘avoidance of misuse’, and ‘dress code’. The findings showed that all the learners recognized ethics as an essential part of the classrooms while their views differed in ranking some ethics. The most and the least valuable ethics for the participants were ‘punctuality’ and “dress code and appearance” in order. The most important ethics perceived by the learners were ‘punctuality’, ‘rapport’, and ‘being humorous and energetic’. The findings illustrated that the learners’ consideration of ethics was focused on the teachers’ manner and morality in the classroom. پرونده مقاله

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81 - An Exploration of Convergence and Divergence on the Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers: Learners’ and Teachers’ Perspectives
Esmaeel Ali Salimi Kiyana Zhaleh

10.30486/relp.2020.1910522.1223

In order to expand the literature on the concept of teacher success and buttress the previous findings in this regard, this study attempted to explore characteristics of successful EFL teachers from EFL learners' and teachers' perspectives. Thirty Iranian undergraduate چکیده کامل

In order to expand the literature on the concept of teacher success and buttress the previous findings in this regard, this study attempted to explore characteristics of successful EFL teachers from EFL learners' and teachers' perspectives. Thirty Iranian undergraduate EFL learners and 30 EFL teachers were interviewed and also responded to the Successful EFL Teachers Questionnaire. The content analysis of the interview data showed a number of themes emphasized mutually by the two groups; among them being knowledgeable followed by being competent at teaching and conveying knowledge were the most frequent themes. Further interview findings uncovered some themes stated exclusively by learners and some others exclusively by teachers. The descriptive statistics also revealed that the 12 subscales of the questionnaire were ranked mostly in the same order of importance by both groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test outcomes evinced significant differences regarding the perspectives of the learners and teachers only for four subscales of the questionnaire. All in all, based on the results, it was concluded that, compared to the teachers, the learners held a more restricted conceptualization of the qualities of successful EFL teachers. Accordingly, pedagogical implications were suggested in the English language teaching and learning context of Iran. پرونده مقاله

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82 - Investigating the Impact of Genre-Based Teaching (GBT) on Intermediate EFL Learners’ Listening Improvement
Ehsan Namaziandost Sajad Shafiee Meisam Ziafar

10.30486/relp.2019.1871153.1139

The actual classroom implementation and the possible final outcomes of the genre-based approach to listening instruction have not been completely discovered yet. Therefore, this study investigated the impact(s) of genre-based teaching (GBT) on Iranian EFL learners&rsquo چکیده کامل

The actual classroom implementation and the possible final outcomes of the genre-based approach to listening instruction have not been completely discovered yet. Therefore, this study investigated the impact(s) of genre-based teaching (GBT) on Iranian EFL learners’ listening proficiency across different proficiency levels. For this aim, 84 EFL learners were chosen. Group A (Experimental and Control Groups) included 40 participants and Group B (Proficient and Less-proficient Groups) consisted of 44 participants. Then the experimental group received the treatment which was teaching listening skill through GBT and the control group received a placebo. In the end, the researcher administered the posttest. Regarding Group A, results of one-way ANCOVA showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group indicating that GBT is a pivotal and fundamental factor for improving listening comprehension. Moreover, in Group B, the findings showed that the proficient group performed outstandingly better than the less-proficient group. The findings may denote implications for EFL listening syllabuses and provide guidelines to designers to accommodate the insights derived from the GBT viewpoint. پرونده مقاله

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83 - LAMP Revalidated: Iranian English-major Learners’ Attitudes and Motivations Regarding Teaching and Learning English Pronunciation
Frahad Tabandeh Elham Parvaneh

10.30486/relp.2020.1896756.1194

The field of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) has recently witnessed a renewed interest in pronunciation; nevertheless, this interest has been mostly directed toward pronunciation instruction even though learners’ instructional gains are heavily depend چکیده کامل

The field of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) has recently witnessed a renewed interest in pronunciation; nevertheless, this interest has been mostly directed toward pronunciation instruction even though learners’ instructional gains are heavily dependent on their attitudes and motivations. Thus, this study aimed to examine the construct validity of learners’ attitudes and motivations for pronunciation (LAMP) inventory in Iranian EFL academic context and investigate Iranian EFL learners’ attitudes and motivations regarding teaching and learning English pronunciation. Accordingly, the LAMP inventory was administered to 364 Iranian English-major undergraduates. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 8-factor LAMP model fit the Iranian EFL context. In terms of English-major learners’ attitudes, findings revealed that although they had highly positive cognitive and conative attitudes toward pronunciation instruction, they were heavily influenced by negative affective filters acting as a hindrance to their progress. Regarding motivations, English-major learners were mostly influenced by intrinsic and curiosity drives. Nevertheless, contrary to some previous findings, the majority of the respondents showed integrativeness and strove for native-like pronunciation. Therefore, the results imply that syllabus designers and instructors for English-major learners need to place stronger emphasis on pronunciation instruction via challenging, meaning-oriented tasks and computerized methodologies. پرونده مقاله

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84 - Impact of Critical Thinking Instruction Through Argument Mapping Techniques on Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking Ability and Reading Skill
Mohammad Ali Esfandiari Ehsan Rezvani Bahram Hadian

10.30486/relp.2020.1882326.1166

This study addressed the impact of teaching critical thinking (CT) principles through argument mapping (AM) techniques on the CT and reading abilities of a number of Iranian male and female EFL learners who studied English at a language institute in Isfahan province. Fo چکیده کامل

This study addressed the impact of teaching critical thinking (CT) principles through argument mapping (AM) techniques on the CT and reading abilities of a number of Iranian male and female EFL learners who studied English at a language institute in Isfahan province. For this purpose, 30 male and 30 female intermediate EFL learners were chosen on the basis of their performance on the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT); further, the reading section of an IELTS practice test was applied. For the collection of the required data, California Critical Thinking Skills Test(CCTST), which had been validated in Persian, was conducted twice, once before and once after the treatment. The study employed a quantitative pretest-treatment-posttest design in which AM techniques including information organization, structure reasoning, evidence consideration, assumption identification, evaluation of arguments, and communication of conclusions were introduced to the participants in 6 steps. Then, the CCTST and IELTS reading sections were administered again as the posttests. The statistical analysis of the obtained results using the paired-samples t test, based on the comparison of CT and reading ability according to the scores obtained from the pretest and posttest taken by the male and female learners, revealed the improvement in the five subcomponents belonging CT and reading ability from pretest to posttest. The present study provides insights useful for EFL teachers, learners and materials developers. پرونده مقاله

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85 - Reticence and Willingness to Communicate to Predict Daily Class Participation Among Iranian and Iraqi-Kurdistan Kurdish EFL Learners
Hameed Hamasaid Habib Soleimani Atta Hamamorad

10.30486/relp.2021.1912818.1234

One of the most important factors influencing the participation of English language learners is the willingness to communicate and trying to reduce reticence. The purpose of this study was to predict daily class participation based on reticence and willingness to commun چکیده کامل

One of the most important factors influencing the participation of English language learners is the willingness to communicate and trying to reduce reticence. The purpose of this study was to predict daily class participation based on reticence and willingness to communicate. The sample for the current research was selected from the students of the English language department, College of Basic Education, the University of Halabja in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and students of the English Language Department at the University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj in Iran and the sample number was 200 people. The data of the present study came from two questionnaires consisted of two scales measuring Reticence scale, and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) scale to measure students’ predisposition towards approaching or avoiding communication. According to the results of regression analysis, reticence can be a significant predictor of students' participation in daily classroom activities. Furthermore, the results indicated that the relationship between willingness to communicate and participation in class activities in both groups of boys and girls was statistically positive and significant. The results of regression analysis also revealed that willingness to communicate can significantly and positively predict students' participation in daily classroom activities. پرونده مقاله

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86 - Exploring Language Mindsets, Goal orientations, and Responses to Failure: Proficiency Level in Focus
Forough Sadeghi Firooz Sadighi Mohammadsadegh Bagheri

10.30486/relp.2021.1921795.1251

The priming of different mindsets is expected to guide L2 students to pursue different achievement goals in language learning that direct them to respond differently in challenging situations.This study assessed a significant predictor variable(s) of goal orientation in چکیده کامل

The priming of different mindsets is expected to guide L2 students to pursue different achievement goals in language learning that direct them to respond differently in challenging situations.This study assessed a significant predictor variable(s) of goal orientation in mindset variables and a significant predictor variable(s) of responses to failure among mindsets and goal orientations.Thequestionnaires were distributed to 68 university students.Several semi-structured interviews with 10 university students were done.T-test, multiple hierarchical regression analyses,and thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference between high and low proficient students regarding mindset and goal orientation. It showed that their mindset positively predicted their goal orientation, furthermore, mindset and goal orientation positively predicted responses to failure. Results of interviews showed that language learning mindset could be improved by hardworking.It was concluded that L2 studnets who held a growth mindset became more proficient; they were inspired to learn more and held more learning goals. The study may have implications forsyllabus designers and material developers. پرونده مقاله

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87 - Exploring Contents of Peer Feedback Dynamics Using Patterns of Pair Interaction: Iranian EFL Learners' Written Discourse in Focus
Ahmadreza Jamshidipour Hamidreza Khalaji Faramarz Azizmalayeri

10.30486/relp.2021.1915941.1242

This study investigated the content of peer feedback dynamics using patterns of pair interaction among Iranian EFL learners in English writing class, making use of Audio Stimulated Recall (ASR) interview and the compositions. This qualitative case study was conducted co چکیده کامل

This study investigated the content of peer feedback dynamics using patterns of pair interaction among Iranian EFL learners in English writing class, making use of Audio Stimulated Recall (ASR) interview and the compositions. This qualitative case study was conducted comprising twelve EFL learners at Poldokhtar University. Three kinds of data, including semi-structured interviews, writing assignments, and the artifacts of peer feedback dynamic using patterns of pair interaction, were analyzed by software NVivo 8.0. The findings revealed that the quality of writing was improved by peer feedback dynamics using patterns of pair interaction; the content of peer feedback dynamics became more detailed and various, and the content of peer feedback dynamics focuses on the six aspects including mechanics, syntax, error correction, pragmatic functions, word choice, and style.Specifically, students perceived the contents of the writing, reinforced their critical thinking ability, and enhanced their social interaction skills. Hence, peer feedback should be implemented in L2 writing. Some implications of the study were discussed. پرونده مقاله

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88 - Iranian EFL Young Learners’ Responses to the Implementation of Collaborative and Individual Reading Activities in Reading Sessions
Mania Koohafkan Faramarz Azizmalayeri Hossein Ahmadi

10.30486/relp.2021.1930370.1269

This qualitative study investigated EFL young learners’ responses to reading activities in reading sessions. It was an attempt to examine students’ responses towards the implementation of individual and collaborative reading activities in teaching reading as چکیده کامل

This qualitative study investigated EFL young learners’ responses to reading activities in reading sessions. It was an attempt to examine students’ responses towards the implementation of individual and collaborative reading activities in teaching reading as a foreign language in reading sessions. To this purpose, 16 Iranian EFL young learners at a primary bilingual school in Tehran together with their English teachers contributed to the study. They were both randomly selected from available teachers and students in Tehran. The learners were around eight years old. The study lasted for 12 weeks. The method used in this study was qualitative. Teachers’ reflective journals, some participant observations, and face-to-face interviews with teachers were the instruments used in this study. The data elicited from the interview transcripts and observations transcription were analyzed inductively. The narrative analysis of interview transcription was coded into themes. The results indicated that collaborative and individual reading activities in reading sessions have a positive effect on young learners’ reading comprehension. Moreover, the students showed noticeable responses to the implementation of collaborative reading activities in reading sessions. پرونده مقاله

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89 - Learning Styles and Attention Control; the Case of Iranian Female EFL Learners
Hamid Gholami Ensieh Aramesh Samira Golshani

10.30486/relp.2022.1944619.1315

This study aimed to find out the most dominant learning style among Iranian EFL learners and the potential differences in attention control of the learners with various learning styles. In doing so, the Grasha-Richmann scale and a Victoria Stroop test were applied. A on چکیده کامل

This study aimed to find out the most dominant learning style among Iranian EFL learners and the potential differences in attention control of the learners with various learning styles. In doing so, the Grasha-Richmann scale and a Victoria Stroop test were applied. A one-way ANOVA and then a post hoc test was run to find out the possible differences among learners with various learning styles in terms of attention control. The findings revealed the most preferred style was the Independent style, by contrast, the participative was the least frequent one. In addition, the avoidant learning style was not found in EFL learners' preferences. A one-way ANOVA test was run to find out the attentional control differences in learners with various styles. The results indicated a significant difference among learners in terms of attention control and also language learners with independent learning styles performed better on the attentional control test. پرونده مقاله

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90 - Iranian EFL learners' Spiritual Intelligence and Their Language Learning Autonomy
Masoumeh Azadi Parviz Maftoon Minoo Alemi

10.30486/relp.2022.1961759.1387

Learning a second/foreign language is a complicated process involving many factors and elements to occur effectively. It requires an investigation of variables and issues related to EFL learners in the process of learning. A limited number of studies have been performed چکیده کامل

Learning a second/foreign language is a complicated process involving many factors and elements to occur effectively. It requires an investigation of variables and issues related to EFL learners in the process of learning. A limited number of studies have been performed concerning student-related factors to realize EFL learners’ spiritual intelligence and its relation to language learning. The study helped fill this gap by exploring the correlation between EFL learners’ Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and Learner Autonomy (LA). A total of 365 EFL students were chosen from different branches of Islamic Azad University. Two validated and reliable questionnaires on SI (Azadi et al., in press) and LA (Dixon, 2011) were distributed among the participants. The SI questionnaire is a 27-item self-report measure consisting of four main factors, and the LA questionnaire contains 38 questions covering six factors. The correlation between the two variables was determined through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed a significant relationship between SI and LA. پرونده مقاله

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91 - Self-Reflection vs. Group-Reflection Training: The Investigation of Iranian In-Service EFL Teachers’ Performance Development
Sajjad Fathi Ahmad Mohseni Hossein Rahmanpanah

10.30486/relp.2022.1966013.1402

The current study investigates the effect of self- and group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 40 in-serv چکیده کامل

The current study investigates the effect of self- and group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 40 in-service EFL teachers were selected. An observation checklist, a semi-structured interview, and the Skype app were employed. There were two groups, i.e., a self-reflection group (N=20) and a group-reflection group (N=20; five subgroups with four members). A mixed-methods design was used in this study. Before the training phase, the pre-test (observation checklist) was administered. During the training phase, the self-reflection group members were exposed to self-reflection practice. In addition, the group-reflection participants were exposed to the group-reflection practice. The instruction was presented in 16 sessions twice a week for two months. After the training phase, the post-test (observation checklist) was administered. Moreover, participants were given a semi-structured interview on their reactions to their teaching efficacy. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS software version 23. The analysis of data revealed that implementing the principles of self-reflective and group-reflective instructions had statistically significant effects on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ teaching performance. Also, participants believed that reflective practice in both forms had constructive effects on their teaching performance. This study has pedagogical implications for English language teachers, EFL learners, and teacher educators who seek to find more effective teaching methodologies and help them to construct their own meaning of teaching. پرونده مقاله

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92 - The Role of Contemplative Teaching in EFL Learners' Speaking Development and Self-Regulation: Learners’ Attitudes
Sahar Ahmadpour Hassan Asadollahfam Davud Kuhi

10.30486/relp.2021.1926713.1261

As an effective instructional approach, contemplative teaching has been shown to improve language learning. Nevertheless, its impact on the development of L2 speaking and self-regulation particularly from the perspective of learners has not been examined so far. For thi چکیده کامل

As an effective instructional approach, contemplative teaching has been shown to improve language learning. Nevertheless, its impact on the development of L2 speaking and self-regulation particularly from the perspective of learners has not been examined so far. For this purpose, 62 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in a language institute in Iran were selected to participate in the study. Participants in the experimental group were exposed to contemplative instruction using the relevant practices, whereas those in the control group received no such instruction. A mixed-methods approach was used in this study for data collection and the obtained data were analyzed through t-tests. The results of statistical analyses failed to demonstrate the effect of the contemplative teaching approach on the speaking skill development of learners. Furthermore, contemplative teaching did not affect the self-regulation behaviors of learners receiving it. And, while learners appreciated some aspects of the contemplative approach, they had concerns about its applicability in teaching speaking. The implications of this study for the teachers who wish to practice contemplative teaching are presented. پرونده مقاله

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93 - The Survey of the Advantages of Literature Genres in TEFL
Saeid Rahimipour

10.30486/relp.2021.1930780.1271

Language teaching has followed lots of ups and downs. The application of literature to language teaching has been under suspicion for many years. This paper via theoretical argument approach and based on library search has tried to show the possible and potential benefi چکیده کامل

Language teaching has followed lots of ups and downs. The application of literature to language teaching has been under suspicion for many years. This paper via theoretical argument approach and based on library search has tried to show the possible and potential benefits of using literature and literary genres in TEFL. Specifically, it has tried to present the most agreed-upon ideas regarding the application of literary genres to TEFL from students’ viewpoints. This reveals a better selection of the most applicable genres in applied linguistics. It highlights the accompanying characteristics of literary genres to be tailored for the implementation in English language teaching courses. Hinging on the survey of a host of articles and books and centralizing on the real practice, observation, and real utilization of literature and literary genres by the researcher in Farhangian University classes, it has endeavored to present the most commonly agreed-upon features and characteristics of literature and its genres to provide curriculum designers, managers, instructors, and even students with hints and guidelines to turn to the use of literature and its genres courageously and warmly. Implicitly, the survey suggests the deployment of literature and literary genres in academic settings and more specifically Farhangian University. پرونده مقاله

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94 - Exploring the Effect of Task-Based Language Teaching on Reading Comprehension: Evidence from Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Maryam Riazi Ahmadsaraei Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani

10.30486/relp.2022.1953908.1368

The current research investigated the impact of task-based language teaching (TBLT) on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability. To this end, a total of sixty EFL learners were chosen based on their performance on Oxford Quick Placement Tes چکیده کامل

The current research investigated the impact of task-based language teaching (TBLT) on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability. To this end, a total of sixty EFL learners were chosen based on their performance on Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). Next, the researchers divided them into one experimental and one control group. At the beginning of this study, a pretest reading was run for both groups to examine their reading before introducing the treatment. Then, the experimental group was treated for ten sessions, which received training reading comprehension skills based on TBLT, whereas the control group received a placebo (teaching reading via the existing method). At the end of the study, both groups took part in the reading post-test. The researchers analyzed the data using Independent and Paired Samples T-test methods. The results represented that TBLT had a statistically significant effect on reading comprehension of Iranian intermediate learners. The results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in post-test scores between the control and experimental groups. That is, the experimental group performed better than the control group in the post-test of reading comprehension ability and the progress in the experimental group was higher than the control group. Pedagogical implications are provided for EFL teachers and material designers to incorporate TBLT activities into curriculum development as a tool to aid learners’ reading comprehension skill. پرونده مقاله

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95 - Investigating Iraqi EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Attitudes Towards English Book of Grade 6 of Primary School: Task-Based Language Learning in focus
Sedigheh Vahdat Zohreh Gooniband Shooshtari Kadhim Waheeb Kadhim

10.30486/relp.2022.1951331.1357

This study investigated the attitudes of teachers and students toward the Iraqi primary school sixth grade task-based English textbook. Two hundred students and two hundred English teachers were invited to provide their opinions through questionnaires and interviews. Sp چکیده کامل

This study investigated the attitudes of teachers and students toward the Iraqi primary school sixth grade task-based English textbook. Two hundred students and two hundred English teachers were invited to provide their opinions through questionnaires and interviews. Specifically, the focus was on the suitability of English textbook tasks in terms of the target age group, culture, customs, traditions, class duration, classroom capacity, the availability of teaching aids, as well as the capability of teachers to interact and communicate the textbook material to students to achieve the desired learning outcome. Two instruments were used in this study. The first instrument was two questionnaires to investigate the teachers’ and students’ attitudes toward the English textbook of sixth-grade primary level based on TB, and the second instrument was a semi-structured interview to investigate teachers’ attitudes. The semi-structured interview was used to survey the participants’ attitudes, feelings and intractability with the task-based English text. The results of questionnaires pointed to the negative attitudes of the teachers and students toward the English textbook of grade 6. Moreover, both the teachers and students faced difficulty understanding and following the tasks in the textbook, leading to their confusion and waste of time. That is, the tasks were believed to be difficult to complete, perform or even redo out of the class. Finally, the textbook content appeared unsuitable for both teachers and students in terms of cultural norms and their application in local daily life situations. The study concluded with recommendations for the Iraqi Ministry of Education to modify the textbook content to match the group age-targeted 12 years old, their cultural standards, the classroom capacity, and teaching aids. پرونده مقاله

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96 - The Role of Extensive Listening Tasks in the Use of Discourse Markers by Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners in their Oral Production of Stories
Mahboobeh Abedi Abbas Bayat Hossein Ahmadi

10.30486/relp.2022.1966194.1401

Speaking is challenging for EFL learners as it calls for grammatical competence and discourse knowledge, including Discourse Markers (DM), which help them speak naturally. This study sought to investigate the effect of extensive listening tasks on the use of DMs in spea چکیده کامل

Speaking is challenging for EFL learners as it calls for grammatical competence and discourse knowledge, including Discourse Markers (DM), which help them speak naturally. This study sought to investigate the effect of extensive listening tasks on the use of DMs in speaking by Iranian intermediate EFL learners. Sixty intermediate EFL learners were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The participants' oral production was checked in the two groups before the treatment, and the frequency and types of DMs were detected. For the treatment, the participants in the experimental group were required to listen to different short stories as part of out-of-class activities for three months. However, the control group did not receive extensive listening tasks. A posttest was administered only one day after the last treatment session to realize the impact of the treatment on the participants' use of DMs. After four weeks, a delayed posttest was administered to examine the participants' long-term DM use. The data collected from the posttest and delayed posttest were then analyzed using independent paired samples t-tests. The findings indicated that extensive listening tasks did not impact the use of DMs in speaking by Iranian EFL learners at the intermediate level. The results of the delayed posttest did not yield any significant difference either. پرونده مقاله

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97 - On the Effectiveness of Using Flipped Classroom in Teaching Grammar to Iranian Advanced Students of ELT
Seyyed Pedram Allahveysi Mohammad Aliakbari

10.30486/relp.2021.1930919.1282

This paper aimed to investigate the impact of employing flipped classrooms in teaching grammar on Iranian advanced EFL students through an experimental research design. Two groups were created on Skype application. The groups of the participants were grouped via tossing چکیده کامل

This paper aimed to investigate the impact of employing flipped classrooms in teaching grammar on Iranian advanced EFL students through an experimental research design. Two groups were created on Skype application. The groups of the participants were grouped via tossing a coin. There were 20 participants in each group. Both groups received instructions through Skype. They also had groups on Telegram, Signal, and WhatsApp to receive assignments for the members of the control group and instructions for the inverted classroom. The members of the control group received the instruction traditionally on Skype, whereas, the participants of the experimental group received the instruction in an inverted approach. Statistical test of ANCOVA was employed to investigate the differences among the participants after the 20th session to analyze the data. The results showed that learners who received instructions through the flipped classroom could outperform the control group in grammar achievement and accuracy. پرونده مقاله

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98 - The Effect of Mobile-mediated Dynamic Assessment on EFL Learners’ L2 Vocabulary Knowledge
Afrooz Rezaei Fatemeh Behjat Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri

10.30486/relp.2021.1945291.1320

This study examined the effect of mobile-mediated dynamic assessment (DA) to enhance English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ vocabulary learning. To this end, 78 pre-intermediate level EFL learners learning English at a language institute were selected based چکیده کامل

This study examined the effect of mobile-mediated dynamic assessment (DA) to enhance English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ vocabulary learning. To this end, 78 pre-intermediate level EFL learners learning English at a language institute were selected based on their availability to the researcher. The participants were randomly assigned to three equal groups (one control and two experimental). Next, the vocabulary pre-test was conducted for all participants to observe their development throughout the instruction. WhatsApp was used in one of the experimental groups (mobile-mediated DA), and 26 students entered a talk group where DA was applied. The second experimental group received DA in class (in-class DA). The control group assessed the participants’ zone of actual development (ZAD) at various points in the course. Concerning the experimental groups, a scale of prompts was used to mediate the learning process when students made an error, and the researcher acted as a mediator. The results showed that mobile-mediated DA was successful in enhancing EFL students’ vocabulary learning. Moreover, a reduction in the prompt's mean score at the end of the course suggested that fewer prompts were required to divert the participants’ attention to the error. The findings of this study can lead to a better understanding of the pedagogical importance of mobile-mediated DA. پرونده مقاله

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99 - Mediating Role of E-mind Mapping in Adopting a Self-Regulated Language Learning Strategy Among Iranian EFL Learners
Nasim Nasr-Esfahani Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabrizi

10.30486/relp.2021.1938213.1301

One of the affective factors contributing to the EFL learners’ learning outcome is their preferred language learning strategy. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of E-mind mapping as a modern node-link teaching technique in adopting a specific self- چکیده کامل

One of the affective factors contributing to the EFL learners’ learning outcome is their preferred language learning strategy. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of E-mind mapping as a modern node-link teaching technique in adopting a specific self-regulated language learning strategy (SRLLS) among Iranian EFL learners. Based on quasi-experimental research, 64 EFL learners were conveniently selected and randomly divided into two groups, namely, experimental and control groups. The valid and reliable Self-Regulated Foreign Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire was conducted for all of the participants in the pre and post-test but with different item orders. The intervention consisted of 15 sessions each 90 minutes in which E-mind mapping was utilized in the experimental group but conventional teaching was employed in the control group. Descriptive statistics and the t-test was used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that before conducting the study the most preferred SRLLS among participants were cognitive strategy but after using E-mind mapping techniques, the preferred strategy in the experimental group changed to metacognitive strategy. Also, the Iranian EFL learners’ use of meta-effective and meta-sociocultural-interactive strategies, which were previously infrequent, improved. Thus, the results indicated that the E-mind mapping technique was effective in adopting a particular SRLLS among EFL learners. The findings emphasize some successful initiatives to build learners' self-regulated strategies through strategy training incorporated into educational programs and special curriculum designing. پرونده مقاله

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100 - Iranian EFL Learners’ Attitudes toward the Impact of Nonverbal Parameters upon their Learning Process
Omid Azad

10.30486/relp.2022.1967905.1407

Nonverbal cues include communicative markers like gestures, eye contact, nodding, tone of voice, and intonation among others which are associated and concomitant with language either consciously or unconsciously while playing significant roles in communication. The rela چکیده کامل

Nonverbal cues include communicative markers like gestures, eye contact, nodding, tone of voice, and intonation among others which are associated and concomitant with language either consciously or unconsciously while playing significant roles in communication. The related literature demonstrates that nonverbal cues have great potential in foreign language learning. In this regard, it was predicted that EFL learners' attitudes toward nonverbal cues could affect their learning process significantly. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to investigate students' attitudes toward their instructors' use of nonverbal cues in their communication and the extent to which using these elements could facilitate students' learning process. Utilizing a questionnaire as our instrument, we collected data from 50 undergraduate senior students of Linguistics at the University of Gonabad. Our rationale for choosing senior college students was to identify their attitudes toward their instructors' use of nonlinguistic cues since the beginning of their academic career at the university. Our findings revealed that our students had positive attitudes toward teachers' recruitment of nonlinguistic cues in their communication. Moreover, the parameter of gender was not found to affect students' attitudes with both males and females having positive attitudes toward the significance of nonverbal clues in communication. However, the parameter of learners' background experience of utilizing nonverbal clues in their native language was strongly related to their attitude toward EFL learning. Considering the predominant role of nonverbal communication in Iranian EFL settings, it was recommended that their recruitment in English teaching be taken more seriously. پرونده مقاله

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101 - Enhancing ELT Instructors’ Effectiveness Through Reflection :A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Sharareh Sadat Sarsarabi

10.30486/relp.2023.1974085.1420

In the last few years, the idea of reflection has been extensively employed in different teacher education programs to assist teachers in the process of explaining their ideas about their teaching activities and improving their teaching practices. The present study aime چکیده کامل

In the last few years, the idea of reflection has been extensively employed in different teacher education programs to assist teachers in the process of explaining their ideas about their teaching activities and improving their teaching practices. The present study aimed at examining the relationship between EFL instructors’ reflective teaching and effective teaching. To this end, 120 ELT instructors from different colleges and universities in Khorasan Razavi province were asked to participate in the study. The participants were asked to fill in two reliable questionnaires to measure their reflective and effective teaching. The results of the data analysis exhibited a positive correlation between reflective teaching and effective teaching and the results of the Pearson correlation also demonstrated that there are positive meaningful relationships between instructors’ reflective teaching and all four subscales of effective teaching. Specifically, the highest correlation is observed between instructors' reflective teaching and their self-awareness. A meaningful correlation was also demonstrated between effective teaching and teaching experience. پرونده مقاله

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102 - Developing Pragmatic Awareness of Requests in the EFL Classroom: A Focus on Instructional Effects
Sadegh Sadeghinezhad

10.30486/relp.2023.1984316.1457

Explicit teaching of pragmatics to second language learners has been studied by a large number of researchers. However, the review of the related studies shows that while some researchers believe in the effectiveness of explicit instruction of pragmatics, others believe چکیده کامل

Explicit teaching of pragmatics to second language learners has been studied by a large number of researchers. However, the review of the related studies shows that while some researchers believe in the effectiveness of explicit instruction of pragmatics, others believe that explicit instruction is not effective and it does not contribute to the language learners’ pragmatics awareness. The main goal of this study was to investigate the outcomes of teaching pragmatics- focusing on the concept of politeness through the speech act of request - by explicit intervention. The participants were Iranian intermediate 36 EFL students who were selected through convenience sampling. A quasi-experimental research method was used, and the participants were divided into two groups. The experimental group benefited from overt metapragmatic discussions and explanations, role plays and other pragmatically-oriented tasks. Different instruments were used: a written discourse completion test (DCT), a general English proficiency test to homogenize the participants, a pre-test of participant's initial pragmatic awareness and ability in politeness, and a post-test of pragmatic awareness and ability in the production of politeness features following the periods of instruction. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test). The results of data analyses revealed that students' speech act comprehension and production improved significantly in the explicit instruction group, but no change was made in students' speech act comprehension and production of the students who received no instruction. It is concluded that pragmatic competence can be taught to EFL learners explicitly. پرونده مقاله

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103 - A Comparative Study of the Effects of Equal and Expanding Spacing Schedules on L2 Receptive and Productive Vocabulary Retrieval
Roya Khoii Kobra Fallah Abed

10.30486/relp.2021.1943193.1312

Spaced repetition seems to play a significant role in the learning and retention of words in foreign language settings. This experimental study investigated the impact of expanding and equal spacing conditions on receptive and productive English vocabulary retrieval. Th چکیده کامل

Spaced repetition seems to play a significant role in the learning and retention of words in foreign language settings. This experimental study investigated the impact of expanding and equal spacing conditions on receptive and productive English vocabulary retrieval. The participants consisted of 63 pre-intermediate EFL learners in three intact classes randomly assigned to one control and two experimental groups. A Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) was used to select 20 unknown word pairs (each word and its synonym) for teaching purposes and check the effects of the treatments at the end of the study. The word pairs were later divided into two 10-item A and B sets because of the counterbalanced design of the study. The first experimental group studied set A under an equally spaced condition (2-2-2) and set B under an expanding spaced condition (0-1-5) with the same absolute spacing value. The second experimental group studied them in the reverse order, thus counterbalancing the effect of encounter order. The control group studied the target items under the no-spacing or massed condition (0-0-0). The statistical analyses of the three groups’ posttest scores indicated that all the three groups had improved their receptive and productive vocabulary retrieval. However, an equally spaced schedule had led to a significantly higher mean score only on the receptive items of the posttest and, therefore, better vocabulary retrieval. Therefore, it is suggested that EFL teachers consider spacing in general and the equal spacing condition in particular as important elements in facilitating both receptive and productive vocabulary learning. پرونده مقاله

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104 - Professionalism as a Predictor of Reflective Teaching and Criticality of EFL Teachers
َAdel Dastgoshadeh Kaveh Jalilzadeh

10.30486/relp.2022.1962731.1389

The professional development of EFL teachers is supposed to include and be related to many of the teacher’s characteristics that develop during their professional teaching practice. EFL teachers' critical thinking and reflective teaching can also be influenced by چکیده کامل

The professional development of EFL teachers is supposed to include and be related to many of the teacher’s characteristics that develop during their professional teaching practice. EFL teachers' critical thinking and reflective teaching can also be influenced by their developing cognitive and meta-cognitive professional skills and competencies. This study investigated the relationship between the professional development of EFL teachers and their reflective teaching and critical thinking. It also investigated whether any component(s) of professional development would best predict reflective teaching and critical thinking. To this end, 45 Iranian EFL teachers in Sanandaj participated in the study. They completed three questionnaires as follows. One was a Teachers’ Professional Development Questionnaire to measure the participant teachers’ professional development. The second questionnaire was a Teachers’ Reflective Thinking Questionnaire to assess the participants’ reflective thinking. The third questionnaire was a Critical Thinking Appraisal Form to measure the participants’ critical thinking. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to check the correlation of professional development and its subscales with reflective teaching and critical thinking. Multiple standard regression was run to check whether any component(s) of professional development would predict reflective teaching and critical thinking. The results indicated that out of the three components of professional development, namely, subject-matter field, dedicated field, and pedagogical field, it was the pedagogical field that significantly correlated with and predicted both reflective teaching and critical thinking. پرونده مقاله

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105 - Developing and Validating a Scale for Assessing Iranian EFL Teacher Educators’ Perspectives towards Twenty-first Century Skills
Mahboobeh Khosrojerdi Khalil Motallebzadeh Hamid Ashraf Gholam Reza Zareian

10.30486/relp.2023.1987187.1464

Teacher education had been addressed in various studies. Although many studies attempted to measure teachers' twenty-first century skills, there is still a gap that prompted us to investigate the area from the teacher-educators' perspectives. To accomplish the purpose, چکیده کامل

Teacher education had been addressed in various studies. Although many studies attempted to measure teachers' twenty-first century skills, there is still a gap that prompted us to investigate the area from the teacher-educators' perspectives. To accomplish the purpose, this mixed-method study aimed to develop and validate a scale to assess Iranian EFL teacher-educators’ perceptions of twenty-first century skills. To this end, the developed scale was answered by 15 teacher educators through a semi structured interview. After transcribing and analyzing the interview responses, the researcher developed a tentative version of a twenty-first century skills scale which included 26 items. Finally, the researcher distributed the scale among 351 EFL teacher educators. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated that the scale enjoyed high validity and reliability. The extracted factors making up three components included agreement, challenges, and implementation. Based on the rotated component matrix, some changes in the organization of the items were made. This study has implications for language teachers, and teacher trainers to design teacher training courses as well as professional development programs. پرونده مقاله

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106 - The Professional EFL Teacher: A Qualitative Exploration of Iranian University Lecturers’ Attitudes toward EFL Teacher Professionalism
Shiva Azizpour Mohammad Hashamdar

10.30486/relp.2023.1983281.1453

This qualitative study explored Iranian university lecturers’ attitudes toward EFL teacher professionalism. Based on a researcher-developed protocol, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 university lecturers from State and Islamic Azad universities of چکیده کامل

This qualitative study explored Iranian university lecturers’ attitudes toward EFL teacher professionalism. Based on a researcher-developed protocol, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 university lecturers from State and Islamic Azad universities of Tehran, Karaj, Urmia, and Tabriz, Iran, whose teaching experiences ranged from 6 to 19 years, to delve into their attitudes and experiences toward EFL teacher professionalism. The interviews drew upon emergent methodology to categorize the interviewees’ value-laden comments into five major attitudinal themes of the meaning of EFL teacher professionalism, the characteristics, requirements, and responsibilities of a professional EFL teacher, establishing rapport and positive relationship with students, colleagues, and administrative staff in a professional EFL teaching context, resolving possible organizational conflicts in a professional EFL teaching context, and the role of ethics in EFL teacher professionalism. The findings illustrated that professional university lecturers are expected to establish authority and certain relationship boundaries with students and maintaining these boundaries will keep professor-student relationships purely professional. Further, adhering to professional standards and ethics, preventing discrimination in the classroom, developing classroom management skills, fostering student autonomy, giving constructive feedback, and developing mutual respect, politeness, and trust might create a favorable environment as well as increased productivity at work. Besides, educational stakeholders and policymakers are expected to design certain guidelines and allocate the resources required to help university lecturers develop as professionals. پرونده مقاله

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107 - Rhetorical Moves Used in MA Students’ Theses in TEFL and Nursery
Maryam Jamalzade Jahromi Ehsan Hadipourfard Leila Akbarpour

10.30486/relp.2022.1957919.1378

Abstracts in research papers are one of the focal parts of academic research, and they are one of the first things that a reader reads to determine the value of the research. Furthermore, acknowledgments appreciate those who have helped in writing a thesis. The present چکیده کامل

Abstracts in research papers are one of the focal parts of academic research, and they are one of the first things that a reader reads to determine the value of the research. Furthermore, acknowledgments appreciate those who have helped in writing a thesis. The present study investigated rhetorical moves in the acknowledgment and abstract sections of Iranian English language teaching and nursery students' M.A. theses. In addition, it investigated if there were any significant differences between rhetorical moves observed in the acknowledgment and abstract sections of Iranian TEFL and nursery students' M.A. theses in these two fields. Some of the 80 theses from the two disciplines, 40 each, were investigated. Hyland's (2000) models of the abstract rhetoric structure and acknowledgment structure were adopted to investigate the corpora under study. The results revealed that different steps and moves were used in theses from both disciplines. However, the results of Chi-square tests revealed that the differences between different moves and steps of these acknowledgments and abstracts from the two disciplines were insignificant. The findings have some implications for post-graduate students to be more aware of their addressees and language teachers to teach students about genre-based writing. پرونده مقاله

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108 - Students ̓ Attitudes Toward Using Infographics on Learning Vocabulary in the EFL Classes
Shahla Tavanapour Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabrizi

10.30486/relp.2023.1977057.1429

Infographics are visual representations of information intended to be presented quickly and clearly. The present study aimed to investigate students ̓ attitudes toward using infographics in learning vocabulary in EFL classes. To this end, the participants were selected چکیده کامل

Infographics are visual representations of information intended to be presented quickly and clearly. The present study aimed to investigate students ̓ attitudes toward using infographics in learning vocabulary in EFL classes. To this end, the participants were selected through available sampling and the study was conducted at Pand Institute in Abadan, Khuzestan, Iran during the summer of 2022. All of them were females and their ages ranged from 20 to 30. In this quantitative descriptive study, a questionnaire (Alrwele, 2017) was given to the learners to determine their attitudes toward using infographics as teaching tools in the educational context. The participants were asked to answer the questions to indicate to what extent they agreed or disagreed with each statement on a five-point Likert Scale. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by two experts at the Ph.D. level. The collected data were computed through descriptive statistics and one sample t-test. Most learners agreed with all 19 statements, all of which were positive comments about using infographics. Thus, a general trend of a positive attitude could be observed in the responses provided by the learners in the EFL class. Most students enjoyed the use of infographics within EFL contexts. Therefore, incorporating infographics into teaching could be a dynamic way for learners and engage in learning more. This finding could help language developers, syllabus designers, and teachers to develop programs and create books based on infographics. پرونده مقاله

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109 - The Impacts of Vocabulary Instruction via Synchronous and Asynchronous Social Networks on Iranian EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension
Servat Shirkhani Samaneh Shiran

10.30486/relp.2022.1959756.1380

The significant role of technology in improving second language skills and components has been recently addressed extensively. In the same vein, this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study aimed to compare the effects of synchronous and asynchronous social net چکیده کامل

The significant role of technology in improving second language skills and components has been recently addressed extensively. In the same vein, this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study aimed to compare the effects of synchronous and asynchronous social networks in teaching vocabulary to improve English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' reading comprehension. For this purpose, 61 EFL learners were chosen using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Before the treatment, a researcher-made reading comprehension test was run as the pretest. Then WhatsApp was employed as the synchronous network for teaching vocabulary for the first group and Instagram as the asynchronous network for the second. The first group had to be online at a specific time, but the second group was given two days to see the posts. The strategies for teaching vocabulary were the same in both groups. After the treatment, another reading comprehension test was administered as the posttest. The statistical analysis indicated significant effects for both networks and a significant difference between the two experimental groups, showing that the asynchronous social network was significantly more effective in enhancing learners' reading comprehension than the synchronous one. The results imply that teachers can benefit from synchronous and asynchronous social networks as good platforms for teaching new words and improving learners' reading comprehension. پرونده مقاله

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110 - Non-Native EFL Teacher Educators’ Pedagogical Roles: Language Institute Managers’ Perceptions
Zahra Zamani Minoo Alemi Zia Tajeddin

10.30486/relp.2023.1987352.1466

The pedagogical roles of teacher educators (TEs) in recruiting and educating future language teachers have recently gained attention among language researchers and scholars. Hence, this study set to investigate the pedagogical roles of Iranian non-native teacher educato چکیده کامل

The pedagogical roles of teacher educators (TEs) in recruiting and educating future language teachers have recently gained attention among language researchers and scholars. Hence, this study set to investigate the pedagogical roles of Iranian non-native teacher educators (TEs) in educating preservice and in-service EFL teachers from the viewpoint of language institute managers. To this end, following a qualitative survey research design, a total of 30 institute managers were selected via the snowball sampling method and engaged in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The participants’ responses were voice recorded and then thematic analysis was conducted to extract the main themes and subcomponents. The findings of the study showed that institute managers assigned three main instructional roles to TEs: holding preservice/in-service teacher education courses, revising the assessment system, and designing effective language syllabuses. Accordingly, language institute managers believed that effective TEs should not only be responsible for running teacher education courses but also engage in the evaluation process by checking and revising the testing procedures and designing and developing relevant instructional syllabuses in cooperation with educational managers of the institutes. The pedagogical findings of the study are also discussed. پرونده مقاله

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111 - Tackling Iranian Epileptic EFL Learners’ Foreign Language Anxiety and Vocabulary Learning via a Social, Meta-cognitive, and Problem-Solving Skills Training Package: Online and Traditional Contexts in Focus
Vale Jalali Mina Rohanizadeh Neda Fatehi Rad

10.30486/relp.2023.1994105.1493

The problems of epileptic EFL learners are more serious than those of normal learners. Mostly, in the context of language learning, they perform weakly in productive and verbal skills. This study investigated whether a social, meta-cognitive, and problem-solving skills چکیده کامل

The problems of epileptic EFL learners are more serious than those of normal learners. Mostly, in the context of language learning, they perform weakly in productive and verbal skills. This study investigated whether a social, meta-cognitive, and problem-solving skills training package affects foreign language anxiety, and vocabulary learning of epileptic EFL learners. The participants were selected through purposive sampling from among those referring to the Long Term Video EEG Monitoring Center in Kerman. To collect the data, the FL Anxiety Scale, TOEFL Vocabulary Test, Quick Placement Test, and the Social, Meta-cognitive, and Problem-solving Skills Training Package were recruited. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, and ANCOVA were run. The findings of the study showed that the effectiveness of the mentioned training package on Iranian epileptic EFL learners’ FL anxiety and vocabulary learning in online was more effective than in the traditional context. The results have implications for the epileptic EFL learners and EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله

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112 - Understanding Iranian EFL Pre-Service Teachers' Professional Agency: An Ecological Approach
Saemeh Arabahmadi Omid Mazandarani Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei

10.30486/relp.2023.1981182.1442

This study aimed to investigate the sense of professional agency of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pre-service teachers at Farhangian University, Iran. The study aimed to examine changes in teacher agency across Farhangian University campuses using a newly-develope چکیده کامل

This study aimed to investigate the sense of professional agency of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pre-service teachers at Farhangian University, Iran. The study aimed to examine changes in teacher agency across Farhangian University campuses using a newly-developed survey that was part of a larger study. The survey assessed the professional agency of 210 pre-service teachers through convenience sampling in three dimensions, namely iterational, practical-evaluative, and projective dimensions. Based on the theoretical framework of ecological teacher agency, the pre-service teachers' agency questionnaire comprised instructional beliefs, supportive beliefs, competency, collaborative learning, the opportunity to influence, the opportunity to make choices, support, equality, trust, institutional context, community, short-term and long-term goals. The collected data were subjected to statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study observed a significant correlation between all major elements of pre-service teachers' professional agency. Notably, senior students perceived as having higher agency than freshman students. However, no significant gender effects were observed in achieving agency. In conclusion, this study suggests that the development of professional agency among student teachers is crucial for their overall performance as teachers. The study provides valuable insight into how teacher education programs can enhance student teachers' professional agency and offers recommendations for future research. پرونده مقاله

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113 - Collective Efficacy of TEFL Students in Collaborative Content Learning Classroom
Rogayeh Eslami Mahnaz Saeidi Touran Ahour

10.30486/relp.2023.1989303.1472

Collaborative content learning (CCL) has recently gained prominence in the research literature as a process of learning that contributes to effective learning of the content of the courses in EFL contexts. This quantitative ex-post facto research was conducted among TEF چکیده کامل

Collaborative content learning (CCL) has recently gained prominence in the research literature as a process of learning that contributes to effective learning of the content of the courses in EFL contexts. This quantitative ex-post facto research was conducted among TEFL students at the MA level selected based on purposive and convenience sampling. It was an attempt to investigate the attitudes of TEFL students toward the contribution of CCL to collective efficacy (CE). To this end, sixty male and female participants in the master's program participated in the study. The participants have already been exposed to implementing CCL based on its principles and have been familiar with the underlying assumptions of CCL. Statistical analysis of students' responses to the CE questionnaire revealed that most learners believe that CE in CCL is important in EFL teaching and learning context, and learners have positive attitudes towards working collaboratively on the content. They stated that working collaboratively on the content positively changes their group members' learning and leads to successful learning because it encourages them when a similar group successfully conducts a task. The study's findings suggest the beneficial role of CCL in raising students' awareness of skillful collaboration for maximum learning of the content and for their CE. پرونده مقاله

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114 - Effects of Social Networking on Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Acquisition
Fatemeh Khansarian-Dehkordi Ahmad Ameri-Golestan

The study aimed to scrutinize social networking effects on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Eighty Iranian EFL learners at the intermediate level participated in a pretest-posttest study after taking the placement test. They were then divided into an چکیده کامل

The study aimed to scrutinize social networking effects on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Eighty Iranian EFL learners at the intermediate level participated in a pretest-posttest study after taking the placement test. They were then divided into an experimental group whose participants were supposed to equip their mobile phones or tablet PCs with a social networking application, that is, Line and form an online group to take part in eighteen virtual instructional sessions. Participants of the control group, however, underwent classroom learning during which target words were presented through routine classroom activities. Results of the independent-samples t-test in the posttest indicated that participants of the experimental group outperformed those of the control group. Results have important implications for both pedagogy and theory, especially socio-cultural theories of second language development. پرونده مقاله

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115 - رابطه بین سبک‌های یادگیری و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان دختردبیرستانی شهر اصفهان
جهانبخش رحمانی مینا ازلی

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ارتباط بین سبک یادگیری دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی و پیشرفت تحصیلی آنان بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 3483 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دختر دبیرستانی ناحیه 5 اصفهان در سال تحصیلی89 ـ 88 می‌شود که تعداد 350 نفر آنان با استفاده از جدول تعیین حجم نمونه کرجسی و مورگان چکیده کامل

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ارتباط بین سبک یادگیری دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی و پیشرفت تحصیلی آنان بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 3483 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دختر دبیرستانی ناحیه 5 اصفهان در سال تحصیلی89 ـ 88 می‌شود که تعداد 350 نفر آنان با استفاده از جدول تعیین حجم نمونه کرجسی و مورگانبه عنوان نمونه و به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی چند مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی ـ پیمایشی و ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه شاخص سبک‌های یادگیری فلدر و سولومان بود. ضرایب پایایی پرسشنامه به روش باز آزمایی برای بعد حسی ـ شهودی 86/0،بعد فعال ـ تأملی 84/0، بعد دیداری ـ کلامی 86/0 و برای بعد متوالی ـ کلی 82/0 به دست آمد. روایی پرسشنامه توسط فلدر و ساپرلین تأیید شده است. با استفاده از روش‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چند گانه داده‌ها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که سبک یادگیری شهودی با پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان رشته ادبیات، و سبک یادگیری کلی با پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان رشته تجربی رابطه معنادار دارد. سایر سبک‌های یادگیری رابطه معناداری را با پیشرفت تحصیلی نشان نداد. تحلیل رگرسیون چند گانه نشان داد که بهترین پیش بینی کننده پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان در رشته ادبیات، سبک یادگیری شهودی و در رشته علوم تجربی سبک یادگیری کلی است. پرونده مقاله

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116 -
Azizeh Chalak Parviz Birjandi S. Esmail Hosseini Ahmad Reza Jafari Dehkordi Omid Tabatabaei Sondos Mansouri Amir Farzad Ashouri Mansour Koosha Sahar Najarzadegan Ahmad Reza Lotfi MohammadAli Nadi Mohsen Salimian Fakhri Shatalebi Nader Soleimani Mansoor Tavakoli Omid Tabatabaei Hossein Bagheri Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Zahra Fotovatnia GholamReza Akbari Behrouz Nouri Samani Safura Masaeli GholamReza Zareie Naser Abasszadeh Narges Saeedian

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117 - برآورد رطوبت خاک با استفاده از مدل رقومی پستی و بلندی زمین
حسن رضایی مقدم محسن حسینعلی زاده واحد بردی شیخ رویا جعفری

این پژوهش در زیر حوزه غربی شهرک بهزیستی در استان گلستان به منظور ایجاد مدل های رگرسیون رطوبت خاک صورت گرفته است. در این پژوهش رطوبت با استفاده از دستگاه انعکاس سنج زمانی (TDR) در 18 نقطه و 6 روز متوالی بعد از بارندگی قابل توجه در اعماق مختلف خاک اندازه گیری شد. سپس مدل چکیده کامل

این پژوهش در زیر حوزه غربی شهرک بهزیستی در استان گلستان به منظور ایجاد مدل های رگرسیون رطوبت خاک صورت گرفته است. در این پژوهش رطوبت با استفاده از دستگاه انعکاس سنج زمانی (TDR) در 18 نقطه و 6 روز متوالی بعد از بارندگی قابل توجه در اعماق مختلف خاک اندازه گیری شد. سپس مدل رقومی ارتفاع منطقه از تصاویر اول تراکم تهیه شده در سال 1393 در پیکسل هایی به ابعاد 1×1 متر تهیه گردید و از روی آن ویژگی های پستی و بلندی محاسبه شد. در نهایت مدل های رگرسیون بین این ویژگی ها و رطوبت خاک تهیه شد. نتایج نشان می دهد از خصوصیات پستی و بلندی مهم که با رطوبت خاک ارتباط بیشتری داشته و در مدل رگرسیونی وارد شده اند، می توان به انحنای افقی، جهت شیب، شاخص خیسی اشاره کرد. این نتایج مؤید این است که انحراف جریان مواد، مقدار آب موجود در خاک و جهت شیب ، رطوبت خاک را کنترل کرده است. نتایج نشان می دهد مدل های به دست آمده در مقیاس حوزه آبخیز از حداقل 44 تا حداکثر 60 درصد از کل تغییرات رطوبت خاک را پیش بینی می کند. پرونده مقاله

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118 - ارزیابی عملکرد چراغ‌های راهنمایی هوشمند مبتنی بر الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب در یک سیستم کنترل تطبیقی
فریبا جباری مهدی فلاح تفتی

در این پژوهش به بررسی سیستم‌های کنترل چراغ راهنمایی تطبیقی جهت کنترل ترافیک تقاطعات پرداخته شده است. برای این منظور از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب جهت توزیع زمان سبز میان رویکردها استفاده شد که به بهینه‌سازی میزان گذردهی خودروها از تقاطع و طول صف رویکردهای تقاطع می‌پردازد و در چکیده کامل

در این پژوهش به بررسی سیستم‌های کنترل چراغ راهنمایی تطبیقی جهت کنترل ترافیک تقاطعات پرداخته شده است. برای این منظور از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب جهت توزیع زمان سبز میان رویکردها استفاده شد که به بهینه‌سازی میزان گذردهی خودروها از تقاطع و طول صف رویکردهای تقاطع می‌پردازد و در نهایت منجر به بهبود عملکرد ترافیک در تقاطع‌ها می‌گردد. همچنین جهت بررسی الگوریتم پیشنهادی، به آماربرداری از دو تقاطع شهر یزد و شبیه‌سازی آنها در نرم افزار شبیه‌ساز AIMSUN پرداخته شد. سپس این تقاطع‌ها برای شرایط موجود کالیبره و اعتبارسنجی شدند. آنگاه الگوریتم مذبور بر آن اعمال گردید و عملکرد آن با سیستم کنترل با زمان‌بندی ثابت مقایسه گردید. همچنین جهت اطمینان از اختلاف میانگین معنادار شاخص‌های ارزیابی طول صف و گذردهی تقاطع بین روش پیشنهادی و روش زمان ثابت، از آزمون t استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد روش پیشنهادی که در زمره کنترل تطبیقی چراغ راهنمایی تقاطع‌ها قرار می‌گیرد دارای عملکرد بهتری نسبت به روش کنترل زمان ثابت در تقاطع‌های منفرد است. پرونده مقاله

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119 - روشی نوین جهت خوشه بندی داده مبتنی بر ترکیب الگوریتم‌های بهینه‌سازی ژنتیک و کرم شب‌تاب
مهسا افسردیر منصوره افسردیر

یکی ازمسائل مهم درداده‌کاوی خوشه‌بندی است که بدون هدف ازپیش تعیین شده‌ای داده‌ها را بر اساس شباهت درون خوشه‌ها تقسیم‌بندی می‌کند. از روش‌های متداول خوشه‌بندی الگوریتم k-means است که بادریافت ورودی، داده‌هارابه k خوشه تقسیم‌بندی می‌کند. یکی ازمعایب این روش حساسیت به شرای چکیده کامل

یکی ازمسائل مهم درداده‌کاوی خوشه‌بندی است که بدون هدف ازپیش تعیین شده‌ای داده‌ها را بر اساس شباهت درون خوشه‌ها تقسیم‌بندی می‌کند. از روش‌های متداول خوشه‌بندی الگوریتم k-means است که بادریافت ورودی، داده‌هارابه k خوشه تقسیم‌بندی می‌کند. یکی ازمعایب این روش حساسیت به شرایط اولیه است که منجربه کاهش دقت درخوشه‌بندی می‌شود. از روش‌های بهبود عملکرد k-means می‌توان استفاده ازالگوریتم‌های فراابتکاری را نام برد. در این پژوهش به دو روش بهینه‌سازی ژنتیک و کرم شب‌تاب پرداخته شده است و الگوریتم جدیدی تحت عنوان الگوریتم ژنتیکی کرم‌شب‌تاب جهت بهینه‌سازی خوشه‌بندی k-means ارائه شده است. الگوریتم کرم‌شب‌تاب از الگوریتم‌های هوش جمعی است که از ویژگی نورچشمک زن کرم‌شب‌تاب الهام گرفته است و الگوریتم ژنتیک نوعی از الگوریتم‌های فراابتکاری است که از تکنیک-های زیست‌شناسی مانند وراثت و جهش استفاده می‌کند. در الگوریتم k-means برای اینکه مراکز خوشه به صورت تصادفی انتخاب می شوند، خوشه‌بندی دقت لازم را ندارد. با استفاده از الگوریتم‌های فراابتکاری سعی در بدست آوردن مراکز دقیق خوشه‌ها داشته و در نتیجه آن، خوشه-بندی صحیح می‌باشیم. در روش پیشنهادی، ابتدا الگوریتم k-means را روی داده‌های ورودی اجراکرده و خوشه‌بندی انجام می‌شود. سپس مضربی از مراکز خوشه که دراین الگوریتم بدست آمده است را به عنوان حد پایین و حد بالای الگوریتم پیشنهادی استفاده می‌کنیم. جمعیت اولیه به صورت تصادفی بین حد پایین و حد بالا تولید می‌شود. در حلقه اصلی الگوریتم جمعیت را به دو دسته جمعیت مساوی تقسیم می نماییم، بر روی دسته اول الگوریتم ژنتیک را اجرا می‌کنیم، بر روی دسته دوم بر اساس الگوریتم کرم‌شب‌تاب موقعیت‌های جدید را بدست می‌آوریم. حال جمعیت قبلی و جمعیت جدید بدست امده از الگوریتم ژنتیک و جمعیت جدید بدست امده از الگوریتم کرم‌شب‌تاب را تلفیق کرده وآن‌ها را از خوب به بد مرتب می‌کنیم و به تعداد مورد نیاز از آن‌ها را انتخاب و به ابتدای حلقه می‌رویم. این فرایند را تا برقراری شرط توقف ادامه می‌دهیم. درپایان الگوریتم k-means، الگوریتم کرم‌ شب‌تاب، الگوریتم ژنتیک و الگوریتم پیشنهادی بر روی سه مجموعه داده اعمال شده و نتایج مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است.نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که الگوریتم ژنتیکی کرم‌شب‌تاب عملکرد بهتری در مقایسه با سایر روش‌ها داشته است. پرونده مقاله

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120 - بررسی اثرات فیزیولوژیک و رفتاری ناشی از تغذیه لارو کنه آرگاس رفلکسوس بر روی موش سفید آزمایشگاهی
فرید رضایی مریم کریمی دهکردی فروغ خاوران

ز زمینه و هدف: آرگاس رفلکسوس یا کنه کبوتر کنه‌ای نرم از جنس آرگاس است. این کنه انگل خارجی طیور است که اغلب از خون کبوتر‌ها تغذیه می‌کند و یکی از مهم‌ترین اکتوپارازیت‌های کبوتر است که می‌تواند سلامت انسان‌ها را نیز به خطر بیاندازد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات فیزیولو چکیده کامل

ز زمینه و هدف: آرگاس رفلکسوس یا کنه کبوتر کنه‌ای نرم از جنس آرگاس است. این کنه انگل خارجی طیور است که اغلب از خون کبوتر‌ها تغذیه می‌کند و یکی از مهم‌ترین اکتوپارازیت‌های کبوتر است که می‌تواند سلامت انسان‌ها را نیز به خطر بیاندازد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات فیزیولوژیک و رفتاری ناشی از تغذیه لارو کنه آرگاس رفلکسوس بر روی موش سفید آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. روش کار: پس از جمع‌آوری کنه های آرگاس رفلکسوس و تولید آزمایشگاهی لارو آن ها، موش&lrm;ها در سه تیمار به وسیله ی 30، 40 و 50 لارو به ترتیب آلوده شدند و در هر تیمار 5 عدد از موش ها مورد درمان قرار گرفتند. علایم فیزیولوژیک ایجاد شده نظیر تغییرات وزن و دما، تغییرات رفتاری و علائم جلدی به صورت روزانه بررسی و ثبت شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش تعداد لاروها جهت آلوده سازی موش‌های آزمایشگاهی شدت و حدت علائم نیز افزایش می‌یابد. هم چنین به نظر می‌رسد که علاوه بر تعداد لارو آلوده کننده هر چه مدت زمان تغذیه لاروها بر روی بدن حیوانات آزمایشگاهی طولانی‌تر باشد، شدت علائم بالینی و جلدی و پایداری آن ها نیز بیشتر خواهد بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به تمام اطلاعات موجود باید به خطرات ناشی از حضور این کنه در پرندگان به عنوان میزبان اصلی این کنه و هم چنین در محل زندگی انسان‌ها توجه نمود و تدوین برنامه‌های کنترلی و پیشگیرانه علیه این کنه ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. پرونده مقاله

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121 - تأملی بر تأویلات داستان یوسف (ع) در متون عرفانی بر پایه امهات متون نظم از قرن ششم تا نهم
لیلا مدیری محمد ابراهیم مالمیر

داستان پیامبران یکی از مهترین دستمایه های عرفا برای بیان مضامین وافکارمتعالی انسان سازاست.دراین میان داستان یوسف (ع) ازویژگی خاصی برخورداراست .درمیان سرگذشت پیامبران ، قصه یوسف (ع) به واسطه حوادث واتفاقات خاصی که درزندگی اورخ داده، وجوه عرفانی فراوانی دارد ، به صورت تمث چکیده کامل

داستان پیامبران یکی از مهترین دستمایه های عرفا برای بیان مضامین وافکارمتعالی انسان سازاست.دراین میان داستان یوسف (ع) ازویژگی خاصی برخورداراست .درمیان سرگذشت پیامبران ، قصه یوسف (ع) به واسطه حوادث واتفاقات خاصی که درزندگی اورخ داده، وجوه عرفانی فراوانی دارد ، به صورت تمثیلی یا تاویلی بیان شده است . ان داستان نزد عرفا سیروسلوک روح است. دراین مقاله سیرروحانی روح را اززمان گرفتارشدن درقهرچاه جسم ودنیاتارسیدن به اوج آسمان درقالب داستان یوسف(ع) همراه بامهترین تاویل هایی که ذیل شخصیتها وحوادث قصه نقل شده ، درمتون نظم عرفانی ازقرن ششم تاقرن نهم مورد نقدوتحلیل قرارداده است. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

122 - سبع هشتم، حقیقتی اسرارآمیز تا تعبیری طنزآمیز (بررسی معنای اصطلاحی «سبع هشتم» در ادبیات عرفانی)
فاطمه عسکری سیدحسین سیدی

حقیقت انسان به لحاظ ادراک و آگاهی دریایی عمیق و ژرف است که انسان بالقوه توانایی دستیابی به دیگر سطوح آگاهی و ادراک را دارد و چگونگی بازتاب و بحث در آن از جایگاه گسترده و وسیعی در میان تعابیر و مفاهیم گوناگون قرآنی، و به ویژه در زمینه ادبیات عرفان اسلامی برخوردار است چکیده کامل

حقیقت انسان به لحاظ ادراک و آگاهی دریایی عمیق و ژرف است که انسان بالقوه توانایی دستیابی به دیگر سطوح آگاهی و ادراک را دارد و چگونگی بازتاب و بحث در آن از جایگاه گسترده و وسیعی در میان تعابیر و مفاهیم گوناگون قرآنی، و به ویژه در زمینه ادبیات عرفان اسلامی برخوردار است. در برخی از شواهدی از آثار ادیبان و سالکان، واژگانی چون: «سبع هشتم» دیده میشود که تاکنون چگونگی معنای اصطلاحی و مفهومی آن محل بحث و اختلاف بوده است. ازطرف دیگر، بررسی این مدخل، بهعنوان یک اصطلاح عرفانی و ادبی مورد توجّه و تحقیق فرهنگ نامههای اصطلاحی و عرفانی نبودهاست. هدف از این تحقیق، آن است که با مطالعه نمونه موردی در معنای لغوی، و بهویژه اصطلاحی و مفهومی مدخل «سبع هشتم» و نیز اثبات و تحلیل چگونگی جایگاه آن در زمینه ادبیات عرفانی، بتواند بهنوعی اهمّیت توجّه و ذکر این مدخل را در فرهنگ نامهها و لغت نامهها، بهویژه در زمینه اصطلاحات عرفانی معاصر متذکّر شود. پرونده مقاله

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123 - انسان از دیدگاه سیّد عمادالدّین نسیمی
علی رمضانی مریم محمدزاده رسول عبادی

اساس جهان‎بینی و محوری‎ترین مفهوم در نزد فرقۀ حروفیّه این است که انسان می‌تواند مظهر و صورت مجسّم خداوند باشد. تلاش حروفیّه و کلّ عرفان سیّدعمادالدّین نسیمی به عنوان مبارزترین، داناترین و موفّق‎ترین متفکّر و شاعر این فرقه مبتنی بر یک رکن اساسی است آن انسان و شناخت نیروه چکیده کامل

اساس جهان‎بینی و محوری‎ترین مفهوم در نزد فرقۀ حروفیّه این است که انسان می‌تواند مظهر و صورت مجسّم خداوند باشد. تلاش حروفیّه و کلّ عرفان سیّدعمادالدّین نسیمی به عنوان مبارزترین، داناترین و موفّق‎ترین متفکّر و شاعر این فرقه مبتنی بر یک رکن اساسی است آن انسان و شناخت نیروهای خلّاق اوست. جایگاه انسان در نزد نسیمی بسیار رفیع است؛ خدا یا هیچچیز دیگر را نمی‌توان شناخت مگر از طریق انسان.در این نوشتار با آوردن نمونه‌هایی در قالب عناوین: اسم اعظم، عالم صغیر، قرآن مجسّم و سبع‌المثانی، لوح محفوظ، کتاب‌الله ناطق، گنج مخفی، کن فکان، ذات اشیا، اسم و مسمّا، نفس رحمانی، شاهد زیبا، اناالحق نسیمی و...به تبین اندیشه‌های انسان‌شناسی سیّدعمادالدّین نسیمی یکی از شگفت‌انگیزترین چهره‌های ادبی سرزمین‌مان پرداخته شده است. پرونده مقاله

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124 - «سیمای پیر در سلوک عارفانۀ عطار و مولوی»
رضا حیدری نوری سید علی محمد سجادی

در مکتب عرفان و تصوّف، هدف سالک الی الله، شناخت حقیقت و اتصال به ذات لایزال الهی است، سلوک اهل معرفت بدون ارشاد پیر و مرشد راه دان و آگاه، به سرانجام نمی‌رسد. در اندیشۀ عارفانۀ عطّار و مولوی، نقش پیر در هدایت سالک خداجو، مهمترین عنصر وصول به حقیقت محسوب می‌شود. از دید چکیده کامل

در مکتب عرفان و تصوّف، هدف سالک الی الله، شناخت حقیقت و اتصال به ذات لایزال الهی است، سلوک اهل معرفت بدون ارشاد پیر و مرشد راه دان و آگاه، به سرانجام نمی‌رسد. در اندیشۀ عارفانۀ عطّار و مولوی، نقش پیر در هدایت سالک خداجو، مهمترین عنصر وصول به حقیقت محسوب می‌شود. از دیدگاه آن‌ها، مصاحبت با شیخ و مرشد راز دان، داروی شفا بخش بیماری های جسمانی و روحانی، و اکسیر تحوّل وجود سالک محسوب می گردد. او، مرید را در سلوک نفسانی، یاری می‌دهد. تا مسیر طریقت را از مرحلۀ انقطاع از هستی، تا فناء فی الله ، که غایت سیر الی الله است، بپیماید. از منظر عطّار و مولانا، پیر، کلید باب نجات، سایۀ حق، تجلی گاه اسماء و صفات الهی، آیینۀ حقیقت، آگاه از اسرار و رموز هستی، نایب حق، جاسوس دلها، و قادر بر تصرّف در عالم بشمار می‌آید. او، با عنایت حق، به فنای اوصاف و افعال و ذات خود پرداخته است، و آینۀ صاف وجودش، منعکس کنندۀ انوار الهی، و روشن‌کنندۀ مسیر سلوک سالکان الی الله است. پرونده مقاله

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125 - بازتاب تجلّیات جمالی و جلالی حق در آیینة اشعار شهریار
لیلا زارع سلماسی

تجلّی ذات مطلق هستی و انواع آن در کسوت اسما و صفات جمالی و جلالی، همچون اندیشة عرفانی وحدت وجود، از جملة موضوعات مهم عرفانی است که با تأسّی از مکتب عرفانی ابن عربی، در آیینة اشعار شعرای عرفانی بازتاب وسیعی داشته است. و در آیینة اشعار شهریار هم با تأسّی از شعرا و عرفای پ چکیده کامل

تجلّی ذات مطلق هستی و انواع آن در کسوت اسما و صفات جمالی و جلالی، همچون اندیشة عرفانی وحدت وجود، از جملة موضوعات مهم عرفانی است که با تأسّی از مکتب عرفانی ابن عربی، در آیینة اشعار شعرای عرفانی بازتاب وسیعی داشته است. و در آیینة اشعار شهریار هم با تأسّی از شعرا و عرفای پیشین بخصوص حافظ شیرازی، که از همه لحاظ تحت تأثیر افکار و اندیشه های عاشقانه -عارفانه حافظ واقع گردیده است، در کسوت اندام های لطف آمیز و قهر آمیز معشوق و در شکل و صورت ادبی (عاشقانه-عارفانه) و شخصیّت های اساطیری، تاریخی، داستانی، مذهبی و غیره که هر کدام به نوعی مظهر و نماد تجلّی اسما و صفات جمالی و جلالی معشوق ازلی هستند، بازتاب گسترده ای داشته است و کمتر غزل عرفانی از شهریار را می توان یافت که در آن به تجلّیات جمالی و جلالی اشاره ای نشده باشد. این نوشتار به بحث و تفحّص در این زمینه در اشعار شهریار، با ذکر شواهدی از دیگر شعرای عارف پرداخته است. پرونده مقاله

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126 - CAT Tools in Translation Proficiency Development: Iranian EFL Students' Perceptions in Focus
Zahra Sadat Khadem Olhosseiny Mohammad Iman Askari

This research investigated the perceptions of Iranian EFL students regarding the use of Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools and explored the aspects the tools that contributed to their proficiency development. An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was adop چکیده کامل

This research investigated the perceptions of Iranian EFL students regarding the use of Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools and explored the aspects the tools that contributed to their proficiency development. An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was adopted to fulfil the objectives of the study by concerning a focus-group interview and a self-report questionnaire for which a total number of 112 students majoring in translation studies were purposively selected. The participants, enrolled in translation programs at various universities across Iran, represented diverse backgrounds, language pairs, and levels of experience. The study commenced with focus group interviews with a subset of participants to gather in-depth insights into their experiences and attitudes towards CAT tools. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data collected from the interviews. With reference to the data gathered through the interviews, an adapted thematic-based Likert scale questionnaire was applied to assess participants' perceptions of CAT tools considering usage patterns, perceived benefits and challenges. The questionnaire was cross-validated according to the first phase data analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha. The findings revealed that students held a generally positive perception of CAT tools, recognizing their potential in enhancing translation proficiency development. CAT tools were identified as effective tools for increasing productivity and efficiency, ensuring improved consistency in translations, saving time and costs, enhancing quality assurance, and facilitating collaboration and teamwork. The study suggested pedagogical implications for translation education via integrating CAT tool training into the curriculum for a better preparation of the students to meet their proficient and professional demands. پرونده مقاله

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127 - The Relationship between Home-Culture Attachment and EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension
Leila Anjomshoa Fatemeh Talebizadeh

10.30495/jntell.2023.1980507.1049

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between home-culture attachment and EFL learners’ reading comprehension. It was a correlational survey using a questionnaire and a test to explore the relationship between home-culture attachment and EFL lear چکیده کامل

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between home-culture attachment and EFL learners’ reading comprehension. It was a correlational survey using a questionnaire and a test to explore the relationship between home-culture attachment and EFL learners' reading comprehension. To fulfil the objectives of the study, 90 EFL learners at Kerman Azad University participated in this study. They were selected based on their language proficiency level and completed a home-culture attachment questionnaire developed by Pishghadam et al. (2013). The native language of the participants of the study was Persian and they were students of English literature, translation, and teaching. The findings showed that there was a negative relationship between home-culture attachment and learners’ reading comprehension. Analysis of the data showed significant negative correlations between EFL learners' religious and artistic attachments and reading comprehension. An increase in home-culture attachment and its sub-scales (religious attachment & artistic attachment) led to a decrease in reading comprehension, and religious attachment and artistic attachment predicted learners’ reading comprehension. Therefore, to minimize attachment to home culture and optimize reading effectiveness in educational contexts, teachers, students, and curriculum designers should increase student readiness and receptivity to target cultures must be considered. پرونده مقاله

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128 - Effects of Different Modes of Spacing on Iranian EFL Learners' Lexical Knowledge Development: Proficiency Levels in Focus
Mehrdad Mohebi Omid Tabatabaei Hadi Salehi Melor Yunus

10.30495/jntell.2023.1973341.1030

این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر فاصله گذاری بر توسعه واژگانی با تمرکز بر سطح مهارت زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته است. شرکت کنندگان 120 زبان آموز انگلیسی 22 تا 26 ساله بودند که در چندین موسسه انگلیسی در اصفهان مشغول به تحصیل بودند. برای جمع آوری داده های مورد نیاز از سه آزمون است چکیده کامل

این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر فاصله گذاری بر توسعه واژگانی با تمرکز بر سطح مهارت زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته است. شرکت کنندگان 120 زبان آموز انگلیسی 22 تا 26 ساله بودند که در چندین موسسه انگلیسی در اصفهان مشغول به تحصیل بودند. برای جمع آوری داده های مورد نیاز از سه آزمون استفاده شد. ابتدا از OQPT برای قرار دادن زبان آموزان با توانایی های زبانی مشابه در یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج OQPT، هر گروه به دو زیر گروه شامل 30 یادگیرنده با مهارت بالا و 30 زبان‌آموز با مهارت پایین تقسیم شدند. سپس پیش آزمونی برای ارزیابی دانش واژگان زبان آموزان EFL انجام شد. فراگیران در هر دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش واژگان یکسان اما به روش های متفاوت دریافت کردند. به گروه‌های آزمایشی کلمات جدید از طریق آموزش فاصله داده شد، در حالی که گروه‌های کنترل از طریق آموزش انبوه دریافت کردند. کلاس های فاصله گذاری هفته ای یک بار در هفت هفته و کلاس های انبوه در یک جلسه در هفته هشتم برگزار می شد. در طول پس آزمون، محقق یک آزمون پیشرفت طراحی کرد و پس از درمان آن را اجرا کرد. نتایج به منظور تعیین میزان بهبود واژگان شرکت کنندگان مقایسه و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از آموزش‌های فاصله‌دار باعث می‌شود که فراگیران با مهارت بالا به‌طور معنی‌داری بر زبان‌آموزان کم‌تسلط برتری داشته باشند. از آنجایی که فاصله گذاری به طور گسترده ای به عنوان تأثیر مثبت بر یادگیری و حافظه بلند مدت شناخته شده است (Cepeda et al., 2006)، بنابراین می توان آن را برای توسعه دهندگان برنامه درسی و طراحان برنامه درسی در تصمیم گیری برای قرار دادن واژگان جدید در یک دوره مفید یافت. یا یک کتاب پرونده مقاله

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129 - The Role of Critical Thinking Disposition in Enhancing Argumentative Writing Skill: Iranian EFL Teachers’ and Learners’ Perspective
Shaho Hoorijani Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Mohsen Masoomi

10.30495/jntell.2022.697729

This study investigated the attitude of the Iranian EFL teachers and learners toward the role of critical thinking disposition in enhancing argumentative writing in the Iranian EFL context at Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan branch. Attitude plays an important role th چکیده کامل

This study investigated the attitude of the Iranian EFL teachers and learners toward the role of critical thinking disposition in enhancing argumentative writing in the Iranian EFL context at Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan branch. Attitude plays an important role that affecting language learning, especially writing skills in an EFL context like Iran. In this descriptive study, 14 EFL teachers and 80 EFL learners both males and females were selected based on a random sampling method. The data were gathered based on a survey approach, by using the online CCTDI questionnaire. To answer the research questions of this study and uncover the attitude of EFL teachers and learners towards the treatment, the responses the to CCTDI online questionnaire were coded and analyzed. The results indicated that teachers and learners had positive attitudes towards all components of CCTDI. They represented a highly positive disposition towards truth-seeking and inquisitiveness. Results of the study revealed that of the EFL teachers and learners have a positive attitude regarding English language teaching and learning. Another finding of the study was that, having favorable perspective toward English did not enhance their proficiency in learning English. It is hoped that the findings of this study help teacher and learners learn about critical thinking principles they will apply prudent judgment, challenge the improbable, pursue difficulties, establish alternatives, use tactics, consider alternative perspectives, and attempt to be objective. پرونده مقاله

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130 - Exploring EFL teachers’ Intercultural competence and Intercultural sensitivity Level: The Story of Teachers’ Experience
Sina Khalili Mohammad Mohammadi

10.30495/jntell.2023.1991817.1074

AbstractIntercultural communicative competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) have attracted the attention of a number of researchers in the field of foreign language teaching and learning. Like many other studies carried out by far, the present study tries to چکیده کامل

AbstractIntercultural communicative competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) have attracted the attention of a number of researchers in the field of foreign language teaching and learning. Like many other studies carried out by far, the present study tries to explore EFL teachers’ (with short- and long-term teaching experiences) ICC (intercultural communicative competence) and IS (intercultural sensitivity) levels and measure them in practice through administering two questionnaires to discover Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions or beliefs in understanding ICC and intercultural sensitivity. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, via a quantitative and descriptive design; a sample of 170 EFL teachers with short (N=82)- and long-term teaching experiences (N=88) from different language institutes and high schools in West Azerbaijan province was selected to fill out the two ICC and IS questionnaires. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that both groups of Iranian EFL teachers paid special attention to ICC and IS. It also turned out that the two groups of teachers (with short term teaching experience and long-term teaching experience) were not significantly different in terms of ICC and IS levels. To put it another way, though all EFL teachers were aware of the concepts of ICC and IS and their importance in their teaching practices, they paid attention to the concept of culture. The pedagogical implications of the study are discussed. پرونده مقاله

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131 - Effect of Reading-based Activities on Vocabulary Learning: Pre-intermediate EFL Learners in Focus
Akram Shekarian Behzadi Azar Bagheri Masoudzade

10.30495/jntell.2022.697359

The present research examined the effect of reading-based activities on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. To do this, 57 students of a language institute in Kerman were selected based on available sampling. After homogenizing them, 50 pre-intermediate stu چکیده کامل

The present research examined the effect of reading-based activities on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. To do this, 57 students of a language institute in Kerman were selected based on available sampling. After homogenizing them, 50 pre-intermediate students were put into two groups (25 students in each group). The study is a quasi-experimental one and the students took the pretest and posttest of vocabulary knowledge. These tests contained two parts: The first part pertained to the comprehension of vocabulary multiple-choice items; the second part was associated with production of vocabulary consisting of fill-in-the-blank items. Both tests were extracted from their textbook. The students of the experimental group were provided with related reading activities. The reading activities required the students pre-read passages at home that relate to the reading comprehension activities during classroom on the following day, and the reading engages the students to pre-read passages before the reading activity. However, the students of the control group received the traditional instruction on vocabulary and they were not given any related reading activities. At the end of term, the post test was administered and the collected data was descriptively and inferentially analyzed. The results revealed that reading-based activities had a significant effect on pre-intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. The finding indicates the value of reading-based activities leads the researchers to focus on increasing learners’ vocabulary in EFL classrooms through designing a variety of tasks. پرونده مقاله

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132 - Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Attitude and Preferences for Oral error correction
Kamran Rabani EbrahimiPour

10.30495/jntell.2023.1985236.1061

EFL teachers are suggested to investigate learners’ beliefs and preferences for oral error correction, an integral part of language teaching, to either adopt them or raise learners’ awareness in case their perceptions and preferences oppose the findings rega چکیده کامل

EFL teachers are suggested to investigate learners’ beliefs and preferences for oral error correction, an integral part of language teaching, to either adopt them or raise learners’ awareness in case their perceptions and preferences oppose the findings regarding effective learning. Although Iranian EFL learners’ attitude and preferences for different aspects of oral error treatment have been relatively addressed, some mixed results were obtained. Using a quantitative descriptive design, the current study sought to extend this line of research by investigating the attitudes and preferences of 756 Iranian EFL learners regarding the existence of oral errors, oral error correction timing, provider, categories, and techniques. The findings revealed that EFL learners had positive attitude towards oral error correction. In details, a large number of learners had a preference for oral error correction most of the time. Moreover immediate teacher correction was favored by most subjects. Moreover, nearly half of the participants favored self-correction while most expressed dislike for peer error treatment. The findings concerning error treatment types and techniques, showed that EFL learners favored different types and techniques of oral error treatment among which a subtype of metalinguistic clues where teacher provides information or hints to correction and a subtype of clarification request in which teacher asks why the learner used the word or the structure were the most and least favorite ones respectively. The findings might help stakeholders gain a better understanding of learners ' attitudes and preferences for oral error treatment . پرونده مقاله

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133 - Effect of Music in Grammar Teaching on EFL Students' Motivation and Achievement
Shahla Iranpour

10.30495/jntell.2022.697397

The purpose of this study is to find out, what is the role of music involved in the process of teaching grammar, on high school girl students' grammatical knowledge in Parvin high school in Orzuieh. To fulfill this aim, a process has been followed through utilizing musi چکیده کامل

The purpose of this study is to find out, what is the role of music involved in the process of teaching grammar, on high school girl students' grammatical knowledge in Parvin high school in Orzuieh. To fulfill this aim, a process has been followed through utilizing music as a treatment device for intended English class in Parvin high school in Orzuieh. The traditional method of teaching grammar pursued at the beginning of semester later on teaching grammar inaugurated with involving music in the course of teaching to find out if the researcher came up with the same outcomes in these two teaching methods or not. The results of the study indicated a significant difference about students' grammatical knowledge, moving from pretest phase to posttest after involvement of music in teaching grammar. This study will suggest that music and song can contribute to effective language learning by enriching the classroom environment, and presenting teaching materials through music can be fruitful and rewarding. پرونده مقاله

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134 - Effect of Technology and Online Learning on EFL Learners' Writing Achievement and Their Self- Concept
Niloofar Salajeghe Samira Hasani

10.30495/jntell.2022.697772

The present study attempted to probe the effectiveness of online learning on Iranian EFL learners' self-concept. It also analyzed the effect of online learning on the EFL learners' writing achievement. To do this, a total number of 50 students of pre-intermediate level چکیده کامل

The present study attempted to probe the effectiveness of online learning on Iranian EFL learners' self-concept. It also analyzed the effect of online learning on the EFL learners' writing achievement. To do this, a total number of 50 students of pre-intermediate level was selected based on available sampling. A pre-test of writing was administered to the participants at the beginning of the term to ensure that they had the same language background. Then, they were randomly assigned as experimental and control group (25 Ss in each group). Experimental group benefited from online learning through BBB, and other group with the same number of students regarded as control group and received conventional method of teaching. At the beginning of the term, pre questionnaire of self-concept published among students of EG. The research was done in eight sessions and in the last session, post-test of writing was assigned to both groups to determine whether online learning method had positively affected the EFL learners' achievement and their self-concept. Moreover, post questionnaire of self-concept was published among experimental group to analyze their self-concept in online learning context. Data analysis of tests and questionnaire revealed that online learning method had positive effect on the EFL students' writing achievement and their self-concept. It is hoped that the results of the research indicate the importance of online learning through the mentioned application in the educational system. پرونده مقاله

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135 - Analyzing Iranian Learners' English Language Quality Through Validating the Model of Criteria
Fatemeh Gorji Shahram Afraz Fazlolah Sammi

10.30495/jntell.2023.1975405.1037

The present study investigated Iranian English language quality through validating the model of criteria. More specifically, the study analyzed the most and the least important criteria for evaluating the English language quality of EFL learners. Also, the differences a چکیده کامل

The present study investigated Iranian English language quality through validating the model of criteria. More specifically, the study analyzed the most and the least important criteria for evaluating the English language quality of EFL learners. Also, the differences among males and females with regard to the English language quality were investigated. In doing so, a total number of 100 English teachers of different levels of proficiency were chosen. The researchers-made questionnaire was distributed among participants via Google. The process of analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaire was performed in two software, SPSS 21 and pls. In the quantitative part of descriptive statistics, numbers, percentages, central indicators, and dispersion indicators were used. In inferential statistics, a factor analysis test was done to confirm and validate the questionnaire and structural equation model. Findings of the present study revealed the most important criteria for analyzing the EFL students' language quality which are individual characteristics, learning strategy, and learning dynamics. The results also indicated that educational technology and content regulation as background conditions, are effective in assessing the English language quality of Iranian learners. Moreover, no significant difference found among Iranian males and females with regard to the English language quality. It should be noted that the implementation of this approach requires the necessary professional potentials and competencies. پرونده مقاله

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136 - Virtual Reality (VR) Assistive Technology Among EFL Learners With Expressive Language Disorder (ELD): Effectiveness, Feasibility, and Risks
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee

10.30495/jntell.2023.704591

Rooted in Assistive Technology Theory (AST), this qualitative study examined Virtual Reality (VR) as an assistive technology among EFL learners with Expressive Language Disorder (ELD) concerning its effectiveness, feasibility, and risks. Following a purposive sampling, چکیده کامل

Rooted in Assistive Technology Theory (AST), this qualitative study examined Virtual Reality (VR) as an assistive technology among EFL learners with Expressive Language Disorder (ELD) concerning its effectiveness, feasibility, and risks. Following a purposive sampling, 18 Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners with mild to moderate levels of ELD were selected and experienced a fully-immersive VR learning environment through Virtual-Reality Head-Mounted Displays (VR-HMDs) in which a series of learning nuggets focusing on speaking skills were VR-authored for 20 seventy-minute sessions. The data were thematically analyzed by Max Weber Qualitative Data Analysis (MAXQDA). The findings showed the factors constituting VR assistive technology concerning (A) effectiveness (ICT literacy, prejudgments, technophobia or technostress, motivation, and quality of VR equipment); (B) feasibility (academic infrastructure, equipment price, customization features, types of content or context, and training), and (C) risks (various VR-induced physical and mental symptoms). The outcomes may benefit TEFL, assistive and educational technology, and therapeutic education. پرونده مقاله

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137 - Fairness of an EFL test: the Case of the English Section of Konkour in Iran
Sanaz Behboudi Nazhame Massoud Siyyari Gholamreza Abbasian

Although many studies have documented the impact of fairness on enhancing students’ learning, only a few have been done in language learning situation in general and in the Iranian EFL context, in particular. Therefore, this study sought to investigate fairness in چکیده کامل

Although many studies have documented the impact of fairness on enhancing students’ learning, only a few have been done in language learning situation in general and in the Iranian EFL context, in particular. Therefore, this study sought to investigate fairness in the context of the Iranian General English University Entrance Examination (Konkoor) to see the extent to which it is a fair measure of the candidates’ English language ability in terms of admission requirements, format, structure, and content. The researchers developed a questionnaire called EUEE, containing two sections: a demographic box and close-ended items with a 5-point Likert-type scale asking respondents to express their opinions. The findings showed that while the majority of respondents agreed that the EUEE met the standards of corporate responsibility and no-test product services, there were significant concerns about its validity, fairness, reliability, test design, equating, linking, norming, cut score, test administration, scoring, reporting, and test takers’ rights and responsibilities. پرونده مقاله

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138 - The Relationships between Gender Identity and Teacher Success in Iranian EFL Context
Reza Afsharpour Ghasem Barani Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaie

The current study sought to investigate, from the perspectives of male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers, the relationships between gender identity and the success of EFL teachers. In order to achieve this goal, 420 EFL teachers—200 men and 2 چکیده کامل

The current study sought to investigate, from the perspectives of male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers, the relationships between gender identity and the success of EFL teachers. In order to achieve this goal, 420 EFL teachers—200 men and 220 women—participated in the study. The teachers were delivering English instruction at several language schools located in Alborz and Tehran. Convenience sampling was used to choose the participants. The design used in this study was correlational. The participants were given the Masculinity/Femininity Scale and the Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Scale to gather data. The participants completed the scales over the course of a month. Following data collection, the data was analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation technique. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between gender identity and the success of male and female teachers. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study. پرونده مقاله

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139 - Examining the Impact of Lexical Bundle Instruction on IELTS Candidates’ Writing Ability
Maryam Rafieyan Farzad Salahshoor Hanieh Davatgar

10.30495/jntell.2024.2003199.1088

The instruction of Lexical Bundles (LBs) has been a challenging issue in language teaching. This study strived to determine the effect of the instruction of LBs on IELTS candidates’ performance on IELTS writing task 2. To this end, first, 100 male and female IELTS candi چکیده کامل

The instruction of Lexical Bundles (LBs) has been a challenging issue in language teaching. This study strived to determine the effect of the instruction of LBs on IELTS candidates’ performance on IELTS writing task 2. To this end, first, 100 male and female IELTS candidates were randomly selected from among 150 English learners as participants. Second, these participants were assigned to the experimental group and the control group, each with 50 learners. Both groups were then administered IELTS writing task 2 as a pretest. The experimental group was provided with ten sessions of instruction on LBs. The control group, however, did not receive any instruction. Finally, the researchers administered IELTS writing task 2 to both of the groups anew as a posttest. The results suggest that teaching the relevant bundles had some positive impacts on IELTS candidates’ general performance of the relevant writing tasks, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary knowledge, as well as observing cohesive ties and coherence in their writing. The results may provide some useful insights regarding the instruction of LBs in IELTS preparation courses پرونده مقاله

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140 - Relationship between Critical Thinking Ability and Listening Comprehension Strategies: Focus on Advanced EFL Learners
Azar Bagheri Masoudzade

10.30495/jntell.2022.693714

This study was an endeavor to explore the relationship between advanced EFL students' listening comprehension strategies and their critical thinking ability. To do this, 75 Iranian EFL learners of both genders were selected as the subjects of the study. All of them were چکیده کامل

This study was an endeavor to explore the relationship between advanced EFL students' listening comprehension strategies and their critical thinking ability. To do this, 75 Iranian EFL learners of both genders were selected as the subjects of the study. All of them were advanced learners that were selected based on cluster sampling. The employed instruments were two related questionnaires, Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CTQ) and Listening Comprehension Strategies Questionnaire (LCSQ). On the first day, the researcher explained the instruction of this survey clearly and the participants were provided with CTQ to evaluate the strategies employed by them. On the second day, LCSQ were distributed among them. The participants had to responded all the questions in the limited time. Fortunately, none of the students were absent during the data collection procedure, and this factor would increase the reliability of the results. Findings of the study revealed a significant relationship between advanced EFL students' listening comprehension strategies and their critical thinking ability. Results can be significant since identifying the strategies that students apply, assist them to overcome the difficulties they might encounter in different language skills. پرونده مقاله

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141 - A Retrospective Evaluation of Iranian Third-Grade Junior High School English Textbook
Elham TAghipour Shaban Najafi Karimi

10.30495/jntell.2022.695396

This study evaluated the third-grade junior high school English course book in Iran which was implemented in 2017 by the ministry of education. The study was done in order to find out whether its contents match the authors' claim. To do this, the researcher used a quant چکیده کامل

This study evaluated the third-grade junior high school English course book in Iran which was implemented in 2017 by the ministry of education. The study was done in order to find out whether its contents match the authors' claim. To do this, the researcher used a quantitative research design to evaluate the Course Book (CB). A sample of 200 teachers participated in this study for answering the questionnaire and were chosen randomly from a different state and private schools in Mazandaran province. They participated in the online and paper and pencil survey. The survey was developed by Cunnings Worth (1995). The items of the questionnaire were based on the characteristic of a good textbook and included 14 categories as content, grammar, vocabulary, phonology, language skills, methodology, study skills, objectives, content selection, gradation and recycling, visuals, practices and testing, supplementary materials and teacher manual. In short, the results indicated that Prospect 3 was perceived as moderately adequate since the mean composite scores for each category exceeded 2, except for gradation and recycling which scored 2.10. Gradation and recycling and study skills categories were two categories that scored a mean of 2.13 and 2.10. They gained the least support by the respondents. پرونده مقاله

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142 - Designing and Validating a New Corrective Feedback Preferences Scale: Targeting Contextual Particularities
Mohammad Rahimi Shahram Afraz Amin Karimniya

10.30495/jntell.2022.693984

The current study was an attempt to explore the underlying factor structures of the new TPCF questionnaire designed to determine EFL teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of corrective feedbacks. To this end, 150 male and female EFL teachers from private lang چکیده کامل

The current study was an attempt to explore the underlying factor structures of the new TPCF questionnaire designed to determine EFL teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of corrective feedbacks. To this end, 150 male and female EFL teachers from private language institutes were conveniently selected to participate in the study. To come up with a suitable sample for construct validation (factor analysis), care was taken to select at least 125 participants (5 participants per item included in the final version of TPCF). The participants were aged from 27 to 38 years old. Two research instruments were utilized in the current study including an interview and a newly designed questionnaire by the researcher in the field. The findings revealed that underlying factor structures of the new TPCF included type of error & type of CF, time of feedback & teachers’ strategy, proficiency level & preplanning, perceived by learners, negative impression & gender difference, dominance, correction & CF enhancement. In addition, a new TPCF questionnaire designed for EFL teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of corrective feedbacks. Eventually, the implications of the study are presented. These findings have some implications for EFL teachers, learners, curriculum designers, and researchers. پرونده مقاله

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143 - Educational Technology in Language Learning: Analyzing Advanced EFL Learners’ Perception on the Use of Technology at Language Institute
Soraya Omara

10.30495/jntell.2022.694647

The present study made an attempt to investigate advanced EFL learners' perception in a private language institute on the use of technology. It also analyzed the possible difference between the EFL learners' perceptions in terms of their genders. To do this, a quantitat چکیده کامل

The present study made an attempt to investigate advanced EFL learners' perception in a private language institute on the use of technology. It also analyzed the possible difference between the EFL learners' perceptions in terms of their genders. To do this, a quantitative study based on survey data and a structured interview was conducted. A group of 88 learners, 44 males, and 44 females made up the subjects. These learners had already studied in the institute using some technological devices; thus, they were familiar with the use of these devices in the language class. The questionnaire was distributed among the participants during their class time and soon after it, they were collected and submitted for analysis using SPSS. Afterwards, the participants were interviewed for cross validation purpose. The results of the study proved that the learners, both males and females, had positive perception towards the use of technology in their language class. In addition, all of the question items without much differences between them supported the positive effect of using different aspects of technology in the language class. In other words, both genders expressed the same type of attitudes towards the given ideas and not much difference could be observed between them. Findings of the present work can suggest the usefulness and practicality of educational technology in the area of language teaching and learning. پرونده مقاله

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144 - Analysis of language Learning Needs of Tenth-grade Iranian Students
Fatemeh Mohammadi Sadegh

10.30495/jntell.2022.694901

The present study examined and analyzed the language learning needs of Tenth-grade Iranian Students. Despite the significant role of needs analysis in language learning, no attempt has been made to explore the current language learning needs of Tenth- grade students and چکیده کامل

The present study examined and analyzed the language learning needs of Tenth-grade Iranian Students. Despite the significant role of needs analysis in language learning, no attempt has been made to explore the current language learning needs of Tenth- grade students and these needs are apparently unknown at present. To do this, this research evaluate and discussed the current language learning needs of Tenth-grade students. Also, this project highlighted the most and the least important language learning needs of them. To this purpose, the data was collected through questionnaire. 250 EFL learners of different high schools in Zahedan were selected to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire developed by Kittidhaworn (2001) and surveyed seven dimensions of language learning needs, and the extent of the importance, was remarked by Tenth-grade learners of high schools. According to obtained data, the most important language learning need was "listening Skill", and the least one attributed to the "Language Function" from their points of view. It is expected that the findings of this study may help teachers, students, and researchers who are interested in effective assessment of language learning needs and also administrators who are responsible for organizing and implementing them. پرونده مقاله

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145 - Analysis of Thermal-Bending Stresses in a Simply Supported Annular Sector Plate
T Dhakate V Varghese L Khalsa

10.22034/jsm.2019.566121.1275

The present article deals with the analysis of thermal-bending stresses in a heated thin annular sector plate with simply supported boundary condition under transient temperature distribution using Berger’s approximate methods. The sectional heat supply is on the چکیده کامل

The present article deals with the analysis of thermal-bending stresses in a heated thin annular sector plate with simply supported boundary condition under transient temperature distribution using Berger’s approximate methods. The sectional heat supply is on the top face of the plate whereas the bottom face is kept at zero temperature. In this study, the solution of heat conduction is obtained by the classical method. The thermal moment is derived on the basis of temperature distribution, and its stresses are obtained using thermally induce resultant moment and resultant forces. The numerical calculations are obtained for the aluminium plate in the form of an infinite series involving Bessel functions, and the results for temperature, deflection, resultant bending moments and thermal stresses have been illustrated graphically with the help of MATHEMATICA software. پرونده مقاله

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146 - Wave Reflection and Refraction at the Interface of Triclinic and Liquid Medium
S.A Sahu S Karmakar

10.22034/jsm.2019.1865281.1413

A Mathematical model has been considered to study the reflection and refraction phenomenon of plane wave at the interface of an isotropic liquid medium and a triclinic (anisotropic) half-space. The incident plane qP wave generates three types of reflected waves namely q چکیده کامل

A Mathematical model has been considered to study the reflection and refraction phenomenon of plane wave at the interface of an isotropic liquid medium and a triclinic (anisotropic) half-space. The incident plane qP wave generates three types of reflected waves namely quasi-P (qP), quasi-SV (qSV) and quasi-SH (qSH) waves in the triclinic medium and one refracted P wave in the isotropic liquid medium. Expression of phase velocities of all the three quasi waves have been calculated. It has been considered that the direction of particle motion is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the direction of propagation in anisotropic medium. Some specific relations have been established between directions of motion and propagation. The expressions for reflection coefficients of qP, qSV, qSH and refracted P waves with respect to incident qP wave are obtained. Numerical computation and graphical representations have been performed for the reflection coefficient of reflected qP, reflected qSV, reflected qSH and refraction coefficient of refracted P wave with incident qP wave. پرونده مقاله

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147 - Impact of Initial Stress on Reflection and Transmission of SV-Wave between Two Orthotropic Thermoelastic Half-Spaces
B Prasad S Kundu P Chandra Pal

10.22034/jsm.2019.572416.1307

Reflection and transmission of plane waves between two initially stressed thermoelastic half-spaces with orthotropic type of anisotropy is studied. Incidence of a SV-type wave from the lower half-space is considered and the amplitude ratios of the reflected and transmit چکیده کامل

Reflection and transmission of plane waves between two initially stressed thermoelastic half-spaces with orthotropic type of anisotropy is studied. Incidence of a SV-type wave from the lower half-space is considered and the amplitude ratios of the reflected and transmitted SV-wave, P-wave and thermal wave are obtained by using appropriate boundary conditions. Numerical computation for a particular model is performed and graphs are plotted to study the effect of angle of incidence of the wave and the initial stress parameters of the half-spaces. From the graphical results, it is found that the modulus of reflection and transmission coefficients of the thermal wave is very less in comparison to reflection and transmission coefficients of P- and SV-waves. It is also observed that for vertical incidence of SV-wave we have only reflected and refracted SV-waves and there is no reflected or refracted P and thermal waves, whereas for horizontal incidence of SV-wave there exists only reflected SV-wave and no other reflected or transmitted wave exists. Moreover, it is found that all the reflection and transmission coefficients are strongly affected by the initial stress parameters of the both half-spaces. پرونده مقاله

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148 - Considering Bending and Vibration of Homogeneous Nanobeam Coated by a FG Layer
H Salehipour M Jamshidi A Shahsavar

10.22034/jsm.2019.1870709.1457

In this research static deflection and free vibration of homogeneous nanobeams coated by a functionally graded (FG) layer is investigated according to the nonlocal elasticity theory. A higher order beam theory is used that does not need the shear correction factor. The چکیده کامل

In this research static deflection and free vibration of homogeneous nanobeams coated by a functionally graded (FG) layer is investigated according to the nonlocal elasticity theory. A higher order beam theory is used that does not need the shear correction factor. The equations of motion (equilibrium equations) are extracted by using Hamilton’s principle. The material properties are considered to vary in the thickness direction of FG coated layer. This nonlocal nanobeam model incorporates the length scale parameter (nonlocal parameter) that can capture the small scale effects. In the numerical results section, the effects of different parameters, especially the ratio of thickness of FG layer to the total thickness of the beam are considered and discussed. The results reveal that the frequency is maximum for a special value of material power index. Also, increasing the ratio of thickness of FG layer to the total thickness of the beam increases the static deflection and decreases the natural frequencies. These results help with the understanding such coated structures and designing them carefully. The results also show that the new nonlocal FG nanobeam model produces larger vibration and smaller deflection than homogeneous nonlocal nanobeam. پرونده مقاله

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149 - Analysis of Reflection Phenomena in a Fiber Reinforced Piezo-Thermoelastic Half Space with Diffusion and Two-Temperature
K Jain S Kumar S Deswal

10.22034/jsm.2020.1897751.1579

Present work is concerned with the analysis of transient wave phenomena in a piezo-thermoelastic medium with diffusion, fiber reinforcement and two-temperature, when an elastic wave is made incident obliquely at the traction free plane boundary of the considered medium. چکیده کامل

Present work is concerned with the analysis of transient wave phenomena in a piezo-thermoelastic medium with diffusion, fiber reinforcement and two-temperature, when an elastic wave is made incident obliquely at the traction free plane boundary of the considered medium. The formulation is applied under the purview of generalized theory of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time. The problem is solved analytically and it is found that there exists four coupled quasi waves: qp (quasi-p ), qMD (quasi mass diffusion), qT (quasi thermal) and qSV (quasi-SV ) waves propagating with different speeds in a two-dimensional model of the solid. The amplitude ratios, phase velocities and energy ratios for the reflected waves are derived and the numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming. Effect of presence of diffusion is analyzed theoretically, numerically and graphically. The number of reflected waves reduce to three in the absence of diffusion as qMD wave will disappear in that case which is physically admissible. Influence of piezoelectric effect, two temperature and anisotropy is discussed on different characteristics of reflected waves such as phase velocity and reflection coefficients. It has been verified that there is no dissipation of energy at the boundary surface during reflection. Thus, the energy conservation law holds at the surface. Finally, all the reflection coefficients are represented graphically through 3D plots to estimate and highlight the effects of frequency and angle of incidence. پرونده مقاله

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150 - Response of Two-Temperature on the Energy Ratios at Elastic-Piezothermoelastic Interface
R Kumar P Sharma

10.22034/jsm.2020.1907521.1637

In the present investigation the reflection and transmission phenomenon of plane waves between two half spaces elastic and orthotropic piezothermoelastic with two-temperature theory is discussed. A piezothermoelastic solid half space is assumed to be loaded with an elas چکیده کامل

In the present investigation the reflection and transmission phenomenon of plane waves between two half spaces elastic and orthotropic piezothermoelastic with two-temperature theory is discussed. A piezothermoelastic solid half space is assumed to be loaded with an elastic half space. Due to the phenomenon, four qausi waves are obtained; quasi longitudinal (qP) wave, quasi transverse (qS) wave, quasi thermal (qT) wave and electric potential wave (eP). It is found that the amplitude ratios of various reﬂected and refracted waves are functions of angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave and are inﬂuenced by the piezothermoelastic properties of media. The energy ratios are computed numerically using amplitude ratios for a particular model of graphite and cadmium selenide (CdSe). The variations of energy ratios with angle of incidence are shown graphically depicting the effect of two-temperature. The conservation of energy across the interface is justiﬁed. A particular case of interest is also deduced from the present investigation. پرونده مقاله

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151 - Thermoelastic Analysis of Annular Sector Plate Under Restricted Boundaries Amidst Elastic Reaction
A Mahakalkar V Varghese

10.22034/jsm.2020.1892727.1547

An analytical framework is developed for the thermoelastic analysis of annular sector plate whose boundaries are subjected to elastic reactions. The exact expression for transient heat conduction with internal heat sources is obtained using a classical method. The fourt چکیده کامل

An analytical framework is developed for the thermoelastic analysis of annular sector plate whose boundaries are subjected to elastic reactions. The exact expression for transient heat conduction with internal heat sources is obtained using a classical method. The fourth-order differential equation for the thermally induced deflection is obtained by developing a new integral transformation in accordance with the simply supported elastic supports that are subjected to elastic reactions. Here it is supposed that the movement of the boundaries is limited by an elastic reaction, that is, (a) shearing stress is proportional to the displacement, and (b) the reaction moment is proportional to the rate of change of displacement with respect to the radius. Finally, the maximum thermal stresses distributed linearly over the thickness of the plate are obtained in terms of resultant bending momentum per unit width. The calculation is obtained for the steel, aluminium and copper material plates using Bessel's function can be expressed in infinite series form, and the results are depicted using a few graphs. پرونده مقاله

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152 - Large Deformation Hermitian Finite Element Coupled Thermoelasticity Analysis of Wave Propagation and Reflection in a Finite Domain
M Mirparizi M Shariyat A.R Fotuhi

10.22034/jsm.2020.1913430.1653

In the present paper, a finite element nonlinear coupled thermoelasticity formulation is presented for analysis of the wave propagation, reflection, and mixing phenomena in the finite length isotropic solids. The governing equations are derived based on the second Piola چکیده کامل

In the present paper, a finite element nonlinear coupled thermoelasticity formulation is presented for analysis of the wave propagation, reflection, and mixing phenomena in the finite length isotropic solids. The governing equations are derived based on the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress and the full form of Green’s strain-displacement tensors to account for the large deformations and finite strains. In contrast to the available researches, the assumption of very small temperature changes compared to the reference temperature is released in the present research. Galerkin’s method, a weak formulation, and cubic elements are employed to obtain the time-dependent non-linear finite element governing equations. The proposed solution procedure to the resulting highly nonlinear and time-dependent governing equations employs an updating algorithm and Newmark’s numerical time integration method. The wave propagation and reflection phenomena are investigated for both the mechanical and thermal shocks and time variations of distributions of the resulting displacements, temperature rises, and stresses are illustrated graphically and discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the effects of the non-linear terms are discussed comprehensively. Results reveal that in the non-linear analysis, no fixed speed of wave propagation can be defined. پرونده مقاله

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153 - Effect of Thermosensitivity on Heat Conduction and Stresses of a Multilayered Annular Disk
G.D. Kedar V.B. Srinivas V.R Manthena

10.22034/jsm.2023.1970968.1755

This paper deals with the analysis of temperature, deflection and thermal stresses of a multilayered annular disk. The thermo-mechanical properties of the disk are taken to be temperature dependent. Using Kirchhoff’s variable transformation, the non-linear heat co چکیده کامل

This paper deals with the analysis of temperature, deflection and thermal stresses of a multilayered annular disk. The thermo-mechanical properties of the disk are taken to be temperature dependent. Using Kirchhoff’s variable transformation, the non-linear heat conduction equation is reduced to a linear form. Finite integral transform, Fourier series and Fourier transform techniques are used to solve the heat conduction equation and the desired solution is obtained in series form. Deflection, thermally induced resultant moments and the corresponding thermal stresses are determined. Numerical analysis is carried out for a three layered annular disk and the results are depicted graphically. Thermosensitivity plays a vital role in the thermal profile of the multilayered disk. In the temperature dependent case, the radial stress suddenly becomes compressive in the middle region, whereas it is tensile throughout all the regions in the temperature independent case. Due to the inhomogeneous thermal conductivity considered in the form of exponential function, the temperature and the corresponding thermoelastic quantities shows the lag along radial direction. پرونده مقاله

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154 - Reflection From Free Surface of a Rotating Generalized Thermo-Piezoelectric Solid Half Space
Baljeet Singh B Singh

The analysis of rotational effect on the characteristics of plane waves propagating in a half space of generalized thermo-piezoelectric medium is presented in context of linear theory of thermo-piezoelectricity including Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The governing eq چکیده کامل

The analysis of rotational effect on the characteristics of plane waves propagating in a half space of generalized thermo-piezoelectric medium is presented in context of linear theory of thermo-piezoelectricity including Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The governing equations for a rotating generalized thermo-piezoelectric medium are formulated and solved for plane wave solutions to show the propagation of three quasi plane waves in the medium. A problem on the reflection of these plane waves is considered from a thermally insulated/isothermal boundary of a rotating generalized thermo-piezoelectric solid half space. The expressions for reflection coefficients of three reflected waves are obtained in explicit from. For experimental data of LiNbO3 and BaTiO3, the speeds of various plane waves are computed. The reflection coefficients of various reflected waves are also obtained numerically by using the data of BaTiO3. The dependence of speeds of plane waves and reflection coefficients of various reflected waves is shown graphically on the rotation parameter at each angle of incidence. پرونده مقاله

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155 - Reflection and Transmission at the Boundary of Two Couple Stress Generalized Thermoelastic Solids
R Kumar K Kumar R.C Nautiyal

In this paper the reflection and transmission at a plane interface between two different couple stress generalized thermoelastic solid half spaces in context of Loard-Shulman(LS)[1967] and Green-Lindsay(GL)[1972] theories in welded contact has been investigated. Amplitu چکیده کامل

In this paper the reflection and transmission at a plane interface between two different couple stress generalized thermoelastic solid half spaces in context of Loard-Shulman(LS)[1967] and Green-Lindsay(GL)[1972] theories in welded contact has been investigated. Amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are obtained due to incidence of a set of coupled longitudinal waves and coupled transverse waves. It is found that the amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are functions of angle of incidence, frequency and are affected by the couple stress properties of the media. Some special cases are deduced from the present formulation. پرونده مقاله

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156 - A Static Flexure of Thick Isotropic Plates Using Trigonometric Shear Deformation Theory
Y.M Ghugal A.S Sayyad

A Trigonometric Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) for the analysis of isotropic plate, taking into account transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain effect, is presented. The theory presented herein is built upon the classical plate theory. I چکیده کامل

A Trigonometric Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) for the analysis of isotropic plate, taking into account transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain effect, is presented. The theory presented herein is built upon the classical plate theory. In this displacement-based, trigonometric shear deformation theory, the in-plane displacement field uses sinusoidal function in terms of thickness coordinate to include the shear deformation effect. The cosine function in terms of thickness coordinate is used in transverse displacement to include the effect of transverse normal strain. It accounts for realistic variation of the transverse shear stress through the thickness and satisfies the shear stress free surface conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. The theory obviates the need of shear correction factor like other higher order or equivalent shear deformation theories. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. Results obtained for static flexural analysis of simply supported thick isotropic plates for various loading cases are compared with those of other refined theories and exact solution from theory of elasticity. پرونده مقاله

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157 - Wave Propagation in Micropolar Thermoelastic Diffusion Medium
A Miglani S Kaushal

The present investigation is concerned with the reflection of plane waves from a free surface of a micropolar thermoelastic diffusion half space in the context of coupled theory of thermoelastic diffusion. The amplitude ratios of various reflected waves are obtained in چکیده کامل

The present investigation is concerned with the reflection of plane waves from a free surface of a micropolar thermoelastic diffusion half space in the context of coupled theory of thermoelastic diffusion. The amplitude ratios of various reflected waves are obtained in a closed form. The dependence of these amplitude ratios with an angle of propagation as well as other material parameter are shown graphically. Effects of micropolarity and diffusion are observed on these amplitude ratios. Some special cases of interest are also deduced from the present investigation. پرونده مقاله

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158 - Wave Propagation in Mixture of Generalized Thermoelastic Solids Half-Space
R Kumar S Devi

This paper concentrates on the reflection of plane waves in the mixture of generalized thermo elastic solid half-space. There exists quasi dilatational waves i.e. qP1, qP2, qT and two rotational waves S1, S2 in a two dimensional model of the solid. The boundary conditio چکیده کامل

This paper concentrates on the reflection of plane waves in the mixture of generalized thermo elastic solid half-space. There exists quasi dilatational waves i.e. qP1, qP2, qT and two rotational waves S1, S2 in a two dimensional model of the solid. The boundary conditions are solved to obtain a system of five non-homogeneous equations for amplitude ratios. These amplitude ratios are found to depend on the angle of incidence of incident wave, mixture and thermal parameters and have been computed numerically and presented graphically. The appreciable effects of mixtures and thermal on the amplitude ratios are obtained. پرونده مقاله

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159 - Propagation of Waves at an Interface of Heat Conducting Elastic Solid and Micropolar Fluid Media
R Kumar M Kaur S.C Rajvanshi

The present investigation is concerned with the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane waves at the interface of generalized thermoelastic solid half space and heat conducting micropolar fluid half- space. The amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmi چکیده کامل

The present investigation is concerned with the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane waves at the interface of generalized thermoelastic solid half space and heat conducting micropolar fluid half- space. The amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves with various angle of incidence have been computed numerically and depicted graphically. Micropolarity and thermal relaxation effects are shown on the amplitude ratios for specific model. Some special and particular cases are also deduced from the present investigation. پرونده مقاله

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160 - Wave Propagation in Fibre-Reinforced Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic Media with Initial Stress at the Boundary Surface
R Kumar S.K Garg S Ahuja

The reflection and transmission of thermoelastic plane waves at an imperfect boundary of two dissimilar fibre-reinforced transversely isotropic thermoelastic solid half-spaces under hydrostatic initial stress has been investigated. The appropriate boundary conditions ar چکیده کامل

The reflection and transmission of thermoelastic plane waves at an imperfect boundary of two dissimilar fibre-reinforced transversely isotropic thermoelastic solid half-spaces under hydrostatic initial stress has been investigated. The appropriate boundary conditions are applied at the interface to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients of various reflected and transmitted waves with incidence of quasi-longitudinal (qP), quasi-thermal (qT) & quasi- transverse (qSV) waves respectively at an imperfect boundary and deduced for normal stiffness, transverse stiffness, thermal contact conductance and welded boundaries.The reflection and transmission coefficients are functions of frequency, initial stress and angle of incidence. There amplitude ratios are computed numerically and depicted graphically for a specific model to show the effect of initial stress. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation. پرونده مقاله

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161 - Reflection of Waves in a Rotating Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic Half-space Under Initial Stress
R.R Gupta R.R. Gupta

The present paper concerns with the effect of initial stress on the propagation of plane waves in a rotating transversely isotropic medium in the context of thermoelasticity theory of GN theory of type-II and III. After solving the governing equations, three waves propa چکیده کامل

The present paper concerns with the effect of initial stress on the propagation of plane waves in a rotating transversely isotropic medium in the context of thermoelasticity theory of GN theory of type-II and III. After solving the governing equations, three waves propagating in the medium are obtained. The fastest among them is a quasi-longitudinal wave. The slowest of them is a thermal wave. The remaining is called quasi-transverse wave. The prefix ‘quasi’ refers to their polarizations being nearly, but not exactly, parallel or perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The polarizations of these three waves are not mutually orthogonal. After imposing the appropriate boundary conditions, the amplitudes of reflection coefficients have been obtained. Numerically, simulated results have been plotted graphically with respect to frequency to evince the effect of initial stress and anisotropy. پرونده مقاله

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162 - Reflection and Transmission of Longitudinal Wave at Micropolar Viscoelastic Solid/Fluid Saturated Incompressible Porous Solid Interface
N Kumari

In this paper, the reflection and refraction of longitudinal wave from a plane surface separating a micropolar viscoelastic solid half space and a fluid saturated incompressible half space is studied. A longitudinal wave (P-wave) impinges obliquely at the interface. Amp چکیده کامل

In this paper, the reflection and refraction of longitudinal wave from a plane surface separating a micropolar viscoelastic solid half space and a fluid saturated incompressible half space is studied. A longitudinal wave (P-wave) impinges obliquely at the interface. Amplitude ratios for various reflected and transmitted waves have been obtained. Then these amplitude ratios have been computed numerically for a specific model and results thus obtained are shown graphically with angle of incidence of incident wave. It is found that these amplitude ratios depend on angle of incidence of the incident wave as well as on the properties of media. A particular case when longitudinal wave reflects at free surface of micropolar viscoelastic solid has been deduced and discussed. From the present investigation, a special case when fluid saturated porous half space reduces to empty porous solid has also been deduced and discussed with the help of graphs. پرونده مقاله

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163 - Wave Propagation at the Boundary Surface of Inviscid Fluid Half-Space and Thermoelastic Diffusion Solid Half-Space with Dual-Phase-Lag Models
R Kumar V Gupta

The present investigation deals with the reflection and transmission phenomenon due to incident plane longitudinal wave at a plane interface between inviscid fluid half-space and a thermoelastic diffusion solid half-space with dual-phase-lag heat transfer (DPLT) and dua چکیده کامل

The present investigation deals with the reflection and transmission phenomenon due to incident plane longitudinal wave at a plane interface between inviscid fluid half-space and a thermoelastic diffusion solid half-space with dual-phase-lag heat transfer (DPLT) and dual-phase-lag diffusion (DPLD) models. The theory of thermoelasticity with dual-phase-lag heat transfer developed by Roychoudhary [10] has been employed to develop the equation for thermoelastic diffusion with dual-phase-lag heat transfer and dual-phase-lag diffusion model. Amplitude ratios and energy ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are obtained. It is found that these are the functions of angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave and are influenced by thermoelastic diffusion properties of media. The nature of dependence of amplitude ratios and energy ratios with the angle of incidence have been computed numerically for a particular model. The variations of energy ratios with angle of incidence are also shown graphically. The conservation of energy at the interface is verified. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

164 - Response Determination of a Beam with Moderately Large Deflection Under Transverse Dynamic Load Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory
F Sohani H.R Eipakchi

In the presented paper, the governing equations of a vibratory beam with moderately large deflection are derived using the first order shear deformation theory. The beam is homogenous, isotropic and it is subjected to the dynamic transverse and axial loads. The kinemati چکیده کامل

In the presented paper, the governing equations of a vibratory beam with moderately large deflection are derived using the first order shear deformation theory. The beam is homogenous, isotropic and it is subjected to the dynamic transverse and axial loads. The kinematic of the problem is according to the Von-Karman strain-displacement relations and the Hook's law is used as the constitutive equation. These equations which are a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with constant coefficients are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. The eigenfunction expansion method and the perturbation technique are applied to obtain the response. The results are compared with the finite elements method. پرونده مقاله

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165 - Reflection of Plane Wave at Traction-Free Surface of a Pre-Stressed Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Material (FGPM) Half-Space
P.K Saroj S.A Sahu

This paper is devoted to study a problem of plane waves reflection at a traction-free surface of a pre-stressed functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM). The effects of initial stress and material gradient on the reflection of plane waves are studied in this pa چکیده کامل

This paper is devoted to study a problem of plane waves reflection at a traction-free surface of a pre-stressed functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM). The effects of initial stress and material gradient on the reflection of plane waves are studied in this paper. Secular equation has been derived analytically for the pre-stressed FGPM half-space and used to show the existence of two coupled waves namely and Continuity condition of stress, electrical potential and electrical displacement at traction free surface is used to obtain the reflection coefficient of and waves. Results of the problem are shown graphically and effects of initial stress and material gradient are discussed for a particular case of Lithium niobate material. پرونده مقاله

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166 - Response of GN Type II and Type III Theories on Reflection and Transmission Coefficients at the Boundary Surface of Micropolar Thermoelastic Media with Two Temperatures
R Kumar M Kaur S.C Rajvanshi

In the present article, the reflection and transmission of plane waves at the boundary of thermally conducting micropolar elastic media with two temperatures is studied. The theory of thermoelasticity with and without energy dissipation is used to investigate the proble چکیده کامل

In the present article, the reflection and transmission of plane waves at the boundary of thermally conducting micropolar elastic media with two temperatures is studied. The theory of thermoelasticity with and without energy dissipation is used to investigate the problem. The expressions for amplitudes ratios of reflected and transmitted waves at different angles of incident wave are obtained. Dissipation of energy and two temperature effects on these amplitude ratios with angle of incidence are depicted graphically. Some special and particular cases are also deduced. پرونده مقاله

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167 - Modified Couple Stress Theory for Vibration of Embedded Bioliquid-Filled Microtubules under Walking a Motor Protein Including Surface Effects
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Abdollahian A.H Ghorbanpour Arani

Microtubules (MTs) are fibrous and tube-like cell substructures exist in cytoplasm of cells which play a vital role in many cellular processes. Surface effects on the vibration of bioliquid MTs surrounded by cytoplasm is investigated in this study. The emphasis is place چکیده کامل

Microtubules (MTs) are fibrous and tube-like cell substructures exist in cytoplasm of cells which play a vital role in many cellular processes. Surface effects on the vibration of bioliquid MTs surrounded by cytoplasm is investigated in this study. The emphasis is placed on the effect of the motor protein motion on the MTs. The MT is modeled as an orthotropic beam and the surrounded cytoplasm is assumed as an elastic media which is simulated by Pasternak foundation. In order to consider the small scale effects, the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is taken into account. An analytical method is employed to solve the motion equations obtained by energy method and Hamilton’s principle. The influence of surface layers, bioliquid, surrounding elastic medium, motor proteins motion, and small scale parameter are shown graphically. Results demonstrate that the speed of motor proteins is an effective parameter on the vibration characteristics of MTs. It is interesting that increasing the motor proteins speed does not change the maximum and minimum values of MTs dynamic deflection. The presented results might be useful in biomedical and biomechanical principles and applications. پرونده مقاله

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168 - Elastic Wave Propagation at Imperfect Boundary of Micropolar Elastic Solid and Fluid Saturated Porous Solid Half-Space
V Kaliraman R.K Poonia

This paper deals with the reflection and transmission of elastic waves from imperfect interface separating a micropolar elastic solid half-space and a fluid saturated porous solid half-space. Longitudinal and transverse waves impinge obliquely at the interface. Amplitud چکیده کامل

This paper deals with the reflection and transmission of elastic waves from imperfect interface separating a micropolar elastic solid half-space and a fluid saturated porous solid half-space. Longitudinal and transverse waves impinge obliquely at the interface. Amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are obtained and computed numerically for a specific model and results obtained are depicted graphically with angle of incidence of incident waves. It is found that these amplitude ratios depend on angle of incidence of the incident wave, imperfect boundary and material properties of half-spaces. From the present study, a special case when fluid saturated porous half-space reduces to empty porous solid is also deduced and discussed graphically. پرونده مقاله

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169 - تأثیر آفت‌کش‌های رایج بر سفیدبالک جالیز(Hem.: Aleyrodidae) Bemisia tabaci روی خیار پاییزه در اهواز
منا امیدبخش غلامرضا جسمی فرحان کچیلی

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius بیش از 100 سال پیش معرفی شده و به محصولات زراعی و غیر زراعی مناطق گرمسیر جهان خسارت وارد می‌کند. عوامل زیستی مختلف مانند دامنه وسیع میزبانی، چند نسلی بودن، نرخ بالای تولید مثل، توانایی انتقال ویروس های گیاهی و گسترش مقاومت به حشره‌کش ها باعث مشک چکیده کامل

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius بیش از 100 سال پیش معرفی شده و به محصولات زراعی و غیر زراعی مناطق گرمسیر جهان خسارت وارد می‌کند. عوامل زیستی مختلف مانند دامنه وسیع میزبانی، چند نسلی بودن، نرخ بالای تولید مثل، توانایی انتقال ویروس های گیاهی و گسترش مقاومت به حشره‌کش ها باعث مشکلاتی در مدیریت این سفیدبالک شده است. در این تحقیق تأثیر 5 نوع حشره کش شامل پیری پروکسی فن، ایمیداکلوپراید، پی متروزین، فن پروپاترین و بوپروفزین بر B. tabaci جهت تعیین بهترین حشره کش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از نمونه برداری برگی، 3 برگ از قسمت های بالایی، میانی، پایینی 3 بوته و مجموعاً 9 برگ از هر پلات را به طور تصادفی انتخاب و حشرات کامل آفت روی سطح زیرین آن مورد شمارش قرار گرفت. جهت شمارش پوره و پوپاریوم آفت، برگ ها را از ساقه گیاهان جدا نموده و در زیر بینوکولر شمارش ها صورت گرفت. سپس داده‌های بدست آمده مورد تجزیه آماری قرار گرفت و با استفاده از آزمون چند دامنه ای دانکن در سطح یک و 5 درصد مورد مقایسه آماری قرار گرفته و گروه بندی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد هیچ کدام از 10 تیمار حشره کش تأثیر قابل قبولی بر جمعیت پوره و پوپاریوم ندارند و در مورد حشرات کامل آفت، تیمارهای پیری پروکسی فن (%10EC ) به میزان 750 سی سی در هکتار، ایمیداکلوپراید (%35SC ) به میزان 750 سی سی در هکتار ، پی متروزین (%25WG ) به میزان 1 کیلوگرم در هکتار و پی متروزین (%25WG ) به میزان 25/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار برتری بیشتری نسبت به شاهد داشتند. پرونده مقاله

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170 - تأثیر میانه‌کاری چند گیاه زراعی پائیزه بر جمعیت سفید‌بالک یاس Aleuroclava jasmini (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) در باغ‌های مرکبات دزفول
مرضیه بهمنش فر بیژن حاتمی سعید باقری

سفید بالک یاسAleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi, 1932) در چند سال اخیر باعث وارد آمدن خسارت شدیدی به باغ های مرکبات استان خوزستان شده است. به منظور بررسی اثر میانه‌ کاری گیاهان زراعی روی جمعیت سفید بالک یاس، از ابتدای آذر ماه 92 تا ابتدای تیر ماه 93 آزمایشی صحرایی در یک باغ چکیده کامل

سفید بالک یاسAleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi, 1932) در چند سال اخیر باعث وارد آمدن خسارت شدیدی به باغ های مرکبات استان خوزستان شده است. به منظور بررسی اثر میانه‌ کاری گیاهان زراعی روی جمعیت سفید بالک یاس، از ابتدای آذر ماه 92 تا ابتدای تیر ماه 93 آزمایشی صحرایی در یک باغ پرتقال والنسیا با شش تیمار و پنج تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. تیمار ها شامل چهار تیمار میانه‌ کاری باقلا، شبدر، لوبیا سبز و خیار، و دو تیمار شاهد بدون علف هرز و با علف های هرز بود. هر کرت آزمایشی شامل 20 درخت بوده که از پنج درخت هر کرت(پنج تکرار) و از هر درخت به ‌تصادفی 12 برگ نمونه‌ برداری شد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده در شش مرتبه نمونه برداری در بهار، در میان تیمار های میانه‌ کاری، میانگین جمعیت تخم و پوره این سفید بالک به‌ ترتیب در سطح 05/0 و 01/0 اختلاف معنی‌ داری داشتند. کم ترین جمعیت تخم در تیمار های12/0± 88/13C1=، خیار 06/0±82/17و باقلا 06/0±14/19 بوده که دارای اختلاف معنی دار با سایر تیمار ها می باشد. کم ترین جمعیت پوره در تیمار های 07/0±5/6 C1=، باقلا 08/0± 21/9 و خیار07/0 ±13/10 بوده که دارای اختلاف معنی دار با سایر تیمار ها می باشد. به طور کلی کنترل علف های هرز، میانه کاری با خیار و باقلا به نحو مطلوبی موجب کاهش میانگین جمعیت سفید بالک یاس شده و قابل توصیه می باشد. پرونده مقاله

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171 - بررسی مقدماتی دوبالان جنس Tabanus (Dip. : Tabanidae) در منطقه شیراز و حومه
ابوفاضل دوستی مهدی غیبی زینب بازیار

مگس های خانواده Tabanidae که معروف به خرمگس هستند شامل 4290 گونه شناخته شده در دنیا می باشند. تعداد زیادی از آنها به عنوان ناقلین بیماریهای دامی و انسانی شناخته شده اند. در ایران نیز تاکنون نزدیک به 80 گونه و زیرگونه از این خانواده شناسایی گردیده است. به منظور بررسی فون چکیده کامل

مگس های خانواده Tabanidae که معروف به خرمگس هستند شامل 4290 گونه شناخته شده در دنیا می باشند. تعداد زیادی از آنها به عنوان ناقلین بیماریهای دامی و انسانی شناخته شده اند. در ایران نیز تاکنون نزدیک به 80 گونه و زیرگونه از این خانواده شناسایی گردیده است. به منظور بررسی فون این خانواده، خرمگس های منطقه شیراز و حومه با استفاده از تور حشره گیری، تله مالیز و تله Nzi جمع آوری و شناسایی گردید. طی این تحقیق مجموعا 7 گونه از خانواده Tabanidae متعلق به زیر خانواده Tabaninae و جنس Tabanus جمع آوری و شناسایی گردید. در این میان گونه Tabanus spodopteroides Olsufjev, Moucha & Chvala برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می شود و تمام گونه ها برای فون استان فارس جدید هستند. پرونده مقاله

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172 - پتانسیل تغذیه‌ای و بقای بالتوری سبز (Chrysoperla carnea) رویسفید بالک گلخانه (Trialeurodes vaporarium) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
زینت احمدزاده بیژن حاتمی

پتانسیل تغذیه‌ای و بقا مراحل مختلف زیستی شکارگر بالتوری سبز Chrysoperla carnea روی مخلوطی از سنین پورگی سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariumدر شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. میزان مصرف روزانه لاروهای سنین مختلف بالتوری سبز از پوره‌های آفت، برای سنین اول، دوم و سوم به تر چکیده کامل

پتانسیل تغذیه‌ای و بقا مراحل مختلف زیستی شکارگر بالتوری سبز Chrysoperla carnea روی مخلوطی از سنین پورگی سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariumدر شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. میزان مصرف روزانه لاروهای سنین مختلف بالتوری سبز از پوره‌های آفت، برای سنین اول، دوم و سوم به ترتیب 74/1±04/16، 56/2±5/21 و 92/1±3/22 پوره بود و شکارگر در طول دوره لاروی خود، مجموعاً به‌طور متوسط 215 پوره از سنین مختلف سفید بالک گلخانه را مصرف نمود. درصد بقا مراحل مختلف زیستی شکارگر از تخم (85 درصد) تا سن سوم لاروی تخم‌ها (4 درصد) کاهش یافت به‌طوری‌که هیچ یک از لاروهای سن سوم به شفیره تبدیل نشده و از بین رفتند. لذا با وجود جمعیت نسبتاً کافی آفت، شکارگر نتوانست رشد و نمو خود را تکمیل کند. پرونده مقاله

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173 - تاثیر چند روش کنترل سفید بالک Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) در خزانه گوجه‎فرنگی در استان بوشهر
محمدتقی فصیحی زینت احمدزاده نرجس خاتون کازرانی

سفید بالک Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) یکی از مهم&lrm;ترین آفات گوجه&lrm;فرنگی در استان بوشهر می&lrm;باشد که علاوه بر تغذیه از شیره گیاهی، باعث انتقال بیماری&lrm;های ویروسی گوجه&lrm;فرنگی می&lrm;شود. این پژوهش به&lrm;منظور کنترل این آفت در خزانه گوجه فرنگی با 5 تیمار و 3 تکرا چکیده کامل

سفید بالک Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) یکی از مهم&lrm;ترین آفات گوجه&lrm;فرنگی در استان بوشهر می&lrm;باشد که علاوه بر تغذیه از شیره گیاهی، باعث انتقال بیماری&lrm;های ویروسی گوجه&lrm;فرنگی می&lrm;شود. این پژوهش به&lrm;منظور کنترل این آفت در خزانه گوجه فرنگی با 5 تیمار و 3 تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان بوشهرانجام شد. تیمارها شامل: استفاده از تله زرد چسبنده، پوشش آلومینیومی روی سطح زمین، پوشش پارچه توری 50 مش روی کرتها، محلول پاشی با روغن امولسیون شونده (1درصد)، حشره‌کش ایمیداکلوپراید (ml/l 8/0) و تیمار شاهد بودند. درپایان دوره خزانه و قبل از انتقال نشاء به زمین اصلی نمونه‌برداری از تیمارها انجام گرفت. برای این کار 5 بوته به&lrm;طور تصادفی از هر کرت انتخاب و از هر بوته 3 برگچه برداشت شد. نمونه&lrm;&lrm;ها در آزمایشگاه در زیر بینوکولر بررسی و تعداد پوره&lrm;های موجود در هر برگچه شمارش و ثبت گردید. داده&lrm;ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SAS تجزیه و تیمارها با استفاده از آزمون چند دامنه&lrm;ای دانکن با هم مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که پوشش پارچه توری کرت ها کمترین تعداد پوره را داشت و پوشش آلومینیومی پشته&lrm;ها، تله زرد چسبنده، محلول&lrm;پاشی با روغن و حشره&lrm;کش ایمیداکلو پراید در یک گروه قرار گرفتند. همه تیمارها با شاهد اختلاف معنی&lrm;داری نشان دادند. پرونده مقاله

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174 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Professional Development, Creativity and Reflectivity
Mehdi Abbasi Fatemeh Behjat Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri

Teachers are generally believed to be one of the most important elements in the success of any educational scheme. Therefore, it is vitally important that teachers be well-prepared when they begin teaching and continue to improve their knowledge and skills throughout th چکیده کامل

Teachers are generally believed to be one of the most important elements in the success of any educational scheme. Therefore, it is vitally important that teachers be well-prepared when they begin teaching and continue to improve their knowledge and skills throughout their careers. Despite the plethora of studies in teachers’ professional development, there is uncertainty about the relationships between teachers' professional development and their capacity for creative and reflective thinking. Additionally, how these elements might fit into the larger context of teachers' professional lives is under question. The present study was designed to explore the Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions towards professional development, creativity and reflectivity. To do so, 10 EFL teachers were asked to participate in a semi-structured interview. The results indicated that teachers’ professional development, creative and reflective thinking contribute to developing language learners’ language proficiency and motivation. The findings of this study assist teacher educators when these factors are included in language teacher education programs, it helps second/foreign language learners promote their proficiency in different areas of language learning. پرونده مقاله

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175 - The Effect of Using Advance Organizers on Improving Collocational Knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners in MALL-Oriented Classrooms
Elahe Ghorbani Leila Akbarpour

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore if advance organizers with the help of MALL-oriented classrooms can help Iranian EFL learners improve their collocational knowledge or not. In other words, this study investigated the effect of advance organizers چکیده کامل

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to explore if advance organizers with the help of MALL-oriented classrooms can help Iranian EFL learners improve their collocational knowledge or not. In other words, this study investigated the effect of advance organizers on improving collocational knowledge of Iranian EFL learners in a MALL-oriented classroom environment. To accomplish this aim, a quasi-experimental method of research, using a pretest-posttest design with a control group was employed in order to answer the research question. After the homogenization procedure the participants were divided into two groups of control and experimental. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment and also compare the two proficiency levels regarding the treatment, two teacher-made multiple-choice grammar tests were employed as the pre- and post-test. The findings, guided by descriptive and inferential statistics, highlighted that advance organizers in a MALL-oriented classroom had a positive effect on improving EFL learners’ collocational knowledge. پرونده مقاله

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176 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Productive and Receptive Metalinguistic Knowledge as a Function of Their Academic Major
Azam Pourmohammadi Kharrati Firooz Sadighi Mohammad Javad Riasati

The rise of attention in language pedagogy towards subject matter knowledge and its impact on teachers’ professionalism accentuates the role of language teachers' metalinguistic knowledge in L2 teaching. The present study focused on identifying the status of Irani چکیده کامل

The rise of attention in language pedagogy towards subject matter knowledge and its impact on teachers’ professionalism accentuates the role of language teachers' metalinguistic knowledge in L2 teaching. The present study focused on identifying the status of Iranian EFL teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge concerning their academic major. For this aim, a metalinguistic knowledge test entailing 2 modules of production and reception was administered to a total of 200 Iranian EFL teachers. To cross-validate the metalinguistic test results, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 of the target EFL teachers to explore their perspectives about the academic major and metalinguistic knowledge development. Based on the MANOVA results, the academic major was found to be a predictor for the productive and receptive mode of metalinguistic knowledge attained by the teachers. The interview results boring out those of the metalinguistic knowledge test revealed more facts about the teachers’ perspectives of different factors contributing to their metalinguistic knowledge development. The teachers complained about the deficiency that existed in their university curriculum which lacked enough courses referring to metalinguistic knowledge and provided some suggestions in this regard. The findings offer a number of pedagogical implications for language teachers and teacher educators and state some recommendations for further research directions. پرونده مقاله

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177 - The Role of Recasts on EFL Learning: Does the Working Memory Interfere?
Farzaneh Bahadori Mohammad Bavali Mohammad Javad Riasati Samad Mirza Suzani

The view of learning from our errors in an EFL learning context as the subject of myriad applied linguistic studies has not yet taken root. Thus, the impact of extensive and intensive recasts on grammatical and lexical development in EFL context along with the students& چکیده کامل

The view of learning from our errors in an EFL learning context as the subject of myriad applied linguistic studies has not yet taken root. Thus, the impact of extensive and intensive recasts on grammatical and lexical development in EFL context along with the students’ insights of recasts and the role of working memory was evaluated in this study and a quasi-experimental design was employed. The participants included 59 Iranian EFL students. Instruments of the study included an Oxford placement test of English, speaking and writing assignments and a working memory survey. Five short stories were presented during the experiment. The intensive recast group received feedback only on articles and theme words whereas the extensive recast group received feedback on any mistake that occurred throughout communication. The ANOVAs’ results showed that recasts had a helpful effect on EFL learning. A large effect size was indicated for the intensive group, outscoring the extensive group and the control group. Chi-square analysis of the interviews demonstrated a significant and positive difference on the perception of recasts by students of the intensive condition. Working memory was also positively correlated with the scores of learners in the intensive group. Therefore, higher SD learners revealed a higher improvement on oral tasks while higher AD learners were greater on the written tasks. A thorough study of the results implies a rich ground on the effect of recasts and WM in education, helping both teachers and students to a great extent in their teaching and learning journey. پرونده مقاله

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178 - Towards a Scale for Developing EFL Materials based on the principles of Critical Pedagogy
Elham Tabatabaei Mohammad Bavali Leila Akbarpour

This study aimed at designing a scale for developing EFL materials based on the principles of Critical Pedagogy. In so doing, a qualitative thematic analysis method was used. The participants of this study consisted of 20 (10 males and 10 females) EFL experts with more چکیده کامل

This study aimed at designing a scale for developing EFL materials based on the principles of Critical Pedagogy. In so doing, a qualitative thematic analysis method was used. The participants of this study consisted of 20 (10 males and 10 females) EFL experts with more than 15 years of teaching EFL at the university level with at least one published paper on critical pedagogy and materials development, who were selected through purposive sampling from different states and Azad universities in Iran. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was implemented. The existing literature on critical pedagogy and different materials development models was reviewed so that through merging the interview and literature review data, the recurrent categories can be identified and converted into the items of the intended scale. To analyze the data, thematic analysis was used. The following main themes were revealed as the main themes for CP-based EFL materials development: Defining CP-based objectives, developing CP-based content, encouraging CP-based teaching methods, encouraging CP-based evaluation procedures, and defining CP-based roles for teachers and students. Based on the extracted themes, a scale was developed into six categories. The developed scale consisted of 50 items in a five-point Likert range from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. The findings have some implications for EFL teachers, learners, curriculum planners, and researchers. پرونده مقاله

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179 - The relationship between EFL learners’ learning style preferences and their satisfaction with online education
Alireza Tayebi Mohammad Javad Riasati

This study was an attempt to investigate to what extent Iranian EFL learners are satisfied with online education. It also aimed at exploring which type of learning style is more associated with learners’ satisfaction with online education. Further, it sought if EF چکیده کامل

This study was an attempt to investigate to what extent Iranian EFL learners are satisfied with online education. It also aimed at exploring which type of learning style is more associated with learners’ satisfaction with online education. Further, it sought if EFL learners’ perceptual style preferences modify their satisfaction with online education. To this end, 104 EFL learners from three English Language institutes in Shiraz (61 females and 43 males) with the age range from 13 to 25 were selected through convenience sampling. The Learning Style Questionnaire and the questionnaire on learners’ satisfaction with online education were utilized as the instruments of the study. The data obtained from the two questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively utilizing the descriptive and inferential statistics. Means and standard deviations, as well as the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and the One-way ANOVA, were run to analyze the data. The results demonstrated that although EFL learners were not satisfied with the internet quality, they were satisfied with online education in general, and four dimensions of online education namely instructor, course, technology, and environment. The results showed that among the three learning styles, the visual learning style was more associated with learners’ satisfaction with online education. Moreover, based on the results, compared with the learners with kinesthetic style, learners with visual learning style were more satisfied with online education. Finally, the pedagogical implications of the study for language teachers, administrators, syllabus designers, and curriculum developers were listed. پرونده مقاله

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180 - English as a Foreign Language Teachers’ Proactive Classroom Management Strategies and Their Self-Efficacy
Faranak Fadaei Abdorreza Tahriri

The present investigation investigated the proactive classroom management strategies and self-efficacy of 110 EFL teachers (77 females and 33 males) and examined if there were differences in their use of such strategies based on gender and experience level. To this end, چکیده کامل

The present investigation investigated the proactive classroom management strategies and self-efficacy of 110 EFL teachers (77 females and 33 males) and examined if there were differences in their use of such strategies based on gender and experience level. To this end, the study used the Competency and Behavior Management survey created by Herrera and Little (2005) and the scale for measuring Teachers' Sense of Efficacy created by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) were utilized in this study. Additionally, 15 teachers were interviewed to gather their opinions on management strategies and self-efficacy. The analysis of Pearson correlation indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between EFL teachers’ use of proactive classroom management strategies among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and their perceived levels of self-efficacy. Moreover, an analysis using the independent-sample t-test demonstrated a noteworthy disparity in the utilization of proactive strategies among teachers with varying levels of experience; that is, less experienced teachers used proactive strategies less frequently than more experienced teachers. No positive difference in proactive strategy use was found between male and female EFL teachers. These findings impact teacher education programs by emphasizing the significance of self-efficacy in managing classrooms. پرونده مقاله

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181 - An Exploration into Iranian Novice versus Experienced EFL Teachers’ Perceptions toward a New Model of Teacher Supervision
Ashraf Montaseri Reza Pajoohan Doost Davood Ghahremani

This study explored novice and experienced EFL teachers’ perceptions toward a four-stage (readiness, informing, improvement, evaluation) supervision model administered for developing teachers’ professionalism considering different components of a standard Te چکیده کامل

This study explored novice and experienced EFL teachers’ perceptions toward a four-stage (readiness, informing, improvement, evaluation) supervision model administered for developing teachers’ professionalism considering different components of a standard Teachers’ Professional Development (TPD) model. The participants of the study were 100 novice and 100 experienced male and female EFL teachers with different academic degrees from different regions of Alborz Province. The participants’ classes were observed, and appropriate feedback was given (readiness), then a gathering was held, and all the information regarding the procedure of a TPD teacher training course was declared (informing stage). After that, the participants attended a 45-session TPD course through which all the components and subcomponents of the standard TPD model were taught theoretically and practically (improvement stage). Then, the second series of observations were carried out (evaluation stage). Finally, to elicit deep and careful perceptions from participants regarding the effectiveness of the implemented supervision programs, 30 novice and 30 experienced teachers as representatives of the population were randomly interviewed, and the qualitative reports obtained from semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically. The results represented that although there were some differences between the shortcomings and needs of the two groups, the professionalism of all the participants in different components of the TPD model was highly developed, the deficiencies were to a large extent removed and they were completely satisfied. This study had some implications for the policy-makers, teacher supervisors, teachers, and school principals. پرونده مقاله

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182 - An Investigation into the Effect of Online Group Dynamic Assessment on EFL Learners' Grammar Achievement
Giti Komeishi Hamidreza Fatemipour

The academic discourse surrounding Dynamic Assessment (DA) acknowledges its significance within the realm of language testing, yet expresses reservations regarding its practicability when applied to larger groups of individuals. The aforementioned limitation of dynamic چکیده کامل

The academic discourse surrounding Dynamic Assessment (DA) acknowledges its significance within the realm of language testing, yet expresses reservations regarding its practicability when applied to larger groups of individuals. The aforementioned limitation of dynamic assessment has prompted the utilization of Online Group Dynamic Assessment (GDA). Regarding the role of GDA and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ problems with grammar learning, the present study attempted to investigate the effect of GDA on EFL learners’ grammar achievement. To this end, 70 students participated in this experimental research and were given the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). As a result, a total of 52 participants were chosen through a selection process involving the OPT with subsequent random assignment to both the experimental and control groups. Subsequently, a grammar test was administered as a pretest for both groups. The former were taught through online GDA through Adobe Custom while the latter had their own conventional method of explicit instruction. After 10 sessions of treatment instructions, both groups sat for the grammar posttest, parallel to the pretest. The application of the independent samples t-test revealed that there were significant differences in the post-test grammar achievement between the participants in the experimental group and the control group. Specifically, the individuals in the experimental group exhibited superior performance compared to their counterparts in the control group. The results of this study can shed light on the effectiveness of GDA, in grammar achievement among Iranian learners. In line with these findings, some implications for language stakeholders were provided. پرونده مقاله

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183 - EFL Teachers' Professional Development Needs: A Comparative Phenomenological Analysis for Face-to-Face and Online Instruction
Hossein Isaee Hamed Barjesteh

Teachers must be prepared to shift from face-to-face to online classes in emergencies like COVID-19. Fortunately, electronic learning made teaching a second or foreign language online possible. Online teaching requires EFL teachers to acquire new knowledge, skills, and چکیده کامل

Teachers must be prepared to shift from face-to-face to online classes in emergencies like COVID-19. Fortunately, electronic learning made teaching a second or foreign language online possible. Online teaching requires EFL teachers to acquire new knowledge, skills, and competencies. Professional development (PD) is necessary to assist teachers in developing new pedagogies and competencies and coping with recent roles in online learning contexts. In effect, this study aimed to screen EFL teachers' main professional development needs for quality teaching in both face-to-face and online environments. By employing a theoretical sampling technique, the researchers conducted phenomenological research and interviewed 18 experienced EFL teachers who had practiced online teaching during Pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were held, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The interviews were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding. Finally, it was manifested that EFL teachers have six PD needs for face-to-face classes namely pedagogical, language knowledge, classroom management, assessment, educational psychology, and material development needs. Moreover, findings revealed that EFL teachers' PD needs for online teaching could be classified into five main categories including pedagogical, content, designing and technological, communication and social skills, and classroom management needs. It is concluded that EFL teachers might feel uncomfortable teaching online courses because of the many roles and responsibilities. Therefore, it is necessary to determine EFL teachers' PD needs and competencies so that teacher educators and language institutes can design PD programs for online teachers. Findings have theoretical and practical implications for electronic learning experts, EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and language institutions. پرونده مقاله

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184 - Modeling Bipolar EFL Teachers’ Professional Identity Pattern: Investigating the Effectiveness of a Positive Thinking Training Course
Mahdieh Ghalandari Neda Fatehi Rad Peyman Seifadini

Bipolar disorder, as a known disorder throughout the world, negatively affects people personally and socially. In addition, it leads to malfunction and dysfunction in their profession. To help bipolar people, a variety of approaches have been proposed among which positi چکیده کامل

Bipolar disorder, as a known disorder throughout the world, negatively affects people personally and socially. In addition, it leads to malfunction and dysfunction in their profession. To help bipolar people, a variety of approaches have been proposed among which positive thinking training can be mentioned. Moreover, professional identity is of importance in the quality of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ teaching. This study, using a grounded theory design, aimed at modeling bipolar EFL teachers’ professional identity patterns before and after training on positive thinking. The participants consisted of 25 bipolar EFL teachers (16 males and 9 females) who were purposefully selected from EFL teachers teaching in private language institutes in Kerman, Iran. Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale and a semi-structured interview were used to collect the data. Concerning the results, a model was proposed wherein, before positive thinking training, the bipolar EFL teachers had a fear of teaching failure, did not emphasize students’ needs, used mainstream teaching methods, had the fear of being known as unknowledgeable, and had the fear of being known as irresponsible and unaccountable. However, after positive thinking training, the bipolar EFL teachers had good communication, classroom management, and motivational skills, were more willing to reach professional development and more proficient in the English language, used the best teaching methods, and had good verbal skills. The findings have some implications for EFL teacher education administrators and bipolar EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله

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185 - The Effect of Using EFL Learners’ Mother Tongue on Their Grammatical Knowledge Improvement: Investigating Two Proficiency Levels
Sara Shafiee Leila Akbarpour

ABSTRACTThe present quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring whether using EFL learners' mother tongue has any influence on EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement at two proficiency levels, i.e., elementary and intermediate. It also aimed at investigating wh چکیده کامل

ABSTRACTThe present quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring whether using EFL learners' mother tongue has any influence on EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement at two proficiency levels, i.e., elementary and intermediate. It also aimed at investigating whether there were any differences between elementary and intermediate EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement as a result of using their L1 in the classroom. To achieve this goal, 30 elementary and 32 intermediate Iranian EFL learners aged between 16 and 32 were chosen from an English institute in Shiraz. The sampling procedure was of a non-probability convenience type. The participants were divided into two experimental and two control groups. First, Oxford Placement Test was used to homogenize the participants at each proficiency level. Moreover, to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment and also compare the two proficiency levels regarding the effectiveness of the treatment, two teacher-made multiple-choice grammar tests, one for the elementary level and another for the intermediate level participants, were employed. Each of these tests was used both as the pre- and the post-test. In order to answer the research questions, independent and paired samples t-tests were run, and the effect sizes were estimated. The findings highlighted that the experimental groups at both proficiency levels significantly outperformed the control groups on their posttests. In addition, it was concluded that using L1 had a slightly greater effect on grammatical knowledge improvement of elementary than intermediate learners. پرونده مقاله

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186 - The Impact of Flipped Instruction on Developing Iranian EFL Speaking Skills
Marzieh Rezaei Khatouni Mohammad Javad Riasati Fatemeh Bahjat

Today flipped instruction is highly precious in EFL teaching since it provides autonomous learning and more collaboration through technology. Since speaking is the most demanding skill for EFL learners, investigating the effects of flipped instruction on EFL learners’ s چکیده کامل

Today flipped instruction is highly precious in EFL teaching since it provides autonomous learning and more collaboration through technology. Since speaking is the most demanding skill for EFL learners, investigating the effects of flipped instruction on EFL learners’ speaking is still a nascent area for empirical research which is the aim of the current study. Teachers and researchers try to find new strategies and methodologies of teaching to help learners learn this laborious skill, especially in the EFL context more convenient. To achieve this goal, flipped instruction made the way easier by applying technology and inverting face-to-face and online classes. The current study was an effort to investigate the effect of flipped instruction on Iranian EFL speaking skills development. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL university students were allocated into two experimental and control groups. A pre-test/post-test design was used to elicit the required data. The outstanding results were found after flipped instruction from the experimental group while there was not any significant difference in the post-test of the control group with traditional instruction. This study represents learners' speaking improvements through flipped instruction for being prepared before in-person classes by watching uploaded videos. Also, it provides recommendations and implications for future practice. پرونده مقاله

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187 - Iranian EFL Teachers' Professional Success in High Schools and Private Language Institutes: A Comparative Study
Zeinab Roosta Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri

The present study aimed to investigate professional success among Iranian EFL teachers in two different teaching contexts namely high schools and language institutes concerning their years of teaching experience, gender, level of education and socioeconomic status. Data چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to investigate professional success among Iranian EFL teachers in two different teaching contexts namely high schools and language institutes concerning their years of teaching experience, gender, level of education and socioeconomic status. Data were gathered from among 61 teachers and 600 students chosen from various private English language institutes and high schools in Shiraz, Iran. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire developed by Moafian and Pishghadam (2009). Results indicated that professional success of male teachers is higher than that of female teachers. Findings further illustrated that there is a significant positive relationship between English teachers’ professional success and their education level and socioeconomic status. Finally, it was found that English teachers’ professional success is higher among institute teachers compared with their counterparts. پرونده مقاله

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188 - IranianEFLTeachers’ProfessionalSuccessinHighSchoolsandPrivateLanguageInstitutes:AComparativeStudy
Zeinab Roosta MohammadSadeghBagheri Bagheri

ThepresentstudyaimedtoinvestigateprofessionalsuccessamongIranianEFLteachersintwodifferentteachingcontextsnamelyhighschoolsandlaguageinstitutesconcerningtheiryearsofteachingexperience,gender,levelofeducationandsocioeconomicstatus.Dataweregatheredfromamong61teachersand600 چکیده کامل

ThepresentstudyaimedtoinvestigateprofessionalsuccessamongIranianEFLteachersintwodifferentteachingcontextsnamelyhighschoolsandlaguageinstitutesconcerningtheiryearsofteachingexperience,gender,levelofeducationandsocioeconomicstatus.Dataweregatheredfromamong61teachersand600studentschosenfromvariousprivateEnglishlanguageinstitutesandhighschoolsinShiraz,Iran.TheinstrumentusedinthestudywasaquestionnairedevelopedbyMoafianandPishghadam(2009).Resultsindicatedthatprofessionalsuccessofmaleteachersishigherthanthatoffemaleteachers.Find-ingsfurtherillustratedthatthereisasignificantpositiverelationshipbetweenEnglishteachers’professionalsuccessandtheireducationlevlandsocioeconomicstatus.Finally,itwasfoundthatEnglishteachers’professionalsuccessishigheramonginstituteteacherscomparedwiththeircounterparts. پرونده مقاله

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189 - The Impact of Divergent and Convergent Tasks on Iranian EFL Students’ Reading Comprehension Success
Seyyed Amin Azimi Fatemeh Behjat Ali Asghar Kargar

This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of divergent and convergent tasks on intermediate EFL students' reading comprehension success. The participants of this study involved sixty male and female EFL learners who were enrolled in the intermediate level at K چکیده کامل

This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of divergent and convergent tasks on intermediate EFL students' reading comprehension success. The participants of this study involved sixty male and female EFL learners who were enrolled in the intermediate level at Kish English Institute in Yasuj. To make them homogeneous in terms of their general English knowledge, they were asked to take part in an English proficiency test. Having been homogenized through an OPT test, sixty students were selected and randomly divided into a control and two experimental groups. Then, a pretest was run, and participants' reading comprehension was assessed. For the treatment, during eight sessions, the participants in the experimental groups were instructed on convergent and divergent tasks. The control group, on the other hand, received a traditional reading instruction. Finally, as the last step of data collection, all participants of the experimental and control groups took part in a post-test of reading comprehension. After applying statistical analyses, significant differences were observed among EFL learners’ performances, and those who had divergent tasks could improve their reading comprehension better than the other two groups. پرونده مقاله

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190 - The Eﬀects of Guided and Unguided Semantic Mapping on Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary and Grammar Knowledge
Samaneh Jaberi Ehsan Rassaei

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191 - A Syntax-based Approach to the Production of English Verbs’ Argument Structure by Iranian EFL Learners
Shima Akbarnezhad Firooz Sadighi Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri

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192 - On the Relationship Between EFL Teachers’ Burnout and Their Affective Construct
Sanaz Maroofi Hamed Ghaemi

This study investigated the relationship between teachers’ burnout and their affective construct. For this purpose, 384 ELT teachers in different language institutes and schools in Mashhad participated in this study. There were both male (159) and female (225) tea چکیده کامل

This study investigated the relationship between teachers’ burnout and their affective construct. For this purpose, 384 ELT teachers in different language institutes and schools in Mashhad participated in this study. There were both male (159) and female (225) teachers with different experiences and in different ages. Two instruments were given to teachers and they were asked to complete and give them back to the researcher. One of the instruments was Maslach (1993) that is teachers’ burnout and comprises 22 items with different subcategories including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement. The other instrument was the affective construct questionnaire developed by Ghaemi (2012) for the context of Iran. After gathering the questionnaires, the researcher used Pearson correlation as the statistical test to find out the relationship between the variables in this study. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between teachers’ burnout and one of the components of affective construct, i.e. social composite domain. The other component of affective construct was a social focused domain. Regarding this component, the researcher found a correlation of (0.59) with teachers’ burnout. The correlation between individual composite domain and teachers’ burnout showed a significant and strong (0.73) result. The last component of teachers’ effective constructed which was significantly correlated with burnout was an individually focused domain (.71) correlation. پرونده مقاله

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193 - Instructional Efficacy of Self-Regulated Learning on Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability
Elham Tavallali Amin Marzban

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194 - Concepts of Negotiated Syllabus and Assessments in EFL Setting
Fatemeh Mollaei

One of the basic processes in language teaching contexts is the design of the curriculum and syllabus. Changing needs of language teaching leads to new syllabus, which appeals to the learners better than the others. One of these new models is the negotiated syllabus in چکیده کامل

One of the basic processes in language teaching contexts is the design of the curriculum and syllabus. Changing needs of language teaching leads to new syllabus, which appeals to the learners better than the others. One of these new models is the negotiated syllabus in language classrooms. A negotiated syllabus or process syllabus is very different from other syllabuses; this is to say this model gives students an opportunity to participate in the design of the language program con- tent as well as in assessment. This theory was originally born out of the need for a communicative approach. Supporters of this theory contend that a negotiated syllabus places students’ needs in the forefront. Stu- dents should be allowed to negotiate learning outcomes, to coordinate with teachers and other learners in a process of discovery, to involve in critical thinking and to relate everything they do in school of their reality outside the classroom. This study aims to discuss the implemen- tation of a particular kind of syllabus known as a negotiated syllabus and negotiated assessment in EFL setting. It is an attempt to consider how negotiated work can help learners learn and how they can manage their own learning in creating learning opportunities for themselves and each other, and to feel confident that the learning opportunities they create fit their own individual needs پرونده مقاله

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195 - Web-Based Writing Lessons in EFL Contexts: Instruction on Coherent Writing
Seyyedeh Susan Marandi Fatemeh Nami

In Iranian language learning contexts, writing in English is an important challenge for learners, since it is usually treated as a secondary skill and is led to the periphery of language classes, due to its time-consuming nature. Computer technology and namely the fr چکیده کامل

In Iranian language learning contexts, writing in English is an important challenge for learners, since it is usually treated as a secondary skill and is led to the periphery of language classes, due to its time-consuming nature. Computer technology and namely the free online environments available in the World Wide Web (WWW) offer possibilities for moving beyond such confinements. Asynchronous discussion forums and web-based materials, for instance, can facilitate e-writing in addition to being motivational and engaging. Such environments can compensate for the time limitations which restrict language classes, and also offer equal learning opportunities to all learners. The present experimental research investigates how implementing technology i.e., web- based writing lessons can enhance the degree of coherence in participants’ English essays. The data consists of the results of the pre- and post-treatment TOEFL-like writing exams, which were scored according to the degree of coherence they demonstrated. The participants included forty female Iranian students studying English as a foreign language in a private institute in Tehran. They were randomly divided into comparison and experimental groups. The experimental group used an educational website entitled “Writing Snapshot: Web-Based Writing Lessons for EFL Learners,” specifically designed for this purpose; and their classes were held in the computer lab of the institute. The comparison group received a conventional book-based treatment. The results revealed that the essays of the participants in the experimental group working with web-based lessons demonstrated a statistically significantly higher frequency and diversity of indicators of coherence. It would seem, therefore, that introducing new technologies into language classes can open new horizons for EFL writing practice. پرونده مقاله

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196 - Iranian EFL Learners’ Perception of Autonomous Language Learning in Language Classrooms
Sohrab Azizi

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197 - The Effect of Iranian EFL Learners’ Attitude towards English Language Learning on Their Autonomy
Nasser Rashidi Hasti Nazemi

In the process of English learning, each learner has his/her own attitude towards learning. In this path, s/he should feel free to be responsible for what s/he wants and seeks to learn which shows how autonomous the learner is. This study is based on the hypotheses that چکیده کامل

In the process of English learning, each learner has his/her own attitude towards learning. In this path, s/he should feel free to be responsible for what s/he wants and seeks to learn which shows how autonomous the learner is. This study is based on the hypotheses that there is a relationship between what the learner feels towards English language learning and his/her level of autonomy. For this aim, forty Iranian EFL learners were involved in this study. They were all females and studied English as their foreign language at Iran Language Institute. Twenty of them were put into an experimental group and received a treatment. The treatment was used to improve their positive attitudes towards learning English. The second group, known as a control group also consisted of twenty learners but no treatment was applied to this group. Before the study has begun, the two groups received two sets of questionnaires on autonomy and attitude as a pretest to measure their attitude towards learning English. The posttest which was the same questionnaire was given to the experimental group after the application of the treatment, and to the control group which received no treatment. In order to see if there is a relationship between the learners’ attitude and their level of autonomy or not, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the significance of the relationship. T-tests were conducted between and within the groups. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the learners’ attitude and their level of autonomy and the significance of this relationship was also clarified پرونده مقاله

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198 - The Application of Ellis’s Principles for Effective Instructed Foreign Language Learning in Iranian Language Institutes and High Schools
Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri Marzieh Mehrnoush

This study attempts to investigate Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of the application of Ellis’s (2005) principles for successful instructed language learning in their language classes. To this end, a group of EFL teachers comprising high school and private چکیده کامل

This study attempts to investigate Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of the application of Ellis’s (2005) principles for successful instructed language learning in their language classes. To this end, a group of EFL teachers comprising high school and private language institute teachers took part in the study. The required data were gath- ered through a self-completion questionnaire developed by Howard and Millar (2009). Qualitative analysis of data revealed the teachers’ per- ception of the principles, as well as the principles they perceived to be most important to them, and the challenges they faced in implement- ing the principles in their language classes. These constraints included lack of time, the context of learning, the large number of students in classes, the testing system of the educational system, and the nature and structure of the language books. Results of independent samples t-test also indicated that those teachers who taught in the private lan- guage institute had a higher perception of the principles and were thus more successful than high school teachers in implementing them in their language classes. Based on the findings of the study, a number of peda- gogical implications for language teachers and syllabus and curriculum developers are stated. پرونده مقاله

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199 - The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Expressions of Gratitude among Iranian Upper-Intermediate EFL Learners
Oranoos Rezaei Mohammad Bavali

This study investigated the relationship between cultural intelligence and the use of expressions of gratitude among Iranian upper intermediate EFL learners. 50 upper intermediate learners were selected through purposive sampling, with their proficiency level being cont چکیده کامل

This study investigated the relationship between cultural intelligence and the use of expressions of gratitude among Iranian upper intermediate EFL learners. 50 upper intermediate learners were selected through purposive sampling, with their proficiency level being controlled. A discourse completion test (DCT) for the expressions of gratitude and a cultural intelligence scale were given to the participants of the study. Learners' DCT responses and cultural intelligence were rated on a five-point Likert scale and then analyzed. Statistical test including Pearson Correlation was used to test the hypothesis. The results of the analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between cultural intelligence and the use of expressions of gratitude. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cultural intelligence, in general, and its level, in particular, may not have any influence on Iranian upper intermediate EFL Learners' use of expressions of gratitude, implying that at least in the case of acquiring expressions of gratitude, there seems to be no reason to capitalize much on learners' cultural intelligence. پرونده مقاله

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200 - The Use of Supplementary Materials by Iranian EFL Teachers at High Schools for Talented Students
Masoomeh Salehi Mostafa Zamanian

One of the main concerns of teachers in modern learner-centered approaches is whether published teaching materials can meet the needs of students at a particular leaning situation or the teachers ought to prepare their own materials. This dilemma gets worse when the چکیده کامل

One of the main concerns of teachers in modern learner-centered approaches is whether published teaching materials can meet the needs of students at a particular leaning situation or the teachers ought to prepare their own materials. This dilemma gets worse when the teaching situation includes a textbook prescribed by an authority such as the Ministry of Education. In such cases, the teacher has to compensate for the deficiencies of the textbook by providing the students with supplementary materials. The aim of this study is to see whether Iranian EFL teachers are aware of and cater for the needs of their students by providing them with supplementary materials. In this study, teachers teaching at high schools for talented students were chosen because their students have definitely different needs from others. Forty teachers at 23 high schools for talented students in different parts of Iran were interviewed in person or through the telephone. The teachers who taught at other schools too (21 teachers) were also asked whether they used the same supplementary materials at other schools. Moreover, the teachers who used supplementary materials were also asked about the types of materials they used. The results showed that 33 (82.5%) teachers used supplementary materials at schools for talented students. Out of 21 teachers who taught at other schools, 14 (66.66%) teachers used no or different supplementary materials at other schools. It indicates that teachers adjust supplementary materials to the needs and abilities of their students. Considering the types of materials, teachers used different types of materials at different grades of high school, indicating their awareness of different needs of students at different grades. پرونده مقاله

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201 - Predict the Stock price crash risk by using firefly algorithm and comparison with regression
Serveh Farzad Esfandiar Malekian Hossein Fakhari Jamal Ghasemi

10.22034/amfa.2018.540830

Stock price crash risk is a phenomenon in which stock prices are subject to severe negative and sudden adjustments. So far, different approaches have been proposed to model and predict the stock price crash risk, which in most cases have been the main emphasis on the fa چکیده کامل

Stock price crash risk is a phenomenon in which stock prices are subject to severe negative and sudden adjustments. So far, different approaches have been proposed to model and predict the stock price crash risk, which in most cases have been the main emphasis on the factors affecting it, and often traditional methods have been used for prediction. On the other hand, using Meta Heuristic Algorithms, has led to a lot of research in the field of finance and accounting. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to model the Stock price crash risk of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange using firefly algorithm and compare the results with multivariate regression as a traditional method. Of the companies listed on the stock exchange, 101 companies have been selected as samples. Initially, 19 independent variables were introduced into the model as input property of the particle accumulation algorithm, which was considered as a feature selection method. Finally, in each of the different criteria for calculating the risk Stock price crash risk, some optimal variables were selected, then using firefly algorithm and multivariate regression, the stock price crash risk was predicted and results were compared. To quantify the Stock price crash risk, three criteria for negative skewness, high fluctuations and maximum sigma have been used. Two methods of MSE and MAE have been used to compare the methods. The results show that the ability of meta-meta-heuristic methods to predict the risk Stock price crash risk is not generally higher than the traditional method of multivariate regression, And the research hypothesis was not approved. پرونده مقاله

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202 - بررسی اثرات زیر کشندگی حشره‌کش‌های اپیل، اباکمتین و امیداکلروپراید روی طول عمر مراحل مختلف زیستی سفید بالک گلخانه‌ای(Hem.:Aleyrodidae) Trialeurodes vaporariorum در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
علی بهشتی سهراب ایمانی هادی زهدی سیاوش تیرگری محمد عبدی گودرزی

سفیدبالک گلخانه، (Trialeurodes vaporarium (westwood یکی از مهمترین آفات گیاهی روی گیاهان گلخانه ای در ایران و جهان می‌باشد. با توجه به مقاومت سفید بالک‌های گلخانه‌ای به حشره‌کش های رایج و مضر بودن این حشره کش‌ها برای محیط زیست، باید به دنبال ترکیبات جدید و ایمن جهت مبار چکیده کامل

سفیدبالک گلخانه، (Trialeurodes vaporarium (westwood یکی از مهمترین آفات گیاهی روی گیاهان گلخانه ای در ایران و جهان می‌باشد. با توجه به مقاومت سفید بالک‌های گلخانه‌ای به حشره‌کش های رایج و مضر بودن این حشره کش‌ها برای محیط زیست، باید به دنبال ترکیبات جدید و ایمن جهت مبارزه با این آفت بود. حشره کش جدید اپیل با ترکیبی جدید ضمن کنترل این آفت برای محیط زیست نیز کم خطر می‌باشد. بر اساس نتایج زیست سنجی،LC30 به عنوان غلظت زیر کشنده در نظر گرفته شد. مقدار LC30 برای حشره کش‌های اپیل، اباکمتین و امیداکلروپرید به ترتیب 1.31 ، 00448/0 و 00868/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بصورت اسپری مستقیم به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد این غلظت زیر کشنده سبب کاهش طول دوره تفریخ تخم برای حشره کش‌های اپیل، اباکمتین و امیداکلروپرید به ترتیب به میزان 11.33 ، 5.45 و 4.53 درصد نسبت به شاهد شده که کمتربن طول دروه تخم مربوط به حشره کش اپیل می‌باشد. همچنین حشره‌کش اپیل سبب افزایش طول دوره لاروی به میزان 5.13 درصد و دوره شفیرگی به میزان 0.62 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد که در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها اختلاف معنی دارد. همچنین دوران زندگی حشرات کامل به میزان38.64 درصد کاهش یافت. بطور کلی کاربرد این دز زیر کشنده حشره کش اپیل سبب کاهش طول دوره ی زندگی سفید بالک گلخانه ای می‌شود. پرونده مقاله

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203 - اثر چند حشره کش گیاهی و شیمیایی بر سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood ,1856) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلدانی
امیر موذنی محمد رضا باقری بهنام امیری بشلی محمد رضا شهسواری

اثر سه حشره کش گیاهی (سیرینول، پالیزین، تنداکسیر) و یک حشره کش شیمیایی (ایمیداکلوپرید) روی میزان مرگ و میر سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) بررسی و با یکدیگر مقایسه شد. اثر غلظت های 5/0، 9/0، 8/1 و 3 در هزار حشره کش های مذکور روی سنین مختلف پور چکیده کامل

اثر سه حشره کش گیاهی (سیرینول، پالیزین، تنداکسیر) و یک حشره کش شیمیایی (ایمیداکلوپرید) روی میزان مرگ و میر سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) بررسی و با یکدیگر مقایسه شد. اثر غلظت های 5/0، 9/0، 8/1 و 3 در هزار حشره کش های مذکور روی سنین مختلف پورگی و حشرات بالغ سفید بالک گلخانه T. vaporariorum به روش غوطه ورکردن برگ برای پوره ها و با استفاده از لوله های شیش ه ای برای بالغین در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. همچنین اثر حشره کش &lrm; های مذکور در شرایط گلخانه ای روی گوجه فرنگی نیز بررسی گردید. بین حشره کش ها، غلظت ها و اثرات متقابل حشره کش و غلظت در همه مراحل پورگی و بالغ سفید بالک در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. با افزایش غلظت میزان مرگ و میر افزایش و با افزایش سن پورگی میزان مرگ و میر کاهش یافت. در روش غوطه ورسازی ایمیداکلوپرید 3 و 8/1 درهزار و تنداکسیر 3 درهزار بیشترین میزان مرگ و میر را روی پوره های سنین اول تا سوم نشان دادند و از این نظر با سایر تیمارها اختلاف معنی دار داشتند. برای پوره های سن چهارم غلظت 3 در هزار ایمیداکلوپرید بیشترین کارایی را داشت و به تنهایی در یک گروه قرار گرفت. در آزمایش گلدانی نیز بیشترین مرگ و میر پوره های سنین اول تا چهارم ناشی از کاربرد ایمیداکلوپرید 3 درهزار بود، هرچند در سن دوم پورگی، تنداکسیر 3 در هزار اثری مشابه با ایمیداکلوپرید داشت. بیشترین اثر بر حشرات بالغ سفیدبالک گلخانه به ترتیب با 03/98، 07/96، 07/96، 07/96 و 11/94 درصد مرگ و میر بدون اختلاف معنی دار با یکدیگر مربوط به ایمیداکلوپرید (3 درهزار)، تنداکسیر( 3درهزار)، پالیزین (3 درهزار)، ایمیداکلوپرید (8/1درهزار) و سیرینول (3 درهزار) بود. پرونده مقاله

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204 - اثرسمیت چند حشره کش گیاهی و شیمیایی روی سن Macrolophus caliginosus شکارگر سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum
امیر موذنی محمد رضا باقری بهنام امیری بشلی محمد رضا شهسواری

یکی از روش های رایج برای کنترل سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum در گلخانه های گوجه فرنگی استفاده از سموم حشره کش گیاهی و شیمیایی است. برای ارزیابی اثر این سموم روی حشرات ماده بالغ سن شکارگر Macrolophus caliginosus آزمایشی با استفاده از حشره کش های گ چکیده کامل

یکی از روش های رایج برای کنترل سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum در گلخانه های گوجه فرنگی استفاده از سموم حشره کش گیاهی و شیمیایی است. برای ارزیابی اثر این سموم روی حشرات ماده بالغ سن شکارگر Macrolophus caliginosus آزمایشی با استفاده از حشره کش های گیاهی شامل سیرینول، پالیزین و تنداکسیر و حشره کش شیمیایی ایمیداکلوپرید و شاهد (آب پاشی) در غلظت های 5/0، 9/0، 8/1 و 3 درهزار به سه روش لوله های شیش ه ای در آزمایشگاه، آزمایش گلدانی و آزمایش گلخانه ای روی گیاه گوجه فرنگی اجرا شد. بین حشره کش ها، غلظت ها و اثرات متقابل آن ها در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. با افزایش غلظت، میزان مرگ و میر افزایش یافت. در آزمایشگاه، مقایسه میانگین درصد کشندگی حشره کش ها روی سن M.caliginosus نشان داد که 48 ساعت پس از آزمایش، ایمیداکلوپرید 3 درهزار با 100 درصد مرگ و میر بیشترین اثر و پالیزین 5/0 درهزار با 8/23 درصد مرگ و میر کمترین اثر را داشته است. در روش گلدانی ایمیداکلوپرید 3 و 8/1 درهزار با 23/97 و 34/94 درصد مرگ و میر بیشترین اثر و پالیزین 5/0 و 9/0 درهزار به ترتیب با 17/20 و 14/21 درصد مرگ و میر کمترین اثر را بر سن شکارگر داشتند. در آزمایش گلخانه ای ایمیداکلوپرید 3 و 8/1 درهزار با 46/94 و 66/92 درصد مرگ و میر بیشترین اثر و پالیزین 5/0 و 9/0 درهزار به ترتیب با 5/17 و 18 درصد مرگ و میر کمترین تلفات را به سن شکارگر وارد کردند. در هر سه تحقیق آزمایشگاهی، گلدانی و گلخانه ای بین غلظت های مختلف ایمیداکلوپرید با سایر حشره کش ها اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 5 درصد وجود داشت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده توصیه می شود از حشره کش های گیاهی مذکور در برنامه های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات به جای حشره کش های شیمیایی استفاده شود. پرونده مقاله

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205 - بررسی حساسیت مرحله لاروی شپشه‌آرد Tribolium confusum Duval (Col., Tenebrionidae) به حشره‌کش‌های IGR در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
سعیده لونی حسین فرازمند عزیز شیخی‌گرجان زهرا رفیعی‌کرهرودی

شپشه آردTribolium confusum Duval ، از جمله آفات انباری مهم در ایران می باشد. با توجه به خطرات زیست محیطی حشره کش های شیمیایی سنتزی، دانشمندان به دنبال ترکیباتی کم خطر از جمله ترکیبات تنظیم کننده رشد (IGRs) به عنوان جایگزین آن ها هستند. به منظور بررسی کارایی حشره چکیده کامل

شپشه آردTribolium confusum Duval ، از جمله آفات انباری مهم در ایران می باشد. با توجه به خطرات زیست محیطی حشره کش های شیمیایی سنتزی، دانشمندان به دنبال ترکیباتی کم خطر از جمله ترکیبات تنظیم کننده رشد (IGRs) به عنوان جایگزین آن ها هستند. به منظور بررسی کارایی حشره کش های IGRs در کنترل این آفت، سه حشره کش تفلوبنزورون، هگزافلومورون و پایری پروکسی فن در شرایط آزمایشگاهی روی لاروهای 3-4 روزه (جوان) و لاروهای 17 روزه (مسن) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که حشره کش تفلوبنزورون (47/116LC50=) و پایری پروکسی فن (04/307LC50=)، به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تاثیر را روی لاروهای جوان داشتند. همچنین دو ترکیب تفلوبنزورون (51/135LC50=) و پایری پروکسی فن (95/1513LC50=)، به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تلفات را روی لاروهای مسن نشان دادند. براساس مطالعات، افزایش غلظت ترکیبات، درصد تلفات در حشرات نیز افزایش یافته، ضمن آن که میزان تاثیر این حشره کش ها، روی لاروهای جوان بیشتر از لاروهای مسن بود. با توجه به نتایج به دست، حشره کش مهارکننده سنتز کیتینی تفلوبنزورون بهترین کارایی را روی لاروهای شپشه آرد از خود نشان داد و لذا می تواند به عنوان یک حشره کش کم خطر برای کنترل آفت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. پرونده مقاله

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206 - اثر دور کنندگی گیاهان بر جمعیت سفید بالکAleuroclava jasmini در فضای سبز شهری
مهسا سمیعی فرد ستاره مومن بیت اللهی شادی مالکی مریم طهرانچی

سفیدبالک jasmini sensu latoAleuroclavaمهم ترین آفتدرختان توت در چند سال اخیر فضای سبز شهر تهران می باشد. تعداد زیادی از گیاهان دارای اثرات فیزیولوژیک و رفتاری مانند دورکنندگی و بازدارندگی روی آفات می باشند. اثرات آن ها برای اولین بار با کاشت مستقیم گیاهان رزماریRosmarin چکیده کامل

سفیدبالک jasmini sensu latoAleuroclavaمهم ترین آفتدرختان توت در چند سال اخیر فضای سبز شهر تهران می باشد. تعداد زیادی از گیاهان دارای اثرات فیزیولوژیک و رفتاری مانند دورکنندگی و بازدارندگی روی آفات می باشند. اثرات آن ها برای اولین بار با کاشت مستقیم گیاهان رزماریRosmarinus officinalis، اسطوخودوسLavandula angustifoliaو شمعدانیPelargonum hortorumو نحوه استقرار سفیدبالک‌های توت بر روی آن‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در این تحقیق با رها سازی سفیدبالک های توت درون قفس های چوبی در شرایط کنترل شده به مدت سه روز تعداد بالغین مستقر شده سفیدبالک و تخم گذاری آن‌ها بر روی برگ گیاهان ذکر شده در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج به دست آمده میزان استقرار آفت روی گیاهان مورد آزمایش کمتر از شاهد بود. همچنین تخم ریزی بر روی هیچ کدام از تیمارها مشاهده نشد. بنابراین این گیاهان علاوه بر ممانعت از تخم گذاری آفت اثر دورکنندگی و بازدارندگی مناسبی دارند و می توانند به صورت یک راهکار کنترلی در فضای سبز شهری به کار روند. پرونده مقاله

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207 - بازتاب تنهایی زن در جامعه‌ی مردسالار در شعر سیمین بهبهانی و فاطمه ناعوت
روح اله مهدیان طرقبه علی حیدری

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسألة تنهایی زن در سایه‌ی مردسالاری و بازتاب آن در اشعار سیمین بهبهانی و فاطمه ناعوت می باشد. جامعه‌ی پژوهش مجموعه‌ی اشعار سیمین بهبهانی و دیوان اسمی لیس صعبا از فاطمه ناعوت است. نمونه‌های بررسی شده مقاطعی از اشعار سیمین بهبهانی و ناعوت است که به مو چکیده کامل

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسألة تنهایی زن در سایه‌ی مردسالاری و بازتاب آن در اشعار سیمین بهبهانی و فاطمه ناعوت می باشد. جامعه‌ی پژوهش مجموعه‌ی اشعار سیمین بهبهانی و دیوان اسمی لیس صعبا از فاطمه ناعوت است. نمونه‌های بررسی شده مقاطعی از اشعار سیمین بهبهانی و ناعوت است که به موضوع تنهایی اشاره دارد. طرح پژوهش روش توصیفی _ تحلیلی است که با استخراج بارزترین نمودها از بازتاب معضل تنهایی در شعر سیمین بهبهانی و فاطمه ناعوت، تحلیل و مقایسه‌ی این واگویه‌های زنانه و شاعرانه انجام شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان دادکه آن چه مایه‌های مشترک در آثار این دو شاعر را بیشتر می‌کند، زندگی در محیطی کم‌ و بیش مشابه، و همراه با محدودیت‌ها و سنت‌های کهنه، و زن‌ستیزی ناشی از فرهنگ مردسالار است که جامعة سنتی ایران و مصر با آن دست‌به‌گریبان است. نتایج نیز گویای این است که انزوای زن، محدودیت او در برقراری روابط اجتماعی، محروم بودن از احترام و جایگاه مناسب و غلبة مردسالاری در تمامی مناسبات زندگی خانوادگی و اجتماعی، بخش عمده‌ای از دغدغه‌های هردو شاعر را شکل داده، و باعث شده حجم قابل توجهی از سروده‌های این دو بانو، به بازنمایی تنهایی زن در جامعه‌ی مردسالار اختصاص یابد. پرونده مقاله

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208 - بررسی تطبیقی خطاهای نگارشی دانشجویان ایرانی زبان های انگلیسی و عربی
مهدی حسین پناهی تازه آباد امید ورزنده

هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی خطاهای نگارشی دانش جویان ایرانی رشته های زبان انگلیسی و زبان عربی از طریق مقایسه ی آنها هم به صورت مجزا و هم با یکدیگر می باشد. اگرچه پیش تر مطالعات زیادی در حوزه ی تحلیل خطاها در ایران انجام گرفته، کم تر به مقایسه ی دو زبان خارجی رایج در ای چکیده کامل

هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی خطاهای نگارشی دانش جویان ایرانی رشته های زبان انگلیسی و زبان عربی از طریق مقایسه ی آنها هم به صورت مجزا و هم با یکدیگر می باشد. اگرچه پیش تر مطالعات زیادی در حوزه ی تحلیل خطاها در ایران انجام گرفته، کم تر به مقایسه ی دو زبان خارجی رایج در ایران یعنی انگلیسی و عربی، پرداخته شده است. برای انجام این تحقیق، برگه های امتحان پایان ترم درس نگارش تعداد 107 دانش جوی رشته ی عربی (56 نفر) و انگلیسی (51 نفر) شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه کردستان و دانشگاه فرهنگیان، واقع در شهر سنندج، مورد استفاده قرارگرفت و خطاهای موجود در آنها برای انجام تحلیل توصیفی با استفاده از مجذور خی، با به کاربردن دو جدول مجزا برای انگلیسی و عربی و یک جدول مشترک برای خطاهای مشترک آنها، در سه گروه اصلی برای هر زبان، دسته بندی شدند. نتایج تحلیل، تفاوت های معنی داری را میان خطاهای صورت گرفته توسط دانش جویان انگلیسی و عربی نشان می دهد؛ با این وجود، در مواردی مانند مقایسه ی خطاهای مشترک میان هر دو گروه، به دلیل ضعیف بودن میزان تأثیر، نتایج باید با احتیاط تفیسر گردد. پرونده مقاله

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209 - بررسی ارتباط بین میزان هویت پذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی‌زبان) با خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان‌آموزان
عادل دست گشاده

این مطالعه به بررسی ارتباط بین میزان هویت‌پذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی زبان) با خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان آموزان پرداخت. هشتاد و هفت معلم از مؤسسات مختلف زبان در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند و به پرسشنامه‌هایی میزان هویت پذیری معلمان و خودکارایی پاسخ دادند. همچنین از ش چکیده کامل

این مطالعه به بررسی ارتباط بین میزان هویت‌پذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی زبان) با خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان آموزان پرداخت. هشتاد و هفت معلم از مؤسسات مختلف زبان در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند و به پرسشنامه‌هایی میزان هویت پذیری معلمان و خودکارایی پاسخ دادند. همچنین از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد تا میانگین نمرات کسب شدۀ زبان‌آموزان خود در ترم قبل را ثبت نمایند. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها وجود ارتباط موثرمعنی‌داری بین میزان هویت‌پذیری معلمان با میزان خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان آموزان را نشان داد. تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون به منظور بررسی اینکه آیا مولفه‌های هویت پذیری میتواند میزان خودکارایی معلم و موفقیت زبان‌آموزان را پیش‌بینی کند، به کار گرفته‌شد. چهار زیر مجموعۀ هویت‌پذیری یعنی خودهای ایده‌آل، خودهای باید، خودهای واقعی و خودهای ترس به‌عنوان پیش‌بینی کننده‌های میزان خودکارایی معلم درنظر گرفته‌شد ورابطۀ مثبت معنی‌داری بین این زیر‌مجموعه‌ها و خود‌کارایی معلمان وجود داشت. اما تنها سه گروه از این زیر‌مجموعه‌ها شامل خودهای ایده آل، خودهای بایدو خودهای واقعی با میزان موفقیت زبان‌آموزان همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری داشت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که خودکارایی و نگرانی در خصوص پیشرفت زبان‌آموزان از عناصر کلیدی فرایند هویت‌پذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی زبان) است. پرونده مقاله

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210 - بررسی تحلیلی و عددی انعکاس امواج فراصوت هدایت شده از سطح عیب خوردگی در لوله
پژمان تقی پور بیرگانی

در این مقاله ضریب بازتاب امواج فراصوت هدایت شده از سطح یک عیب خوردگی محیطی جهت یافتن رابطه‌ای بین این ضریب و اندازه‌ی عیب بررسی شده‌است. در ابتدا با حل معادلات حاکم بر انتشار موج به روش ماتریس کلی و با توجه به شرایط مرزی موجود در لوله، نمودارهای تجزیه سرعت فاز و سرعت گر چکیده کامل

در این مقاله ضریب بازتاب امواج فراصوت هدایت شده از سطح یک عیب خوردگی محیطی جهت یافتن رابطه‌ای بین این ضریب و اندازه‌ی عیب بررسی شده‌است. در ابتدا با حل معادلات حاکم بر انتشار موج به روش ماتریس کلی و با توجه به شرایط مرزی موجود در لوله، نمودارهای تجزیه سرعت فاز و سرعت گروه استخراج شده، سپس شبیه‌سازی انتشار موج با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اجزاء محدود آباکوس انجام شده است. به منظور تولید موج در لوله از مود طولی (2,0)L که از خصوصیات فرکانسی مناسبی برخوردار است استفاده شده است. پس از بررسی هم‌گرایی، انتشار موج در لوله‌ی دارای عیب با ابعاد مختلف بررسی شده است. در شبیه‌سازی انتشار موج، بخشی از موج تولید شده پس از برخورد به عیب، انعکاس پیدا کرده و مودهای مختلفی حاصل شده که با محاسبه‌ی سرعت مودهای بازگشتی و مقایسه‌ی این سرعت‌ها با نمودار تجزیه سرعت گروه در فرکانس 170 کیلوهرتز، اولین مود بازتابی مود (2,0)L و دومین مود بازتابی، مود (2,1)F می‌باشد. با توجه به ابعاد مختلف عیب، ضرایب بازتاب مختلفی حاصل شده و مشاهده شده که با افزایش عمق عیب، ضریب انعکاس موج بازتابی طولی نیز افزایش پیدا می‌کند. در این مقاله همچنین تاثیر پهنای خوردگی محیطی بر روی ضریب انعکاس موج طولی نیز بررسی شده و مشاهده شده که ضریب انعکاس امواج فقط به عمق عیب بستگی داشته و با تغییر پهنای خوردگی محیطی تغییر چندانی ندارد. پرونده مقاله

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211 - مطالعه ی اثربخشی یادگیری معکوس بر تفکر تاملی دانش آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه در درس ریاضی
حافظ صاحب یار غلامرضا گل محمدنژاد عیسی برقی

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی راهبرد یادگیری معکوس بر بهبود تفکر تاملی و مولفه های آن در دانش آموزان پسر دوره دوم متوسطه در درس ریاضی انجام شد. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ نیمه آزمایشی با پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با یک گروه گواه بود؛ و جامعه ی آماری آن، کلیه دانش آموزان پسر پایه چکیده کامل

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی راهبرد یادگیری معکوس بر بهبود تفکر تاملی و مولفه های آن در دانش آموزان پسر دوره دوم متوسطه در درس ریاضی انجام شد. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ نیمه آزمایشی با پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با یک گروه گواه بود؛ و جامعه ی آماری آن، کلیه دانش آموزان پسر پایه دهم تجربی دوره ی دوم متوسطه شهر اهر در سال تحصیلی97-96 می باشد؛ که از میان آن ها نمونه ای به حجم 46 نفر به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند. جهت گردآوری داده ها از پرسشنامه ی تفکر تاملی کمبر و لیونگ(2000) استفاده شد. در ابتدا پرسشنامه به عنوان پیش آزمون بر روی هر دوگروه(آزمایش و گواه) اجرا شد. سپس گروه آزمایش به مدت 13 جلسه تحت راهبرد یادگیری معکوس؛ و گروه گواه طبق معمول تحت روش سنتی(مستقیم) در درس ریاضی قرار گرفتند. بعد از اتمام جلسات آموزشی، بر روی هر دو گروه پس آزمون اجرا شد. یافته ها: داده ها با بهره گیری ازآمار توصیفی و استنباطی(تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری) تحلیل شدند. یافته ها ی حاصل از تحلیل کوواریانس نشان دادند، راهبرد یادگیری معکوس بر تفکر تاملی دانش آموزان موثر بوده است؛ همچنین براساس نتایج، تاثیر یادگیری معکوس بر همه مولفه های تفکر تاملی (عادی، فهمیدن، تاملی و تفکر انتقادی) مثبت و معنادار است. پرونده مقاله

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212 - Investigating the Possibility of Feature Extraction in Subpixel Scale from MODIS Images in Homogeneous Backgrounds
Mohammad Hosein Mehrzade Abarghooeea

Today, due to the access importance to precise, comprehensive and daily spatial information of the various phenomena and the change over time in terms of location and nature. In order to monitor their behavior and the possibility of planning and deciding in different ca چکیده کامل

Today, due to the access importance to precise, comprehensive and daily spatial information of the various phenomena and the change over time in terms of location and nature. In order to monitor their behavior and the possibility of planning and deciding in different cases, it have been attempting to improve the imaging performance with increasing spatial accuracy, radiometric spectra of the sensors. But each improvement stage requires time and cost, and taking into account different periods and sometimes long periods of imaging of a point on Ground level (low time resolution), which is due to smaller FOV (increased spatial accuracy). However, daily monitoring of many features is not possible, especially those that are smaller than the sensor's pixel size. Therefore, it is necessary to use, methods for features extraction from low resolution images, in which the feature dimensions and the spatial resolution of sensor is of fundamental situation. In this research, attempt has been made to investigate the possibility of various possible modes, including the location of the barge in the image, the images taken in different bands of emission, radiance, reflection, the presence of two features side by side, the effect of flame on adjacent feature, the study of noisy bands, the presence or absence of flame, non-solid features such as platforms and solid features, such as barge, on different days of the year. پرونده مقاله

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213 - The Retroactive Effect of L2 on L1 in Word Recall and Lexical Activation
افسانه السادات موحدپور امین نعیمی

10.30495/rpcl.2022.697271

The present study aimed to investigate if learning English as an L2 has an effect on word recall and lexical activation among Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, a sample of 45 male and female EFL learners was selected and they were classified into two experimental چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to investigate if learning English as an L2 has an effect on word recall and lexical activation among Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, a sample of 45 male and female EFL learners was selected and they were classified into two experimental and one control group, 15 each. Word recall and oral time-limited tests were conducted within the three groups; they had to listen to 16 non-cognate Farsi words, each by 2 seconds, remember and recall them to resay. For lexical activation, an experiment was carried out by asking them to memorize and retell words shown to them through a computer screen. Outcomes of the word recall test revealed that the mean score of participants with low exposure to English was higher than lower and upper intermediate. Results exhibited that the participants in the first group surpassed those in the experimental group in word recall test. In the lexical activation test, the control group who were participants with low exposure to English performed better than the participants in the other two groups. Results revealed no meaningful difference among the mean scores of the three categories in lexical activation test, though. The results of the present study have some implications for language teachers, material developers and students. In fact, language teachers can provide a link between learners’ vocabulary knowledge of two languages, and this way help their students to activate their L2 vocabulary knowledge more easily and with less cognitive load. پرونده مقاله

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214 - بررسی ترجیح تخم‌گذاری سفید‌بالک یاس Aleuroclava jasmini بر روی دو رقم زیتون در شهر تهران
معصومه درویشی ندا خردپیر

سفید بالک یاس (Aleuroclava jasmini) یکی از آفات مهم و اقتصادی است که خسارت آن به طور روز افزون در منـاطـق تحت کشت مرکبات ایران اهمیت یافتـه است و برای کنتـرل آن به دفعـات از مبارزه شیمیایی استفاده می شود. یکی از روش های مهم جایگزین برای مبارزه با این آفت استفاده از ارقا چکیده کامل

سفید بالک یاس (Aleuroclava jasmini) یکی از آفات مهم و اقتصادی است که خسارت آن به طور روز افزون در منـاطـق تحت کشت مرکبات ایران اهمیت یافتـه است و برای کنتـرل آن به دفعـات از مبارزه شیمیایی استفاده می شود. یکی از روش های مهم جایگزین برای مبارزه با این آفت استفاده از ارقام مقاوم است که نه تنها باعث کاهش مصرف سموم شیمیایی و اثرات جانبی آن بر محیط زیست و انسان می گردد، بلکه کارایی سایر روش های مبارزه را نیز افزایش می دهد. از آن جا که درختچه ‌های زیتون متعلق به خانواده Oleaceae از میزبان های این حشره محسـوب می شوند، در این پژوهش ترجیح تخم ریزی A. jasmini بر روی 2 رقم زیتون زرد و مانزانیلا با استفاده از قفس های توری در دما 2±27 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ±60 درصد و دوره نوری 16:8 (تاریکی:روشنایی) به طور روزانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیش ترین میزان تخم ریزی بر روی رقم مانزانیلا بوده که بیانگر ترجیح این رقم برای فعالیت تخم گذاری نسبت به رقم زرد بود. از نتایج بدست آمده می توان در برنامه مدیریتی سفید بالک یاس در سطح شهر تهران استفاده نمود. پرونده مقاله

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215 - Cognitive Styles and Sub-Skills: A Study on the Relationship between Reflectivity/ Impulsivity Dimension and Vocabulary/ Grammar Development among EFL Learners
Azar Bagheri Masoudzade Neda Fatehi Rad

Purpose: This study endeavored to find out the possible relationship between reflectivity and impulsivity as cognitive learning styles and vocabulary/ grammar development as sub-skills among EFL learners.Methodology: Two intact classes of the third-grade students were s چکیده کامل

Purpose: This study endeavored to find out the possible relationship between reflectivity and impulsivity as cognitive learning styles and vocabulary/ grammar development as sub-skills among EFL learners.Methodology: Two intact classes of the third-grade students were selected by the researchers and Oxford Placement Test was run for homogenizing them. After that, Barrat’s (2005) Impulsive/ Reflective questionnaire was given to the participants and they had to respond the translated items in a limited time. Regarding the score scale provided by the questionnaire, the participants were labeled as reflective and impulsive ones. Next, a standard grammar/vocabulary test, extracted from their book, administered to them and the scores were recorded by the researchers. Then, the scores of the questionnaires and tests sent to SPSS software for analyzing and interpreting the data. In inferential statistics, the researchers used correlation test to examine the possible relationship between the students' learning styles and their sub-skills development.Findings: Results of the study indicated a positive relationship between the students' sub-skills achievements (vocabulary/ grammar) and their learning styles (reflectivity/ impulsivity). In other words, reflectivity and impulsivity had effect on the students' performance in sub-skills, as the reflective students presented better performance and made fewer errors than the impulsive ones in vocabulary and grammar tests.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the higher the reflectivity of the learners is, the more successful they tend to be in such tests. It is expected that the findings of the research indicate the importance of learning styles in educational environment. پرونده مقاله

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216 - The comparative effects of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy in writing
Somayeh Hosseini Mahdieh Shafipoor Morteza Teimourtash

Grammatical accuracy has been controversial in L2 writing, and the utility of different types of corrective feedback has been enigmatic. Therefore, the present study attempted to explicate the impact of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on چکیده کامل

Grammatical accuracy has been controversial in L2 writing, and the utility of different types of corrective feedback has been enigmatic. Therefore, the present study attempted to explicate the impact of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy in writing. To do so, 60 Iranian male and female EFL learners were assigned into two experimental groups (i.e., intensive and extensive groups) and one control group. After taking the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the experimental groups received intended corrective feedback, while the control group did not receive any feedback. Then, the data was analyzed deploying both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed the outperformance of experimental groups compared to the control group in the writing post-test. Also, it was concluded that extensive recast can improve EFL learners’ writing performance much better than intensive recast. The findings have some fruitful pedagogical implications for both teachers and materials developers. پرونده مقاله

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217 - The Effectiveness of Social Media Network- Telegram on Teaching English Collocations to Iranian EFL Learners
Zahra Ahmadpour Kasgari Reza Mirarab Razi

Technology has a profound influence on schooling in the 21st century and educators are being challenged to incorporate technological innovation to assist students in their learning. Accordingly, the face of learning is changing in general and new technologies are offeri چکیده کامل

Technology has a profound influence on schooling in the 21st century and educators are being challenged to incorporate technological innovation to assist students in their learning. Accordingly, the face of learning is changing in general and new technologies are offering students and teachers tools and occasions inconceivable before. In this respect, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Telegram (as mobile technology) on collocation learning and retention of Iranian EFL learners. Participants of this study included 120 EFL learns (in two experimental (N= 60) and control (N=60) groups) who received different treatments over the study. Analyzing the results showed that there was a significant difference between the performances of experimental and control groups, of course, in favor of the experimental group who confirmed the effect of Telegram on improving collocational knowledge. This study implies that using the social media network- Telegram has various pedagogical benefits and it can be very promising in EFL instruction. پرونده مقاله

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218 - Effect of Corona Treatment Time on Surface Morphology and Dyeability Properties of Cotton Fabric With Reactive Dye
Hamid Akbarpour

10.30495/ijtnbm.2022.693582

In this paper was investigated dyeability cotton fabric sample using surface modification to corona discharged method. At first ,In accordance with the design of experiments, We exposed the samples to Corona conditions with power of 100 (w) and the main current was 4A a چکیده کامل

In this paper was investigated dyeability cotton fabric sample using surface modification to corona discharged method. At first ,In accordance with the design of experiments, We exposed the samples to Corona conditions with power of 100 (w) and the main current was 4A applied, at 60 and 300 secs and then dyed with Reactive Yellow K-RN Dyes. Then, scanning electronic microscope(SEM) was used to determine the effects of this operation on the surface morphology and also, a reflective spectrophotometer was employed to evaluate K/S , %R and L* a* b* values. Experiments indicated that dye stability of the samples were good and but with increased time of Corona after washing it was decline. Also, results showed that greater time of Corona operation at a constant pressure, enhanced cracks and pores on the surface morphology of the samples. As, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy test displayed the effects of the Corona operation on the determination of Surface changes as well as changes in the existing functional groups in fabric after being wash and finally, the optimal conditions of the experiment were determined using the statistical method of Central Composite Design. In fact, aim of this study was to investigate the dyeing properties of cotton fabric and surface morphology changes using corona operation and to obtain optimal dyeing conditions. The results obtained in this research illustrated that optimize condition of cotton fabric samples dyed with the Reactive Yelow3 dye for K/S1 and K/S2 at F-value ,respectively, equal to 29879.53 and 15940.10, پرونده مقاله

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219 - Optical Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polariton in Thin Gold, silver and Copper Metal Layers and Measuring the Metal Layer
Behnam Kazempour

In this paper, we employed the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique to theoretically and experimentally measure the thickness of metal thin films and compare together them. The computations of the present study were carried out using characteristics matrix method چکیده کامل

In this paper, we employed the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique to theoretically and experimentally measure the thickness of metal thin films and compare together them. The computations of the present study were carried out using characteristics matrix method. The ATR technique is based on the excitation of surface polaritons. In the ATR spectra polariton, the surface polaritons manifest themselves as sharp reflectivity minima. We used this minimum to measure the thickness of a silver layer coated on the surface of a prism. We observed that the measured value has a good agreement with the real thickness of the layer. پرونده مقاله

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220 - Calculation of Reflection Loss in Fundamental TE Mode Versus Angle of Tilted End Facet of Superluminescent Light Emitting Diodes
Mohammad Hosein Salman Yengejeh nasser moslehi milani

In this paper we study the acquisition of fundamental TE mode reflection in rectangular cavities from a tilted face (end mirror) of superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLD). When its width is 3 micrometers and the inclination of the mirror is 3 ̊, the result will be چکیده کامل

In this paper we study the acquisition of fundamental TE mode reflection in rectangular cavities from a tilted face (end mirror) of superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLD). When its width is 3 micrometers and the inclination of the mirror is 3 ̊, the result will be a reduction of nearly 20 dB of reflection. While if the width is 6 micrometers, the inclination of the mirror 2 ̊ will cause an excess reflection loss of 20 dB. The results obtained in our paper for small tilt angles are the Gaussian approximation of the guided state. While our results differ greatly from the Gaussian approximation for larger angles and larger reflection losses. پرونده مقاله

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221 - Application of Reflective Photography Technique in Visual-Semantic Evaluation from Citizens' Point of View (Case Study: Urban Landscape of Shiraz)
Hajar Asadpour Mahmoud Ghalehnoee Armin Bahramian

10.22094/soij.2023.1990228.1557

Semantic contradictions between the contemporary and historical urban landscapes have led to a crisis of meaning in cities. Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran, unfortunately, has undergone destruction in the modern era. This research aims to extract the meaning rec چکیده کامل

Semantic contradictions between the contemporary and historical urban landscapes have led to a crisis of meaning in cities. Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran, unfortunately, has undergone destruction in the modern era. This research aims to extract the meaning received by the citizens and compare the visual-semantic features of the city. Given this, a combination of photography with a structured questionnaire under the title of “Reflective Photography” has been utilized, with the assistance of “Photo Content Analysis” in the Atlas Ti 8 software. The results showed that the semantic parameters/factors “Sense of Place” and “Structure-Related Qualities” have the most repetition in both historical and contemporary urban landscape contexts and could be entirely beneficial to form a new meaning or strengthen the mental image. There is no meaningful link between meanings and the visual feature of photos, nonetheless, further developments should definitely consider attention to the “Sky View” and “Greenery”. پرونده مقاله

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222 - ارائه مدل پیش بینی عملکرد تیمی مبتنی بر مولفه های یادگیری تیمی، رهبری تحول‌گرا و انعکاس‌گری تیمی
محمدنقی ایمانی فاطمه قربان فریبا حنیفی

پژوهش حاضر باهدف ارائه مدل پیش‌بینی عملکرد تیمی مبتنی بر مؤلفه‌های یادگیری تیمی، رهبری تحول‌گرا و انعکاس گری تیمی انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر نوع داده (کمی) بود. همچنین این پژوهش ازلحاظ گردآوری داده‌ها، از نوع پژوهش‌های توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعۀ آ چکیده کامل

پژوهش حاضر باهدف ارائه مدل پیش‌بینی عملکرد تیمی مبتنی بر مؤلفه‌های یادگیری تیمی، رهبری تحول‌گرا و انعکاس گری تیمی انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر نوع داده (کمی) بود. همچنین این پژوهش ازلحاظ گردآوری داده‌ها، از نوع پژوهش‌های توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل، کلیه کارکنان وزارت آموزش‌وپرورش در کل کشور به تعداد 1700 نفر بود. برای تعیین حجم نمونه، از روش کوکران استفاده شد و تعداد 313 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده‌ها به دو روش اسنادی و میدانی(پرسشنامه استاندارد و محقق ساخته) انجام پذیرفت. در تحقیق کنونی، به منظور تعیین روایی پرسشنامه از روایی ظاهری ، محتوایی و سازه استفاده شد و برای تعیین پایایی،از آلفای کرونباخ(عملکرد تیمی، 75/0،یادگیری تیمی، 81/0، رهبری تحول‌گرا، 79/0، و انعکاس گری تیمی، 87/0) و پایایی ترکیبی استفاده‌شده که همگی مورد تائید قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها، از آزمون‌های الگو یابی معادلات ساختاری و آزمون t تک گروهی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های یادگیری تیمی، رهبری تحول‌گرا، انعکاس گری تیمی ، عوامل پیش‌بینی کننده عملکرد تیمی می‌باشند. پرونده مقاله

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223 - رضا قلی میرزا و سنت‌گرایی بازتابی
کرامت اله راسخ

هدف مقاله بررسی امکان کاربرد مفهوم سنت گرایی بازتابی با مطالعه سفرنامه رضا قلی میرزا است. منظور از سنت‌گرایی بازتابی واکنش سنت در ایران در مقابل خود سنت ناشی از برخورد با مدرنیسم غربی است. روش تحقیق کتاب‌خانه‌ای و با استفاده از اسناد تاریخی انجام شد. فتحعلی شاه جمادی ال چکیده کامل

هدف مقاله بررسی امکان کاربرد مفهوم سنت گرایی بازتابی با مطالعه سفرنامه رضا قلی میرزا است. منظور از سنت‌گرایی بازتابی واکنش سنت در ایران در مقابل خود سنت ناشی از برخورد با مدرنیسم غربی است. روش تحقیق کتاب‌خانه‌ای و با استفاده از اسناد تاریخی انجام شد. فتحعلی شاه جمادی الثانی 1250ق 1834 از دنیا رفت. پس از مرگ او بین فرزندانش در باره جانشینی او اختلاف افتاد. حسینعلی میرزا فرمانروای فارس جانشین محمد میرزا فرزند عباس میرزا را نپذیرفت و با نام علی شاه خود را پادشاه خواند. محمدشاه به شیراز لشگر کشی کرد، او را دستگیر و به تهران فرستاد. حسینعلی میرزا یک سال بعد ربیع‌الاول 1251ق (1835) در تهران از دنیا رفت. فرزندان او رضا قلی میرزا، تیمور میرزا و نجف قلی میرزا فرار کردند و به عراق رفتند و از راه سوریه و لبنان عازم انگلستان شدند. آن‌ها یک سال در انگلستان ماندند و جمادی‌الاول 1252 ق (3 سپتامبر 1836) از لندن خارج و از راه فرانسه، بلژیک، بایرن، پروس، اتریش و عثمانی محرم 1253ق (11 آوریل 1837) به بغداد رسیدند. رضا قلی میرزا تجربه این سفر را در سفرنامه‌ای نوشته است. سفرنامه رضا قلی میرزا را در چند محور بررسی می‌کنیم: 1) مناسبات اجتماعی و سیاسی انگلستان؛ 2) انگلیسی‌ها از دیدگاه او؛ 3) در باره و خود زندگی‌نامه او. پرونده مقاله

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224 - Analyzing the Impact of Using Multimedia Visual Aids on Iranian EFL Learners’ Oral skill
Fatemeh Mohammadi Sadegh Mahla Rafsanjani Feizabad

Using multimedia audio-visual aids stimulates thinking and improves learning environment in a classroom and they can be a helpful tool in the language classroom (Mannan, 2005). The present study made an effort to investigate the effect of using multimedia visual aids on چکیده کامل

Using multimedia audio-visual aids stimulates thinking and improves learning environment in a classroom and they can be a helpful tool in the language classroom (Mannan, 2005). The present study made an effort to investigate the effect of using multimedia visual aids on the learners’ oral (speaking) skill. This study is an experimental research and two groups of learners in a language institute were chosen to participate in the experiment. The participants of the study were made up of 68 advanced EFL learners in a language institute in Mashhad. To homogenize the study subjects to select an appropriate sample, a placement test was administered, and 60 students were selected. Then, they were randomly classified into two groups, i.e., control and experimental groups (30 Ss in each group). The participants of the experimental group were exposed to the multimedia visual aids in their classes, while the EFL students of the control group were instructed through the conventional teaching method and using ordinary material. The results indicated that the use of multi-media visual aids could positively impact the Iranian EFL learner's' speaking ability. Findings of this study have numerous implications for language teachers, practitioners and administrators. پرونده مقاله

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225 - A Comparative Investigation into Speaking Anxiety of Extroverted and Introverted Iranian EFL Learners
Arezoo Rezvani Bahador Sadeghi

This study sought to investigate the connection between foreign language anxiety andextroversion and introversion personality types. The way adult language learnersconceptualize their fear of negative evaluation as a component of foreign language anxietyconstruct was al چکیده کامل

This study sought to investigate the connection between foreign language anxiety andextroversion and introversion personality types. The way adult language learnersconceptualize their fear of negative evaluation as a component of foreign language anxietyconstruct was also investigated. To this end, 50 Iranian adult language learners were selectedas participants of the study and divided into two groups of extroverts and introverts. Thegrouping based on extroversion/introversion were handled using Eysenck PersonalityQuestionnaire (EPQ). Half of the students who had the highest score in extroversion sub-scalewere put into extroversion group and the remaining half were put into introvert group. Tomeasure level of students’ anxiety, Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS)was utilized. To probe the possible differences between introverts and extroverts in terms oflanguage anxiety, statistical technique of T-test was run. Results showed that extroverts weresignificantly less anxious than introverts. With respect to the way Iranian foreign languagelearners conceptualize fear of negative evaluation, a semi-structured interview was carried outwith 20 participants. After collecting students’ responses to the interview questions, contentanalysis was conducted to find the recurrent patterns. It was revealed that students had fear ofnegative evaluation from both teachers and classmates. Error correction and incongruencebetween teacher’s expectation and student’s expectations regarding language performancewere among the aspects of fear of negative evaluation. پرونده مقاله

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226 - The Effect of Error Analysis on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners of L2 Adjective Knowledge
Mahboobeh Joze Tajareh Mohammadreza Khodareza

The present study intended to investigate the effect of Error Analysis on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of L2 adjectives. The question of this study followed the fact that whether Error Analysis has any effects on intermediate EFL learners’ kn چکیده کامل

The present study intended to investigate the effect of Error Analysis on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of L2 adjectives. The question of this study followed the fact that whether Error Analysis has any effects on intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of L2 adjectives, In order to find the answer of this question, this article considered some issues about Error Analysis and their effect on L2 adjective knowledge. For this reason 60 intermediate EFL learners were selected by OPT test and were divided in two groups (a control group and an experimental group). Then the pretest of L2 adjectives knowledge was administered in both groups in order to find out about L2 adjectives ability. Then treatments were administered in both groups. Treatment in control group was the traditional way of teaching adjectives without attention to source of errors and in experimental group was teaching adjectives by using Error Analysis and considering the type and source of errors. After that the posttest was administered in both groups in order to find out the amount of progress between pretest and posttest. At the end, the data was analyzed by two ways, Independent sample t-test and One-way ANCOVAS. And the result of study showed that the null hypothesis of the study was rejected so the Error Analysis had positive effect on L2 adjective knowledge پرونده مقاله

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227 - Transactional and Interactional Strategies on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Spoken Language Performance
Mohammad Taghi Hasani Maede Siamakani

This study investigated the effect of transactional and interactional strategies on developing Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ spoken language performance. First of all, to homogenize the participants, the researcher administered IELTS speaking tests to 50 part چکیده کامل

This study investigated the effect of transactional and interactional strategies on developing Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ spoken language performance. First of all, to homogenize the participants, the researcher administered IELTS speaking tests to 50 participants as the pre-test in order to select the main sample of the study which were 30 students. That is, those participants whose scores fell between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 at intermediate level of proficiency. These groups were taught through transactional and interactional strategies using Speak Now books. After the treatment period and as the post-test, some IELTS speaking tests, which covered all the materials, were administered to these groups. After collecting the data, to test the research hypothesis and to answer the research questions, the researchers used t-test to investigate the effects of interactional and transactional strategies on spoken language performance of Iranian EFL learners. The findings showed that although the speaking performance of the learners improved, the differences among the groups were not statistically significant. پرونده مقاله

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228 - The effect of humorous passages on developing learners’ reading comprehension
Niloufar Poor Rahmani Mohammad Taghi Hassani

Sense of humor as a key factor for increasing the effect of instruction has been overlooked by research in the field of education. This study was an attempt to investigate the effects of the use of humor on EFL learners’ reading comprehension. For this purpose, a چکیده کامل

Sense of humor as a key factor for increasing the effect of instruction has been overlooked by research in the field of education. This study was an attempt to investigate the effects of the use of humor on EFL learners’ reading comprehension. For this purpose, a group of Iranian EFL learners were taught reading comprehension through the use of humorous passages while another group of learners were taught through neutralized passages. Eighty four students studying in different private language institutes in Takestan participated in this study. All subjects were male with ages between 16 and 19. The results of the study showed that the use of humorous texts significantly enhanced the reading comprehension performance of the EFL learners’. The results also showed that the learners’ motivation was enhanced through the use of humorous reading materials. پرونده مقاله

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229 - Failing a course: A diary case study of an Iranian EFL student
Alireza Bonyadi

Students’ failure in an academic course is usually considered as a common phenomenon in theeyes of instructors. Luckily, in recent years some scholars have attempted to reconsider the issuetrying to investigate students experience and perceptions on their academic چکیده کامل

Students’ failure in an academic course is usually considered as a common phenomenon in theeyes of instructors. Luckily, in recent years some scholars have attempted to reconsider the issuetrying to investigate students experience and perceptions on their academic success and failure.Taking attribution theory as their theoretical framework, these scholars have tried to shed lighton this neglected aspect of education. Drawing on a learner’s course diary, this paper explores anIranian EFL learner’s perceptions of difficulties and constraints in failing and retaking a courseon Linguistics. The results of the study indicated that EFL learner attributed factors such asexamination anxiety, deficient study skills as the influential factors of her failure. Furthermore,socio- psychological issues such as negative self-evaluation and peer- negative –judgementswere emerged as the most bitter experience the diarist went through after her failure. Based onthe findings of the study, some pedagogical implications have been presented. پرونده مقاله

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230 - A Comparative Study of Strategy Instrument through Process vs. Product Writing on IELTS Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners
Salimeh Safari Bahram Bagheri

The present study attempted to investigate the writing performance of EFL learners through process vs. product writing on IELTS test. To do this, the researcher randomly selected 60 candidates who wanted to take the IELTS Test. They had already taken and passed several چکیده کامل

The present study attempted to investigate the writing performance of EFL learners through process vs. product writing on IELTS test. To do this, the researcher randomly selected 60 candidates who wanted to take the IELTS Test. They had already taken and passed several technical courses regarding the skills in that test. After they were divided into two experimental groups, they were given a writing pre-test. Then, each of the process and product strategies were practiced with the experimental groups. The feedback that was given for the process strategy focused on the steps of writings related to that specific task with little focus on grammatical and spelling mistakes. On the other hand, there were strict corrections on grammatical and spelling mistakes of the writing tasks in product strategy. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the process and product groups. Also, there was a significant difference between the process and product strategy which indicated that process strategy was more effective than the product strategy. پرونده مقاله

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231 - The Effect of Using Input Enhancement on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners of L2 Adjective Knowledge
Mahboobeh Joze Tajareh Mohammadreza Khodareza

The role of input is vital in the process of foreign language learning. This article intended toinvestigate the effect of using input enhancement on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’knowledge of L2 adjectives. The question of this study lied in the fact that whet چکیده کامل

The role of input is vital in the process of foreign language learning. This article intended toinvestigate the effect of using input enhancement on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’knowledge of L2 adjectives. The question of this study lied in the fact that whether using inputenhancement in classroom has any effects on intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of L2adjectives. This article considered some issues underlying input enhancement between twolanguages and their effect on L2 adjective knowledge. The participants were 60 intermediateEFL learners were homogenized by Oxford Placement Test and were divided in two groups, oneof them was control group and the other was the experimental group. The next step, the pretest ofadjectives knowledge was administered for both groups. Then treatment was administered in theway that input enhancement was used in one group and there wasn’t any input enhancement incontrol group. After that the posttest was administered in both groups and at the end the data wasanalyzed by two way independent sample t-test and one-way ANCOVA. The result of studyshowed that the null hypothesis of the study was rejected. پرونده مقاله

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232 - The Impact of Cultural Orientation on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension and Achievement Motivation
Mina Sadeghi

This study investigated the effect of cultural orientation on reading comprehension andachievement motivation of the EFL learners. To conduct this study, the researcher recruited 60Iranian EFL learners at language institutes. All learners were selected from the intermed چکیده کامل

This study investigated the effect of cultural orientation on reading comprehension andachievement motivation of the EFL learners. To conduct this study, the researcher recruited 60Iranian EFL learners at language institutes. All learners were selected from the intermediate level.They were assigned to two groups; experimental and control groups. The researcher used a numberof cultural concepts and orientated the learners to these concepts as treatment in the experimentalgroup. After the treatment the researcher administered the reading comprehension post test tomeasure the participants’ reading comprehension and a questionnaire to assess their achievementmotivation. The findings showed the impact of familiarity with the cultural concepts beforestarting the reading texts on the participants’ reading comprehension and their achievementmotivation. پرونده مقاله

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233 - A Comparison of Professional Knowledge between Expert and Novice Iranian EFL Teachers at Iranian Language Institutes and Universities
Mahbubeh Yazdanpanah Rahman Sahragard

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and چکیده کامل

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and the results of a qualitative study. This questionnaire was administered to the whole sample of the study who was 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different genders and educational contexts. The participants were selected conveniently as going through random sampling was not possible. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, six factors emerged under the main category of professional knowledge for Iranian EFL teachers. The findings of this study revealed that: (a) Iranian EFL expert teachers have higher levels of professional knowledge than Iranian EFL novice teachers (b) expert teachers have higher levels of knowledge about language and knowledge of language skills and components than novice teachers (c) expert and novice participants of this study are similar in the modification they make in their teaching presentation, and d) there was not a significant difference between Iranian EFL expert teachers and Iranian EFL novice teachers due to knowledge of language teaching, knowledge of teaching methods and knowledge of language learning. پرونده مقاله

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234 - Metacognitive Strategy Instruction and EFL learners’ Listening Comprehension Ability: A Tale of Two Genders
Saeed Ranjbar Davood Mashhadi Heidar

This research aimed to probe the effect of two different models of metacognitive strategy instruction on the listening performance of EFL learners in Iran. 83 intermediate EFL learners in four groups, two male and two female groups were the participants. The participant چکیده کامل

This research aimed to probe the effect of two different models of metacognitive strategy instruction on the listening performance of EFL learners in Iran. 83 intermediate EFL learners in four groups, two male and two female groups were the participants. The participants in the first experimental groups – a male and a female group – were undergone a ten-week treatment including the linear strategy instruction of metacognitive strategies. The focus was upon planning, monitoring, and evaluation. The participants in the second experimental group were trained according to Metacognitive Pedagogical Sequence proposed by Vandergrift and Goh (2012) for ten weeks, and participated in a course in which a sequence of tasks helped them work on their metacognitive awareness of the processes underlying L2 listening through peer interactions. Through a test of listening comprehension, data were collected and changes were tracked in learners’ listening performance before and after the program. According to the findings of the study metacognitive strategy instruction led to a significant improvement in the overall listening performance of the learners in both groups, that is, no significant difference was found between two groups of male and female learners. Moreover, it was shown that the Metacognitive Pedagogical Sequence and the manner in which metacognitive strategies were presented according to this model led to significantly higher listening performance of EFL learners who participated in this study. پرونده مقاله

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235 - The Effectiveness of Shadow-Reading With and Without Written Script on Listening Comprehension of Iranian Intermediate EFL Students.
Meisam Shafiei Ramin Rahmany Ataollah Maleki

Listening comprehension is at the heart of language learning (Kurita, 2012). It is an importantlanguage skill to develop in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) (Dunkel, 1991; Rost,2001; Vandergrift, 2007).In spite of its importance, L2 learners often regard liste چکیده کامل

Listening comprehension is at the heart of language learning (Kurita, 2012). It is an importantlanguage skill to develop in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) (Dunkel, 1991; Rost,2001; Vandergrift, 2007).In spite of its importance, L2 learners often regard listening as themost difficult language skill to learn. In this study, shadowing as an act or task in listening, inwhich the learner tracks the target speech and repeats it immediately as exactly as possible, isrecommended to enhance the students’ listening comprehension skills. More specifically, thisstudy aimed at investigating the effect of shadowing with and without written script on theIranian EFL students’ listening comprehension. Seventy seven participants out of apopulation of ninety nine students were randomly picked through the administration ofPreliminary English Test (PET). The participants were three groups of intermediate level.The First group, did shadow-reading as the first experimental group with written script (groupA); the second group, who did shadow-reading as the second experimental group withoutwritten script (group B); and the third, who acted as the control group (group C or nonshadowing).The data were collected through the administration of a pre- test and a post-test.The analysis of the test scores, using a one-way ANOVA, revealed that the experimentalgroups (A & B) performed statistically better in the test. It also revealed that the shadowingwith written script group performed statistically better than the without written script group. پرونده مقاله

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236 - The Effect of Sentence-Writing Practice on Iranian low-intermediate EFL Learners’ L2 Grammatical Accuracy
Marzieh Rahmati Ramin Rahimy

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sentence writing practice on male and female low-intermediate students’ English grammatical accuracy. The question this study tried to answer does English grammatical accuracy can be affected by sentence writing practi چکیده کامل

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sentence writing practice on male and female low-intermediate students’ English grammatical accuracy. The question this study tried to answer does English grammatical accuracy can be affected by sentence writing practice. To find the answer to the question, 15 low intermediate level students from Kish away institute were selected. They were both male and female. Low- intermediate level students were deal for the current study because they were learning all skills of language at the same time, and they were familiar with some words, also their English proficiency was enough to speak English and to understand the importance of grammar but they were not high enough to not make grammar errors during writing. The students were selected via administrating OPT which divided into two groups, one Experimental groups (with sentence writing practice) and one control group (no sentence writing practice). And the results revealed that the male and female participants performed better on English grammatical accuracy. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

237 - The Effectiveness of Shadow-Reading With and Without Written Script on Pronunciation of Iranian Intermediate EFL Students
Meisam Shafiei Ramin Rahmany

Pronunciation is essential to appropriate communication because the incorrect use ofpronunciation inevitably leads to the message being misunderstood by the receptor. In spite of itsimportance, L2 learners often regard pronunciation as the most difficult language skill چکیده کامل

Pronunciation is essential to appropriate communication because the incorrect use ofpronunciation inevitably leads to the message being misunderstood by the receptor. In spite of itsimportance, L2 learners often regard pronunciation as the most difficult language skill to learn.In this study, shadowing as an act or task in pronunciation, in which the learner tracks the targetspeech and repeats it immediately as exactly as possible, is recommended to enhance thestudents’ pronunciation. More specifically, this study aimed at investigating the effect ofshadowing with and without written script on the Iranian EFL students’ pronunciation. 77participants out of a population of 99 students were randomly picked through the administrationof Preliminary English Test (PET). The participants were three groups of intermediate level. TheFirst group, containing 27 students, did shadow-reading with written script (group A); the secondgroup comprising 25 students, who did shadow-reading without written script (group B); and thethird, consisting of 25 learners, who acted as the control group. Each shadowing lesson wasconducted with the detailed instructions as recommended by Kadota and Tamai (2004). The datawere collected through the administration of a pre- test and a post-test. The analysis of the testscores, using a one-way ANOVA, revealed that the experimental groups (A & B) performedstatistically better in pronunciation. It also revealed that the shadowing with written script groupperformed statistically better than the without written script group. The implications of this studyare that shadowing, as a fruitful technique, can be incorporated into the teaching of thepronunciation to the EFL students. پرونده مقاله

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238 - A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Persian vs. English Subtitled Movies on Listening Comprehension Ability among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
sanaz darvishi Seyed Taghi Andi

The present study examined the effects of Persian versus English subtitled movies on listening comprehension ability among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To do so, 60 EFL learners were selected through OPT from two classes at a private institute in Sari, Mazandaran چکیده کامل

The present study examined the effects of Persian versus English subtitled movies on listening comprehension ability among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To do so, 60 EFL learners were selected through OPT from two classes at a private institute in Sari, Mazandaran province. The participants were classified into three groups: two experimental groups: a) English subtitle group (N=20); Persian subtitle group (N = 20) and a control group (N=20). The instruments of this study were listening pre- and posttests. The collected data were analyzed through a paired sample t-test and a One-way ANOVA. The result showed that both Persian and English subtitle films had a significant effect on intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension performance. Therefore the first and the second hypotheses were rejected. Moreover, there was statistically meaningful difference between the performances of experimental and control groups in listening comprehension after they received instruction. Therefore, the third hypothesis was rejected. This study had few implications for language teachers, practitioners and syllabus designers to use audiovisual programs in facilitating language learning process. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

239 - Game-based Teaching of Stress Placement on Multi-syllabic English Words
Musa Nushi Samaneh Shafeie Meisam Shafiei

Accurate pronunciation is an important component of language ability and the main outward linguistic sign of whether someone is a native speaker of a language or not. An area of particular difficulty for Persian-speaking learners of English, which may cause 'foreign acc چکیده کامل

Accurate pronunciation is an important component of language ability and the main outward linguistic sign of whether someone is a native speaker of a language or not. An area of particular difficulty for Persian-speaking learners of English, which may cause 'foreign accent' or misunderstanding in speaking, is placement of stress on multi-syllable words. Game-based pronunciation teaching can be a pedagogical option to tackle that problematic feature of English pronunciation as it incorporates both implicit and explicit approaches to instruction. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of using a pronunciation game on learning stress placement on multi-syllable English words by young Iranian intermediate EFL learners. Fifty-two intermediate EFL learners were randomly selected through administration of Preliminary English Test (PET) and divided into two groups: the experimental group (group A) containing 27 students and the control group (Group B) containing 25 students. The experimental group received game-based instruction and materials for eight class sessions. Two weeks after the final class, a post-test was conducted to find out the changes. The results showed a significant difference between the performance of experimental and control groups on the post-test. The experimental group outperformed the control group and indicated quite positive attitudes towards the use of the game-based learning of pronunciation. The researchers recommend using such games to EFL teachers in order to motivate and help their students learn pronunciation more effectively. پرونده مقاله

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240 - The Effect of Contrastive Analysis on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners of L2 Adjective Knowledge
Mahboobeh Joze Tajareh Mohammadreza Khodareza

Contrastive analysis of hypothesis is the comparison of the linguistic system of two or more languages and it is based on the main difficulties in learning a new language that caused by interference from the first language. The present study intended to investigate the چکیده کامل

Contrastive analysis of hypothesis is the comparison of the linguistic system of two or more languages and it is based on the main difficulties in learning a new language that caused by interference from the first language. The present study intended to investigate the effect of contrastive analysis on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of L2 adjectives. The question of this study lied in the fact that whether contrastive analysis has any effects on intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of L2 adjectives, In order to find the answer of this question, this article investigated some issues about contrastive analysis between two languages and their effect on L2 adjective knowledge. For this reason 60 intermediate EFL learners were selected by OPT test and were divided in two groups, one of them was control group and the other was the experimental group. After that the pretest of L2 adjectives knowledge was administered in both groups in order to understand about L2 adjectives knowledge. Then treatments were administered in both groups. Treatment in control group was the traditional way of teaching adjectives and in experimental group was teaching adjectives by using contrastive analysis between two languages. These treatments were administered for two weeks. After that administering posttest in both groups and at the end the data was analyzed by two way independent sample t-test and one-way ANCOVA. And the result of study showed that the null hypothesis of the study was rejected so the contrastive analysis had positive effect on L2 adjective knowledge. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

241 - Iranian EFL learners’ knowledge of overt pronoun constraint in English
Samaneh Afrazi Kalvir Ramin Rahmany

The present study aims to investigated Iranian L2 speaker`s knowledge of the overt pronounconstraint (OPC) in English. It also aims to examine L2 learners understanding of UniversalGrammar (Chomsky 1981, 1986, 2000, 2001) and if it is common to all languages. Specifical چکیده کامل

The present study aims to investigated Iranian L2 speaker`s knowledge of the overt pronounconstraint (OPC) in English. It also aims to examine L2 learners understanding of UniversalGrammar (Chomsky 1981, 1986, 2000, 2001) and if it is common to all languages. Specifically,this study takes a new look at the L2 acquisition of knowledge of the overt pronoun constraint(Montalbetti 1984) by Persian learners of English. The current work examines whether Iranianlearners of English can obtain native-like knowledge of OPC in their sentences. Forty femalelearners of English (intermediate and advanced) completed three tests, a Pet test and an EnglishOPC test with a Persian OPC test at the Kish English Language Institute in Tehran, Iran. Thesecomprised a multiple choice test for English language proficiency (PET test) to determine thelevel of each participant, and a multiple choice OPC test including English and Persian questionsto measure the possible effect of null or overt pronoun structures in sentence construction,evaluating the participants` knowledge of OPC usage. Results from the experiment show that L2speakers can successfully achieve knowledge of the OPC regardless of pronoun position in theirtarget language in both levels. However, the advanced level candidates performed much betteron the OPC construction in the English test than those in the intermediate. There was asignificant dependency between the English language proficiency level and the understanding ofOPC structures. We believe that language proficiency affects the use of OPC in learners ofPersian, suggesting that OPC may not hold true in different situations. The findings of thecurrent study may have suggestions for L2 learners and teachers. پرونده مقاله

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242 - The Effect of Working Memory Training on Vocabulary Recall and Retention of Iranian EFL Learners: The Case of Dual N-Back Task
Mojtaba Marashi

This study examined the effect of working memory training on vocabulary recall and retention ofIranian EFL learners using dual N-back task technique. To this end, 50 EFL learners at IslamicAzad University of Shoushtar were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 25) چکیده کامل

This study examined the effect of working memory training on vocabulary recall and retention ofIranian EFL learners using dual N-back task technique. To this end, 50 EFL learners at IslamicAzad University of Shoushtar were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 25) and control (n= 25) groups. Before the treatment, a vocabulary test was administered to the participants to assessthe participants’ vocabulary knowledge of the target words. The participants were taught 100English words in 20 sessions. In each session, the experimental group also received dual n-backtask to train the participants’ working memory. At the end and three weeks after the last treatmentsession, the vocabulary test was administered. The obtained data were analyzed through two-wayrepeated measure ANOVA and independent samples t-tests. The results showed that theexperimental group outperformed the control group in target words’ recall and retention.Implications arising from the findings and suggestions for further research are also explained. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

243 - Reaction Time in Phoneme Recognition: A Comparative Study among Iranian Upper-Intermediate vs. Advanced EFL Learners at Institute Level
Mozhgan Fallah Ramin Rahimy

The present study aimed to investigate of reaction time in terms of phoneme recognition: A comparative study among Iranian Upper-Intermediate vs. Advanced EFL Learners at Institute level. The main question this study tried to answer was whether there is no difference in چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to investigate of reaction time in terms of phoneme recognition: A comparative study among Iranian Upper-Intermediate vs. Advanced EFL Learners at Institute level. The main question this study tried to answer was whether there is no difference in reaction time in terms of phoneme recognition in Iranian learners at Institute level. To answer the question, 5Upper-Intermediate EFL learners vs. 5 Advanced EFL learners participated in the experiment of the study. They were randomly selected from among a population of 50, both female and male, aged ranged 18-35 via an OPT test scores. They were then divided into groups of 5 and assigned to Upper-Intermediate group vs. Advanced group. A phoneme recognition test was administrated to both groups, then, they choose the correct pronunciation of each word at a definite time. The researcher preferred to use Independent-Samples T-test between the posttest of scores of the study. The researcher applied descriptive statistic to analyze data. The results indicated that Iranian Advanced EFL learners received higher scores vs. Upper-Intermediate EFL learners in terms of L2 phoneme recognition پرونده مقاله

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244 - The Relationship between Learning Style and Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Speaking Performance
Mohadese Rabiee Mohammad Taghi Hassani

There are a number of factors which influence the success of learning foreign languageincluding students’ learning styles. This study investigated language learning styles of IranianEFL learners and their class achievement. To this end, sixty female intermediate l چکیده کامل

There are a number of factors which influence the success of learning foreign languageincluding students’ learning styles. This study investigated language learning styles of IranianEFL learners and their class achievement. To this end, sixty female intermediate learners ofinstruction and different ages (15-25), studying at a language institute in Rasht city wereasked to take part in the study. A 30- item language learning styles questionnaire developedby Reid (1987) was employed to elicit information for the study. The data obtained throughthe questionnaire were subjected to Pearson correlation in order to check the relationshipbetween the learning style and students’ speaking achievement. Results showed that studentsuse different learning styles in class and indicated that kinesthetic and group learning styleswere the most favorable ones among Iranian EFL learners. The aforementioned stylespositively correlated with the learners’ speaking achievement. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

245 - An Overview of Vocabulary Learning Strategies in English as a Foreign Language
Somayeh Shahidi Shalmani

Researchers in the area of EFL learning have tried to put the way(s) by which EFL learners learnEnglish vocabulary into some frames and present them as strategies. This paper reviewsdescriptive research on vocabulary learning strategies in English as a foreign language. چکیده کامل

Researchers in the area of EFL learning have tried to put the way(s) by which EFL learners learnEnglish vocabulary into some frames and present them as strategies. This paper reviewsdescriptive research on vocabulary learning strategies in English as a foreign language. Thereview focuses on common strategies that learners use in vocabulary learning such as dictionarystrategies, note-taking strategies, Focusing on Form: Word- Formation strategies, and it alsodiscusses other different strategies at length. پرونده مقاله

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246 - The Effect of Bilingualism on Iranian EFL Learners’ Multiple Intelligences
shabnam kurosh khanshan hassan asadollahfam

There is paucity of studies particularly on the possible relationship between multilingualism and intelligence in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context of Iran in particular and all around the world in general. The current study, therefore, aimed at investigating چکیده کامل

There is paucity of studies particularly on the possible relationship between multilingualism and intelligence in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context of Iran in particular and all around the world in general. The current study, therefore, aimed at investigating the effect of bilingualism on Iranian EFL learners' multiple intelligences (MI) across gender. To this end, 80 EFL learners, including 20 females and 20 males in each group, from Urmia state and Azad universities participated in this study. The participants were within the age range of 18-26. Data was collected through Multiple Intelligences Profiling Questionnaire offered by Armstrong (1995) including 40 items. Results of an independent samples t-test revealed a significant effect of linguistic background on the MI profile of the participants. In other words, it was in favor of bilinguals who reported higher level of MI. In addition, findings indicated no significant effect of gender on MI. The findings are discussed in relation to effective EFL instruction especially to multi/bilinguals contexts. پرونده مقاله

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247 - Standard English or World Englishes: Issues of Ownership and Preference
Ehsan Namaziandost Soheila Tahmasbi Arsh Hashemifardnia

The widespread use of English worldwide ended in Englishes which are plural when used by local language users. As these World Englishes, in contrast to that of Standard English, consider all realizations of English as equally valid, debates over non-native English norms چکیده کامل

The widespread use of English worldwide ended in Englishes which are plural when used by local language users. As these World Englishes, in contrast to that of Standard English, consider all realizations of English as equally valid, debates over non-native English norms, standards, and attitudes remain a question. Such diversities also level arguments against language ownership for communities in which English is their first language hence language models. In line with such arguments, the aims of this study were 1) to investigate, to what extent Iranian EFL learners, as a community positioned in the expanding circle of English users, present positive or negative attitudes toward World Englishes (WEs) and Standard English (SE) and 2) whether they claim ownership over English. Forty students majoring in TEFL were invited and their viewpoints were collected through three semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that most participants’ views skewed toward supporting WEs. Furthermore, they were more willing to call English as EFL learners’ property. Although they appreciated the prestigious stance of SE, they showed no negative views toward either WEs or SE. The study have pedagogical implications for teachers and practitioners. پرونده مقاله

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248 - Investigating the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Concept, Personality Traits and Teaching Styles
Mitra Zeraatpishe Elahe Mirhashemi Khalil Motallebzadeh

The quality of teachers has influence on the quality of educational services. Nurturing theteachers is actually a preoccupation for the educational organizations. The aim of our educationsystem is to produce successful, well-prepared citizens; therefore, careful examina چکیده کامل

The quality of teachers has influence on the quality of educational services. Nurturing theteachers is actually a preoccupation for the educational organizations. The aim of our educationsystem is to produce successful, well-prepared citizens; therefore, careful examination ofindividuals who teach at all levels is a critical step in meeting that goal. The current studyinvestigated the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ personality traits, teaching styles andself-concept. The population of the study consisted of 100 male and female teachers who teach inlanguage institutes of Mashhad, Iran. They were included 60 females and 40 males. In order tocollect data for the purpose of the current study, three questionnaires were utilized which pertainto the three variables of the study, namely, Teaching Style Inventory, Revised NEO PersonalityInventory (NEO PI-R), and Teacher Self-Concept Evaluation Scale (TSCES). To answer allresearch questions Pearson correlation was conducted. Results for the first major researchquestion indicated that there are significant relationships between all sub-scales of personalityand Teaching Style. Besides, the results of second major research question demonstratesignificant relationships between all sub-scales of personality and Teacher Self-Concept. Finally,the results of the last major research question showed significant relationships between TeachingStyle and Teacher Self-Concept. Findings associated with this study could significantly benefitteachers. The teachers may discover themselves as well as how to combine their personalitycapability to create their teaching techniques become useful which is required in achieving theeducation progress blueprint and achieving the National Mission. پرونده مقاله

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249 - The Role of Gender, Teaching experience, and academic degree in Iranian EFL Teachers' Burnout
Davood Mashhadi Heidar Hossein Safarpour

This study aims to examine the burnout level among Iranian English language teachers atTonekabon schools in Mazandaran province. More specifically, the present study intends tofind out the possible effects of the participants' gender, academic degree, and teachingexperi چکیده کامل

This study aims to examine the burnout level among Iranian English language teachers atTonekabon schools in Mazandaran province. More specifically, the present study intends tofind out the possible effects of the participants' gender, academic degree, and teachingexperiences on the three dimensions of burnout among Iranian English language teachers. Inthe present study, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Educatory survey (1986) was employedas the instrument to determine the burnout level among 30 teachers from various schools inTonekabon. A series of one sample t-test, Independent-sample t-test and one-way ANOVAwere used to analyze the data. The results indicated that all the respondents suffered fromburnout and females with less than five years of teaching experience, and bachelor degreeteachers were more affected by the burnout dimensions. The findings of the study may helpthe ministry of education to provide programs that can help alleviate burnout problemsamong the teachers. پرونده مقاله

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250 - Acquisition of English anaphora by Iranian EFL learners
Manizhe Rahamny

The present study examined the acquisition of anaphora in English by Iranian EFL learners as well as Persian speaking children. To do so, the study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, 40 intermediate female and male EFL learners were selected from Puyan I چکیده کامل

The present study examined the acquisition of anaphora in English by Iranian EFL learners as well as Persian speaking children. To do so, the study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, 40 intermediate female and male EFL learners were selected from Puyan Institute in Takestan, Iran. Then, an off-line based Grammatical Judgment Task was administered. In the second phase, 40 female and male children from Nazanin Kindergarten in Takestan, Iran with the average age of 5 were selected and were asked to participate in an on-line based Grammatical Judgment Task. In the third phase, 40 female and male children from Shadooneh Kindergarten in Takestan, Iran with the average age of 4 were selected and were handed picture selection task. The results of the study revealed that both EFL learners and Persian speaking children had the Chomsky knowledge A. This study may have implications for teachers, students and curriculum designers. پرونده مقاله

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251 - Investigating the Effects of Humanistic Elements of the Classroom Environments on Learners’ EFL Learning Development in Shahrekord
Esmail Hosseini Mona Shahbazi

With the emergence of learner-centered approaches to teaching, the importance of learnerautonomy becomes more and more evident. In addition, there are many of elements inEnglish teaching/learning environments that may affect the EFL language learner'sautonomous learning چکیده کامل

With the emergence of learner-centered approaches to teaching, the importance of learnerautonomy becomes more and more evident. In addition, there are many of elements inEnglish teaching/learning environments that may affect the EFL language learner'sautonomous learning. Thus, this study was conducted, aiming to find out the extent towhich students think the autonomy of the learner is affected by the elements of bothteacher's teaching and learner's learning in the teaching of English to the high-schoolagedstudents. The data of the study were collected by questionnaires, after which thedata were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that high school studentsexperienced an environment of English teaching/learning in the language centers, inwhich they have gained rather frequently their autonomous learning. Also the findingsrevealed that open discussion, classroom partnership and reflection of teaching/learningmethods ensure that the development of the learner's autonomy is supported inteaching/learning process sufficiently. پرونده مقاله

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252 - Investigation of the Relationship between Metacognitive Reading Strategies and Motivation: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners
Fatemeh Mohseni Zohreh Seifoori Saeideh Ahangari

This study was to investigate the use of metacognitive reading strategies, patterns of motivation aswell as the relationship between motivation and L2 readers’ metacognitive awareness andperceived use of strategies among Iranian EFL learners. A total number of 36 چکیده کامل

This study was to investigate the use of metacognitive reading strategies, patterns of motivation aswell as the relationship between motivation and L2 readers’ metacognitive awareness andperceived use of strategies among Iranian EFL learners. A total number of 36 intermediate studentsfrom an English Institutes in Qazvin took part in this study. They were asked to fill in twoquestionnaires: (a) a questionnaire on motivation, which was developed by Vallerand et al. (1992),and (b) a questionnaire on Metacognitive awareness strategies in reading developed by Mokhtari& Reichard, (2002). The results of the study revealed that: 1) In the category of metacognitivereading strategies, problem solving was the most frequently used strategy and global and supportwas the least frequently used one. 2) There was no significant difference in terms of type ofmotivation among Iranian EFL learners 3) Positive relationship was found between both types ofmotivation and use of metacognitive reading strategies. This study suggested that readers’metacognitive awareness should be cultivated and strategy instruction should be integrated intothe teaching of reading. پرونده مقاله

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253 - Providing a Recommendation System for Recommending Articles to users using Data Mining Methods
Reza Molaee fard Payam Yarahmadi

10.22094/jcr.2022.1966472.1278

Due to the growing number of articles and books available on the web, it seems necessary to have a system that can extract users' articles and books from the vast amount of information that is increasing day by day. One of the best ways to do this is to use referral sys چکیده کامل

Due to the growing number of articles and books available on the web, it seems necessary to have a system that can extract users' articles and books from the vast amount of information that is increasing day by day. One of the best ways to do this is to use referral systems. In this research, a method is provided to improve the recommender systems in the field of article recommendation to the user. In this research, DBSCAN clustering algorithm is used for data clustering. Then we will optimize our data using the firefly algorithm, then the genetic algorithm is used to predict the data, and finally the recommender system based on participatory filtering provides a list of different articles that can be of interest to the user. Be him. The results of the evaluation of the proposed method indicate that this recommending system has a score of 94% in the accuracy of the system. And in the call section, it obtained a score of 91%, which according to the obtained statistics, it can be said that this system can correctly suggest up to 90% of the user's favorite articles to the user. پرونده مقاله

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254 - A Hybrid Grey based Two Steps Clustering and Firefly Algorithm for Portfolio Selection
farshad faezy razi Naeimeh Shadloo

10.22094/joie.2017.276

Considering the concept of clustering, the main idea of the present study is based on the fact that all stocks for choosing and ranking will not be necessarily in one cluster. Taking the mentioned point into account, this study aims at offering a new methodology for mak چکیده کامل

Considering the concept of clustering, the main idea of the present study is based on the fact that all stocks for choosing and ranking will not be necessarily in one cluster. Taking the mentioned point into account, this study aims at offering a new methodology for making decisions concerning the formation of a portfolio of stocks in the stock market. To meet this end, Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making, Data Mining, and Multi-objective Optimization were employed. First, candidate stocks were clustered using two-step clustering method. Available stocks in each cluster were independently ranked using grey relational analysis. Firefly algorithm was employed for Pareto analysis of risk and ranking. The results of clustering in the stocks revealed that all candidate stocks were not placed in one cluster. The results of robustness analysis employed in ranking method verified the accuracy of calculations in the grey relational analysis through stock repetition of candidates in each cluster. پرونده مقاله

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255 - Vendor Managed Inventory of a Supply Chain under Stochastic Demands
Tahereh Poorbagheri Seyed Taghi akhavan niaki

In this research, an integrated inventory problem is formulated for a single-vendor multiple-retailer supply chain that works according to the vendor managed inventory policy. The model is derived based on the economic order quantity in which shortages with penalty cost چکیده کامل

In this research, an integrated inventory problem is formulated for a single-vendor multiple-retailer supply chain that works according to the vendor managed inventory policy. The model is derived based on the economic order quantity in which shortages with penalty costs at the retailers` level is permitted. As predicting customer demand is the most important problem in inventory systems and there are difficulties to estimate it, a probabilistic demand is considered to model the problem. In addition, all retailers are assumed to share a unique number of replenishments where their demands during lead-time follow a uniform distribution. Moreover, there is a vendor-related budget constraint dedicated to each retailer. The aim is to determine the near optimal or optimal order quantity of the retailers, the order points, and the number of replenishments so that the total inventory cost of the system is minimized. The proposed model is an integer nonlinear programming problem (NILP); hence, a meta-heuristic namely genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve it. As there is no benchmark available in the literature to validate the results obtained, another meta-heuristic called firefly algorithm (FA) is used for validation and verification. To achieve better solutions, the parameters of both meta-heuristics are calibrated using the Taguchi method. Several numerical examples are solved at the end to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and to compare the performance of the solution approaches. پرونده مقاله

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256 - تأثیر رهبری در مدرسه با خوش بینی تحصیلی بر اهمال‌کاری تحصیلی با نقش میانجی احساس تعلق به مدرسه
فرشته محمدی زهرا تنها راضیه جلیلی

پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر رهبری تأملی با خوش بینی تحصیلی بر اهمالکاری با نقش میانجی احساس تعلق به مدرسه در بین دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم شهر خرم آباد انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی همبستگی بود. نمونه گیری با حضور 384 نفر (235 دختر و 105 پسر) به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس از بین دا چکیده کامل

پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر رهبری تأملی با خوش بینی تحصیلی بر اهمالکاری با نقش میانجی احساس تعلق به مدرسه در بین دانش آموزان متوسطه دوم شهر خرم آباد انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی همبستگی بود. نمونه گیری با حضور 384 نفر (235 دختر و 105 پسر) به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس از بین دانش آموزان دوره متوسطه شهر خرم آباد در سال تحصیلی 1401-1400 انجام شد. برای اندازه گیری متغیرهای پژوهش از مقیاس رهبری تأملی در مدرسه (SRLS) طاهری و طاهری (1396)، مقیاس خوشبینی تحصیلی (AOS) تشانن-موران و همکاران (2013)، پرسشنامه اهمالکاری تحصیلی (APQ) سواری (1390) و پرسشنامه احساس تعلق به مدرسه (SBSQ) بری و همکاران (2004) استفاده شد. داده ها با ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و AMOS نسخه 24 تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بین رهبری تأملی، خوشبینی تحصیلی و احساس تعلق به مدرسه با اهمالکاری رابطه معنی دار وجود دارد (01/0>P). همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مسیرهای مستقیم این پژوهش معنی دار شدند و مسیرهای غیرمستقیم رهبری در مدرسه و خوشبینی تحصیلی از طریق نقش میانجی احساس تعلق به مدرسه بر اهمالکاری تحصیلی دانش-آموزان معنی دار بود. بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش، مدل نهایی پژوهش از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار بود (056/0=RMSEA و 05/0>P-value). پرونده مقاله

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257 - شناسایی برنامه درسی تأملی بر اساس دیدگاه متخصصان و مدرسان
نوشین شاه بهرامی مریم سیف نراقی عزت اله نادری

هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی برنامه درسی تأملی بر اساس دیدگاه متخصصان و مدرسان دوره کارشناسی علوم تربیتی بوده است. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و به روش زمینه ای انجام شده است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش شامل کلیه اعضای هیأت علمی و مدعو رشته علوم تربیتی در دانشگاه ه چکیده کامل

هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی برنامه درسی تأملی بر اساس دیدگاه متخصصان و مدرسان دوره کارشناسی علوم تربیتی بوده است. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و به روش زمینه ای انجام شده است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش شامل کلیه اعضای هیأت علمی و مدعو رشته علوم تربیتی در دانشگاه های آزاد اسلامی استان مازندران در سال تحصیلی 95-1394بالغ بر (185نفر) نفر می باشند که از طریق فرمول تعیین حجم کوکراین؛ (116نفر) از مدرسان ذیربط به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب گردیدند و به تمام اعضای جامعه متخصصان برنامه ریزی درسی(20نفر) پرسشنامه ارایه گردید و نمونه برابر جامعه در نظر گرفته شد و داده های مورد نیاز به وسیله پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمع آوری گردید. روایی ابزار مورد استفاده با استفاده از نظر متخصصان، و پایایی ابزار نیز با روش ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برابر 92/0 به دست آمد. داده های جمع آوری شده با آماره های آمار توصیفی(فراوانی و درصد) و آمار استنباطی (غیرمشروط خی دو) تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده حاکی از آن است که توجه و به کارگیری مؤلفه های تفکر تأملی در عناصر برنامه درسی (هدف، سازماندهی محتوا، روش آموزش و ارزشیابی) دوره کارشناسی علوم تربیتی از دیدگاه هر دو گروه مورد تأیید است. پرونده مقاله

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258 - تأثیر به کار گیری متون شنیداری بر مهارت گفتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی
رامین رحیمی سیده معصومه عصایی

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر به کارگیری متون شنیداری (شفاهی) بر مهارت گفتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی می پردازد. روش پژوهش از نوع شبه تجربی و طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 150 دانشجوی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن می ب چکیده کامل

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر به کارگیری متون شنیداری (شفاهی) بر مهارت گفتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی می پردازد. روش پژوهش از نوع شبه تجربی و طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 150 دانشجوی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن می باشد. نمونه آماری پژوهش شامل 60 ترجمه آموز کارشناسی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن می باشد که از طریق آزمون تعیین سطح OPT و به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و در آزمایش شرکت کردند و به دو گروه آزمایشی و گواه تقسیم گردیدند. سپس پیش آزمون مهارت گفتاری از هر دو گروه به عمل آمد و به دنبال آن هر دو گروه در معرض 10 جلسه تدریس مهارت گفتاری با استفاده از متون شفاهی (گروه آزمایشی) و بدون استفاده از متون شفاهی (گروه گواه) قرار گرفتند. پس از آن از هر دو گروه پس آزمون مهارت گفتاری به عمل آمد. ابزار پژوهش حاضر، پرسشنامه تعیین سطح آکسفورد بود که از روایی و پایایی مناسبی برخوردار بود. داده های به دست آمده با توجه بر آمار توصیفی(میانگین و انحراف استاندارد) و آمار استنباطی (آزمون تی، تحلیل کوواریانس و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند و نتایج نشان داد که مهارت گفتاری ترجمه آموزان در اثر به کارگیری متون شفاهی ارتقا می یابد. پرونده مقاله

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259 - اثر فاصله ردیف کاشت و مصرف علف‌کش‌ها بر کنترل علف‌های هرز، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد دانه و روغن کلزا (Brassica napus L.)
مرتضی نورعلی زاده اطاقسرا علی نخ‌زری مقدم ابراهیم غلامعلی‌پور علمداری مهدی ملاشاهی ولی‌الله رامئه

10.30495/jcep.2020.679072

کلزا یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دانه روغنی محسوب می‌شود. علف‌های هرز از جمله مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید کلزا هستند که کمیت و کیفیت محصول را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. به‌ منظور بررسی تأثیر فاصله ردیف و مصرف علف‌کش‌ها بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد کلزا، آزمایشی به صورت ف چکیده کامل

کلزا یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دانه روغنی محسوب می‌شود. علف‌های هرز از جمله مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید کلزا هستند که کمیت و کیفیت محصول را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. به‌ منظور بررسی تأثیر فاصله ردیف و مصرف علف‌کش‌ها بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد کلزا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در ایستگاه تحقیقات بایع‌کلای شهرستان نکا اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل آرایش کاشت در دو سطح یک و دو ردیفه و کنترل علف های هرز در 7 سطح شامل علف‌کش تریفلورالین (ترفلان EC‌48%) 5/2‌ لیتر در هکتار قبل از کاشت و مخلوط با خاک، کوئین‌مراک ‌+‌ متازاکلر (بوتیزان استار ‌SC‌41.6%) به ‌میزان 5/2‌ لیتر در هکتار پیش‌رویشی، ترکیب تریفلورالین 5/2‌ لیتر در هکتار با کوئین‌مراک‌ +‌ متازاکلر 5/2‌ لیتر در هکتار، کلوپیرالید (لونترل SL‌30%) 1‌ لیتر در هکتار ‌+ هالوکسی‌فوپ‌آرمتیل (گالانت سوپر EC‌10.8%) 8/0‌ لیتر در هکتار در مرحله 2 تا 4 برگی علف‌های هرز، پاراکوات (گراماکسون SL‌20%) 2‌ لیتر در هکتار در مرحله 4 تا 6 برگی علف‌های هرز و تیمار وجین و عدم کنترل علف‌های هرز بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با تغییر در آرایش کاشت و استفاده از ترکیب تریفلورالین با کوئین‌مراک‌ +‌ متازاکلر و یا پاراکوات به صورت هدایت شده در کشت دو ردیفه، محتوای کلروفیل کلزا به‌ترتیب به میزان 06/38 و 11/34 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافتند. همچنین، زیست توده علف‌های هرز به‌ترتیب 16/87 و 97/94 درصد کاهش و عملکرد دانه نیز به میزان 4/73 و 79/76 درصد افزایش یافت که خود موجب افزایش عملکرد روغن نیز گردید.به این ترتیب با اصلاح الگوی کاشت کلزا می‌توان با استفاده از علف‌کش‌های پاراکوات به‌صورت هدایت شده و یا ترکیب علف‌کش تریفلورالین با کوئین‌مراک‌+‌متازاکلر علاوه بر کنترل علف‌های هرز، موجب افزایش عملکرد شد. پرونده مقاله

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260 - رسانه‌های جمعی، هویت‌یابی اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی دانشجویان
داود ا براهیم‌پور غلامعباس توسلی

مقاله حاضر به بررسی رابطه بین بهره‌گیری از رسانه‌های جمعی و هویت‌یابی اجتماعی دانشجویان با میزان سرمایه اجتماعی آنان پرداخته است. با مرور پیشینه نظری و تجربی این دو مفهوم، تعریف هویت بازاندیشانه آنتونی گیدنز از هویت یابی در دنیای مدرن ملاک تقسیم بندی هویت اجتماعی سنتی و چکیده کامل

مقاله حاضر به بررسی رابطه بین بهره‌گیری از رسانه‌های جمعی و هویت‌یابی اجتماعی دانشجویان با میزان سرمایه اجتماعی آنان پرداخته است. با مرور پیشینه نظری و تجربی این دو مفهوم، تعریف هویت بازاندیشانه آنتونی گیدنز از هویت یابی در دنیای مدرن ملاک تقسیم بندی هویت اجتماعی سنتی و مدرن و طبقه بندی استون و هیوز از سرمایه اجتماعی ملاک اندازه گیری و تقسیم بندی انواع سرمایه اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در تحقیق حاضر که به شیوه پیمایشی انجام گرفته، از دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه های دولتی تبریز در سال تحصیلی 90-1389، 381 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای متناسب با حجم هر طبقه (رشته تحصیلی دانشجویان) انتخاب و مورد پرسش قرار گرفته اند. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، نسبت دانشجویانی که دارای هویت اجتماعی مدرن بوده و دارای سرمایه اجتماعی متوسط و پایین هستند، بیشتر از کسانی است که از نظر هویت اجتماعی در رده سنتی قرار داشته و از نظر سرمایه اجتماعی در رده متوسط و زیاد قرار دارند. تحلیل داده های جدول تقاطعی دو متغیر هویت اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی بیان گر آن است که هرچه دانشجویان از از هویت سنتی فاصله گرفته و در رده مدرن قرار می گیرند، میزان سرمایه اجتماعی آنان کاهش می یابد. دانشجویان سنتی‌تر دارای سرمایه اجتماعی بیشتری نسبت به دانشجویان مدرن می‌باشند. دانشجویان شهری از سرمایه اجتماعی نهادی و دانشجویان روستایی از سرمایه اجتماعی فردی بالایی برخوردارند. پرونده مقاله

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261 - تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی روند شکل‌گیری و تحول جریان موج نو سینمای ایران (1357– 1348)
علی صادقی فیروز راد

تحقیق حاضر با اتخاذ رویکرد بازتاب درپی این است که مشخص کند بین شرایط و زمینه‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی، فرهنگی و نیز جریان روشنفکری ایران بعد از اصلاحات ارضی از یک سو و از سویی دیگر فیلم‌های موج نو سینمای ایران چه رابطه‌ای وجود دارد. این تحقیق کیفی با به کارگیری تکنیک چکیده کامل

تحقیق حاضر با اتخاذ رویکرد بازتاب درپی این است که مشخص کند بین شرایط و زمینه‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی، فرهنگی و نیز جریان روشنفکری ایران بعد از اصلاحات ارضی از یک سو و از سویی دیگر فیلم‌های موج نو سینمای ایران چه رابطه‌ای وجود دارد. این تحقیق کیفی با به کارگیری تکنیک تحلیل نشانه شناختی به مطالعه این فیلم ها پرداخته است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌ دهدکه تحولاتی که در عرصه‌های ذکر شده جامعه ایران را تحت تاثیر قرار داده بود به طور مثبت یا منفی در فیلم‌های مورد مطالعه انعکاس داشته است. از جمله این تحولات می توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد: تغییر ساختار اجتماعی در نتیجه مهاجرت به شهر ها، تغییر نقش اجتماعی زنان و حضور اجتماعی آن ها، تقابل سنت و مدرنیته، تغییر نظام اقتصادی بعد از اصلاحات ارضی، اقتصاد تک محصولی و وابستگی به نفت، رواج مناسبات سرمایه دارانه، رشد مصرف گرایی، فساد و ناکارآمدی حاکم بر حکومت، جو نارضایتی و بی اعتمادی عمومی، بوجود آمدن حرکات چریکی، غرب گرایی یا غربزدگی، ورود عناصر فرهنگی جدید، فقر فرهنگی، نقش اجتماعی مذهب، نفی غرب گرایی، بازگشت به خویشتن، تعریف جدید از دین، نقش اجتماعی روشنفکران، تقدیس مبارزه، انتقاد از روشنفکران به خاطر بی عملی و تسلیم شدگی و ... . پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

262 - فرانظریه‌پردازی در علوم اجتماعی
عباس لطفی‌زاده رضا ابراهیمی اسلام ابراهیمی

مفهوم و فرانظریه‌پردازی در ادبیات علوم اجتماعی، تحت عناوین مختلفی هم چون فراجامعه‌شناسی، جامعه‌شناسی بازاندیشانه و جامعه‌شناسیِ جامعه‌شناسی ظهور پیدا کرده است. هدف این مقاله، معرفی و تحلیل فرانظریه‌پردازی جامعه‌شناختی است. این مقاله بر اساس مطالعه‌ی کارهای هواداران عمده چکیده کامل

مفهوم و فرانظریه‌پردازی در ادبیات علوم اجتماعی، تحت عناوین مختلفی هم چون فراجامعه‌شناسی، جامعه‌شناسی بازاندیشانه و جامعه‌شناسیِ جامعه‌شناسی ظهور پیدا کرده است. هدف این مقاله، معرفی و تحلیل فرانظریه‌پردازی جامعه‌شناختی است. این مقاله بر اساس مطالعه‌ی کارهای هواداران عمده‌ی فرانظریه و نیز بحث‌های انتقادی مخالفان آن تنظیم شده است. مقاله با بررسی تعاریف فرانظریه و سپس ارائه‌ی تعریفی مشخص از آن آغاز نموده، در ادامه به رابطه‌ی آن با مفهوم بازاندیشی پرداخته و در نهایت سودمندی‌های فرانظریه‌پردازی و هم چنین انتقادات وارده بر آن را مطرح می‌کند. بسیاری ازجامعه‌شناسان و نظریه‌پردازان بر لزوم پیشرفت و توسعه نظریه‌ی اجتماعی تأکید کرده‌اند. از آن جا که فرانظریه‌پردازی گام مؤثری در غنی‌تر ساختن نظریه‌ها است، بایستی به این حوزه توجه بیشتری معطوف گردد. پرونده مقاله

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263 - بازنمایی هویت ملی و قومی در نشریات دانشجویی کرد زبان، در فاصله زمانی سال‌های 1376تا 1384 (مطالعه‌موردی: دانشگاه‌های تهران، تبریز، کردستان)
علی مرشدی زاد زاهد غفاری هشجین هیرش قادرزاده

مساله اصلی این پژوهش بررسی میزان بازنمایی هویت ملی و قومی در نشریات دانشجویی کرد زبان است. در این تحقیق، 54 نشریه دانشجویی دانشگاه‌های تهران، تبریز و کردستان طی سال‌های 1376 تا 1384 با روش تحلیل محتوا و ابزار پرسشنامه معکوس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه گیری احتمالی سیستم چکیده کامل

مساله اصلی این پژوهش بررسی میزان بازنمایی هویت ملی و قومی در نشریات دانشجویی کرد زبان است. در این تحقیق، 54 نشریه دانشجویی دانشگاه‌های تهران، تبریز و کردستان طی سال‌های 1376 تا 1384 با روش تحلیل محتوا و ابزار پرسشنامه معکوس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه گیری احتمالی سیستماتیک و واحد تحلیل در این بررسی، کلیه مطالب موجود در نشریات، شامل (حجم مطالب، خبر، عکس، تیتر، و...) می‌باشد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که در نشریات دانشجویی کرد زبان در دانشگاه‌های تبریز، کردستان و تهران بیشترین توجه به هویت قومی و کمترین توجه به هویت ملی معطوف گشته است. در میان ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های هویت، بعد سیاسی هویت ملی و بعد فرهنگی هویت قومی بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بیشترین مولفه سیاسی که در هویت ملی بازنمایی شده، مولفه تمایل به انجام فعالیت سیاسی و بیشترین مولفه بعد فرهنگی هویت قومی که بازنمایی شده، به مولفه تعریف و تمجید از مشاهیر فرهنگی مربوط است. پرونده مقاله

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264 - Construction of Intercultural Savoirs Through Interculturally-laden Tasks: An Iranian Experience
داود کوهی سیده زهرا اسماعیلی ثریا بهروزی زاد

10.30495/jal.2022.1963871.1426

A long-standing concern reverberating over the minds of intercultural scholars is how best to incorporate intercultural issues in English language teaching, an issue on which there has been little research in EFL contexts. To fill this gap, this qualitative study examin چکیده کامل

A long-standing concern reverberating over the minds of intercultural scholars is how best to incorporate intercultural issues in English language teaching, an issue on which there has been little research in EFL contexts. To fill this gap, this qualitative study examined the efficacy of interculturally-laden tasks in promoting Iranian learners’ intercultural competency in Anzali, Guilan province, Iran. Thus, a group of 22 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were recruited through convenience sampling from a pool of 44 according to their score on Oxford Quick Placement Test. All the participants were 12 females and 10 males aged 21-30. Then, they attended eighteen sessions of intercultural training using Mirrors and Windows: An intercultural communication textbook and completed seven intercultural tasks as a pretest and posttest. Data was collected through seven intercultural tasks and reflective worksheets. Drawing on the qualitative content analysis of intercultural tasks, the findings revealed that the tasks could help the participants increase their intercultural competence. Moreover, three themes were emerged from the analysis of the reflective worksheets as follow: (1) the participants’ evaluation of the ICC course and intercultural tasks, (2) perceptions regarding intercultural development and (3) language skills and anxiety. The implications and suggestions for further research are discussed. پرونده مقاله

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265 - EFL Undergraduate Students' Critical Thinking Ability and Reading Comprehension Performance
رضا واثقی راضیه صدوقی وصال آیات

10.30495/jal.2023.1986871.1493

The current study examined the relationship between critical thinking ability and EFL university students’ reading comprehension at a university site in Iran. The purpose of the study was twofold: (i) to understand if there is any statistically significant correla چکیده کامل

The current study examined the relationship between critical thinking ability and EFL university students’ reading comprehension at a university site in Iran. The purpose of the study was twofold: (i) to understand if there is any statistically significant correlation between critical thinking skills and reading comprehension performance of Iranian EFL students at the university level, and (ii) to understand whether there is any statistically significant correlation between the two groups (males vs. females) regarding their reading comprehension and critical thinking test scores. To this end, 143 EFL juniors [male (n=24) and female (n=119)] majoring in English language teaching were selected. The participants were five intact groups from the University of Mazandaran, Iran. This study examined this relationship with the help of the subjects’ scores gained from (i) the translated version of Cornell Critical Thinking Test-Level Z, and (ii) their reading comprehension scores obtained from their reading course. A correlational analysis was carried out running Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (Pearson r) and Partial Correlation. The results showed that a positive relationship existed between students' critical thinking ability and their EFL reading comprehension. Additionally, this study found no statistically significant difference in the correlations between critical thinking and reading comprehension for males and females in the particular context. This study has some implications for EFL learners as well as curriculum developers and EFL instructors to apply critical thinking skills in the class to help make EFL reading more effective and purposeful. پرونده مقاله

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266 - Promoting EFL Learners’ Writing Skills via Reflection: The Case of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle
سلمان اصحابی مژگان رشتچی مسعود سیری

10.30495/jal.2023.1993016.1511

Writing skill is a challenging and frequently-used activity in academic circles. This study investigated the effects of reflective writing on EFL learners’ writing performance. The participants were 61 Iranian EFL learners from two intact university classes random چکیده کامل

Writing skill is a challenging and frequently-used activity in academic circles. This study investigated the effects of reflective writing on EFL learners’ writing performance. The participants were 61 Iranian EFL learners from two intact university classes randomly assigned to the non-reflective (n=31) and reflective (n=30) groups. Over sixteen sessions of instructions over eight weeks, the non-reflective group was taught using the traditional writing method; however, the reflective group was exposed to reflective writing instruction under Kolb’s Model. The data were collected through reflective writing compositions and the content analysis of think-aloud protocols. The quantitative data analysis revealed that the reflective group significantly outperformed the non-reflective group in writing compositions. The thematic analysis of think-aloud protocols substantiated the quantitative data findings, indicating that all participants went through the cognitive psychological processes of ‘planning, drafting, pausing and thinking, reading and reproducing, reviewing, editing and revising’ as they were engaged in reflective writing via Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle. The results offer significant implications for language instructors, curriculum planners, and course designers. پرونده مقاله

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267 - The Effect of BBC News Lessons on High School EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning
حسن علیزاده محمود علیلو توران آهور

10.30495/jal.2023.1977862.1461

Foreign language vocabulary learning is challenging and requires using an appropriate method. To this end, this study aimed to investigate the effect of listening and viewing BBC News lessons as a teaching and learning tool on high school EFL learners’ vocabulary چکیده کامل

Foreign language vocabulary learning is challenging and requires using an appropriate method. To this end, this study aimed to investigate the effect of listening and viewing BBC News lessons as a teaching and learning tool on high school EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. This quasi-experimental research was carried out in the twelfth grade of Shohada high school in Kalybar city in East-Azarbijan, Iran. Forty two high school EFL learners were chosen as participants from two intact classes. The homogeneity of the classes was checked through a KET test. Then, they were randomly assigned into the experimental (n=19) and control (n=23) groups. Target words were selected from the eight BBC News lessons for both groups. The unfamiliarity of these words to the learners was found through the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale. The experimental group experienced vocabulary learning through watching and listening to the BBC News lessons; while, the control group received the same target words through the traditional method. A vocabulary-based post-test was administrated after the treatment. The result of Independent-Samples t-test on the post-test scores of both groups revealed the significant outperformance of the experimental group compared to the control group. Practical implications are presented to teachers, researchers, and learners. پرونده مقاله

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268 - Promoting Professional Identity Formation of Novice EFL Teachers in E-teaching Through Online Image Management (OIM) Strategies
راضیه فلاح عزیزه چالاک حسین حیدری تبریزی

10.30495/jal.2023.1988919.1499

Although the EFL teachers' challenges in developing and enhancing Professional Identity Formation (PIF) in face-to-face and virtual instruction contexts have extensively been explored, there were a limited set of practical and advantageous strategies, particularly for t چکیده کامل

Although the EFL teachers' challenges in developing and enhancing Professional Identity Formation (PIF) in face-to-face and virtual instruction contexts have extensively been explored, there were a limited set of practical and advantageous strategies, particularly for the novice teachers, in promoting their PIF in E-teaching especially since the emergence of changed priority of teaching contexts amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Accordingly, this study attempted to check the Iranian novice EFL teachers’ PIF, uncover the potential impacts of utilizing Online Image Management (OIM) strategies in promoting their PIF, and identify the most-preferred OIM strategies. Based on the convenience sampling, 184 male and female Iranian novice EFL teachers were selected to participate in this quasi-experimental study. Two instruments, including a Questionnaire of Perceived Professional Identity (QPPI) and a series of Quantitative Online Interviews (QOIs), were used to collect the data via the virtual platform of Survey Planet. The descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-Test packages in R were utilized to analyze the data. The results confirmed the low levels of professional identity among Iranian novice EFL teachers, verified the significant effects of OIM strategies in promoting PIF of Iranian novice EFL teachers, and shed light on reflection practices and strategies in enhancing digital literacy as the most-favored OIM strategies in promoting PIF among these teachers. This study may provide implications for EFL teachers and trainers in helping novice EFL teachers to promote their PIF with OIM strategies. پرونده مقاله

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269 - The Effect of Graphic Organizer Strategy on Improving Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Complexity of Written Performance
مریم حسن پور فاطمه میرزاپور

10.30495/jal.2023.1993532.1514

Writing by which students can be assessed plays an important function in the education process. By considering this fact, investigating the impact of graphic organizer strategy on improving Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ complexity of written performance was t چکیده کامل

Writing by which students can be assessed plays an important function in the education process. By considering this fact, investigating the impact of graphic organizer strategy on improving Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ complexity of written performance was the main goal of this study. 40 intermediate EFL learners were selected as the participants of the study on the basis of findings of Preliminary English Test. After that, they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. To assess the initial writing ability of participants, two groups were given a pre-test prior to the treatment. After applying traditional method to the control group and the graphic organizer strategies to the experimental group, both groups received a post-test to examine the effect of materials. To examine the effectiveness of the treatment, an independent samples t-test was conducted. To see the progression amount between pre-test and post-test of the experimental group, a paired samples t-test was also employed. The findings of the study indicated that graphic organizer strategies improved the learners’ complexity of written performance. The results have some implications for EFL/ESL teachers, students, test and materials developers, and syllabus designers. پرونده مقاله

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270 - Iranian EFL Learners’ Attitudes towards Target and Source Cultures
غلامرضا عباسیان مژگان کوه پایه زاده غلامرضا اصغرپور

Maintaining that language and culture are interwoven to the extent that learning the former is largely dependent on the latter, this study aimed to investigate the attitude of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) Learners of Tehran South Branch of Islamic Azad Univ چکیده کامل

Maintaining that language and culture are interwoven to the extent that learning the former is largely dependent on the latter, this study aimed to investigate the attitude of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) Learners of Tehran South Branch of Islamic Azad University (both undergraduates and postgraduates) towards the learning of the cultural aspects of language, both the target and source cultures, in their EFL classrooms. To this end, a quantitative approach was employed and a Likert scale questionnaire was designed. Fifty EFL learners were randomly invited to answer the questionnaire in relation to their attitude being exposed to the culture of target language. The findings of the chi-square test indicated that the Iranian undergraduate and postgraduate EFL learners consider culture as an important element in learning the target language. Both the culture of the source language and the culture of the target language were deemed important while learning a second language. The findings of this study also showed that postgraduate EFL learners have more intension to learn more about the culture of both source and target language than undergraduate EFL learners in Iran. پرونده مقاله

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271 - The Interplay between Language Anxiety, Locus of Control and Language Proficiency in Online Classes: The Case of EFL Learners
حسین میرزایی رحمان صحراگرد

10.30495/jal.2022.692347

The present study investigated the interplay between language anxiety, locus of control, and language proficiency of EFL students in online classes. The participants of the study were 67 upper-intermediate students between 18 to 30 years old and were selected randomly f چکیده کامل

The present study investigated the interplay between language anxiety, locus of control, and language proficiency of EFL students in online classes. The participants of the study were 67 upper-intermediate students between 18 to 30 years old and were selected randomly from a few language institutes in Shiraz. Two questionnaires and a proficiency test were used: Chametzky’s Online World Language Anxiety Scale, Rotter’s Locus of control questionnaire, and The Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English. Pearson-product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and independent-samples t-test were run to answer the research questions. The results of the study revealed a strong negative correlation between locus of control and language proficiency, meaning that those who had higher scores on the proficiency test were internal. In addition, a strong negative correlation was found between language anxiety and language proficiency, indicating that anxiety has adverse effects on language proficiency. Thirdly, both locus of control and language anxiety could predict language proficiency, but the former was a better predictor. This means that the effect of locus of control is much higher than anxiety on the language proficiency of Iranian EFL learners in online classes. This research can help students and teachers to recognize individual differences better. پرونده مقاله

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272 - Implementation and Assessment Challenges in Iranian Secondary High School EFL Program
غلامرضا عباسیان فاطمه خادم پیر

10.30495/jal.2019.664537

Paradigm shift in language education has caused many countries including Iran to reshuffle their public EFL educational program. However, such a promising trend in Iran has entailed serious challenges, which necessitated this study aimed at collecting data from 70 teach چکیده کامل

Paradigm shift in language education has caused many countries including Iran to reshuffle their public EFL educational program. However, such a promising trend in Iran has entailed serious challenges, which necessitated this study aimed at collecting data from 70 teachers and 70 students to investigate the CLT challenges in terms of both teachers' pedagogical and assessment areas. A Partial Least Square Model (PLSM) addressed these two variables. The findings showed that the first three sub-traits of both CLT and testing knowledge have varying contributions to the main latent variables, respectively. Second, Friedman test indicated lack of compatibility between the respective dimensions as to the implementation of the program. Third, the post-hoc comparison tests revealed that teachers perceived CLT significantly lower than the three areas of CLT testing, knowledge of CLT tests and knowledge of developing CLT tests. Also, their knowledge of characteristics of CLT was significantly lower than their perceptions of CLT testing, and knowledge of CLT tests. However, their knowledge of the characteristics of CLT was not significantly different from that of developing CLT tests. Finally, their knowledge of techniques in CLT was significantly lower than their perceptions of CLT testing, knowledge of CLT tests, and knowledge of developing CLT tests. In sum, the Iranian public EFL program still suffers from both implementation and assessment challenges necessitating remedial teacher education program. پرونده مقاله

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273 - The Relationship among University Lecturers’ Institutional identity, Professional Identity, and Teaching Efficacy
دلنیا اسماعیلی adel Dastgoshadeh

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Iranian EFL university lecturers’ professional and institutional identity, and their teaching efficacy. To this end, 100 EFL university lecturers from different branches of Islamic Azad Universiti چکیده کامل

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Iranian EFL university lecturers’ professional and institutional identity, and their teaching efficacy. To this end, 100 EFL university lecturers from different branches of Islamic Azad Universities, including Kermanshah, Isfahan and Hamedan, took part in the study by completing the Professional Identity Questionnaire, the Institutional Identity Questionnaire, and the Teachers’ Efficacy Scale. The sampling strategy for selection of the participants of this study was convenience sampling. To answer the research questions, Pearson product-moment correlation and Multiple-regression analyses were run. The results showed that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship between EFL university lecturers' a) professional identity and teaching efficacy, and b) institutional identity and teaching efficacy. پرونده مقاله

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274 - The Effect of Critical Discourse Analysis Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension and Orientation
غلامرضا عباسیان نرجس ملائی

This study was planned to investigate the effect of explicit teaching of some Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) techniques on Iranian EFL learners' Reading Comprehension. It was attempted to explore any change in the students’ abilities in revealing the implied me چکیده کامل

This study was planned to investigate the effect of explicit teaching of some Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) techniques on Iranian EFL learners' Reading Comprehension. It was attempted to explore any change in the students’ abilities in revealing the implied meaning of the texts. Any change in the students’ views toward learning English was also explored in this study after critical reading instruction through CDA techniques. To this end, two news articles were selected from online sources. The participants were 60 undergraduate students of Law at Bandar Anzali Azad University. They were assigned to two groups of 30 students. The experimental group were required to hand in a reflective essay on each reading article. They also responded to a questionnaire to reveal any change in their attitudes toward English language learning or any increase in their motivation to learn it. The results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group after being instructed to read between lines through CDA. Their motivation also increased in learning English after becoming familiar with the field of CDA. پرونده مقاله

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275 - A Survey on Intercultural Contact (IC) among Iranian EFL Students: Validating a Questionnaire
بهروز سربخشیان مهناز سعیدی توران آهور

10.30495/jal.2022.690026

Intercultural contact (IC) among students has received a great prominence in EFL and ESL contexts in recent years; therefore, this study was an attempt to modify and validate a questionnaire as an instrument to elicit the resources from which Iranian EFL students obtain چکیده کامل

Intercultural contact (IC) among students has received a great prominence in EFL and ESL contexts in recent years; therefore, this study was an attempt to modify and validate a questionnaire as an instrument to elicit the resources from which Iranian EFL students obtain their IC information. To reach this aim, a modified version of Peng and Wu’s questionnaire with 26 items and five factors was administered among 200 male and female Iranian EFL students from different language institutes in Tabriz, Iran. To determine the reliability and validity of the modified questionnaire, the statistical analyses of the model and fitness of the questionnaire were conducted by SmartPLS3 software. The results of reliability analyses using three measures of Cronbach’s alpha, combined reliability (CR) and average variance extraction (AVE) demonstrated that the questionnaire has a good reliability. Moreover, the results of construct crossvalidated communality (Q²) proved the construct validity of the questionnaire. Additionally, the results of correlation coefficient matrix and p value for all the latent variables demonstrated that all the paths and relationships in the model are significant and the model is a good fit. This study also clarifies the implication of such a questionnaire for ELT and presents some suggestions for future studies. پرونده مقاله

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276 - The Effect of One Teach-One Assist Model of Co-teaching on Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension
فاطمه محمدحسنی سودمند توران آهور

10.30495/jal.2020.676716

Co-teaching is a method that two teachers work together and deliver the instruction in the same classroom to a heterogeneous group of learners. This study was an attempt to find out the effect of one teach-one assist model of co-teaching on Iranian EFL learners’ r چکیده کامل

Co-teaching is a method that two teachers work together and deliver the instruction in the same classroom to a heterogeneous group of learners. This study was an attempt to find out the effect of one teach-one assist model of co-teaching on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. To this end, a quasi-experimental design with the pre-test, post-test, and control group was employed and 35 female students within the age range of 15-18 at the elementary level were selected as the participants of the study from Sanjesh-E-No institute in Tabriz, Iran. They were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups after taking Key English Test (KET). The experimental group received instruction through two teachers while the control group was taught by a single teacher. Both groups took part in the pre-test and post-test of reading comprehension. The results of an independent-samples t-test revealed that the experimental group had significantly better reading performance compared to the control group. The results of the study can be useful for teachers, students, and any ELT program. پرونده مقاله

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277 - The Effect of Digital Stories on Enhancing Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension
Nasrin Hadidi لیلا حسن زاده

Learning a foreign language is a challenging process in which learners need motivation and encouragement through the use of modern techniques. The present paper investigates the effects digital stories may have on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening c چکیده کامل

Learning a foreign language is a challenging process in which learners need motivation and encouragement through the use of modern techniques. The present paper investigates the effects digital stories may have on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, the researchers carried out a quasi-experimental research in a language institution in Tabriz (Iran). In total, forty, 11-14-year-old female students participated in this research. Twenty students were in the experimental group and twenty in the control group. The Preliminary English Test (PET) was administered at the beginning of the study to check whether all participants were homogeneous in terms of English language proficiency. A pre-test of listening comprehension was designed to gather initial data on the learners' listening skill prior to the treatment. The experimental group was presented with digital stories in a technology-equipped classroom. After the treatment, a post-test was administered to both groups to test the learners' progression in listening comprehension. Then, using an ANCOVA test, the performance of two groups was compared.The findings indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the final test. The results raise interesting issues related to the use of technology in the context of foreign language learning, substantiating the link between technology rich environment and improved language learning. پرونده مقاله

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278 - Navigating the Hindrances Arising at Macro and Micro-level from Practicality of Transformative Pedagogy
حامد برجسته

The present study intends to probe the impediments for the practicality of Critical language pedagogy (CLP) in higher education system of Iran. To do this, 20 Iranian university instructors, holding Ph.D. degrees in TEFL, were asked to read a passage reflecting the main چکیده کامل

The present study intends to probe the impediments for the practicality of Critical language pedagogy (CLP) in higher education system of Iran. To do this, 20 Iranian university instructors, holding Ph.D. degrees in TEFL, were asked to read a passage reflecting the main characteristics of transformative pedagogy. To explore the main obstacles, they were invited for a semi-structured interview. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using Thomas (2006) inductive approach including frequent, dominant, or significant themes. The results revealed a number of themes that illustrate macro and micro inhibiting factors Iranian EFL instructors encounter toward implementing the principles of CLP. The findings are discussed and suggestions are provided for teachers to transform transmission approaches into transformative and dialogic ones. پرونده مقاله

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279 - A Corpus-based Analysis of Epistemic Stance Adverbs in Essays Written by Native English Speakers and Iranian EFL Learners
امیر سبزوار حمیدرضا حق وردی رضا بی ریا

10.30495/jal.2020.674922

Academic essays entail taking a stance on the truth value of propositions. Epistemic adverbs deal with the speaker's assessment of the truth value of propositions. Employing a corpus-based approach with descriptive statistics and qualitative description, this study expl چکیده کامل

Academic essays entail taking a stance on the truth value of propositions. Epistemic adverbs deal with the speaker's assessment of the truth value of propositions. Employing a corpus-based approach with descriptive statistics and qualitative description, this study explored the use of epistemic stance adverbs in academic essays written by native English speakers and Iranian EFL learners. Following Biber et al.'s (1999) framework of stance adverbials, the researchers employed a corpus of 62077 words taken from class assignments written by Iranian EFL learners and a corpus of 65268 words taken from British Academic Written English (BAWE) to investigate the use of epistemic stance adverbs. Antconc software 3.4.3 version was used to search the most frequent stance adverbs. Frequency counts for each of the adverbs were extracted and normalized per 1000 words; then, Chi-square was run to pinpoint any differences between the two groups. The findings revealed both similarities and differences in the use of stance adverbs between the two groups. For example, EFL writers used more confident adverbs to show their authorial presence while native speakers used more maybe adverbs which are less authority-oriented. The findings may have implications for second/foreign language learners and writing instruction. پرونده مقاله

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280 - The Effect of Dialogue Journal Writing on EFL Students' Writing Skill
علی غلامی مهرداد

Despite the role writing plays in learning a foreign language, many students do not show much interest in taking an active part in writing classes (Myint, 1997). Thus different activities have been proposed to motivate students to write one of which is dialogue journal چکیده کامل

Despite the role writing plays in learning a foreign language, many students do not show much interest in taking an active part in writing classes (Myint, 1997). Thus different activities have been proposed to motivate students to write one of which is dialogue journal writing, and the present work tries to investigate the possible effect(s) of such activity on writing ability of a group of English students at Islamic Azad University- Hamedan branch. To do this, 50 students obtaining 1 and 2 on the TWE scale on the structure section of a TOEFL test were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After some introductory sessions, the students were asked to write paragraphs on a weekly schedule and hand them in to be corrected. In the experimental group the students were, furthermore, asked to keep journals and hand them in. After 4 months, the students in both groups took part in a writing exam in which they had to write two paragraphs on the topics given. The comparison of the means at p پرونده مقاله

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281 - The Comparative Effect of Antonym in-Text Glosses and Description in-Text Glosses on EFL Learners' Reading Comprehensio
هانیه قاسمی مونا خبیری

10.30495/jal.2019.664539

The present study was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of antonym in-text glosses and description in-text glosses on a group of Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension. To fulfill the purpose of this study, 60 female intermediate students between 18 چکیده کامل

The present study was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of antonym in-text glosses and description in-text glosses on a group of Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension. To fulfill the purpose of this study, 60 female intermediate students between 18 and 19 years old were selected among a total number of 90 through their performance on a piloted PET. These 60 participants were non-randomly divided into two equally populated experimental groups. During the process of this study, in one of the experimental groups the participants were given reading texts with antonym in-text glosses and in the other group, the participants were given reading texts with description in-text glosses. A piloted reading comprehension posttest (derived from another sample of PET) was administered at the end of the treatment to both groups and their mean scores on the test were compared through an independent samples t-test. The result led to the rejection of the null hypothesis, thereby, demonstrating that the learners in the description in-text glosses group benefited significantly more than those in the antonym in-text glosses group in terms of improving their reading comprehension. پرونده مقاله

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282 - Investigating the Iranian EFL Teacher's Perception of Critical Cultural Awareness
مصطفی غفّاری داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولی

10.30495/jal.2022.694408

This study was an attempt to investigate the perception of Iranian senior high school teachers toward critical cultural awareness. The participants of the study comprised of 307 teachers in different high schools in Qazvin. All the participants filled in the Critical Cu چکیده کامل

This study was an attempt to investigate the perception of Iranian senior high school teachers toward critical cultural awareness. The participants of the study comprised of 307 teachers in different high schools in Qazvin. All the participants filled in the Critical Cultural Awareness Questionnaire. The data were then fed into SPSS software and were subjected to Principal Components Analysis. Three factors were extracted and named as CCA in ELT Programs, CCA in ELT Textbooks and Materials, and CCA in General Terms, and the participants’ responses were analyzed based on these factors. The results indicated that the teachers’ critical awareness perception toward ELT Textbooks and Materials was the highest factor. The results of the item analysis revealed that teachers indicate all cultures should have an equal status in ELT textbooks and materials. It was concluded that the teachers’ cultural awareness regarding the integration of culture into mainstream teaching should be raised and they should pay more attention to culture in their classes. One significant implication of this study for EFL teachers and also syllabus designers is that an intercultural curriculum can enable learners to have a better understanding of the target materials. پرونده مقاله

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283 - The Effect of Employing Critical Needs Analysis on Iranian Intermediate Learners' Speaking Skills Improvement
سارا ظفری حسین حیدری تبریزی عزیزه چالاک

10.30495/jal.2020.676756

English is taught all over the world either as a foreign or second language. It is taught as a foreign language in the Iranian educational system as well. However, it has always been the issue that EFL programs have been developed without conducting a systematic needs a چکیده کامل

English is taught all over the world either as a foreign or second language. It is taught as a foreign language in the Iranian educational system as well. However, it has always been the issue that EFL programs have been developed without conducting a systematic needs analysis from the learners’ perspective. The present study examined the effect of employing critical needs analysis on the learners' speaking skills improvement. To this end, 128 Iranian intermediate learners from three language institutes were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The learners' Necessities, Wants and Lacks through a questionnaire and semi-structured interview were investigated. The experimental group received treatment based on the results of the interview and questionnaire. The results of the inferential statistics showed that the students' highest mean score was in the Necessities sub-dimension, followed by the Lacks, and Wants sub-dimensions which revealed that the students' needs were mostly the items which were necessary for the learners' use of language. In contrast, the control group received treatment based on the pre-determined syllabus of the course. The results of an independent sample t-test indicated that in the post-test, the speaking scores of the participants in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores in the control group. پرونده مقاله

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284 - The Impact of Playing Word Games on Young Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning and Retention
رحیله کبیری ناصر غفوری

Acquiring adequate vocabulary in a foreign language is very important but often difficult. Considering the importance of learner’s vocabulary learning and retention, the present study aimed at examining the impact of playing word games on young Iranian EFL learner چکیده کامل

Acquiring adequate vocabulary in a foreign language is very important but often difficult. Considering the importance of learner’s vocabulary learning and retention, the present study aimed at examining the impact of playing word games on young Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and retention at Irandoostan language Institute in Tabriz. To that end, 50 female learners at the age range of 8-12 were selected and assigned into an experimental (n=25) and a control (n=25) group. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest, immediate posttest and delayed posttest. The content of the tests were based on the students’ course books and consisted of 20 items. The researcher utilized the word games in order to teach the selected vocabulary items during the course which lasted for a month and a half. The games were played each session for about 15 minutes. The experimental group was engaged in playing word games as a treatment and the control group received usual instruction. After the treatment, the participants in both groups took the post-test and after two weeks the learners were asked to take the test once more. This time their scores were assigned as the retention post-test scores. The mean scores of two groups were compared three times through the independent samples t-test. The results of the data analysis revealed that playing word games were effective in helping learners to improve their vocabulary learning and retention. پرونده مقاله

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285 - Cross-cultural Study of Iranian and English Students’ Impoliteness and Threat Responses
مریم فرنیا زهرا شیبانی

10.30495/jal.2019.671927

The purpose of the present study is to compare the impoliteness strategies employed by Iranian and English students in English and Persian Languages. The participants consisted of 6o Iranian EFL learners at intermediate level of language proficiency, 60 Iranian non-Engl چکیده کامل

The purpose of the present study is to compare the impoliteness strategies employed by Iranian and English students in English and Persian Languages. The participants consisted of 6o Iranian EFL learners at intermediate level of language proficiency, 60 Iranian non-English major students, and 212 native English-speaking students. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of discourse completion task where responses to different threatening situations were elicited. The questionnaire consisted of six situations with variations in social power. The data were analyzed based on Limberg’s (2009) model of threat responses. The findings showed variations in the use of strategies employed with variation of social power in different situations. Moreover, the overall findings displayed the frequent use of tendency strategies, that is, toward compliance, toward non-compliance, by the three groups of respondents. It is hoped that the findings of this study can add to the body of knowledge in impoliteness studies and to our understanding of how threat responses vary cross-culturally in particular. پرونده مقاله

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286 - Online Teacher Roles and Competencies: Voices from Pre-Service EFL Teachers
مینا بصیرت محبوبه تقی زاده

10.30495/jal.2022.696544

Given the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and consequently the emergence of more online courses throughout the world, exploring teachers’ views about the shift from face-to-face to online environments seems significant. The objective of this study was thus twofold چکیده کامل

Given the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and consequently the emergence of more online courses throughout the world, exploring teachers’ views about the shift from face-to-face to online environments seems significant. The objective of this study was thus twofold: (a) to investigate the roles EFL teachers take and (b) to determine competencies required to teach online English language courses. Mixed-methods research was conducted, and the participants were 100 MA students of TEFL at Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST). The required data were collected through administering two questionnaires, adapted by the researchers, on online teacher roles and competencies along with two open-ended questions. After carrying out descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and theme-based analysis for the qualitative ones, the results indicated that online teaching roles could be hierarchically ranked as pedagogical, professional, administrative, social, assessment, technological, and researcher. With regard to online teacher competencies, pedagogical, professional, and technological role competencies received the highest mean, while the researcher role competencies gained the lowest one. Pre-service EFL teachers held the view that having knowledge of technology and its use, knowledge of course/content, ability to sustain learners' motivation, online teaching skills, and ability to communicate were other competencies teachers require to fulfill their roles in online English language courses. The findings can provide more insights into how to redesign and map online teacher professional development courses to better prepare potential EFL teachers and boost their quality as online EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله

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287 - The effect of Virtual and Real Classroom Instruction on Inter-language Pragmatic Development: Microblogging versus Traditional Instruction of Speech Acts to Iranian EFL Learners
فاطمه داورزنی حسین طالب زاده

10.30495/jal.2021.680904

Despite the fact that virtual learning seems to have considerable potential for enhancing language learners’ communicative abilities, it has received less attention for improving pragmatic competence of learners in EFL educational settings. The present study was a چکیده کامل

Despite the fact that virtual learning seems to have considerable potential for enhancing language learners’ communicative abilities, it has received less attention for improving pragmatic competence of learners in EFL educational settings. The present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of virtual and real classroom instruction of speech acts on the pragmatic awareness and development of Iranian EFL learners. To do so, a quasi-experimental study was designed and, through a homogeneity test, 57 EFL female language learners at the intermediate level were chosen. The participants were randomly divided into the experimental groups of virtual and real classroom learning and went through the procedure of pretest, intervention, and posttest; the pertinent data were collected by means of a PET test, a speech-act pre-test and comparable post-tests of speech acts. Both measures of independent and paired-samples t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that instruction of speech acts through both virtual and real classroom techniques can be conducive to the promotion of pragmatic awareness among the EFL learners in the Iranian context; meanwhile, real classroom instruction of speech acts proved to be more fruitful and more significantly elevated the pragmatic awareness of Iranian EFL learners. We conclude the study drawing on the implications of our findings for ELT and EFL policy makers, language educators and teachers, material developers, and learners. پرونده مقاله

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288 - The Comparative Effect of Using Listening Strategies on Reflective and Impulsive Visually Impaired Learners’ Listening Comprehension
فروزان بیرانوند بهدخت مال امیری

10.30495/jal.2018.541065

This study aimed to compare the effect of listening strategies, namely, metacognitive, cognitive and social/affective strategies, on impulsive and reflective visually impaired EFL learners’ (VILs) listening comprehension. The participants of the study were 58 male چکیده کامل

This study aimed to compare the effect of listening strategies, namely, metacognitive, cognitive and social/affective strategies, on impulsive and reflective visually impaired EFL learners’ (VILs) listening comprehension. The participants of the study were 58 male and female VILs at pre-intermediate level within the age range of 12-18 in the west of Iran, Khorram Abad. These participants were selected non-randomly from among 10 different classes available to the researcher. To select the participants, the researcher talked to learners of these 10 classes and sought the consent of 58 learners to take part in the study. The Preliminary English Test (PET) pre-piloted on 30 students with almost similar characteristics to the target sample was administered to 72 students for selecting a homogenized group of participants. Then, 58 students were selected. Afterwards, the researcher administered the Personality Questionnaire developed by Eysenck (1975) to categorize them into two experimental groups of impulsive and reflective. Furthermore, the researcher made sure that the two groups were homogeneous regarding their listening comprehension prior to the start of the treatment. In this study, both experimental groups practiced listening comprehension through listening strategies, namely, metacognitive, cognitive and social/affective strategies. The listening section of the PET test was administered as the posttest at the end of the treatment to both groups and their mean scores on the tests were compared through Independent Samples t-test. The results of statistical analyses led to the rejection of null hypothesis with the conclusion that the reflective learners significantly outperformed the impulsive students on the posttest of listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله

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289 - University Students’ Perception of Demotivating Factors in Learning English as a Foreign Language
نفیسه حسین پور حسین حیدری تبریزی

Demotivation is a relatively new topic in the field of second or foreign language acquisition which is in need of more rigorous research. In this regard, the present study was an attempt to investigate demotivating factors in learning English as a foreign language in an چکیده کامل

Demotivation is a relatively new topic in the field of second or foreign language acquisition which is in need of more rigorous research. In this regard, the present study was an attempt to investigate demotivating factors in learning English as a foreign language in an Iranian context. To this end, 382 Persian learners of English were selected through stratified clustering sampling procedure to participate in this mixed method study. The Data was collected through a 40-item Likert type questionnaire. The Factor analysis of the data extracted seven factors including a) inadequate facilities, b) reduced self-confidence, c) class characteristics, d) lack of purpose to study English, e) teaching methods, f) teachers and teaching styles, and g) negative attitudes toward English and the culture of English-speaking countries as demotivators. The Students’ perceptions of these seven factors were compared based on their general English proficiency levels. The Results revealed that low proficient learners perceived reduced self-confidence and negative attitudes more demotivating than their counterparts at other levels of proficiency. پرونده مقاله

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290 - Employing Photovoice to Raise Intercultural Sensitivity and Reflective Thinking of Male and Female Iranian EFL Learners
مهزاد کریمی عزیزه چالاک حسین حیدری تبریزی

10.30495/jal.2019.671928

Developing L2 learners' intercultural sensitivity and reflective thinking is essential for second language learning. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of photovoice on intercultural sensitivity and reflective thinking. To this end, a sample of 48 intermed چکیده کامل

Developing L2 learners' intercultural sensitivity and reflective thinking is essential for second language learning. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of photovoice on intercultural sensitivity and reflective thinking. To this end, a sample of 48 intermediate EFL learners was recruited from an English language institute in Isfahan, Iran and placed into a photovoice group (PG) and a control group (CG) using a quasi-experimental design. An Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) was employed as a pretest and posttest. The collected data were analyzed by running a two-way MANCOVA. The results indicated a significant improvement of the PG regarding reaching the higher levels of intercultural sensitivity and the PG's female participants outperformed their male counterparts in gaining higher scores in three dimensions of the ISS. The students' writings accompanied the taken photos were also coded by two raters. The results revealed that photovoice resulted in higher levels of reflective thinking. To explore the photovoice participants' attitudes, a semi-structured interview was conducted. The emerging codes indicated that the participants had positive attitudes towards the photovoice project. Thus, the photovoice method could give the EFL learners an opportunity to raise the levels intercultural sensitivity and reflective thinking. پرونده مقاله

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291 - Effect of Précis Writing Instruction on the Creation of Cohesive Text by Iranian High School EFL Learners
لطف الله کریمی معصومه طورجی راغب

Being expert in establishing cohesion and coherence in writing is not an easy task. The EFL learners are to pass through very long, uneven paths such as précis exercise to achieve this skill. The present study was launched to explore the effect of précis w چکیده کامل

Being expert in establishing cohesion and coherence in writing is not an easy task. The EFL learners are to pass through very long, uneven paths such as précis exercise to achieve this skill. The present study was launched to explore the effect of précis writing on the creation of a compact text. To this end, a true-experimental method of research with the pretest-posttest control design was employed. Via double-stage sampling, 40 female students were selected at Fatemeh-al-Zahra High School in Kabutarahang, Hamedan, Iran. The control group was taught some grammatical structures such as active and passive voices, reduced adjective clauses, and different tenses in English during twelve sessions; while the experimental group received a lesson plan consisting of twelve sessions of précis writing. To analyze the data collected via pretest and posttest, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was run. The findings of the study indicated that the participants in the experimental group performed better in producing cohesive and qualified texts than those in the control group. The conclusion drawn was that teaching précis, as a basic skill, can improve the writing ability and provide the students with more opportunities to utilize the cohesive devices and consequently produce more cohesive pieces of text. پرونده مقاله

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292 - The Effect of Visual Advance Organizer and Types of Passages on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
غلامرضا کیانی سارا جلالی

Testing the comprehension of spoken language is of primary importance. A lot of factors may affect the performance of EFL learners on listening comprehension tests, among which are the use of visual advance organizers, and types of listening passages (dialogues or monol چکیده کامل

Testing the comprehension of spoken language is of primary importance. A lot of factors may affect the performance of EFL learners on listening comprehension tests, among which are the use of visual advance organizers, and types of listening passages (dialogues or monologues). As B-Ikeguchi (1997) states a few studies have been carried out on the effects of these factors on EFL learners’ listening comprehension with controversial results. And even fewer studies have concentrated on the effects of these factors on EFL learners’ performance on listening comprehension tests, which is the purpose of this study. In the present study, 180 advanced EFL learners were randomly selected by administering the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups each consisting of 60 students. As far as the performance of subjects on listening comprehension test was concerned, the following results were obtained: 1) There was a significant difference between the presence vs. lack of visual advance organizer; 2) There was a significant difference between the uses of short-interval vs. long-interval advance organizer; 3) There was a significant difference between different types of listening passages (dialogues vs. monologues); and 4) There was no significant interaction between the use of visual advance organizer and different types of listening passages. پرونده مقاله

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293 - Interactionist and Interventionist Dynamic Assessment Approaches to Teaching Argumentative Writing: Do Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency Develop?
آیدا رحمانی فرهیخته مژگان رشتچی مسعود یزدانی مقدم

10.30495/jal.2021.680912

Complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-me چکیده کامل

Complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-member groups of homogeneous teachers were randomly assigned to one control group (Non-DA), an interactionist DA group (IA-DAG), and an interventionist DA group (IV-DAG). After the nine-session treatment, the study groups took a writing post-test. A one-way ANOVA test showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group, although no significant differences were found between DA groups. Besides, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups' writing complexity. Considering accuracy, IA-DAG outperformed Non-DAG whereas no significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and between IV-DAG and Non-DAG. Fluency measures showed the superiority of DA groups to the control group. The first conclusion was that DA processes have a decisive role in improving writing skills and the CAF triad. Second, CAF components do not develop in a linear process, and employing DA procedures can be useful for its improvement. The paper has implications for language teachers and SLA researchers. پرونده مقاله

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294 - Learning and Teaching Styles in the Focus: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners and Teachers
زهره سیفوری زهرا حسن زاده

Underlying any learning and teaching process is a set of preferred Learning Styles (LSs) and Teaching Styles (TSs) which epitomize the overall educational policy and identification of which is sine qua non for any reform of the educational system. This ex-post-facto stu چکیده کامل

Underlying any learning and teaching process is a set of preferred Learning Styles (LSs) and Teaching Styles (TSs) which epitomize the overall educational policy and identification of which is sine qua non for any reform of the educational system. This ex-post-facto study scrutinized preference of Iranian EFL teachers' for Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, Facilitator, and Delegator TSs and their students' tendencies towards Visual, Auditory, and Kinaesthetic student LSs. We collected the research data based on Grasha's (1996) Teaching Style Questionnaire administered to 30 Iranian EFL teachers and the Barsch Learning Style Questionnaire (1991) administered to 300 Iranian EFL learners. Descriptive statistics of the research data revealed that majority of Iranian EFL learners opt for the visual learning style and teachers highly favour facilitating foreign language learning. However, Visual and Delegate Learning and Teaching Styles reflected the lowest frequencies. The findings underscore the need to raise teachers’ awareness of LSs so that they can modify their teaching according to their students’ preferences. پرونده مقاله

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295 - A Brain-Friendly Teaching Inventory: A Rasch-based Model Validation
انسیه ستاری گوارشک مونا طباطبایی یزدی

10.30495/jal.2022.690038

Teachers usually teach according to how brains naturally learn. In this way, not only do their learners learn, retain, and recall quickly, but also the teaching becomes more joyful. Increased attention to the worthwhile role of the mind in learning/teaching in recent ti چکیده کامل

Teachers usually teach according to how brains naturally learn. In this way, not only do their learners learn, retain, and recall quickly, but also the teaching becomes more joyful. Increased attention to the worthwhile role of the mind in learning/teaching in recent times Due to the lack of a valid scale for estimating teachers' awareness of brain-friendly teaching, the current study intended to construct and validate a 54-item brain-friendly teaching inventory by the implementation of the Rasch model. The test was administered to 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different educational contexts. The results revealed that all the 54 items of the scale had a good fit to the Rasch model. Infit and outfit values were within the acceptable range which indicates unidimensionality of the scale. Furthermore, it is asserted that the inventory enjoyed suitable reliability. This demonstrates that the Brain-Friendly Teaching Inventory is valid and can be applied as a scale for assessing the teachers' awareness of brain-friendly teaching. پرونده مقاله

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296 - The Relationship between L2 Listening Comprehension and Listening Fatigue among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
سعید نجفی صارم حمید مرعشی مسعود سیری

10.30495/jal.2019.664542

Listening is referred to by many scholars as the most important as well as the most complicated skill in the language, which can cause mental fatigue in the learners. This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between L2 listening comprehension and listen چکیده کامل

Listening is referred to by many scholars as the most important as well as the most complicated skill in the language, which can cause mental fatigue in the learners. This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between L2 listening comprehension and listening fatigue among Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, 86 intermediate and upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners randomly selected after administering a paper-based TOEFL among an initial sample of 120 BA learners majoring in English language translation, took part in the study. A TOEFL listening test and a researcher-made validated listening fatigue questionnaire were utilized in order to gather the necessary data. Afterwards, during the qualitative phase, oral interviews were employed to obtain 30 % of the participant’s’ attitudes about the relationship between listening comprehension and listening fatigue. Applying a Pearson product-moment correlation revealed that there was a significant relationship between L2 listening fatigue and their listening comprehension. These findings were also supported by a small qualitative phase and learners gave their positive support and attitude about the relationship. These findings have some pedagogical implications for teaching and learning an L2, the most important of which is that in order to enhance EFL learners’ L2 listening comprehension, it is better to reduce their debilitative listening fatigue. پرونده مقاله

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297 - A Two-phase Evaluation of an ELT Textbook
نگین ثمودی محمد محمدی

10.30495/jal.2021.686872

It is by now well established that materials may have an impact beyond simply learning a language they present. Hence, in this study attempts have been made to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of a textbook Summit 2B which is currently being widely used in Irani چکیده کامل

It is by now well established that materials may have an impact beyond simply learning a language they present. Hence, in this study attempts have been made to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of a textbook Summit 2B which is currently being widely used in Iranian EFL classes. The textbook has been evaluated based on criteria provided by McDonough and Shaw (1993) on the basis of two stages: an external and an internal evaluation. Efforts have been made to critically evaluate the textbook in terms of the layout, grading and sequencing of assignments, design, content, different activities, sort of texts utilized, and the skills emphasized in the book. The findings showed that albeit there appears to be some shortcomings, Summit 2B seems to be more efficient to meet the requirements of EFL learners as compared with the other textbooks which have hitherto been used at different language classes. Accordingly, investigating and evaluating the book proved to be very lucrative and valuable in terms of pedagogy as well as the efficient attributes that suits the context of the present study.Finally, the implications as regards the efficiency of this particular course book as the consequence of evaluating it have been put forward and the strengths and weaknesses related to it have been argued. پرونده مقاله

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298 - The Relationship between Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking Ability and Autonomy
Nasser Ghafoori ناصر غفوری

One of the main aims of the education agenda in the last decade has been to develop critical thinking and autonomy among children, in order to educate them to be activeand involved persons in society. The present study sought to examine the relationship between Iranian چکیده کامل

One of the main aims of the education agenda in the last decade has been to develop critical thinking and autonomy among children, in order to educate them to be activeand involved persons in society. The present study sought to examine the relationship between Iranian male and female EFL learners’ autonomy and their critical thinking ability. To this aim, the researcher used a language proficiency test, a questionnaire of autonomy, and a questionnaire of critical thinking. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, 242 third-grade high school students of Urmia city were provided with a Key English Test (KET). Afterwards, 162 of them were selected as the homogenizedgroup and were given a questionnaire of autonomy and questionnaire of critical thinking. Finally, the results of 144(because some of participants did not complete their critical thinking questionnaire) participants were analyzed. The Pearson coefficient of correlation revealed that Iranian EFL learners’ autonomy and critical thinking were significantly related. The findings offered important pedagogical implications for teachers, learners, and syllabus designers. پرونده مقاله

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299 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Burnout Sources: A Qualitative Study
مریم موسوی علی امیرقاسمی مهناز سعیدی

10.30495/jal.2022.696590

This qualitative study aims to investigate the sources of burnout from Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives. To this end,thirty-four Iranian male and female EFL teachers participated in the semi-structured interview to comment on the burnout sources and then rank th چکیده کامل

This qualitative study aims to investigate the sources of burnout from Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives. To this end,thirty-four Iranian male and female EFL teachers participated in the semi-structured interview to comment on the burnout sources and then rank them in terms of priority. Also, one hundred teachers responded to an online open-ended questionnaire. The coding scheme revealed two external and internal nodes, five themes, and fifteen subthemes. Under the external node lay financial, organizational, and teacher training problems. The internal node involved teachers’ psycho-affective traits and personal life affairs. The results showed that external sources outweighed the internal ones. Among the external sources, teachers’ low pay, the supervisor’s maltreatment, and workload, and among the internal ones, teachers’ low problem-solving abilities, low motivation and self-efficacy held high ranks. No one attributed burnout to teachers’ gender and age, and almost all participants unanimously criticized the educational administration system of Iran for not providing teachers with the necessary means of burnout recognition and prevention. The study has implications for educational policymakers and practitioners. پرونده مقاله

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300 - EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions about Communication Strategies Teachability
راضیه بهروزیان ناصر غفوری سعیده آهنگری

10.30495/jal.2021.686879

The current study examined the Iranian EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions about Communication Strategies Teachability. The study was conducted with 20 teachers and 110 students from universities and private language Institutes in Tabriz, Iran. The liter چکیده کامل

The current study examined the Iranian EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions about Communication Strategies Teachability. The study was conducted with 20 teachers and 110 students from universities and private language Institutes in Tabriz, Iran. The literature regarding the teachability of communication strategies (CSs) has been far from conclusive. Some researchers reject the possibility of CSs instruction while many empirical studies support their teachability. Taking a mixed method design, the present study used a language proficiency test, a questionnaire and an interview for data collection. In the quantitative phase, the participants’ responses to questionnaire before and after a 12-week period of teaching CSs were statistically compared. The analysis of the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire through Paired-samples t-test indicated that the students’ perceptions towards the usefulness of CSs grew significantly more positive after their instruction. The qualitative analysis of the interview data collected from the teachers indicated that most teachers found CSs useful and possible to teach. It was also found that these strategies improved capability of English language learners to speak and enhaned their conciousness of CSs. This study could offer pedagogical implications for both teachers and students and pave the way for further studies in the field. پرونده مقاله

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301 - Impacts of Utilizing E-Mind Maps on Iranian Adolescent vs. Adult EFL Learners’ Language Learning Strategy Choices
نسیم نصر اصفهانی عزیزه چالاک حسین حیدری تبریزی

10.30495/jal.2022.690072

The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable effects of E-Mind Maps on the prevailing Language Learning Strategy Choices of adolescent versus adult Iranian EFL learners (LLSC). Besides, their preferred strategies were investigated across each dominant LLSC چکیده کامل

The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable effects of E-Mind Maps on the prevailing Language Learning Strategy Choices of adolescent versus adult Iranian EFL learners (LLSC). Besides, their preferred strategies were investigated across each dominant LLSC for some volunteer participants through structured interviews. According to a mixed-method design, 76 available Iranian adolescent and adult EFL learners, both male and female, were randomly divided into four equal groups of experimental and control ones. Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was conducted for all participants in the pre-and post-intervention phases, followed by a structured interview in just the post-intervention phase in the qualitative phase. The intervention presented the teaching content through E-Mind Maps vs. the conventional way of teaching for 20 sessions. The data were analyzed using descriptive and Chi-Square statistics. The results confirmed that using E-Mind Maps shifted the dominant LLSC of adolescent and adult EFL learners to memory and cognitive strategies. Moreover, preferred strategies across each dominant LLSC were discussed in detail for both groups. The conclusion can provide critical implications for English language teaching, learning, and educational technology in using E-Mind Maps as an effective strategy in EFL classrooms. پرونده مقاله

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302 - On the Differential Effects of Computer-Mediated and Metalinguistic Corrective Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Accuracy
میر ایوب طباطبایی کامه خاصه خان نگین قویدل نیا صمد رمزی

The present study investigated differential effect of two types of feedback namely, computer-mediated and metalinguistic, on Iranian EFL learners’ writing accuracy. To this end, based on Nelson Proficiency Test (300 A), 69 Iranian advanced EFL learners, including چکیده کامل

The present study investigated differential effect of two types of feedback namely, computer-mediated and metalinguistic, on Iranian EFL learners’ writing accuracy. To this end, based on Nelson Proficiency Test (300 A), 69 Iranian advanced EFL learners, including 45 males and 24 females, aged between 17 and 24, learning English in language institutes in Salmas, were selected randomly out of the total population of 121 EFL learners and then divided into three groups. The participants in the two experimental groups received metalinguistic and computer-mediated feedback separately while those in the control group received no feedback. The analyses of the results obtained through a pre-test and a post-test indicated that both feedback types significantly influenced learners’ writing accuracy. However, analysis of the participants’ performances on the post-test demonstrated that metalinguistic group outperformed computer-mediated one. Thus, the effect of metalinguistic feedback was more than that of computer-mediated feedback. In addition, both of them were more influential than no-feedback instruction. The findings of the present study can be fruitful for syllabus designers and EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله

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303 - An Investigation of Iranians and International English Students'Attitudes towards Intercultural Communicative Competence
علی اصغر پوراکبری حسین حیدری تبریزی عزیزه چالاک

10.30495/jal.2019.664544

The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes and perceived nature of thinking and understanding towards intercultural communicative competence (ICC) among International English major students. Accordingly, this study employed the paradigm of a sequential mixed-m چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes and perceived nature of thinking and understanding towards intercultural communicative competence (ICC) among International English major students. Accordingly, this study employed the paradigm of a sequential mixed-method research, in which it comprised a qualitative phase followed by a quantitative phase. The participants of the first phase of the study were 30 undergraduate English major students in their third year at Isfahan Islamic Azad University in Iran; and the participants of the second phase of the study included 30 international ESL students in their first year at Gonzaga University (GU), in Washington, U.S. The analysis of narratives in the first phase of the study indicated that the participants had diverse attitudes towards intercultural encounters. The results of the statistical analyses of the second phase of the study showed that the most important individual difference variables directly influencing students’ intercultural communicative competence were their communication apprehension and their perceived communicative competence. This study also showed that students’ self-image as communicators were of utmost importance: if students believe they are good communicators in English, theyare more likely to be self-confident and are more likely to take part in intercultural encounters. Thus, instructors should help students achieve a realistic self-image about their performance in English and support them if they lack self-confidence. پرونده مقاله

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304 - The Efficacy of an SFL-Oriented Register Instruction in Improving Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance and Perception: Language Proficiency in Focus
محمد یوسفی اسگویی نادر اسدی آیدینلو مسعود ذوقی

10.30495/jal.2019.671931

The current study sought to explore the impact of SFL-oriented register instruction on Iranian EFL learner’ writing performance with a central focus on their English proficiency level. As its secondary aim, the study delved deeply into the learners’ percepti چکیده کامل

The current study sought to explore the impact of SFL-oriented register instruction on Iranian EFL learner’ writing performance with a central focus on their English proficiency level. As its secondary aim, the study delved deeply into the learners’ perception of the register-based instruction. To these ends, 50 intermediate and 50 advanced Iranian EFL learners were selected randomly and assigned to four groups: two experimental and two control groups. Employing an experimental pretest/posttest design, the learners of the two experimental groups received instruction on the three components of register; that is, field, tenor, and mode along with the implementation of a three-phase teaching/learning cycle, whereas the learners in the control groups were exposed to a conventional writing instruction. Quantitative analysis of the learners’ writing performance on the pre- and posttest measures revealed the contributory role of register instruction in improving Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance, regardless of their English proficiency level. Furthermore, having been surveyed through a researcher-made questionnaire, the advanced and intermediate learners expressed their positive attitude towards the instruction. The findings highlighted the necessity of superseding the traditional linguistic-based writing instruction by a contextual and situational teaching methodology similar to what has been implemented in the current study. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

305 - Collaborative Discussion Circles: A Path towards Critical Language Teacher Development
مهرشاد احمدیان پرویز مفتون 3پرویز بیرجندی

10.30495/jal.2021.687051

The advent of postmethod pedagogy has completely changed today's conceptualization of language teachers, and the importance of powerful teaching has increasingly gained momentum in the field of TESOL. However, contemporary English language teaching contexts suffer a dea چکیده کامل

The advent of postmethod pedagogy has completely changed today's conceptualization of language teachers, and the importance of powerful teaching has increasingly gained momentum in the field of TESOL. However, contemporary English language teaching contexts suffer a dearth of a workable package to educate the much-needed autonomous postmethod language teachers who are able to have their own contextualized praxis. As such, the present research aims to nurture the required self-growth and self-development in language teachers through forming collaborative professional and critical discussion circles. Enjoying a mixed method research design whose quantitative section included a quasi-experimental design consisting of three phases--a pretest, an educational 12-week long treatment phase, and a posttest--the results of the study gained by two instruments, namely, the reflective teaching questionnaire developed by Akbari et al. (2010) and two similar language teaching episodes, bore witness to the significant changes in the level of reflectiveness of all 13 language teachers who partook in these discussion circles. Developmentally speaking, participating language teachers were found to initiate the whole process, direct it, and finally evaluate the new experiences further along the road. Hence the ideals of teacher development, self-growth and personal development, were accomplished through the study. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

306 - The Impact of Summary Writing with Structure Guidelines on EFL College Students’ Rhetorical Organization: Integrating Genre-Based and Process Approaches
Maryam Karimpour پروانه کارکیا

This study aimed at investigating the impact of writing on Iranian EFL college students’ rhetorical organization. Thirty Iranian female undergraduate students majoring in English at Al-zahra University participated in the current study. The writing instructions in چکیده کامل

This study aimed at investigating the impact of writing on Iranian EFL college students’ rhetorical organization. Thirty Iranian female undergraduate students majoring in English at Al-zahra University participated in the current study. The writing instructions included two stages, each lasting for four weeks. The participants were assigned to a control group and an experimental group according to an “S” model and received writing instructions based on genre and process approaches. The experimental group received writing instruction on text structure designed according to descriptive genre for the first four weeks, followed by the instruction on the process approach for the second four weeks. However, the control group received the process writing instruction only during the second stage. The research questions focused on whether summary writing with instructions on text structure improves students’ rhetorical organization or not. Also, the study sought to find out how students’ rhetorical organization improves when instructions on text structure are used as a supplementary tool to the process approach. The design of the study was quasi experimental. The findings revealed that summary writing with instructions on text structure helps students have better performances in rhetorical organization, concerning content, organization, language use, and syntactic complexity. Also, the obtained results indicated that genre and process approaches can be complementary, and summary writing with instructions on text structure can be used as a supplementary tool to the process approach. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

307 - The Effect of Listening to English Songs on Iranian EFL Pre-intermediate Learners’ Listening Comprehension
مهین رضایی توران آهور

The aim of this study was to find out whether listening to English songs can improve pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design as one of the quasi-experimental research designs was e چکیده کامل

The aim of this study was to find out whether listening to English songs can improve pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design as one of the quasi-experimental research designs was employed. The sample of the study consisted of 40 male and female English learners from two classes in an Institute in Marand, Iran. The two classes were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. Then, a PET test was used to check the homogeneity of both groups. The listening section of PET was also considered as the pretest of the study. Then, fifteen English songs were used in the experimental group during the treatment period. Each session, within 45 minutes, one song was played for and practiced with the learners. Meanwhile, the control group had their usual teacher -fronted class without listening to songs. At the end, both groups were post tested on their listening comprehension using the listening section of another version of PET. The collected data were analyzed using Independent-Samples and Paired-Samples t-tests. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the performance of the experimental group. It is implied that songs are not only an entertaining tool but they can also be used as a pedagogic material in improving learners’ listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله

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308 - Promoting Dialogic Talk in a Speaking Classroom: Rethinking Bakhtinian Pedagogy
فاطمه نیک نژاد ناییج آباد محمدرضا خدارضا داوود مشهدی حیدر

10.30495/jal.2020.677294

This study sought to promote EFL learners' speaking ability drawing on Bakhtin’s notion of dialogic discourse pattern (DDP) and to explore their perceptions towards implementing dialogic teaching (DT) in a speaking classroom. To this end, from the population of st چکیده کامل

This study sought to promote EFL learners' speaking ability drawing on Bakhtin’s notion of dialogic discourse pattern (DDP) and to explore their perceptions towards implementing dialogic teaching (DT) in a speaking classroom. To this end, from the population of students in different language institutes, 47 students were selected based on a purposive sampling method. The data were collected at two step-wise processes adopting a mixed-method approach. First, the researcher directed two EFL teachers to apply the DDP principles in a dialogic (DG) and non-dialogic group (NDG). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Then, a posttest of speaking was conducted to track the possible improvement. The findings attested that the dialogic talk could promote EFL learners’ speaking ability. Next, DG group was required to complete a written discourse completion task to determine the extent to which incorporating DT could promote learners’ speaking ability. To analyze the data, Thomas's (2006) inductive approach was adopted comprising the dominant themes. The results revealed different themes and sub-themes such as developing self-directed learning skills, disseminating critical literacy practice, fostering language learning, promoting motivation and affective factors, to name but a few. The findings propose some implications for classroom management, materials preparation, and language policy program. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

309 - The Impact of Observer Ring Technique on the Writing Achievement: A case of Iranian EFL Learners
جهانبخش نیکوپور محمد امینی فارسانی فهیمه محمودی

This study was conducted to probe the effect of the observer ring technique on the participants’ writing achievement. In so doing, the researchers utilized a quasi-experimental design with 20 participants in the control group and 18 in the experimental group. Inst چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to probe the effect of the observer ring technique on the participants’ writing achievement. In so doing, the researchers utilized a quasi-experimental design with 20 participants in the control group and 18 in the experimental group. Instrumentation included a writing handout, an Oxford Placement Test (standard proficiency test), and a rating scale of writing. As a treatment, the participants in the experimental group were asked to write at home and bring their papers to the class to be corrected by their classmates and the teacher was the supervisor. In the control group, the papers were corrected by the teacher. The results of the pre-test indicated that the participants of the two groups were homogeneous with regard to proficiency level as well as their writing ability. The results of the post-test revealed that the writing ability of the participants in the experimental group had improved during the study. Moreover, the observer ring technique had a positive and significant effect on the participants' writing ability. The findings may promise implications for incorporating this new interactive feedback model into EFL writing classes. پرونده مقاله

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310 - The Impact of Code-Switching on Bilingual EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension
پریسا یگانه پور Zohreh Seifoori

This study sought to investigate the probable effects of code-switching (CS) on Iranian bilingual English learners' reading comprehension. In this study, two intact classes of freshmen, taking the four-credit Reading and Comprehension Course 1, comprising a total of 70 چکیده کامل

This study sought to investigate the probable effects of code-switching (CS) on Iranian bilingual English learners' reading comprehension. In this study, two intact classes of freshmen, taking the four-credit Reading and Comprehension Course 1, comprising a total of 70 participants, with 35 in each class, were randomly assigned as the experimental and the control groups after their initial homogeneity in reading comprehension was assessed via the reading section of the Preliminary English Test (PET). In the experimental group, the participants were allowed to switch codes during the twenty-hour-treatment that extended over five weeks. The participants in the control group, however, were required to rely exclusively on English as the language of communication and instruction with no CS. The independent samples t-test of the post test scores, administered at the end of the treatment, revealed significant differences in the reading comprehension of the two groups. The experimental CS group outperformed the control group. Since variables such as proficiency, teaching materials, and teach methodology, were kept constant in both classes, CS might be regarded as one of the probable causes of different levels of achievement in reading comprehension in both groups. Cautious use of CS to promote different aspects of the learning process will be discussed in the paper. پرونده مقاله

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311 - The Power of Aural and Picture Vocabulary Size Test in Predicting Iranian EFL Learners’ Viewing Comprehension
سید محمدرضا امیریان سعید غنی آبادی مهلا قلیچی

10.30495/jal.2022.690078

The aim of this investigation has been to predict Viewing Comprehension through Aural and Picture Vocabulary Size among Iranian EFL Learners. To this end, 110 intermediate students were selected from two institutes of a city in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Pictorial چکیده کامل

The aim of this investigation has been to predict Viewing Comprehension through Aural and Picture Vocabulary Size among Iranian EFL Learners. To this end, 110 intermediate students were selected from two institutes of a city in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Pictorial vocabulary knowledge of learners was tested by Picture Vocabulary Size Test, Aural vocabulary knowledge was measured by Aural vocabulary size test and viewing comprehension was tested by a multiple-choice question test. All analyses were carried out using SPSS for Microsoft windows 22. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was run to analyze the relationship among viewing comprehension, picture vocabulary size and aural vocabulary. After the correlation analysis, we did step-wise multiple regression analysis to predict an outcome variable from two predictors. Interestingly, it was found that both picture and aural vocabulary size have a significant positive correlation with viewing comprehension. It was also proved that only aural vocabulary size can be considered as a significant predictor of EFL learners' viewing comprehension ability. پرونده مقاله

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312 - Impact of Process and Genre-Based Approaches to Writing on Iranian EFL Learners' Writing Performance across Creativity Levels
سولماز ایران نژاد ناصر غفوری اصغر محمودی

10.30495/jal.2022.696824

This study aimed at investigating the effect of process-based and genre- based approaches to writing instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance across high and low creativity levels. The study followed a quasi-experimental design and it was conducted چکیده کامل

This study aimed at investigating the effect of process-based and genre- based approaches to writing instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance across high and low creativity levels. The study followed a quasi-experimental design and it was conducted with a homogenous sample of 72 learners who were selected from an initial group of 90 participants from a private language institute in Urmia, Iran. Based on the results of an English proficiency test known as Oxford Placement Test and a test of creativity known as Abedi-Schumacher Creativity Test, the participants were assigned into four groups of 18. The treatment period lasted for 10 sessions including pretest and posttest sessions. The results of ANCOVA statistics showed that the type of instruction had statistically significant effect on the learners’ writing performance, with the higher performance of genre-based over the process-based writing instruction, while the level of creativity had no significant effect on the participants’ writing scores. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between instruction type and the learners’ creativity level. The findings of this study have pedagogical implications for teachers, syllabus designers, and practitioners to use appropriate instructional methods in ELT with special attention on learners’ creativity levels. پرونده مقاله

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313 - The Impressibility of Speaking Accuracy/Fluency among EFL Undergraduates: A Meta-Analysis
آرمان تونی ژاله حساس خواه پرویز بیرجندی

This meta-analysis is an investigation into the impressibility of two dimensions of the speaking skill, namely accuracy and fluency, in relation to the experimented treatments among Iranian EFL undergraduates. Having surveyed a collected bank of 74 research reports, the چکیده کامل

This meta-analysis is an investigation into the impressibility of two dimensions of the speaking skill, namely accuracy and fluency, in relation to the experimented treatments among Iranian EFL undergraduates. Having surveyed a collected bank of 74 research reports, the relationships among the variables in the 14 included studies were examined. More specifically, the analysis involved a statistical review of 67 effect sizes (at 95% CI) calculated from studies conducted between 2006 and 2016, including 890 participants. The analysis indicated that in 77% of the experimented treatments, the students performed as well as the students in the regular programs with no significant improvement in oral accuracy. The analysis also demonstrated that 63% of the treatments did not yield significant improvement in oral fluency in comparison with the regular instruction. Moreover, the synthesis of the effects of the contextual factors showed that low-level (i.e., elementary) learners experienced a better improvement in speaking performance. The analysis also revealed that, among the experimented treatments, dialogic tasks were most effective on oral accuracy while interviews were influential in promoting the students’ both oral accuracy and fluency. Finally, the quality of the study reports was analyzed and some directions for further research were suggested. پرونده مقاله

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314 - Revisiting Reflection Levels among Iranian EFL Teachers: The Interactional Effects of Teachers’ Experience and their Academic Degree
پروین رضایی هانیه دواتگراصل نادر اسدی

10.30495/jal.2022.696848

The present mixed-method study examines the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ teaching experience and academic degree on five dimensions of reflective teaching. In this line, a 29-item Likert scale Reflective Teaching Questionnaire composed of practical, metacogniti چکیده کامل

The present mixed-method study examines the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ teaching experience and academic degree on five dimensions of reflective teaching. In this line, a 29-item Likert scale Reflective Teaching Questionnaire composed of practical, metacognitive, critical, cognitive, and affective dimensions was administered to a convenient sample of 142 male/female B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. EFL teachers with 4-30 years of teaching experience. Moreover, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 16 EFL teachers yielding more in-depth triangulated data on their reflection levels and the related problems. The MANOVA results indicated the significant effect of teachers’ experience and academic degree on their reflective teaching with the least effect reported on the affective dimension. The results indicated significant interaction of the two research variables with the dimensions of reflective teaching. Moreover, the interview results indicated that lack of time, prescribed syllabi, and ineffective teacher training programs were the main obstacles of reflective teaching. The findings may bear implications for Iranian curriculum developers, materials writers, teacher trainers, administrators, and EFL instructors. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

315 - The Effect of Semantic Mapping on Reading Comprehension
المیرا تقوی کریم صادقی

The research reported here examined the relative effectiveness of semantic mapping, as an interactive pre-reading strategy, on reading comprehension of Iranian undergraduate students (non-EFL majors). It also examined whether there was an interaction between gender and چکیده کامل

The research reported here examined the relative effectiveness of semantic mapping, as an interactive pre-reading strategy, on reading comprehension of Iranian undergraduate students (non-EFL majors). It also examined whether there was an interaction between gender and the effect of teaching semantic mapping strategy on reading comprehension. The participants in this study consisted of 120 male and female pre-intermediate undergraduate students taking a General English course at UrmiaUniversity in Spring 2008. A Certificate of Advanced English Reading Paper (CAE) was administered to measure the students’ proficiency at the beginning of the research. Later, the participants were semi-randomly (Mackey and Gass, 2005) assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was instructed on how toemploy semantic mapping strategy in reading while the control group received normal reading instruction. The post-test results supported the findings of earlier research that instruction on the application of semantic mapping contributed to reading comprehension. Further findings and implications are discussed in the paper. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

316 - More Proficient vs. Less Proficient EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Teachers ‘Motivation Raising Strategies
نسرین یوسفی مرجان وثوقی مینو عالمی

Motivation raising strategies are frequently used in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes; nevertheless, learners’ perceptions of such strategies used by language teachers have not sufficiently been explored. Also, there are not enough studies on difference چکیده کامل

Motivation raising strategies are frequently used in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes; nevertheless, learners’ perceptions of such strategies used by language teachers have not sufficiently been explored. Also, there are not enough studies on differences and similarities between more and less proficient EFL learners regarding this issue. To scrutinize this topic, a groups of more (No=50) and less proficient EFL learners (No=50) participated in this study by completing to a validated, researcher-made questionnaire with a five-point Likert type format. Non-parametric Mann-Whiteny U test was run in the SPSS ver. 23 to check the differences between the two groups. The results of the study verified that, regardless of each individual scale in the utilized questionnaire, overall, the more proficient ones manifested significantly less perceptions on teachers’ motivation raising strategies based on the total estimated mean ranks compared with the less proficient learners. However, within the surveyed scales, only in the classroom atmosphere scale, the results showed that the less proficient learners were more mindful of teacher strategies for motivation raising. The findings from this study have implications for motivation raising strategy instructions for a language classroom. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

317 - Collaborative Discussion Circles: A Path towards Critical Language Teacher Development
مهرشاد احمدیان پرویز مفتون پرویز بیرجندی

10.30495/jal.2020.683554

The advent of postmethod pedagogy has completely changed today's conceptualization of language teachers, and the importance of powerful teaching has increasingly gained momentum in the field of TESOL. However, contemporary English language teaching contexts suffer a dea چکیده کامل

The advent of postmethod pedagogy has completely changed today's conceptualization of language teachers, and the importance of powerful teaching has increasingly gained momentum in the field of TESOL. However, contemporary English language teaching contexts suffer a dearth of a workable package to educate the much-needed autonomous postmethod language teachers who are able to have their own contextualized praxis. As such, the present research aims to nurture the required self-growth and self-development in language teachers through forming collaborative professional and critical discussion circles. Enjoying a mixed method research design whose quantitative section included a quasi-experimental design consisting of three phases--a pretest, an educational 12-week long treatment phase, and a posttest--the results of the study gained by two instruments, namely, the reflective teaching questionnaire developed by Akbari et al. (2010) and two similar language teaching episodes, bore witness to the significant changes in the level of reflectiveness of all 13 language teachers who partook in these discussion circles. Developmentally speaking, participating language teachers were found to initiate the whole process, direct it, and finally evaluate the new experiences further along the road. Hence the ideals of teacher development, self-growth and personal development, were accomplished through the study. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

318 - EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Alternative Assessment Strategies and Their Relationship with Teacher Reflection
مصطفی نراقی زاده فرامرز عزیز ملایری حمید رضا خلجی

10.30495/jal.2022.697012

Formative Assessment plays a significant role in classrooms in understanding how students progress in their learning activities. The attitudes of teachers towards application of Alternative Assessment (AA) strategies in English language classroom are considered importan چکیده کامل

Formative Assessment plays a significant role in classrooms in understanding how students progress in their learning activities. The attitudes of teachers towards application of Alternative Assessment (AA) strategies in English language classroom are considered important as they can affect the teachers’ overall performance in the classroom. The aim of the current study was to examine EFL teachers’ perceptions regarding alternative assessment strategies and their relationship while correlated with teacher reflections and perceptions. In order to conduct this study, a mixed-methods design was adopted. The participants who attended the quantitative and qualitative phases were 81 students and 30 EFL teachers, respectively. In order to collect the research data, two research instruments were used: the teacher reflection questionnaire (Akbari et al., 2010) and the teachers’ perceptions of alternative assessment questionnaire (Elharrar, 2006). The Pearson correlation coefficient statistical test was run for the quantitative data, and the data of the qualitative nature was processed through content-analysis procedure. The findings from the qualitative data were presented using frequency and percentage. Further discussions were provided using the findings from the quantitative data analysis. The results from this phase of analysis illustrated that there was a significant positive relationship between EFL teachers’ reflection and their experience of implementing alternative assessment strategies. The findings of this study may render implications for EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and the assessment administrates. پرونده مقاله

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319 - تأثیر آموزش خودنظم‌بخشی خواندن و درک‌مطلب به زبان‌آموزان سطوح پیشرفته و متوسط بر نگرش آنان به خواندن در انگلیسی به‌عنوان زبان خارجی: اجرای یک مدل یادگیری خودنظم‌یافته
فاطمه همتی الهه ستوده نما حسن سلیمانی محبوبه مرشدیان

توانایی تنظیم و کنترل افکار، رفتار، انگیزه‌ها و اعمال برای رسیدن به اهداف خودنظم‌بخشی نام‌ دارد، و یادگیری خودنظم‌یافته متضمن برنامه‌ها و رفتارهایی استراتژیک برای تحقق اهداف یادگیری است. این پژوهش درصدد پاسخ به این سؤال است که آیا‌ آموزش مدل یادگیری خودنظم‌یافته زیمزمن چکیده کامل

توانایی تنظیم و کنترل افکار، رفتار، انگیزه‌ها و اعمال برای رسیدن به اهداف خودنظم‌بخشی نام‌ دارد، و یادگیری خودنظم‌یافته متضمن برنامه‌ها و رفتارهایی استراتژیک برای تحقق اهداف یادگیری است. این پژوهش درصدد پاسخ به این سؤال است که آیا‌ آموزش مدل یادگیری خودنظم‌یافته زیمزمن و مویلان به گروهی از دانش‌آموزان ایرانی بر نگرش آنان به خواندن در انگلیسی به‌عنوان زبان خارجی تأثیر مثبت دارد. دیگر هدف آن عبارت‌‌است از این‌که آیا سطح مهارت زبانی زبان‌آموزان می‌تواند تأثیر آموزش خودنظم‌بخشی را بر نگرش شرکت‌کنندگان تعدیل‌می‌کند. دو گروه آزمایش دست‌نخورده در دو سطح زبانی متوسط و پیشرفته استراتژی‌ها و فرایندهای خودنظم‌بخشی خواندن را فراگرفتند، ولی دو گروه کنترل دست‌نخورده در این دو سطح زبانی به‌ روش سنتی و متداول، خواندن را آموزش‌ دیدند. داده‌‌های مطالعه با استفاده از پرسشنامه یاماشیتا در‌باره نگرش به خواندن در ‌انگلیسی جمع‌آوری ‌شد. و درنتیجه تحلیل کواریانس دوطرفه مشخص‌شد که آموزش خودنظم‌بخشی خواندن و درک‌مطلب در انگلیسی می‌تواند نگرش شرکت‌کنندگان را به خواندن در انگلیسی به ‌ میزان ‌معناداری بهبودبخشد، اما سطح مهارت زبانی تأثیر آموزش خودنظم‌بخشی را بر نگرش شرکت‌کنندگان تعدیل‌نمی‌کرد. این نتایج با برجسته‌کردن نقش یادگیری خودنظم‌یافته در خواندن دانش‌آموزان ایرانی می‌تواند مدرسان زبان انگلیسی را برآن‌دارد تا برای بهبود نگرش زبان‌آموزان به خواندن از استراتژی‌های خودنظم‌بخشی در کلاس بهره‌برند. پرونده مقاله

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320 - مطالعه کیفی تأثیر آزمون جدید ورودی دوره دکتری رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی بر روش تدریس، ارزشیابی کلاسی و برنامه درسی استادان زبان دانشگاه های ایران
رضا رضوانی علی صیادی

با توجهبه اهمیت و حساسیت آزمون ورودی دوره دکتری در ایران، انتظار میرود که این آزمون تاثیرات قابل توجهی بر برنامه های آموزشی تحصیلات تکمیلی در دانشگاه های ایران بگذارد. مطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای بررسی دیدگاه های استادان دانشگاه های ایران در رابطه با اثرات احتمالی آزمون جدی چکیده کامل

با توجهبه اهمیت و حساسیت آزمون ورودی دوره دکتری در ایران، انتظار میرود که این آزمون تاثیرات قابل توجهی بر برنامه های آموزشی تحصیلات تکمیلی در دانشگاه های ایران بگذارد. مطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای بررسی دیدگاه های استادان دانشگاه های ایران در رابطه با اثرات احتمالی آزمون جدید ورودی دکتری رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی بر روش تدریس، ارزشیابی کلاسی و برنامه درسی آنها بود. برای نیل به این هدف، پژوهشگران این مطالعه، مصاحبه هایی دقیقی با ده استاد مجرب در تدریس دروس رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد انجام دادند. نتایج به دست آمده از تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات جمع آوری شده نشان داد که آزمون جدید، علی رغم اهمیت بسیار بالای آن، تاثیر چندانی بر روی روش تدریس و ارزشیابی کلاسی اساتید نگذاشته است. از دید شرکت کنندگان دراین مطالعه، دلیل این امر عدم همسویی مهارت های مورد نیاز جهت موفقیت در آزمون ورودی دکتری و اهداف و انتظارات در نظر گرفته شده در دوره های کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی است. از طرفی دیگر، نتایج بیان گر آن بود که این آزمون، با اثرگذاری بر انتخاب منابع و موضوعات درسی استادان، موجبتعغیرچگونگی طر احی برنامه درسی آنها شده است. این مطالعه در ادامه به بحث پیرامون تاثیرات نتایج به دست آمده در بافت تحصیلات تکمیلی رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه های ایران میپردازد پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

321 - اثرات عملکردی نفوذ استاد و عدم نفوذ استاد بر تمایل زبان آموزان به برقراری ارتباط
محمدعلی یاغچی ناصر غفوری نساء نبی‌فر

تحقیق حاضر سعی دارد تا تاثیرات به کارگیری چارچوب نظری نفوذ استاد را در کلاسهای آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه فرهنگیان تبریز مورد بررسی قرار دهد، چهارچوبی که جان هرون تحت عنوان "بررسی شش اصل نفوذ استاد بر تمایل زبان آموز به برقراری ارتباط" مطرح کرده است. این مدل که ریشه چکیده کامل

تحقیق حاضر سعی دارد تا تاثیرات به کارگیری چارچوب نظری نفوذ استاد را در کلاسهای آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه فرهنگیان تبریز مورد بررسی قرار دهد، چهارچوبی که جان هرون تحت عنوان "بررسی شش اصل نفوذ استاد بر تمایل زبان آموز به برقراری ارتباط" مطرح کرده است. این مدل که ریشه در نظارت بالینی دارد، می تواند رفتار کلامی و جمله های حقیقی که استاد در بافت یادگیری زبان بکار می برد را جهت دهد. 60 دانشجو در آزمون مهارتهای عمومی زبان PET شرکت کردند که بر اساس نتایج حاصله ، 36 نفراز آنها به دو گروه 18 نفری برای این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. گروه اول، گروه تحت نفوذ استاد بود که در آن استاد تعیین می کرد چه اقداماتی باید صورت پذیرد، این استاد بود که اطلاعات را ارائه می داد و یا با دانشجوها تعامل داشت. گروه دوم، گروه عاری از نفوذ استاد بود که در آن استاد صرفا ایده دهنده، حلال مشکلات و اعتماد به نفس دهنده بود. این دو گروه پرسشنامه های مربوط به تمایل به برقراری ارتباط، هم قبل، هم بعد و هم در دوره پیگری مجدد آموزشی را کامل کردند. نتایج حاصل از بکارگیری شش اصل نفوذ استاد حاکی از تغییرات چشمگیر در عملکرد دانشجویانی داشت کهو تحت نفوذ استاد نبودند و به عملکرد بهتر این گروه ازگروه تحت نفوذ استاد منجر گردید. امید است که این تحقیق افق های روشن جدیدی را به روی متخصصان، اساتید و نیز دانشجویان در حیطه آموزش زبان انگلیسی ایجاد نماید پرونده مقاله

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322 - A Study on the Evolution of Cultural Identity among High school Girls(A Case Study of Horaman-e-Takht(Kurdestan Province)
مصطفی ازکیا شهلا کاظمی پور عادل عبداللهی

In the era of information and communication the concept of identity is more fluid during the development of media and communications. Although this process in developing societies in slow compared with developed societies, but the point is that the mentioned process is چکیده کامل

In the era of information and communication the concept of identity is more fluid during the development of media and communications. Although this process in developing societies in slow compared with developed societies, but the point is that the mentioned process is an ongoing and structural patterns that lost their power for identification. The main subject of this study is the study on the evolution of cultural identity among high school girls(Asrae high school) in Horaman-e-Takht region in Kurdistan province. The method employed in this study is the qualitative method, particularly and depth interviews were used as the main means of collecting qualitative data. Then the results of qualitative data were shown in a model based on grounded theory principles. The findings study show that the modern elements have entered in girl's identity and they try to experience new resources in identification. Also some factors including school environment, media and developing the range of music provided the conditions of rethinking for traditional elements. So it could be said that unlike structuralist theories, Horaman's girls reconstruct their actions within social and cultural structures and they represent their identity separately from its traditional forms پرونده مقاله

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323 - A Sociological Analysis of Citizenship Status among South Khorasan Payamnoor Students
محمدحسن شربتیان اعظم احمدی

The citizenship concepts emerging from particular attention and gets equality, justice, social theories and political and legal status as well. The problem of sociological study of Payamnoor University in South Khorasan is the citizenship and Anthony Giddens on reflexiv چکیده کامل

The citizenship concepts emerging from particular attention and gets equality, justice, social theories and political and legal status as well. The problem of sociological study of Payamnoor University in South Khorasan is the citizenship and Anthony Giddens on reflexivity and lifestyle influence the status of citizenship has two elements in this paper and it discusses the reflection and its impact on citizenship status in this study, a systematic sampling of classes and the sample size were 373 ones. According to the results of hypotheses, variables such as gender, place of residence, socio-economic has not effect on the equal rights of citizenship. Variable-reflection of the main factors affecting the equal rights of citizenship among students. پرونده مقاله

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324 - Effects of Cultural Modernization and the Mechanism of its Effect on Family Values (Case Study: the city of Nahavand)
منصور حقیقتیان مسعود دارابی

Over the past few decades, the family affected by the processes, and consequences of modernization has experienced profound changes in both objective-structural and semantic-subjective levels. The family has faced new issues, some of which represent progress and welfare چکیده کامل

Over the past few decades, the family affected by the processes, and consequences of modernization has experienced profound changes in both objective-structural and semantic-subjective levels. The family has faced new issues, some of which represent progress and welfare, and some suggest traumatic social issues which reduce the pace of development in the society as hindering factors. Thus, the present study aims to examine the impacts of cultural modernization and the mechanisms of its effect on family values in the city of Nahavand. To this end, of the various factors and variables affecting the family in the process of modernization, such variables as risk-taking, reflection, and fading religious beliefs were selected as independent variables. Theoretical foundations of the variables and parameters are based on the theories of Smelser, Good, Giddens and Beck and Erich Inglehart. The method used in this research was survey, and the data-gathering tool was a reliable and valid questionnaire. The statistical population of this study consisted of eighteen-year or older members of Nahavandi families. The sample size of 390 people was obtained using Cochran formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method. The main method of data analysis was regression and structural equation modeling. The results showed that the three factors of cultural modernization namely risk-taking, reflection, and fading religious beliefs have been effective on the decline of family forms and emergence of its modern form. The risk-taking factor with (3.38) and the fading religious beliefs (with 3.02) have had the highest and lowest average respectively. And in general, the average of cultural modernization process in the study population was 3.25. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the modernization factor and its components accounted for only 0.25 of the variance change in family values پرونده مقاله

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325 - The Social Impact of Telegram as a Social Network on Teaching English Vocabulary among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners ( Payam Noor Center)
Maryam Kaviani Davood Mashhadi Heidar

Telegram is now considered as one of the most famous platform online social networks among media university students. Nowadays, the immense popularity of social networking websites such as Telegram has created new opportunities for English learners. Accordingly, the pre چکیده کامل

Telegram is now considered as one of the most famous platform online social networks among media university students. Nowadays, the immense popularity of social networking websites such as Telegram has created new opportunities for English learners. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate whether Telegram would be an effective and easy learning tool of vocabulary for Iranian female EFL learners at Intermediate Level at Payam Noor University, Babol, Iran. The participants in this study were 50 female EFL learners, ranging from 18-28 years old, selected from 100 cases. Pretest and posttest were also used to assess learners' knowledge about vocabulary taught during the session (four weeks). The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS. The results indicated that in spite of the popularity of social networks, Telegram learning can bring unique technological and pedagogical advantages for EFL learners and has a significantly positive effect on the development of vocabulary learning. The findings of this study are considered to be useful in English methodology issue. پرونده مقاله

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326 - The Role of Critical Sociological Thinking on Young Iranian Advanced EFL Learners' Ingenuity of English Conversation
Maryam Kaviani Sahar Mahdavi

10.22034/ssyj.2021.687068

This study considered the critical sociological thinking impact on teaching conversation among young Iranian advanced EFL learners. For this purpose, 40 advanced learners, 17-35 years old, were chosen after administering a nonprobability sampling design from classes at چکیده کامل

This study considered the critical sociological thinking impact on teaching conversation among young Iranian advanced EFL learners. For this purpose, 40 advanced learners, 17-35 years old, were chosen after administering a nonprobability sampling design from classes at Foreign Language Institute in Babolsar, Iran. These 40 participants were randomly allocated to two groups (one experimental and one control group) each comprising of 20 persons. The participants received a pre-test connected to English conversation separately to ensure that they failed to have previous knowledge. The experimental group received the treatment associated with critical sociological thinking to learn conversation. Then the participants were asked to answer related IELTS Speaking Test. But the control group just received the usual instructions as before. After the treatments, the same pre-test was given to the participants as post-test to evaluate the effect of treatment. After collecting and analyzing the data, the results indicated that critical sociological thinking had a positive effect on teaching conversation in English. The findings of this research can be used in methodological issues. پرونده مقاله

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327 - Multi Objective Optimization of Heat Pipe Using Firefly Algorithm
hossein amoozad khalili gholamreza salehi seyed mohsen momeni majid eshagh nimvari

In the present study, a firefly algorithm is used to achieve a multi objective optimization of heat pipe with axial “Ω” shaped micro grooves. The objective function of the optimization procedure is maximization of heat transport capability and minimiza چکیده کامل

In the present study, a firefly algorithm is used to achieve a multi objective optimization of heat pipe with axial “Ω” shaped micro grooves. The objective function of the optimization procedure is maximization of heat transport capability and minimization of the total thermal resistance. So the effects of geometrical dimensions and structural parameters on heat pipe performance have been considered as decision variables. Also heat transfer capability and total thermal resistance of heat pipe have been considered as objective function. The agreement between experimental data and calculated results confirms the accuracy of the proposed algorithm for micro groove heat pipe analysis .The effect of grooves number and vapor core diameter on heat transfer and total thermal resistance have been analyzed and it shows by increasing the number of grooves and core diameter, heat transfer capability and total thermal resistance increased. Heat transfer capability and total thermal resistance decreased by increasing width of slot. For equal in size width slot by increasing grooves diameter heat transfer and total thermal resistance respectively increased about 25% and 7%. Result shows working temperature significantly effects on the heat transfer capability and maximum heat transfer capacity occurred about 271 K. پرونده مقاله

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328 - Determining the Optimum Investment Portfolios in the Iranian Banking Network Base on Bi-level Game using the Markowitz Optimization Model by Firefly Algorithm
Mehdi Memarpour Ashkan Hafezalkotob Mohammad Khalilzadeh Abbas Saghaei Roya Soltani

The present study is presented in order to determine the optimal investment portfolios between a bank and its customers, in the form of a two-level game by Stackelberg (leader-follower). The game is based on the Markowitz mean-variance model. Leader player portfolios (B چکیده کامل

The present study is presented in order to determine the optimal investment portfolios between a bank and its customers, in the form of a two-level game by Stackelberg (leader-follower). The game is based on the Markowitz mean-variance model. Leader player portfolios (Bank 3) have included deposit portfolios in rival banks (Banks 1 and 2), investment in the real estate market, investment in the stock market and investment in the foreign exchange market. Also follower player portfolios (Bank 3 customers), including deposits in rival Banks(1,2), investment in the coin and gold market, investment in the foreign exchange market, investment in the housing and real estate market, investment in the car market, investment in the stock market. The data related to the mentioned assets covered 2009-2017, where the optimal investment portfolios of the players was first determined using GAMS software. Next, the problem was solved again using the meta-heuristic algorithm of Firefly in Matlab Software. Eventually, the optimal technique was chosen. Finally, the results of the study showed that the optimal investment portfolios for the leader player include investing in the real estate market and investing in the stock market, respectively. Also, the optimal investment portfolios of the following player include depositing in Bank 2, investing in the coin and gold market, investing in the stock market and investing in the real estate market, respectively. پرونده مقاله

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329 - Optimization of laser forming parameters using genetic algorithms
Rasoul Tarkesh Esfahani Sa&#039;id Golabi zahra zojaji

The use of lasers is being considered as a modern method for forming process in recent years. This method has been used in various industries, such as aerospace, marine and oil industry. Extensive research has been done in the field of modeling and optimization of direc چکیده کامل

The use of lasers is being considered as a modern method for forming process in recent years. This method has been used in various industries, such as aerospace, marine and oil industry. Extensive research has been done in the field of modeling and optimization of direct paths parameters with process of laser forming. Although forming in circular paths can be used for producing complex parts, due to some technical reasons, it is considered less. The main purpose of this paper is to detect the proper estimation model and obtain optimal variables conditions for complete circular paths in perforated circular parts by means of genetic algorithms. In this process the outer edges are fixed and the inner edges are being formed by laser. At first, the finite element simulation model is studied then the estimation model has been discussed, after that multi-objective functions have been examined with the least error and energy. Furthermore, the optimization results of the internal hole diameters are reported and analyzed in terms of Pareto charts. In conclusion, optimum forming conditions have been reported in terms of accuracy and energy for different diameters of holes. This study shows with acceptable increasing in the error rate, the required energy could be reduced. Also, increasing in the diameter of inside hole cause to increase energy and decrease of accuracy. پرونده مقاله

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330 - بررسی اثر ‌‌فولویک اسید و متیل‌جاسمونات بر میزان کلروژنیک اسید، کافئیک اسید و برخی صفات فیتوشیمیایی در اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه دارویی Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
مهرنوش کریمی خدایار همتی نسترن همتی

10.30495/ejmp.2021.682560

سرخارگل (.Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) یکی از گیاهان دارویی متعلق به تیرة کاسنی (Asteraceae) است. اندام های مختلف گیاه به&lrm;ویژه ریشه های آن حاوی ترکیب‌های دارویی ارزشمندی است که خواص ضدباکتریایی و ضدویروسی دارند که در صنعت داروسازی کاربرد دارند. این پژوهش با هدف ب چکیده کامل

سرخارگل (.Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) یکی از گیاهان دارویی متعلق به تیرة کاسنی (Asteraceae) است. اندام های مختلف گیاه به&lrm;ویژه ریشه های آن حاوی ترکیب‌های دارویی ارزشمندی است که خواص ضدباکتریایی و ضدویروسی دارند که در صنعت داروسازی کاربرد دارند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر غلظت های مختلف فولویک اسید و متیل جاسمونات بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه سرخارگل انجام شده است. این تحقیق در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل برپایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان به صورت گلدانی در سال زراعی 1397-1396 انجام شد. تیمار ها شامل: فولویک اسیددر سه سطح (0، 1000 و 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) و متیل جاسمونات در چهار سطح (0، 90، 100، 110 میکرومولار) بوده است. متغیرهای اندازه گیری شده شامل: میزان فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، کلروژنیک‌اسید و کافئیک اسید بوده است. ارزیابی صفات بیوشیمیایی با متانول و استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر و اندازه گیری کلروژنیک اسید و کافئیک اسید توسط HPLC انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارها و اثر متقابل آن ها بر صفات فیتوشیمیایی در سطح یک و پنج درصد معنی دار بوده است. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین ها بیش ترین میزان کلروژنیک اسید (46/7 میلی گرم بر گرم) در غلظت 110 میکرومولار متیل جاسمونات و 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر فولویک اسید و بیش ترین مقدارکافئیک اسید (90/28 میلی گرم بر گرم) در شاهد 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر فولویک اسید تولید شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان فنل کل (29/49 میلی گرم در گرم) در متیل جاسمونات 100میکرومولار و فولویک اسید 1000 میلی گرم بر لیتر در ریشه و بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید کل (66/23 میلی گرم در گرم) در متیل جاسمونات 100 میکرومولار و فولویک اسید 1000 میلی گرم در لیترمشاهده شد. بیشترین فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی (03/76 درصد مهار رادیکال آزاد) در متیل جاسمونات 110 میکرومولار و فولویک اسید 1000 میلی گرم در لیتر در ریشه نتیجه گیری شد. از نتایج برداشت شد که بیشترین میزان متغیر های اندازه گیری شده در ریشه گیاه ودر غلظت 1000میلی گرم بر لیتر فولویک اسید بود. پرونده مقاله

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331 - Theoretical investigation of optical properties of Aluminum zig-zag thin films
Maryam Gholizadeh Arashti Mahsa Fakharpour

10.22034/jna.2020.1907296.1226

The transmission matrix method was applied to model the reflection and transmission co-polarization spectra of zig-zag aluminum thin films by different arm numbers and lengths and the optical spectra of the zig-zag nanostructures for both s- and p- polarized lights were چکیده کامل

The transmission matrix method was applied to model the reflection and transmission co-polarization spectra of zig-zag aluminum thin films by different arm numbers and lengths and the optical spectra of the zig-zag nanostructures for both s- and p- polarized lights were obtained at different incident angles. According to the results, for the s- polarized incident light, the transmission reduces and the reflection increases by incident angle. For the p- polarized light, the reflection reduces else for the incident directions near the Bruster’s angle and the transmission almost remains constant. The numbers of Bragg peaks via arm number were also considered for s-polarized light at the 〖60〗^° incident angle. The results determined four arms as the period of zig-zag structure. Besides, the red and blue shifts were observed for the wavelengths smaller and greater than 550 nm, respectively. At last, no Bragg peak was observed for p-polarized light at all incident angles. پرونده مقاله

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332 - The Effect of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Regulation and Emotional Labor on Their Reflective Action in EFL Online Classes
Nashmineh Moradi Faramarz Azizmalayeri Hossein Ahmadi

10.30495/jfl.2023.706285

Abstract:This study sought to determine the impact of self-regulation and emotional labor on reflective action among Iranian EFL teachers in online EFL classes using structural equation modeling. To achieve this, a combination of cluster sampling and stratified random s چکیده کامل

Abstract:This study sought to determine the impact of self-regulation and emotional labor on reflective action among Iranian EFL teachers in online EFL classes using structural equation modeling. To achieve this, a combination of cluster sampling and stratified random sampling of 500 people was recruited. The participants were administered with the English version of Dutch questionnaire of emotional labor, Teacher Self-Regulation Scale and Teaching Reflection Inventory. After collecting data using three distinct questionnaires pertaining to latent variables, SEM analysis was conducted using IMB SPSS version 28.0 and Amos version 24.0 to analyze the path model relationships. To this end, a hypnotical model was proposed, evaluated, and specified to fit the data. The confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the hypothetical model by employing goodness of fit indices and analyzing all the convergences between the latent variables and the related sub-scales. According to the criteria for a good model's fitness, all of the model's values are above 0.90, indicating that the model has good fitness. And it was concluded that there was statistically significant relationships between the variables of the study. پرونده مقاله

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333 - Effects of Immersive Learning and Communicative Language Teaching on the Oral Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency of Iranian EFL Learners with Expressive Language Disorder
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee

10.30495/jfl.2023.706326

The CTML served as the primary source of motivation for this investigation, which explored the effects of Immersive Learning (IL) and Communicative Language Teaching on the Oral Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency (CAF) of Iranian EFL learners with Expressive Language Dis چکیده کامل

The CTML served as the primary source of motivation for this investigation, which explored the effects of Immersive Learning (IL) and Communicative Language Teaching on the Oral Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency (CAF) of Iranian EFL learners with Expressive Language Disorder (ELD). Using a quasi-Solomon four-group design, the participants, who were all Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners with mild to moderate levels of ELD, were separated into experimental and control groups. There were a total of 36 participants in this study. The intervention consisted of virtual reality (VR) authoring eighty speech exercises in the form of learning chunks for twenty sessions lasting seventy minutes each. In the groups that served as controls, the content was presented using a method known as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). Both the pre-test and the post-test were conducted orally using the CAF test. In terms of oral complexity (syntactic complexity and diversity), oral accuracy (error-free sentences and accurate verb forms), and oral fluency (number of vocally generated syllables), the findings revealed that individuals who received IL fared better than their counterparts in the CLT group. The findings may have important implications for teaching English as a foreign language and for rehabilitative education. پرونده مقاله

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334 - Reflexive Metadiscourse Markers in Academic Interviews: A Frequency and Functional Study
Oranoos Rezaei Seyed Foad Ebrahimi Saeed Yazdani

10.30495/jfl.2022.697340

There are two different trends for the study of metadiscourse, including interactive and reflexive. The reflexive model suggested by (Mauranen, 1993) and (Ädel, 2010) cares about reflexivity in language. As reflexivity plays a pivotal role in spoken genres, this st چکیده کامل

There are two different trends for the study of metadiscourse, including interactive and reflexive. The reflexive model suggested by (Mauranen, 1993) and (Ädel, 2010) cares about reflexivity in language. As reflexivity plays a pivotal role in spoken genres, this study aimed to study the frequency and functions of reflexive metadiscourse markers in academic interviews. Hence, this study focused on a corpus of three academic interviews carried out in English native academic context that was taken from “The Michigan Corpus of Academe Spoken English” (MICASE). The corpus was analyzed using the model by Ädel that includes four functional categories of metalinguistic comments, discourse organization, speech act labels, and references to the audiences. The results showed that about one-quarter of the personal pronouns were metadiscourse. Besides, among the personal pronouns that perform metadiscourse function, singular first-person pronoun was the most frequent while plural first-person pronoun was very rare. It was also found that among the four functions, the interviewees and interviewers paid more attention to metalinguistic comments and references to the audience. The results of this study could add to the knowledge of those participating in interviews in general and in the academic context in particular. پرونده مقاله

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335 - English Language Teachers’ Reflections on Online Language Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Mehdi Shaahdadi Goughari Mehry Haddad Narafshan

10.30495/jfl.2022.697334

During the Covid-19 pandemic, universities around the world faced closure because of social distancing and lockdown, therefore, unprecedently, education had to move online and universities in Iran were not exceptional. This sudden and abrupt shift required teachers to r چکیده کامل

During the Covid-19 pandemic, universities around the world faced closure because of social distancing and lockdown, therefore, unprecedently, education had to move online and universities in Iran were not exceptional. This sudden and abrupt shift required teachers to rethink their attitudes and beliefs. This study has been conducted to explore English Language Teachers’ attitudes toward their practices concerning the effects of social distancing and the maximized use of technology in the teaching profession. Having adopted a qualitative method to investigate teachers’ experiences, the data of this study were collected through interviews with nine English language university teachers, and their reflective journals. Generally, the results communicate considerable appreciation for integrating technology in English language courses. To be more detailed, this study revealed three main categories for positive attitudes (pedagogical innovation, instructional support, and professional identity formation) each with some subcategories. Also, the analysis highlights three concerns (technology-related challenges, classroom management, and inflexibility in behavior) for online teaching. The implications of the study mainly provide a welcoming environment for utilizing technology in teaching, especially in English language teaching. پرونده مقاله

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336 - Intercultural competence, Intercultural sensitivity, and Language Pedagogy: Perspectives of Iranian Novice and Experienced EFL Teachers
Sina Khalili Mohammad Mohammadi

10.30495/jfl.2022.697443

Intercultural competence and intercultural sensitivity have drawn the attention of a myriad of scholars in the fields of language teaching, communication, culture, gender, and ethnicity. This is the rationale behind the current research aiming at investigating EFL teach چکیده کامل

Intercultural competence and intercultural sensitivity have drawn the attention of a myriad of scholars in the fields of language teaching, communication, culture, gender, and ethnicity. This is the rationale behind the current research aiming at investigating EFL teachers’ beliefs concerning the concepts of intercultural communication competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) and how such concepts are promoted in their real practices in English classes. To this end, utilizing a qualitative design, a sample of 20 EFL teachers (11 experienced and 9 novice teachers) from different language institutes in West Azerbaijan province were selected. A semi-structured interview and a three-session observation were conducted as data-gathering tools. The results of the data analysis indicated that even though Iranian EFL teachers were familiar with the concepts of IS and ICC and they knew that language and culture are not isolated terms, they ignored culture in the classes due to some regularities imposed on them by society. As a matter of fact, for teachers, the concept of language is the top priority while culture plays a second fiddle. The study has some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and learners in overcoming cultural differences to improve the level of language proficiency. پرونده مقاله

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337 - Analyzing the Main EFL Learners' Writing Problems with Focus on Figurative Language: Metaphor and Metonymy Instruction
Nasrin Jenabagha Shaban Najafi Karim Amir Marzban

10.30495/jfl.2023.699906

This study was an endeavor to explore the main sources of EFL learners' writing problems through dialogic interactions. It also investigated the effect of metaphor and metonymy on EFL learners' writing achievement. To achieve this end, the researcher adopted mixed-metho چکیده کامل

This study was an endeavor to explore the main sources of EFL learners' writing problems through dialogic interactions. It also investigated the effect of metaphor and metonymy on EFL learners' writing achievement. To achieve this end, the researcher adopted mixed-method research with a sample of intermediate language students from both genders. In the qualitative section, 20 EFL learners were selected through purposive sampling, and in the quantitative section, 120 language students were selected through convenience sampling from a university in Gorgan. Data were gathered through Quick Oxford Placement Test (OPT), writing tests, and a semi-structured interview. After recording and transcribing the interviews, the transcripts of the interviews were formatted using the software NVIVO 11 Pro®. With the help of this software, the textual data were reduced into some statements which could reflect the main ideas of the participants’ lived experiences without any intervention from the researcher. However, the data of the tests were inserted into SPSS software and the ANCOVA test was run to indicate differences between the three groups in terms of their writing improvement. The main results suggested that metaphor and metonymy through dialogic interactions had significant effects on the participations’ writing achievement. As well as that, findings from the analysis of data revealed the four main sources of writing problems as linguistic, personal, epistemological, and ecological. پرونده مقاله

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338 - Teacher Autonomy and Personality Traits: A Comparative Study of Iranian Male and Female EFL Teachers
Elaheh Fadaee Amir Marzban Shaaban Najafi Karimi

10.30495/jfl.2022.692623

Teacher autonomy and teacher personality, both affecting teaching and learning processes, were focused on in this gender-comparative study. The required data was gathered through convenience sampling by online distributing two sets of questionnaires, which were responde چکیده کامل

Teacher autonomy and teacher personality, both affecting teaching and learning processes, were focused on in this gender-comparative study. The required data was gathered through convenience sampling by online distributing two sets of questionnaires, which were responded by 156 Iranian EFL teachers, including both males and females. Then, SPSS-26 was used to analyze the data in this quantitative correlational survey to answer the two research questions, and the results indicated that a) among the five sub-constructs of personality traits, the Extraversion construct stayed on the first place according to its correlation degree to teacher autonomy, which was assessed very strong; b) male teachers naturally felt more sense of autonomy than females did; also, they are more extraverted, open, and conscientious than female teachers. Finally, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was applied to support the acquired results. This survey can be best suited for EFL teachers to become more sensitive about their personality constructs. پرونده مقاله

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339 - Attitudes of University Students toward English Language Education Policy in Iraqi Kurdistan
Momen Yaseen Amin Javad Gholami

10.30495/jfl.2022.697332

Despite widespread coverage of language policy in the literature, there has been scant research probing into English language education policy at tertiary levels in general and the higher education context of Iraqi Kurdistan in particular. The present qualitative study چکیده کامل

Despite widespread coverage of language policy in the literature, there has been scant research probing into English language education policy at tertiary levels in general and the higher education context of Iraqi Kurdistan in particular. The present qualitative study investigated EFL students' perceptions of English language education policy, current educational policies, and the purposes for learning in Kurdish contexts across genders and study fields. To this end, a version of Yang's (2012) questionnaire was adapted and administered to university EFL students majoring in soft and hard sciences (N=300, male 34%, female 67%) at two private and state universities in Iraqi Kurdistan. The statistical analysis of the obtained data revealed students' positive attitudes toward learning English as an international language in both soft and hard sciences. Notably, students stressed that all Iraqi Kurdish students should learn the English language in English- and Kurdish-medium classes. They also considered English competence as a significant academic accomplishment. However, some of them felt dissatisfied with the status quo of English education in their institutions. The findings of this study offer insights and recommendations for English education policymakers, administrators, and instructors at tertiary levels. پرونده مقاله

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340 - Effect of Group Dynamic Assessment on the Development of Learners’ Listening Comprehension: A Case of Female Iranian EFL Learners
Mahshid Ghenaat Fariba Rahimi Esfahani Sajad Shafiee Mehrdad Sepehri

10.30495/jfl.2023.703204

This study aimed to examine the impact of Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA) on the listening comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this purpose, through the Preliminary English Test (PET) 140 Iranian EFL female learners in four English Language Institutes چکیده کامل

This study aimed to examine the impact of Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA) on the listening comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this purpose, through the Preliminary English Test (PET) 140 Iranian EFL female learners in four English Language Institutes of Ahvaz, Iran, were tested, and 80 of them were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. They were taught through group dynamic assessment. After the pretest and treatment sessions, the participants were given the listening comprehension post-test and the resultant scores were statistically analyzed to detect their development from pretest to post-test. The obtained results revealed that Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA) had a positive impact on the participants’ listening comprehension. This finding implies that EFL teachers may need to consider the positive impact of dynamic assessment on EFL learners’ listening comprehension improvement and provide them with more opportunities to interact. They may also need to create a change in the traditional models of listening comprehension assessment which emphasize psychometric quantification of students' performances. پرونده مقاله

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341 - Combined Effect of Critical Thinking and Dynamic Assessment on Enhancing Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance: A Focus on Teaching Writing Strategies
Raheleh Taheri Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi Omid Tabatabaei Hadi Salehi

This study aimed to explore the combined impacts of critical thinking and dynamic Assessment on enhancing the writing performance of Iranian EFL learners, specifically focusing on teaching writing strategies. We selected 80 intermediate-level participants from a pool of چکیده کامل

This study aimed to explore the combined impacts of critical thinking and dynamic Assessment on enhancing the writing performance of Iranian EFL learners, specifically focusing on teaching writing strategies. We selected 80 intermediate-level participants from a pool of approximately 200 language learners at an accredited institute (Gooyesh). These participants were divided equally into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group (EG) received writing strategies through the application of critical thinking principles and dynamic assessment. The control group (CG) received writing strategies through traditional methods without receiving critical thinking or dynamic assessment principles. The two groups underwent a writing pre-test to assess their initial writing skills, and after the treatment, to measure their writing improvement, they took a post-test using the same evaluation criteria as those of the pre-test. Then, appropriate statistical tools were employed to gauge the participants' writing progress as a result of the instructional methods. The results indicated that integrating dynamic assessment and critical thinking strategies significantly improved participants' written communication skills. These findings hold promise for EFL instructors, curriculum designers, and material developers. پرونده مقاله

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342 - Iranian EFL Teachers' Perception of Formulaic-Oriented Witten Corrective Feedback Practices
Zahra Hardani Naeeme Zade Javad Gholami Mehdi Sarkhosh

Although there is an increasing amount of research examining the efficacy of Witten Corrective Feedback (WCF) in enhancing the grammatical accuracy of EFL learners, only a few studies have explored the perspectives of EFL teachers regarding Formulaic-oriented Witten Cor چکیده کامل

Although there is an increasing amount of research examining the efficacy of Witten Corrective Feedback (WCF) in enhancing the grammatical accuracy of EFL learners, only a few studies have explored the perspectives of EFL teachers regarding Formulaic-oriented Witten Corrective Feedback (FWCF) in EFL settings. Using a mixed-method approach, this interpretive exploratory study sought to understand the attitudes of Iranian EFL teachers toward FWCF. The analyses were based on quantitative data from a 13-item anonymous bespoke online survey, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, and an open-ended question at the end of the survey. EFL teachers (n =137) responded to the online survey, and 7 participants participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that female teachers' favorable opinions about the effectiveness of WCF for improving EFL learners' writing performance resulted from their belief that the learners' capacity to use more formal and courteous language in their writing assignments was positively impacted by using these formulaic sequences. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that EFL teachers preferred direct WCF methods over indirect tactics. The most essential component that affected teachers' practices in the classroom was training designed to change their perspective of the valuelessness of WCF. The teachers' lack of satisfactory understanding of formulaic sequences stemmed from their lack of information. In addition, teachers' hesitancy to use them in the lower proficiency levels emanated from their misconceptions of their uselessness in the language learners' writing tasks. پرونده مقاله

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343 - The Impact of Spaced Instruction versus Massed Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension, and Vocabulary Gain
Zeinab Rezaei Gashti Ali Asghar Yousefi Azarfam Fatemeh Mirzapour

This investigation aimed to examine the impact of spaced and massed education on the reading comprehension and vocabulary gain of Iranian EFL students. The researcher selected 150 Iranian participants out of 300 based on their enactment in the Oxford Quick Placement Tes چکیده کامل

This investigation aimed to examine the impact of spaced and massed education on the reading comprehension and vocabulary gain of Iranian EFL students. The researcher selected 150 Iranian participants out of 300 based on their enactment in the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). The selected medium participants were unsystematically assigned into two empirical groupings (spacing and massed) and one control group. The participants' reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge in English were estimated using a pre-test. Three groups were provided with instruction on reading skills by English texts and new words from American English File 3. The massed group received a 90-minute session for each text, whereas the spaced group received three 30-minute sessions; the first session lasted 30 minutes, followed by two more sessions, each lasting 30 minutes, scheduled two days apart. Behind the teaching, a reading and vocabulary post-test post-test were distributed to the three classes. The results of data analysis utilizing independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA showed a considerable distinction between the post-tests of the spaced and massed groups compared to the control group. The findings demonstrate that the spaced grouping, which followed the specific recommended steps in their community, outperformed the massed and control groups (p < .05). This has consequential implications for English instructors, learners, and curriculum developers. پرونده مقاله

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344 - Reflection Levels among Iranian EFL Teachers: The Interactional Effects of Gender, Academic Degree and their Teachers’ Experience
Parvin Rezaie Haniyeh Davatgari Asl Nader Asadi

10.30495/jfl.2023.707677

In today's society, it is important for teachers, particularly foreign language teachers, to understand that reflectivity is considered as a main factor in growing teaching profession. This study sought to examine the different dimensions of reflective teaching among Ir چکیده کامل

In today's society, it is important for teachers, particularly foreign language teachers, to understand that reflectivity is considered as a main factor in growing teaching profession. This study sought to examine the different dimensions of reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers considering the variables of gender, academic degree , teaching experience ‌,and interactional effect between them .In doing so, initially using an explanatory sequential mixed method survey‌ design a five–point Lickert scale ,29-items Reflective Teaching Questionnaire including (practical, meta-cognitive, critical, cognitive and affective ) was distributed to 142 EFL teachers (male and female) with 4 to 30+ years of professional experience with BA, MA, and PhD. academic degrees. Considering teaching experience, the participants were categorized into three groups.MANOVA results indicated the significant effect of teachers’ experience on their reflective teaching with the least effect reported on the affective dimension. Secondly, sixteen EFL teachers were invited to participate in an interview. The results of the present study will be useful for EFL teachers to have effective teaching, and to involve themselves more in exploring their students’ learning styles and critical aspects of the teaching context. Obviously, reflective teaching would help teachers to foster their independence. The analysis revealed that shortage of time, prescribed syllabi, predetermined textbooks, and ineffective teacher training programs were the main obstacles to reflectivity as experienced by the teachers. The outcomes have pedagogical implications for Iranian EFL teachers and theoreticians in the area of language teaching. پرونده مقاله

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345 - Role of Iranian EFL Teachers' Biological Factors in Managing Learners' Misbehaviours
Zahra Hashempour Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabrizi

Classroom management is a key component of teachers' professional competent for promoting learning. This study investigated teachers' classroom management strategies in responding to Iranian EFL learners' misbehaviours in terms of teachers' biological factors including چکیده کامل

Classroom management is a key component of teachers' professional competent for promoting learning. This study investigated teachers' classroom management strategies in responding to Iranian EFL learners' misbehaviours in terms of teachers' biological factors including age and gender. The participants of the study were 75 (41 females and 34 males) teachers at universities and in language institutes of Fars Province, Iran. The study enjoyed a descriptive design using two sets of instruments encompassing a Five Likert-scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview for collecting the data. The questionnaire determined teachers' classroom management strategies and the interview collected their opinions regarding classroom management. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA and an independent sample t-test were run. The findings indicated that teachers' age and gender had significant effects on the types of strategies that they used when they faced misbehaviour. The findings also revealed that male teachers significantly used the strategies such as verbal warning, and female teachers removing the student from the class. The age groups were different in terms of using two strategies namely reward student with free time or activities and lower students' grade. The findings could have implication for curriculum designers, EFL teachers, and policymakers because it could enhance their skills in better management of learners' misbehaviours. پرونده مقاله

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346 - Relationship Between VIA Character Strengths and Iranian EFL Learners' General L2 Proficiency
Matin Iraji Omid Tabatabaei Mehdi Vaez-Dalili

This study focused on the relationship between VIA (Values in Action) character strengths and the general second language (L2) proficiency of Iranian upper-intermediate EFLlearners. The researchers aimed to investigate the reletionship between six VIA virtues (courage, چکیده کامل

This study focused on the relationship between VIA (Values in Action) character strengths and the general second language (L2) proficiency of Iranian upper-intermediate EFLlearners. The researchers aimed to investigate the reletionship between six VIA virtues (courage, justice, humanity, temperance, wisdom, and transcendence) and learners' general L2 proficiency. The study involved 300 Iranian EFL learners enrolled in five language institutes in Isfahan, Iran. The participants' proficiency level was assessed using an Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). Language proficiency was evaluated through the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and a questionnaire was used to measure VIA characteristics. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between various subcategories of VIA characteristics and general L2 proficiency. These subcategories included wisdom, creativity, curiosity, judgment, love of learning, courage, perseverance, honesty, humanity, love, kindness, social intelligence, justice, fairness, leadership, temperance, forgiveness, humility, prudence, self-regulation, transcendence, appreciation, gratitude, hope, humor, spirituality, and L2 proficiency. These results have implications for educational practitioners, such as school counselors, instructors, educational policymakers, and researchers, as they highlight the importance of VIA character strengths in promoting language learning achievement. پرونده مقاله

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347 - Impact of Multimedia Technology Use in English Classes on the Enhancement of EFL Learners’ Self-Concept
Vahdat Karimi Mohammad Alipour Sajad Shafiee

10.30495/jfl.2023.1999992.2371

The present research aimed to determine the possible effect of multimedia use in English classes on the development of EFL learners’ self-concept. For this purpose, 80 EFL students were selected through covariance sampling from among all the male high school Engli چکیده کامل

The present research aimed to determine the possible effect of multimedia use in English classes on the development of EFL learners’ self-concept. For this purpose, 80 EFL students were selected through covariance sampling from among all the male high school English students in Ahvaz and were equally divided into an experimental group (n=40) and a control group (n= 40). To collect the needed data for the aims of the study, Chen & Thompson (2004) self-concept questionnaire was employed. Then, based on the quasi-experimental, pre-test, and post-test methods of the study, the elicited data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. The obtained results showed that using multimedia in instruction has a significant impact on EFL learners’ self-concept. These findings have some implications for teaching English as a foreign language. First, the use of up-to-date multimedia technology needs to be encouraged more than before in schools, language institutes, and universities. Second, teachers’ interest, readiness, and expertise to use multimedia facilities need to be evaluated before appointing them as English language instructors. Finally, suitable grounds for the implementation of multimedia technology should be provided in educational setting. پرونده مقاله

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348 - Writing in EFL: Exploring students' perspectives in Syrian high school and university contexts
Batoul Khoja Debasish Mohapatra Madan Sarma

This paper is a part of a larger study that examines the development of students' English writing skills during the transition from school education to higher education in Syria, where English is a foreign language. The main objective of this paper is exploring teaching چکیده کامل

This paper is a part of a larger study that examines the development of students' English writing skills during the transition from school education to higher education in Syria, where English is a foreign language. The main objective of this paper is exploring teaching practices affect students transition from one level to the next via obtaining students' perceptions about writing, challenges they encounter while writing, and the strategies they use to overcome them. Two separate questionnaires were given to 206 school students from 7 different high schools across Latakia City and 206 first-year students at the Department of English Literature and Language, Tishreen University in Latakia. The main findings indicated that students of both levels were mostly concerned with grammar rather ideas and content, and with the product rather than the process of writing. Moreover, students lacked confidence in their writing ability and mostly depended on ready-made samples and teachers as the main sources of information. The study recommends changing the product-oriented approach to writing instruction currently adopted by school teachers, conducting effective teacher-training programs that include training them to develop students' writing by involving them in the writing process and teaching them how to use writing strategies effectively. پرونده مقاله

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349 - Epistemological and Ecological Perception of the Roots of EFL Writing Problems: A Phenomenology and a Path Analysis
Nasrin Jenabagha Shaban Najafi Karimi Amir Marzban

10.52547/JFL.9.38.11

Delving into the sources of foreign language writing problems is usually neglected. This necessitates more scrutiny of finding out where these problems originate from. To this end, the present study sought to follow a two-fold aim: finding the roots of the Iranian EFL l چکیده کامل

Delving into the sources of foreign language writing problems is usually neglected. This necessitates more scrutiny of finding out where these problems originate from. To this end, the present study sought to follow a two-fold aim: finding the roots of the Iranian EFL learners’ writing problems, and discovering how these roots are interconnected with each other and come up with a corresponding model. In the qualitative part of the study, a phenomenological research tradition was adopted and 20 EFL learners were selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative part, through convenience sampling 120 language learners from an English language school in Gorgan, Iran, were selected to be the participants of the study. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-developed questionnaire were used as the instruments for data collection. The results obtained from the analysis of data revealed that writing problems originate from various sources, mainly linguistic, personal, epistemological and ecological, and enjoy a model in which epistemological, linguistic and ecological sources have direct effects and personal source has indirect effect on writing problems. Recognition of epistemological and ecological sources as a novel finding can make teachers revisit their view of these less-approached issues. پرونده مقاله

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350 - Relationship between Professional Identity and Reflectivity: A Case of Iranian EFL Teachers
pouria Aghaei Mohammad Bavali Fatemeh Behjat

EFL teachers’ professional identity is a multi-dimensional and complicated concept. It is influenced by many other issues in the educational context such as reflective practice. This study intended to explore the relationship between professional identity and refl چکیده کامل

EFL teachers’ professional identity is a multi-dimensional and complicated concept. It is influenced by many other issues in the educational context such as reflective practice. This study intended to explore the relationship between professional identity and reflectivity of Iranian EFL teachers. It also aimed to examine how high and low reflective teachers perceive the professional identity components. The participants were 89 EFL teachers teaching at three universities in Shiraz, Iran. Their selection was based on convenience sampling. The participants were asked to fill out two questionnaires including teacher professional identity questionnaire (Liou, 2008) and teacher reflectivity questionnaire (Akbari et al., 2010). Pearson product correlation coefficient revealed that there was a positive relationship between EFL teachers’ professional identity and reflectivity. Furthermore, the findings of regression analysis indicated that reflectivity could predict EFL teachers’ professional identity. Furthermore, the participants were categorized into two high and low reflective groups. Two groups were interviewed to examine the professional identity perceptions used by high and low reflective teachers. The thematic analysis showed that high reflective teachers used and implemented much more professional identity components in their teaching practice in comparison to the low reflective teachers. پرونده مقاله

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351 - Structural Priming Effects on EFL Production of Passive Structures
Ahmad Ameri-Golestan

This study investigates the role structural priming plays in production of passive structures among Iranian EFL learners. In order to answer the research question, which asked whether structural priming effects result in an increase in the production of the target struc چکیده کامل

This study investigates the role structural priming plays in production of passive structures among Iranian EFL learners. In order to answer the research question, which asked whether structural priming effects result in an increase in the production of the target structure (i.e., passive structures), 60 Iranian EFL learners participated in the study. After taking the placement test, they were divided into four experimental and control groups, namely Experimental High-Proficiency, Experimental Mid-Proficiency, Control High-Proficiency, and Control Mid-Proficiency. Participants then took part in picture description sessions the results of which were subjected to a 2 x 2 analysis of variance. The results of the experiment showed that priming resulted in increased production of the target structure in question by experimental groups as compared with production by control groups. In addition, the results indicated that EFL level of proficiency made a significant difference in production of the target structures. It is believed that structural priming can be employed as an alternative technique for presenting certain grammatical structures پرونده مقاله

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352 - EFL Teachers’ Corrective Feedback and Students’ Revision in a Peruvian University: A descriptive study
Maria Lourdes Lira Gonzales Martha Lira de Tejeda Janna Tolentino Krous Dora Vasquez

This study explored the EFL teachers’ written corrective feedback (CF) techniques and their EFL students’ ability to integrate the CF while revising their texts. A total of 72 EFL students and 4 EFL teachers participated in this study. The data were collecte چکیده کامل

This study explored the EFL teachers’ written corrective feedback (CF) techniques and their EFL students’ ability to integrate the CF while revising their texts. A total of 72 EFL students and 4 EFL teachers participated in this study. The data were collected through explicitation interviews administered to teachers and students, as well as through students’ written productions. A content analysis was carried out employing three pre-established categories: types of students’ errors (Guénette & Lyster, 2013), types of teachers’ feedback (Guénette, 2010), and types of students’ revisions (Ferris, 2006). Results showed that error identification with error code was the most frequent type of written CF used by the two teachers in the pre intermediate groups and one of the teachers in the upper intermediate group; whereas, the other teacher in the upper intermediate group used mainly direct error correction without comment when providing feedback. In addition, results showed that although students from different levels undertook revisions of their errors in different ways, most were ultimately able to correct their errors. پرونده مقاله

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353 - L1 Transfer in L2 Acquisition of the There-Insertion Construction by Mandarin EFL Learners
Lili Wu

This study examined the role of the native language (L1) transfer in a non-native language (L2) acquisition of the there-insertion construction at the syntax-semantics interface. Specifically, the study investigated if Mandarin EFL learners would make overgeneralization چکیده کامل

This study examined the role of the native language (L1) transfer in a non-native language (L2) acquisition of the there-insertion construction at the syntax-semantics interface. Specifically, the study investigated if Mandarin EFL learners would make overgeneralization errors in the situation where an L1 argument structure constitutes a superset of its L2 counterpart. Verbs of existence and appearance (EAA) such as exist, appear are possible with the there-insertion construction in which the single argument remains in the underlying direct object position. In Mandarin, some verb classes also allow their single arguments to appear in the verb-subject (VS) order. For example, VEA and verbs of monadic change of state (COS) (die, escape) are compatible with the VS order. Some verbs of manner of motion (MOM) (run, swim) are also permissible with the construction. Seventy upper-intermediate and advanced L1 Mandarin EFL learners and 30 native English speakers participated in an acceptability judgement test, the results of which show that L1 Mandarin EFL learners acquired native-like knowledge of the there-insertion construction with verbs of EAA, but they have difficulties recognizing the unacceptability of the there-insertion sentences with verbs of COS and MOM. Individual results by subjects show that it is possible to recover from L1 transfer. Mandarin EFL learners start to unlearn the overgeneralization errors with MOM verbs by drawing on the semantic properties. The experimental results provide further evidence for the previous findings suggesting that the L2 argument structure acquisition is constrained by L1, and the recovery from L1 transfer is also possible. پرونده مقاله

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354 - Effects of Cooperative Learning on Vocabulary Achievement of Reflective/Impulsive Iranian EFL Learners
Sajad Shafiee Seyyedeh Raziyeh Khavaran

This study examined the effects of cooperative learning techniques (CLT) on vocabulary achievement of reflective/impulsive Iranian EFL Learners. From among 130 students at Fajr institute in Dehdasht, Kohkiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province, Iran, 90 participants were select چکیده کامل

This study examined the effects of cooperative learning techniques (CLT) on vocabulary achievement of reflective/impulsive Iranian EFL Learners. From among 130 students at Fajr institute in Dehdasht, Kohkiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province, Iran, 90 participants were selected based on their performance on the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). The participants were then divided into two experimental groups (comprising reflective learners and impulsive learners) and one control group labeled as conventional instruction (CI) group. The instrument used to divide the participants into reflective and impulsive groups was the Eysenck’s (1990) Impulsivity Questionnaire. The experimental groups were taught with the student team achievement division (STAD) technique, while the control group was taught through the traditional method for ten weeks. To measure the vocabulary knowledge of the learners in different groups at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, a pretest and a posttest, each consisting of 40 items on new English words based on their book were used. Independent-Samples and paired-samples t tests were used to determine whether there were significant inter- and intra-group differences. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the experimental groups (reflective and impulsive) performed better on vocabulary achievement posttest than the control group (CI), and also it was revealed that reflective learners performed better on vocabulary achievement than impulsive learners. In sum, cooperative learning enhanced learners’ vocabulary performance, especially the reflective ones. پرونده مقاله

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355 - Implementing Project Work in Teaching English at High School: The Case of Vietnamese Teachers’ Challenges
Loi Nguyen Ly Huynh Cong Nguyen

Research on using project work in teaching various disciplines has pointed out a number of challenges facing teachers. Similar research in the EFL classroom, however, has been under-researched. This study aimed to fill the gap with a report on the Vietnamese high school چکیده کامل

Research on using project work in teaching various disciplines has pointed out a number of challenges facing teachers. Similar research in the EFL classroom, however, has been under-researched. This study aimed to fill the gap with a report on the Vietnamese high school teachers’ challenges in implementing project-based learning in the setting of curricular innovation in English instruction nationwide. The participants of the study were thirty-three EFL teachers from sixteen high schools in both rural and urban areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. With a questionnaire and an in-depth interview, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Data analysis indicated that the teachers faced major challenges in time management, adaptation of project activities, student support, and project assessment. These results provide useful implications for how innovative approaches can be successfully implemented, especially with respect to the kind of support EFL teachers need to make project-based learning more feasible in the Vietnamese educational context and similar ones. پرونده مقاله

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356 - The Use of Speaking Strategies by Iranian EFL University Students
Nasrollah Kabirzadeh Najafabadi

Speaking is one important skill in language learning. EFL students are sometimes faced with problems, while speaking to their interlocutors due to the lack of sufficient linguistic knowledge, and they have to quit the conversation. This study examines the use of speakin چکیده کامل

Speaking is one important skill in language learning. EFL students are sometimes faced with problems, while speaking to their interlocutors due to the lack of sufficient linguistic knowledge, and they have to quit the conversation. This study examines the use of speaking strategies by some Iranian male and female EFL university students .The use of these strategies was examined in relation to the EFL university students’ gender and their proficiency level based on which, they were classified as low, intermediate and high-proficient groups .A sample of 100 Iranian EFL students was randomly selected .The sample consisted of students with different gender and proficiency levels. The questionnaire of communication strategies use was administered. It included five main categories in 30 items for speaking. The results showed no differences related to the use of speaking strategies by EFL students and their gender. In relation to the use of speaking strategies by EFL students and their proficiency levels, no differences were observed, either. The implications of this study are discussed in this article. پرونده مقاله

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357 - Alleviating Iranian EFL Students’ Speaking Anxiety: Mobile-assisted instruction vs. traditional instruction
Farideh Ataeifar Firooz Sadighi Mohammad sadegh bagheri Fatemeh Behjat

Language classrooms are occasionally anxiety-breeding situations. Foreign language classroom anxiety which negatively affects foreign language learning is typically associated with productive activities mainly speaking skill. To cope with the issue and overcome language چکیده کامل

Language classrooms are occasionally anxiety-breeding situations. Foreign language classroom anxiety which negatively affects foreign language learning is typically associated with productive activities mainly speaking skill. To cope with the issue and overcome language learning difficulties, the present study was conducted to explore the impact of mobile-assisted language learning on enhancing EFL students’ oral proficiency and relieving their speaking anxiety. 60 sophomore female students whose ages ranged from 18 to 24 were selected from Zand University in Shiraz, Iran and randomly divided into two groups. Traditional instruction was adopted to teach both groups for two hours in a week for four months. Out of class, however, they did various speaking activities. The participants in the control group followed their course book speaking activities. But, the experimental group experienced mobile-assisted language learning to do their out-of-class speaking activities via a mobile application (Voice Thread). The Preliminary English Test and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Paired samples t-test results indicated that Voice Thread experience significantly enhanced the participants’ oral proficiency and lowered their foreign language speaking anxiety.these findings provide experimental evidence that Voice Thread can be used as an educational tool to help EFL students to improve their oral proficiency and create their own individual less-threatening language learning environment. پرونده مقاله

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358 - The Role of Listening Strategy Instruction in Advancing Students’ Listening Achievement and Strategy Use
Belilew Molla Gebre Girma Gezahegn Tadesse

Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of listening strategy instruction on students’ listening achievement and strategy use. The participants of the study were 50 English major freshman students of Dilla University. These Students w چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of listening strategy instruction on students’ listening achievement and strategy use. The participants of the study were 50 English major freshman students of Dilla University. These Students were placed in experimental and control conditions for the purpose of comparing the mean difference between the two groups. The control group was taught listening skills by the conventional approach while experimental group was given explicit listening strategy instruction. The study followed pretest-posttest control group experimental design. The main instruments used to collect data were IELTS listening tests and Strategy Inventory for Language Learners (SILL) which was adapted to listening skills strategy inventory. The study employed statistical techniques to analyze the data obtained from listening tests and Listening Strategy Inventory for Listening. To this effect, independent-samples t test and repeated measures t test were used to examine whether the listening tests/inventory mean differences between and within groups were statistically significant. The findings revealed that listening strategy instruction was more effective and had a positive impact on students’ academic achievement in listening than the conventional approach. Moreover, it was found that the instruction improved the participants’ strategy use. پرونده مقاله

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359 - Relationship between L2 Learners' Autonomy and Their Cognitive Style: Reflectivity in Focus
Raheleh Salimian Omid Tabatabaei

Abstract This study aimed to determine the relationship between L2 learners' autonomy and their cognitive style focusing on reflectivity. It was conducted with 140 Iranian M.A. EFL learners from Department of English at Islamic Azad University of Najafabad. In order to چکیده کامل

Abstract This study aimed to determine the relationship between L2 learners' autonomy and their cognitive style focusing on reflectivity. It was conducted with 140 Iranian M.A. EFL learners from Department of English at Islamic Azad University of Najafabad. In order to have a homogeneous sample, the second version of Quick Placement Test (QPT) was administered. Then, 85 lower and 50 higher proficiency students were selected based on the scoring level chart of the QPT. In order to estimate participants' autonomy, the Learner Autonomy Questionnaire was administered. Then, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to determine the participants' degree of reflectivity. To answer the research questions descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed. The results revealed that, 1) There was a weak positive relationship between low proficiency L2 learners' level of autonomy and their degree of reflectivity, 2) There was a strong positive relationship between high proficiency L2 learners' level of autonomy and their degree of reflectivity. Finally, the implications of the study for EFL teachers, learners and syllabus designers were discussed. پرونده مقاله

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360 - Junior High School EFL Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Collaborative Action Research
Parisa Ghafoori Roya Baharlouie

This study aimed to analyze high school EFL teachers’ attitudes toward collaborative action research (CAR). This study was of both qualitative and quantitative types. The number of the selected samples of this research, based on the convenience sampling method, we چکیده کامل

This study aimed to analyze high school EFL teachers’ attitudes toward collaborative action research (CAR). This study was of both qualitative and quantitative types. The number of the selected samples of this research, based on the convenience sampling method, were 20 male and female EFL teachers teaching at the Education and Training Organization of Isfahan Province. As the instrument of this research, they were given the standard questionnaire of Savaskan (2013) and Byrnes (2009) to fill. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test through SPSS Software, version 25. According to the obtained results, based on descriptive statistics, both male and female teachers had a positive attitude toward collaborative action research. (56.25% of the answers were under average (3) which showd a more positive attitude). Also, in comparison with the female teachers, male ones had a more positive attitude toward collaborative action research (2.70˂2.95). Conducting such research in this realm paves the way to make sure about the right selection of the teaching techniques in general, and collaborative action research and its subcategories in particular. پرونده مقاله

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361 - A Cross-sectional Study of Oral Communication Strategies by Successful EFL Learners
Hussien Almaktary

This paper reports on how top EFL students foster oral communication strategies (OCSs) throughout their 4-year English program at the university level. It is a cross-sectional study of 40 EFL learners enrolled in the Department of English, Faculty of Education, Taiz Uni چکیده کامل

This paper reports on how top EFL students foster oral communication strategies (OCSs) throughout their 4-year English program at the university level. It is a cross-sectional study of 40 EFL learners enrolled in the Department of English, Faculty of Education, Taiz University, Yemen. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on Oxford’s Strategy inventory for language learning (SILL). The findings revealed that the respondents not only used listening and speaking strategies in Oxford’s inventory but also invented some other strategies to cope with their learning environment. It was also found that the more they advance in the EFL program, the more their strategic competence improves. The results confirm previous studies that high-achieving learners employ several OCSs which facilitate their success. These strategies are put forward to low-achieving learners so as to elevate their English learning. پرونده مقاله

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362 - Efficacy of Flipped Language Teaching in Enhancing Iranian EFL Learners’ Awareness of Reading Strategies: Learners’ English Proficiency and Attitude in Focus
Shohreh Farsi Masoud Zoghi Hanieh Davatgari

10.30495/jfl.2022.692607

AbstractThis study sought to explore the role of flipped teaching/learning in enhancing Iranian EFL learners’ awareness of reading strategies. To this end, two intermediate and two upper-intermediate intact classes participated in a quasi-experimental study. The c چکیده کامل

AbstractThis study sought to explore the role of flipped teaching/learning in enhancing Iranian EFL learners’ awareness of reading strategies. To this end, two intermediate and two upper-intermediate intact classes participated in a quasi-experimental study. The classes of each proficiency level were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Having been pretested in terms of reading strategies awareness, the experimental groups received out-of-class tuition based on a flipped classroom model. On the other hand, the control groups experienced the conventional in-class method of teaching after being gauged in terms of reading strategies awareness. The results revealed that flipped teaching affected the learners’ awareness of reading strategies positively, regardless of their English proficiency level. Additionally, the learners’ overall attitude towards the flipped classroom model was found to be positive. The findings offered an alternative approach to reading instruction in EFL contexts like Iran. پرونده مقاله

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363 - The Relationship among Learning Strategy, Autonomy and Language Proficiency of Chinese EFL Learners
Jianfeng Cheng Gerard Sagaya Raj Joanna Tan Tjin Ai

This study attempted to investigate the relationship among learning strategy, autonomy and language proficiency of Chinese university EFL students. To achieve this objective, purposive sampling and cluster sampling methods were used to select 422 non-English major stude چکیده کامل

This study attempted to investigate the relationship among learning strategy, autonomy and language proficiency of Chinese university EFL students. To achieve this objective, purposive sampling and cluster sampling methods were used to select 422 non-English major students as participants in three universities, Henan province, China. Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and Xu’s (2004) Learner Autonomy Questionnaire (LAQ) were adopted to investigate the participants’ strategy use and learner autonomy, respectively. The participants’ language proficiency was measured by their CET-4 scores. Results of the Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there existed interrelationships among the three variables: learning strategy and learner autonomy were significantly and positively correlated with each other, and both of them had significant positive relationships with language proficiency. Multiple Regressions Analysis results suggested that learner autonomy could best predict the variance in language proficiency. Pedagogical suggestions are offered to English language teachers in assisting their students with regards to the improvement of language proficiency. پرونده مقاله

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364 - Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Their Burnout Level in Universities and Schools
Ibrahim Safari

In every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research چکیده کامل

In every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research was conducted to examine the statistical relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. The data collection instruments were two questionnaires, ‘Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale’ and ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’. The participants included 152 randomly selected teachers working in universities and schools. After data collection, the SPSS software was applied to convert the obtained data into numerical and interpretable data. To quantify the statistical relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels, correlational analysis was used. Results indicated, there was negative correlation between teachers’ self efficacy and burnout levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between self-efficacy and burnout better, which indicated that teachers’ self efficacy was a negative predictor of their burnout. پرونده مقاله

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365 - Native Language Interference in Writing: A case study of Thai EFL learners
Pimpisa Rattanadilok Na Phuket Siti Jamilah Bidin

AbstractThe interference of the native language in acquiring a foreign language is unavoidable. In an attempt to explore the phenomenon why this occurs, the study was conducted in English as a foreign language writing. The study also investigated how the native language چکیده کامل

AbstractThe interference of the native language in acquiring a foreign language is unavoidable. In an attempt to explore the phenomenon why this occurs, the study was conducted in English as a foreign language writing. The study also investigated how the native language interference occurred in the writing process. In fact, this qualitative study explored the reasons and the process of native language interference in writing performances of EFL learners. The data were collected from Thai undergraduate students through semi-structured interviews. Results obtained from the analysis of this study suggested that the reasons of native language interference in EFL writing were found in three main themes: learning strategies of language learners, inadequate knowledge of the target language, and attitude towards English. Furthermore, the interference of the native language appeared in the initial stage and repeatedly occurred throughout the entire writing process. Finally, the suggestions related to the teachers’ awareness of the problematic area, the use of English as the classroom language, and the use of monolingual dictionary are offered to the EFL writing instructors in order to help their EFL students to minimize the errors caused by the native language interference. پرونده مقاله

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366 - The Important Role of Lesson Plan on Educational Achievement of Iranian EFL Teachers' Attitudes
Ali Jamali Nesari Mina Heidari

Lesson plan is a written description of education process in which it is shown what, when, where and with which method learners should learn and how they should be assessed. Lesson plan is one of the key factors in the educational process. According to the literature av چکیده کامل

Lesson plan is a written description of education process in which it is shown what, when, where and with which method learners should learn and how they should be assessed. Lesson plan is one of the key factors in the educational process. According to the literature available, unfortunately few studies have been conducted on this issue in the context of Iran. Therefore, the effect of EFL teachers' attitudes towards lesson planning on improving teaching process seems to be neglected to some extent. With regard to this gap, the present study was an attempt to survey 93 English teachers' views concerning lesson plan at secondary high schools and institutions. Participants in this study answered a Modified Questionnaire, adopted from Ramaila et al. (2014). This Questionnaire was used to measure teachers' attitudes towards lesson planning and the degree of educational differences among them. Data analysis was done by utilizing descriptive statistics and T-test. The results showed that English teachers agreed with utilizing lesson plan. No significant difference was observed among teachers' views concerning the given variable. The findings revealed that due to the importance of lesson plan, holding specialized workshops may provide information for developing better course plans. پرونده مقاله

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367 - The Effect of Paper Versus Online Worksheets on Iranian Young EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning
Naghme Soltanpour Mansoor Ganji Amir Mohammadian

10.52547/JFL.9.39.27

This quasi-experimental research aimed at investigating the effects of two different modes of worksheets on the vocabulary learning of Iranian young EFL learners. Some 20 male and female learners enrolled in a language institute in Chabahar agreed to participate in this چکیده کامل

This quasi-experimental research aimed at investigating the effects of two different modes of worksheets on the vocabulary learning of Iranian young EFL learners. Some 20 male and female learners enrolled in a language institute in Chabahar agreed to participate in this study. Then, they were randomly divided into two experimental groups, and a vocabulary test was administered before the treatment as the pre-test. This pre-test was administered to determine the learners’ vocabulary knowledge and check their homogeneity. During the treatment, learners in Paper Worksheet Group (PWG) learned new words via paper worksheets, while the learners in Online Worksheet Group (OWG) learned vocabulary items via online worksheets. At the end, all the participants took a vocabulary post-test, which was the same as the pre-test. A paired sample t-test and an independent sample t-test were run, the results of which revealed that the PWG outperformed the OWG. More precisely, paper worksheets had a significant impact on young EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. Using worksheets, teachers can create a relaxed, challenging, and fun atmosphere so that young EFL learners can learn complex vocabulary items through active and multi-dimensional learning. پرونده مقاله

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368 - A Qualitative Investigation of Students' Perceptions of Flipped learning
Shahriar Jalili Hamidreza Khalaji Hossein Ahmadi

Along with growing technology, the flipped learning model has emerged as an alternative to conventional teaching methods. The present study attempted to investigate the students' perceptions of a flipped learning classroom experience contrasted with those of a non-flipp چکیده کامل

Along with growing technology, the flipped learning model has emerged as an alternative to conventional teaching methods. The present study attempted to investigate the students' perceptions of a flipped learning classroom experience contrasted with those of a non-flipped or conventional classroom. To this end, 23 Iranian EFL learners were assigned to two groups. During the first ten weeks, non-flipped teaching was applied to class A and flipped learning to class B. After the midterm, during the next ten weeks, the teaching methods were reversed. The students were interviewed in-depth about their impressions of the learning experience. Also, a questionnaire and students' portfolios were used to draw comprehensive conclusions. The qualitative analysis of data revealed four themes: flipped or non-flipped, working with technology, group commitment, and student-teacher relationship. Overall, learners had contrasting views about learning in the flipped classroom. In general, they preferred non-flipped classroom. پرونده مقاله

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369 - Development of EFL Learners’ Referential and Expressive Writing Performance: Task-based Instruction vs. Project-based Instruction
Delaram Pourmandnia Ahmad Mohseni Hossein Rahmanpanah Ali Asghar Rostami Abusaeedi

10.30495/jfl.2022.686443

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of task-based instruction (TBI) and project-based instruction (PBI) on the improvement of EFL learners' referential and expressive writing performance. To accomplish this objective, 60 students majoring in English چکیده کامل

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of task-based instruction (TBI) and project-based instruction (PBI) on the improvement of EFL learners' referential and expressive writing performance. To accomplish this objective, 60 students majoring in English translation participated in Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), but out of them 50 students were selected as the members of a homogeneous sample. Then, they were assigned into two experimental groups. They were exposed to IELTS module task-based writing pre-test, treatment, and post-test, to assess the participants' writing performance. The participants in first experimental group received TBI to practice the referential and expressive types of writing, while those in the second group received PBI. The results showed that TBI and PBI affected the development of both referential and expressive writing among EFL learners. In addition, the results revealed that there was not any statistically significant difference between the effect of PBI and TBI on developing expressive and referential writings among EFL learners. The pedagogical implications of the study are discussed at the end of the paper. پرونده مقاله

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370 - Relationship between Autonomy and Listening Comprehension Ability among Iranian EFL Learners
Shiva Safari Omid Tabatabaei

Abstract This study aimed at investigating the possible impact of gender and proficiency level on the relationship between autonomy and listening comprehension ability among Iranian low and high proficiency male and female EFL learners. One hundred six English learners, چکیده کامل

Abstract This study aimed at investigating the possible impact of gender and proficiency level on the relationship between autonomy and listening comprehension ability among Iranian low and high proficiency male and female EFL learners. One hundred six English learners, based on the results of Oxford Placement Test (OPT), version II, took part in this study. Both female and male learners with the age range of 13 to 29 from two girl language institutes in Khomeynishahr and one boy school in Shahrekord participated in the study. The instruments of the study consisted of an OPT, an autonomy questionnaire, and two listening comprehension tests. First of all, the participants were required to take the OPT and autonomy questionnaire and then in a different session they were asked to sit for the listening comprehension tests. The collected data were analyzed by means of SPSS and the results of statistical analysis indicated that (1) gender could not modify the relationship, (2) proficiency level, on the other hand, had a significant effect on the relationship between autonomy and listening comprehension ability and those with higher proficiency outperformed the lower proficiency learners. The findings of this study could have implications for learners, teachers, and material developers. پرونده مقاله

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371 - Effects of Using Tenets of Genre Analysis on Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension
Rezvan Adelnia Hadi Salehi

Abstract Genre-based approach has been the focus of interest in the teaching of language since the mid1980s. Genre is defined in terms of the use of language in conventionalized communicative settings. The present study made an attempt to scrutinize the effects of genre چکیده کامل

Abstract Genre-based approach has been the focus of interest in the teaching of language since the mid1980s. Genre is defined in terms of the use of language in conventionalized communicative settings. The present study made an attempt to scrutinize the effects of genre-based pedagogy on Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL leaners' reading comprehension as well as the interaction between their reading comprehension achievement and their general English proficiency. To examine the formulated hypothesis, a sample of 80 Pre-intermediate EFL learners attending a language institute was selected. Then, the participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The instructional procedures went on six sessions before the posttest was administered. The results of an independent samples t test revealed that genre-based pedagogy had a significant effect on Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL learners' reading comprehension. Implications of the study can include, among other things, the incorporation of genre-based pedagogy in the EFL language teaching curriculum in Iran. پرونده مقاله

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372 - Teaching Critical Thinking through a Dialogic Approach: The infusion model
Zahra Kheradmand Saadi Naser Rashidi

Abstract Recent interest in teaching thinking has lead different researchers to examine different approaches in education to find effective methods and approaches for teaching thinking. Through a qualitative case analysis, this study attempted to identify the effects of چکیده کامل

Abstract Recent interest in teaching thinking has lead different researchers to examine different approaches in education to find effective methods and approaches for teaching thinking. Through a qualitative case analysis, this study attempted to identify the effects of the infusion model of teaching thinking implemented through a dialogic approach on a PhD candidate’s critical thinking skills. The study occurred over a semester in a PhD course which aimed at reviewing and discussing language teaching issues critically. A number of interactions and reflective journals produced by the participant during the course was analyzed qualitatively for finding different thinking abilities and elements. A number of thinking abilities and elements proposed by Paul and Nosich (1993) in a higher order thinking assessment model was used for analysis. Analysis of the interactions and reflective journals showed that the number of thinking abilities and elements increased over the course which was indicative of the effectiveness of the infusion model used through a dialogic teaching approach in developing critical thinking skills. پرونده مقاله

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373 - The Role of Pre-listening Activities on EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Zahra Rajaei

Abstract Listening plays a significant role in daily communication and educational processes. In spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in second and foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. However, on account of t چکیده کامل

Abstract Listening plays a significant role in daily communication and educational processes. In spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in second and foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. However, on account of the entire challenges EFL learners encounter in classrooms due to the listening complexity, some pre-listening activities as supports in the procedure of teaching listening are proposed by experts in the field. This research investigated 80 male and female learners in 2 groups of 40, who were selected randomly, to determine whether pre-listening activities have a significant effect on listening comprehension of English texts. It also investigated whether there was a significant difference between male and female learners on pre-listening activities in terms of their effects on the comprehension of English texts. To do this, subjects first took a TOFEL test, which served as a pre-test, to make it possible to have homogeneous learners in a control group and an experimental group. In the experimental group, some pre-listening tasks, through which the learners received general prior information about the content of the listening texts, were performed. Then, they listened to and answered some multiple-choice comprehension questions which asked for the specific information in the listening texts. However, the control group’s listening comprehension tasks were destitute of pre-listening activities. The results of the analysis of the data obtained at the end of the experiment revealed that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. It also showed that females outperformed the male group. In other words, the treatments appeared to have a significant effect on the performance of the experimental group (and especially female learners therein) in listening comprehension. پرونده مقاله

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374 - Reflective Reciprocal Teaching: A Technique for Improving Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Ability
Sara Badakhshan Khalil Motallebzadeh Parviz Maftoon

10.52547/JFL.9.38.39

The primary aim of this study was to shed light on the impact of a new instruction model, reflective reciprocal teaching (RRT), on English as a foreign language learners' (EFL) reading comprehension ability. Its mode of inquiry was a mixed-method, and it took on a quasi چکیده کامل

The primary aim of this study was to shed light on the impact of a new instruction model, reflective reciprocal teaching (RRT), on English as a foreign language learners' (EFL) reading comprehension ability. Its mode of inquiry was a mixed-method, and it took on a quasi-experimental design, including a pretest, treatment, and posttest paradigm. The sampling techniques were both convenience and random sampling by which 100 EFL freshman learners were selected and assigned into three groups of reflective reciprocal teaching (RRT), reciprocal teaching (RT), and control. Two tests, namely Oxford Quick Placement Test and Michigan English Language Assessment Battery, were used to measure EFL learners' proficiency level and reading comprehension ability in its quantitative phase. ANOVA was utilized to analyze the collected data. Also, during the next step, which aimed to explore the learners' perceptions of RRT instruction, semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data. The results indicated that the RRT group outperformed the control group regarding their reading comprehension ability; however, the RT instruction did not significantly impact this issue. Accordingly, thequalitative data analysis findingsindicated that self-regulated learning, perceived competence, metacognitive awareness, confidence, and intrinsic motivation were the significant results of the RRT instruction model, contributing to the learners' reading comprehension ability. پرونده مقاله

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375 - Lesson Plan Preparation and Implementation: Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions in Focus
Marjan Moiinvaziri Hafez Shatery

10.30495/jfl.2022.692622

A good lesson plan will most probably end up in effective teaching performance. Despite the positive role of planning lessons in the success of any teaching and learning experience, it has not been fully addressed in the Iranian EFL context, and many teachers consider i چکیده کامل

A good lesson plan will most probably end up in effective teaching performance. Despite the positive role of planning lessons in the success of any teaching and learning experience, it has not been fully addressed in the Iranian EFL context, and many teachers consider it an impractical or challenging performance. Hence, the present survey study aimed at investigating what EFL teachers conceived of lesson planning and implementation. Furthermore, the role of a series of demographic variables, namely, gender, teaching experience, and educational degree, were also considered. The study participants included 120 EFL teachers working at universities, schools, and language institutes of Sirjan, Iran. The instrument used for data collection was a closed-ended questionnaire developed by Ramaila and Ramnarain (2014). The results from descriptive as well as inferential statistics, including the independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and one-sample t-test, demonstrated the EFL teachers' moderate willingness toward lesson plans in general and its different aspects in particular. It was also revealed that the participants’ perceptions of lesson planning did not differ, considering their demographic features. Educational administrators and authorities can utilize the obtained outcomes of the present study to take sound measures in this regard leading to better achievement of all language learners and even all learners in general. پرونده مقاله

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376 - Supervisory Strategies in Core Reflection-driven Discussions for EFL Teachers’ Professional Development DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.3.9
Neda Ashraafi Mohammadreza Talebinejad Mohsen Shahrokhi

Forty general English teachers at the university level attended three supervisory sessions. The qualitative data were collected through a triangulation of various techniques, including: pre/post-supervision semi-structured interviews, classroom observation checklists, r چکیده کامل

Forty general English teachers at the university level attended three supervisory sessions. The qualitative data were collected through a triangulation of various techniques, including: pre/post-supervision semi-structured interviews, classroom observation checklists, reflective journals, field notes, and transcriptions of audio-recorded data from supervisory meetings. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes at each layer of the onion model. The Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference between teachers’ attitudes and strategies before and after the supervisory meetings. The results demonstrated that teachers experienced a process of growth with a developmental trajectory from the outer layers to the inner layers of the onion model fostering the core qualities of self-confidence, self-efficacy, self-awareness, and autonomy. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the supervisor played a significant role in teachers’ development by using supervisory strategies such as: empathetic listening and accepting the problems, empowerment by activating core qualities, giving attention to inner obstacles, giving balanced attention to cognition, emotion, and motivation, and help to get autonomy in core reflection. The findings support making deliberate efforts to establish regular supervisory practicum meetings as part of academic professional culture, and the core reflection approach as a valuable strategy. پرونده مقاله

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377 - Relationship between Burnout and Reflective Teaching among EFL Teachers
Neda Ghazalbash Akbar Afghari

Abstract During the course of the past few decades, teachers have increasingly become the center of attention in education, since their significant role in teaching contexts has been approved, and therefore their different aspects, such as reflective teaching and burnou چکیده کامل

Abstract During the course of the past few decades, teachers have increasingly become the center of attention in education, since their significant role in teaching contexts has been approved, and therefore their different aspects, such as reflective teaching and burnout have received great attention. This study investigated the relationship between teacher burnout, and reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, 50 participants (25 males and 25 females) were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were administered Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators’ Survey and Behzadpour Reflective Teaching Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results of the study revealed that there was a weak negative relationship between reflective teaching and burnout for male and female teachers and for both groups considered as a composite group of language teachers. پرونده مقاله

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378 - Towards a Reappraisal of Literary Competence within the Confines of ESL/EFL Classroom
Mohammad Mahdi Sharifi Mohammad Reza Talebinejad Mansour Koosha Akbar Afghari

The present paper aimed at highlighting the judicious incorporation of literary genres (i.e. novel, short story/fiction, drama, and poetry) as a supposedly inspiring teaching technique and an allegedly potent learning resource into ESL/EFL curricula. The rationale behin چکیده کامل

The present paper aimed at highlighting the judicious incorporation of literary genres (i.e. novel, short story/fiction, drama, and poetry) as a supposedly inspiring teaching technique and an allegedly potent learning resource into ESL/EFL curricula. The rationale behind this pedagogical inclusion is to promote both teaching and learning effectiveness through capitalizing intensively on the genres so as to teach basic language skills and language areas- macro and micro levels. Much mention was made of the 'why' (i.e. justification and benefits), the 'how' (i.e. logistical considerations), the 'where' and the 'when' (i.e. spatiotemporal factors) aspects of introducing literary texts into the confines of the ESL/EFL classroom. What this vigorous discussion spawned was some detailed accounts of literary competence as an overarching term consisting of morphological, lexical, phonological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, discourse, stylistic, and sociolinguistic / sociocultural knowledge bases . Afterwards, evaluation process as the last but most important element of the teaching-learning process was explicated. In the end, seven solutions to the problems and dangers of using culture transmitters in the ESL/EFL classroom were suggested in an attempt to bring literature and ESL/EFL pedagogy into a happy contact leading to teaching and learning effectiveness maximization. پرونده مقاله

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379 - Interrelationships of Willingness to Speak and Cultural Identity with English L2 Speaking Proficiency
Ghazaleh Azimzadeh Khosravi Ma‘ssoumeh Bemani Naeini

Regarding the belief that willingness to communicate is strongly tied with developing some insights into the L2 culture, such a connection may not be always positive and the issue of cultural attachment and identity may sometimes function as a hindrance. Individuals are چکیده کامل

Regarding the belief that willingness to communicate is strongly tied with developing some insights into the L2 culture, such a connection may not be always positive and the issue of cultural attachment and identity may sometimes function as a hindrance. Individuals are believed to be highly emotional in terms of “religion and spirituality", among other components of cultural identity. This study aimed at investigating the interrelationships of willingness to speak and cultural identity with English speaking proficiency. To this aim, 215 Iranian intermediate and upper intermediate EFL learners took part in this survey study to complete the Home Culture Attachment Scale and the Revised Version of Willingness to Communicate questionnaire. Using SEM, path analysis showed the degree to which the variables were related to one another. Also, Pearson Correlation was used for verification. The findings revealed positive significant relationships between all subscales of Home culture Attachment and both speaking and willingness to speak, except for the element of religious attachment. Further, willingness to speak was positively and significantly correlated with speaking skill. Having found a rather negative influence of religious attachment, it may be concluded that religion, as a cultural barrier, may hinder the process of L2 learning. پرونده مقاله

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380 - The Effect of Burnout on Teaching Performance of Male and Female EFL Teachers in L2 Context
Hamideh Shamsafrouz Hamidreza Haghverdi

Abstract The male-female differences in burnout and its possible effect on EFL teachers’ performance has not received much attention in the literature of burnout. To address this issue, the researchers conducted this study to investigate the effect of burnout and, چکیده کامل

Abstract The male-female differences in burnout and its possible effect on EFL teachers’ performance has not received much attention in the literature of burnout. To address this issue, the researchers conducted this study to investigate the effect of burnout and, more specifically, its three subcomponents–Emotional, Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA)–on the teaching performance of male and female EFL teachers in an L2 teaching/learning context. The participants of this study were 30 (15 males and 15 females) English teachers of five private language institutes and 150 students of the same teachers. The data were collected through the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) and Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis, independent-samples t test and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis process. The results showed that burnout does not influence the teachers’ performance in a significant way. Additionally, it was revealed that there was no significant difference between the levels of burnout in male and female teachers. The findings challenge the common belief that burnout can greatly affect the teachers’ performance and that female teachers are more likely to experience burnout than male teachers, revealing instead that burnout does not significantly affect the performance of teachers and there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in their levels of burnout. پرونده مقاله

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381 - The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Anxiety and Writing Complexity
Fariba Mohebbi Maryam Azarnoosh Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi Rokni

Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between EFL learners’ anxiety and writing complexity. For the purpose of the study, 70 female learners, between 17 and 24 years old (mean=20) from Najm language school in Tehran participated چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between EFL learners’ anxiety and writing complexity. For the purpose of the study, 70 female learners, between 17 and 24 years old (mean=20) from Najm language school in Tehran participated in the study. The participants’ level of anxiety was measured using Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s Anxiety Questionnaire (1986) and their writing complexity was measured through writing a narrative text based on their course book. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and writing complexity (p=.00). In addition, the results of examining the predictability of writing complexity by anxiety showed that anxiety significantly predicted writing complexity (F(1, 68)=16.67, p<.01). The results of this study have implications for students, teachers, and all those involved in the area of teaching and learning. پرونده مقاله

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382 - Motivational Practice in High-Schools in Vietnam: EFL Teachers’ Strategies from Student Perspective
Van Loi Nguyen Nuong Nguyen Thi My

Despite abundant research on teachers’ motivational strategies worldwide, scant attention has been paid to this in Vietnam. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the high school EFL teachers’ use of motivational strategies reported by students and the چکیده کامل

Despite abundant research on teachers’ motivational strategies worldwide, scant attention has been paid to this in Vietnam. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the high school EFL teachers’ use of motivational strategies reported by students and their attitudes towards these motivational strategies. The participants consisted of 416 students taught by 30 EFL teachers from ten high schools of eight provinces in the Mekong Delta. A semi-opened questionnaire was employed to elicit students’ report on the motivational strategies employed by their English teachers, and their judgments about the value of these strategies. Findings of the study indicated that the teachers frequently used top motivational strategies as reported in previous research. Such strategies were also judged to be motivating by the students. However, noticeably, the students highly valued teacher recognition of their efforts and a harmonious behaviour and ascribed these practice to their increased motivation. Other strategies were also suggested by students that teachers should use. The implication is that cultural differences mediate students’ perceptions, and that the EFL teachers in the context should attend to fundamental strategies, and the ones preferred by students. پرونده مقاله

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383 - Planned Focus-on-form Instruction in Task-based Language Teaching: The case of EFL learners’ oral grammatical accuracy performance
Elham Parvaneh Reza Barzegar

This study investigated the effects of planned focus-on-form instruction (pFFI) on developing oral grammatical accuracy in Iranian English EFL learners. To this end, 60 lower-intermediate EFL learners studying English in a private English language institute in Tehran, I چکیده کامل

This study investigated the effects of planned focus-on-form instruction (pFFI) on developing oral grammatical accuracy in Iranian English EFL learners. To this end, 60 lower-intermediate EFL learners studying English in a private English language institute in Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned to two classes. Both classes received a task-based instruction on grammatical points elicited in oral production of English sentences with the only difference that one class, the experimental group (N=30) had a pFFI instruction (i.e., the target grammatical structures selected in advance), and the other class, the control group (N = 30), had a task-based instruction without any focus on planned grammatical structures. Learners’ oral performance was observed in their answers to pictorial cues in the pretest and posttest. The results of the study revealed that although both groups significantly improved in their oral performance in terms of grammatical accuracy, pFFI instruction was more effective on the experimental group since they significantly outperformed the control group. پرونده مقاله

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384 - Iranian TEFL Ph.D. Candidates’ Conception of Professional Identity Development in Doctoral Education DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.3.1
Armaghan Ghalehshahzari Esmail Faghih Massood Yazdani Moghaddam

10.52547/JFL.9.37.49

The present study investigated the TEFL Ph.D. candidates’ conception (TPCs) of professional identity development (PID) during doctoral program. To this end, under a mixed-method design, two instruments were used to collect data: a four-point Likert-scale researche چکیده کامل

The present study investigated the TEFL Ph.D. candidates’ conception (TPCs) of professional identity development (PID) during doctoral program. To this end, under a mixed-method design, two instruments were used to collect data: a four-point Likert-scale researcher-made questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. First, the questionnaire was mailed to 80 Iranian Ph.D. students selected through simple random sampling. Then, to yield an in-depth understanding of how they develop their professional identity, 10 participants with more than 10 years of teaching experience were asked to take part in the interview. The results obtained from the analysis of the elicited data indicated that majority of the participants believed that lack of practical professional development courses, lack of scholarship, lack of employer support, the high cost of Ph.D. opportunities, and trivial increase in job satisfaction and security were among the hurdles of to their professional identity development. Regarding the factors influencing some participants’ withdrawal from Ph.D. studies, the results revealed that feeling of isolation and lack of dissertation writing groups were the most significant reasons. The findings of the study can have some pedagogical implications for teacher education programs in that they can be used to emphasize their strengths, eliminate their weaknesses, and to provide stakeholders with ample opportunities to improve the quality of doctoral education. پرونده مقاله

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385 - Iranian Language School Managers’ Attitudes towards EFL Teacher Supervision
Shiva Azizpour Javad Gholami

Almost all language schools in Iran enforce teacher supervision with the purpose of promoting good teaching practices and higher standards of quality education. Despite its widespread practice, the body of research on language teacher supervision in Iranian EFL setting چکیده کامل

Almost all language schools in Iran enforce teacher supervision with the purpose of promoting good teaching practices and higher standards of quality education. Despite its widespread practice, the body of research on language teacher supervision in Iranian EFL setting is scant. The present qualitative study explored language school managers’ attitudes toward EFL teacher supervision in Iranian language schools. Based on a researcher-developed protocol, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven language school managers from Tehran and Karaj, Iran, whose managing experiences ranged from 5 to 18 years, with the purpose of identifying their attitudes, experiences, and challenges regarding supervision. The interviews drew upon emergent methodology to categorize the interviewees’ value-laden comments into five major attitudinal themes of becoming a supervisor, the requirements and responsibilities of a teacher-supervisor, evaluating a supervisor’s performance, challenges regarding teacher supervision, and supporting supervisors. The findings revealed that there are not any transparent criteria and rubrics for language school managers to draw upon to select teacher-supervisors, and supervisors are mostly selected based on their teaching potentials, experience, and merits. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that apart from observing classes and providing feedback, too many other responsibilities are assigned to supervisors in Iranian language schools. To improve the ongoing supervisory practices, the interviewees suggested the need for the development of transparent criteria and rubrics for supervisor selection. پرونده مقاله

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386 - A Comparison of Writing Performance on Independent and Integrated Writing Tasks
rahil sheibani Alireza Ahmadi

Researchers and scholars have been attracted by the idea of using integrated writing task along with independent writing task to best assess the EFL learners’ writing competence. This study was conducted to compare the writing performance of EFL students in integr چکیده کامل

Researchers and scholars have been attracted by the idea of using integrated writing task along with independent writing task to best assess the EFL learners’ writing competence. This study was conducted to compare the writing performance of EFL students in integrated and independent writing tasks. It also aimed to find out if writing performance varies with task types. A number of thirty Iranian EFL students participated in this study, and each student wrote on two writing tasks of IELTS Academic module. The written essays were rated by three experienced raters using IELTS rubrics. Paired sample t-tests revealed that test takers performances did not differ significantly across these two tasks. Besides, two one-way ANOVAs indicated the difference between the raters in rating integrated writing task while they were not performed differently in rating independent task. The results are followed by a number of suggestions with the aim of improving the EFL students’ performance in writing skill. پرونده مقاله

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387 - The Impact of Teaching Corpus-based Collocation on EFL Learners' Writing Ability
Shabnam Ashouri Davood Mashhadi Heidar

Abstract The present study explores the impact of corpus-based collocation instruction on intermediate Iranian EFL learners' writing ability. For this study, 84 Iranian learners, studying English as a foreign language in Bayan Institute, Iran, were selected and were ran چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study explores the impact of corpus-based collocation instruction on intermediate Iranian EFL learners' writing ability. For this study, 84 Iranian learners, studying English as a foreign language in Bayan Institute, Iran, were selected and were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. Conventional methods of writing instruction were taught to the control group while the experimental group received corpus-based collocation instruction in writing essays for 15 sessions. The design of the research was based on pre- and posttest method. The tests were employed to measure the writing fluency of the two groups. Test results were scrutinized to answer a major question for correlation between the participants’ variety of corpus-based collocations and their writing. The results illustrated that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of control and experimental groups in writing elements (p<0.05). Actually, lexical collocation instruction expanded the writing elements of vocabulary and mechanics rather than grammar and fluency in writing essays. The study findings indicated that there is a significantly positive correlation between the participants’ use of various lexical collocations and their writing proficiency. پرونده مقاله

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388 - The Impact of Class Presentation on EFL Learners’ Speaking Development
Masoumeh Toghroli Shahram Afraz

10.52547/JFL.9.39.57

Considering the great importance of speaking to EFL learners, teachers have tried to use different teaching techniques to help learners master this skill. One of these techniques is learner-based language teaching. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of چکیده کامل

Considering the great importance of speaking to EFL learners, teachers have tried to use different teaching techniques to help learners master this skill. One of these techniques is learner-based language teaching. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of using selected class presentation on the speaking development of EFL learners. To this purpose, a mixed-methods research was conducted, with both qualitative and quantitative data. The population of the study comprised 66 female EFL students of a language institute in Bandar Abbas. To homogenize them, Nelson Placement Test was administered and as a result, 50 students whose score were around the mean were selected as the pre-intermediate participants of the study. They were randomly assigned to two equal, experimental (EG) and control groups (CG). The experimental group was exposed to treatment by the teacher, while the control group was taught through traditional speaking method. A standard speaking test was used as both pre-test and post-test. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the participants’ scores in pre-test and post-test revealed that using selected class presentation in the class has considerable impact on the improvement of learners’ speaking performance. This finding shows that emphasizing on the role of the learners by involving them in suitable the speaking tasks can positivity affect their Oral language output. پرونده مقاله

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389 - From Importer of Knowledge to Researcher of the Self: Exploring the Utility of Collaborative Action Research in Distance Second Language Professional Development
Farzad Mashhadi Reza Biria Ahmadreza Lotfi

Teacher professional development, as a burgeoning term, has attracted a surge of interest in English language teaching. In second language (L2) professional development, the common orthodoxy has been one which considers teachers as that of knowledge consumers. It is com چکیده کامل

Teacher professional development, as a burgeoning term, has attracted a surge of interest in English language teaching. In second language (L2) professional development, the common orthodoxy has been one which considers teachers as that of knowledge consumers. It is commonly argued that top-down approaches to teachers’ professional development has done little to maximize teachers’ professionalism. To unravel the above-mentioned dilemma, this study was an attempt to implement collaborative action research, as a viable means, to boost teachers’ professional development in a networked community of shared knowledge. To this end, thirteen male and female Iranian English teachers, within the age range of 22-35, were selected through convenience sampling. The selected participants were added to a group in WhatsApp. The online classes began with plenary debate, mostly in the form of workshops through problematizing a particular topic, which were directly linked to teachers’ actual teaching experience. Insights into the EFL teachers’ professional development were acquired through the triangulation of data from four main sources (i.e., teachers’ professional journals, reflective journals, action research projects, and semi-structured interviews). The findings revealed that engaging EFL teachers in a collaborative dialogue in a networked community of shared knowledge ultimately culminated in development of action research projects which resulted in sustained L2 professional development, whereby participating teachers developed a broader understanding of research and adopted reflective inquiry in their L2 teaching practices. The findings have important implications for language teachers in general, and EFL teachers, syllabus designers, and material developers, in particular. پرونده مقاله

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390 - Male and Female EFL Learners’ Perception of Free Riding Tendency DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.5.1
Leila Ahmadpour Hassan Asadollahfam Davud Kuhi

Free riding behavior or not contributing equally in group work, is a common obstacle in many cooperative activities in language learning. The present study aimed at comparing male and female EFL learners' attitude and their free riding tendency to use the benefits of lo چکیده کامل

Free riding behavior or not contributing equally in group work, is a common obstacle in many cooperative activities in language learning. The present study aimed at comparing male and female EFL learners' attitude and their free riding tendency to use the benefits of lowering free riding behaviors in order to make group work more influential in language learning. To this purpose, 140 intermediate and upper intermediate Iranian EFL learners and 30 teachers participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to investigate the topic. The obtained results revealed that the female learners act better in reducing free riding behaviors. The results further revealed a positive perception of interpersonal activities at both level of language proficiency-- intermediate and upper-intermediate. Actually, the obtained results showed that the intermediate group (males and females) acted more positively than the other group in this respect. The findings of the study bear some implications and suggestions for scholar interested in the topic of this. پرونده مقاله

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391 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Attitudes towards Ministry of Education Top Model Teaching Festivals
Mohammad Nasimfar Javad Gholami Zhila Mohammadnia

10.30495/jfl.2022.689310

Teaching practices are believed to be a determining factor in educational systems. For over two decades, the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Iran has been organizing Top Model Teaching Festivals to address the changes required to promote English teachers' professional de چکیده کامل

Teaching practices are believed to be a determining factor in educational systems. For over two decades, the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Iran has been organizing Top Model Teaching Festivals to address the changes required to promote English teachers' professional development. Considering the high amounts of investment in such programs and their impacts on teaching and sustainable learning, this study probed into how the award-winning teachers critically view and evaluate the efficacy of such nationwide festivals. To this end, ten award-winning EFL teachers in the festivals were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol to qualitatively elicit their attitudes towards the program. The results obtained from the content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that such festivals have not adequately fulfilled their main objective, which is to improve the teaching quality and potential of teachers and promote their professional development. Thus, the study calls for a reassessment of the effectiveness of such programs to find alternative ways for empowering teachers. پرونده مقاله

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392 - Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Job Satisfaction, Job Burnout, and Reflective Thinking: Structural Equation Modeling
Ibrahim Safari

10.30495/jfl.2022.686536

This research intended to study the Potential relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction, job burnout, and reflective thinking. One-hundred and eighty-two teachers from different universities, and schools were requested to answer the the Minnesota چکیده کامل

This research intended to study the Potential relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction, job burnout, and reflective thinking. One-hundred and eighty-two teachers from different universities, and schools were requested to answer the the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and reflective thinking scale as the main data collection instruments. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model of relations. The results represented, there were significant internal correlations between all the latent variables and their sub-scales. Multiple regression analysis showed that job satisfaction positively predicted reflective thinking, with job satisfaction exerting more predictive power in comparison with job burnout. Furthermore, job burnout weakly predicted reflective thinking, with job burnout exerting less predictive power in comparison with job satisfaction. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between job satisfaction and job burnout in which not only these two latent variables but also all their sub-scales were negatively related to each other. Pedagogical implications of the results have been discussed. پرونده مقاله

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393 - Investigating the Oral Performance of Demotivated and Motivated Iranian Seminary EFL Learners
Ahmad Molavi

The concept of demotivation and removing possible barriers of learning has been researched and advocated throughout the ESL/EFL literature but it seems that it has not been well studied at least on Iranian seminary EFL learners. As such, this study aimed at investigatin چکیده کامل

The concept of demotivation and removing possible barriers of learning has been researched and advocated throughout the ESL/EFL literature but it seems that it has not been well studied at least on Iranian seminary EFL learners. As such, this study aimed at investigating the effect of demotivation on oral performance of Iranian EFL seminary learners and finding possible demotivating factors which may affect it. The participants were 50 male intermediate EFL learners studying at Islamic Propagation Office, Isfahan, Iran, selected based on their performance on the Oxford Placement test. A pretest-posttest design oral performance exam was used. The participants were divided into two groups of motivated and demotivated group based on the motivational questionnaire (Celce-Murcia, Brinton, & Goodwin, (1996). The collected data included: (1) the results of the motivational questionnaire, (2) the results of the oral tasks (used as pre and post tests) and (3) responses to a semi-structured interview regarding the possible demotivating factors which may influence participants' oral performance. The independent sample t-test and paired samples t-test were used to determine whether there were significant inter and intra-group differences. The results provide evidence that motivation helps enhance EFL seminary learners’ oral performance and demotivation significantly hinders improving it. پرونده مقاله

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394 - Test-taking Strategies Used by Successful Iranian Male and Female University Entrance Exam EFL Applicants
Atefeh Molavi Mahmoud Mehrabi Omid Tabatabaei

This study aimed at identifying the most frequent test-taking strategies used by successful Iranian male and female university entrance exam EFL applicants. To this end, 150 English major male and female freshman students who got admission to three reputable state unive چکیده کامل

This study aimed at identifying the most frequent test-taking strategies used by successful Iranian male and female university entrance exam EFL applicants. To this end, 150 English major male and female freshman students who got admission to three reputable state universities of Isfahan, Shiraz, and Tehran were selected conveniently and purposively. The model used in this study was developed by Barati (2005) consisting of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and test-wiseness strategies. After selecting the participants, the modified questionnaire developed based on Barati’s test-taking strategy taxonomy was distributed among the participants. Based on the analysis of results, it was revealed that the EFL learners made frequent use of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and test-wiseness strategies, but only the level of use of planning and monitoring strategies reached statistical significance. Moreover, male and female EFL learners were only significantly different in their use of evaluation strategies, but in terms of using planning, monitoring, and test-wiseness strategies, males and females were not significantly different from one another. The findings of the study bear useful implications for EFL learners, teachers, materials designers, and test constructors. پرونده مقاله

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395 - An Exploratory Study of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Agency: Conceptions and Practices
Fatemehe Soghra Kordabadi nader assadi Aidinlu Haniyeh Davatgari Asl

The need for a strong educational system is felt more than ever due to globalization. In this respect, teacher agency has an important role in educational change. This qualitative meta-study, therefore, addressed the attitude of the teachers towards agency and the way t چکیده کامل

The need for a strong educational system is felt more than ever due to globalization. In this respect, teacher agency has an important role in educational change. This qualitative meta-study, therefore, addressed the attitude of the teachers towards agency and the way they enact agency to facilitate learning process. To this purpose, the needed data were gathered from the narrative of life, professional history and class observations of five English teachers in Iranian context. Then, based on the Grounded Theory Approach, the data were analyzed and the obtained results showed that teachers’ pre-teaching and during teaching processes were made up of complex relationships among different resources; that is, teachers’ life ideology (their perception towards themselves and their job) and financial status. At the same time, the results revealed that teachers’ instruction experiences highly affect both their magnification of agency and their decision-making processes. It was further seen that agency was not stable at all, meaning that social factors and environmental conditions played important roles in shaping teacher’s agency. پرونده مقاله

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396 - Pros and Cons of Dancing in the Dark: Enhancing EFL learners' oral proficiency in an unplugged learning community
Elahe Solimani Ahmad Ameri-Golestan Ahmadreza Lotfi

Recent thrust of research has focused on non-conventional classrooms for teaching to EFL learners. Amongst the newly developed models, Unplugged Classroom Model (UCM) is the most debated one as textbooks are aside and the syllabus is based on conversation-driven activit چکیده کامل

Recent thrust of research has focused on non-conventional classrooms for teaching to EFL learners. Amongst the newly developed models, Unplugged Classroom Model (UCM) is the most debated one as textbooks are aside and the syllabus is based on conversation-driven activities. This study sought to determine the pros and cons of unplugged teaching for enhancing EFL learners' oral proficiency. From a pool of 317 intermediate and upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners, 120 intermediate and upper-intermediate learners (60 each) were selected based on SPEAK NOW 1-4 Interview Placement Exam and were divided into conventional and non-conventional classrooms at each proficiency level. The participants in the non-conventional classrooms received unplugged instruction; whereas, their counterparts in the control group (conventional) classrooms were taught according to their textbook's instruction. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to measure learners' performances before and after instruction through paper-based exams and interviews. Participants' perspectives and viewpoints in the non-conventional classrooms were analyzed using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) questionnaire and the instructor's observations, respectively. The findings revealed that not only did the UCM participants enjoy collaborative learning but also enhanced their learning ability to produce more orally proficient utterances and to expand their gained knowledge in order to scaffold their classmates' conversation. پرونده مقاله

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397 - Integration of Serious Games in Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Iranian Children
Azizeh Chalak Behzad Ahmadi

Nowadays computers are increasingly being incorporated into school curriculums and serious games are occupying the educational games markets. This article addressed the integration of serious games as tools for learning and teaching English in Iranian schools to zero-be چکیده کامل

Nowadays computers are increasingly being incorporated into school curriculums and serious games are occupying the educational games markets. This article addressed the integration of serious games as tools for learning and teaching English in Iranian schools to zero-beginner students. An experiment was concluded using Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) to investigate the effectiveness of using serious games; namely, Mingoville English as an educational aid and also to examine parents, students and instructors’ attitudes towards using serious games. To this end, 60 female students were chosen and divided into two groups. The control group was taught in the conventional way and the experimental group received the educational aiding material Mingoville, a web-based serious game program, as the treatment. The results of the analyses revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group as the method of teaching was changed. The study also showed the willingness of children, their parents, and teachers toward using such games. It can be concluded that using serious games such as Mingoville can be regarded as an effective tool in teaching English to Iranian EFL children at schools and language institutes. The study can benefit teachers and heads of institutes to add serious games as aiding instructional materials to their English classes. پرونده مقاله

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398 - Problems Associated with the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Contexts and Possible Solutions
Mansour Koosha Masoume Yakhabi

If the target of foreign language teaching is to use the language, communicative language teaching (CLT) seems to be an ideal teaching model. The goal of teaching with this method is to use the language as a medium of communication (Adi, 2012).The application of the com چکیده کامل

If the target of foreign language teaching is to use the language, communicative language teaching (CLT) seems to be an ideal teaching model. The goal of teaching with this method is to use the language as a medium of communication (Adi, 2012).The application of the communicative approach in teaching English as a foreign language, however, is associated with some problems that can cause the method turn out not to be so much successful and the learning outcome not to be efficient enough. This paper mainly intended to evaluate the problems that may lead to the failure of communicative language teaching in EFL contexts and some possible solutions for such problems. Awareness of these problems and the possible remedies can be helpful for both EFL teachers and learners, providing them with insightful ideas about how to manage their teaching and learning activities for the successful implementation of this method. پرونده مقاله

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399 - The Effect of Blended Learning vs. Classroom Learning Techniques on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing
Shirin Ghahari Ahmad Ameri-Golestan

The present study was intended to investigate the impact of blended and classroom teaching methods on Iranian EFL learners’ writing. To this end, a group of 29 upper intermediate and advanced EFL learners were randomly placed in two groups: an experimental group, چکیده کامل

The present study was intended to investigate the impact of blended and classroom teaching methods on Iranian EFL learners’ writing. To this end, a group of 29 upper intermediate and advanced EFL learners were randomly placed in two groups: an experimental group, namely Blended Learning and a control group, namely Classroom Learning after taking part in a placement test. Participants of the Blended Learning group received traditional teaching methods of writing plus learning through the web. Participants of the Classroom Learning group, however, were taught based on the traditional teaching methods of writing and received the materials, instructions, and feedback merely through traditional methods. In order to collect the data, participants’ first piece of writing was regarded as the pretest and their last one was the posttest. The results of the independent-samples t-tests showed that participants of the Blended Learning group significantly outperformed the ones in the Classroom Learning group in their writing performances. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that employing a blended teaching method can create a more desirable condition to enhance the EFL learners’ writing performance and that doing research in this field can be a promising area for those interested. پرونده مقاله

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400 - Language Proficiency and Identity: Developing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Identity for Iranian EFL Learners
Amir Mirahmadi Kia Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo Shahram Afraz

This study was an endeavor to develop a model of identity among Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this end, a multiphase design was implemented. Initially, it attempted to investigate different factors of identity to propose and validate a model. Thus, 120 EFL learners s چکیده کامل

This study was an endeavor to develop a model of identity among Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this end, a multiphase design was implemented. Initially, it attempted to investigate different factors of identity to propose and validate a model. Thus, 120 EFL learners studying in different English language institutes in Iran were randomly selected, and 36 learners were interviewed about their views of their identity in the qualitative phase. After extracting six factors of identity, including: second language acquisition and social status, cultural attachment, Persian language adhesion, pronunciation posture, technology involvement, and language identity, and second language knowledge, a questionnaire was constructed which reflected these factors. Then, in the quantitative phase, the questionnaire went through an exploratory factor analysis for the sake of validity. After its validity and reliability were corroborated through a pilot study with 20 learners, it was distributed among 120 EFL learners. Besides, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was run to confirm that the final proposed model enjoyed validity for future research. To do so, the confirmatory factor analysis was run, and the model of identity was developed. Eventually, the possible relationship between 120 EFL learners’ identity and their English language achievement scores were examined, and the results of this phase indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between learners’ identity and their English language achievement scores. The findings of this study can enhance awareness among English teachers, materials developers, and syllabus designers to equip themselves with the updated techniques to handle the possible challenges that may occur in EFL learning contexts. پرونده مقاله

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401 - The Interplay Between Oral Communication Strategies and Willingness to Communicate in Impulsive and Reflective EFL Learners
Sepideh Salehi Mania Nosratinia

10.30495/jfl.2022.686581

This descriptive quantitative study scrutinized the relationship between impulsive and reflective EFL learners’ oral communication strategies (OCS) and willingness to communicate (WTC). To this end, 114 impulsive and reflective graduate-level EFL learners (67% fem چکیده کامل

This descriptive quantitative study scrutinized the relationship between impulsive and reflective EFL learners’ oral communication strategies (OCS) and willingness to communicate (WTC). To this end, 114 impulsive and reflective graduate-level EFL learners (67% female; 33% male), within the age range of 23 to 40, were selected employing convenience sampling. The data collection instruments were the impulsiveness sub-scale of Eysenck’s impulsivity inventory (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1978), the OCS inventory (Nakatani, 2006), and the WTC scale (McCroskey, 1992). Subsequent to checking and verifying the pertinent assumptions, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that there existed a positive yet insignificant correlation between impulsive EFL learners’ OCS and their WTC; however, a positive and significant correlation between reflective EFL learners’ OCS and their WTC was observed. In addition, the results of linear regression analyses and comparing the β values revealed that impulsive EFL learners’ OCS cannot significantly predict their WTC whereas reflective EFL learners’ OCS can significantly predict their WTC. In general, the obtained results confirmed that OCS can positively affect EFL learners’ WTC, although attention should be paid to learners’ impulsivity o reflectivity prior to planning the pedagogical practice. پرونده مقاله

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402 - IT System-based Instruction vs. Traditional Instruction of Teaching Reading Comprehension: A case of low-intermediate EFL learners
Parastoo Soroudi Davood Mashhadi Heidar

Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of IT system-based instruction vs. traditional instruction of teaching English on Iranian low-intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability in a smart school in Tonekabon, Mazandaran, I چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of IT system-based instruction vs. traditional instruction of teaching English on Iranian low-intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability in a smart school in Tonekabon, Mazandaran, Iran. To collect the data, 60 low-intermediate high school learners took part in the study. As to the homogeneity of the participants, they took Solution Placement Test (SPT). The participants were divided into one experimental group (i.e. receiving the treatment in terms of using smart tools) and one control group (i.e. receiving no treatment and being traditionally taught through white board). A reading comprehension test (pre-test) was given to examine the participants’ initial knowledge of reading comprehension. Similar to the pre-test, a reading comprehension test (post-test) was utilized to check the participants’ performance of reading comprehension and look into their probable progress as a result of receiving the treatment. Findings revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group after the treatment highlighting the success of instruction in enhancing the students’ reading comprehension ability. The results suggest the application of smart tools to promote interaction among the learners and assist them to freely express their thoughts in the e-learning environment. پرونده مقاله

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403 - An Insight into Professional Development Obstacles Facing Ethiopian Primary School EFL Teachers
Belilew Molla Gebre Haile Mariam Meles

This study was conducted to identify self-directed and external professional development obstacles facing primary school EFL teachers in Southern Zone of Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The participants of the study were 63 primary school EFL teachers, 10 school principals a چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to identify self-directed and external professional development obstacles facing primary school EFL teachers in Southern Zone of Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The participants of the study were 63 primary school EFL teachers, 10 school principals and 2 clusters of supervisors. School teachers were selected using random sampling technique whereas school principals and cluster supervisors were selected by using purposive sampling. To gather data for the study, questionnaires and semi-structured interview were used. The results of the study revealed that lack of interest, having dissatisfaction in their job, unattractive salary, lack of knowledge and skills in doing action research and misunderstanding of the concept of CPD and how to do it were the major self-directed obstacles of professional development activities. The study also revealed that in adequate in-service training, supervisors’ lack of knowledge, skills and expertise in teaching English as a foreign language, work load, and lack of support and recognition from stakeholders were the major external obstacles of professional development. پرونده مقاله

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404 - Relationship between Teaching Experience, Academic Qualifications and In-service Training Courses: The case of Iranian EFL teachers' use of critical thinking-based teaching strategies DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.6.4
Masoud Azizi Abarghoui Saeed Ketabi Mohsen Shahrokhi

10.52547/JFL.9.37.95

This study intended to investigate critical thinking-based teaching strategies EFL teachers of Iranian high schools integrate into their teaching. To this purpose, the inter-relationship between the teachers' frequency of use of critical thinking-based teaching strategi چکیده کامل

This study intended to investigate critical thinking-based teaching strategies EFL teachers of Iranian high schools integrate into their teaching. To this purpose, the inter-relationship between the teachers' frequency of use of critical thinking-based teaching strategies and their teaching experience, their attendance at critical thinking in-service training courses, and their higher university degree were explored through a survey questionnaire. To analyze the collected data, means, frequencies, standard deviations, percentages, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation coefficient, and five-point Likert scale were utilized. The obtained results showed that teaching experience was negatively correlated with the frequency of strategy use, and that no significant relationship was found between the frequency of strategy use and teachers’ higher university degree. The results further showed a significant relationship between the frequency of strategy use and critical thinking in-service training courses attended by teachers. The findings of this study imply that critical thinking should be reinforced in Iranian education system as well as in high school teaching schedule. پرونده مقاله

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405 - Collaborative Planned Form-focused Activities Vs Collaborative Incidental Form-focused Activities: Elementary EFL learners' grammar learning in focus
Mehrdad Eskandari Sedigheh Abbasnasab

Abstract This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary EFL learners. To this end, 58 adult male Iranian EFL learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institut چکیده کامل

Abstract This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary EFL learners. To this end, 58 adult male Iranian EFL learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. They formed the three groups of the study. The grammar section of Cambridge Michigan Placement test was used to ensure the homogeneity of the groups. Then, a grammar pre-test was administered to all groups to ensure that the participants were unfamiliar with the target grammatical items (irregular past tense of the verbs). At this stage, the treatment started and while one experimental group received collaborative planned form-focused activities, the other experimental group received collaborative incidental form-focused activities. The control group underwent regular classroom patterns and methods. After the treatment sessions, all the groups took a grammar post-test and their knowledge of the target irregular past tense was checked. Finally, SPSS software was used to run t-test. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the three groups regarding grammar learning, and that the group who experienced collaborative planned form-focused activities outperformed the other two groups. پرونده مقاله

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406 - Relationship between Creativity and Grammar Learning Strategy Use: A Case of Iranian Advanced EFL Learners
Sogand Baghaei Samira Baghaei

10.30495/jfl.2022.689317

Notwithstanding all of the advances in language learning strategy research, there are still some areas that strategy scholars have overlooked. The dearth of research into grammar learning strategies (GLS) may be the most egregious instance of this neglect. In order for چکیده کامل

Notwithstanding all of the advances in language learning strategy research, there are still some areas that strategy scholars have overlooked. The dearth of research into grammar learning strategies (GLS) may be the most egregious instance of this neglect. In order for this type of research to gain momentum, the present article reports on research that sought to identify whether there was any relationship between advanced EFL learners’ creativity and their grammar learning strategy use. It also sought to find if male and female advanced EFL learners were different in terms of grammar learning strategy use. To this end, 69 Iranian advanced EFL learners (30 males and 39 females) selected through convenience sampling participated in this study. Data were collected through Creativity and Grammar Learning Strategy Questionnaires. The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and the independent samples t-test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between Iranian advanced EFL learners’ creativity and their grammar learning strategy use. In addition, the findings demonstrated that female learners employed the grammar learning strategy more than male learners. Finally, pedagogical implications of the study for language teachers, learners, educational policymakers, and curriculum developers were presented. پرونده مقاله

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407 - Effect of Awareness of Teacher Education Philosophy on EFL Teachers’ Professional Skill: A Post-method Perspectivization
Ghasemali Azadi Akbar Afghari Bahram Hadian

Teacher education philosophy plays an important role in enhancing the teachers’ awareness of the practices particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study meant to observe the possible effect of the awareness of teacher education phi چکیده کامل

Teacher education philosophy plays an important role in enhancing the teachers’ awareness of the practices particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study meant to observe the possible effect of the awareness of teacher education philosophy on EFL teachers’ professional skill in the light of Kumaravadivelu’s postmethod parameters, tapping teachers’ gender, academic qualification, teaching experience, and age. Through a mixed-method approach employing the posttest-only equivalent-groups design, 60 EFL teachers from four language institutes in Isfahan, Iran, were randomly appointed to experimental and control groups. The philosophy of adult education inventory for treatment of experimental group and a book for placebo of control group were used. A questionnaire, an interview, and classroom observation checklist were tools for data collection. T-test, ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney tests exposed a significant difference between EFL teachers’ awareness of teacher education philosophy and their professional skill. Female teachers, bachelor holders, the most experienced teachers, and teachers in the third age range showed better perception of the teacher education philosophy. The implications derive education policy-makers to demarcate quality resources, teacher educators to modify training approaches, and EFL teachers to develop their professional related presentations. پرونده مقاله

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408 - Induction of Emotions from TOEFL iBT Reading Tests as a Construct-irrelevant Factor and its Interference with Emotional Intelligence
Yaser Kheyrkhahnia Behzad Ghonsooly Javad Salehi Fadardi

Cognitive appraisal of individuals directs to the creation of an emotional response, which is related to emotional intelligence. The present study shows the presence of induced emotions as an unrelated factor on the construct of a TOEFL iBT reading test which can interp چکیده کامل

Cognitive appraisal of individuals directs to the creation of an emotional response, which is related to emotional intelligence. The present study shows the presence of induced emotions as an unrelated factor on the construct of a TOEFL iBT reading test which can interplay with emotional intelligence for regulating the induced emotions towards reading passages. The present participants were 393 Iranian EFL TOEFL iBT candidates. The present researchers detected induced emotions based on PANAS before and after reading the three selected passages of a TOEFL iBT reading section. Also, emotional intelligence was detected by Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test after reading the selected passages. Our results confirmed this hypothesis statistically by reporting that induced emotion from the passages of the selected TOEFL iBT test has a significant effect on emotional intelligence. This study found that if test developers provide a condition for test-takers to activate their emotional intelligence, they might control the induced emotion as the construct-irrelevant variable during reading. پرونده مقاله

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409 - Effect of Telegram Application on Iranian Advanced EFL Learners' Vocabulary Knowledge and Attitude
Roya Zarei Laya Heidari Darani Ahmad Ameri-Golestan

The study intended to examine the effects of Telegram on Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary knowledge and the attitude of them towards vocabulary learning. To this end, a group of 100 Iranian advanced EFL learners participated in an experimental design project. The partic چکیده کامل

The study intended to examine the effects of Telegram on Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary knowledge and the attitude of them towards vocabulary learning. To this end, a group of 100 Iranian advanced EFL learners participated in an experimental design project. The participants were selected after they took the Oxford Quick Placement Test and they were divided into experimental and control groups. The participants of both groups had a three-week vocabulary instruction. The treatment was similar for both groups except for exercises done after the class. The participants in the experimental group were asked to fill out an attitudinal questionnaire after the treatment. Then, a vocabulary test was administered among the participants of both groups. Results of the independent-samples t-test run on the collected data indicated that participants of the experimental group outperformed those of the control group. The findings of the attitudinal questionnaire showed that the participants had positive attitude toward using Telegram. The conclusion drawn is that those in the experimental group were free in using the online group to interact with each other. Within this framework, learners in the experimental group indicated that they enjoyed this instruction as it was fun to embark on new technological learning methods پرونده مقاله

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410 - Functions of Code-Switching Strategies among Iranian EFL Learners and Their Speaking Ability Improvement through Code-Switching
Mahsa Shanehsazzadeh Laya Heidari Darani

This study investigated the impact of code-switching on speaking ability of Iranian low proficiency EFL learners. Moreover, it was an attempt to show what functions existed behind code-switching strategies used by the EFL learners. To this end, 60 male and female Irania چکیده کامل

This study investigated the impact of code-switching on speaking ability of Iranian low proficiency EFL learners. Moreover, it was an attempt to show what functions existed behind code-switching strategies used by the EFL learners. To this end, 60 male and female Iranian EFL learners age-ranged between 20 and 30 participated in the study. Data collection instruments which were used were the Interchange Objective Placement Test, a pretest, a teaching material, and a posttest. The speech of 60 Iranian EFL learners was recorded while they were performing some picture-description tasks. Then, their speech was transcribed and analyzed. The collected data were subjected to independent-samples t-test. The results indicated the two main functions of code-switching were equivalence and floor-holding. Furthermore, the findings of the t-test demonstrated that code-switching was an effective strategy among low proficiency level EFL learners and it could increase their motivation and interaction in the class discussions. Thus, they can speak in a positive environment and speaking is not an inhibitory factor anymore in their English learning. پرونده مقاله

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411 - The Effect of Metacognitive Instruction through Dialogic Interaction on the Reading Comprehension Performance and the Metacognitive Awareness of Iranian EFL Learners
Hamed barjesteh Freshteh Jafari

The purpose of this study was to probe the effect of metacognitive strategy instruction through dialogic interaction on the reading comprehension performance and metacognitive awareness of Iranian EFL learners. The data were collected through the Survey of Reading Strat چکیده کامل

The purpose of this study was to probe the effect of metacognitive strategy instruction through dialogic interaction on the reading comprehension performance and metacognitive awareness of Iranian EFL learners. The data were collected through the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) and a reading test to examine changes in metacognitive awareness and reading performance before and after the intervention. The participants were 60 intermediate EFL learners in two groups. The experimental group (n = 30) went through an intervention program in which the learners were taught metacognitive strategy instruction through dialogic interaction for ten sessions. The control group (n=30) went through a conventional reading instruction program and covered the same materials without receiving metacognitive instruction. The results revealed that metacognitive strategy instruction through dialogic interaction helped learners develop their reading ability and raise their metacognitive awareness. پرونده مقاله

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412 - The Potential Role of Tasks in Iranian Pre-university Textbooks
Sanaz Jafari saeed taki

The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course چکیده کامل

The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course book (Learning to Read English for Pre-University Students). To do this, 100 Iranian EFL teachers of pre-university grade were invited to participate in this study. They were asked to fill out a 5-point Likert scale checklist (adapted from Lawrence, 2011). The checklist was initially piloted on 20 EFL teachers in order to see to what extent the items were clear and comprehensible to the subjects of the study and to find out the internal consistency or reliability of the items. The results of statistical analyses indicated that teachers tended to agree on the point that tasks have significant capability in engaging learners in communicative language use or task-based language learning. The vast majority of the teachers expressed that using tasks in textbook can improve learner-centered instruction. The evaluation of the textbook showed the contents are corresponded to their objectives. پرونده مقاله

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413 - Effects of Critical Pedagogy on Iranian Upper-intermediate EFL Learners’ Writing Quantity and Quality
Zhila Zabihi Ahmad Ameri-Golestan

Critical pedagogy is regarded as an exhaustive system of learning through which learners' critical consciousness, self-regulation and autonomy, individuality, and learning achievements are promoted. Therefore, 60 Iranian upper- intermediate EFL learners (both male and f چکیده کامل

Critical pedagogy is regarded as an exhaustive system of learning through which learners' critical consciousness, self-regulation and autonomy, individuality, and learning achievements are promoted. Therefore, 60 Iranian upper- intermediate EFL learners (both male and female) from among 75 students based on their OPT test scores were selected. These participants were divided into a control group (N = 30) and an experimental group (N = 30). In order to ascertain that the students in the two groups were homogeneous in terms of writing quantity, the writing pretest was administered. The control group (CG) received the traditional writing instructions, whereas the experimental group (EG), who was taught writing instructions as guideline, received critical pedagogy. After the treatment, the writing posttest was also constructed. The scores of the students on the placement test, writing pretest, and posttest of the two groups were analyzed using SPSS 20. In addition, an independent-sample t- test and a one-way ANCOVA were used to compare the CG and EG learners' writing quantity and quality on the posttest scores. The data obtained from the study indicated that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group counterparts. Implications for EFL teachers include drawing the attention to the importance and usefulness of critical pedagogy in L2 teaching classes. پرونده مقاله

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414 - Life Satisfaction and Empathy in Iranian EFL Teachers: A correlational study
Roya Hassanpour Souderjani Laya Heidari Darani Nafiseh Hosseinpour

10.52547/JFL.9.38.109

This study intended to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ life satisfaction as well as their empathy levels. Furthermore, the relationship between Iranian EFL teacher’s life satisfaction and their empathy was investigated. To achieve these objectives, a group of چکیده کامل

This study intended to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ life satisfaction as well as their empathy levels. Furthermore, the relationship between Iranian EFL teacher’s life satisfaction and their empathy was investigated. To achieve these objectives, a group of 245 male and female Iranian EFL teachers with the age range of 20 to 55 years old participated. Data were collected through Life Satisfaction and Empathy Questionnaires. Results revealed that EFL teachers were satisfied with their life and were empathic teachers. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between these two variables. The main conclusion is that life satisfaction can have positive impacts on certain aspects of life; hence, it is recommended that proper conditions be provided for the EFL teachers. Additionally, having empathy with students may create happiness in both students and the teacher. Such happiness can presumably make the student bear a positive perspective towards language learning, thereby making them more motivated to learn English. پرونده مقاله

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415 - Autonomous and Non-Autonomous EFL Learners’ Strategies and Practices
Neda Abdipoor Hamid Gholami

Abstract The present study aimed at discovering the practices and strategies autonomous EFL learners pursue in their endeavor to master English. It thus set out in the Iranian context, with 60 EFL learners, both autonomous and non-autonomous, as participants. The gather چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study aimed at discovering the practices and strategies autonomous EFL learners pursue in their endeavor to master English. It thus set out in the Iranian context, with 60 EFL learners, both autonomous and non-autonomous, as participants. The gathered data through a questionnaire and an interview were subjected to content and descriptive analysis. The results showed that both autonomous and non-autonomous learners preferred to apply receptive activities rather than productive ones. However, autonomous learners practiced more productive activities such as composing emails, writing articles, chatting with native speakers and their friends, as compared with non-autonomous learners. Regarding the use of strategies, autonomous learners used more metacognitive strategies, while non-autonomous learners preferred social strategies. پرونده مقاله

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416 - Investigating the Relationship among EFL Teachers’ Reflective Teaching, Reflective Thinking and Classroom Management
Bahareh Mahdavi Resketi

The present study is aimed at investigating the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective teaching, reflective thinking and classroom management ability. To this purpose, 102 male and female EFL teachers, aged between 25 and 40, with different academic b چکیده کامل

The present study is aimed at investigating the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective teaching, reflective thinking and classroom management ability. To this purpose, 102 male and female EFL teachers, aged between 25 and 40, with different academic background who were teaching at different levels, were chosen to fill in three questionnaires on reflective thinking, reflective teaching and classroom management. In this connection, the Spearman Rank-Order correlation was used as the analytical method to analyze the data and to come to the conclusion. The obtained result showed that there was a positive correlation between teachers’ reflective teaching and class management. A strong relationship was observed between reflective thinking and class management and there was also a positive correlation between teachers’ reflective thinking and reflective teaching. پرونده مقاله

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417 - Pragmalinguistic and Sociopragmatic Recognition of High and Low Level EFL Learners
Hossein Ahmadi Farid Ghaemi Parviz Birjandi

This study investigated the effects of English as foreign language (EFL) proficiency on what the authors of this study called pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic recognition of EFL learners. To elicit the data, the study used two types of pragmatic measures: a pragmalin چکیده کامل

This study investigated the effects of English as foreign language (EFL) proficiency on what the authors of this study called pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic recognition of EFL learners. To elicit the data, the study used two types of pragmatic measures: a pragmalinguistic recognition (PLR) test and a sociopragmatic recognition (SPR) test. Both tests were developed by the researchers of this study based on the distinction made by Leech (1983) between pragmalinguistics and sociopragmatics. Subsequent to the development of the tests, 80 Iranian EFL students were divided into two groups based on their EFL proficiency level: the low level group (n = 41) and the high level group (n = 39). Each participant group was tested on the two pragmatic measures. Pearson correlation results indicated construct differences between PLR and SPR of speech acts. Moreover, independent samples t-test results revealed that there were developmental differences in pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic recognition of speech acts by EFL learners. The findings offer insights to EFL teachers and testers regarding pragmatic instruction and assessment. پرونده مقاله

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418 - Exploring EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy, Reflective Thinking, and Job Satisfaction: Structural Equation Modeling
Ibrahim Safari Mehran Davaribina Iraj Khoshnevis

The increasing call for learning English as a foreign language has dramatically heightened the necessity to recruit effective English teachers. This is mainly because teachers have a key role in the success or otherwise of an educational program. Nevertheless, a compreh چکیده کامل

The increasing call for learning English as a foreign language has dramatically heightened the necessity to recruit effective English teachers. This is mainly because teachers have a key role in the success or otherwise of an educational program. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the related literature confirms the paucity of research studies on teacher characteristics which can influence their job satisfaction. The present research set out to investigate the association among EFL teachers’ self-efficacy, reflective thinking, and job satisfaction. Two-hundred and twelve Iranian EFL teachers from language institutes, schools, and universities participated in the study. They were asked to answer Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale, Reflective Thinking Scale and The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, as the main data collection instruments. The questionnaires were presented in three different ways: social networks, email, and in person. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized model of relationships. This model was confirmed following the application of the modification indices proposed by the software (Normal chi-square = 3.6; RMSEA =.03; RMR =.02; GFI =.93; AGFI =.90; NFI =.92; CFI =.93; IFI =.93). The results revealed that there were significant internal correlations between all the latent variables and their sub-scales. Moreover, results of multiple regression analysis represented that self-efficacy and reflective thinking positively predicted job satisfaction, with self-efficacy exerting more predictive power compared to reflective thinking. Pedagogical implications of the findings have been discussed. پرونده مقاله

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419 - Oral Communication Strategies Used by Iranian EFL Learners: Focus on Language Proficiency and Cultural Background
Maryam Shokrolahi Alireza Ahmadi

Oral Communication Strategies are conscious techniques that L2 interlocutors employ to overcome the communication breakdowns in the target language. Hence, they can help to promote the effectiveness of communication ability. However, it must be noted that many variables چکیده کامل

Oral Communication Strategies are conscious techniques that L2 interlocutors employ to overcome the communication breakdowns in the target language. Hence, they can help to promote the effectiveness of communication ability. However, it must be noted that many variables can influence the use of these strategies. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the role of language proficiency and cultural background variables on the use of oral communication strategies. After piloting the Oral Communication Strategy Inventory and Cultural Milieu and examining the reliability analysis as well as the construct validity, the questionnaires were administered to 320 participants majoring in the English language at B.A and M.A levels. Then, SPSS 18.0 computer program was used to analyze the collected data. Next, an interview was held to gain more information on the use of strategies by the Iranian EFL learners. The results of this inquiry revealed that there is no significant difference between learners at different language proficiency levels in terms of oral communication strategies use, while there is a significant difference between different cultural backgrounds in the use of OCSs. The findings of this research can be useful for developing the use of oral communication strategies among EFL learners, particularly with Persian and Turkish cultural backgrounds. پرونده مقاله

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420 - Validation of a Preliminary Model of Cultural Identity for Iranian Advanced EFL Learners: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Sharareh Ebrahimi Shahram Afraz Fazlolah Samimi

This study was an endeavor to develop a model of cultural identity among Iranian advanced EFL learners. To achieve this end, a multiphase design was implemented. Initially, it was attempted to investigate different factors of cultural identity to propose and validate a چکیده کامل

This study was an endeavor to develop a model of cultural identity among Iranian advanced EFL learners. To achieve this end, a multiphase design was implemented. Initially, it was attempted to investigate different factors of cultural identity to propose and validate a model. Thus, 20 EFL learners studying in Safir English language institute in Tehran were interviewed about their views of their cultural identity in the qualitative phase. After extracting four factors of cultural identity including: “religion, culture, nationality, and language”, a questionnaire was constructed which reflected these factors. Then, in the quantitative phase, the 30-item questionnaire went through an exploratory factor analysis for the sake of validity and after its validity and reliability were corroborated through a pilot study with 183 learners, it was distributed among 384 EFL learners. In addition, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was run through LISREL 8.8. to confirm that the final proposed model enjoyed validity for future research. To do so, a confirmatory factor analysis was run and the model of cultural identity was developed. Eventually, the possible relationship between 384 EFL learners’ cultural identity and their English language achievement scores was examined and the results of this phase indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between learners’ cultural identity and their English language achievement scores. The findings of this study can enhance awareness among English teachers, materials developers, and syllabus designers to equip themselves with the updated techniques to handle the possible challenges that may occur in EFL learning contexts. پرونده مقاله

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421 - Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers' Brain Dominance, Teaching Experience and their Teaching Style
Somayeh Mazaheri Mohammad Ali Ayatollahi

The present study sought to explore the relationship between Iranian EFL teachers' brain dominance, teaching experience and their teaching style. The study population consisted of all EFL teachers of high schools in Shiraz holding a B.A degree, with the sample consistin چکیده کامل

The present study sought to explore the relationship between Iranian EFL teachers' brain dominance, teaching experience and their teaching style. The study population consisted of all EFL teachers of high schools in Shiraz holding a B.A degree, with the sample consisting of 100 participants recruited through convenience sampling. The study employed a descriptive correlational design. To collect data, a 40 Item-Teaching Style Survey, a 15 Item- Brain Dominance Questionnaire, and a 14 Item-Teaching Experience Scale were used. The data was presented in mean, standard deviation, graphs, and tables. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between EFL teachers’ brain dominance, teaching experience and their teaching style. It was also found that EFL teachers’ brain dominance was a grater predictor of their teaching style than their teaching experience was. The results have several practical implications. The recommendations made include whole brain teaching and addressing the cognitive needs of EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله

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422 - Integrating Interactive Whiteboards in EFL Learners' Learning and Retention of Non-congruent Collocations
Reza Khakzadan Ma‘ssoumeh Bemani Naeini

Drawing on the assumptions of socio-cognitive linguistics, focusing on the effective role of interaction in terms of reducing the cognitive burden in the process of learning, this quasi-experimental study aimed at investigating the effect of the Interactive Whiteboard ( چکیده کامل

Drawing on the assumptions of socio-cognitive linguistics, focusing on the effective role of interaction in terms of reducing the cognitive burden in the process of learning, this quasi-experimental study aimed at investigating the effect of the Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) usage on the learning and retention of non-congruent collocations among 60 homogenized Iranian EFL learners, aged 18 to 24 years old. To this end, the sample selection procedure yielded two intact groups: the experimental group (N=30) who experienced learning collocations through the IWB and the control group (N=30) who learned them through the use of conventional board. The t-test results of the comparison between the two groups on both the immediate and delayed post-tests indicate that the experimental group outperformed the control group, suggesting the effectiveness of the IWB for the purpose of learning (Sig. value = 0.01; Eta squared = 0.10) and retention (Sig. value = 0.04; Eta squared = 0.06) of non-congruent collocations, thus providing support for the interactive function of instructional materials, such as IWB. The procedure and promising findings may provide insights for considering the integration of IWB into Iranian EFL learning settings. پرونده مقاله

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423 - The relationship between test-taking strategies and Iranian EFL learners’ performance on reading comprehension tests
Maryam Bahardoost Alireza Ahmadi

Although most researchers have recently considered the role of test-taking strategies as one of the most vital factors in test taking process, it has been ignored by most EFL teachers in educational and academic settings including Iran. Because of the importance of test چکیده کامل

Although most researchers have recently considered the role of test-taking strategies as one of the most vital factors in test taking process, it has been ignored by most EFL teachers in educational and academic settings including Iran. Because of the importance of test-taking strategies in EFL learners’ performance in tests, this research was set out to examine what strategies Iranian EFL test takers employed in reading comprehension tests. Furthermore, the present paper aimed at finding any possible relationship between test-taking strategies and test takers’ performance on reading comprehension tests. Discovering the best predictors of EFL reading test performance among several categories of test-taking strategies was also investigated. To this end, 135 EFL students were chosen based on their availability. All of the students were female, majoring in different fields of study. Three kinds of materials including multiple-choice reading comprehension tests, a questionnaire, and interviews were utilized to investigate the research questions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Correlation, and stepwise regression. The results showed a significant, positive, but low correlation between the students’ total reading score and planning and also monitoring strategies. Furthermore, planning strategy proved to be a predictor of English reading comprehension test. پرونده مقاله

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424 - A Study of Exploratory Factor Analytic Model: Identifying Optimal Number of Factors Affecting Reflection-for-action Scale
Nazanin Forghani Mohammad Bavali Ehsan Hadipour Fard

10.30495/jfl.2022.689353

This study aimed at developing and designing a new model and instrument to explore attitudes of Iranian EFL Teachers towards reflection-for-action through their teaching. In so doing, the researchers followed several rigorous steps including extensive literature review, چکیده کامل

This study aimed at developing and designing a new model and instrument to explore attitudes of Iranian EFL Teachers towards reflection-for-action through their teaching. In so doing, the researchers followed several rigorous steps including extensive literature review, content selection, item generation, designing the rating scales and personal information part, item revision, and detecting factor structure. An initial draft of the questionnaire consisting of ten dimensions along with 49 items, investigating teachers’ attitudes towards the components of reflection-for-action scale based on the literature and interview with a panel of experts. Then, it was distributed to a group of 150 Iranian EFL teachers to refine it more. Finally, Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the obtained data revealed that the questionnaire consisted of a seven-factor structure including Academic Qualification as the (first factor), Experience (second factor), Professional Development (third factor), Collaboration (fourth factor), Perception (fifth factor), Efficacy (sixth factor), Motivation (seventh factor). پرونده مقاله

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425 - On the Development of a Model of Cultural Identity and Language Achievement among Iranian Advanced EFL Learners
Sharareh Ebrahimi Shahram Afraz Fazlolah Samimi

Culture is an inseparable part of a language. In other words, mastering a language and being able to communicate through it inevitably entails integrating with the culture of the speakers of that language which is the reflection of people's identity. The aim of the pres چکیده کامل

Culture is an inseparable part of a language. In other words, mastering a language and being able to communicate through it inevitably entails integrating with the culture of the speakers of that language which is the reflection of people's identity. The aim of the present study was designing a model of Iranian cultural identity. Initially, to select a homogeneous sample of learners at the advanced level, 300 language learners at the advanced level took TOEFL and 180 learners were chosen as the participants of the study. The cultural identity model was designed by the use of interviews and literature review to come up with main components of cultural identity. Afterwards, participants were interviewed about their identity and four components comprising Iranian cultural identity were identified. The results of the factors analysis showed that raw data converged to a pattern with four components which fit the hypothesized model of cultural identity. Then, the cultural identity questionnaire was given to participants. The results of statistical analyses indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between cultural identity and language achievement of the participants. پرونده مقاله

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426 - Online Teacher Quality and TPACK Framework of Knowledge: EFL Pre-service Teachers' Views DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.8.6
Mina Basirat Mahboubeh Taghizadeh

10.52547/JFL.9.37.125

This study aimed at examining prospective EFL teachers' views about quality of online English language teaching and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and the related skills. To this end, the viewpoints of 100 graduate students of TEFL (M = 23, F = 77) چکیده کامل

This study aimed at examining prospective EFL teachers' views about quality of online English language teaching and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and the related skills. To this end, the viewpoints of 100 graduate students of TEFL (M = 23, F = 77) at Iran University of Science and Technology were investigated via administering two questionnaires, namely online teacher quality and frames of knowledge and skills, along with two-open ended questions to gain more insight into online teacher quality and their knowledge frames. Internet-based survey method was employed to administer the questionnaires and collect the required data. The quantitative and qualitative data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. With regard to online teacher quality, the results revealed that pre-service teachers agreed that an online teacher should be an organized mediator, communicator, and problem solver as well as being highly passionate, energetic, and competent in teaching. The results also indicated that having content and pedagogical knowledge, clearly organizing and structuring content, time management skills, using appropriate resources, and providing feedback and multiple opportunities for communication were the most significant knowledge types required of an online language teacher. Considering online teaching skills, effective online communication skills, effective content delivery, technological skills, and effective evaluation and assessment were the most frequent skills suggested for online language teachers. The findings of this study could give more insights into designing knowledge-based and skills-based professional development programs for prospective teachers to enhance the quality of their online teaching. پرونده مقاله

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427 - Task-Based Language Teaching Vs. Conventional Language Teaching: The Case of News Story Writing in EFL Context
Negar Nowroozzadeh Abbas Bayat Abbas Mehrpooya

10.30495/jfl.2022.686659

This study aimed to investigate the effect of task-based language teaching on news-story writing in Iranian EFL context. To this end, a quasi-experimental, pre- and post-evaluation research design was employed. First, 78 Iranian BA sophomores majoring in translation at چکیده کامل

This study aimed to investigate the effect of task-based language teaching on news-story writing in Iranian EFL context. To this end, a quasi-experimental, pre- and post-evaluation research design was employed. First, 78 Iranian BA sophomores majoring in translation at Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, were selected through convenient sampling as the participants of the study. They were then randomly divided into two treatment and control groups--task-based group (TB) and conventional teaching group (TC) respectively. Both groups were initially given a test on news story writing to measure their writing ability at the pre-treatment stage. Then, the control group was taught through explanations abstracted from some deductive plans and reading-oriented method of teaching news story structure. The other group was exposed to a six-weak TB treatment based on Willis’ TBL framework. The post-treatment researcher-made test was then administered to compare the participants’ writing progress. The obtained statistical results showed that the employment of the task-based language learning scenario does not lead to an overall significant improvement of Iranian EFL learners’ performance in news-story writing as compared with the conventional teaching of the same skill. This is perhaps due to learners’ negative attitude towards TBLT, which originates from the inconsistency of TBLT with the educational philosophy in Iran. Therefore, TBLT programs may need to be modified on the basis of the local and traditional specifications of the education in the target community to be able to develop the learners’ news-story writing skill. پرونده مقاله

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428 - Predictive Power of Involvement Load Hypothesis and Technique Feature Analysis across L2 Vocabulary Learning Tasks
Nahid Chaharlang Mohammad Taghi Farvardin

Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH) and Technique Feature Analysis (TFA) are two frameworks which operationalize depth of processing of a vocabulary learning task. However, there is dearth of research comparing the predictive power of the ILH and the TFA across second lan چکیده کامل

Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH) and Technique Feature Analysis (TFA) are two frameworks which operationalize depth of processing of a vocabulary learning task. However, there is dearth of research comparing the predictive power of the ILH and the TFA across second language (L2) vocabulary learning tasks. The present study, therefore, aimed to examine this issue across four vocabulary learning tasks (i.e., reading with glosses, keyword techniques, word card, and reading and finding the words in text) ranked differently by the ILH and the TFA. To this end, 80 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners were randomly assigned to one of four tasks of learning 16 target words. The results of one-way ANOVA, LSD Post hoc tests, and multiple regression analyses showed that the TFA had a better explanatory power than the ILH in predicting vocabulary learning gains. The findings highlight the TFA as a more powerful framework. پرونده مقاله

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429 - Investigating the Process of Collaborative Reading among Young Iranian EFL Learners DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.10.6
Mania Koohafkan Faramarz Azizmalayeri Hossein Ahmadi

This study aimed to investigate collaborative reading in reading sessions among young Iranian EFL learners. It actually was an attempt to examine the process and components of collaborative reading which are expected to improve young learners’ reading ability in t چکیده کامل

This study aimed to investigate collaborative reading in reading sessions among young Iranian EFL learners. It actually was an attempt to examine the process and components of collaborative reading which are expected to improve young learners’ reading ability in the English language. To this purpose, a group of second year Iranian EFL young learners at a primary school in Tehran together with their teachers participated in the study. The young learners were around eight years old. The duration of the study was 12 weeks. Since the study was qualitative in nature, teachers’ reflective journals, a number of observations and face-to-face interviews with teachers were used as instruments to collect the needed data. The analysis of the qualitatively-elicited data presented a in so far as reading processes and reading comprehension enhancement through collaborative deeper understanding of the importance of the process and components of collaborative reading. In fact, the findings revealed that collaborative reading promote young EFL learners’ reading performance. Thus, the study has practical implications for both teachers and young EFL learners reading in terms of reading performance enhancement. پرونده مقاله

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430 - Students’ Perceived Classroom Climate and Their Achievement Goal Orientations in an Iranian EFL Context
Saeedeh Mohammadi Mohammad Aliakbari

Classroom climate has been demonstrated to associate with individuals’ various attributes and outcomes. Recent research has also confirmed students’ goal orientations deserving to be recognized as a significant achievement-related outcome. In this line, the چکیده کامل

Classroom climate has been demonstrated to associate with individuals’ various attributes and outcomes. Recent research has also confirmed students’ goal orientations deserving to be recognized as a significant achievement-related outcome. In this line, the current study intended to examine the relationship between Iranian EFL students’ perceptions of their classroom environment and their achievement goal orientations. The study also aimed to see whether different genders held different perceptions concerning the main study variables. To accomplish this aim, 570 high school students were randomly recruited and the two scales of students’ perceived climate questionnaire (WIHIC) and achievement goal orientation questionnaire (AGQ) were applied. The results indicated that learners held distinct perceptions of classroom climate and different goal orientations with gender having a significant influence on some of their components. Furthermore, correlations were obtained among diverse factors of the study scales. The findings provide implications for understanding the EFL learners’ perceived classroom climate and their achievement goals and hence planning the learning environments taking into account the students' goal orientations and the significant role of gender. پرونده مقاله

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431 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Obstacles to Implementing Student-Centered Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study
Mohammad Hemmati Faramarz Aziz Malayeri

10.30495/jfl.2022.686698

Recent studies within the past four decades have confirmed the effectiveness of Student-Centered Learning (SCL) over Teacher-Centered Learning (TCL). Furthermore, the emergence of 21st-century learning skills and competencies necessitates education systems to change the چکیده کامل

Recent studies within the past four decades have confirmed the effectiveness of Student-Centered Learning (SCL) over Teacher-Centered Learning (TCL). Furthermore, the emergence of 21st-century learning skills and competencies necessitates education systems to change their previous practices and equip their students with these skills and competencies. However, implementing SCL has not gained considerable attention among education authorities and EFL teachers in Iranian high schools. This study aims to explore EFL teachers' understanding of SCL and their perceptions of the obstacles to implementing it in Kermanshah, Iran. To this end, the study employed a convergent mixed-methods design that combined 24-item questionnaire data with 9 structured interviews using the NVIVO Software Version10. The questionnaire analysis revealed that there is a wide gap between the participants’ perceptions of SCL and their practices in the classroom. Moreover, the analysis of the interviews led to extracting three main themes of institutional, teacher-student-parent, and socio-cultural obstacles that impede implementing SCL in EFL classes and indicate that TCL practices are still running. The results revealed that teachers hold general perceptions of SCL. However, due to some constraints, they adhere to the TCL. پرونده مقاله

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432 - Expert and Novice Iranian EFL Teachers’ Professional Knowledge at Iranian Language Institutes and Universities
Mahbubeh Yazdanpanah Rahman Sahragard

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and چکیده کامل

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and the results of a qualitative study carried out by Yazdanpanah and Sahragard (2017). This questionnaire was administered to the whole sample of the study who was 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different genders and educational contexts. The participants were selected conveniently as going through random sampling was not possible. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, six factors emerged under the main category of professional knowledge for Iranian EFL teachers. The findings of this study revealed that: (a) Iranian EFL expert teachers have higher levels of professional knowledge than Iranian EFL novice teachers (b) expert teachers have higher levels of knowledge about language and knowledge of language skills and components than novice teachers (c) expert and novice participants of this study are more or less similar in the modification they make in their teaching presentation, and d) there was not a significant difference between Iranian EFL expert teachers and Iranian EFL novice teachers due to knowledge of language teaching, knowledge of teaching methods and knowledge of language learning. پرونده مقاله

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433 - Reconceptualizing the Main Factors of Reflection-for-Action in an Iranian EFL Context
Nazanin Forghani Mohammad Bavali Ehsan Hadipour Fard

10.52547/JFL.9.38.143

Reflection is a key component of teacher development by which teachers can gain an understanding of the teaching knowledge, connect theory to practice and develop teaching skills. This study aimed to investigate the underlying structure of the items that make up ‘ چکیده کامل

Reflection is a key component of teacher development by which teachers can gain an understanding of the teaching knowledge, connect theory to practice and develop teaching skills. This study aimed to investigate the underlying structure of the items that make up ‘reflection-for-action’ in an Iranian EFL context. To present a framework for research and highlight the components of reflection-for-action, this study developed and validated a teacher reflection-for-action questionnaire. To this end, ten components were identified after undertaking a comprehensive review of the literature and conducting interviews with domain experts on Reflection. Then a draft version of the Reflection questionnaire, consisting of 49 items, was pilot tested with 200 teacher evaluators, who were working for various English language institutes and universities in Iran. The results, using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), led to a 38-item questionnaire with strong estimates of reliability and validity. The results also demonstrated that the questionnaire consisted of a seven-factor structure of collaboration, motivation, perception, experience, academic qualification, professional development, and efficacy. Consequently, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out with another 200 Iranian EFL teachers to check the fitness of the proposed model. The result of CFA indicated that the model enjoyed a satisfactory level of goodness of fit, showing that the seven-factor were not the result of random variance in the learners’ responses. Finally, statistical results are discussed and implications are provided. پرونده مقاله

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434 - Professional Identity Reflection of Iranian EFL Instructors in E-Teaching: Focus on Achievement Orientation Theory
Raziyeh Fallah Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabrizi

10.30495/jfl.2022.692665

While the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional iden چکیده کامل

While the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional identity reflection in the developing contexts of distance education. Thus, this study examined the possible association between Iranian EFL instructors' Professional Identity Reflection (PIR) and their use of Achievement Orientation Strategies (AOSs) in the dynamic setting of E-teaching. Besides, this study evaluated the prediction power of the AOSs in determining the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors. One hundred four male and female Iranian EFL instructors were selected based on convenience sampling to participate in this quantitative correlational research. Two instruments, including Measure of Teachers Achievement (MoTA) and Questionnaire of Professional Identity (QPI), were used to collect the required data on the online platform of Type form. The R software's correlation and multiple regression packages were utilized to analyze the gathered data. The results indicated a robust direct association between the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-teaching and their use of AOSs. Moreover, three out of four AOSs significantly predicted the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-Teaching. Furthermore, the mastery-approach strategy had the most predicting power among the other AOSs. This study provides practical interdisciplinary benefits for EFL teachers, EFL teacher trainers, and educational psychologists in training EFL teachers who are aware of how their views toward achieving specific academic goals in E-teaching influence their professional identity in E-teaching. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

435 - Investigating the Impacts of EFL Teachers' Age, Educational Background, Instructional Experience and Gender on Their Beliefs about Formative Assessment
Kamran Mehrgan Abdolmajid Hayati Seyyed Mohammad Alavi

Formative assessment is deemed the collaborative processes in which teachers and learners are engaged for the purpose of understanding the learners' learning and diagnosing their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, teachers' beliefs about formative assessment a چکیده کامل

Formative assessment is deemed the collaborative processes in which teachers and learners are engaged for the purpose of understanding the learners' learning and diagnosing their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, teachers' beliefs about formative assessment are paramount and might be influenced by a legion of variables such age, educational background, instructional experience, and gender. This study investigated the impacts of EFL teachers' age, educational background, instructional experience, and gender on their beliefs about formative assessment. To this aim, 100 male and 100 female EFL teachers from Ahvaz junior and senior high schools participated in the study. The participants were given the questionnaire of teachers' beliefs about formative assessment. The results regarding EFL teachers' age, educational background, and gender revealed no statistically significant influence on their beliefs about formative assessment. However, teachers' teaching experience had significant impacts on their beliefs about formative assessment. These findings can contribute to EFL authorities concerning assessment procedures in language learning and teaching. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

436 - Impact of Elementary Learners’ L1 in Consciousness-raising Tasks on Their L2 Writing Accuracy
Saeideh Fatahzade Sajad Shafiee Fariba Rahimi Esfahani

10.30495/jfl.2022.692666

While the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional iden چکیده کامل

While the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional identity reflection in the developing contexts of distance education. Thus, this study examined the possible association between Iranian EFL instructors' Professional Identity Reflection (PIR) and their use of Achievement Orientation Strategies (AOSs) in the dynamic setting of E-teaching. Besides, this study evaluated the prediction power of the AOSs in determining the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors. One hundred four male and female Iranian EFL instructors were selected based on convenience sampling to participate in this quantitative correlational research. Two instruments, including Measure of Teachers Achievement (MoTA) and Questionnaire of Professional Identity (QPI), were used to collect the required data on the online platform of Type form. The R software's correlation and multiple regression packages were utilized to analyze the gathered data. The results indicated a robust direct association between the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-teaching and their use of AOSs. Moreover, three out of four AOSs significantly predicted the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-Teaching. Furthermore, the mastery-approach strategy had the most predicting power among the other AOSs. This study provides practical interdisciplinary benefits for EFL teachers, EFL teacher trainers, and educational psychologists in training EFL teachers who are aware of how their views toward achieving specific academic goals in E-teaching influence their professional identity in E-teaching. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

437 - Effects of Form-focused, Meaning-focused, and Forms-focused Instruction on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Development of Collocations
Nasrin Dehghan Sayyed Omid Tabatabaei

The current study was an attempt to investigate the effect of performing Focus on Form (FoF), Focus on Meaning (FoM), and Focus on Forms (FoFs) instructions on the development of collocational knowledge among Iranian intermediate EFL learners, and to explore any signifi چکیده کامل

The current study was an attempt to investigate the effect of performing Focus on Form (FoF), Focus on Meaning (FoM), and Focus on Forms (FoFs) instructions on the development of collocational knowledge among Iranian intermediate EFL learners, and to explore any significant difference on the achievement of the participants' collocational knowledge among three groups. In so doing, 107 female intermediate EFL learners were selected for this research. They all took the Nelson proficiency test and 90 students who had gotten the higher scores were randomly divided into three groups of FoF, FoM, and FoFs. Before the treatment they were pretested and the results of the three groups did not have any significant difference, thus all of the learners were at the same level of knowledge. After the treatment, they were posttested and their scores in FoM group were considerably higher than the learner' scores in FoF and FoFs groups but the learners' scores in FoF and FoFs groups did not have any significant difference with each other. The findings of this study offer beneficial implications for EFL teachers, learners, and materials developers which are finally discussed. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

438 - Relationship between Intrapersonal Intelligence of Iranian EFL University Male and Female Learners and Their Grammar Ability
Nasrin Garavand Akbar Azizifar Habib Gowhary Shahram Welidi

This study aimed to discover the possible relationship between intrapersonal intelligence and grammatical ability of Iranian EFL male and female learners. To this purpose, 139 undergraduate English students (46 males and 93 females), with the age range of 22-32, were se چکیده کامل

This study aimed to discover the possible relationship between intrapersonal intelligence and grammatical ability of Iranian EFL male and female learners. To this purpose, 139 undergraduate English students (46 males and 93 females), with the age range of 22-32, were selected through a TOEFL test as the participants. To obtain the needed data, the instruments used were a 119-item Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire (MIDAS) to assess the participants’ intrapersonal intelligence, and a 30-item grammar TOEFL test to the measure their grammar ability. The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and linear regression. The difference between male and female students in grammar ability and intrapersonal intelligence was determined by independent samples t-test. The results indicated a statistically significance relationship between intrapersonal intelligence and English grammar ability scores. The results also revealed no significant difference between male and female students in terms of intrapersonal intelligence and English grammar ability. The findings of this study may assist language teachers, policy makers and curriculum designers to consider the role of intrapersonal intelligence as a helpful construct in learning English grammar. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

439 - Effort-reward Imbalance and Burnout among EFL Teachers in Iran
Mehdi Haseli Songhori Alireza Atashpanjeh Maryam Noori Sadegh

10.52547/JFL.9.38.175

Understanding the relationship between job stressors and burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher using the Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model in Iran is under-researched. Through a cross-sectional research design, the study aimed at investigating the چکیده کامل

Understanding the relationship between job stressors and burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher using the Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model in Iran is under-researched. Through a cross-sectional research design, the study aimed at investigating the EFL teachers’ burnout using the variables in ERI model. To this aim, 105 EFL teachers filled in ERI questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The quantitative data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to examine the relationship between variables in ERI model and burnout dimension. The results indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between effort and overcommitment and all three burnout dimensions but a negative relationship between reward subscale and depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The multiple regression analysis was also used to identify ERI subscales as predictors of burnout dimensions. The results revealed that ERI model variables had a moderate amount of variation in depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment and a small amount of variation in emotional exhaustion. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

440 - Impact of STAD model of Cooperative Learning on Iranian EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking and Motivation
Abolhassan Nazari Omid Tabatabaei Mohammad Ali Heidari Shahreza

10.52547/JFL.9.38.191

This study investigated the impact of cooperative learning on Iranian high schoolEFL learners’ critical thinking and motivation. To this end, 142 EFL students were selected based on their performance on the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), and divided into two چکیده کامل

This study investigated the impact of cooperative learning on Iranian high schoolEFL learners’ critical thinking and motivation. To this end, 142 EFL students were selected based on their performance on the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), and divided into two heterogeneous experimental groups (EG) receiving treatment through STAD model of cooperative learning, and two control groups (CG) without any treatment. To recognize the entry behaviors of the participants, pretests were run. Then, the same educational content was taught to both groups during an educational term. Furthermore, in order to disclose the effect of treatment, a critical thinking post-test similar to the pretest but in rearranged order in options and items, and a motivation post-test were administered at the end of the instruction. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the scores showed that cooperative learning has a significant effect on the critical thinking and motivation of the participants. The findings of the study are beneficial for EFL learners to improve their small group capabilities. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

441 - Effects of Receiving Corrective Feedback through Online Chats and Class Discussions on Iranian EFL Learners' Writing Quality
Sahar Farrahi Avval Hassan Asadollahfam Bahram Behin

Giving corrective feedback (CF) is an essential part of the teaching and learning process, and the way it should beneficially be done has been the focus of attention for numerous researchers especially when traditional ways of CF provision are not possible, particularly چکیده کامل

Giving corrective feedback (CF) is an essential part of the teaching and learning process, and the way it should beneficially be done has been the focus of attention for numerous researchers especially when traditional ways of CF provision are not possible, particularly in rare situations such as outbreaks of diseases. This study investigated how different ways of giving feedback; namely, through online chats and class discussions can help language learners in benefitting from their instructors’ CF provision. To this purpose, the effects of two ways of feedback provision were tested on the participants writing quality. Three hundred and seventeen Iranian EFL learners took a TOEFL test, 132 of them (53 males and 79 females) scoring between 477 and 510 were asked to deliver a 200-word writing task. Then, they were randomly put into 4 experimental and control groups to undergo different treatments, i.e. receiving CF through online chats and class discussions for 10 one-hour sessions. After the treatment, they were required to deliver another 200-word piece of writing. The results of statistical data analysis showed that the writing quality of the participants receiving CF through online chats was significantly higher than that of those who received CF through class discussions. The findings of this research have practical implications for Iranian educational system to update its instructional methods and for the nature of teaching and learning processes and practices. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

442 - Optimization of Stand-alone Hybrid PV/Wind/Fuel-Cell System ‎Considering Reliability Indices Using Cuckoo Optimization and Firefly ‎Algorithm
Mehdi Rezaei Mahmood Ghanbari

In this paper, a hybrid system based on wind turbines, solar arrays and fuel cells is designed optimally in the view of economical and technical aspects. The objective of the hybrid system optimization is to minimize the system net peresent cost(NPC) while considering t چکیده کامل

In this paper, a hybrid system based on wind turbines, solar arrays and fuel cells is designed optimally in the view of economical and technical aspects. The objective of the hybrid system optimization is to minimize the system net peresent cost(NPC) while considering the reliability as a constraint. The economical designing aspect is defined as equivalent loss factor (ELF) of reliability. The NPC consist of capital, operation and maintenance, replacement and, especially, loss of load costs. The data of load, solar radiation and definitive wind speed are from the North West of Iran. It is assumed that between the system components, i.e., wind turbine, photovoltaic array and inverter, there is a forced outage probability. The cuckoo optimization (COA) and firefly algorithms(FA) are applied to optimize the hybrid system components and the results are compared with the last studies. The results show that the COA method is superior to the FA and the last studies, with respect to the economical and technical aspects and convergence speed. They also show that complete consideration of the components availability and the availability of inverter increases the generation costs of the system, but improves the system reliability indices, too. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

443 - Appropriation-Based Syllabus and Speaking Ability: Evidence from Iranian EFL Context
Seyedeh Masoomeh Asaei Ramin Rahimy

The impetus for performing this study came from Thornbury's (2005) approach to teaching speaking in which he claimed that awareness-raising techniques and appropriation strategies facilitate the developing speaking skill. Accordingly, this study explored the impact of a چکیده کامل

The impetus for performing this study came from Thornbury's (2005) approach to teaching speaking in which he claimed that awareness-raising techniques and appropriation strategies facilitate the developing speaking skill. Accordingly, this study explored the impact of an appropriation-based syllabus to teaching speaking by using chunks-on-card activities based on quasi-experimental method. To do so, 30 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were selected from four classes in a language institute and the classes were randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental and a control group. To observe the effect of the treatment, the participants underwent pre- and post-tests on speaking skill. They participated in 14 treatment sessions in which the experimental group practiced the chunks-on-card approach through drilling while the control group practiced the conventional approach. The findings of the Independent-Samples T-test as well as the Paired Samples T-test revealed significant differences among the pre- and post-tests scores of both groups. Thus, the hypothesis of the study which postulated that the appropriation-based teaching of lexical chunks had a significant impact on these intermediate EFL learners’ speaking skills was confirmed. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

444 - Analyzing Iranian EFL Teachers’ Barriers for Professional Development
Fateme Jamalizade Neda Fatehi Rad

The present study tried to analyze Iranian EFL teachers’ barriers for Professional Development (PD). More specifically, the study analyzed the EFL teachers’ constraints and barriers in PD as well as the relationship between EFL teachers’ gender, level چکیده کامل

The present study tried to analyze Iranian EFL teachers’ barriers for Professional Development (PD). More specifically, the study analyzed the EFL teachers’ constraints and barriers in PD as well as the relationship between EFL teachers’ gender, level of education and teaching experience and their barriers in continuous professional development. In doing so, a total number of 41 EFL teachers of different language institute of Kerman were selected. The data were gathered through a related questionnaire which focused on EFL teachers' barriers. The data were inserted into SPSS software and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Based on the results, teachers' barriers referred to system and schools than personal matters. It might mean that the educational system does not support and encourage PD activities or the teachers believe that PD programs should be organized and take place in schools. Moreover, the findings indicated that there is no significant difference between male and female EFL teachers’ barriers, restrictions or constraints in their PD. The results also showed no significant difference between teachers' level of education and teaching experience and their barriers and constraints for professional development. The findings might prove fruitful and innovative for the managers of foreign language education centers, teachers, and policy makers. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

445 - The Contribution of Cornell Note-Taking Strategy Instruction to the Listening Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners: A Case of Learners’ Perception
Shahrzad Amini zahra sadati

The current study is a quasi-experimental mixed method that sought to further investigate the effect of teaching the Cornell method on improving the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. It also aimed to examine the perceptions of English language learners to چکیده کامل

The current study is a quasi-experimental mixed method that sought to further investigate the effect of teaching the Cornell method on improving the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. It also aimed to examine the perceptions of English language learners toward the Cornell method. The participants were 60 female students at the Mehr-e-Taban Girl’s bilingual high school in Shiraz. Data collection tools included an Oxford Quick Placement Test, a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and one sample of the First Certificate in English (FCE) listening test. Data analysis was conducted using a one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test, paired samples t-test, and the Covariance test. According to the results, the experimental group outperformed their peers in the listening comprehension test. Qualitative data analysis revealed that students viewed the Cornell method as beneficial for comprehending listening tests. The study recommends using the Cornell method to enhance students' listening skills and critical thinking. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

446 - Iranian Male and Female EFL learners’ Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies: Links to Their Reading Comprehension Performance
Sepideh Mohammadi Bazargani Zohreh Seifoori Nasrin Hadidi Tamjid

Reading comprehension is a fundamental language skill for many EFL learners. This study was conducted to compare Iranian male and female EFL learners' tripartite reading strategy use, Problem Solving Reading Strategies (PSRSs), Global Reading Strategies (GRSs), and Supp چکیده کامل

Reading comprehension is a fundamental language skill for many EFL learners. This study was conducted to compare Iranian male and female EFL learners' tripartite reading strategy use, Problem Solving Reading Strategies (PSRSs), Global Reading Strategies (GRSs), and Support Reading strategies (SRSs), and their relationship to their reading comprehension. To serve the purpose, 80 undergraduate EFL learners, 40 females and 40 males, majoring in English Language Teaching (ELT) and English Translation (ET) at Islamic Azad University-Tabriz were selected randomly. The research variables were measured based on the participants’ performance on the reading section of the PET test and the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI) (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002). The research data were analysed through Independent Samples T-test and a Standard Multiple Regression (MR) analysis. The results revealed significant differences between male and female participants in terms of their reading comprehension and perceived use of PSRSs. It was also exhibited that for male participants, only SRSs were the statistically significant predictor of males’ reading comprehension while for females it was the PSRSs that made significant contribution to explain reading comprehension. The gender variation in reading comprehension, reading strategies and the correlational pattern between these two variables exists. Such variations have to be addressed in the process of teaching and suggestions will be made as how teacher trainers, syllabus designers, and individual university students majoring in English Language Teaching (ELT) and English Translation (ET) can apply the findings to promote their outcome. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

447 - Appropriation-Based Syllabus and Speaking Ability: Evidence from Iranian EFL Context
Seyedeh Masoomeh Asaei Ramin Rahimi

The impetus for performing this study came from Thornbury's (2005) approach to teaching speaking in which he claimed that awareness-raising techniques and appropriation strategies facilitate the developing speaking skill. Accordingly, this study explored the impact of a چکیده کامل

The impetus for performing this study came from Thornbury's (2005) approach to teaching speaking in which he claimed that awareness-raising techniques and appropriation strategies facilitate the developing speaking skill. Accordingly, this study explored the impact of an appropriation-based syllabus to teaching speaking by using chunks-on-card activities based on quasi-experimental method. To do so, 30 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were selected from four classes in a language institute and the classes were randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental and a control group. To observe the effect of the treatment, the participants underwent pre- and post-tests on speaking skill. They participated in 14 treatment sessions in which the experimental group practiced the chunks-on-card approach through drilling while the control group practiced the conventional approach. The findings of the Independent-Samples T-test as well as the Paired Samples T-test revealed significant differences among the pre- and post-tests scores of both groups. Thus, the hypothesis of the study which postulated that the appropriation-based teaching of lexical chunks had a significant impact on these intermediate EFL learners’ speaking skills was confirmed. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

448 - The Effect of Using Dictogloss Technique on Listening Comprehension
Hossein Ahmadi Rezaei

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using dictogloss technique on EFL's listening comprehension ability. This was an experimental research with non-randomized control group pretest- posttest design. Class A was the experimental research group, while cl چکیده کامل

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using dictogloss technique on EFL's listening comprehension ability. This was an experimental research with non-randomized control group pretest- posttest design. Class A was the experimental research group, while class B is the control group. Each of them consisted of 25 students. A pre-test was administered to both groups at the beginning of the experiment to ensure that they had the same language background. During 15 sections of study, the Experimental group received treatment by dictogloss technique while the control group did not. At the end of the experiment, a post-test was assigned to both groups to determine whether the dictogloss technique had positively affected the students' listening comprehension abilities. The mean scores gained from both classes showed that the Experimental group had higher mean scores than the Control Group; this showed that the dictogloss technique had worked well. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

449 - مالکیت یا تصاحب: تاریخ اجتماعی تغییر ساختار مالکیت زمین در ایران
کرامت الله راسخ رامین رسول اف

هدف: هدف مقاله مطالعه تغییر ساختار مالکیت زمین در ایران است. روش: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش منبعث از جامعه‌شناسی تاریخی جدید چارلز تیلی و مایکل مان انجام گرفت که در چهارچوب آن موضوعی خاص در بستر تاریخ به روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای بررسی می‌شود. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش چکیده کامل

هدف: هدف مقاله مطالعه تغییر ساختار مالکیت زمین در ایران است. روش: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش منبعث از جامعه‌شناسی تاریخی جدید چارلز تیلی و مایکل مان انجام گرفت که در چهارچوب آن موضوعی خاص در بستر تاریخ به روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای بررسی می‌شود. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که اقتصاد ایران در آستانه قرن بیستم، اقتصاد کشاورزی معیشتی خودکفا بود. این اقتصاد بر اساس تصاحب زمین و نه مالکیت آن، مبانی اسلام و عرف حاکم بر جامعه بناشده بود. نگرش عمومی به مالکیت حرمت آن بود، بنابراین مالکیت به‌مثابه حق عمومی در اذهان عمومی پذیرفته نشد و همواره در معرض دست‌اندازی گروه‌های اجتماعی صاحب نفوذ قرار داشت. نتیجه: نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مالکیت در جامعه مدرن ایرانی نیز ارزش نیست. این را می‌توان در طرح‌های اقتصاد شبه سوسیالیستی، مالکیت مشاع و اقتصاد تعاونی مشاهده نمود که حاوی همان رویکردهای اقتصادی درباره مالکیت است که محتوای اصلی آن درنهایت نفی مالکیت است. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

450 - معرفی تکواژ تأییدی در گویش هزارگی افغانستان
کتایون نمیرانیان زرمینه ناحیبی فاطمه کشاورزی سمیه مرادی رحیم فروغی

نوشتار پیش رو، به معرفی تکواژی در گویش هزارگی افغانستان می پردازد که ساختاری بسیار ویژه دارد . این تکواژ که از یک واج تشکیل شده، معنای تأیید و بله را می رساند و گویشوران سالمند آن را استفاده می نمایند. ویژگی بازگشتی این واج، که در میان زبان های هند و اروپایی نادر است، خ چکیده کامل

نوشتار پیش رو، به معرفی تکواژی در گویش هزارگی افغانستان می پردازد که ساختاری بسیار ویژه دارد . این تکواژ که از یک واج تشکیل شده، معنای تأیید و بله را می رساند و گویشوران سالمند آن را استفاده می نمایند. ویژگی بازگشتی این واج، که در میان زبان های هند و اروپایی نادر است، خود به تنهایی درخور اعتناست. این مقاله ، ایتدا به معرفی منطقه و گویش قوم هزارگی می پردازد، سپس مشابهت های این صدا در سایر گویشهای و زبانها، و تکواژ (اتف) را بررسی می کند. و پس از آن، نتیجه گیری و منابع آورده شود. پرونده مقاله

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451 - ارائه روشی جدید برای آشکارسازی سرطان سینه در تصاویر ماموگرافی با استفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب تاب
غزال مردانیان ندا بهزادفر

سرطان سینه یکی از شایع ترین سرطان ها در بین زنان است. در بسیاری از مواقع، هیچ علائم آشکاری در بیماران مبتلا به سرطان سینه مشاهده نمی شود. تشخیص دقیق سرطان سینه در مراحل اولیه برای کاهش مرگ و میر امری ضروری است. ماموگرافی به عنوان یک روش استاندارد بیش از 40 سال است که در چکیده کامل

سرطان سینه یکی از شایع ترین سرطان ها در بین زنان است. در بسیاری از مواقع، هیچ علائم آشکاری در بیماران مبتلا به سرطان سینه مشاهده نمی شود. تشخیص دقیق سرطان سینه در مراحل اولیه برای کاهش مرگ و میر امری ضروری است. ماموگرافی به عنوان یک روش استاندارد بیش از 40 سال است که در تشخیص بیماری های سینه مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. برای جلوگیری از تجزیه و تحلیل های ذهنی تصاویر ماموگرافی توسط رادیولوژیست ها و افزایش دقت آشکارسازی سرطان سینه، سیستم های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی در سال های اخیر مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته اند. در این مطالعه با ترکیب الگوریتم کرم شب تاب و اعمال پیش پردازش های مناسب بر روی تصویر به آشکارسازی سرطان سینه در تصاویر ماموگرافی پرداخته شده است. در این مطالعه، از تصاویر ماموگرافی موجود در مجموعه داده DDSM استفاده شد. 3 معیار عملکردی صحت، حساسیت و دقت (%4/93، 91%، 95% ) برای تجزیه و تحلیل عملکرد تشخیص استفاده شد. اثر پیشنهادی در مقایسه با کارهای موجود در ادبیات عملکرد بهتری نشان می دهد پرونده مقاله

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452 - بررسی به‌کارگیری پوشش های ضدبازتاب در سلول های خورشیدی لایه نازک CZTS برای افزایش جذب نور: بهینه سازی با استفاده از روش FDTD
مینا میرزایی جواد حسن زاده کلاشمی علی عبداله زاده ضیابری مهدی میرزایی

در چند سال گذشته، سلول های خورشیدی مبتنی بر سولفید قلع روی مس (CZTS) به دلیل ضریب جذب و شکاف باند مناسب، کم هزینه بودن، رفتار غیر رادیواکتیو و سازگار با محیط زیست، جزو سلول های خورشیدی لایه نازک بسیار امیدوار کننده هستند. با این حال، سلول های CZTS بازدهی ضعیفی نشان می د چکیده کامل

در چند سال گذشته، سلول های خورشیدی مبتنی بر سولفید قلع روی مس (CZTS) به دلیل ضریب جذب و شکاف باند مناسب، کم هزینه بودن، رفتار غیر رادیواکتیو و سازگار با محیط زیست، جزو سلول های خورشیدی لایه نازک بسیار امیدوار کننده هستند. با این حال، سلول های CZTS بازدهی ضعیفی نشان می دهند و شناسایی کمبودها و ایجاد پیشرفت لازم است. در این مقاله، استفاده از پوشش های مختلف لایه های ضد بازتاب (ARC) در سطح بالای سلول خورشیدی پیشنهاد شده است. حداقل سازی بازتاب برای بهینه سازی ضخامت لایه های ضد بازتاب با استفاده از نرم افزار لومریکال انجام شده است. چگالی جریان اتصال کوتاه از 48/18 میلی-آمپر بر سانتیمتر مربع برای سلول های خورشیدی بدون پوشش ضد بازتاب به 76/20 میلی-آمپر بر سانتیمتر مربع برای سلول هایی که دارای پوشش لایه ضدبازتاب MgF2 هستند افزایش می یابد. پرونده مقاله

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453 - ارائه راهکار بهبود مجموع نرخ امن در شبکه نسل پنجم با استفاده از روش مشارکت کاربران قانونی شبکه و بهره‌گیری از تکنیک‌ صفحات بازتابنده هوشمند و دسترسی چندگانه نامتعامد
افشین سوزنی محمدعلی پورمینا پاییز عزمی محمد ناصر مقدسی

هدف این مقاله ارائه راه کار بهبود و افزایش مجموع نرخ امن در لایه فیزیکی برای شبکه مخابرات بی‌سیم است که از فناوری‌های مختلفی مانند روش دسترسی چندگانه نامتعامد، صفحات بازتابنده هوشمند و ارتباطات دستگاه به دستگاه و مشارکت کاربران به‌عنوان همیار شبکه در انتقال دیتا، بهره م چکیده کامل

هدف این مقاله ارائه راه کار بهبود و افزایش مجموع نرخ امن در لایه فیزیکی برای شبکه مخابرات بی‌سیم است که از فناوری‌های مختلفی مانند روش دسترسی چندگانه نامتعامد، صفحات بازتابنده هوشمند و ارتباطات دستگاه به دستگاه و مشارکت کاربران به‌عنوان همیار شبکه در انتقال دیتا، بهره می‌برد. مدل سیستم پیشنهادی برای این مقاله شامل یک ایستگاه فرستنده پایه‌، یک صفحه بازتابنده‌، دو کاربر قانونی، یک شنودگر است و به دلیل وجود موانع بسیار در محیط انتقال امکان وجود دید مستقیم بین کاربران و ایستگاه پایه در شبکه وجود ندارد و انتقال داده از طریق صفحات بازتابنده و همیاری کاربران شبکه امکان پذیر است. راه کار ارائه شده برای افزایش نرخ امن در لایه فیزیکی با فرض مشخص بودن موقعیت مکانی تمامی اجزای شبکه، با استفاده از روش‌های بهینه و غیربهینه، به صورت عبارت فرم بسته محاسبه شده است. مقدار نرخ امن متناسب با راه کار ارائه شده، برای مقادیر مختلف توان فرستنده ایستگاه پایه، جابجایی مکانی شنودگر در شبکه، تغییر تعداد آرایه‌های صفحات هوشمند و تغییر تعداد آنتن‌های ایستگاه پایه به دست آمده است. نتایج عددی به دست آمده اثربخشی راه کار پیشنهادی را تأیید می‌کند و نشان می‌دهد افزایش تعداد آرایه‌های صفحات بازتابنده، مقدار نرخ امن را به دلیل اثر متمرکز نمودن انتشار پرتو سیگنال بر روی کاربر به میزان قابل توجه افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان دهنده افزایش 50 درصدی مجموع نرخ امن برای شبکه در حالت استفاده از روش دسترسی نامتعامد در مقایسه با روش دسترسی متعامد است. پرونده مقاله

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454 - The Efficacy of the Deductive and Inductive Approaches in Teaching Information Structure (IS) of Non-Canonical Sentences and Its Effect on Iranian EFL Learners
Hamidreza Sheikhi Bahram Hadian Mehdi Vaez dalili

The present study attempts to compare the efficacy of the Deductive and inductive approaches in teaching Information Structure (IS) of non-canonical sentences and its effect on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension in college. In this respect, 69 undergradua چکیده کامل

The present study attempts to compare the efficacy of the Deductive and inductive approaches in teaching Information Structure (IS) of non-canonical sentences and its effect on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension in college. In this respect, 69 undergraduate Persian-speaking EFL learners (28 males and 41 females, mean age ≃ 21, age range=19-24, years of EFL learning ≃ 8, sophomore); majoring in English Literature and English Translation at the department of English Language and Literature, Arak University, Iran, were chosen in the form of two homogeneous intact groups, namely The Deductive (experimental) and Inductive (control) groups, consisting of 36 and 33 participants, respectively. Providing a six-week training course including twelve treatment sessions of The Deductive vs. Inductive instructions of IS principles, the results of statistical comparisons using paired-samples t-test and independent-samples t-test concerning the participants’ performance of each group indicated a significant improvement in reading comprehension. Concerning the pretest to the post-test phase, the momentum of progress has been sharper in the Deductive group. Regarding the post-test to the delayed post-test stage, deterioration of obtained reading comprehension abilities by EFL learners in the Deductive group has been statistically significant, whereas the findings indicate that the EFL learners of the Inductive group have shown statistically considerable retention of improved skill. پرونده مقاله

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455 - A Comparison of the Impact of Peer-Tutored Read-Aloud and Teacher-Guided Read-Aloud on Immediate and Delayed Vocabulary Retention among Iranian EFL Students
Reza Afsharpour Manoocher Jafari Gohar

This research aimed at comparing the peer tutoring strategies with teacher guiding strategies on the improvement of Iranian EFL vocabulary knowledge and their attitudes toward learning English vocabulary. The initial population of the study was 70 students. They were st چکیده کامل

This research aimed at comparing the peer tutoring strategies with teacher guiding strategies on the improvement of Iranian EFL vocabulary knowledge and their attitudes toward learning English vocabulary. The initial population of the study was 70 students. They were studying English at Shokooh English institute in Tehran. After administering TOEFL test as a proficiency test, 40 students (17 males and 23 females) were selected as the participants of the study. They were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The students assigned to the experimental group were involved in an active work with their classmates’ peers, and received instruction based on peer-tutoring. The control group received instruction based on normal syllabus of the class that is teacher guided instruction The findings showed that there is a statistically significant difference (α= 0.01) between the two adjusted means of the students’ scores due to the two different learning strategies in favor of the experimental group. پرونده مقاله

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456 - Inter- Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Intrinsic Motivation, their Willingness to Communicate and their Level of Depression: A Case of Khorasan Razavi
Haniyeh Afzali Hamid Ashraf

ABSTRACT This study examined inter-relationship among willingness to communicate, intrinsic motivation, and level of depression has not been investigated. Through a quantitative and applied study 357 Iranian EFL learners from Khorasan Razavi were examined by three stand چکیده کامل

ABSTRACT This study examined inter-relationship among willingness to communicate, intrinsic motivation, and level of depression has not been investigated. Through a quantitative and applied study 357 Iranian EFL learners from Khorasan Razavi were examined by three standard questionnaires: Willingness to Communicate in a Foreign Language Scale’ by Baghaei et al., (2012), intrinsic motivation inventory (IMI) Ryan and Deci (2000), and The Beck Depression Inventory (2015). Results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed normal distribution of scores and non-parametrical pattern of the study in which required analysis using spearman test. Results of correlation coefficient for the research questions showed that there is a significant relationship between willingness to communicate, intrinsic motivation, and level of depression so that relationships among willingness to communicate and intrinsic motivation with depression level were bidirectional. It implies that to avoid students’ depression in language learning environments they should be encouraged into communicative activities and their intrinsic motivation needs reinforcement. پرونده مقاله

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457 - Study of the Relationship between Teaching Style and Teacher Efficacy: A Quantitative Case Study in Mashhad, Iran
Azadeh Ghorbanzadeh

The present study investigated the correlation between teaching style and teacher efficacy among 80 Iranian EFL female teachers from Tabadkan District high schools in Mashhad. To fulfill this aim, the participants responded to two separate questionnaires; the Teaching S چکیده کامل

The present study investigated the correlation between teaching style and teacher efficacy among 80 Iranian EFL female teachers from Tabadkan District high schools in Mashhad. To fulfill this aim, the participants responded to two separate questionnaires; the Teaching Style Inventory (Dunn & Dunn, 1977) and the Teacher Efficacy Questionnaire (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient) through SPSS. Findings showed a significant relationship between teaching style and teacher efficacy of high school female teachers (n=80, r=0.57, p=0.00). The results of this investigation may have suggestions for stakeholders, policymakers, administrators, and teachers to address the significance of the issues regarding the two primary variables of this study. Furthermore, teacher educators are encouraged to re-design their professional development programs to suit the genuine requirements of teachers in their unique educational environment if they are to educate successful teachers who can cope successfully with the everyday realities of the classroom. پرونده مقاله

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458 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of the Different Features of Mediation
Mahbubeh Rezaeian

With the emergence of social constructivism, gradual changes in the role of teachers have been observed and the interests in the recognition of the importance of mediation in English language classrooms have been surged. It appears that the history of mediation pretty i چکیده کامل

With the emergence of social constructivism, gradual changes in the role of teachers have been observed and the interests in the recognition of the importance of mediation in English language classrooms have been surged. It appears that the history of mediation pretty ignores exploring the teachers mental lives and has not treated some variables in much details. This paper sought to reveal Iranian EFL teachers thoughts on the importance of the different aspects of mediation and to discover the degree that they act as mediators. It is also aimed to investigate the differences in Iranian high school English teachers’ perceptions across various genders, ages, degrees as well as teaching experience groups. In order to collect data Mediation Questionnaire for Language Teachers consists of three parts designed by Williams and Burden (1997) was distributed among 40 Iranian EFL teachers in three institutes in Gorgan. The results showed that 57 percent of teachers believed that mediation was very important for them. Meanwhile, they consider themselves as a mediator quite often. The findings also demonstrated no statistically significant difference in Iranian high school English teachers’ perceptions across different genders, ages and degrees apart from teaching experience. پرونده مقاله

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459 - Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationship between Language Teachers’ Trait Emotional Intelligence and their Learner’s Trait Emotional Intelligence: A Dyadic Curve of Factors Model
Rouhua Wang Majid Elahi Shirvan Tahereh Taherian Mehdi Solhi

The current research aimed at exploring the dynamic patterns of simultaneous change in EFL teachers and learners’ trait emotional intelligence (TEI) in a language classroom context. A reciprocal effects model was proposed to relate English as a foreign language (E چکیده کامل

The current research aimed at exploring the dynamic patterns of simultaneous change in EFL teachers and learners’ trait emotional intelligence (TEI) in a language classroom context. A reciprocal effects model was proposed to relate English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers to students’ TEI to suggest that there are positive reciprocal relationships between teachers’ and learners’ TEI. The model was tested with 4-wave longitudinal dyadic data (LDD) collected in the first 6 months of an academic year from 229 EFL teachers and 2016 learners. A dyadic curve of the factor model was used to analyze the data. Three research questions were formed to explore, firstly, the growth trajectories for teachers and their students’ TEI over time, secondly, whether the initial levels of teachers’ and students’ TEI predict linear change in TEI of teachers and students over time, and thirdly, whether teachers and their students’ trajectories (initial levels and slopes) of TEI were associated. The overall findings showed a slight increase in TEI in both dyad members over time. Also, a higher initial TEI was associated with more growth in TEI over time in both teachers and students. Finally, teachers who had a higher level of TEI at the beginning of the study showed were more likely to have students with an increasing TEI over time. This study is pioneering in providing longitudinal evidence for interactive emotion transmission between teachers and learners. Implications for prospective research and teacher education are provided. پرونده مقاله

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460 - The Relationship between Trust and Empowerment: The Mediating Role of Efficacy
Elham Imanipour

Schools are among the most important organizations of any society. Lack of trust in colleagues, students and parents damages the relations between teachers and prevents cooperation at schools. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between trust and چکیده کامل

Schools are among the most important organizations of any society. Lack of trust in colleagues, students and parents damages the relations between teachers and prevents cooperation at schools. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between trust and empowerment considering the mediating role of efficacy among EFL high school teachers. The participants were 155 EFL teachers in Iranian high schools in Golestan province, Iran. These participants were at the range age of 23 – 58 (male = 62, female = 93). The teacher empowerment scale used in the present study is adapted from Short and Rinehart’ (1992) “School participant empowerment scale”. The teachers’ trust scale is derived from the scale of Faculty Trust in Schools developed by Hoy, Gage, and Tarter (2006). Also teacher efficacy scale developed by Tschannen-Moran, Hoy, and Hoy (1998). The result showed there is significant relationship between trust and empowerment, empowerment and efficacy, and trust and efficacy. Also, it was concluded that there is a statistically significant correlation between trust and empowerment and efficacy among EFL high school teachers in Golestan province, Iran. پرونده مقاله

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461 - Hidden Reasons behind the Plagiarism of Iranian TEFL University Students in Their Written Studies: A Qualitative Study
Vahid Ghorbani Mehrnoosh Mashmool Golshad Daliche Ata Hamed Zarabi

In recent years, the issue of plagiarism has received a lot of attention from the academic world. However, few studies have been conducted in the area of detecting why students will be drawn into such a hateful action. The factors that overtly or covertly contribute to چکیده کامل

In recent years, the issue of plagiarism has received a lot of attention from the academic world. However, few studies have been conducted in the area of detecting why students will be drawn into such a hateful action. The factors that overtly or covertly contribute to the growth of plagiarism among graduate TEFL students in Iran were investigated in this study. In order to accomplish this, the researchers conducted a semi-structured interview with 20 graduate students studying English language teaching to ascertain their perceptions of the underlying causes of plagiarism. Based on the data collected from the content analysis procedure, the main causes of plagiarism among TEFL students include ‘low English proficiency’, ‘lack of time’, ‘lack of support from the instructor’, ‘lack of interest in the topic, ‘laziness or a lack of motivation’, and ‘the use of science as a market for money making. The current study is of high significance since it has vital implications for academics teaching in higher education, TEFL university students, curriculum developers, and EAP/ESP specialists. پرونده مقاله

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462 - A Content Analysis of Multicultural Representations of Textbooks in Expanding Circle Countries: A Case of Vision Series in Iran
Mahdieh Sadeghzadegan Mojtaba Mohammadi Abdollah Baradaran

With the dissemination of the concept of intercultural citizenship and the growing demand for citizens to communicate in settings with a kaleidoscopic array of cultural diversity, EFL textbooks should reflect these multicultural values besides their attention to languag چکیده کامل

With the dissemination of the concept of intercultural citizenship and the growing demand for citizens to communicate in settings with a kaleidoscopic array of cultural diversity, EFL textbooks should reflect these multicultural values besides their attention to language. This study examines cultural contents/themes from written passages and pictures of Vision series, the Iranian senior high school textbooks. To this end, the cultural contents (source, target, international cultures) and cultural themes (big ‘C’ and little ‘c’) were qualitatively extracted. The results of the quantitative content analysis revealed that there were not any significant differences among the three books in terms of cultural categories. However, source cultural content gained higher frequency as compared to others; Big ‘C’ themes gained statistically more frequency than the little ‘c’ which could be the aftermath of the authors’ sole focus on L1 communicative competence. The study further concludes that the textbooks failed to foster intercultural communicative competence and intercultural communication. The findings have implications for syllabus designers and material developers to integrate the principles of English as an international language in their practice by further including target and international cultural content types. پرونده مقاله

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463 - Authenticity of Discourse Markers and Features in Iranian School English Textbooks
Husain Abdulhay

A carefully-constructed discourse is requisite for acquainting learners with a native-like lingual situation. The present study sought to appraise three locally-made EFL textbook series, prescribed by the Ministry of Education in Iran for the school students, in respect چکیده کامل

A carefully-constructed discourse is requisite for acquainting learners with a native-like lingual situation. The present study sought to appraise three locally-made EFL textbook series, prescribed by the Ministry of Education in Iran for the school students, in respect of their discourse features to ascertain the extent to which these course-books enable the foreign language learners to achieve pragmatic competence. The content analysis was built mainly on the framework developed by Carter and McCarthy (2006) and Cutting (2011). The post-use evaluation of 21 dialogues incorporated in the course-books divulged that they were satisfactory at living up to the provision of sufficient instances of discourse markers but showcasing them in a hackneyed and iterative motif and in a cursory and hasty tempo. Situational ellipsis, as the most salient feature of the spoken discourse, was sparsely evidenced and for some discourse markers a one-off insertion of their instances was witnessed. Results of this study have some practical implications and suggestions for language teachers and textbook developers. پرونده مقاله

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464 - The Impact of Online Teacher Mediation and Learner Scaffolding on the EFL Learners’ Depth of Reflectivity in Writing
Leila Behrahi Payman Rajabi Hamid Reza Khalaji

Abstract It is believed that success in learning to a great extent depends on reflective thinking. Accordingly, the present study sought to explore the extent to which Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners involve in reflection. It also investigated whic چکیده کامل

Abstract It is believed that success in learning to a great extent depends on reflective thinking. Accordingly, the present study sought to explore the extent to which Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners involve in reflection. It also investigated which of the three groups of teacher mediation, learners’ scaffolding, and the control group outperform others on learners’ reflectivity in writing. Based on the findings, only the learners’ scaffolding group performed at the understanding and reflection level and by so doing, it outperformed other groups namely experimental group 1 and the control group. The second research question sought which of the three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and the control group outperforms the others regarding learners’ reflectivity in writing. Based on the results, the progress of reflection and all its dimensions has become statistically significant only in the learners’ scaffolding group, while in the first experimental group, progress has also been seen, but it is not statistically significant. Implications for EFL courses are discussed in the paper. پرونده مقاله

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465 - Examining The Relationship Among Stroke, Strictness, Gender Identity, and Teacher Success from EFL Teachers’ Perspective
Reza Afsharpour Ghasem Barani Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei

The present study aimed to investigate the role of EFL teacher’s strictness, stroke, and gender identity in teacher success. To do so, 420 EFL teachers, 200 males and 220 females, participated in the study. The teachers were teaching English courses in different l چکیده کامل

The present study aimed to investigate the role of EFL teacher’s strictness, stroke, and gender identity in teacher success. To do so, 420 EFL teachers, 200 males and 220 females, participated in the study. The teachers were teaching English courses in different language institutes in Tehran and Alborz provinces in Iran. The method for sample selection was convenience sampling. The present study was in the form of a survey design. To collect the required information, four instruments were administered to the sample of the study: Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Scale, Masculinity/Femininity Scale, Student Stroke Scale, and Teacher Strictness Scale. For collecting the data, these questionnaires were filled out by the participants during one month. After collecting the data, Pearson product-moment correlation formula and Path Analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there are no significant differences between female and male teachers’ perception of stroke, strictness, and gender identity. The findings indicated that strictness does not have a significant positive effect on female and male teachers’ success. Additionally, gender identity and stroke play a significant role in predicting female and male teachers’ success. As insufficiency of effective teachers can harm learning to a great extent, knowledge of the factors which might cause teacher success seems to be necessary for teacher trainers. پرونده مقاله

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466 - Culture in English Language Teaching: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research
Siavash Rokhsari

As a second or foreign language cannot be learned without knowledge of the cultural context in which it is used, it is generally accepted that language learners must also become cultural learners. Culture acquisition is as universal and natural as language learning. The چکیده کامل

As a second or foreign language cannot be learned without knowledge of the cultural context in which it is used, it is generally accepted that language learners must also become cultural learners. Culture acquisition is as universal and natural as language learning. The ability of the individual to accept and learn new ways of doing and saying things determines how easy or difficult it will be for them to integrate into the new culture and language in EFL/ESL situations. The most readily apparent and accessible manifestation of a culture is its language, which serves as a medium for communication among its members. A person's worldview, sense of self, ways of acting, feeling, and communicating can all be affected negatively by a culture shock. Similar to how one must be able to think in a language in order to speak it well, mind is a very potent tool. Language is the lifeblood of the nation and its citizens. Since language and culture are closely interwoven, we should instead consider the pros and cons of intentional vs accidental exposure to culture rather than whether it should be taught as a subject in the foreign language curricula. In a word, culture is a way of life. پرونده مقاله

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467 - Effects of Explicit Instruction of Metadiscourse Markers on Persuasive Writing Ability and the Learners’ Attitude towards Teaching Academic Writing with Online Modality
Majid Fatahipour Mozhdeh Tahmasbi Neda Gharagozloo

Persuasive writing is considered a complex genre for EFL learners to master and yet vital for academic arguments. As metadiscourse markers are recognizable and familiar devices to persuade, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of their explicit onlin چکیده کامل

Persuasive writing is considered a complex genre for EFL learners to master and yet vital for academic arguments. As metadiscourse markers are recognizable and familiar devices to persuade, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of their explicit online instruction on Iranian EFL learners' persuasive writing. The participants were homogenous EFL learners at the intermediate level, divided into two groups: experimental (n=40) and control (n=40). An official e-platform used in Iranian state-run schools was used for online instruction. According to a regular schedule, the participants received different passages containing metadiscourse markers. The teacher assigned the experimental group to notice and discuss the markers in small groups. Then, a passage-related topic was assigned and the learners wrote a persuasive essay in each session. For the control group, the same procedure was adopted except for the explicit focus on metadiscourse markers. Finally, a writing test demonstrated the significant effect of explicit instruction on persuasive writing of EFL learners, through statistical analysis explaining participants’ attitude and high frequency of - interactive type markers. Learners’ attitudes were also examined through interviews. Pedagogical implications are suggested to include explicit focus on metadiscourse markers in writing courses. پرونده مقاله

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468 - Dynamic Assessment in L2 Writing Performance: the Case of Iranian EFL Learners
Aysheh Mohammadzadeh

Dynamic assessment (DA) is founded in Sociocultural Theory (SCT) of Vygotsky (1978) and his conception of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It motivated the scholars to find a way from a static approach of assessment to the dynamic approach to increase individuals&rsq چکیده کامل

Dynamic assessment (DA) is founded in Sociocultural Theory (SCT) of Vygotsky (1978) and his conception of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It motivated the scholars to find a way from a static approach of assessment to the dynamic approach to increase individuals’ independence and level of performance (Lantolf & Poehner, 2004; Poehner, 2008). To this end, this investigation probed DA intervention on writing fluency and complexity of Iranian EFL learners. Before the treatment, the KET test was implemented for homogenizing the participants and then 36 learners were chosen in groups of namely, experimental and control (18 participants in every group). In both groups, learners wrote a one-paragraph essay in the first session. During the intervention which lasted for two sessions, the researcher followed some stages including implicit and explicit feedback types in the second and third sessions to help learners move from teacher-regulation to self-regulation and then they wrote again a one-paragraph essay as the post-test in the fourth session. Participants in the control group wrote on the same topics as the experimental group, however, with no DA intervention. The researcher corrected their papers and provided some general comments in the control group. The t-tests in the post-tests indicated that experimental group surpassed the control group considerably concerning the writing fluency and complexity improvement. The paper concludes with a discussion and recommendations for further research into the potential DA contributions to EFL writing assessment and instruction. پرونده مقاله

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469 - سیرتاریخی اندیشه های تفسیری آیات الست : بررسی انتقادی و نوآوری
سید حسین کریم‌پور

بررسی مفاد رمزآلود آیات الست (اعراف/172ـ 174) از دیرباز مورد توجه محدثان، مفسران و اندیشمندان مسلمان بوده‌است. نگاهی به دیدگاه‌های ارایه شده از ألست در تاریخ تفکر اسلامی، حکایت از اهتمام پیوسته برای عرضة اندیشه‌ای نو در تفسیر این آیات است، تفسیری که در عین انطباق با ظوا چکیده کامل

بررسی مفاد رمزآلود آیات الست (اعراف/172ـ 174) از دیرباز مورد توجه محدثان، مفسران و اندیشمندان مسلمان بوده‌است. نگاهی به دیدگاه‌های ارایه شده از ألست در تاریخ تفکر اسلامی، حکایت از اهتمام پیوسته برای عرضة اندیشه‌ای نو در تفسیر این آیات است، تفسیری که در عین انطباق با ظواهر آیات و مبانی دینی، خردپذیر و نمایانگر ابعاد پیچیده و مبهم آیه باشد. قلم حاضر، با بکارگیری روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، پس از ریشه‌‌یابی دیدگاه‌ها و ارزیابی اندیشه‌های تفسیری آیات ألست، به ارایه نظریه جدید دست یازیده است. نتیجه پژوهش به این معنا انجامیده که تشتّت آرای مفسران، بیش از آن که ناشی از پیچیدگی مفاد آیات باشد متأثر از توجه افراطی به روایات و غفلت از آسیب غلو و اسرائیلیات است. همچنین تحقیق حاضر با تامّل بیشتر در مفردات، ترکیبها و نیز تکیه بر سیاق آیات بر این نظر تأکید کرده که مفاد آیات الست، نه میثاق عمومی برای همه انسانها، بلکه بیان رخدادی ویژه برای افرادی است که اهل‌ بهانه و انکار بودند. پرونده مقاله

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470 - Utilizing Firefly Algorithm-Optimized ANFIS for Estimating Engine Torque and Emissions Based on Fuel Use and Speed
Mahmut Dirik

10.30495/fomj.2023.1988182.1092

In this study, a method for predicting engine torque and emissions considering fuel consumption and engine speed parameters is presented. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized with the Firefly algorithm is used. This strategy uses the global optimiz چکیده کامل

In this study, a method for predicting engine torque and emissions considering fuel consumption and engine speed parameters is presented. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized with the Firefly algorithm is used. This strategy uses the global optimization capabilities of the Firefly algorithm, an algorithm inspired by biological phenomena, in combination with the ability of ANFIS to describe complicated non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs. The ANFIS system was trained on a dataset containing various engine operating conditions, with the Firefly algorithm fine-tuning the model parameters to ensure optimal effectiveness. The input parameters of the model consisted of fuel quantity and engine speed, while engine torque and nitrogen oxide emissions formed the output parameters. The results obtained showed high accuracy in predicting engine torque and emissions, confirming the effectiveness of the Firefly-optimized ANFIS model. This model makes an important contribution to engine performance monitoring and emissions management. It provides a powerful tool for real-time regulation and has the potential to improve fuel efficiency while reducing environmental impact. Future research efforts should extend the applicability of this model to a wider range of engine shapes and operating conditions. پرونده مقاله

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471 - تاثیر آموزش از طریق فن‌آوری سیار بر یادگیری تأملی و شناختی دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال نقص توجه- بیش‌فعالی
اکرم حافظی فاطمه دیمی آهویی نیما خادمی

پژوهش حاضر با تاثیر آموزش از طریق فن آوری سیار بر یادگیری تأملی و شناختی دانش‌آموزان با اختلالADHD انجام گرفت. روش پژوهش؛ شبه تجربی از نوع پیش آزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل کلیۀ دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال نقص توجه-بیش فعالی مقطع متوسطه منطقۀ 2 آموزش و چکیده کامل

پژوهش حاضر با تاثیر آموزش از طریق فن آوری سیار بر یادگیری تأملی و شناختی دانش‌آموزان با اختلالADHD انجام گرفت. روش پژوهش؛ شبه تجربی از نوع پیش آزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل کلیۀ دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال نقص توجه-بیش فعالی مقطع متوسطه منطقۀ 2 آموزش و پرورش شهر تهران به تعداد 476 نفر بود. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری در دسترس تعداد 40 دانش آموز پسر با نقص توجه به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.با استفاده از پرسش‌نامۀ کانرز فرم والدین (2004) و با بررسی پروندۀ دانش‌آموزان با همکاری مدیران مدارس؛ دانش‌آموزان پایۀ دوازدهم دارای اختلال نقص توجه-بیشفعالی شناسایی شدند. پس از همسان‌سازی ناشی از اجرای پیش‌آزمون،نمونۀ حاضر به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه 20 نفری، آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند؛ ابزار گردآوری داده ها شامل پرسشنامۀ بود.داده های با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS25 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.آموزش از طریق فن‌آوری سیار بر یادگیری شناختی و راهبرد‌های شناختی تکرار یا مرور، بسط یا گسترش و سازمان دهی دانش‌آموزان بیش‌فعّالی دورۀ ابتدایی تأثیر معنادار دارد( 074/6 F= و p≤0/05). همچنین آموزش از طریق فن آوری سیار بر یادگیری تاملی و عمل عادت، فهمیدن، تامل و تفکر انتقادی دانش‌آموزان بیش‌فعّالی دورۀ ابتدایی تأثیر معنادار دارد( 02/4F= و p≤0/05). پرونده مقاله

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472 - بررسی اثر اسانس گل گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea pupurea) بر رشد و توانایی تولید مایکوتوکسین توسط قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاووس
آرزو ملکوتی انوشه شریفان علیرضا بصیری

بیمار یهای ناشی از مواد غذایی آلوده به مایکو توکسین ها از موارد نگران کننده سلامت انسان می باشد. جهت کاهش زیان های اقتصادی و خطرات جانی ناشی از این عوامل، استفاده از ترکیبات زیست فعال به منظور بهبود ایمنی و نگهداری مواد غذایی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه چکیده کامل

بیمار یهای ناشی از مواد غذایی آلوده به مایکو توکسین ها از موارد نگران کننده سلامت انسان می باشد. جهت کاهش زیان های اقتصادی و خطرات جانی ناشی از این عوامل، استفاده از ترکیبات زیست فعال به منظور بهبود ایمنی و نگهداری مواد غذایی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین اثر اسانس گل گیاه سرخارگل به عنوان نگهدارنده طبیعی به منظور کنترل رشد کپک آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و جلوگیری از سنتز آفلاتوکسین B1 می‌باشد. برای این منظور، ابتدا حداقل غلظت بازدارنده (MIC) و حداقل غلظت کشنده (MFC) اسانس با استفاده از روش انتشار دیسک محاسبه شد و سپس اثر غلظت‌های مختلف اسانس روی تولید آفلاتوکسین B1 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مقدار آفلاتوکسین تولید شده در محیط کشت YES با استفاده از HPLC اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که شاخص‌های MIC و MFC به ترتیب برابر با ppm 10000 و ppm 15000 بودند. نتایج آزمون هاله عدم رشد نشان داد که افزایش غلظت اسانس به طور معنی‌داری (05/0>p) مانع رشد میروبی شده است. تولید آفلاتوکسین B1 به طور معنی‌داری (05/0>p) وابسته به غلظت اسانس گیاه سرخارگل بود، به طوری‌که با افزایش غلظت اسانس میزان تولید آفلاتوکسین B1 به طور معنی‌داری (05/0>p) کاهش یافت. براین اساس، از تولید آفلاتوکسین B1 توسط آسپرژیلوس فلاووس با استفاده از غلظت ppm 15000 اسانس گیاه سرخارگل جلوگیری شد. می‌توان نتیجه گرفته که اسانس گیاه سرخارگل می‌تواند تولید آفلاتوکسین B1 توسط آسپرژیلوس فلاووس را تا سطح قابل قبولی کنترل نماید. پرونده مقاله

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473 - Effect of Diospyros kaki L. fruit extract on gag reflex
الهام شادمهر احسان حکمتیان غلام رضا اصغری

Background & Aim: A gag reflex (GR) can be a problem to compliance and delivery of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Diospyros kaki L. fruit extract in controlling gag reflex during dental treatment. Experimental: Our study was a ran چکیده کامل

Background & Aim: A gag reflex (GR) can be a problem to compliance and delivery of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Diospyros kaki L. fruit extract in controlling gag reflex during dental treatment. Experimental: Our study was a randomized double blind controlled trial with convenient sampling on 84 patients that is candidate for radiographic procedures in Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Randomization procedure entered in each group of intervention with Diospyros kaki L. extracts or placebo. Before and after intervention gag reflex was categorized in 4 score (0 to 3) and evaluated. Data analysis and comparing performed with SPSS software and Chi-square and McNamara tests. Results & Discussion: Gag reflex in soft palate region & tensile was found on all patients. After intervention the decrease on gag reflex was recorded 97.6 and 100 percent for case and 19.4 and 16.6 percent for control group on soft palate region and tensile respectively. Statistical significant decreased between intervention (case) & placebo groups (pIndustrial and practical recommendations: Our results indicate that consumption of Diospyros kaki L. extracts are seems to be an effective method of controlling gag reflex during dental treatment. It can be a confidence method to use on dental procedures especially radiographic. پرونده مقاله

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474 - Effects of Melia azedarach L. and Peganum harmala L. extracts on nymphal and pupal developmental duration of Trialeurodes vaporariorum
مهسا دهقانی کمال احمدی

Background & Aim: The plants of the greenhouse have been affected by infestation of the pest Trialeurodes vaporariorum, called greenhouse whitefly, which markedly reduced production. Synthetic insecticides have been widely developed and, their extensive use has brou چکیده کامل

Background & Aim: The plants of the greenhouse have been affected by infestation of the pest Trialeurodes vaporariorum, called greenhouse whitefly, which markedly reduced production. Synthetic insecticides have been widely developed and, their extensive use has brought about disadvantages, like environmental disturbance, pest resistance, lethal effects on non target organisms and toxicity to users and consumers. One alternative for control this invasive pest is the use of natural insecticides, active component isolated from the plants. Green insecticides tend to have broad spectrum activity relatively specific in their mode of action and easy to process and use. The effects of methanolic extracts of Melia azedarach L. and Peganum harmala L. on nymphal and pupal developmental duration of T. vaporariorum investigated under laboratory condition.Experimental: In both of the experiments, the leaf discs of bean plants with new hatched nymphs or pupae were placed into the round plastic petri-dishes (5 cm diameter) that filled with agar gel. The individuals of the nymph and pupa instars were treated with the concentration of M. azedarach and P. harmala extracts (80 mg/ml). In control group, water distilled was applied.Results & Discussion: The results indicate that the both methannolic extracts significantly increased nymphal developmental duration as compared to control. While, there was no significantly difference on pupal developmental duration in different treatments. The effect of plant extracts on nymphal developmental duration could be controlled on population dynamic of T. vaporariorum. Also, they could be delayed immature stages of greenhouse whitefly. Moreover, botanical pesticides appear to have potential as a good organic insecticide and provide for pest control an alternative to currently used pesticides.Industrial and Practical Recommendations: According to this experiment, substituting conventional pesticides with methanol extracts of M. azedarach and P. harmala are an attractive prospect. However, formulating the plant extract is essential for commercial use of the botanical extracts. Therefore, scientific studies on tech-biochemistry of the extract are necessary. پرونده مقاله

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475 - تحول روابط بین‌الملل از خِرَدگرایی به تأمل‌گرایی و ظهور فرانظریه به مثابه متا- فیزیک نوین
سیدعلی منوری

چکیده مشهور است که چشم‌انداز تأمل‌گرا در روابط بین‌الملل معاصر، بازتاب‌ ‌دهندۀ امر اجتماعی/ معنایی است. از این منظر، چشم‌انداز مذکور با تأمل در باب فرایند نظریه‌پردازی، به تعهدات فرانظری معطوف شده است. نویسنده با روی آوردن به رویکرد فلسفی و بهره جستن از بصیرت‌های هوسرل چکیده کامل

چکیده مشهور است که چشم‌انداز تأمل‌گرا در روابط بین‌الملل معاصر، بازتاب‌ ‌دهندۀ امر اجتماعی/ معنایی است. از این منظر، چشم‌انداز مذکور با تأمل در باب فرایند نظریه‌پردازی، به تعهدات فرانظری معطوف شده است. نویسنده با روی آوردن به رویکرد فلسفی و بهره جستن از بصیرت‌های هوسرل و هَیدگر، به‌ویژه دو پنداشت نیّت‌مندی و زمان‌مندی، می‌کوشد با اتخاذ نگاهی انتقادی، فرانظریه روابط بین‌الملل معاصر را واسازد. استدلال نویسنده آن است که در تحول چشم‌اندازهای نظریه‌پردازی در روابط بین‌الملل، متا-فیزیک چشم‌انداز خِرَدگرا که مبتنی بر بازی بی‌پایان حاکمیت و آنارشی در نظام بین‌الملل آنارشیک متشکل از دولت‌های دارای حاکمیت بود، به متا- فیزیک چشم‌انداز تأمل‌گرا مبتنی برتأملات فرانظری با محوریت وجوه سه‌گانۀ هستی‌شناسی، معرفت‌شناسی و روش‌شناسی، تحول یافته است. فرضیۀ این مقاله، آن است که فرانظریه/ متا-فیزیک روابط بین‌الملل معاصر برای نظریه‌پرداز تعلیق شده و می‌توان به جای نظریه، به نظریه پرداز معطوف شد. نتیجه آنکه فهم نظریه‌پرداز از معنای روابط بین‌الملل معاصر، مشروط به اشتراک افق زمانی هستندگیِ وی در کنار دیگر انسان‌ها/ هستندگان بوده و تبعاً شناخت وی نیز از آنها خارج از این حیث زمانی نیست. در این پژوهش، گردآوری داده‌ها به روش کتابخانه‌ای انجام و روش تحیل محتوا برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شده است. پرونده مقاله

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476 - The Effect of Container Metaphor Awareness on Learning Phrasal Verbs by Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
شیما طاهری زهرا زارعی

10.30495/lct.2022.1951617.1056

Learning and comprehending phrasal verbs (PVs) is necessary for English writing and speaking especially for the EFL learners who like to speak like proficient speakers. This study used an experimental design to focus on the effect of ‘container metaphor awareness’, as a چکیده کامل

Learning and comprehending phrasal verbs (PVs) is necessary for English writing and speaking especially for the EFL learners who like to speak like proficient speakers. This study used an experimental design to focus on the effect of ‘container metaphor awareness’, as a recently developed technique with the focus on two particles (out and in), on learning phrasal verbs by Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this end, two groups of Iranian intermediate EFL learners were selected. They were homogeneous regarding their knowledge of English PVs. A pretest of phrasal verbs containing in and out particles was given to both groups. During a 5-week instruction, the PVs were taught to the control group with the traditional method through definition, examples, and sometimes translation and they were asked to memorize the PVs and their meanings. Meanwhile, PVs were presented to the experimental group by using images within videos prepared by the instructor to make their meanings concrete. After the instructional sessions, a posttest of target PVs was given to the participants of both groups in order to investigate their performance. The obtained results revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group. The findings of the study showed that teaching PVs based on container metaphor awareness could be more conducive to the learning and retention of PVs than the traditional method. Therefore, the application of container metaphor in teaching PVs can create an innovative method for teaching PVs in EFL contexts and facilitate PVs learning for EFL learners of English. پرونده مقاله

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477 - A Qualitative Study of Reciprocal Scaffolding Techniques on Iranian EFL Learners' Views via Language Management System (LMS)
مرضیه سبزواری ندا فاتحی راد مسعود تاج الدینی

10.30495/lct.2023.1988940.1090

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the effect of reciprocal scaffolding techniques in EFL classes on Iranian EFL learners’ views in a Language Management System (LMS) environment. In doing so, 32 pre-intermediate EFL students of a language institute in Ke چکیده کامل

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the effect of reciprocal scaffolding techniques in EFL classes on Iranian EFL learners’ views in a Language Management System (LMS) environment. In doing so, 32 pre-intermediate EFL students of a language institute in Kerman were selected based on a simple random sampling method. The data gathering tools included a homogeneity test and then related interviews. The participants received reciprocal-scaffolding techniques instruction in their online class via LMS. They practiced the teaching strategies which encouraged learners’ independence in the LMS environment. At the end of the course, the participants were interviewed based on the data saturation technique. The results of the interview analyzed the positive and negative views of EFL learners toward the use of these strategies in the LMS context. Findings indicated that the usage of reciprocal teaching and scaffolding and their integration offered greater learning chances in terms of additional learning resources in the context of the LMS. The final stages of RT scaffolding were related to the students’ independence and autonomy, so they could study the extra sources without getting help from the instructor. Totally, all factors resulted in high learners' satisfaction with the techniques. The study suggested some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and learners in using reciprocal scaffolding techniques in the EFL context. پرونده مقاله

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478 - Identity Construction and E-Learning: The Role of Virtual Teaching in EFL Learners’ Identity
آذر باقری مسعودزاده ندا فاتحی راد

10.30495/lct.2022.1950897.1052

The present study considered the role of E-learning in EFL learners’ identity construction. It specifically tried to highlight the extent that different aspects of students’ identity were constructed in the virtual teaching context. It also identified the mo چکیده کامل

The present study considered the role of E-learning in EFL learners’ identity construction. It specifically tried to highlight the extent that different aspects of students’ identity were constructed in the virtual teaching context. It also identified the most/least dominant types of identity construed in the E-learning context and explored the possible difference between male and female learners as far as E-learning identity is concerned. To achieve the objectives, the researcher adopted survey research as a quantitative method with a sample of 80 newcomer students of both genders. The study centered on the Internet via Adobe Connect Application for virtual classes. It is worthy to mention that participants of the study experienced E-learning during a term in the case of virtual education imposed by COVID-19. The data were collected through Aspect Identity Questionnaire (AIQ) and moved to SPSS software to be analyzed and interpreted. Results indicated that a high extent of language learning identity was achieved among the participants, and relational and collective identity types were identified as the most and least dominant ones in them, respectively. Moreover, findings of overall language learning identity presented no difference in both genders (male & female EFL learners). پرونده مقاله

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479 - Impact of Academic Self–Concept on Syntactic Complexity of Speaking Skill among Iranian EFL Learners
عاطفه نیکوبین

10.30495/lct.2022.1951401.1053

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of academic self–concept on the syntactic complexity of speaking skill among Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners. The sample consisted of 45 male and female students of the upper-intermediate level who چکیده کامل

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of academic self–concept on the syntactic complexity of speaking skill among Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners. The sample consisted of 45 male and female students of the upper-intermediate level who were learning English language in a private institute in Isfahan. In order to collect information about students’ academic self-concept, Liu and Wang’s (2005) academic self-concept scale was used. It consists of 20 items and responses are made on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. For speaking data collection, participants were asked to sit for speaking test (narrative story) and their speaking performances were recorded by a digital voice recorder for later transcription and analysis. Independent samples t test was conducted to find out if there were statistically significant differences between the high self-concept group and low self-concept group’s syntactic complexity in speaking. Results indicated that the former group significantly outperformed the latter on three measures of syntactic complexity including length of production units, measures of subordination, and degree of phrasal sophistication. On the measures of coordination, however, the results indicated that there were no significant differences between learners with high academic self-concept and learners with low academic self-concept. پرونده مقاله

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480 - A Comparison of EFL Learners’ Level of Satisfaction in Online Language Classes with Face-to-Face Classes: Challenges and Obstacles
مهدی رستمی راوری ندا فاتحی راد

10.30495/lct.2021.1941412.1044

AbstractThe present study explored EFL learners’ satisfaction with different aspects of the online learning context. Moreover, it tried to investigate learners’ attitude towards the challenges and obstacles of online learning. Also, the possible differences چکیده کامل

AbstractThe present study explored EFL learners’ satisfaction with different aspects of the online learning context. Moreover, it tried to investigate learners’ attitude towards the challenges and obstacles of online learning. Also, the possible differences between male and female learners' attitudes towards online learning contexts were assessed. To achieve this end, the researchers adopted survey research as a quantitative method with a sample of 75 intermediate students of both genders. It is worthy to mention that the participants of the study experienced online learning through Google Meet during a term. By the end of the term, the selected EFL learners were provided with two related questionnaires and they were asked to answer the items carefully. The first questionnaire explored EFL learners' satisfaction with online learning environment, and the second one investigated the participants' views on challenges and obstacles of such a context. The data were collected and moved to SPSS software and the outputs were discussed and represented. Based on the findings, the students indicated a high level of satisfaction with online learning. Additionally, the students' negative attitude was observed towards the challenges and obstacles of online contexts. Also, no difference was seen in the males’ and females' attitudes towards online learning contexts. پرونده مقاله

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481 - A Qualitative Study on Iranian EFL Teachers’ Strategies of Classroom Management: Focusing on Cultural Strategies
زهره جعفری لیلا انجم شعاع ندا فاتحی راد

10.30495/lct.2023.1994765.1097

The main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the strategies of classroom management for Iranian EFL teachers. To achieve this aim, 30 Iranian EFL teachers were selected through convenience sampling from some online groups of high school EFL teachers in WhatsApp چکیده کامل

The main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the strategies of classroom management for Iranian EFL teachers. To achieve this aim, 30 Iranian EFL teachers were selected through convenience sampling from some online groups of high school EFL teachers in WhatsApp or Telegram. Data collection was done via an open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. According to the results, many strategies were identified which are presented in the paper. The most important ones include using knowledge received through academic education, using personal experiences, managing students' needs, giving and receiving feedback from the class, teaching based on professional ethics, and considering cultural issues. Moreover, the results indicated that EFL teachers are required to resort to cultural strategies to convert classroom management knowledge resources into practical activities. The findings have some implications for EFL teacher education researchers, policymakers, curriculum developers, and teachers. More importantly, this study can be used in teacher preparation programs to prepare teachers for classroom management in the future. پرونده مقاله

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482 - The Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Reflective Thinking and Burnout Level in Universities and Schools
ابراهیم صفری

10.30495/lct.2022.1969403.1069

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ reflective thinking and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. As the main data collection instruments, the Reflective Thinking question چکیده کامل

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ reflective thinking and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. As the main data collection instruments, the Reflective Thinking questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were employed, which has also been validated for the Iranian population. Questionnaires were given to 178 EFL teachers who serve at Tehran and Ardabil universities and schools. The results showed a negative correlation between reflective thinking and burnout; teachers experienced relatively low burnout levels; their reflective thinking level was high. The results also revealed that university teachers experienced higher reflective thinking and lower burnout than school teachers. According to teachers’ workplace, the type of workplace affected reflective thinking in relation to the factor “ability to self-assess”. In the end, it was shown that when teachers’ reflective thinking increases, their burnout level decreases. The pedagogical implications of the results have been discussed. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

483 - Comparison of Iranian EFL Teachers at Public Schools and Private Language Schools: Critical Thinking Ability and Gender in Focus
مونس معصومی زاده شیما قبادی

10.30495/lct.2022.1971749.1071

Critical thinking (CT), a basic survival skill in this fast-paced and ever-changing world we live in, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Looking at the literature of studies, it can be clearly understood that an essential factor like gender has been ign چکیده کامل

Critical thinking (CT), a basic survival skill in this fast-paced and ever-changing world we live in, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Looking at the literature of studies, it can be clearly understood that an essential factor like gender has been ignored in the investigations conducted on CT. The present study examined the status of CT among Iranian EFL teachers and its relationship with gender in the private and public sectors. In other words, the study attempted to trace any difference between male and female EFL teachers in applying this vital skill. With these purposes in mind, 153 EFL teachers (male=57 and female=96) were selected according to a convenience sampling from 20 private language institutes and 20 public schools in Isfahan to participate in the study. The participants were requested to complete an eighty-item Watson-Glaser’s Critical Thinking Appraisal questionnaire. The findings indicated a poor status of CT among the teachers; also, it was revealed that males and females were not significantly different from one another in applying CT skills. However, the private sector apparently has provided a better context for the development of CT among EFL teachers. The conclusion and implications of the study were further discussed. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

484 - Impact of Using the STAD Model of Cooperative Learning on Autonomy and Attitude of Iranian Secondary School EFL Learners
ابوالحسن نطری

10.30495/lct.2023.1982919.1085

This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of cooperative learning on Iranian secondary school EFL learners’ Autonomy and attitude. To achieve the purpose of the study, 142 EFL students were selected based on their performance on the Oxford Quick Placem چکیده کامل

This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of cooperative learning on Iranian secondary school EFL learners’ Autonomy and attitude. To achieve the purpose of the study, 142 EFL students were selected based on their performance on the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). The students were divided into an experimental group receiving treatment through the STAD model of cooperative learning and a control group devoid of the stated treatment. To recognize the entry behaviors of the participants, pretests were run. The same educational content was taught to both EG and CG during an educational term. Furthermore, to disclose the effect of treatment, an autonomy posttest similar to the pretest but in rearranged order in options and items, and also an attitude posttest with the same characteristics were administered to the students in both groups at the end of the instruction. Moreover, the mean scores of autonomy and attitude questionnaires were compared via a one-way ANCOVA, and chi-square respectively. The outcomes showed the rejection of both null hypotheses consequently concluding that cooperative learning had a significant effect on the autonomy and attitude of Iranian EFL learners. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

485 - Assessing English Language Quality of EFL Students: Links to A Grounded Theory
فاطمه گرجی شهرام افراز فضل الله صمیمی

10.30495/lct.2023.699384

This qualitative study was an endeavor to assess English language quality of EFL students with linking to a grounded theory. To this aim, first 20 teachers working in a non-profit language institute were selected based on chain sampling or snowball sampling. Sampling co چکیده کامل

This qualitative study was an endeavor to assess English language quality of EFL students with linking to a grounded theory. To this aim, first 20 teachers working in a non-profit language institute were selected based on chain sampling or snowball sampling. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation and were interviewed. After extracting the components and indicators obtained from the analysis of interviews, a questionnaire was created to collect the necessary information and data to assess the quality of English language students. Then, a total number of 100 English language teachers teaching English in different levels of proficiency participated in this survey. According to the careful analysis, findings identified the main evaluating criteria for English language quality of Iranian EFL Learners as individual characteristics, learning strategy, individual characteristics, learning dynamics, educational technology, content setting, anxiety, weakness in learning, assessing knowledge/skills, positive evaluation, as well as individual and social consequences. Moreover, the most important ones with the highest distribution of category concepts among EFL learners referred to learning strategy (like to acquire language skills, spirit of competitiveness, spirit of collaboration, planning, cognitive development, employing group learning), individual characteristics (using peers' experiences, using the experiences of others, appropriate evaluation, giving desirable homework, eagerness to attend the class), and learning dynamics (innovative management, self-centered learning, having online learning, a positive learning context, access to up-to-date resources). The results can provide useful insight into curriculum development and improvement for seeking educational effectiveness in EFL setting. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

486 - Appraising Iranian EFL Learners’ Perceptions Towards the Teachers’ Implementation of Classroom Fairness: Focus on the Main Problems
مقداد صادقی واله جلالی ندا فاتحی راد

10.30495/lct.2023.1997560.1101

The current research tried to investigate Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions of teacher classroom fairness as well as the main problems of their teachers’ implementation of classroom fairness. In doing so, the present study used a qualitative procedure, and 3 چکیده کامل

The current research tried to investigate Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions of teacher classroom fairness as well as the main problems of their teachers’ implementation of classroom fairness. In doing so, the present study used a qualitative procedure, and 30 Iranian EFL learners at the intermediate level from different private language institutes participated in it. They were selected through available sampling from different virtual groups in WhatsApp or Telegram. This study benefited from two semi-structured interviews consisting of five open-ended questions, designed by the researchers. Data were gathered and analyzed through MAXQDA software. The results revealed EFL learners' perceptions of teacher classroom fairness included using the same techniques and extra teaching activities for all students, showing equal respect to all students, teacher's objectivity in grading, teacher's interacting with all students, obliging all students to observe the classroom rules, etc. Moreover, EFL learners' perceptions of the main problems of their teachers' implementation of classroom fairness were identified as time limitations, diversity of students' needs, differences in the socio-economic level of students and performance, mismatch between teachers and students, students' impoliteness, and inattention to morality. Findings can enrich the attitudes and activities of different groups of stakeholders in ELT, including policymakers, teacher educators, teacher education administrators, and curriculum developers. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

487 - Association between Suggestion Speech Act and Language Proficiency, Gender, and Verbal Intelligence among Iranian EFL Learners
سعید کریملو

10.30495/lct.2022.704493

This study was an attempt to investigate Iranian EFL learners’ use of suggestion speech acts concerning factors such as language proficiency, gender, and verbal intelligence. With this aim, 105 Iranian EFL learners participated in this study. A Discourse Completio چکیده کامل

This study was an attempt to investigate Iranian EFL learners’ use of suggestion speech acts concerning factors such as language proficiency, gender, and verbal intelligence. With this aim, 105 Iranian EFL learners participated in this study. A Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was used to produce data related to the suggestion forms utilized by the participants. Percentage and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that different language proficiency levels did not produce any significant difference in the production suggestion speech act. However, participants’ performance considering different gender reached statistical significance. Also, verbal intelligence proved to be a significant factor in using suggestion forms among Iranian EFL learners. پرونده مقاله

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488 - Integration of Foreign Culture in English Instruction: Iranian EFL Learners and Teachers' Views in Academic Context
آذر باقری مسعودزاده اکرم شکریان بهزادی

10.30495/lct.2023.1988993.1091

This study focused on the integration of foreign culture in English instruction in an academic context. More specifically, it analyzed the Iranian university EFL students' and teachers' views towards the integration of foreign culture in English instruction. Moreover, t چکیده کامل

This study focused on the integration of foreign culture in English instruction in an academic context. More specifically, it analyzed the Iranian university EFL students' and teachers' views towards the integration of foreign culture in English instruction. Moreover, the possible difference between the participants' views towards the integration of foreign cultures was assessed. In doing so, 30 English EFL university teachers and 40 B.A. students were selected from four universities in Kerman (Bahonar, Azad, Payame Noor, & Institute of Higher Education). In order to collect data, a related questionnaire developed by Han (2010) was employed to examine the participants' views. After completing the questionnaires, the acquired data were analyzed by conducting descriptive statistics and the t-test of two independent groups. The results emerged from data analysis indicated that a great percentage of students asserted that learning foreign cultures was significant for them. It was necessary for them to get information about the target culture and spend more time on it. The university teachers remarked the same views as learning foreign cultures was important for them. It was essential for them to provide information and to spend more time on foreign culture teaching. The results of the study revealed no significant difference between the participants' views towards the integration of foreign culture in English instruction. Findings will contribute to the theoretical research gap in the field of culture and foreign language teaching and can serve as a guide to lead teachers and learners to the desired cultural goals of a specific language course. پرونده مقاله

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489 - The Contribution of General Pragmatic and Pragmalinguistic Characteristics of Sarcasm to the Recognition of Online Sarcasm: A Qualitative Study
Zeynab Esmaeili Mohsen Shahrokhi Maryam Farnia

Sarcasm constitutes a main aspect of pragmatics. This study sought to identify the general pragmatic and pragmalinguistic characteristic of sarcasm that English native speakers and Iranian EFL/ESL learners draw on in the recognition of online sarcasm. In so doing, a qua چکیده کامل

Sarcasm constitutes a main aspect of pragmatics. This study sought to identify the general pragmatic and pragmalinguistic characteristic of sarcasm that English native speakers and Iranian EFL/ESL learners draw on in the recognition of online sarcasm. In so doing, a qualitative thematic analysis design was used. The participants consisted of three groups (each consisting of 9 members) 1. natives 2. EFL 3. ESL , they were selected through snowball sampling. To collect the required data, a semi-structured interview was utilized. To analyze the collected data, manual thematic analysis of the data gathered through the semi-structured interview was conducted. According to the results, the following pragmalinguistic characteristics of sarcasm that English native speakers and Iranian EFL/ESL learners draw on in the recognition of online sarcasm were identified in the interviews: Emoticon, hyperbole, laughing and exclamation marks, and positive wording. Moreover, the general pragmatic characteristics of sarcasm that English native speakers and Iranian EFL/ESL learners draw on (as documented by the interviews) in the recognition of online sarcasm were allusion to antecedent, insincerity, contradiction, negative attitude, and victim. The findings have some implications for policymakers, curriculum planners, material developers, EFL teachers and researchers. پرونده مقاله

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490 - Structural Equation Modeling to Assess the Relationship among Iranian EFL Teachers’ Creativity, Reflective Thinking, and Burnout Levels
ابراهیم صفری

10.30495/lct.2023.1995938.1098

This study investigated the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ creativity, reflective thinking, and burnout levels. Two hundred and eight teachers from different universities and schools were requested to answer three questionnaires, namely the English Langu چکیده کامل

This study investigated the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ creativity, reflective thinking, and burnout levels. Two hundred and eight teachers from different universities and schools were requested to answer three questionnaires, namely the English Language Teacher Creativity Scale, Reflective Thinking Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. To examine the hypothetical model of relationships, structural equation modeling was used. Results represented that there were significant internal correlations among all the latent variables and their subscales. Moreover, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that creativity strongly predicted reflective thinking, with creativity having more predictive power compared to burnout. It was also reported that all subscales of creativity and reflective thinking are statistically very relevant. On the other hand, burnout weakly predicted reflective thinking, with burnout having less predictive power than creativity. In total, there was a negative relation between creativity and burnout in which all their subscales were negatively correlated with each other. پرونده مقاله

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491 - The Relationship between Iranian English Learners’ Linguistic Intelligence and their Writing Ability, and Writing Assessment Criteria
موسی احمدیان سمانه حسینی

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT) specifies at least eight human intelligences, one of which is linguistic intelligence. Gardner (1983) also calls this intelligence the intelligence of words, since it is mainly concerned with written and spoken forms o چکیده کامل

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT) specifies at least eight human intelligences, one of which is linguistic intelligence. Gardner (1983) also calls this intelligence the intelligence of words, since it is mainly concerned with written and spoken forms of language. This new theory of intelligence which gives emphasis to learner variable has been used in language learning and teaching settings. The present paper studies possible relationship between L2 learners’ linguistic intelligence and their writing ability, and writing assessment criteria. 33 female homogeneous Persian speaking EFL learners participated in this study. The instruments used were the Multiple Intelligence Developmental Assessment Scales (MIDAS), designed by Shearer (1996), and the participants’ two writings. The linguistic intelligence index was taken from the MIDAS and the participants' average scores on two writing tasks were used as an index of writing products. The writings were scored based on Jacobs et al.’s scale of five criteria: content, organisation, language use, vocabulary, and mechanics. The correlational analysis of the results revealed a significant relationship between participants' linguistic intelligence and their performance on writing. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed that among all five criteria, vocabulary shows higher correlation with linguistic intelligence. Possible implications of the findings for language teaching and teaching writing will be discussed. پرونده مقاله

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492 - The Relationship between Intelligence and Foreign Language Learning, and the Role of Practice
Masoomeh Salehi Firooz Sadighi

This study investigates the relationship between intelligence and foreign language learning in general, and the learning of vocabulary and grammar in particular. It also investigates the effect of extra practice on foreign language learning on learners with equal intell چکیده کامل

This study investigates the relationship between intelligence and foreign language learning in general, and the learning of vocabulary and grammar in particular. It also investigates the effect of extra practice on foreign language learning on learners with equal intelligence. The participants were 182 high school students at grades two and three. They were given Raven’s Progressive Matrices, which is a test of general intelligence, and an achievement test of English based on their EFL textbook at school. The English test consisted of two subparts: vocabulary and grammar. Correlation coefficient was run on intelligence test scores and English test scores. The results showed a weak positive relationship between intelligence and foreign language learning, and learning of vocabulary and grammar. For investigating the effect of practice, some students who attended English classes and some of those who didn’t were chosen in a way that their mean intelligence score was equal. Then their mean English test score was calculated. The mean English test score of the students who attended English classes was significantly higher than those who didn’t. These results suggest that intelligence affects foreign language learning, but extra practice can offset the effect of intelligence. پرونده مقاله

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493 - The Effect of Output on Subsequent Input in EFL Contexts
مینا کاظم زاده سعید تاکی

10.30495/lct.2015.692312

This study sought to investigate the effect of output processing on subsequent input processing. To this end, a recall task was used to measure the effect of output on subsequent input processing. The participants were selected from learners of English as a foreign lang چکیده کامل

This study sought to investigate the effect of output processing on subsequent input processing. To this end, a recall task was used to measure the effect of output on subsequent input processing. The participants were selected from learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). They were homogeneous in terms of their language proficiency. The participants were assigned to two treatment groups: one output and one non-output. The output group went through three phases beginning with writing a story in English based on four cartoon pictures. Then, they read a model story describing these cartoon pictures. Finally, they were asked to recall the story in as much detail as possible. While the non-output group went through only the last two steps (input and recall). The results showed that when the participants produced the output and then received the input, they could recall the subsequent input better. پرونده مقاله

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494 - The Emotional Value of the Phrase ‘I love you’ for Iranian Bilinguals
علی جهانگرد شری هولدرید

Misunderstanding the emotionality of a word or an emotion-laden word used inaccurately or inappropriately might lead to pragmatically unwanted and embarrassing effects. The present study’s objective was to analyze the perception and use of the phrase ‘I love چکیده کامل

Misunderstanding the emotionality of a word or an emotion-laden word used inaccurately or inappropriately might lead to pragmatically unwanted and embarrassing effects. The present study’s objective was to analyze the perception and use of the phrase ‘I love you’ in Iranian bi/multilingual’s different languages. The aim was to identify if variables of sociobiographical, learning history, and social and linguistic context of L2 use affect the perceivedweight and use of this phrase. The research was conducted using both quantitative (statistical correlation) analysis and qualitative (open-ended questions) to investigate the research question. Twenty Iranian bi/multilingual participants answered an emotional language valuation questionnaire derived from a subsection of the Bilingualism and Emotion Questionnaire (BEQ) database. Our research found that there was no statistical association with the variables except language dominance. Furthermore, seventy percent of the participants reported feeling that ‘I love you’ had the greatest weight in their L1regardless of their age, gender, education level, whether they learned the L2 in a natural, instructed or mixed environment, the onset age of learning, even if they had a high degree of socialization and an extensive network of interlocutors in their L2. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

495 - EFL Reading Comprehension Questions in Iranian High School Books: A Critical Thinking Perspective
زهرا شارقی مجتبی مطلبی کیا

10.30495/lct.2015.692314

In line with the studies in EFL/ESL contexts confirming the positive relationship between critical thinking ability and reading comprehension, this study intended to investigate how frequently critical thinking was used in the questions of EFL reading comprehension in I چکیده کامل

In line with the studies in EFL/ESL contexts confirming the positive relationship between critical thinking ability and reading comprehension, this study intended to investigate how frequently critical thinking was used in the questions of EFL reading comprehension in Iranian high school books. To this end, Critical Reading Questions (CRQs), Vocabulary in Context (VIC), Literal Comprehension (LC), and Extended Reasoning (ER) were identified. The focus of the study was on ER questions, which lead to critical thinking. The reason was that the crucial problem of the students lies in textually implicit information in the texts. To classify the questions for CRQs, Petersonʼs (2008) model was employed, and to specify critical thinking question types, a framework proposed by Academic Skills Unit (2008) was used as reference. To collect the data, the researchers identified the total percentages and frequencies of questions related to the passages in English Books I, II, III, and Pre-University. The findings revealed very little attention to critical thinking within the objectives of the questions of Books I, II, and III. Fortunately, the Pre-University book could be helpful to provide the students with fruitful exercises which fostered the application of ER questions. This study highlights the need for raising researchers' and teachersʼ awareness of ER-based reading comprehension questions. پرونده مقاله

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496 - Engagement Markers: a Technique for Improving Writing Skills
Hamid Allami Haleh Serajfard

Writers use metadiscourse markers to create and maintain relationship with their readers, influencing them by addressing them directly in various ways. The present study aimed at exploring the use of engagement markers as related to the quality of texts produced by IELT چکیده کامل

Writers use metadiscourse markers to create and maintain relationship with their readers, influencing them by addressing them directly in various ways. The present study aimed at exploring the use of engagement markers as related to the quality of texts produced by IELTS student writers. To this end a quasi-experimental design was conducted through which 30 university level IELTS student writers were selected to comprise an experimental group which received instruction on the use of engagement markers. Another group of 30 students was selected to form the control group which received instruction on developing compositions only through a process method. The results indicate significant differences between the performance of experimental group and that of control group in terms of effectiveness of produced texts. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

497 - The Impact of Individual Age Differences on the Use of EFL Vocabulary Learning Strategies
زهرا شوشتری سمیرا حیاتی سامیان سعید خزایی

The present study intended to identify Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning strategy use and to find out any relationship between the learners' age and their vocabulary learning strategy use or vocabulary test performance. To that end, 60intermediate Iranian EFL le چکیده کامل

The present study intended to identify Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning strategy use and to find out any relationship between the learners' age and their vocabulary learning strategy use or vocabulary test performance. To that end, 60intermediate Iranian EFL learners, 25 males and 35 females, studying English at a well-known language institute were selected according to their performance on the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). Then, they were divided into 2 groups according to their age: teenagers and adults. Four instruments were used to collect the needed data, namely OPT, a vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire, a vocabulary test, and an interview. The vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire and the vocabulary test were administered in two consecutive sessions. The results indicated that both groups of learners used rote learning (RL) strategies more frequently than other categories of memory strategy, but there were some differences in their ordering of other subcategories of memory strategy. While there was a negative relationship between the teenagers' age and their vocabulary test performance, no relationship was found between the adults' age and their vocabulary test scores. Overall, the findings imply the need for classroom pedagogy to integrate strategy instruction for students of different age and proficiency levels. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

498 - Reflux condensation synthesis and characterization of Co3O4 nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications
M. Mohamed Jaffer Sadiq A. Samson Nesaraj

In this research work, we report a simple method called reflux condensation method for synthesizing Co3O4 nanoparticles using cheap chemicals such as, cobalt acetate (precursor salt), sodium monododecyl sulphate - SDS (surfactant) and N, N - Dimethylformamide - DMF (sol چکیده کامل

In this research work, we report a simple method called reflux condensation method for synthesizing Co3O4 nanoparticles using cheap chemicals such as, cobalt acetate (precursor salt), sodium monododecyl sulphate - SDS (surfactant) and N, N - Dimethylformamide - DMF (solvent). The prepared materials were heat treated at 200, 400, 600 and 800 oC for each 2 h to get phase pure product. The calcined nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, EDAX, FTIR Spectroscopy, Particle Size Analysis, SEM, UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV) and Photo Luminescence (PL) Spectroscopy techniques. The XRD data confirmed the presence of crystallization of Co3O4 nanoparticles as face-centered cubic (Fd3m) structure. The appearance of Co-O stretching vibration mode and bridging vibration of O-Co-O bond in the samples found out by FTIR spectroscopy. The particlulate and microstructural studies revealed the occurrence of nanoparticles in the samples. The atomic percentages of Co and O were found to be 42% and 58% in the sample. This energy band gap for the sample is found to be 5.6 eV. Photocatalytic degradation characteristics of methyl orange and Rhodamine B using Co3O4 nanoparticles were studied and reported. Among the two dye samples studied, methyl orange was found to be degraded effectively (76%) with Co3O4 nanoparticles in presence of UV-light after two hours of irradiation. پرونده مقاله

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499 - نقش جهانی‌شدن در توسعه فرهنگی شهر صنعتی اراک
حمیدرضا سلیمانی فرهاد امام جمعه

10.30495/uss.2021.686077

در دنیای متراکم و فشرده امروزی که هویت‌های دیجیتالی به یکدیگر واکنش آنی نشان می‌دهند؛ تفکر جهانی‌شدن و توسعه، می‌تواند ملاک‌های مهمی را برای بررسی میزان جهان‌بودگی و درک شهروندان از زیست‌بوم جهانیِ در حالِ تغییری باشد که به تبلور بازاندیشی و شکل گیری بازیگران جدید در سا چکیده کامل

در دنیای متراکم و فشرده امروزی که هویت‌های دیجیتالی به یکدیگر واکنش آنی نشان می‌دهند؛ تفکر جهانی‌شدن و توسعه، می‌تواند ملاک‌های مهمی را برای بررسی میزان جهان‌بودگی و درک شهروندان از زیست‌بوم جهانیِ در حالِ تغییری باشد که به تبلور بازاندیشی و شکل گیری بازیگران جدید در ساختار فرهنگی و اجتماعی انجامیده است. از این رو، وفاق و همدلی و مِیلِ به تعامل و مشارکت در دنیای متکثر فرهنگی و نگاه چند‌جانبه‌گرایی به خوبی این امکان را فراهم می‌سازند تا فرد و جامعه از استبداد و حس رقابت‌جویی خصمانه و جَزم‌گرایی افراطی بپرهیزند. این پژوهش با هدف دستیابی به نقش جهانی‌شدن در توسعه فرهنگی شهر اراک با بهره‌گیری از تئوری‌های رونالد رابرتسون و مانوئل کاستلز و استفاده از روش‌های کیفی و تکنیک دلفی و نیز روش کمّیِ پیمایشی و تکنیک پرسشنامه حاوی 26 گویه با شیوه نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای استفاده و پردازش داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار تخصصی آماری انجام شده است. نتایج آزمون پیرسون با اطمینان 99 درصد و سطح خطای کمتر از 1 درصد نشان داد که پاسخگویان در مجموع 9 فرضیه آزمون شده، نقش جهانی‌شدن در توسعه فرهنگی جامعه خود را تأیید نمودند. این مقاله نشان می‌دهد در شهر صنعتی اراک شاخص‌هایی چون: تکثُر فرهنگی، بازاندیشی جهانی و جهان‌بودگی وضعیت مناسب‌تری به نسبت وفاق، برخورداری و ابداع فرهنگی و همچنین فضا و مکان در فرایند‌های پویای جامعه شهری دارند. پرونده مقاله

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500 - تأثیر فضاهای شهری مدرن بر بازاندیشی هویت زنان با تأکید بر باغ ‌بانوان‌های شهر اصفهان
آسیه آقایی منصور حقیقتیان سید ناصر حجازی

این پژوهش به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر فضاهای شهری مدرن بر بازاندیشی هویت زنان طراحی شده است. ایده اصلی تحقیق از نظریه گیدنز استخراج شده که استفاده از مکان های جدید را بر گروه های مختلف جامعه مؤثر می داند. با توجه به این‌که باغ های زنان به‌تازگی در برخی از شهرهای ایران ازجمله چکیده کامل

این پژوهش به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر فضاهای شهری مدرن بر بازاندیشی هویت زنان طراحی شده است. ایده اصلی تحقیق از نظریه گیدنز استخراج شده که استفاده از مکان های جدید را بر گروه های مختلف جامعه مؤثر می داند. با توجه به این‌که باغ های زنان به‌تازگی در برخی از شهرهای ایران ازجمله اصفهان تأسیس شده‌اند به نظر می رسد که این فضاها می‌توانند بر بازاندیشی و هویت نوین زنان مؤثر باشند. در این پژوهش 330 نفر از زنان شهر اصفهان که طی یک دوره زمانی 120 روزه به باغ‌های این شهر مراجعه کرده‌اند به‌عنوان نمونه آماری از جامعه آماری شهر اصفهان انتخاب شده‌اند. شیوه نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای بوده و از میان باغ‌های واقع در محله های مختلف، 6 باغ انتخاب شده و پاسخگویان سپس از میان این باغ ها برگزیده شده اند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها شامل پرسشنامه ای بوده که توسط محقق طراحی شده و به وسیله شیوه های علمی، ارزیابی شدند که داده های نهایی حاکی از معناداری گویه ها و صحیح بودن نهایی پرسشنامه بوده است. داده های به دست آمده سپس با استفاده از آزمون های آماری مختلف از جمله معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شدند. یافته ها نشان داده اند که فضاهای نوین شهری تأثیرات مؤثری بر تغییر دیدگاه و بازاندیشی هویتی زنان داشته‌اند اگرچه این تغییرات به دلیل تازگی تأسیس باغ ها غالباً در حوزه نظری صورت گرفته و هنوز تا بروز تغییرات عملی ناشی از فضاهای نوین، راه زیادی در پیش است. پرونده مقاله

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501 - Multi-objective firefly optimization algorithm for construction site layout planning
Abolfazl Ghadiri داود صداقت شایگان علی اصغر امیرکاردوست

Safety importance on construction site layout plan is an essential requirement to improve construction project management. In previous studies the safety objective function is considered without risk factors analysis. Metaheuristics are widely used to solve construction چکیده کامل

Safety importance on construction site layout plan is an essential requirement to improve construction project management. In previous studies the safety objective function is considered without risk factors analysis. Metaheuristics are widely used to solve construction site layout problems (CSLP). Firefly Algorithm (FA) is employed as multi-objective optimization method to design and optimize two safety objective functions and total cost. Safety objective functions (due to potential risks arising from hazardous sources and interaction flows) connecting temporary facilities by considering total cost reduction. A case study is presented to find out accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, the performance of two metaheuristic algorithms called Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) are compared in terms of their effectiveness in resolving a practical construction site layout problem. Results show that the FA performs better than the ACO Algorithm. پرونده مقاله

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502 - Comparison of bioactive compounds and their antioxidant potentials of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. extracts obtained from different extraction methods.
Ehsan Karimi Hawa Z. E. Jaafar Pooyan MehrabanJoubani

10.30495/ijpp.2017.539077

Extraction methods are very important processes for separation of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants before analyses. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds include a broad variety of structures and functionalities that are required for the production of foods and food a چکیده کامل

Extraction methods are very important processes for separation of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants before analyses. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds include a broad variety of structures and functionalities that are required for the production of foods and food additives and there are different methods for the their extraction. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of leaf extracts from three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth (variety alata, pumila, and lanceolata) were investigated by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and reflux extraction methods. Furthermore, DPPH radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were applied to test the antioxidant activities. Results revealed that total phenolic (3.14, 3.03, 2.94 mg GAE g-1 DW) and flavonoid contents (2.08, 2.1, 1.85 mg Rutin g-1 DW) in the leaf extracts of Labisia pumila varieties alata, pumila, and lanceolata by MAE method were significantly higher than reflux extraction method, which was possibly responsible for the higher antioxidant activities in all three varieties of L. pumila Benth. These findings further illustrate that MAE has a bright prospect for extracting active ingredients from plant materials. پرونده مقاله

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503 - An Optimized Firefly Algorithm based on Cellular Learning Automata for Community Detection in Social Networks
Hasan Rabani Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh

The structure of the community is one of the important features of social networks. A community is a sub graph which nodes have a lot of connections to nodes of inside the community and have very few connections to nodes of outside the community. The objective of commun چکیده کامل

The structure of the community is one of the important features of social networks. A community is a sub graph which nodes have a lot of connections to nodes of inside the community and have very few connections to nodes of outside the community. The objective of community detection is to separate groups or communities that are linked more closely. In fact, community detection is the clustering of the network, and the community separates a graph. In recent years, public methods suffer from inefficiency because of the high complexity of time and the need for full access to graph information. In contrast, smart methods such as meta-heuristic algorithms, the use of low parameters and much less complex time complexity have been among the most popular methods in recent years. These methods have good features, but they still face problems such as dependence on finding the best point in search space, global updates, and poor quality due to the formation of large communities and others. In this paper, in order to improve the mentioned problems, a method is proposed based on combining the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Learning Automata (LA). In the proposed model, LA is used to increase the efficiency of the FA. Choosing the best neighbours for the FA agents is done using the LA. The results from the four datasets of Karate, Dolphins, Polbooks, and Football show that the proposed model has more Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) than other models. پرونده مقاله

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504 - A Hybrid Algorithm Based on Firefly Algorithm and Differential Evolution for Global Optimization
Sosan Sarbazfard Ahmad Jafarian

In this paper, a new and an eective combination of two metaheuristic algorithms, namely Fire y Algorithm and the Dierential evolution, has been proposed. This hybridization called as HFADE, consists of two phases of Dierential Evolution (DE) and Fire y Algorithm (FA) چکیده کامل

In this paper, a new and an eective combination of two metaheuristic algorithms, namely Fire y Algorithm and the Dierential evolution, has been proposed. This hybridization called as HFADE, consists of two phases of Dierential Evolution (DE) and Fire y Algorithm (FA). Fire y algorithm is the nature- inspired algorithm which has its roots in the light intensity attraction process of re y in the nature. Dierential evolution is an Evolutionary Algorithm that uses the evolutionary operators like selection, recombination and mutation. FA and DE together are eective and powerful algorithms but FA algorithm depends on random directions for search which led into retardation in nding the best solution and DE needs more iteration to nd proper solution. As a result, this proposed method has been designed to cover each algorithm deciencies so as to make them more suitable for optimization in real world domain. To obtain the required results, the experiment on a set of benchmark functions was performed and ndings showed that HFADE is a more preferable and eective method in solving the high-dimensional functions. پرونده مقاله

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505 - NMFA: Novel Modified FA algorithm Based On Firefly Recent Behaviors
Fatemeh Jafarnejad Rezaiyeh Kambiz Majidzadeh

The Firefly optimization algorithm (FA) is one of the practical nature-inspired metaheuristic approaches in 2008, which simulated the behavior of fireflies in the movement toward the light sources. Recent studies on this beautiful creature have revealed new behaviors th چکیده کامل

The Firefly optimization algorithm (FA) is one of the practical nature-inspired metaheuristic approaches in 2008, which simulated the behavior of fireflies in the movement toward the light sources. Recent studies on this beautiful creature have revealed new behaviors that strongly require us to review them. The proposed algorithm NMFA is the simulation results with the latest information from the behavior of fireflies. The NMFA is used for data clustering and optimization of continuous problems. The experimental results of the testing on optimization of 26 standard functions show that the proposed method works best in terms of success rate and convergence than the FA, HS, ABC, and IWO algorithms and makes an important and substantial difference in optimization. The non-parametric, statistical, and pairwise tests show the superiority of the modern firefly algorithm. The NMFA can cluster the datasets like the conventional K-means algorithm and obtain a significant result among the well-known methods. پرونده مقاله

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506 - Improving Reliability through Selecting Data in Grid Distributed System and Comparing it with Other Presented Algorithms
Sedigheh Navaezadeh Iman Zangeneh Elham Tavakol

In the past, one of the biggest problems requiring long and complicated computing was lack of appropriate software and hardware facilities in order to compute them in a proper and logical time. Due to this issue, sometimes, computing lasted for several days, months or y چکیده کامل

In the past, one of the biggest problems requiring long and complicated computing was lack of appropriate software and hardware facilities in order to compute them in a proper and logical time. Due to this issue, sometimes, computing lasted for several days, months or years. Therefore, computer science pioneers tried to find a solution for this problem. One of the ways was to present Grid computing. In order to present high-quality service, Grid integrated separate organizations, and represented virtual organization. In this study, we improved reliability by using iteration feature as well as distributing and duplicating resources. We considered and used the first nearest resource of the second nearest resource for duplication in order to place data. In addition, in this study, we compared our proposed method with other algorithms. پرونده مقاله

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507 - An Optimal Similarity Measure for Collaborative Filtering Using Firefly Algorithm
Fatemeh Shomalnasab Mehdi Sadeghzadeh Mansour Esmaeilpour

Recommender Systems (RS) provide personalized recommendation according to user need by analyzing behavior of users and gathering their information. One of the algorithms used in recommender systems is user-based Collaborative Filtering (CF) method. The idea is that if u چکیده کامل

Recommender Systems (RS) provide personalized recommendation according to user need by analyzing behavior of users and gathering their information. One of the algorithms used in recommender systems is user-based Collaborative Filtering (CF) method. The idea is that if users have similar preferences in the past, they will probably have similar preferences in the future. The important part of collaborative filtering algorithms is allocated to determine similarity between objects. Similarities between objects are classified to user-based similarity and item-based similarity. The most popular used similarity metrics in recommender systems are Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation, and Cosine similarity measure. Until now, little computation has been made for optimal similarity in collaborative filtering by researchers.For this reason, in thisresearch, weproposean optimal similaritymeasure via a simple linear combination of values and ratio of ratings for user-based collaborative filtering by use ofFireflyalgorithm; and we compare our experimental results with Pearson traditional similarity measure and optimal similarity measure based on genetic algorithm. Experimental results on real datasets show that proposed method not only improves recommendation accuracy significantly but also increases quality of prediction and recommendation performance. پرونده مقاله

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508 - تحلیل اثرات اجتماعی- اقتصادی گردشگری تجاری بر شهرهای مرزی (مطالعه موردی: شهرهای بانه وسردشت)
علی شماعی اسماعیل علی اکبری علی موحد علی احمدی

گردشگری تجاری فعالیتی است که در ادوار تاریخ اثرات متعددی بر اوضاع اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی شهرها داشته است. شهرهای مرزی به عنوان دروازه های مبادلاتی نقش مهمی در تجارت محلی و منطقه ای دارند و گردشگری تجاری می تواند نقش بسزایی در توسعه این مناطق ایفا کند. در سالهای اخیر ش چکیده کامل

گردشگری تجاری فعالیتی است که در ادوار تاریخ اثرات متعددی بر اوضاع اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی شهرها داشته است. شهرهای مرزی به عنوان دروازه های مبادلاتی نقش مهمی در تجارت محلی و منطقه ای دارند و گردشگری تجاری می تواند نقش بسزایی در توسعه این مناطق ایفا کند. در سالهای اخیر شهرهای بانه و سردشت علاوه بر تجارت مرزی به عنوان شهر گردشگری تجاری شناخته می شوند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثرات گردشگری تجاری بر وضعیت اقتصادی،اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر اساس ادراک کارشناسان ساکن در شهرهای مورد مطالعه است. تحقیق از نوع کمی و تحلیل آن با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی انجام شده است. با توجه به یافته ها و تحلیل مدل AHP مشخص شد که گردشگری در بعد اقتصادی باعث افزایش اشتغال مستقیم و غیرمستقیم افزایش درآمد ملک شده است. همچنین باعث رشد جمعیت ناشی از مهاجر پذیری و کاهش مهاجرفرستی شده است. در پی این تحولات و رشد گردشگری بر درآمد مردم افزوده شده است. همچنانکه از نتایج تحلیل AHP نیز مشاهده می شود افزایش درآمد در میان متغیرهای اقتصادی رتبه چهارم را داشته و درشهر سردشت وزن این متغیر 098/0 و در شهر بانه 102/0 می باشد. به منظور توسعه پایدار در ابعاد اقتصادی و اجتماعی می توان با اتخاذ سیاست ها و برنامه های مناسب گردشگری تجاری توسعه پایدار را محقق ساخت. پرونده مقاله

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509 - Life-History of the Predatory Mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), Carpoglyphus lactis Linnaeus (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Asghar Hosseininia Mohamad Khanjani Mahdieh Asadi Jalal Soltani

The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is one of the most common biological-control agent of different mites and insect pests, such as two-spotted spider mite and greenhouse whitefly. To evaluate A. swirskii potential role in controlling three pest specie چکیده کامل

The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is one of the most common biological-control agent of different mites and insect pests, such as two-spotted spider mite and greenhouse whitefly. To evaluate A. swirskii potential role in controlling three pest species, the present survey investigated the life history of this predatory mitewhen fed on eggs of Tetranychus urticae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Carpoglyphus lactis under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D). Results showed that the predator mite is able to feed and complete its development on the above mentioned pest species. The predator displays particularly high capacity for population growth when fed on T. urticae and C. lactis, therefore it be able to provide an effective control of these pests in the gardens and the greenhouses. When T. vaporariorum was fed, signiﬁcantly, increase in development and pre-oviposition times, and a reduction in oviposition period and fecundity were observed. In addition, the estimated life table parameters of A. swirskii including r, λ and R0 signiﬁcantly descended when the predator fed on the whitefly. Our results showed that this predatory mite has an effective ability as an effective biological control agent for T. urticae, C. lactis and T. vaporariorum in greenhouse. پرونده مقاله

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510 - اثر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی همراه با کاربرد سیلیسیم بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.)
حسن یحیی پور یوسف نیک‌نژاد

10.2./jpps.2023.706908

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات کودهای آلی و شیمیایی همراه با کاربرد سیلیکون بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.)، در مزرعه ای واقع در استان مازندران، شهرستان آمل طی سال 1401 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های چکیده کامل

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات کودهای آلی و شیمیایی همراه با کاربرد سیلیکون بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.)، در مزرعه ای واقع در استان مازندران، شهرستان آمل طی سال 1401 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل مصرف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی در چهار سطح (شاهد، کود دامی، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود شیمیایی) به عنوان عامل اصلی و کاربرد سیلیسیم در سه سطح (شاهد، سیلیکات پتاسیم و نانوسیلیس) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که یشترین صفات رشدی نظیر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گل در بوته و سطح برگ با کاربرد کود شیمیایی حاصل شد. حداکثر وزن خشک اندام گیاهی با مصرف کود شیمیایی حاصل شد اگرچه اختلاف معنی‌داری با کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست نداشت. بیشترین وزن خشک گل (429/3 گرم در متر مربع) با کاربرد کود شیمیایی حاصل شد که با مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست (417/3 گرم در متر مربع) اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. کاربرد هر دو منبع سیلیکون منجر به بهبود تعداد گل در بوته، سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل‌ها‌ در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید اگرچه کاربرد نانوسیلیکون اثرات بهبوددهندگی بالاتری در مقایسه با سیلیکات پتاسیم داشت. مصرف نانوسیلیکون به‌ترتیب موجب افزایش 9/6 و 7/4 درصدی وزن خشک گل در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد سیلیکون و کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم گردید. بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج مطالعه حاضر، کاربرد ورمی-کمپوست به عنوان جایگزین مناسب برای کودهای شیمیایی و استفاده از نانوسیلیکون جهت بهبود خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سرخارگل معرفی می‌گردد. پرونده مقاله

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511 - Solving Fractional Programming Problems based on Swarm Intelligence
Osama Abdel Raouf Ibrahim M. Hezam

This paper presents a new approach to solve Fractional Programming Problems (FPPs) based on two different Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms. The two algorithms are: Particle Swarm Optimization, and Firefly Algorithm. The two algorithms are tested using several FPP چکیده کامل

This paper presents a new approach to solve Fractional Programming Problems (FPPs) based on two different Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms. The two algorithms are: Particle Swarm Optimization, and Firefly Algorithm. The two algorithms are tested using several FPP benchmark examples and two selected industrial applications. The test aims to prove the capability of the SI algorithms to solve any type of FPPs. The solution results employing the SI algorithms are compared with a number of exact and metaheuristic solution methods used for handling FPPs. Swarm Intelligence can be denoted as an effective technique for solving linear or nonlinear, nondifferentiable fractional objective functions. Problems with an optimal solution at a finite point and an unbounded constraint set, can be solved using the proposed approach. Numerical examples are given to show the feasibility, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed algorithm. The results obtained using the two SI algorithms revealed the superiority of the proposed technique among others in computational time. A better accuracy was remarkably observed in the solution results of the industrial application problems. پرونده مقاله

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512 - A firefly algorithm for solving competitive location-design problem: a case study
Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Milad Gorji Ashtiani Reza Ramezanian Ahmad Makui

This paper aims at determining the optimal number of new facilities besides specifying both the optimal location and design level of them under the budget constraint in a competitive environment by a novel hybrid continuous and discrete firefly algorithm. A real-world a چکیده کامل

This paper aims at determining the optimal number of new facilities besides specifying both the optimal location and design level of them under the budget constraint in a competitive environment by a novel hybrid continuous and discrete firefly algorithm. A real-world application of locating new chain stores in the city of Tehran, Iran, is used and the results are analyzed. In addition, several examples have been solved to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm. The results demonstrate that the performed method provides good-quality results for the test problems. پرونده مقاله

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513 - Study of the effects of varying colours on industrial illumi-nation, human working and production model
B.L Salvi A Bhardwaj

In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the reflectance of various colours and effects of vary-ing colours on human working and production. Different colours have different reflectance and energy associ-ated with it. Colours play a significant role in the چکیده کامل

In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the reflectance of various colours and effects of vary-ing colours on human working and production. Different colours have different reflectance and energy associ-ated with it. Colours play a significant role in the colour scheme of the houses, offices, factories etc. The col-ours may be seen on walls, tabletops, equipment, machines etc. In the experiment, assembly shops of electric meter and plastic toys were selected for study. Four experiments were conducted with different colours and observations taken for eyestrain and production. The significant effects were noticed on the effects of colours. Colours not only improve the aesthetic value of the product or the facility, but also affect human working and hence, productivity. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

514 - Sensitivity Analysis of Mike21-BW Diffraction Model by using Breakwater Reflection Coefficient
H Rabiefar A Akbarpour M Pourlak

DHI-Mike Software is one of best softwares describing water wave diffraction in onshore/offshore concepts. Diffraction happens due to obstacles along wave direction and has an important role in designing structures. The scope of this study is to show the relation betwee چکیده کامل

DHI-Mike Software is one of best softwares describing water wave diffraction in onshore/offshore concepts. Diffraction happens due to obstacles along wave direction and has an important role in designing structures. The scope of this study is to show the relation between Porosity Coefficient and its effects on Diffraction Coefficient (Cd) by means of a suitable and verified numerical model. Porosity Coefficient is one of the breakwaters’ characteristics that describe the reflection quantity of the wave that influences on Diffraction Coefficient. This parameter determines the quantity of obstacles porosity and helps in implementing the sensitivity analysis. A calibrated Model helps as a suitable background to examine different Porosity Coefficients. Reputed "Wave Diffraction Diagrams" has been used for model calibration and will be discussed in detail in an appropriate section. It has been concluded that by increasing the Porosity Coefficient, wave height and Diffraction Coefficient increase. پرونده مقاله

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515 - Sociocultural Theory and Reading Comprehension: Hard vs. Soft Scaffolding effect on Reading Comprehension
Haleh Mojarrabi Biook Behnam Mahnaz Saeidi

This study aimed at surveying two types of scaffolding impact on reading skill performance of learners in Iranian EFL context. For this purpose, 60 Iranian intermediate EFL were selected out of 100 participants. A placement test was carried out and their performance cou چکیده کامل

This study aimed at surveying two types of scaffolding impact on reading skill performance of learners in Iranian EFL context. For this purpose, 60 Iranian intermediate EFL were selected out of 100 participants. A placement test was carried out and their performance could determine their level as intermediate. The selection was done randomly and they were set into three groups (two experimental and one control). Each group consisted of 20 learners. To check the homogeneity of the participant, a reading comprehension pre-test was administered and no significant difference was observed. The experimental groups received one of the designated treatments, hard or soft scaffolding which lasted for twenty sessions, but the control group got just usual classroom reading teaching. Eventually, their reading skill was evaluated through the use of a post -test of reading comprehension performance. The results of one-way ANOVA disclosed that hard scaffolding group exceeded the others and soft scaffolding group transcended the control group. The implications are being talked about regarding the effectiveness of hard and soft scaffolding to indicate whether they can enhance EFL learners' reading comprehension or not. This study could be useful to classroom teachers who wish to make a variation in their classrooms and to English learners as well. They can be better readers and help each other to work out the challenges of language learning. پرونده مقاله

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516 - Impact of class discussion feedback on the quality of extrovert and introvert language learners' written performance
Sahar Farrahi Avval Hassan Asadollahfam Bahram Behin

10.30495/ttlt.2022.1962638.2155

AbstractIn the present study, it was intended to investigate whether Iranian EFL learners with different personality types could benefit from corrective feedback(CF) or not. 317 EFL learners from 4 Institutes in Tabriz took the TOEFL test; 271 participants scored betwee چکیده کامل

AbstractIn the present study, it was intended to investigate whether Iranian EFL learners with different personality types could benefit from corrective feedback(CF) or not. 317 EFL learners from 4 Institutes in Tabriz took the TOEFL test; 271 participants scored between 477 and 510; the scores of 164 of them fell between ±1SD; 34 of them agreed to participate in the study and were asked to deliver a 200-word composition. Their compositions were analyzed based on CAF (complexity, accuracy, and fluency). Afterward, they were asked to answer the questions relating to the Extroversion-Introversion dimension to investigate their level of introversion. Then the participants were provided different types of corrective feedback through 10 class discussion sessions. After passing this period, they were asked to deliver another 200-word composition. This final composition was analyzed based on CAF again. The result showed that the text quality of the introverted language learners did not differ significantly from the text quality of the extroverted language learners.Keywords: Iranian EFL learners, personality types, CF, class discussion پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

517 - Implicit and Explicit Instruction of Reading Strategies and the Application of Metacognitive Strategies by Iranian EFL Freshmen Students
Marjan Mehrpour Mostafa Zamanian Firooz Sadighi Ehsan Hadipourfard

10.30495/ttlt.2023.707370

This quantitative research explores the implicit and explicit instruction of reading strategies and its connection through the application of metacognitive strategies by Iranian EFL students. To this purpose, 100 Iranian university freshmen, aged 20-35, studying at the چکیده کامل

This quantitative research explores the implicit and explicit instruction of reading strategies and its connection through the application of metacognitive strategies by Iranian EFL students. To this purpose, 100 Iranian university freshmen, aged 20-35, studying at the Marwdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, were selected as participants through a convenient sampling method, from a pool of 117 students. Then, the Key English Test (KET) was used to check their homogeneity. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was also used as a pre-test and post-test to specify the kind and occurrence sequence of learning strategies applied by the participants before and after the treatment. So, the participants were allotted to two experimental groups and received implicit and explicit instruction of reading strategies respectively. The results obtained from statistical data analysis showed that affective strategies were the very frequently-applied strategies, while memory strategies were the least frequently-applied strategies in the explicit group. It was also found that in the implicit group, cognitive strategies were the most frequently-applied strategies, while social strategies were the least frequently-applied strategies. These results have pedagogical implications for EFL teachers to use appropriate approaches in teaching reading strategies, that will ultimately help the students to develop more awareness and competence in reading comprehension. پرونده مقاله

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518 - Identity Construction of Iranian EFL Teachers: A Case Study
Hamid Reza Niknaghsh Mohammad Reza khodareza

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705460

Considering the importance of identity construction in learning situations, the current study aimed at exploring how language teachers in Iranian EFL context construct their language identity in their learning situation. It also focused on finding whether gender could h چکیده کامل

Considering the importance of identity construction in learning situations, the current study aimed at exploring how language teachers in Iranian EFL context construct their language identity in their learning situation. It also focused on finding whether gender could have significant role in the identity construction for language teachers. For this purpose, six EFL teachers at an English language institute, both male and female were invited to take part in the study. The researcher asked the participants to fill out Berzonsky’s (2010) identity construction questionnaire in order to descriptively analyze their answers. This questionnaire had 40 questions in a Likert-scale format. Analysis of the data showed that the participants had almost high perception for the informational style and commitment sections of the questionnaire but had an average perception for normative and diffuse-avoidant styles. The result of second research question showed that there was only a statistically significant difference between the male and female participants in their “informational style” components. پرونده مقاله

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519 - Relationship between EFL Teachers’ Efficacy and Productivity
آزاده قربان زاده Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Behzad Ghonsooly Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei

10.30495/ttlt.2023.699044

The present study investigated the association between teachers’ efficacy and productivity among EFL teachers of adolescent students. On this premise, eighty high school English teachers from 34 public high schools in Mashhad were selected out of 100 English teach چکیده کامل

The present study investigated the association between teachers’ efficacy and productivity among EFL teachers of adolescent students. On this premise, eighty high school English teachers from 34 public high schools in Mashhad were selected out of 100 English teachers through convenience sampling. Data were collected via two instruments, the Teachers’ Efficacy Questionnaire (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk, 2001), and the Teachers’ productivity Questionnaire (Hersey & Goldsmith, 1980). Subsequently, the data analyzed through the Pearson correlation and regression toward the mean analysis. The results of the correlation tests uncovered that there was a critical connection between EFL teachers’ efficacy and productivity. Furthermore, the results of simple regression analyses confirmed that teachers’ efficacy was a noteworthy predictor of their productivity. Thusly, in light of the results of assessing teachers’ perception, policymakers and professionals might have the option to cultivate teachers’ competency by planning and determining their future professional paths and provide a clearer perspective for their professional growth and development. پرونده مقاله

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520 - Effect of EFL Teachers’ Experience and Effectiveness on Their EFL Students’ Achievement
Maryam Ghaffari Mohammad Javad Riasati Mohammad Bagheri

10.30495/ttlt.2023.696884

This study examined the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their effectiveness on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English language institutes in Shiraz, Fars pr چکیده کامل

This study examined the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their effectiveness on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English language institutes in Shiraz, Fars province. The instruments to collect data were Oxford Quick Placement Test, Demographics, and Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, frequency analysis, independent samples t-test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings revealed teachers’ perceptions of effectiveness are related to their years of teaching experiences. It appeared that highly experienced teachers in this study perceived that their effectiveness positively influenced students’ achievement. Besides that, it is hoped that this study can also add more in-depth literature review in academia about the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ experience and their effectiveness) organization and communication skills, pedagogical knowledge, socio-affective skills, and English proficiency) on EFL students’ achievement. پرونده مقاله

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521 - Emotional Feelings of Iranian Novice and Experienced EFL Teachers Toward Colleagues, Educational Staff, Professional Networks and Student's Progress
Masoud Hashemi Peyman Rajabi Abbas Bayat

The purpose of this article was to study the emotional feelings of Iranian novice and experienced EFL teachers. A group of 63 experienced and novice language teachers (33 men and 19 women) were selected by a purposeful sampling from the statistical population (77 people چکیده کامل

The purpose of this article was to study the emotional feelings of Iranian novice and experienced EFL teachers. A group of 63 experienced and novice language teachers (33 men and 19 women) were selected by a purposeful sampling from the statistical population (77 people). The Persian version of the TES questionnaire was used to measure the emotional feelings of the participants toward their professional lives. About 80% of the novice teachers reported having the first stage of emotional feeling: fantasy. They described various fantasies about their students, the parents, and the school staff and the pleasant or unpleasant environments they think they will have in their future classrooms. This stage (unrealistic positivism) seemed quite pleasing to them since students and their parents respected them for their hard work, and no one wanted to misbehave. Moreover, 79% of novice teachers reported experiencing the "survival" stage, in which they fought for their professional identity and a sense of worth among students and colleagues, and 92 % reported a sense of failure when their students failed their classes. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

522 - A Case of Group-Reflection Training: Iranian In-Service EFL Teachers’ Belief and Performance Development
سجاد فتحی احمد محسنی حسین رحمن پناه

10.30495/ttlt.2022.1959745.2122

This study examines the effect of implementing group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ beliefs and performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehr چکیده کامل

This study examines the effect of implementing group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ beliefs and performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, 20 in-service EFL teachers participated in this study. All participants held a master's degree in TEFL. Teacher’s belief questionnaire, observation checklist, and Skype app were used as the instruments to collect data in this study. Before the training phase, the pre-test (observation checklist) was administered, and teachers’ previous teaching performance was evaluated and recorded by an expert supervisor (one of the researchers). Also, the teacher’s belief questionnaire was used by all the participants in this study to evaluate teachers’ assumptions about the efficacy of their teaching practice. The researchers utilized Skype App to instruct the participants in an online setting. During the training phase, participants were exposed to the group-reflection practice. The instruction was done in 16 sessions twice a week for two months. After the training phase, the post-test (observation checklist) was administered, and teachers’ teaching performance was evaluated and re-recorded. The teacher’s belief questionnaire was also utilized as the post-test. The data analysis indicated that implementing the principles of group-reflective instruction had a statistically significant effect on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ beliefs about their teaching efficacy and teaching performance development. The findings of the present study have some implications that can assist English language educators, EFL learners, students, language curriculum program policymakers, and syllabus designers. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

523 - Relationship between Reflective Teaching and Iranian EFL Learners’ Language Achievement
Farzaneh Abazari Behzad Ghonsooly Shahram Afraz

10.30495/ttlt.2023.703217

Language learning and achievement are related to the skills teachers practice and the presence of expert capability such as teachers’ reflectivity. The objective of the present study was to search the extent to which EFL teachers are involved in reflective instruc چکیده کامل

Language learning and achievement are related to the skills teachers practice and the presence of expert capability such as teachers’ reflectivity. The objective of the present study was to search the extent to which EFL teachers are involved in reflective instruction, and test the level of growing teachers’ awareness of reflective teaching which leads to students’ language achievement. Data were collected by the following instruments: a) a TOEFL test administered to 350 Iranian EFL students, b) reflective journals written by 120 Iranian EFL teachers, and c) Reflective Teaching Inventory. For the qualitative stage, 120 male and female EFL teachers from two language institutes in Kerman, the center of Iran, were selected through convenient sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After completing the treatment, a reflective teaching inventory as a post-test was given to the two groups to test the impact of the treatment. The results of the t-test indicated that the experimental group outdid the control group in taking advantage of reflective teaching components. This finding raises provocative questions regarding reflective teaching and teaching skills. پرونده مقاله

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524 - Relationship Between Linguistic Intelligence of EFL Learners and Their Performance on Grammar
Nasrin Garavand Akbar Azizifar Habib Gowhary Shahram Welidi

10.30495/ttlt.2023.703375

This study investigated the possible relationships between Linguistic Intelligence and Grammar Performance of English as a Foreign Language Learners. To this aim, 139 homogenous undergraduate male and female English language learners between 22 and 32 years old particip چکیده کامل

This study investigated the possible relationships between Linguistic Intelligence and Grammar Performance of English as a Foreign Language Learners. To this aim, 139 homogenous undergraduate male and female English language learners between 22 and 32 years old participated in this study. Participants had been studying English language programs at the University of Kohdasht. The instruments utilized in this study were the Multiple Intelligence Questionnaire (MIDAS) designed by Shearer in 1996 to value linguistic intelligence, and a grammar TOEFL test to measure grammar performance of the learners. Descriptive statistics and correlation indicated a statistically significant relationship between linguistic intelligence of the learners and their performance on grammar. The results of regression analysis revealed that linguistic intelligence was the best predictor of learners’ performance on grammar. The independent sample t-test also showed no significant differences between males and females with respect to linguistic intelligence of learners and their performance on grammar. The findings propose professional English teachers to investigate the function of individual differences such as linguistic intelligence in different steps of teaching and learning of grammar in classes and provide more effective activities to help language learners improve their performance on grammar. پرونده مقاله

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525 - A Qualitative Study of Language Assessment Literacy of Iranian EFL Teachers with TEFL and Non-TEFL Background and Challenges in Their Students’ Assessment
kaveh Jalilzadeh Sayyed Mohammad Alavi Masood Siyyari

10.30495/ttlt.2022.696885

The present study was an attempt to investigate language assessment literacy among EFL teachers inthe Iranian context aiming at studying the implications of assessment literacy for TEFL teacher educationreform. For this purpose, 20 EFL teachers in Iranian language insti چکیده کامل

The present study was an attempt to investigate language assessment literacy among EFL teachers inthe Iranian context aiming at studying the implications of assessment literacy for TEFL teacher educationreform. For this purpose, 20 EFL teachers in Iranian language institutes (Bayan, Azmoon, Zaban Sara,and Marefat institutes) were randomly picked for an extensive semi-structured examination. All themeetings were categorized and transcribed and after being analyzed, they were recorded on a DigitalVoice Recorder (DVR). The results revealed that Iranian instructors were found well-acquainted withassessment literacy components. Likewise, it turned out that novice teachers with a TEFL backgroundwere more aware of assessment literacy and its significance in teacher education. However, in termsof other assessment components such as test administration, selecting the best assessment methods,and communicating assessment results experienced teachers with a TEFL background presented moreto-the-point concepts compared to their counterparts in the non-TEFL group, indicating that theteachers with a TEFL background could perceive the aforementioned teacher assessment literacycomponents better than their non-TEFL counterpart. The findings imply that EFL language instituteinstructors` literacy in educational assessment particularly in especially in communicating assessmentresults to others and valid grading of the learners’ assessment is found insufficient. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

526 - Reflective Teaching and Practice Skills: Correlation between EFL Teachers’ Reflection and Students’ Practice
Farzaneh Abazari Behzad Ghonsooly Shahram Afraz

10.30495/ttlt.2023.707367

Language learning and achievement are related to the skills teachers practice and the presence of expert capability such as teachers’ reflectivity. The objective of the present study was to search the extent to which EFL teachers are involved in reflective instruc چکیده کامل

Language learning and achievement are related to the skills teachers practice and the presence of expert capability such as teachers’ reflectivity. The objective of the present study was to search the extent to which EFL teachers are involved in reflective instruction and test the level of growing teachers’ awareness of reflective teaching which leads to students’ language achievement. Data were collected by the following instruments: a) a TOEFL test administered to 350 Iranian EFL students, b) reflective journals written by 120 Iranian EFL teachers, and c) a Reflective Teaching Inventory. For the qualitative stage, 120 male and female EFL teachers from two language institutes in Kerman, the center of Iran, were selected through convenient sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After completing the treatment, a reflective teaching inventory as a post-test was given to the two groups to test the impact of the treatment. The results of the t-test indicated that the experimental group outdid the control group in taking advantage of reflective teaching components. This finding raises provocative questions regarding reflective teaching and teaching skills. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

527 - Designing Criteria for Evaluating the English Language Quality of Iranian EFL Learners: Teachers’ Perceptions and Attitudes in Focus
Fatemeh Gorji Shahram Afraz Fazlolah Samimi

10.30495/ttlt.2023.699066

This study designed and validated criteria to evaluate the English language quality of Iranian EFL learners to provide information about the foreign language learning and teaching systems and to improve the quality standards in Iran. the method of this research is descr چکیده کامل

This study designed and validated criteria to evaluate the English language quality of Iranian EFL learners to provide information about the foreign language learning and teaching systems and to improve the quality standards in Iran. the method of this research is descriptive exploratory type. The statistical population of this research includes 20 experienced teachers working at different levels (primary, intermediate & advanced) in a non-profit language institute (Safir Language Institute) in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran. Sampling was performed theoretically using chain sampling or snowball sampling. In this study, the process of analyzing the data obtained from the interviews was performed in three coding steps (open, axial, and selective) which were performed consecutively, the interviews were collected and analyzed and coded line by line using version 10 of qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA). Results showed that the most important Criteria for Evaluating the English Language Quality of Iranian EFL Learners are learning strategy, individual characteristics, learning dynamics, educational technology, content setting, anxiety and low self-esteem, weaknesses in learning, positive evaluation, negative evaluation, assess knowledge and skills, individual consequences, social consequences, cultural implications, economic consequences, and political consequences. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

528 - The Effect of Instruction of Formulaic Language on Writing Ability of Intermediate EFL Learners
Shaban Najafi Karimi Morteza Rahimi Yeganeh امیر Marzban

Formulaic language is one of the important areas in language education. In recent years, research about some language aspects and elements such as formulaic language and chunks have become one of the more impressive and operative parts of applied linguistics and second چکیده کامل

Formulaic language is one of the important areas in language education. In recent years, research about some language aspects and elements such as formulaic language and chunks have become one of the more impressive and operative parts of applied linguistics and second language learning/teaching. In writing skill, the lack of proper use of FL in real or display writing simply distinguishes non-native from natives. Therefore, we applied formulaic language in individualistic and collaborative writing classrooms. The results revealed that the instruction of formulaic language has statistically significant effect (F (2, 56) = 12.341, p < 0.05, η2 = .306). However, the difference between the experimental groups was not statistically significant. This study is helpful for writing teachers who want to increase the performance of their language learners. Also, the result of this study may be helpful for textbook developers, curriculum designers, and policy makers.Also, the result of this study may be helpful for textbook developers, curriculum designers, and policy makers. پرونده مقاله

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529 - Exploring the Interplay among Stroke, Strictness, and Teacher Success from EFL Teachers’ Perspective: A Mixed-Methods Study
Reza Afsharpour Ghasem Barani Seyyed Hassan Seyyed Rezaei Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei

10.30495/ttlt.2024.706672

This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the interplay among stroke, strictness, and teacher success from Iranian male and female EFL teachers’ points of view. This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. In the present study, 420 EFL teac چکیده کامل

This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the interplay among stroke, strictness, and teacher success from Iranian male and female EFL teachers’ points of view. This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. In the present study, 420 EFL teachers, 200 males and 220 females, participated based on convenience sampling. For collecting the quantitative data, three questionnaires were employed. From the sample of the study, 50 EFL teachers (25 male and 25 female) were interviewed on teacher stroke and teacher strictness. The intended variables' relationships were examined using the Pearson product-moment correlation formula, and thematic analysis (TA) was applied to analyze the qualitative data. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between female and male teachers' success and stroke, and there is also a significant relationship between female and male teachers' success and strictness. The qualitative findings indicated that the male and female teachers adopted a positive view toward strictness and stroke as the teachers behaviors in the class in which complement the quantitative findings. At the end of the paper, the implications of the study were presented. پرونده مقاله

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530 - EFL Students’ Perceptions of Discussion-based Activities by Using Mobile Phone Technology
Tahereh Khezrab Reza Raissi ندا Hedayat

10.30495/ttlt.2023.707372

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, people helped each other to change conditions in theirsocial lives to be alive. During these periods, the educational system followed some ways to changethe pedagogical methods to present instructional assistance with the use of s چکیده کامل

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, people helped each other to change conditions in theirsocial lives to be alive. During these periods, the educational system followed some ways to changethe pedagogical methods to present instructional assistance with the use of some mobile devices. Concerningthis necessity, the priority of launching online education was high on the agenda in Iran andthroughout the world. Regarding this condition, the most available device for every student to receivethis type of instruction was a mobile phone set. Thus, the present study was to find the Iranian EFLuniversity students' perceptions of the use of mobile phone technologies for online discussion-basedactivities. In this qualitative study, the researchers used convenience sampling, and out of 99 Lawstudents from two Iranian universities, 10 students were selected as participants. To obtain therequired data, semi-structured interviews were held with participants to find the objective of thisstudy. Qualitative results for semi-structured interviews demonstrated that Islamic Azad Universitystudents reflected their interest in conducting comparative or discussion-based translation activities todevelop reading comprehension skills of legal texts based on cooperative and collaborative readingstrategies in online discussion classes. The findings of the study can be useful for administrativeexecutives in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology to revise their curriculum, universityteachers to use the results of the study in their syllabuses and EFL university students in differentfields of study, particularly Law students, to use the findings in their learning procedure based ononline discussion-based instruction and use of mobile phone technologies پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

531 - Quantitative Research Literacy Among Iranian EFL Teachers at Different Levels of Education: Revelations for Policy Makers and Program Developers
Alireza Zaker

10.30495/ttlt.2023.1997807.2399

ELT practitioners are expected to adopt the role of reflective practitioners, engaging in a thorough and analytical examination of their teaching practice. This is achieved through the undertaking of research, with systematic research being recognized as a crucial endea چکیده کامل

ELT practitioners are expected to adopt the role of reflective practitioners, engaging in a thorough and analytical examination of their teaching practice. This is achieved through the undertaking of research, with systematic research being recognized as a crucial endeavor in implementing reflectivity within the ELT field. Concurrently with the proliferation of several novel problems and methodologies in the realm of research within ELT contexts, the act of conducting research in ELT has evolved into a multifaceted endeavor. The data for this study were gathered from 717 EFL instructors, consisting of 581 females (81%) and 136 males (19%). The participants included individuals with B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees, with an average age of 25. The Quantitative Research Literacy (QRL) questionnaire, developed by Zaker and Nosratinia (2021), was utilized as the primary instrument for data collection. The utilization of the non-parametric Welch's ANOVA test and the Games-Howell post-hoc technique revealed a statistically significant disparity in the mean score on the QRL measure across participants with Ph.D., M.A., and B.A. degrees. Specifically, Ph.D. level participants exhibited a notably higher average score compared to both M.A. level and B.A. level players. Additionally, upon conducting a Welch's ANOVA and subsequently applying the Games-Howell post-hoc procedure, it was observed that the participants exhibited the highest level of proficiency in developing research topic knowledge. Conversely, the participants displayed the lowest level of knowledge in the area of data analysis. This study finishes by engaging in a comprehensive discussion of the findings and providing some recommendations. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

532 - The Effect of Strategy Training of Speech Acts of Request and Apology on Developing Iranian EFL Learners “Pragmatic Performance and Critical Thinking”
Parisa Bazaei بهرام مولایی Massood Yazdanimoghaddam

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705432

Since requesting happens in a circumstance of imbalance, the speaker ought to continuously respect the principles of politeness without consideration to the question of their request. This study investigated the effect of strategy training of speech acts of asking and s چکیده کامل

Since requesting happens in a circumstance of imbalance, the speaker ought to continuously respect the principles of politeness without consideration to the question of their request. This study investigated the effect of strategy training of speech acts of asking and statements of regret on developing Iranian EFL learners’ pragmatic performance and critical thinking. According to the nature of the treatment, it was decided to select the participants who had not had enough language exposure at the language institute before the study. For this, before conducting an Oxford English Test (OPT), it was expected to select those whose scores would fall between one standard deviation (+1SD) above the mean and one standard deviation (-1SD) below the mean as the cut-off criterion. Finally, 80 out of 114 Iranian EFL male and female learners from six language classes in intermediate level of proficiency were chosen. Next, they were divided randomly into two experimental and control groups (20 males and 20 females, for each group). A mixed-method design was utilized; the qualitative data collected via interview was used to triangulate the quantitative data collected. The data were investigated by two skilled raters, specified in applied linguistics to recognize the effectiveness of strategy training of request and apology speech acts. The data were keyed into the SPSS. 22. The finding showed that there was an important positive consequence of strategy training of speech act of request on developing Iranian EFL learners’ pragmatic performance. A meaningful relationship was found between critical thinking and pragmatic performance. پرونده مقاله

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533 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Beliefs in English Language Institutes and Universities
Mojtaba Moradi Rahman Sahragard Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705433

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL teachers regarding their ethical beliefs at Iranian English language institutes and universities. To this end, first, the grounded theory method was used to conduct some interviews with 40 EFL teachers (20 male, 20 female). They چکیده کامل

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL teachers regarding their ethical beliefs at Iranian English language institutes and universities. To this end, first, the grounded theory method was used to conduct some interviews with 40 EFL teachers (20 male, 20 female). They were randomly selected from about 140 teachers working at institutes and universities in Fars province, Iran. After coding the obtained data, some categories were recognized, a model was designed, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The results confirmed the existence of social, collaborative, emotional, and managerial impacts. Then, a questionnaire was designed and developed based on grounded theory procedures, literature results, and the results of the qualitative studies. 140 EFL teachers filled it out and then the collected data underwent both descriptive and inferential statistics. The obtained results indicated that there was a significant difference between teachers regarding their ethical beliefs in universities and institutes. Moreover, it was revealed that the male and female teachers were significantly different. The mean scores of the female teachers and the male ones are 79.2500 and 75.2500 respectively. The findings of the current study can be useful for teachers, educators, teacher trainers, policymakers, and evaluators to make appropriate decisions and judgments. پرونده مقاله

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534 - The Role of Vision Ignition in Enhancing Motivated Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior of ADHD Adolescents Involved in Online English Learning
امیر ارسلان شریفی حسین حیدری تبریزی عزیزه چالاک

Learners with ADHD, even those adapted to online instructional regulations, readily become frustrated with the typical tenor of instruction and, as a result, may stray from the core learning content. The current mixed-method study explored how manipulating these learner چکیده کامل

Learners with ADHD, even those adapted to online instructional regulations, readily become frustrated with the typical tenor of instruction and, as a result, may stray from the core learning content. The current mixed-method study explored how manipulating these learners into envisaging their ideal L2 selves could avoid motivational pitfalls in their way to L2 learning, affecting their motivated cognition, emotion, and behavior. Based on the motivational paradigm proposed by You and Dörnyei (2014), a multifaceted construct, including the future L2 selves, L2 learning experience, and intended effort, was compared between an experimental and a control group of Iranian EFL learners. The control group only received regular language instruction, whereas the experimental one, along with this instruction, was exposed to a supplementary vision ignition intervention. The comparison of the multifaceted construct, measured by a standard Likert-scale questionnaire, revealed significant between-group differences in the overall motivational construct and the ideal L2 self. Nonetheless, the significant raises in the learners’ overall motivation and cognitive motivation failed to be reflected significantly in their emotional states and motivated behavior. Further analysis of the affective and behavioral components through interview and checklist data revealed that the intervention achieved some success in improving the short-lived learning experiences of the learners and helping them invest more time and effort in language learning. The findings may offer new insights to the broad range of practitioners and specialists eager to help learners with neurodevelopmental disabilities cultivate motivational drives required to meet educational success in today’s remotely-managed globe. پرونده مقاله

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535 - A Transformational Shift through Pedagogical Translanguaging: English Language Teaching and the Content of Courses
Mohammad Iman Askari Mahsa Ranjbar

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705457

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and considerable reliance on virtual education and communication, the language acquisition contexts are focusing on the transformational shift in pedagogies applying multilingual communicative capacities like ‘translanguaging’. P چکیده کامل

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and considerable reliance on virtual education and communication, the language acquisition contexts are focusing on the transformational shift in pedagogies applying multilingual communicative capacities like ‘translanguaging’. Perhaps the best academic resources to explore about the issue are translation-oriented courses taught through typical teaching strategies in academic English programs. The issue led to reinforcement of considering pedagogical translanguaging within English Language Teaching (ELT) context among EFL learners who attend the related courses of the ELT programs focusing on translation skills. Thus, a sequential explanatory mixed design was selected to study the possible transformation resulted by translanguaging among EFL learners and teachers in the current study. As the pedagogical implications of the study, it is possible to declare that translanguaging within EFL context is considered as an influential strategy in helping teachers and learners to benefit from bilingual capacities in providing and understanding the content of courses. The issue also emphasizes on the transformational shift among the scholars and experts of the EFL context to have a new look over the role of translation, as an interactive code-switching procedure between First Language (L1) and Second Language (L2), which is not banning the language learners’ linguistic repertoire application. پرونده مقاله

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536 - TOEFL iBT Integrated and Independent Writing Tasks: Iranian Test Takers' Performance in Focus
Farah Shooraki Hossein Barati Ahmad Moinzadeh

This study aimed to compare the performance of international and Iranian test takers on TOEFL iBT integrated and independent writing tasks. The international test takers' data were provided by TOEFL organizer: Educational Testing Service (ETS). This included a tota چکیده کامل

This study aimed to compare the performance of international and Iranian test takers on TOEFL iBT integrated and independent writing tasks. The international test takers' data were provided by TOEFL organizer: Educational Testing Service (ETS). This included a total of number of 4916 samples for both integrated and independent tasks. A paired sample t-test showed the international test takers significantly outperformed on the independent task. Further, a sample of 100 integrated and independent writing tasks produced by international test takers was randomly selected through systematic sampling, and compared with 96 counterparts written by Iranian TOEFL iBT test takers. Although the difference between Iranian and International test takers was not significant, the paired sample t-test on Iranian samples per se showed that they too outperformed on the independent writing tasks. Although the difference between Iranian and International test takers was not significant, the paired sample t-test on Iranian samples per se showed that they too outperformed on the independent writing tasks. پرونده مقاله

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537 - Perception of General Pragmatic Characteristics of Online Sarcasm among Iranian EFL/ESL Learners and English Native Speakers
Zeinab Esmaeili Mohsen Shahrokhi Maryam Farnia

10.30495/ttlt.2023.707335

This study sought to identify the general pragmatic characteristic of sarcasm that English native speakers and Iranian EFL/ESL learners draw on in the recognition of online sarcasm. In so doing, a Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data for subs چکیده کامل

This study sought to identify the general pragmatic characteristic of sarcasm that English native speakers and Iranian EFL/ESL learners draw on in the recognition of online sarcasm. In so doing, a Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data for subsequent analysis; also, qualitative thematic analysis was done on the data collected through a semi-structured interview. The participants consisted of three groups of EFL and ESL learners as well as native English speakers (each consisting of 9 members) who were selected through snowball sampling at BA or MA degrees. The findings indicated that the total frequency uses of pragmatic characteristics were significantly different among the three groups. Moreover, the results revealed that, among other pragmatic characteristics, Victim, Insincerity, Antecedent, and Negative Attitude, have a more statistically significant contribution to the recognition of online sarcasm. The study bears implications for policymakers, curriculum planners, material developers, EFL/ESL teachers, and researchers. پرونده مقاله

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538 - The Role of Self-Efficacy Instruction in EFL Teachers’ Professional Development: A Mixed-Method Study
Mohammad Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein Yousefi Asghar Salimi

The aim of the present mixed-method study is investigating the role of SE instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ PD. To do so, 30 EFL teachers and 150 of their students in different high schools in Zanjan, Iran were selected as the participan چکیده کامل

The aim of the present mixed-method study is investigating the role of SE instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ PD. To do so, 30 EFL teachers and 150 of their students in different high schools in Zanjan, Iran were selected as the participants of the study. The convenience (availability) sampling procedure was used to select the participants. The students were asked to fill out the the teachers’ PD survey, and the questionnaire of SE was filled out by the teachers as the pretest. Then, the teachers received in-service training for SE with a specified syllabus. At the end of the training period, which lasted 5 sessions in a 1.5-month course, the students completed the teachers’ PD survey, and the teachers filled out the SE questionnaire again as the posttest. To analyze the results of the questionnaires as the quantitative data, a paired-samples t-test was employed. In the qualitative phase, an in-depth interview was held with the 30 teachers concerning their ideas towards the effects of SE instruction on their PD, and the collected data was analyzed through content analysis technique. The findings of the study revealed that the EFL teachers’ SE significantly affected their PD based on the results of the questionnaires and in-depth interviews. پرونده مقاله

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539 - The Comparative Effect of Authoritative vs. Facilitative Virtual Intervention Models on the Development of Second Language Speaking Components of Iranian EFL Learners
Zohreh Darabi Nasim Shangarffam Ahmad Mohseni

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705942

This study investigated the comparative effect of authoritative vs. facilitative virtual intervention models on the development of second language speaking components of Iranian EFL Learners. The study participants were 60 intermediate male and female EFL learners at Im چکیده کامل

This study investigated the comparative effect of authoritative vs. facilitative virtual intervention models on the development of second language speaking components of Iranian EFL Learners. The study participants were 60 intermediate male and female EFL learners at Imam Reza University in Mashhad who were selected out of the total number of 80 participants taking a standard Preliminary English Test (PET) as a language proficiency test. Subsequently, the participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups and received a standard speaking pretest. Next, one experimental group received authoritative intervention and the other one received facilitative intervention. After ten sessions of treatment, the speaking section of another version of PET, as the posttests, was given to the participants. Finally, the learners took part in a semi-structured interview. The use of SPSS examined the quantitative data, and the outcomes were examined through a series of t-tests and MANOVA. The results of quantitative analyses revealed that Facilitative Intervention (FI) model was more effective than the Authoritative Intervention (AI) for the L2 speaking development of Iranian EFL learners. Another point of variance was concentrating on the grammatical accuracy in measuring L2 speaking. For the AI group, grammatical errors and pronunciation were more important, whereas for the FI group, pronunciation and lexical resources were more central, followed by discourse management and interactive communication. پرونده مقاله

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540 - Development of a Validated Model for English Learners’ Cultural Identity: Using Their Perceptions and Attitudes
Sharareh Ebrahimi

10.30495/ttlt.2023.703381

Knowing a language and communicating with the speakers of that language require learning about the culture of the native speakers of that language. The aim of this study was to develop a validated model of cultural identity among Iranian English learners. Initially, it چکیده کامل

Knowing a language and communicating with the speakers of that language require learning about the culture of the native speakers of that language. The aim of this study was to develop a validated model of cultural identity among Iranian English learners. Initially, it was attempted to determine different factors of cultural identity based on the learners’ perceptions about cultural identity to develop a model. Thus, 20 EFL learners studying at Safir English language institute in Tehran, Iran were interviewed about their cultural identity and their attitudes were recorded. Considering qualitative phase, a close inspection of the responses of these learners in the interviews and going through three stages of open, axial and selective coding, four factors including “religion, culture, nationality, and language” were extracted. After that, a questionnaire indicating factors of cultural identity was constructed. In the quantitative phase, the questionnaire went through an exploratory factor analysis for the sake of validity and after a pilot study with 183 learners, 384 EFL learners filled it out. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was also run through LISREL 8.8. to confirm that the proposed model enjoyed validity for future research by running a confirmatory factor analysis and the model of cultural identity was developed. The findings of this study can make English teachers and materials developers aware of these important findings to be prepared to help the learners with possible challenges in English classes. پرونده مقاله

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541 - Validating a Motivation Theory Model among Iranian Kurdish and Azerbaijani EFL Learners Using Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Faran Rasoulian Fazlollah Samimi Shahram Afraz

10.30495/ttlt.2021.1947303.2056

This study intended to develop a model of motivating factors to learn English among Iranian Kurdish and Azerbaijani EFL learners. For this purpose, at first, an endeavor was made to discover motivation factors and validate a model. Therefore, in the qualitative phase, a چکیده کامل

This study intended to develop a model of motivating factors to learn English among Iranian Kurdish and Azerbaijani EFL learners. For this purpose, at first, an endeavor was made to discover motivation factors and validate a model. Therefore, in the qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview was done with 18 Azerbaijani interviewees (in the Azerbaijan University of Tabriz) and 18 Kurdish ones (in the Kurdistan University of Sanandaj) and 6 participants of focus group from each ethnic group to brainstorm their ideas. After discovering seven EFL motivating factors with 29 categories, a questionnaire was made which reflected the factors. In the quantitative phase, the 80-item questionnaire underwent an exploratory factor analysis to test validity, and after the confirmation of its validity and reliability through a pilot study with 234 participants, the questionnaire was distributed among 320 EFL participants. To corroborate the validity of the proposed model, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used with LISREL 8.8. Eventually, confirmatory factor analysis was run and the model of motivating factors was developed with three factors related more to Azerbaijani students leading to integrative motivation and four for Kurdish students making instrumental motivation. The emerged model is helpful for policymakers of education and teachers caring about better English instruction. پرونده مقاله

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542 - Impact of Fully-Immersive Teaching vs. Conventional Communicative Language Teaching on the Articulation Skills of EFL Learners With Expressive Language Disorder
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee

10.30495/ttlt.2023.1992982.2372

Based on the tenets of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Fully-Immersive Teaching (FIT) vs. conventional communicative language teaching on the articulation abilities of Iranian EFL learners diagno چکیده کامل

Based on the tenets of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Fully-Immersive Teaching (FIT) vs. conventional communicative language teaching on the articulation abilities of Iranian EFL learners diagnosed with Expressive Language Disorder (ELD). Purposively choosing 36 Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners who had mild to moderate levels of ELD, we used a quasi-Solomon four-group design and separated them into two experimental and two control groups. The intervention included twenty sessions of seventy minutes each and comprised of eighty microlearning speech exercises that were developed in VR by FIT. The participants in the control group were given instruction based on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), which is an approach to language education. Both the OQPT and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-III) were used in this study's pre-testing and post-testing procedures. The results showed that individuals who were instructed in accordance with FIT performed better than their colleagues who had been subjected to CLT in terms of articulation abilities. These skills included expressive vocabulary, oral word fluency, and sentence repeats. TEFL, therapeutic education, cognitive speech therapy, and instructional technology might all stand to gain from the outcomes. پرونده مقاله

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543 - A Genre-Based Model for EFL Learners’ Summary writing and learners’ attitudes towards it: A Mixed Methods Study
Elnaz Shoari Nader Assadi Hanieh Davatgari Asl

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673887

Research findings on teaching of language learning strategies found that summarizing is of tremendous role in learning in general, and in reading comprehension in particular. Due to its importance and also due in large to the fact that there wasn’t a comprehensive چکیده کامل

Research findings on teaching of language learning strategies found that summarizing is of tremendous role in learning in general, and in reading comprehension in particular. Due to its importance and also due in large to the fact that there wasn’t a comprehensive way of summarizing the current study tried to provide an inclusive genre -based model for text summarizing, and examine its effectiveness in a mixed-methods study which lasted for one academic semester. The results of the quantitative phase revealed that the experimental group outperformed in the posttest. It can be said that the effectiveness of the Genre-based model is principally due to its role in increasing the learners’ structural awareness, namely in supporting them in finding out the schematic structure of texts and eradicating the insignificant parts. In the qualitative phase the researcher designed a questionnaire and found out attitudes of the learners towards the model. The results exposed that learners had positive attitudes towards the genre-based model of summary development. Through making use of the model they have an effective tool for taking the gist of texts out of them, and make connections with what they already know. پرونده مقاله

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544 - Computer-Based Dynamic Assessment of EFL Learners’ Writing Performance: Evidence from Both Cognitive and Emotive Domains
Solmaz MovahedFar Gholam-Reza Abbasian Alireza Ameri

10.30495/ttlt.2022.692048

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of computer-based dynamic assessment (CBDA) on Iranian EFL learners’ performance in writing and their attitude towards CBDA. To do so, 60 intermediate EFL learners were chosen out of 120 EFL learners bas چکیده کامل

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of computer-based dynamic assessment (CBDA) on Iranian EFL learners’ performance in writing and their attitude towards CBDA. To do so, 60 intermediate EFL learners were chosen out of 120 EFL learners based on their performance on the Nelson Language Proficiency Test. Next, they were randomly divided into two equal groups; CBDA as the experimental group and a control group. Based on a pretest and posttest design, group-specific writing instruction followed by an attitude questionnaire was conducted. The experimental group underwent CBDA while the control group was exposed to the conventional writing skill instruction. The pertinent parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses indicated both significant differences between the CBDA and control groups on developing writing performance, on the one hand, and positive attitude towards CBDA, on the other. The study’s findings suggest that teaching and assessing writing skills through a computer can improve students’ performance in writing. Alongside its theoretical contributions to the field, it may assure the practitioners of the cognitive and emotive applicability and efficacy of CBDA in EFL settings in general and in teaching writing skills in particular. پرونده مقاله

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545 - Critical Thinking Ability and Vocabulary Learning Strategy Use: The Case of EFL Learners in an ESL Context
Noushin Boroushaki Ng Lee-Luan

Critical thinking is considered important in the field of education due to its possible effects on language learning. Therefore, the reasons behind the success and failure of language learners have provoked researchers to examine different aspects of the language learni چکیده کامل

Critical thinking is considered important in the field of education due to its possible effects on language learning. Therefore, the reasons behind the success and failure of language learners have provoked researchers to examine different aspects of the language learning process. Moreover, improving learners’ critical thinking ability in the course of learning will enable students to rely on their own decisions and thoughts regarding the strategies and techniques that they would want to employ in learning the language. This paper reports the findings from a mixed-method study of 75 postgraduate students’ critical thinking ability and vocabulary learning strategy use, as well as comparing the critical thinking score of proficient and less proficient students. Data were collected using Schmitt’s vocabulary learning strategies question- naire, California critical thinking skills test and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed a statisti- cally significant relationship between learners’ critical thinking ability and vocabulary learning strategies. پرونده مقاله

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546 - Effects of Scaffolded and Explicit Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners' Use of Articles in Oral Productions
Lotfollah Samaee احسان رسایی محمد بوالی

10.30495/ttlt.2021.679442

This study aims to explore and compare the impacts of scaffolded and explicit feedback on Iranian EFL learners' correct use of articles in oral productions. To this end, 45 intermediate female EFL learners in three intact classes in a language institute in Behbahan, Ira چکیده کامل

This study aims to explore and compare the impacts of scaffolded and explicit feedback on Iranian EFL learners' correct use of articles in oral productions. To this end, 45 intermediate female EFL learners in three intact classes in a language institute in Behbahan, Iran were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups of scaffolded and explicit and one control group. The research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design in the form of a pretest, treatment, posttest, and delayed posttest. While the two experimental groups received either scaffolded or explicit feedback treatment, the control group received no feedback on their errors in the use of articles. The find- ings revealed that the EFL learners in the scaffolded CF and explicit groups outperformed those of the control group concerning the accurate use of both definite and indefinite articles in their oral productions. The implications of the results are also explicated. پرونده مقاله

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547 - Prediction of English Language Proficiency Level Using Multiple Intelligences Theory and Critical Thinking Skills
Zahra Shahrabi Sayyed Mohammad Alavi

The present study investigated the possible relationships between multiple intelligences, critical thinking and language proficiency level of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants of the study included 117 intermediate young - adult EFL le چکیده کامل

The present study investigated the possible relationships between multiple intelligences, critical thinking and language proficiency level of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants of the study included 117 intermediate young - adult EFL learners from ILI language i n- st i tute in Tehran, Iran. The participants were invited to complete MIDAS and Critical thinking que s- tionnaires. To assess the parti cipants’ English language proficiency, they were also asked to take a version of PET test. The results of the Pearson correlations showed that there was a meaningful rel a- tionship between multiple intelligences and critical thinking. A meaningful relations hip was also found between the multiple intelligences and the English language proficiency level as well as the critical thinking and the English language proficiency level of Iranian EFL learners. In addition, the results of the multiple regression showed that both multiple intelligences and critical thinking could predict 45.2% of the English language proficiency level of EFL learners. Our findings also indicated that the multiple intelligences and the critical thinking had a significant contribution to p redict the English language proficiency level of Iranian EFL learners. پرونده مقاله

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548 - Iranian TOEFL iBT and the IELTS Teachers’ Views on the Structure of the TOEFL iBT and IELTS Receptive and Productive Sections in terms of Dynamic and Static Assessment
Arezoo Daneshvar Mohammad Bagheri فیروز صدیقی Lotfollah Yarmohammadi Mortaza Yamini

10.30495/ttlt.2020.679016

This mixed-methods design study investigated Iranian TOEFL iBT and IELTS teachers’ views on thestructure of the TOEFL iBT and IELTS receptive and productive sections from the yardsticks of dynamicand static assessment. It also examined the conformity level of the چکیده کامل

This mixed-methods design study investigated Iranian TOEFL iBT and IELTS teachers’ views on thestructure of the TOEFL iBT and IELTS receptive and productive sections from the yardsticks of dynamicand static assessment. It also examined the conformity level of the receptive and productive sections ofTOEFL iBT and IELTS to dynamic assessment and static assessment standards. To achieve the objectivesof the study, 100 information-rich TOEFL iBT and IELTS teachers selected based on purposive andsnowball sampling completed two 8-item researcher-made questionnaires on the underlying features ofthese exams. To cross-validate the quantitative results, we performed semi-structured interviews with 10informed teachers selected through purposive sampling from among the questionnaire respondents. Thesemi-structured data were content analyzed using a researcher-made framework categorizing thedistinctive dynamic assessment and static assessment features. The results of the qualitative phasecorroborated those of the quantitative part revealing that these exams mainly conform to static assessmenttenets and that they enjoy only a few dynamic assessment features. The pedagogical implications of thefindings are also explicated. پرونده مقاله

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549 - An investigation into the relationship between EFL teachers’ and students’ multiple intelligences and teaching styles
Yoones Taase Adnan Satariyan Bronwyn Reynolds Hamid Salimi Ahmad Mohseni

Abstract The present study investigates the relationship between multiple intelligences and teaching styles of Eng-lish as Foreign Language (EFL) learners and teachers. The participants of the study included 106 EFL teachers and 400 EFL learners. Teachers were invited t چکیده کامل

Abstract The present study investigates the relationship between multiple intelligences and teaching styles of Eng-lish as Foreign Language (EFL) learners and teachers. The participants of the study included 106 EFL teachers and 400 EFL learners. Teachers were invited to complete a Multiple Intelligences Inventory for EFL Teachers, developed by Christison (1998) and a Thinking Styles Inventory in Teaching, developed by Grigorenko and Sternberg (1993). The students were also asked to complete Student-Generated Inven-tory for Secondary Level and Young Adult Learners, which was developed by Christison (1996; 1998). The results of the descriptive statistics showed that EFL teachers and students preferred the interaction of different kinds of multiple intelligences and teaching styles in the classroom. Pearson correlation, three-way ANOVA and Multivariate ANOVA further illustrated that there was a significant relationship be-tween EFL teachers’ multiple intelligences and the styles of teaching. Factors such as age, field of study and gender, however, did not have any significant effect on multiple intelligences and teaching styles of EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله

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550 - Toward the Development of a Model of Political and Socio-Economic Factors Impacting the Motivation of Iranian EFL learners to Learn English
Naser salehi Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo

The present study was an attempt to identify a model of the political and socio-economic factors influencing Iranian EFL learners’ motivation to learn English. To achieve this goal, 20 EFL learners studying at the Iran Language Institute in Darab, Iran were invite چکیده کامل

The present study was an attempt to identify a model of the political and socio-economic factors influencing Iranian EFL learners’ motivation to learn English. To achieve this goal, 20 EFL learners studying at the Iran Language Institute in Darab, Iran were invited for an interview session and a questionnaire was then designed based on the interview findings. Piloted testing of the survey was conducted among 221 EFL learners. Exploratory factor analysis was then run to identify the underlying factors and as a result, eight factors proved to have high loadings. Subsequently, the final 26-item questionnaire was distributed among 375 EFL learners and they were asked to rate the items on a Likert scale. Analyzing responses revealed the most influencing factor as ‘emigration’ and the least important one as ‘attitudes toward English and its utilitarian values’. To confirm the factor structure of the instrument, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The goodness of fit measures was utilized to see whether the proposed model fitted the data. The obtained fit indices including GFI, RMSEA, SRMR, NFI, Chi-square/df proved to be acceptable suggesting the fit of the model. پرونده مقاله

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551 - Developing Refletivity in EFL Teachers through a Three-dimensional Reflective Model (3DRM)
Faezeh Fatehi Ghahfarokhi Ahmad Mohseni Massood Yazdanimoghaddam Alireza Ameri

10.30495/ttlt.2021.679443

Teacher education programs, and more specifically practicum courses, play a vital role in pre-service teachers’ lives since these programs are opportunities for them to get perspective on the reality of their future career. With no doubt, the most important object چکیده کامل

Teacher education programs, and more specifically practicum courses, play a vital role in pre-service teachers’ lives since these programs are opportunities for them to get perspective on the reality of their future career. With no doubt, the most important objective of any teacher education courses is to help teachers become reflective. That is why there have been numerous studies to investigate the effect of ref- lectivity on teachers’ success and to propose methods and technique to enhance this skill. This study pro- poses a three-dimensional reflectivity model considering three different aspects of a teaching context. These interwoven factors are pedagogical, psychological, and socio-cultural aspects. These aspects are extracted from a semi-structured interview with 21 experts. Testing this model on group of student- teachers and analyzing their teaching portfolios both qualitatively and quantitatively reveals that applying the model in designing the tasks and projects of teacher education programs can increase teachers’ reflec- tivity and give them insight into how to deal with any shortcomings in their future classes. This model can reshape the teacher education programs and provide the student-teachers with an opportunity to practice something more than pedagogical concerns in these courses. پرونده مقاله

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552 - Investigating a Systematic Approach to the Promotion of EFL Learners’ Autonomy
Hossein Rahmanpanah Zia Tajeddin

Abstract Autonomy is the ability to take charge of one’s own learning. However, this ability is not inborn and must be acquired by formal instruction (Holec, 1981). Therefore, to offer a systematic approach to the devel-opment of learner autonomy in language learn چکیده کامل

Abstract Autonomy is the ability to take charge of one’s own learning. However, this ability is not inborn and must be acquired by formal instruction (Holec, 1981). Therefore, to offer a systematic approach to the devel-opment of learner autonomy in language learning process, Benson (2001) argues that learner autonomy is described in terms of learners’ control over the three dimensions of learning management, cognitive pro-cesses, and learning content. However, developing learner autonomy through systematic instruction has received little attention in EFL context. To bridge this gap, this study aims to provide experimental sup-port for the impact of applying Benson’s (2001) three-level model of learner autonomy on fostering au-tonomy among EFL learners. To this aim, the data were collected and analyzed from a group (N=40) of English as a foreign language learners, doing their bachelor’s degree. The results indicated that autonomy subscale was greater after the completion of instructional intervention. Besides, further investigation pro-vided evidence on the fact that autonomy is not an all-or-nothing concept as the learners reached "inter-vention level" of degrees to learner autonomy. In total, this study suggests that each dimension of auton-omy in language learning should be developed separately, although many researchers often attach more importance to one level of control than others. پرونده مقاله

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553 - A Summary Writing Model Based on Van Dijk’s Concept of Macrostructure and its Application within the Genre-Based Approach
Elnaz shoari Nader Assadi Aidinlou Hanieh Davatgari Asl

This study was an attempt to provide a comprehensive model for summary writing based on the model of Van Dijk’s concept of macrostructures. The effectiveness of the model was examined in a genre-based quasi-experimental study with the data collection procedure las چکیده کامل

This study was an attempt to provide a comprehensive model for summary writing based on the model of Van Dijk’s concept of macrostructures. The effectiveness of the model was examined in a genre-based quasi-experimental study with the data collection procedure lasting a semester. The participants included 60 female English learners divided into two experimental and control groups. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the posttest which was mainly due to the potential role the treatment had in increasing the learners’ structural awareness in order to help them find the most important parts of the texts, i.e. those relating to the main idea of the text and disregard the less relevant ones. The results of this study contributed to the understanding of the genre-based model and that English learners could get the essence of a given text by only understanding the gist and comprehending some sentences in a text. English learners could realize that all of the words and sentences in a text have a responsibility of conveying a particular message and that there is no need to memorize or remember every individual information in a text. پرونده مقاله

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554 - Washbacked Teacher-Learner’s Academic Behavior (the case of Iranian EFL MA Preparatory Course)
Gholam-Reza Abbasian Ardalan Moghimeslam

The effect of test on teachers, students, and their classroom behaviors has ever been amenable to scholarly studies. To explore such an effect, 20 professors offering MA TEFL preparation courses and 30 candidates received PLSP and APALS inventories. Paired-sample t-test چکیده کامل

The effect of test on teachers, students, and their classroom behaviors has ever been amenable to scholarly studies. To explore such an effect, 20 professors offering MA TEFL preparation courses and 30 candidates received PLSP and APALS inventories. Paired-sample t-tests revealed significant differences. However, the respective componential multivariate ANOVA revealed non-significant and significant differences among the components of the styles and maxims, respectively. The teacher’s teaching styles and maxims were significantly affected in the light of washback. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant correlation among the components like: classroom conduct, facilitation, and agenda. Contrary to the hypotheses made, the results of the similar analyses (t-test, componential multivariate ANOVA and correlation coefficients) run as to the learners’ learning styles showed drastically opposite results; meaning that neither the styles as a whole nor their componential individual sub-styles showed to have been significantly washback-determined. These contradictory findings may be attributed to reflective orientations among the teachers. پرونده مقاله

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555 - Direct and Semi-Direct Validation: Test Takers’ Perceptions, Evaluations and Anxiety towards Speaking Module of an English Proficiency Test
Houman Bijani Mona Khabiri

This research study employed a mixed-methods approach to investigate the test takers’ perceptions and anx- iety in relation to an English language proficiency test called Community English Program (CEP). This study also evaluated the direct and semi-direct modes f چکیده کامل

This research study employed a mixed-methods approach to investigate the test takers’ perceptions and anx- iety in relation to an English language proficiency test called Community English Program (CEP). This study also evaluated the direct and semi-direct modes for speaking module of this test. To this end, 300 Eng- lish as Foreign Language (EFL) students were recruited in the study as test takers. They were invited to take the CEP speaking test using five tasks of Description, Narration, Summarization, Role-play and Exposition in both direct and semi-direct test modes. Their perceptions and evaluations of both test modes, through questionnaires, interviews and observations were examined. The results of the factor analysis revealed that test takers’ evaluations of both direct and semi-direct speaking modes were quite similar, yet not exactly identical. On the other hand, although test takers’ anxiety was shown influential, the findings showed that the most determining factor in test takers’ oral performance was their capability level. Capability level was the main reason why some test takers out-performed the others. The findings also demonstrated that test difficulty identification was complex, difficult and at the same time multidimensional. The quantitative re- sults displayed that the raters were scoring speaking performances differently; the qualitative results also provided logic for the reasons of these differences on the side of the test takers. Finally, the impact of test takers’ gender differences on their perceptions was found nonsignificant. پرونده مقاله

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556 - Perceptions of Iranian EFL Learners towards Learning Language through Computers: An Investigation on the TOEFL (Paper and Computer Based) Test
Adnan Satariyan

Computer technology has influenced the realm of language teaching and testing so drastically that no language teaching program could be imagined nowadays without the use digitized software and mul- timedia. This study aims at investigating Iranian EFL learners' performa چکیده کامل

Computer technology has influenced the realm of language teaching and testing so drastically that no language teaching program could be imagined nowadays without the use digitized software and mul- timedia. This study aims at investigating Iranian EFL learners' performance on paper-based test com- pared with their performance on computer-based test while considering their attitudes towards the computer and learning language through computer. The sample selected for this study consisted of 205 Iranian male and female EFL learners, having been selected randomly from some language insti- tutes and colleges, their age ranging from 17 to 27 years. To materialize the objectives of the study, the researchers used three research instruments: a test in two versions, a questionnaire and an inter- view. The Objective Placement Test (one computer-based and the other paper-based) including, lis- tening, reading and language use was given to participants in two separate administrations. The for- mat of the computer-based version of the test was designed by the researchers so that it could be the same as that of the paper-based version and could have the same level of practicality. The question- naire was based on Min (1998), designed to measure the participants' attitudes towards the computer in general and computer-based language learning in particular. To confirm the questionnaire data, an interview was also randomly conducted with 20 learners. It was found that Iranian EFL learners are mostly exposed to paper-based tests. The findings revealed that although learners showed positive attitude towards computer-based tests and digitized language learning, they performed better on the paper-based test than on the computer-based test. پرونده مقاله

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557 - The Effect of Computer Anxiety and Computer Self-Efficacy on Iranian EFL Learners’ Performance in the Speaking Section of the TOEFL iBT
Khadijeh Sangi Bahram Bagheri

Over the last few years, role of computers has become a controversial issue in language learning. This study was designed to examine the impact of computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy on the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT test taken by Intermediate EFL learner چکیده کامل

Over the last few years, role of computers has become a controversial issue in language learning. This study was designed to examine the impact of computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy on the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT test taken by Intermediate EFL learners. The researchers intended to find out, which var- iable i.e. computer anxiety and/or self-efficacy would result in better performance in speaking section of the TOEFL iBT. Independent-Samples t-test and ANOVA were run to analyze the data. The results of the study demonstrated that computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy significantly affected the perfor- mance of Iranian EFL learners. Computer anxiety and self-efficacy, however, function differently. The computer self-efficacy was more effective on Iranian EFL learners’ performance in the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT. پرونده مقاله

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558 - Measuring EFL Teachers’ Assessment Identity: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire
Qotboddin Jan-nesar Moqaddam Hossein Khodabakhshzadeh Khalil Motallebzadeh Gholam Hassan Khajavy

10.30495/ttlt.2021.679444

This paper investigated the quantitative phase of an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The main purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Teachers‟ Assessment Identity (TAI) question- naire based on the dimensions and factors found in the first pa چکیده کامل

This paper investigated the quantitative phase of an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The main purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Teachers‟ Assessment Identity (TAI) question- naire based on the dimensions and factors found in the first part of the study. The extracted factors from interviews along with the theoretical framework formed the basis for the generation of the pool of items, which later reduced to 46 items for eventual inclusion in TAI questionnaire. This initial draft of the scale was revised and re-worded based on the comments offered by assessment experts and teachers. The de- signed questionnaire was then distributed to 384 EFL teachers. Normality and reliability of data were measured using SPSS. Construct validity of the designed scale was assessed through CFA with AMOS 24. The results derived from the statistical analysis indicated that TAI questionnaire had a good model- data fit, and the factor loadings and reliability values were at a satisfactory level. The findings showed that the Teachers‟ Assessment Identity (TAI) questionnaire contained three dimensions i.e. assessing as- sessment literacy, dispositions, and contextual factors. This questionnaire could be used as a valid and reliable scale for teachers as assessors. پرونده مقاله

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559 - The Effect of Instructing Speaking Strategies Used by Successful EFL Learners on Unsuccessful Learners’ Speaking Improvement in Iran
Massood Yazdani Moghadam Rahele Najaf Elahi

Over the recent years, the study of language learning strategies has received much attention worldwide in general, and in Iran in particular. Many scholars have tried to investigate the function of language learning strategies in EFL learning and teaching. Not enough at چکیده کامل

Over the recent years, the study of language learning strategies has received much attention worldwide in general, and in Iran in particular. Many scholars have tried to investigate the function of language learning strategies in EFL learning and teaching. Not enough attention, however, has been paid to language skills, especially speaking skill, in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed at shedding some light on language learning strategy and speaking, through answering the two research questions: 1. What Language Learning Strategies are used by successful language learners? 2. Does instructing Language Learning Strategies used by successful learners to less successful learners have any significant effect on developing their speaking ability? To collect information, Oxford's (1990) SILL, Naiman's (1978) GLL questionnaires, along with the two proficiency tests including TOEFL and IELTS were utilized. The results revealed that successful language learners use a variety of strategies; memory strategies being the most frequently used strategy, and metacognitive strategies being the least frequently used ones. T -test was used to test the hypotheses, and it was revealed that instructing learning strategies to less successful learners significantly affects their speaking ability. پرونده مقاله

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560 - Contradictions in Writing Anxiety: A Qualitative Case Study of Expansive Learning among Iranian EFL Learners
Mohsen Nazari Maryam Farnia Behzad ghonsooly Manoochehr Jafarigohar

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the causes of writing anxiety from an expansive learning perspec- tive. Given the centrality of writing for both EFL learners and teachers, writing anxiety was explored through a longitudinal study spanning two years with 25 EFL چکیده کامل

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the causes of writing anxiety from an expansive learning perspec- tive. Given the centrality of writing for both EFL learners and teachers, writing anxiety was explored through a longitudinal study spanning two years with 25 EFL learners and teachers who participated by providing comments, diaries, and documents. The participants were also observed and interviewed follow- ing Mwanza's model as a guide. The obtained data in the whole process was constantly thematized by means of a qualitative software, NVIVO 10. The main themes on writing anxiety were extracted from teachers and learners by applying contradictions as a principle of expansive learning theory. To help learn- ers become transformative agents of anxiety, an intervention process was carried out in the form of an online collaborative writing task. The findings recommend applying contradictions as an initiative point for problem-solving and a driving impellent of activity which may lead to expansive learning. Besides, the dy- namic and developmental process is hoped to help learners expand and transform their writing anxiety. Con- tradictions may also become an initiation for future studies on language learning. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

561 - Addressing the Dilemma in ESP Teaching: The English Language Teacher or the Subject-matter Specialist?
Masoud Zoghi Shohreh Farsi

Teaching English for Specific Purposes (TESP) has been a controversial issue among EFL teachers and others. The question raised by many is whether the English language instructor or the subject-matter specialist should teach ESP courses. The main purpose of the present چکیده کامل

Teaching English for Specific Purposes (TESP) has been a controversial issue among EFL teachers and others. The question raised by many is whether the English language instructor or the subject-matter specialist should teach ESP courses. The main purpose of the present study was to re-address this issue. To this end, 60 second-year students majoring in Feqh and Islamic Law at Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch were randomly selected. Then, they were divided into two classes with 30 members in each. The classes were taught by two lecturers – an EFL instructor and a subject-matter specialist – for an entire semester. At the end of the course, two types of measures were used: an achievement test and an attitude questionnaire. Analysis of the results represented that the EFL instructor's class scored higher than the subject-matter specialist’s class on the achievement test, and that they expressed greater satisfaction with their classes on the attitude questionnaire. Implications of the findings are discussed, accordingly. پرونده مقاله

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562 - Evaluation of the Iranian State University EFL Entrance Examination Test (UEEET)
Gholam-Reza Abbasian Hadieh Nasirian

The motive behind this study was to evaluate the Iranian State University EFL Entrance Examination Test (UEEET) based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) ‘Usefulness Six-faceted Model ‘accommodating Relia- bility, Validity, Impact, Interactiveness, Authenti چکیده کامل

The motive behind this study was to evaluate the Iranian State University EFL Entrance Examination Test (UEEET) based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) ‘Usefulness Six-faceted Model ‘accommodating Relia- bility, Validity, Impact, Interactiveness, Authenticity, and Practicality. To do so, thirty professors and one-hundred EFL freshmen were selected randomly from five universities. A questionnaire consisting of thirty likert-scale items and six open-ended questions were developed based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) framework. They were administered to both groups of the participants along with the 2013 sample of the Iranian State UEEET. In addition to the questionnaire, a structured interview consisting of ten questions was also run for the purpose of triangulation of the data. Based on the findings, both groups evaluated the UEEET mainly less reliable, less practical and entailing negative impacts, while they held positive views towards its validity, authenticity, and interactiveness. Certain contradictions in the results leave the space open for further investigations, of course. Overall, the UEEET is evaluated as a test enjoy- ing an acceptable degree of the Usefulness criteria. پرونده مقاله

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563 - Intertextuality and Plagiarism in EFL Writing: An Analysis of University Professors’ Attitudes towards MA Theses
Hossein Pourghasemian Mohammad Afzali

Intertextuality is an important academic writing ability when using others’ ideas efficiently and is tanta- mount to failing in the fulfillment of the research part of MA programs if improperly utilized. This study was thus intended to delve into university teache چکیده کامل

Intertextuality is an important academic writing ability when using others’ ideas efficiently and is tanta- mount to failing in the fulfillment of the research part of MA programs if improperly utilized. This study was thus intended to delve into university teachers’ judgment of what they may count as proper or im- proper intertextuality and the reasons why students might deviate from the acceptable norms of intertex- tuality. To this end, four extracts of MA theses together with their original sources were presented to four university professors with different academic rankings. Through an interview, the four extracts were evaluated and their intertextual qualities were explained. The data analysis revealed that university pro- fessors assessed intertextualities as proper or improper inconsistently within two rounds of evaluation. Furthermore, they recounted cultural, social, educational, developmental, virtual and economic reasons for students’ deviating behaviors in the utilization of the resources available. As for the criteria of illegit- imate intertextuality, it was found that no signaling to the reader subject to the violation of the following conditions including specific domain knowledge, more than one sentence copied or paraphrased, mis- match between source and target, and the particular section of the thesis where borrowed ideas are to be used could lead to plagiarism. This study has implications for thesis writers, thesis raters, and EFL writing teachers which are discussed in the paper. پرونده مقاله

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564 - Error Taxonomy of TOEFL iBT Writing: An Iranian Perspective
Arshya Keyvanfar Reyhaneh Vafaeikhoshkhou

TOEFL iBT has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. Since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked چکیده کامل

TOEFL iBT has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. Since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked on examining a sample of integrated and independent writing tasks of 45 Iranian TOEFL iBT candidates in order to identify and classify their errors. Examining 90 writing tasks in toto, the researchers categorized the errors into three major categories: grammar, mechanics, and content errors. Although, the errors of integrated and independent tasks at the levels of grammar and mechanics, with slight differences, had much to share, the content errors exhibited considerable differences. The content errors of the integrated task included plagiarism, for instance while the independent category was limited to organization of ideas and task fulfillment. Given the relative youth of TOEFL iBT for language teachers and learners, the results of this study can have promising potential for enhancing Iranian TOEFL iBT teachers’ understanding of the problems of their prospective candidates. The findings can also be used to improve TOEFL iBT preparatory materials as adopting a troubleshooting approach seems to be more viable in short-term tailor-made courses. پرونده مقاله

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565 - Meaning-Focused Audiovisual Feedback and EFL Writing Motivation
Maryam Tajallizadeh Khob Ali Rabi

Having in mind the high level of challenge in writing as a foreign language, this research provided Iranian EFL learners with audiovisual feedbacks as an alternative of common written feedback and focused on its’ meaningfulness in order to provide an incentive med چکیده کامل

Having in mind the high level of challenge in writing as a foreign language, this research provided Iranian EFL learners with audiovisual feedbacks as an alternative of common written feedback and focused on its’ meaningfulness in order to provide an incentive medium for the participants and increase their moti-vation. One hundred young adult female learners in addition to six English language teachers took part in this study. The data was gathered through opinionnaires, interviews and learner’s composition papers and the triangulation method was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that audiovisual meaning-focused feedbacks are not only effective in increasing the learners’ motivation to write but also have the ability to change the negative view of the learners towards writing which can help learners further their efforts in also achieving educational progress in English. پرونده مقاله

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566 - Development of Speaking Ability through Motivational and Metacognitive-based Scaffolding
اعظم پیشادست Ahmad Mojavezi Farideh Okati

10.30495/ttlt.2021.683478

This study investigated the development of EFL learners’ language proficiency considering motivational and metacognitive scaffolding techniques. The participants included 90 EFL learners. The recruitment procedure took place based on the participants’ perfor چکیده کامل

This study investigated the development of EFL learners’ language proficiency considering motivational and metacognitive scaffolding techniques. The participants included 90 EFL learners. The recruitment procedure took place based on the participants’ performance on a sample Preliminary English Test (PET). To collect the data and address the research questions, the participants were assigned into two experimental groups of metacognitive-based and motivational-based scaffolding and a control group with an equal number of participants in each group. In the metacognitive-based scaffolding group, metacognitive strategies such as producing a story within the framework and listening to and retelling the story were implemented. In the motivational-based scaffolding group, the speaking instruction was based on activities which provided maximum assistance for the learners. They were provided with songs, a relaxed environment, and opportunities to talk, i.e., turn-taking and wait-time to stimulate their motivation. The findings of the study shed light on the metacognitive and motivational-based scaffolding to promote EFL learners’ speaking in foreign language skills. It was found that motivational-based scaffolding was more conducive to enhancing Iranian EFL learners’ speaking ability. پرونده مقاله

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567 - The Effects of Teachers' Interactional Moves on Learners' Uptake in EFL Classrooms
Shahrbanoo Samarbakhsh Tehrani Hassan Iravani Gholamreza Hessamy Fatemmeh Hemmati

Obviously, learning environment plays a crucial role in how second language or a foreign language is learned. In this regard, the importance of interaction for L2 learning has been emphasized. The current study investigated teachers' interactional moves (IM)and learners چکیده کامل

Obviously, learning environment plays a crucial role in how second language or a foreign language is learned. In this regard, the importance of interaction for L2 learning has been emphasized. The current study investigated teachers' interactional moves (IM)and learners'uptake in EFL classrooms systematically. To meet this end, four EFL contexts of speaking and listening courses for English majors were selected to determine the effects of IMs on learners' uptake. The data were drawn from the transcripts of audio recorded classroom interactions made in four EFL classrooms at the intermediate level, totaling 64 hours and including 856 error sequences in the experimental group and 1220 error sequences in the control group. The 2076 error sequences were then coded in accordance with the categories identified by Lyster & Ranta’s (1997) model of IM in response to the students’ erroneous utterances. Twelve weeks of listening and speaking classroom interactions data with 64 participants during a whole semester were analyzed. The statistical analyses performed on the data were a number of non-parametric correlation analyses to check the correlation between IMs and learners’ uptake, and then a profile analysis was performed to compare the performance of the learners in two groups in terms of receiving or not receiving the systematic IM during a whole semester. Later, a one-way ANOVA was run to establish the differences between students’ scores on the three progress tests, and finally, t-test procedures were used to compare the performance of learners in both groups. The results showed that IM significantly improved learners’ performance in EFL classrooms. The findings of the current study offer certain implications for EFL teachers, learners, teacher training programs, syllabus designers and materials developers. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

568 - Contradictions in Writing Anxiety: A Qualitative Case Study of Expansive Learning among Iranian EFL Learners
Mohsen Nazari Maryam Farnia Behzad Ghonsooly Manoochehr Jafarigohar

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673893

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the causes of writing anxiety from an expansive learning perspective. Given the centrality of writing for both EFL learners and teachers, writing anxiety was explored through a longitudinal study spanning two years with 25 EFL l چکیده کامل

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the causes of writing anxiety from an expansive learning perspective. Given the centrality of writing for both EFL learners and teachers, writing anxiety was explored through a longitudinal study spanning two years with 25 EFL learners and teachers who participated by providing comments, diaries, and documents. The participants were also observed and interviewed following Mwanza's model as a guide. The obtained data in the whole process was constantly thematized by means of a qualitative software, NVIVO 10. The main themes on writing anxiety were extracted from teachers and learners by applying contradictions as a principle of expansive learning theory. To help learners become transformative agents of anxiety, an intervention process was carried out in the form of an online collaborative writing task. The findings recommend applying contradictions as an initial point for problem-solving and a driving impellent of activity which may lead to expansive learning. Besides, the dynamic and developmental process is expected to help learners expand and transform their writing anxiety. Contradictions may also become an initiation for future studies on language learning. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

569 - Developing and Validating an EFL Learners’ Spiritual Intelligence Inventory: A Mixed-Methods Study
Masoumeh Azadi Parviz Maftoon Minoo Alemi

10.30495/ttlt.2022.696905

The present study developed a questionnaire (Appendix 1) based on the relevant literature and interviews with 22 EFL learners, resulting in a 27-item questionnaire that was distributed among 360 EFL learners. A sequential mixed methods design was used. The analysis of t چکیده کامل

The present study developed a questionnaire (Appendix 1) based on the relevant literature and interviews with 22 EFL learners, resulting in a 27-item questionnaire that was distributed among 360 EFL learners. A sequential mixed methods design was used. The analysis of the qualitative data revealed the elements of EFL learners’ spiritual intelligence. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of EFL learners’ responses generated four factors, namely: (1) Learning English for personal, social, and educational benefits, (2) learning English for personal, social, and academic achievement, (3) learning English to promote religious values, and (4) learning English for intercultural communication. The results of the study suggest that this scale is a reliable and valid measure of EFL learners’ SI. This study also revealed that SI has a significant relationship with gender and educational levels. The findings can help researchers define SI and how EFL learners’ SI can be measured. Educationists, practitioners, academics, theorists, teacher training centers, teachers, curriculum constructors, and pedagogic planners may find the results of this study beneficial if they are concerned with the importance of SI in the educational context and its influence on the performance of EFL learners. پرونده مقاله

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570 - Effect of EFL Teachers’ Experience and Empowerment on Their EFL Students’ Achievement
Maryam Ghaffari Mohammad Javad Riasati Mohammad Bagheri

10.30495/ttlt.2024.709391

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their empowerment on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. To this end, 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English la چکیده کامل

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their empowerment on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. To this end, 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English language institutes in Shiraz, Fars province. The instruments used in this study include the Oxford Quick Placement Test, Demographics, and Teacher Empowerment Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, frequency analysis, independent samples t-test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The result from the descriptive analysis regarding the distribution of means based upon the responses provided by the participants of the present study indicated that highly experienced teachers view their most empowered subscale as autonomy, status, self-efficacy, impact, decision-making and professional growth, respectively. These results suggested that teachers perceive their highest level of empowerment to reside in their ability to make decisions on what is taught or about curriculum, and to have control over daily schedules. In addition, it is important to mention that low-experienced teachers view their most empowered subscale as self-efficacy, professional growth, status, autonomy, impact and decision-making. The findings of the current research suggest that teachers perceive their highest level of empowerment to reside in their ability to share their skills and knowledge with students to help them learn. پرونده مقاله

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571 - Exploring Language Learners’ Perceptions of Explicit Corrections and Scaffolded Corrective Feedback in the Use of Articles in Oral Productions
Lotfollah Samaee احسان رسایی محمد بوالی

10.30495/ttlt.2021.683479

The present study explores Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions of two types of corrective feedback, i.e., explicit and scaffolded feedback in oral productions. To this end, 30 female EFL learners selected through convenience sampling from two intact classes at a lan چکیده کامل

The present study explores Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions of two types of corrective feedback, i.e., explicit and scaffolded feedback in oral productions. To this end, 30 female EFL learners selected through convenience sampling from two intact classes at a language school in Behbahan, Iran, were randomly assigned into two explicit and scaffolded feedback groups. The participants were all junior and senior high school students aged 15 to 20 at the intermediate level. A qualitative approach in the form of a series of semi-structured interviews was adopted to deeply explore the language learners’ perceptions of the corrective feedback types in question. The findings of the interviews demonstrated that half of the language learners in the explicit group set great store by explicit corrective feedback, while the other half were less favourably disposed toward explicit feedback. Likewise, a significant number of language learners in both groups found the teacher’s corrective feedback distracting. However, the overwhelming majority of the language learners in the scaffolded group viewed scaffolded corrective feedback as beneficial. The implications of the findings are also elucidated. پرونده مقاله

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572 - An Inquiry into EFL Instructors’ Organizational Silence, Job Insecurity, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout
Linda Samadi Mohammad Bagheri Firooz Sadighi Lotfollah Yarmohammadi

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673605

The dualistic nature of the present study explored if there existed any relationship between organizational silence, job insecurity, job satisfaction, and burnout among EFL instructors and if job satisfaction me- diated the latent relationships among organizational sile چکیده کامل

The dualistic nature of the present study explored if there existed any relationship between organizational silence, job insecurity, job satisfaction, and burnout among EFL instructors and if job satisfaction me- diated the latent relationships among organizational silence, job insecurity, and burnout. To this end, 120 EFL instructors from different Azad University branches in the Fars province, Iran, chosen based on one- stage convenience cluster sampling filled out four questionnaires, i.e. questionnaire, Burnout Inventory, and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. To investigate any relationship between organizational silence, job insecurity, and burnout among EFL instructors, the researchers performed the Pearson Correlation coefficient. Additionally, to investigate if job satisfaction mediated the relationships between the three variables, the researchers ranpath analysis via Amos 21. The results revealed direct positive relationships between organizational silence, job insecurity, and burnout among EFL instructors and job satisfaction did not mediate these relationships indicating that organizational silence and job insecurity could directly cause burnout or affect the probable level of burnout among EFL instructors and their level of satisfaction did not intervenet he present study provides significant contributions to principals, managers, and organi- zational policymakers in educational settings by warning them of the important factors that cause job bur- nout among EFL instructors and affect their well-being and efficacy.The results also added some more insight about EFL instructors‟ affairs to the body of related literature. پرونده مقاله

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573 - Developing a Model of Identity for the Iranian EFL Context: with a Focus on Language Proficiency
Amir Mirahmadi Kia Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo Shahram Afraz

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673607

This study intended to develop a model of identity for the Iranian EFL context with emphasize on their language proficiency. Moreover, the study defined learners' opinions about the language and identity and that method would be the best to be taught. The project had a چکیده کامل

This study intended to develop a model of identity for the Iranian EFL context with emphasize on their language proficiency. Moreover, the study defined learners' opinions about the language and identity and that method would be the best to be taught. The project had a cross-sectional quantitative research design, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data via interviews, questionnaires and language proficiency test. Considering a total population of EFL learners in Iran, a sample of 120 students were randomly se- lected to participate in the study. The students were surveyed by testing their identity perceptions in learn- ing English. As a result, language-specific effects on the learners' identities, and how much competency in language learning would be occurred were the most important aspects of this study. The importance of a second language learning skill alongside the native language was thoroughly explained and its relation- ship to the identity of the language learners was explored and was concluded that there was significant relationship between them. Apart from these discussions, it has clearly seen the importance of the identity of learners and the skill of the learners in the educational implications that have a great impact in this field. Implementation of the methods based on these findings facilitates the emergence and development of a second language system in the learner's mind during the process of learning, and prevents the inter- play of first language patterns with second language patterns. پرونده مقاله

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574 - Status of English as a Foreign Language Teachers from their Perspectives According to the Professional Competency Model
شیوا مرزوقی حسین احمدی حمید رضا خلجی

10.30495/ttlt.2021.682811

This mixed-method study investigated the various competencies English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers require by examining a model. To fulfill the study objectives, the grounded theory was adopted in the qualitative phase to explore EFL key informants' articulations چکیده کامل

This mixed-method study investigated the various competencies English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers require by examining a model. To fulfill the study objectives, the grounded theory was adopted in the qualitative phase to explore EFL key informants' articulations and concerns about the issue; therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 Iranian EFL teachers recruited by purposeful sampling. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made 103 item questionnaire was extracted based on the interview codes. After being piloted, it was administrated to 382 Iranian EFL teachers to validate the results obtained in the qualitative phase and investigate Iranian EFL teachers' professional competency and their preferences about its dimensions. Three dimensions were discovered in the qualitative phase, which was not favourable among EFL teachers in the quantitative phase. Meanwhile, factor analysis about the EFL teachers' dimensions yielded three factors according to priority: a) attitudinal competency, b) management competency, and c) language competency. The researchers concluded that attitudinal competency is regarded as the most highly valued of the three dimensions by Iranian EFL teachers. Language competency is regarded as the least priority, which justifies the fact that despite showing eagerness and enthusiasm to teach, these teachers do not possess enough linguistic competency and do not tend to develop it. Accordingly, the researchers suggested some practices for developing EFL teachers' professional competency, emphasizing that all dimensions are essential and EFL teachers should have a balanced combination of them. پرونده مقاله

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575 - Impact of Fully-Immersive Teaching (FIT) Vs. Conventional Communicative Language Teaching on the Articulation Skills of EFL Learners With Expressive Language Disorder (ELD)
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee

10.30495/ttlt.2024.709394

Based on the tenets of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Fully-Immersive Teaching (FIT) vs. conventional communicative language teaching on the articulation abilities of Iranian EFL learners diagno چکیده کامل

Based on the tenets of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Fully-Immersive Teaching (FIT) vs. conventional communicative language teaching on the articulation abilities of Iranian EFL learners diagnosed with Expressive Language Disorder (ELD). Purposively choosing 36 Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners who had mild to moderate levels of ELD, we used a quasi-Solomon four-group design and separated them into two experimental and two control groups. The intervention included twenty sessions of seventy minutes each and comprised of eighty microlearning speech exercises that were developed in VR by FIT. The participants in the control group were given instruction based on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), which is an approach to language education. Both the OQPT and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-III) were used in this study's pre-testing and post-testing procedures. The results showed that individuals who were instructed in accordance with FIT performed better than their colleagues who had been subjected to CLT in terms of articulation abilities. These skills included expressive vocabulary, oral word fluency, and sentence repeats. TEFL, therapeutic education, cognitive speech therapy, and instructional technology might all stand to gain from the outcomes. پرونده مقاله

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576 - Perceptions of English Language Learners about Teaching of Reading Comprehension Skills: A View of Task-based Language Teaching Method
Azar Bagheri Masoudzade Ali Asghar Rostami Abu Saeedi Shahram Afraz

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673896

The present research was an endeavor to determine whether or not the adoption of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) can be an effective means of increasing the students’ reading comprehension ability. Also, this paper explored the students' views towards the ment چکیده کامل

The present research was an endeavor to determine whether or not the adoption of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) can be an effective means of increasing the students’ reading comprehension ability. Also, this paper explored the students' views towards the mentioned method. To fulfil the purposes of the study, a mixed method research was employed and 80 advanced EFL learners of university participated in the study that were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. Having instructed the two groups with the same texts but different methods of teaching during a term, the learners’ reading performance results were compared through administering a reading posttest to both groups. The researchers in the control group class followed her regular teaching practice through the conventional book-based method, but, she applied task based method in three stages in the experimental group class. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test to examine the effectiveness of TBLT method as on students’ reading performance. Moreover, the students' views of the experimental group were investigated through related questionnaire and interview. The findings revealed that the experimental group remarkably performed better than the control group. Therefore, TBLT had a significant effect on learners’ reading performance compared to traditional reading instruction. On top of that, findings of the interviews and questionnaires demonstrated the participants' satisfaction with implementing TBLT method, and also revealed that they had positive views towards it. پرونده مقاله

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577 - On the Development of a Model of Political and Socio-Economic Factors Impacting Iranian EFL Learners’ Motivation to Learn English
Naser salehi Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo

The present study was an attempt to identify a model of the political and socio-economic factors influencing Iranian EFL learners’ motivation to learn English. To achieve this, 20 EFL learners were interviewed about their motivation of learning English and based چکیده کامل

The present study was an attempt to identify a model of the political and socio-economic factors influencing Iranian EFL learners’ motivation to learn English. To achieve this, 20 EFL learners were interviewed about their motivation of learning English and based on these interviews, a questionnaire was designed and piloted among 221 EFL learners. Exploratory factor analysis was then run to identify the underlying factors, and as a result, eight factors proved to have high loadings. Then, the final 26-item questionnaire was distributed among 375 EFL learners, and they were asked to rate the items on a Likert scale. Analyzing responses revealed the most influencing factor as ‘emigration’ and the least important one as ‘attitudes toward English and its utilitarian values’. To confirm the factor structure of the instrument, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The goodness of fit measures was utilized to see whether the proposed model fitted the data. The obtained fit indices sustained the initial structure of the EFA with eight factors and 26 items. Consequently, this model can act as a reliable source for future localized motivation research in Iran making up for the lack of such a specific view in this politically unique EFL context. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

578 - Improving Iranian EFL Young Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skills: Collaborative and Individual Reading in Focus
مانیا کوه افکن فرامرز عزیزملایری Hossein Ahmadi

This study aimed to inquire about EFL reading sessions across Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) and Individual Reading (IR) among young EFL learners. In essence, the researcher’s goal was to investigate how reading sessions using CSR and reading aloud across i چکیده کامل

This study aimed to inquire about EFL reading sessions across Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) and Individual Reading (IR) among young EFL learners. In essence, the researcher’s goal was to investigate how reading sessions using CSR and reading aloud across individual and collaborative activities promote EFL learners’ reading comprehension skills. To this end, 2 Iranian EFL teachers from a primary school in Tehran, and 16 Iranian second-graders studying at a primary school in Tehran, were randomly selected as participants. Then, using teachers' reflective journals, participants' observations, and face-to-face interviews with teachers, the needed data were elicited and descriptively analyzed. The obtained results showed that reading sessions using CSR and reading aloud strategy across individual and collaborative activities promote learners' reading comprehension skill more than IR reading sessions. Moreover, teacher-student interactions (TSI) and student-student interactions (SSI) proved beneficial in improving the participants' reading comprehension skills. پرونده مقاله

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579 - Analyzing the Effect of Using Meta-cognitive Strategies on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Skill
محمدشریف حسینی

The present paper was an endeavour to explore the impact of using metacognitive strategies on EFL learners' writing performance of a language institute in Gachsaran, Iran. Also, the students’ views on the use of these strategies in EFL classes and their effect on چکیده کامل

The present paper was an endeavour to explore the impact of using metacognitive strategies on EFL learners' writing performance of a language institute in Gachsaran, Iran. Also, the students’ views on the use of these strategies in EFL classes and their effect on the writing performance were assessed. To this end, 40 intermediate learners were recruited to participate in this study. The experimental group included 20 students who adopted metacognitive writing strategies, while the control group included 20 students who followed a conventional teaching writing skill. Firstly, all participants took part in the same pre-test of writing, and the scores were recorded. Then, implementing the mentioned strategies started after running the pre-test. Finally, the students of both groups took part in the post-test and the scores were recorded carefully. Moreover, a metacognitive writing questionnaire was published to explore the views toward employing the mentioned strategies. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results indicated that the employment of metacognitive strategy significantly affected the Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance. Further, the EFL learners hold positive views on the effectiveness of the mentioned strategies regarding planning, monitoring, and evaluating their writing performance, and among all, “Monitoring” was used mainly by the participants. پرونده مقاله

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580 - Teaching Information Structure of Non-Canonical Sentences through a Deductive Vs. an Inductive Approach: Effects on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Products
Hamidreza Sheikhi Bahram Hadian Mehdi Vaez-Dalili

10.30495/ttlt.2024.709424

This study investigates the effect of deductive versus inductive teaching of Information Structure (IS) of non-canonical sentences on Iranian EFL learners’ writing productions. To do so 69 participants majoring in English literature and English translation, fourth چکیده کامل

This study investigates the effect of deductive versus inductive teaching of Information Structure (IS) of non-canonical sentences on Iranian EFL learners’ writing productions. To do so 69 participants majoring in English literature and English translation, fourth semester, Arak University, participated in this study in the form of two intact groups called Deductive (experimental) and Inductive (control) groups, comprising 36 and 33 participants in that order. Under the effect of twelve treatment sessions of deductive vs. inductive instructions of IS principles, six weeks, the statistical analyses of the results regarding the pretest-posttest phase disclosed significant improvement of the participants’ writing scores in both groups. Concerning the post-test results, no statistically significant difference was observed in the Deductive vs. Inductive groups’ writing scores. Regarding the posttest-delayed posttest results, the statistical analyses showed a significant decrease in the Deductive group’ writing scores while the writing scores reduction in the Inductive group was not significant. So, the findings revealed a significant retention of improved writing skills in association with the Inductive group. Possible explanations for the writing improvement and implications of the findings for language teaching have been discussed. پرونده مقاله

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581 - رابطۀ بین ذهن‌سازی و تجربۀ سوگ در زمان همه‌گیری کووید ۱۹: یک مطالعۀ تحولی
مریم آقاحسینی جن‌قشلاقی شهلا پاکدامن پریساسادات موسوی پگاه نجات

هدف این پژوهش تعیین رابطۀ بین ذهن‌سازی و تجربۀ سوگ در زمان همه‌گیری کووید ۱۹ بود. روش این پژوهش همبستگی بود و برای این منظور ۲۰۰ نفر از زنان و مردان نوجوان، بزرگسال و میانسال ایرانی که در طی دوران همه‌گیری، یکی از اعضای خانواده یا آشنایان خود را ازدست‌داده بودند، به روش چکیده کامل

هدف این پژوهش تعیین رابطۀ بین ذهن‌سازی و تجربۀ سوگ در زمان همه‌گیری کووید ۱۹ بود. روش این پژوهش همبستگی بود و برای این منظور ۲۰۰ نفر از زنان و مردان نوجوان، بزرگسال و میانسال ایرانی که در طی دوران همه‌گیری، یکی از اعضای خانواده یا آشنایان خود را ازدست‌داده بودند، به روش نمونه‌برداری دردسترس انتخاب شده و پرسش‌نامه‌های تجربۀ سوگ (مهدی‌پور، شهیدی، روشن و دهقانی، ۲۰۰۹) و کنش تأملی (فوناگی، لویتن، مولتون - پرکینز، لی، وارن، هاوارد و دیگران، ۲۰۱۶) را تکمیل کردند. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق محاسبۀ همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بین بعد قطعیت کنش تأملی و تجربۀ سوگ رابطۀ معنادار و مثبت وجود دارد. بین بعد عدم‌قطعیت و تجربۀ سوگ نیز رابطۀ معنادار و منفی وجود داشت. رابطۀ بین بعد قطعیت و تجربۀ سوگ، و رابطۀ بین بعد عدم‌قطعیت و تجربۀ سوگ به سن و جنس بستگی نداشت. باتوجه‌ به یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان گفت ظرفیت ذهنی‌سازی در هنگام تجربۀ سوگ به‌عنوان یک عامل حمایت‌کننده و محافظت‌کننده عمل کند و در نتیجه توصیه می‌شود از ذهن‌سازی در طراحی رویکردهای مداخله‌ای مناسب در تجربۀ سوگ استفاده شود. پرونده مقاله

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582 - نقش واسطه‌ای نظم جویی هیجانی در رابطه بین تجربه های آسیب زای دوران کودکی و کنش تأملی مادر
شهناز احمدی محترم نعمت طاوسی

در ایــن پژوهــش نقــش واســطه‌ای نظم‌جویــی هیجانــی در رابطــه بیــن تجربه‌هــای آســیب‌زای دوران کودکــی و کنــش تأملــی مــادر بررســی شــد. بـر مبنـای روش نمونه‌بـرداری در دسـترس، 312 نفـر از مـادران مراجعۀکننـده بـه خانه‌هـای امـن شـهر تهـران در سـال 1400 انتخـ چکیده کامل

در ایــن پژوهــش نقــش واســطه‌ای نظم‌جویــی هیجانــی در رابطــه بیــن تجربه‌هــای آســیب‌زای دوران کودکــی و کنــش تأملــی مــادر بررســی شــد. بـر مبنـای روش نمونه‌بـرداری در دسـترس، 312 نفـر از مـادران مراجعۀکننـده بـه خانه‌هـای امـن شـهر تهـران در سـال 1400 انتخـاب شـدند و بـه پرسشـنامۀ کنـش تأملـی والدیـن (لویتـن و دیگـران، 2017)، پرسشـنامۀ تجربه‌هـای آسـیب‌زای دوران کودکـی (برنشـتاین و دیگـران، 2003) و مقیـاس دشـواری نظم‌جویـی هیجـان (گرتـز و رومـر، 2004) پاسـخ دادنـد. نتایـج آزمـون تحلیـل مسـیر نشـان داد تجربه‌هـای آسـیب‌زای دوران کودکـی 63 درصـد از واریانـس دشـواری نظم‌جویـی هیجـان را تبییـن می‌کننـد و تجربه‌هـای آسـیب‌زای دوران کودکـی و دشـواری نظم‌جویـی هیجـان در مجمـوع توانایــی تبییــن 65، 25 و 32 درصــد از واریانــس حالــت پیش‌ذهنی‌ســازی، حالــت اطمینــان در مــورد حالت‌هــای ذهنــی و علاقه‌منــدی و کنجــکاوی در حالت‌هـای ذهنـی کنـش تأملـی مـادر را دارنـد. ایـن یافته‌هـا بـا آشـکار کـردن نقـش واسـطه‌ای نظم‌جویـی هیجانـی در رابطـه بیـن تجربه‌هـای آسـیب‌زای دوران کودکـی و کنـش تأملـی مـادر، ضـرورت توجـه بـه دوران کودکـی را برجسـته می‌سـازد. پرونده مقاله

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583 - رابطۀ بین ابعاد دلبستگی و کنش تأملی مادر با پرخاشگری کودکان پیش‌دبستانی: نقش واسطه‌ای توان بدرفتاری با کودک
فاطمه طالبیان شریف سید امیر امین یزدی مریم بردبار

هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن نقـش واسـطه‌ای تـوان بدرفتـاری بـا کـودک در رابطـۀ بیـن ابعـاد دلبسـتگی و کنـش تأملـی مـادر بـا پرخاشـگری کـودکان پیش‌دبسـتانی بـود کـه در قالـب طـرح همبسـتگی بـا روش تحلیـل مسـیر، روابـط متغیرهـا را مـورد بررسـی قـرار داد. جامعـۀ آمـاری پژوه چکیده کامل

هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن نقـش واسـطه‌ای تـوان بدرفتـاری بـا کـودک در رابطـۀ بیـن ابعـاد دلبسـتگی و کنـش تأملـی مـادر بـا پرخاشـگری کـودکان پیش‌دبسـتانی بـود کـه در قالـب طـرح همبسـتگی بـا روش تحلیـل مسـیر، روابـط متغیرهـا را مـورد بررسـی قـرار داد. جامعـۀ آمـاری پژوهـش مـادران دارای کـودک پیش‌دبسـتانی 4 تـا 6 سـاله شـهر مشـهد بـود. 337 نفـر از مـادران بـه شـیوۀ نمونه‌بـرداری در دسـترس انتخـاب شـدند و بـه پرسشـنامۀ کنـش تأملـی والدینـی (لویتـن، مایـز، نایسـنس و فوناگـی، 2017)، مقیـاس بازنگری‌ٰشـده دلبسـتگی بزرگسـال (کالینـز، 1996)، فـرم کوتـاه سـیاهۀ تـوان بدرفتـاری بـا کـودک (آندرسـما، چافینـز، مولینـز و لیبرتـون، 2005) و فـرم والـد مقیـاس پرخاشـگری کـودکان پیش‌دبسـتانی (واحـدی، فتحـی‌آذر، حسینی‌نسـب و مقـدم، 2008) پاسـخ دادنـد. نتایـج تحلیـل مسـیر بـا تأییـد بـرازش مـدل، نشـان داد اضطـراب دلبسـتگی از طریـق مسـیر پیش‌ذهنی‌سـازی- تـوان بدرفتـاری بـر پرخاشـگری کـودکان پیش‌دبسـتانی اثـر غیرمسـتقیم دارد. اثـرات غیرمسـتقیم اضطـراب دلبسـتگی بـر پرخاشـگری کـودک به‌واسـطۀ قطعیـت و علاقـه نسـبت به‌حالت‌هـای ذهنـی نیـز معنـادار بـود. همچنیـن تنهـا اثـر غیرمسـتقیم اجتنـاب دلبسـتگی بـر پرخاشـگری به‌واسـطۀ تـوان بدرفتـاری بـا کـودک بـود. یافته‌هـای پژوهـش حاکـی از نقـش سـازه‌های دلبسـتگی و کنـش تأملـی در شناسـایی تـوان بدرفتـاری مـادران و پرخاشـگری کـودکان پیش‌دبسـتانی اسـت. پرونده مقاله

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584 - رابطه کنش تأملی مادران و مشکلات رفتاری کودکان: نقش واسطه‌ای نظم‌جویی هیجان
زهرا گودرزی سعید قنبری شهلا پاکدامن محمدعلی مظاهری الهه وحیدی

هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن نقـش واسـطه‌ای نظم‌جویـی هیجـان در رابطـۀ بیـن کنـش تأملـی مـادران و مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سـازی کـودکان بـود. شـرکت‌کنندگان ۲۸۹ مـادر و کـودک ۶ تـا ۱۲ سـاله بودنـد کـه بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری داوطلـب از مناطـق مختلـف شـهر کـرج انتخـاب شـدن چکیده کامل

هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن نقـش واسـطه‌ای نظم‌جویـی هیجـان در رابطـۀ بیـن کنـش تأملـی مـادران و مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سـازی کـودکان بـود. شـرکت‌کنندگان ۲۸۹ مـادر و کـودک ۶ تـا ۱۲ سـاله بودنـد کـه بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری داوطلـب از مناطـق مختلـف شـهر کـرج انتخـاب شـدند. مـادران پرسشـنامۀ کنـش تأملـی والدیـن (لویتـن و دیگـران، ۲۰۱۷)، فهرسـت نظم‌جویـی هیجـان (شـیلدز و سـیکته، ۱۹۹۵) و فهرسـت رفتـاری کـودک (آشـنباخ و رسـکورلا، ۲۰۰۱) را تکمیـل کردنـد. داده‌هـا بـا اسـتفادۀ از روش‌هـای همبسـتگی و مدل‌یابـی معادله‌هـای سـاختاری تحلیـل شـدند. نتایـج نشـان داد کـه بیـن تمـام زیرمقیاس‌هـای کنـش تأملـی بـا نظم‌جویـی هیجـان و مشـکلات برونی‌سـازی، و بیـن زیرمقیـاس حالـت پیش‌ذهنی‌سـازی بـا مشـکلات درونی‌سازی‌ همبسـتگی معنـاداری وجـود دارد. همچنیـن، نتایـج مدل‌یابـی معادله‌هـای سـاختاری نشـان داد کـه نظم‌جویـی هیجـان در رابطـۀ کنـش تأملـی مـادر و مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سـازی کـودک نقـش واسـطه‌ای ایفـا می‌کنـد. در مجمـوع یافته‌هـای ایـن پژوهـش حاکـی از آن بـود کـه کنـش تأملـی پاییـن مـادران بـا مشـکلات هیجانـی و رفتـاری در کـودکان ارتبـاط دارد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

585 - بررسی امکان پیش آگاهی وقوع پدیده تگرگ با استفاده از رادار
اعظم صانعی فروزان ارکیان پری سیما کتیرایی محمد ریحانی پروری

تگرگ ناشی از توفان های تندری تابستانه، یک پدیده ی کوچک مقیاس است و اغلب از نظر زمانی دارای تداوم کمی می‌باشد.تگرگ درون توفان تندری نوعی در کسری از ساعت تولید شده وگسترش بارش آن می‌تواند در حدود صد متر باشد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از اطلاعات و محصولات بدست آمده از رادار چکیده کامل

تگرگ ناشی از توفان های تندری تابستانه، یک پدیده ی کوچک مقیاس است و اغلب از نظر زمانی دارای تداوم کمی می‌باشد.تگرگ درون توفان تندری نوعی در کسری از ساعت تولید شده وگسترش بارش آن می‌تواند در حدود صد متر باشد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از اطلاعات و محصولات بدست آمده از رادارهای هواشناسی مربوط به سه ایستگاه تهران، اهواز و خزر شرقی در طی سال های 2010-2008 احتمال وقوع پدیده تگرگ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا با بررسی اطلاعات مربوط به ایستگاه های همدیدی و همچنین گزارش های هواشناسی، 30 مورد بارش تگرگ در مناطق تحت پوشش راداری در بازه زمانی ذکر شده استخراج شد. روش های متعددی جهت تشخیص تگرگ با استفاده از محصولات رادار موجود است. در این تحقیق از روش ، الگوریتم والدوگل waldvogel)) که دقت بالایی در تعیین احتمال و آستانه‌ی مناسب برای پیش آگاهی وقوع تگرگ دارد، استفاده شد. در این الگوریتم اختلاف ارتفاع تراز دمای صفر در جو که از طریق گمانه زنی روزانه بدست می‌آید با ارتفاع تراز بازتابش dBZ45 که از تصاویر و داده های رادار بدست می‌آید، معیار تعیین احتمال وقوع تگرگ می‌باشد. بررسی ها نشان داد که در شرایطی که اختلاف ارتفاع دو تراز ذکر شده حدود 5/4 کیلومتر باشد، می‌توان وقوع تگرگ را محتمل دانست. البته این مقدار در مناطق با اقلیم های سرد و گرم می‌تواند تا حدود 1 کیلو متر تغییر کند. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

586 - مقاومت کینولونی وابسته به پمپ تراوشی mexAB-oprM در جدایه های بالینی سودوموناس آئروژینوزا
میترا صالحی مینا حکمت دوست فرزانه حسینی

سابقه و هدف: سودوموناس آئروژینوزا یکی از مهم ترین باکتری های مقاوم نسبت به انواع آنتی بیوتیک های است و به همین دلیل درمان عفونت های سودوموناسی دشوار می باشد. پمپ MexAB-OprM قادر است طیف وسیعی از ترکیبات ضد میکروبی را بدون هیچگونه شباهتی بین ساختار و عملکردشان به خارج از چکیده کامل

سابقه و هدف: سودوموناس آئروژینوزا یکی از مهم ترین باکتری های مقاوم نسبت به انواع آنتی بیوتیک های است و به همین دلیل درمان عفونت های سودوموناسی دشوار می باشد. پمپ MexAB-OprM قادر است طیف وسیعی از ترکیبات ضد میکروبی را بدون هیچگونه شباهتی بین ساختار و عملکردشان به خارج از سلول تراوش نمایند. mexB، ژن مسوول تشکیل پروتئین آنتی پورتر پروتون- دارو در پمپ mexAB-oprM می باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی و شناسایی مقاومت کینولونی وابسته به پمپ تراوشی mexAB-oprM در جدایه های بالینی سودوموناس آئروژینوزا انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه به صورت مقطعی- توصیفی بر روی 104 نمونه سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جدا شده از بیماران مراجعه کننده به مراکز سوانح و سوختگی انجام گردید. در ابتدا جنس و گونه سویه های جداسازی شده با استفاده از تست های بیوشیمیایی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. ارزیابی الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی سویه ها بر اساس روش انتشار دیسک نسبت به 11 آنتی بیوتیک رایج و روش براث میکرودیلوشن نسبت به 4 آنتی بیوتیک انجام شد. در نهایت حضور ژن mexB با روش واکنش زنجیره ای پلی مراز (PCR) بررسی گردید. یافته ها: در این مطالعه بیشترین میزان مقاومت نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک های نالیدیکسیک اسید (86.54%)، سفتری آکسون (82.2%) و اوفلوکساسین (81.78%) بوده است. همچنین کمترین میزان مقاومت نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک های ایمی پنم (40.91%)، پیپراسیلین (44.9%) و تتراسایکلین (48.03%) مشاهده گردید. نتایج MIC نشان داد که بیشترین حساسیت مربوط به تتراسیکلین و بیشترین مقاومت مربوط به سفتریاکسون می باشد. نتایج واکنش زنجیره ای پلی مراز، حضور اپرون mexAB-oprM را در 27% از جدایه های بالینی نشان داد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه بیانگر این است که از نظر آماری ارتباط معنی داری بین وجود ژن mexB و حضور پمپ تراوشی MexAB-OprM و همین طور مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی در سودوموناس آئروژینوزا وجود دارد. با توجه به اهمیت مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی، مطالعه سایر پمپ های تراوشی، مقایسه الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و ارتباط بیان پمپ های تراوشی و منشا بالینی سویه ها پیشنهاد می گردد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

587 - بررسی اثرات انواع جریان وجه نقد و سهامداران کنترلی بر ارتباط مدیریت سود و عملکرد مالی جهت پیش‌بینی ورشکستگی مالی (الگوریتم کرم شب تاب)
قربان هکی بهروز صادقی عمروآبادی سید محمدرضا داودی

10.30495/fed.2023.705596

چکیده شرکت ها برای ادامه فعالیت خود به منابع کافی نیاز دارند که از جمله آن وجه نقد کافی برای پرداخت به وام دهندگان است. اگر شرکت در کسب منابع برای رفع نیاز هایش توانایی کافی نداشته باشد، دچار درماندگی مالی می شود. شرکت ها در مواجهه با درماندگی مالی، سود حسابداری را به چکیده کامل

چکیده شرکت ها برای ادامه فعالیت خود به منابع کافی نیاز دارند که از جمله آن وجه نقد کافی برای پرداخت به وام دهندگان است. اگر شرکت در کسب منابع برای رفع نیاز هایش توانایی کافی نداشته باشد، دچار درماندگی مالی می شود. شرکت ها در مواجهه با درماندگی مالی، سود حسابداری را به عنوان یکی از اقلام ارزیابی عملکرد، دستکاری می نمایند. در این شرایط، مدیریت با دستکاری حساب ها به مدیریت سود اقدام می نماید که هدف آن، دادن اطلاعات و اخبار خوب به بازار سرمایه است تا بدین وسیله از کاهش ارزش شرکت جلوگیری نماید. در صورت دستکاری حساب ها، فلسفه وجودی صورت های مالی خدشه دار می شود و قابلیت اتکای آنها از بین می رود. از این رو در پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل اثرات انواع جریان وجه نقد و سهامداران کنترلی بر ارتباط مدیریت سود و عملکرد مالی جهت پیش بینی ورشکستگی مالی در شرکت های بورس اوراق بهادار تهران پرداخته شده است. برای این منظور از داده های 128 شرکت منتخب طی دوره زمانی 1390 تا 1398 استفاده شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در دو بخش انجام شده؛ در بخش اول، با استفاده از روش رگرسیونی داده های تابلویی، به برآورد اثر انواع جریان وجه نقد و سهامداران کنترلی بر ارتباط مدیریت سود و عملکرد مالی شرکت ها پرداخته شده است. نتایج این قسمت نشان داد که متغیر مدیریت سود اثرات مثبت و متغیرهای عملکرد، سهامداران کنترلی، جریانات نقدی سرمایه ای، جریانات نقدی حقوق صاحبان سهام و جریانات نقدی عملیاتی آزاد اثر منفی بر معیار ورشکستگی شرکت ها داشته است؛ علاوه بر این، مشاهده شد که انوع جریانات نقدی مورد بررسی در این تحقیق، اثر تعدیل کننده بر ارتباط بین مدیریت سود با ورشکستگی شرکت ها داشته است. در ادامه و در بخش دوم تجزیه و تحلیل ها، بر اساس ضرایب بدست آمده در بخش قبلی و با استفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب تاب پرداخته شده است. نتایج این قسمت نیز نشان داد که درصد موفقیت الگوریتم کرم شب تاب در پیش بینی ورشکستگی شرکت ها برابر با 12/98 درصد بوده است. بر همین اساس پیشنهاد می گرد که سیاست‌های مبتنی بر کنترل و حفظ انواع جریانات نقدی و بهره گیری از سهامداران کنترلی استفاده شود تا از این طریق احتمال ورشکستگی شرکت ها کاهش پیدا کند. پرونده مقاله

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588 - تبیین رویکرد شهودی ملاصدرا در در ادراک عقلی
محمدکاظم رضا زاده جودی

ادراک عقلی یکی از سه ادراک اصلی انسان یعنی ادراک خیالی و حسی است. ملاصدرا بر این باور است که این نوع ادراکات در اثر تحول ذاتی نفس و ارتقاء به مراتب بالاتر هستی و اتحاد با عقل فعال یا مثل افلاطونی حاصل می شود که ممکن است به دو نحو: مشاهده صورت ها در عقل فعال یا انعکاس صو چکیده کامل

ادراک عقلی یکی از سه ادراک اصلی انسان یعنی ادراک خیالی و حسی است. ملاصدرا بر این باور است که این نوع ادراکات در اثر تحول ذاتی نفس و ارتقاء به مراتب بالاتر هستی و اتحاد با عقل فعال یا مثل افلاطونی حاصل می شود که ممکن است به دو نحو: مشاهده صورت ها در عقل فعال یا انعکاس صورت ها در نفس محقق گردد. نظر ملاصدرا، نظریه دوم است. در این مقاله، مفهوم ادراکات عقلی، ماهیت و ویژگی های آن، حصولی یا حضوری بودن این ادراکات و... براساس نظریات ملاصدرا تبیین و بررسی شده است. پرونده مقاله

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589 - جایگاه و کارکرد قوه حاکمه تأملی در فاسفه کانت
محمد اکوان اسماعیل تاجیک

کانت میان قوه حکم تعیّنی و قوه حکم تأملی تفاوت قائل است و آن را در دو قلمرو زیباشناسی و غایت‌شناسی تبیین می‌کند. قوه حکم به معنای کلی، قوه‌ای است که به جزئیات ذیل قانون کلی می‌پردازد؛ اگر کلی به‌مثابه قانون از پیش فراهم باشد، قوه حکم تعیّنی است و چنانچه جزئیات فراهم باش چکیده کامل

کانت میان قوه حکم تعیّنی و قوه حکم تأملی تفاوت قائل است و آن را در دو قلمرو زیباشناسی و غایت‌شناسی تبیین می‌کند. قوه حکم به معنای کلی، قوه‌ای است که به جزئیات ذیل قانون کلی می‌پردازد؛ اگر کلی به‌مثابه قانون از پیش فراهم باشد، قوه حکم تعیّنی است و چنانچه جزئیات فراهم باشد و کلی باید استخراج یا کشف گردد، قوه حکم تأملی است. کانت تلاش می‌کند تبیین نماید که همان‌گونه که قوه فهم اصل یا اصولی آزاد از تجربه دارد، برای قوه حکم نیز باید اصلی آزاد از تجربه یافت. این اصل آزاد از تجربه برای قوه حکم تأملی، اصل غایت‌مندی درونی طبیعت است. پرونده مقاله

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590 - انسجام اخلاقی و موازنه متأملانه گسترده
بهروز محمدی منفرد

در دهه های اخیر، شاهد سطحی از انسجام اخلاقی با عنوان موازنه متأملانه گسترده هستیم که از درجه اعتماد بالاتری نسبت به سطح محدود انسجام اخلاقی برخوردار است؛ زیرا برای توجیه یک باور اخلاقی، علاوه بر انسجام آن با باورهای اخلاقی دیگر، ضروری است آن باور اخلاقی با باورهای غیرا چکیده کامل

در دهه های اخیر، شاهد سطحی از انسجام اخلاقی با عنوان موازنه متأملانه گسترده هستیم که از درجه اعتماد بالاتری نسبت به سطح محدود انسجام اخلاقی برخوردار است؛ زیرا برای توجیه یک باور اخلاقی، علاوه بر انسجام آن با باورهای اخلاقی دیگر، ضروری است آن باور اخلاقی با باورهای غیراخلاقی مناسب و مرتبط از قبیل باورهای روان شناختی، زیست شناختی، جامعه شناختی و انسان شناختی نیز منسجم باشد. آنچه اهمیت دارد این است که چنین سطحی از انسجام نیز با چالش هایی مواجه بوده و نسبت به نظریه رقیب، یعنی مبناگرایی اخلاقی موفق نیست. این نوشتار می کوشد پس از تبیین سطح گسترده انسجام اخلاقی، یعنی موازنه متأملانه گسترده، این رویکرد کلی را نقد کند. درنهایت روشن خواهد شد که اگر تصور شود یک باور اخلاقی در موازنه متأملانه گسترده، موجه است، اما این باور تنها به طور مسامحه‌ای موجه است؛ یعنی تا این اندازه موجه است که فاعل دلیلی معرفتی برای پذیرش یا ردّ آن گزاره ندارد و لذا نمی توان آن را به طور معرفتی موجه دانست. پرونده مقاله

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591 - فقر معرفت شناختی و روان شناختی در اندیشة پاولف و مکتب رفتار
عزیزالله سالاری

نظریة پاولف و مکتب رفتار، به عنوان یکی از روش‌های آموزش ـ به ویژه در روان‌شناسی یادگیری ـ و نیز یکی از شیوه‌ها و راه‌های پرورشی، مورد توجه و قابل تأمل است و می‌توان از رهاورد آن برای بخش‌هایی از تعلیم و تربیت، بهره‌های ارزشمندی گرفت. اگر این مشرب درمعرض نقّادی ما قرار م چکیده کامل

نظریة پاولف و مکتب رفتار، به عنوان یکی از روش‌های آموزش ـ به ویژه در روان‌شناسی یادگیری ـ و نیز یکی از شیوه‌ها و راه‌های پرورشی، مورد توجه و قابل تأمل است و می‌توان از رهاورد آن برای بخش‌هایی از تعلیم و تربیت، بهره‌های ارزشمندی گرفت. اگر این مشرب درمعرض نقّادی ما قرار می‌گیرد، ازآن‌روست که افکار و افعال آدمی را تماما در قالب محرّک‌ها، بازتاب‌ها، محیط و نیز فرآیند فیزیولوژیک انسان تحلیل و تعقیب می‌کنند. آنجاست که هم این روند و هم مبانی آن که همان فلسفه پوزیتیویسم و ماتریالیسم و نیز آموزه‌های داروینی و دکارتی است، مورد نقد و چالش قرار می‌گیرد. ما با این نظریه، به منظور یک تکنیک علمی سر ناسازگاری نداریم،محل نزاع ما دیدگا‌ه‌های فلسفی،شناخت شناسی و روان شناختی و انسان است که صاحب‌نظران آنان، چنین نظریه‌ای را از دل آن استخراج کرده‌اند. همچنین با آن جهان‌بینی و معرفتی است که به دلایل ناصواب، به حذف روان‌شناسی و معنویت و نظام ارزش‌ها و باورهای قدسی آ‌دمیان پای می‌فشارند و به آن رنگ و بوی حیوانی می دهند. فقر اصالت و استقلال در اندیشه و معرفت انسان،‌ فقر خودشناسی، تفکر و هنر، مغایرت با حقایق عقلی، جبرگرایی محیطی و فیزیولوژیک، انکار پدیده‌های روانی و نیز ناباوری‌ به کیان اخلاق و ارزش‌ها، نقدهایی است جدی بر مکتب شرطی. پرونده مقاله

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592 - Potential of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Predict Nutrient Composition of Bromus tomentellus
Hossein Arzani Anvar Sour Javad Motamedi

Determination of forage quality of available species is one of the fundamentalfactors for the management of rangelands. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)was used to analysis the Nitrogen (N), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD) and Meta چکیده کامل

Determination of forage quality of available species is one of the fundamentalfactors for the management of rangelands. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)was used to analysis the Nitrogen (N), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD) and Metabolizable Energy (ME) content of three phenological stages(vegetative, flowering and seeding) of Bromus tomentellus samples in grazing pastures ofIran. The sample set consisted of 40 samples for calibration and 23 samples for validationwas used to prediction N, ADF, DMD and ME, separately. The samples were measured byreflectance NIR in a 950-1650 nm range. Calibration models between chemical data andNIR spectra were produced using the method of Partial Least Squares (PLS). Thecoefficients of determination (R2) and standard error of cross validation (SECV) were 0.94(SECV: 0.208%), 0.98 (SECV: 1.76%), 0.98 (SECV: 1.97%), and 0.97 (SECV: 0.34%) forN, ADF, DMD and ME, respectively. The results obtained from this study indicated thatNIRS had a potentiality to be used in predict the N, ADF, and the estimated DMD and MEof forage samples content. پرونده مقاله

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593 - روش‌شناسی «وجوه القرآن» ابوالفضل تفلیسی
علی نظری معصومه تراوش

در قرآن کریم بسیاری از کلمات، تحت تأثیر بافت(سیاق) و همنشینی با واژگان دیگر، از معنای وضعی، لغوی و معجمی، عدول کرده، وجوه و معانی دیگری را ارائه می دهد. تا جایی که مدلولات آنها از معنای معجمی انحراف پیدا کرده و معانی جدیدی را با خود حمل می کند. لذا مقصود از وجوه دلالت ه چکیده کامل

در قرآن کریم بسیاری از کلمات، تحت تأثیر بافت(سیاق) و همنشینی با واژگان دیگر، از معنای وضعی، لغوی و معجمی، عدول کرده، وجوه و معانی دیگری را ارائه می دهد. تا جایی که مدلولات آنها از معنای معجمی انحراف پیدا کرده و معانی جدیدی را با خود حمل می کند. لذا مقصود از وجوه دلالت ها و معانی متعددی است که برای یک کلمه در موقعیت های گوناگون و بافت های لفظی، موقعیتی، زمانی، فرهنگی، دینی و... بیان می گردد. در این راستا و برای ارائه ی فهم درست تر از کلمات و عبارات قرآن کریم، کتب و تفاسیر متعددی با عناوینی مانند وجوه القرآن و الاشباه و النظائر تالیف گردیده است. وجوه القرآن ابوالفضل حبیش بن ابراهیم تفلیسی(متوفای 558 ه.ق) از مهم ترین کتاب هایی است که در زمینه ی علم وجوه و نظایر به زبان فارسی نگارش شده است. این کتاب در حقیقت تکمیل یافته ی کتاب الاشباه و النظائر مقاتل بن سلیمان است. این تحقیق به روش تحلیل عقلانی محتوا و بر اساس داده های تاریخی به این نتایج دست یافت که تفلیسی در کتاب وجوه القرآن، معانی و وجوه واژگان قرآنی را بیشتر بر اساس موارد زیر بیان کرده است: 1- معنی لغوی و اولیه 2- معنای ثانوی (معنای استعاری و مشترک لفظی) 3 – وجوه و معانی دریافت شده با کمک بافت و سیاقی لفظی و موقعیتی چنانچه حمل سوء بر پی کردن، یوم الفتح بر روز رستاخیز، طاغوت برشیطان، با تکیه بر ویژگی های زبانی و روابط همنشینی واژگان و بافت لفظی و نیز حمل صدّ بر معنای خندیدن، اَحد بر زید بن حارثه بر اساس شأن و اسباب نزول و بافت موقعیتی از جمله ی دیگرنتایج حاصله از مطالعه ی مروری – محتوایی وجوه القرآن تفلیسی است. پرونده مقاله

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594 - A New Clustering Approach for Efficient Placement of Controllers in SDN using Firefly Algorithm
Azam Amin Mohsen Jahanshahi Mohammadreza Meybodi

10.30495/ijsee.2021.685507

In Software Defined Network (SDN), controller plane is separated from the data plane simplifying management. In these networks, data forwarding cannot be conducted just one controller. Therefore, it is needed to use multiple controllers in control plane. Since, switch-c چکیده کامل

In Software Defined Network (SDN), controller plane is separated from the data plane simplifying management. In these networks, data forwarding cannot be conducted just one controller. Therefore, it is needed to use multiple controllers in control plane. Since, switch-controller propagation delays and inter-controller latencies affect the performance, the problem of determining appropriate number of controllers as well as their suitable locations are two main challenges, which are known as NP-Hard. In this paper, a new clustering method based on K-means, K-Harmonics means and firefly algorithm named CPP-KKF is proposed for controller placement in SDN. Result obtained by CPP- KKF algorithm is benefitted by the advantages of all techniques. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on four topologies of TopologyZoo with different scales, that include Aarnet, Colt, Cognet, and DFN and the conducted simulations demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms K-means, K-means++, Firefly and GSO algorithms in terms of aforementioned performance issues. پرونده مقاله

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595 - مطالعه جامعه‏ شناختی تأثیر تغییرات فضاهای شهری مدرن بر بازاندیشی هویتی زنان
آسیه آقائی حسین آبادی منصور حقیقتیان سید ناصر حجازی

10.30495/jscc.2021.685211

این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر تغییر در فضاهای شهری مدرن بر بازاندیشی هویت زنان طراحی شده است. ایده اصلی تحقیق از نظریه گیدنز استخراج شده که مکان‌های جدید را بر گروه‌های مختلف مؤثر می داند. با توجه به این‌که باغ بانوان‌ها به‌تازگی در برخی از شهرهای ایران از جمله اصفهان چکیده کامل

این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر تغییر در فضاهای شهری مدرن بر بازاندیشی هویت زنان طراحی شده است. ایده اصلی تحقیق از نظریه گیدنز استخراج شده که مکان‌های جدید را بر گروه‌های مختلف مؤثر می داند. با توجه به این‌که باغ بانوان‌ها به‌تازگی در برخی از شهرهای ایران از جمله اصفهان تأسیس شده‌اند به نظر می‌رسد که این فضاها می‌توانند بر بازاندیشی و هویت نوین زنان مؤثر باشند. در این پژوهش 330 نفر زنان شهر اصفهان که طی یک دوره زمانی 30 روزه به باغ‌های این شهر مراجعه کرده‌اند به عنوان نمونه آماری از جامعه‌اماری شهر اصفهان انتخاب شده‌اند. شیوه نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای و سپس اتفاقی بوده و از میان 6 باغ بانوان شهر اصفهان، 4 باغ انتخاب و پاسخگویان سپس از میان این باغ‌ها برگزیده شده اند. یافته ها نشان داده اند که فضاهای نوین شهری تأثیرات مؤثری بر تغییر دیدگاه و بازاندیشی هویتی زنان داشته‌اند اگرچه این تغییرات به دلیل تازگی تأسیس باغ ها غالباً در حوزه نظری صورت گرفته و هنوز تا بروز تغییرات عملی ناشی از فضاهای نوین، راه زیادی در پیش است. پرونده مقاله

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596 - مقایسه قدرت پیش‌بینی الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب، الگوریتم درخت تصمیم و الگوریتم رگرسیون ماشین‌بردار پشتیبان جهت پیش‌بینی ریسک سیستماتیک
علیرضا اسلام پور رویا دارابی

یکی از مهمترین مباحث بازار سرمایه آگاهی از میزان ریسک شرکت‌ها به ویژه ریسک سیستماتیک است که می تواند بازده سهام شرکت‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و نقش به سزایی در تصمیم‌گیری ایفا کند. در این تحقیق، هدف پیش‌بینی ریسک سیستماتیک شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهرا چکیده کامل

یکی از مهمترین مباحث بازار سرمایه آگاهی از میزان ریسک شرکت‌ها به ویژه ریسک سیستماتیک است که می تواند بازده سهام شرکت‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و نقش به سزایی در تصمیم‌گیری ایفا کند. در این تحقیق، هدف پیش‌بینی ریسک سیستماتیک شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از نرم افزار شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و سه الگوریتم کرم شب تاب، الگوریتم درخت تصمیم و الگوریتم رگرسیون ماشین بردار پشتیبان می باشد. برای انجام این تحقیق از نمونه ای شامل 92 شرکت از شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران طی دوره زمانی 1392 الی 1397 استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل شده از آزمون فرضیه‌های تحقیق نشان داد که قدرت پیش‌بینی ریسک سیستماتیک در الگوریتم کرم شب تاب نسبت به دو الگوریتم درخت تصمیم و الگوریتم رگرسیون ماشین بردار پشتیبان بیشتر می‌باشد و همچنین قدرت پیش‌بینی الگوریتم درخت تصمیم نسبت به الگوریتم رگرسیون ماشین بردار پشتیبان به جهت پیش‌بینی ریسک سیستماتیک بالاتر می باشد. پرونده مقاله

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597 - پیش بینی ورشکستگی مالی شرکت‌های بورس اوراق بهادار با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب
مهدی حیدری شکراله زیاری سید احمد شایان نیا علیرضا رشیدی کمیجان

با پیش‌بینی نابسامانی مالی، پیشگیری‌ها و اقدامات مقتضی لازم توسط مدیران و سرمایه‌گذاران انجام شود. پژوهش حاضر، دو مدل پیش بینی ورشکستگی با استفاده از شبکه عصبی و الگوریتم فراابتکاری کرم شب‌تاب در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، آزمون و نتایج با هم مقایسه می شود. برای اجرای آزم چکیده کامل

با پیش‌بینی نابسامانی مالی، پیشگیری‌ها و اقدامات مقتضی لازم توسط مدیران و سرمایه‌گذاران انجام شود. پژوهش حاضر، دو مدل پیش بینی ورشکستگی با استفاده از شبکه عصبی و الگوریتم فراابتکاری کرم شب‌تاب در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، آزمون و نتایج با هم مقایسه می شود. برای اجرای آزمون ابتدا یک مقادیر اولیه برای وزن‌ها و بایاس‌های شبکه تعیین شده و سپس در طی پروسه بهینه‌سازی، جمعیتی از وزنها و بایاس‌های مختلف توسط الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب تولید می‌شوند. تابع تبدیل مورد استفاده در لایه خروجی از نوع خطی و برای لایه میانی یک تابع غیرخطی سیگمویدی انتخاب شده است. برای انجام این پژوهش داده‌های 79 شرکت در بازه زمانی 1391 تا 1394 گردآوری و با به‌کارگیری الگوریتم‌های شبکه عصبی پس انتشار و کرم شب تاب تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می دهد که شبکه عصبی بهینه شده بوسیله الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب عملکرد بهتری نسبت به شبکه عصبی پس انتشار خطا در پیش‌بینی ورشکستگی شرکت‌های نمونه دارد. همچنین الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب به خوبی نسبت بین شرکت‌های ورشکسته و عدم ورشکسته را همانند داده های واقعی حفظ کرده است. پرونده مقاله

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598 - مدلسازی مبادلات سهام با رویکرد شمعدان فازی و روش بهینه سازی کرم شب تاب و مورچگان
حسن کلانتری درونکلا ایمان داداشی حمیدرضا غلام نیا روشن کاوه آذین فر

اخیرا از روش هوشمند مبتنی بر فازی برای پویاسازی الگوهای کندل استیک ژاپنی در جهت تحلیل الگوهای کندل استیک با در نظر گرفتن اطلاعات غیر قطعی استفاده شده است. از انجایی که منطق فازی مبتنی بر دانش خبره است، اگرچه متخصصان انسانی میتوانند نقش مهمی در تنظیم مقادیر توابع عضویت م چکیده کامل

اخیرا از روش هوشمند مبتنی بر فازی برای پویاسازی الگوهای کندل استیک ژاپنی در جهت تحلیل الگوهای کندل استیک با در نظر گرفتن اطلاعات غیر قطعی استفاده شده است. از انجایی که منطق فازی مبتنی بر دانش خبره است، اگرچه متخصصان انسانی میتوانند نقش مهمی در تنظیم مقادیر توابع عضویت متغیرهای فازی داشته باشند، اما از انجایی که معمولا دانش انسانی دارای ابهام است، تنظیم بهینه ای حاصل نمیگردد. از اینرو ارائه تکنیکی که منجر به تنظیم بهینه مقادیر توابع عضویت در الگوهای کندلی گردد، نقش بسزایی در راندمان سیستم معامله مبتنی بر فازی خواهد داشت. یکی از روشهای بهینه سازی پرکاربرد، روشهای فراابتکاری میباشد، اکثر روشهای فراابتکاری دارای ساختاری مشابه با روش بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات اند. روشهای فراابتکاری مبتنی بر کرم شب تاب و مورچگان دلیل برخورداری از قابلیت های بهره وری و کشف مناسب، قدرتمندتر از بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات اند. در این مقاله از روش کرم شب تاب و مورچگان برای تنظیم و بهینه سازی توابع عضویت متغیرهای کندل استیک فازی با کاربرد در تحلیل معاملات و پیش بینی قیمت سهام در سیستم معاملات سهام استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از اعمال روش پیشنهادی بر روی سهام شرکتهای ایران حاکی از دقت بالای روش پیشنهادی میباشد. پرونده مقاله

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599 - طراحی الگوی مدیریت ریسک اعتباری در شبکه نمایندگی‌های شرکت های خدمات پس از فروش با استفاده از مولفه‌های مالی خدمات پس از فروش و الگوریتم‌های فرا ابتکاری(مطالعه موردی: سازمان خدمات پس از فروش شرکت سایپا(سایپا یدک ))
حمیدرضا رادمان نژاد محمد ابراهیم پورزرندی مهرزاد مینویی

نوع خدمات‌رسانی به مشتری در حوزه خدمات پس از فروش برای هر مجموعه مهم است مولفه‌های زیادی می‌تواند با هدف ارتقاء رضایت مشتری، به این امر کمک نماید؛ که از مهمترین آن‌ها، داشتن دیدگاه مهندسی مالی و لحاظ مولفه‌های مالی می‌باشند. بیشتر شرکتها به این نکته واقفند که ارائه خدما چکیده کامل

نوع خدمات‌رسانی به مشتری در حوزه خدمات پس از فروش برای هر مجموعه مهم است مولفه‌های زیادی می‌تواند با هدف ارتقاء رضایت مشتری، به این امر کمک نماید؛ که از مهمترین آن‌ها، داشتن دیدگاه مهندسی مالی و لحاظ مولفه‌های مالی می‌باشند. بیشتر شرکتها به این نکته واقفند که ارائه خدمات پس از فروش با کیفیت و متوازان در وفاداری و تکرار خرید مشتریان موثر است. سازمانهایی موفق هستند که بتوانند با در نظر گرفتن تمامی ابعاد خدمات پس از فروش بهتری را عرضه نمایند . در این تحقیق به طراحی الگوی مدیریت ریسک اعتباری برای شرکت سایپا یدک و شبکه نمایندگی های آن با استفاده از مولفه‌های مالی خدمات پس از فروش و الگوریتم‌های فرا ابتکاری پرداخته شده است. نمونه مورد بررسی در این تحقیق نمایندگی‌های شرکت سایپا می‌باشند.نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که با استفاده از مولفه‌های مالی شامل، هزینه خدمات، عملکرد، خوش حسابی، میزان وثیقه و میزان خرید نمایندگی‌های ارائه دهنده خدمات پس از فروش بر مدیریت بهینه ریسک اعتباری تاثیر دارند. و همچنین الگوریتم کرم شب تاب و الگوریتم‌ کلونی زنبور عسل توانایی پیش‌بینی مدیریت بهینه ریسک اعتباری را با استفاده از مولفه‌های مالی دارا می‌باشند. پرونده مقاله

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600 - ارائه سیستم معاملاتی هوشمند مبتنی بر اندیکاتورهای تحلیل تکنیکال بهینه شده با الگوریتم کرم شب تاب
فاطمه آسیائی طاهری غلامرضا زمردیان میرفیض فلاح شمس

هدف اصلی سرمایه‌گذاران در بازار سهام، کسب بیشترین بازده در زمان مورد نظر می‌باشد، لذا معرفی مناسب ترین روش جهت انجام معاملات برای سرمایه‌گذاران از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. معاملات موفق در بازارهای مالی می‌بایست نزدیک به نقاط کلیدی بازگشتی انجام گردد. در سال‌های اخیر چکیده کامل

هدف اصلی سرمایه‌گذاران در بازار سهام، کسب بیشترین بازده در زمان مورد نظر می‌باشد، لذا معرفی مناسب ترین روش جهت انجام معاملات برای سرمایه‌گذاران از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. معاملات موفق در بازارهای مالی می‌بایست نزدیک به نقاط کلیدی بازگشتی انجام گردد. در سال‌های اخیر سیستم‌های مختلفی به منظور شناسایی این نقاط بازگشتی ایجاد شده‌اند. تحلیل تکنیکال سعی در شناسایی نقاط صحیح و به موقع برای ورود و خروج به معاملات را دارد.در این مقاله در تلاش هستیم تا با بهره‌گیری از قواعد تکنیکی طبق پژوهش‌ها و نتایج پیشین که‌ دارای درصد موفقیت بالاتری باشد، را انتخاب نموده و با به کارگیری محاسبات نرم، پارامترهای تصمیم‌گیری در قواعد تکنیک با استفاده از الگوریتم کرم شب تاب بهبود داده شود.نتایج این مدل با نتایج حاصل از به‌کارگیری پارامترهای استاندارد اندیکاتورها و نتایج حاصل از راهبرد خرید و نگهداری مقایسه می‌شود. به منظور اعتبار سنجی سیستم معاملاتی معرفی شده، به مقایسه آن با نتایج حاصل از سیستم هوشمند بهینه سازی شده مبتنی بر روش اپتیک و الگوریتم ژنتیک پرداختیم. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که با بهینه سازی پارامترهای اندیکاتورهای تحلیل تکنیکال می توان بازدهی سرمایه‌گذاری را نسبت به روش های معمول در بازار سهام و پژوهش‌های پیشین افزایش داد. پرونده مقاله

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601 - استفاده از الگوریتم ترکیبی عصبی کرم شب‌تاب و روش رگولاسیون بیزین جهت پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام
سید علیرضا موسوی افسانه غلامی

پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام در آینده هم برای خریداران سهام و هم برای فروشندگان آن از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. از این رو، جهت توسعه مدلی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی به منظور پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام در بازار ایران از شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی در این پژوهش استفاده گردیده است. از آنجایی که شبکه‌های چکیده کامل

پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام در آینده هم برای خریداران سهام و هم برای فروشندگان آن از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. از این رو، جهت توسعه مدلی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی به منظور پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام در بازار ایران از شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی در این پژوهش استفاده گردیده است. از آنجایی که شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی می‌بایست جهت حصول بهینه‌ترین عملکرد دارای بهترین توپولوژی شبکه باشند، از الگوریتم فرا ابتکاری شناخته‌شده‌ای تحت عنوان کرم شب‌تاب جهت یافتن ساختار بهینه شبکه استفاده گردیده است. در نهایت نیز جهت حفظ هرچه بیشتر عمومیت شبکه از روش رگولاسیون بیزین، به جای روش های متداول آموزش، جهت آموزش شبکه استفاده گردیده است. بطور کلی، داده‌های مربوط به سه شرکت بزرگ: ایران خودرو، پتروشیمی شیراز و ذوب آهن اصفهان برای سه سال متوالی مورد جمع‌آوری قرار گرفته و از پارامترهای: حجم معاملات، قیمت بالا، قیمت پایین، قیمت باز، قیمت پایانی، EMA(5)، EMA(10)، RSI، William R%، Stochastic k%، Stochastic D%، و ROC بعنوان ورودی شبکه و از قیمت پایانی سهام در روز آینده بعنوان خروجی شبکه عصبی استفاده گردیده است. پس از توسعه مدل مرتبط با هر شرکت از پارامترهای آماری نظیر: مجذور میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE)، انحراف از معیار خطا (SDE)، متوسط مطلق خطای نسبی (AARD)، ضریب رگرسیون (R2)و همچنین آنالیز گرافیکی نمودار خطای نسبی جهت سنجش دقت شبکه توسعه داده شده استفاده گردیده است. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز خطای شبکه‌های عصبی توسعه داده شده نشان می‌دهند که مدل‌های مذکور با دقت بسیار مناسبی قادر به پیش‌بینی قیمت سهام در روز آینده برای شرکت‌های ذکر شده می‌باشند. پرونده مقاله

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602 - انتخاب پرتفوی چند منظوره فازی مبتنی بر مدل بازده مقطعی تحلیل پوششی داده ها در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
فاضل محمدی نوده ایوب احمدی موسی آبادی مسعود اسدی عباس بابایی شعبان محمدی

مجموعه های چند منظوره فازی نیاز به داده های دقیق را جهت تصمیم گیری کاهش می دهند. تحلیل پوششی داده ها چارچوبی تئوریک برای تحلیل عملکرد و اندازه گیری کارایی است. مجموعه فازی باعث افزایش کاربرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها می گردد. سنجش کارایی شرکت ها با کمک تحلیل پوششی داد چکیده کامل

مجموعه های چند منظوره فازی نیاز به داده های دقیق را جهت تصمیم گیری کاهش می دهند. تحلیل پوششی داده ها چارچوبی تئوریک برای تحلیل عملکرد و اندازه گیری کارایی است. مجموعه فازی باعث افزایش کاربرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها می گردد. سنجش کارایی شرکت ها با کمک تحلیل پوششی داده ها می تواند به عنوان راه کاری به سرمایه گذاران در انتخاب شرکت جهت سرمایه گذاری کمک نماید. در این پژوهش مشکل انتخاب پرتفوی فازی در یک چارچوب چند منظوره مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. مدلی جامع برای انتخاب پرتفوی چند منظوره در محیط فازی با استفاده از مدل نیمه واریانس میانگین و مدل آنالیز توسعه اطلاعات با بازده مقطعی ارایه شده است. داده ها از 40 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران و بازده فازی ذوزنقه ای از 40 ورقه بهادار و داده های مورد نیاز برای ورودی ها و خروجی تحلیل پوششی داده ها از صورت های مالی شرکت ها از ابتدای سال 1396 تا انتهای سال1396بدست آمد. 16پارامتر مالی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نسبت شارپ، مدل بازده مقطعی در چارچوب نسبت شارپ و الگوریتم کرم شب تاب چند منظوره برای حل مدل بهینه سازی سهام چند منظوره توسعه داده و استفاده گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل با نرم افزار متلب انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش ارائه شده در این پژوهش برای انتخاب پرتفوی چند منظوره فازی نسبت به سایر روش ها مناسب تر بوده و برای تحلیل عملکرد، کارایی و به انتخاب شرکت جهت سرمایه گذاری نتایج بهتری را ارائه می دهد. پرونده مقاله

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603 - On the irreducibility of the complex specialization of the representation of the Hecke algebra of the complex reflection group $G_7$
M. Y. Chreif M. Abdulrahim

We consider a 2-dimensional representation of the Hecke algebra $H(G_7, u)$, where$G_7$ is the complex reflection group and $u$ is the set of indeterminates$u = (x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2,y_3,z_1,z_2,z_3)$.After specializing the indetrminates to non zero complex numbers, we then چکیده کامل

We consider a 2-dimensional representation of the Hecke algebra $H(G_7, u)$, where$G_7$ is the complex reflection group and $u$ is the set of indeterminates$u = (x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2,y_3,z_1,z_2,z_3)$.After specializing the indetrminates to non zero complex numbers, we then determine a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees the irreducibility of the complex specializationof the representation of the Hecke algebra $H(G_7, u)$. پرونده مقاله

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604 - Subcategories of topological algebras
V. L. Gompa

In addition to exploring constructions and properties of limits and colimits in categories of topologicalalgebras, we study special subcategories of topological algebras and their properties. In particular, undercertain conditions, reflective subcategories when paired w چکیده کامل

In addition to exploring constructions and properties of limits and colimits in categories of topologicalalgebras, we study special subcategories of topological algebras and their properties. In particular, undercertain conditions, reflective subcategories when paired with topological structures give rise to reflectivesubcategories and epireflective subcategories give rise to epireflective subcategories. پرونده مقاله

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605 - پیش‌بینی الگوی مفهومی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر تفکر تأملی: مورد مطالعه برنامه درسی کارشناسی علوم تربیتی
نوشین شاه بهرامی

پژوهش حاضر، به پیش بینی الگوی مفهومی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر تفکر تأملی در دوره کارشناسی علوم تربیتی پرداخته است. این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و روش انجام آن زمینه ای است. جامعه آماری شامل دو گروه کلیه متخصصان برنامه درسی به تعداد 20 نفر و مدرسان مدعو ذیربط به تعداد 165 ن چکیده کامل

پژوهش حاضر، به پیش بینی الگوی مفهومی برنامه درسی مبتنی بر تفکر تأملی در دوره کارشناسی علوم تربیتی پرداخته است. این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و روش انجام آن زمینه ای است. جامعه آماری شامل دو گروه کلیه متخصصان برنامه درسی به تعداد 20 نفر و مدرسان مدعو ذیربط به تعداد 165 نفر در دانشگاه های آزاد اسلامی استان مازندران بوده است. برای تعیین حجم نمونه، در جامعه آماری متخصصان برنامه ریزی درسی، تمامی اعضا به عنوان نمونه در دسترس انتخاب شدند و تعداد نمونه مدرسان ذیربط از طریق فرمول تعیین حجم کوکران 116 نفر و به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب گردیدند و در مجموع حجم نمونه 136 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است که با مقیاس اسمی و با طیف چهار گزینه ای تهیه شد و پس از تأیید روایی پرسشنامه، پایایی آزمون با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ، 92/0 به دست آمد. به منظور تحلیل داده های گردآوری شده، از شاخص های توصیفی (فراوانی و درصد) و آمار استنباطی(خی دو) استفاده گردید. یافته ها نشان داد که توجه و بکارگیری مؤلفه های تفکر تأملی در نظام آموزش عالی با تأکید بر دوره کارشناسی علوم تربیتی از دیدگاه هر دو گروه مورد تأیید است پرونده مقاله

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606 - اثر تیمارهای تلفیقی کنترل علف‌های هرز بر برخی صفات رشدی و کیفی لوبیا چشم بلبلی(Vigna sinensis L.)
عباس نصیری دهسرخی حسن مکاریان منوچهر قلی پور حمید عباس دخت عفیفه نیسی

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز بر برخی صفات رشدی و کیفی لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود در سال 1393 انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 12 تیمار: عدم‌وجین، وجین تمام‌فصل، علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دو چکیده کامل

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های هرز بر برخی صفات رشدی و کیفی لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود در سال 1393 انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 12 تیمار: عدم‌وجین، وجین تمام‌فصل، علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دوز توصیه‌شده (960 گرم ماده‌موثره در هکتار) و علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دوز کاهش‌یافته(480 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار)، امواج فراصوت (با فرکانس ثابت 24 کیلوهرتز به مدت شش دقیقه) و هیدروپرایمینگ هریک بصورت مجزا در ترکیب با تیما‌رهای فوق بودند. نتایج نشان داد شاخص سطح برگ و ارتفاع اولین غلاف از سطح خاک در تیمار ترکیبی امواج فراصوت+وجین تمام فصل به ترتیب 6/51 و 60 درصدی نسبت به شاهد آلوده به علف هرز افزایش یافت. تیمارهای امواج فراصوت + وجین و هیدروپرایمینگ + وجین به ترتیب سبب افزایش 3/7 و 5/7 درصدی پروتئین دانه نسبت به شاهد آلوده به علف هرز شدند. همچنین تیمارهای فراصوت و پرایمینگ در ترکیب با دوز کاهش‌یافته علف‌کش، شاخص کلروفیل برگ و عملکرد دانه را معادل تیمار علف‌کش توصیه‌شده و وجین تمام فصل افزایش دادند. تیمارهای امواج فراصوت و پرایمینگ در ترکیب با دوز کاهش‌یافته علف‌کش تریفلورالین توانستند به‌اندازه دوز کامل این علف‌کش، تراکم و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز را کاهش دهند. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، استفاده از روش‌های پیش تیمار بذری همچون هیدروپرایمینگ و امواج فراصوت در ترکیب با دوز کاهش‌یافته علف‌کش می‌تواند ضمن کنترل مطلوب علف های هرز و بهبود رشد گیاه، مصرف علف‌کش‌ها را کاهش دهد. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

607 - بررسی تنوع و روابط بین صفات کمی و کیفی علوفه شبدر قرمز در شرایط اقلیمی شهرستان بروجرد
شهرام نخجوان علی اشرف جعفری مهدی خراط چی محمد شاهوردی

این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار تحت شرایط کشت آبی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بروجرد در سال زراعی92-91 اجراء گردید. صفات عملکرد علوفه، ارتفاع بوته، نسبت برگ به ساقه، سرعت رشد مجدد و صفات کیفی درصد قابلیت هضم، درصد پروتئین خام، کربوهید چکیده کامل

این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار تحت شرایط کشت آبی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بروجرد در سال زراعی92-91 اجراء گردید. صفات عملکرد علوفه، ارتفاع بوته، نسبت برگ به ساقه، سرعت رشد مجدد و صفات کیفی درصد قابلیت هضم، درصد پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات های محلول در آب، درصد فیبر نامحلول در اسید (ADF)، درصد فیبر خام و درصد خاکستر با استفاده از تکنولوژی طیف سنج مادون قرمز نزدیک (NIR) اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد ارقام چهارمحال، رنوا، شهر کرد و رستی با دامنه 3/17 الی 3/18 تن در هکتار علوفه خشک در مجموع سه چین بیشترین عملکرد علوفه در سال را داشتند. در بین آنها رنوا و شهرکرد بیشترین ارتفاع و نسبت برگ به ساقه را داشتند. در صورتی که رقم چهارمحال از نظر صفات کیفی قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام دارای میانگین بیشتری بود. ضرایب همبستگی ساده بین عملکرد علوفه با ارتفاع بوته و قابلیت هضم مثبت و با نسبت برگ به ساقه و کربوهیدرات های محلول در آب همبستگی منفی و معنی دار بود. ضریب همبستگی بین قابلیت هضم با درصد پروتئین مثبت و معنی دار و هر دو صفت با درصد کربوهیدراتهای محلول در آب، فیبر خام و ADFهمبستگی منفی و معنی دار داشتند. نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی(PCA) نشان داد که 3 مؤلفه اصلی اول در مجموع 72% تغییرات کل را توجیه نمودند. در تجزیه کلاستر به روش Ward، 15 ژنوتیپ شبدر قرمز در 3 کلاستر قرار گرفتند. جمعیت های شهرکرد و رنوا در کلاستر3 دارای عملکرد علوفه بیشتری بودند ولی از لحاظ کیفیت علوفه درحد متوسط بودند. در مقابل جمعیت های کلاستر2 دارای عملکرد متوسط ولی کیفیت بهتری بودند. جمعیت های کلاستر1 از لحاظ صفات کمی و کیفی دارای ارزش کمتری بودند. پرونده مقاله

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608 - The Investigation of the Interaction between Lomefloxacin and Human Serume Albumin by Specteroscopic Methods
F. S. Goldouzian Z. S. Goldouzian M. Momen Heravi J. Khanchamani

10.22034/jchr.2012.543983

Mechanism of the binding of lomefloxacin (LMF) with human serum albumin has been studied at physiological pH (7.4) using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. LMF is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exhibits striking potency against a broad spectrum of چکیده کامل

Mechanism of the binding of lomefloxacin (LMF) with human serum albumin has been studied at physiological pH (7.4) using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. LMF is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exhibits striking potency against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of DNA gyrase. Lomefloxacin is a drug that is excreted in urine and has very variable systemic absorption. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most important and abundant constituent of blood plasma and serves as a protein storage component. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of HSA was determined through X-ray crystallographic measurement. Fluorescence studies showed that (LMF) has an ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a static quenchingÂ procedureÂ according to the Sternâ€“Volmer equation .LMF showed two types of binding sites, the first having a very high affinity (1/72 Ã—107M-1) and a secondary binding site with an affinity two orders lower than the primary site. The number of binding sites for complex: HSA-LMF at 280 nm was calculated 1and0.5. The microenvironment of tryptophan and tyrosin residues and more hydrophobic of fluorophores microenvironment were changed and disturbed by the blue shift in maximum wavelength and decreased in fluorescence intensity in the presence of lomefloxacin revealedÂ decreased polarity of the fluorophores. The binding site for LMF is in a hydrophobic pocket in the sub-domain II A of HSA. پرونده مقاله

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609 - لایه نشانی ترکیبات بازتابنده بالای فرابنفش روی پارچه پنبه – نایلون 66 بمنظور استتار اهداف نظامی در مناطق برفی
عباس بشارتی سیدانی فرید اخوان صدر

در این تحقیق با افزایش خاصیت انعکاس فرابنفش پارچه پنبه– نایلون 66 پوشش مناسبی جهت استتار اهداف نظامی در مناطق برفی تهیه شد. برای این منظور ابتدا چند ترکیب با انعکاس فرابنفش بالا مانند سولفات باریم، دی اکسید سیلیسیم و پلی تترافلوئورواتیلن (PTFE) توسط اسید سیتریک و چکیده کامل

در این تحقیق با افزایش خاصیت انعکاس فرابنفش پارچه پنبه– نایلون 66 پوشش مناسبی جهت استتار اهداف نظامی در مناطق برفی تهیه شد. برای این منظور ابتدا چند ترکیب با انعکاس فرابنفش بالا مانند سولفات باریم، دی اکسید سیلیسیم و پلی تترافلوئورواتیلن (PTFE) توسط اسید سیتریک و هیپوفسفیت سدیم (SHP) روی پارچه لایه نشانی شد و سپس توسط عملیات حرارتی تثبیت گشت. تأثیر پارامترهای موثر شامل نوع و مقدار ترکیبات، مقدار اسید سیتریک و SHP و دمای عملیات حرارتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. رفتار انعکاسی و مورفولوژی سطحی پارچه به ترتیب توسط طیف سنج انعکاسی فرابنفش- مرئی و میکروسکوپ الکترون روبشی (SEM) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با لایه نشانی ذرات سولفات باریم روی پارچه، میزان بازتاب فرابنفش و مرئی تا 85% افزایش می یابد. بنابراین پوشش منسوجی مناسبی جهت استتار در مناطق برفی حاصل شده است. ثبات مالشی و شستشویی بسیار مناسب ذرات سولفات باریم تثبیت شده روی پارچه نشان می دهد که این ذرات توسط پیوندهای شیمیایی روی الیاف پارچه به ویژه الیاف پنبه متصل شده اند. بهرحال روش بکار گرفته شده در این تحقیق تاثیر قابل ملاحظه ای روی ساختار الیاف پنبه و نایلون 66 ندارد. پارامترهایی همچون مقدار اسید سیتریک، SHP و دمای عملیات حرارتی دارای یک مقدار بهینه بوده و بنابراین بکارگیری آنها بیش از این مقدار سبب کاهش میزان بازتاب فرابنفش و مرئی پارچه لایه نشانی شده می گردد. پرونده مقاله

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610 - ساخت و بررسی خواص ساختاری و جذب امواج الکترومغناطیسی در کامپوزیت های باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات/فریت کبالت-روی
احمد پوربافرانی

در این تحقیق کامپوزیت‌های باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات / فریت کبالت-روی که از دو فاز مغناطیسی متفاوت تشکیل شده، مورد بررسی قرار داده شده است. فاز پیروالکتریک شامل ذرات باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات با اندازه‌ی ذرات در حدود 150 نانومتر و فاز مغناطیسی نرم شامل نانوذرات فریت کبالت& چکیده کامل

در این تحقیق کامپوزیت‌های باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات / فریت کبالت-روی که از دو فاز مغناطیسی متفاوت تشکیل شده، مورد بررسی قرار داده شده است. فاز پیروالکتریک شامل ذرات باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات با اندازه‌ی ذرات در حدود 150 نانومتر و فاز مغناطیسی نرم شامل نانوذرات فریت کبالت–روی با اندازه‌ی ذرات در حدود 30 نانومتر است. هر دو فاز به کمک روش سل- ژل و هر یک با استوکیومتری به-خصوصی تهیه شده‌اند. آنالیزهای پراش پرتو X تشکیل فاز خالصی را برای هر یک از فازهای مغناطیسی نشان داد و آنالیز FESEM بیانگر خواص ساختاری نانوذرات فریت کبالت-روی و باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات در ساختار است. بررسی گذردهی الکتریکی، تراوایی مغناطیسی و اتلاف بازتابی نمونه‌ها در محدوده فرکانسی GHz 18-1 چگونگی پاسخ امواج الکترومغناطیسی به این نمونه‌ها را در این محدوده‌ی فرکانسی نشان داد. بر طبق اتلاف بازتابی مربوط به کامپوزیت‌ها، دو مکانیزم برای جذب امواج الکترومغناطیسی وجود دارد. در ناحیه ابتدایی این محدوده‌ی فرکانسی، اتلاف مغناطیسی ناشی از وجود نانوذرات فریت کبالت-روی غالب بوده و در ناحیه انتهایی این محدوده، اتلاف دی-الکتریکی ناشی از وجود ذرات باریم استرانسیوم تیتانات غالب است. پرونده مقاله

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611 - Manufacturing a trough parabolic solar collector and predicting its theoretical performance
محمود تاجی

The aim of this research was manufacturing a parabolic trough solar collector in which reflecting surface is made of mirror steel rather than usual mirror and also predicting its theoretical performance.by adjusting planar ⩝ -shaped structures parallel to each other and چکیده کامل

The aim of this research was manufacturing a parabolic trough solar collector in which reflecting surface is made of mirror steel rather than usual mirror and also predicting its theoretical performance.by adjusting planar ⩝ -shaped structures parallel to each other and welding them together, the main supporting structure was assembled and a parabolic-shape Teflon arc was installed in the aperture of each ⩝-shaped structure. Then the steel plate was installed on the main structure to form a parabolic trough surface. Other components were manufactured and assembled according to conventional methods. In order to predict performance, efficiency was formulated as a function of incident angle according to the related theory. By programing in MATLAB, net rate of heat absorption and efficiency were calculated and corresponding diagrams plotted against apparent solar time for several days of the year. The results indicated that when solar radiation was close to vertical, efficiency increased form fifty percent in the morning to sixty at noon and decreased to fifty again in the afternoon. Otherwise it decreased from sixty percent in the morning to fifty at noon and increased to sixty again in the afternoon. Maximum net rate of heat absorption (w/m 2) occurred at noon (450-550) and the minimum at sunrise and sunset (400-450). Although the efficiency of the manufactured collector is slightly different from that of usual ones, less assembly time and cost and higher quality of surface geometry and more durability of reflecting surface are considerable compared with conventional collectors of this type. پرونده مقاله

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612 - Prediction of Surface in Machining by Flat and Spherical Surface Tools
محمد رضا موحدی امیر جدیری فیضی

In this paper, the profile of surfaces machined using end mills with flat and ball end tools in modeled. The real kinematics of the tool motion, the static deflection and the run out of the tool are included in the model. The cutting forces are calculated using a semi-e چکیده کامل

In this paper, the profile of surfaces machined using end mills with flat and ball end tools in modeled. The real kinematics of the tool motion, the static deflection and the run out of the tool are included in the model. The cutting forces are calculated using a semi-empirical method based on orthogonal to oblique conversion of cutting coefficients. The thickness of the uncut chip is used as the critical parameter affected by the tool run out. Based on the above model, the final profile of the surface is generated and compared with existing experimental results پرونده مقاله

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613 - EFL Learners’ Pragmatic Motivation Development via Exposure to Movie-Watching
Farahnaz Dayani Vale Jalali Massoud Tajadini Neda Fatehi Rad

An aspect responsible for lack of suitable communicative skills is inappropriate level of motivation among the learners. The goal of this study was to consider the impact of using film watching on the pragmatic motivation of EFL learners. To this purpose, an experimenta چکیده کامل

An aspect responsible for lack of suitable communicative skills is inappropriate level of motivation among the learners. The goal of this study was to consider the impact of using film watching on the pragmatic motivation of EFL learners. To this purpose, an experimental study was carried out with medical students. The sample of the study was composed of 60 nursing students aged 19 to 24. To ensure that the participants English proficiency, Quick Oxford Placement Test (OQPT) was run. Finally, 54 participants established the subjects of the study; then, being randomly classified into two equal groups of experimental (EG=27) and control (CG=27). Pre and post Pragmatic Motivation Questionnaire (Tajeddin and Zand-Moghadam, 2012) were used to collect the data. The results of the study indicated that watching films by the EFL learners could impact their level of motivation significantly. The achievements suggested the extensive use of movies in the language classes that could lead to both pragmatic knowledge and the subjects’ level of pragmatic motivation. پرونده مقاله

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614 - ارزیابی پارامتری گود پایدار شده به روش میخ‌کوبی در خاک‌های چسبنده و غیرچسبنده
مجمد نجفی صالحی نجفی صالحی سینا فرد مرادی نیا روزبه دبیری

امروزه ترافیک سنگین و مشکلات حمل و نقل شهری از مهمترین مشکلات شهرهای بزرگ است. به نظر می‌رسد که یکی از بهترین روش‌ها در جهت کاهش این مشکلات استفاده از حمل و نقل زیرزمینی و تونل‌های شهری است. مطالعات ژئوتکنیک از عوامل مهم در تعیین نوع، شکل و هزینه ساخت سازه‌های زیرزمینی چکیده کامل

امروزه ترافیک سنگین و مشکلات حمل و نقل شهری از مهمترین مشکلات شهرهای بزرگ است. به نظر می‌رسد که یکی از بهترین روش‌ها در جهت کاهش این مشکلات استفاده از حمل و نقل زیرزمینی و تونل‌های شهری است. مطالعات ژئوتکنیک از عوامل مهم در تعیین نوع، شکل و هزینه ساخت سازه‌های زیرزمینی به حساب می‌آید. به عبارت دیگر نوع، طراحی و ساخت آنها به شرایط زمین‌شناسی و ژئوتکنیکی وابسته است. باید توجه داشت که در بسیاری موارد اختیار زمین مناسب برای حفاری‌های زیرزمینی جهت احداث سازه‌های زیرزمینی وجود ندارد که بر این اساس ایستگاه‌های شهری اجبارا باید در محدوده معینی احداث شوند و این امکان وجود ندارد که برای دستیابی به زمین مناسبتر، مسیر آنها تغییر داده شود. در این تحقیق با کمک نرم‌افزار PLAXIS به بررسی متغیر گود دیواره در ورودی شمالی ایستگاه شماره 6 متروی تهران پرداخته شده است. اثر متغیرهای خاک (متغیرهای مدول موهر-کولمب)، متغیرهای ساختمان (عرض ساختمان، فاصله ساختمان) و متغیرهای گود (عرض و عمق گود) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که جابجایی در راستای طولی دیواره گود در حالت تحلیل تحکیم نسبت به مقدار جابجایی در راستای طولی دیواره گود در حالت تحلیل پلاستیک افزایش یافته است. همچنین حداکثر نیروی داخلی در میخ‌های ناحیه یک سوم پایینی بوجود می‌آید. پرونده مقاله

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615 - Firefly Technique Based on Optimal Congestion Management in an Electricity Market
Jafar Bolouck Azari Noradin Ghadimi

Nowadays, congestion management is one of the major tasks accomplished by system operators to warrant the operation of transmission system within operating limits. This has resulted in unanticipated congestion interfaces in regional transmission systems. The system is, چکیده کامل

Nowadays, congestion management is one of the major tasks accomplished by system operators to warrant the operation of transmission system within operating limits. This has resulted in unanticipated congestion interfaces in regional transmission systems. The system is, however, unable to evolve at a rate which is required to meet the quickly changing demand of competitive markets. To make the matters worse, the functional unbundling of generation company and system operator will further threaten reliable operation of entire grid due to the lack of coordination between generation and transmission. Thus, a sensible way of dealing with congestion has become vital to maintaining current level of high reliability. In this paper Firefly Algorithm (FA) is used for solving economic load dispatch problem for raise efficiency, increase safety margins and reduce cost of distribution network unit production regarding to practical constraints such as maximum network voltage, maximum transmission line current, power balance and load level. The proposed technique is applied on 30 and 118 buses power system in comparison with CPSO, PSOTVAC, PSOTVIW and ABC پرونده مقاله

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616 - عملکرد صداوسیمای استان ایلام در انعکاس برنامه‌های کاندیداهای مجلس شورای اسلامی: مورد مطالعه حوزه شمال استان
احمد علیمحمدی علی مرادی ادریس بهشتی نیا

10.30495/psq.2023.1986670.2205

یکی از عوامل موثر بر انعکاس برنامه های نامزدهای انتخاباتی، رسانه‌های‌ گروهی هستند که از طریق تاثیرگذاری در عقاید و افکار افراد و جلب اعتماد و اعتقاد آنان و ایجاد همکاری و هماهنگی عمومی اقدام می کنند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف عملکرد صداوسیمای استان ایلام در انعکاس برنامه‌های کا چکیده کامل

یکی از عوامل موثر بر انعکاس برنامه های نامزدهای انتخاباتی، رسانه‌های‌ گروهی هستند که از طریق تاثیرگذاری در عقاید و افکار افراد و جلب اعتماد و اعتقاد آنان و ایجاد همکاری و هماهنگی عمومی اقدام می کنند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف عملکرد صداوسیمای استان ایلام در انعکاس برنامه‌های کاندیداهای مجلس شورای اسلامی با تأکید بر حوزه شمال استان صورت گرفته است. روش این مطالعه در بعد هدف توصیفی از پیمایشی است. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخت و جامعه آماری بخش دلفی شامل 30 نفر از متخصصان به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و در بخش پیمایش شهروندان 21 سال به بالای شهرهای حوزه شمالی در سال 1401 که بر اساس نرم‌افزار سمپل پاور 380 نفر به شیوه نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌های به دست آمده از طریق نرم‌افزار SPSS و با آزمون تی تک نمونه ای آزمون شدند. نتایج نشان می دهد که میانگین نمره تأثیر صدا و سیما در انعکاس برنامه های کاندیدها 79/37، بالا بردن میزان مشارکت مردم 91/20، انتخاب فرد اصلح برابر 97/10، شفاف سازی و اطلاع رسانی به مردم 10/14، انعکاس ویژگی های شخصیتی کاندیدا 01/14 و در مطالبه گری از منتخبین قبلی 19/13 است. پرونده مقاله

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617 - Designing and Validating a Self-Assessment Tool for Improving the Speaking Skill of Iranian EFL Learners
Ali Fathi Karizak Shahram Afraz Fazlolah Samimi

This study aimed to examine the different components of the speaking self-assessment instrument, and the most and least influential factors in the self- assessment instrument affecting Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill. Finally, utilizing a grounded theory, the model چکیده کامل

This study aimed to examine the different components of the speaking self-assessment instrument, and the most and least influential factors in the self- assessment instrument affecting Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill. Finally, utilizing a grounded theory, the model of self -assessment Instrument affecting Iranian EFL learners' speaking skill was designed and validated. Accordingly, 20 language experts and 350 Iranian EFL learners were selected based on convenience sampling. The data were gathered via interviews and questionnaire. The data was analyzed by MAXODA. The findings revealed two broad categories of most influential factors in the self-assessment instrument affecting Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill are classroom practice concerns EFL teachers’ actions in EFL speaking classrooms and conceptions referring to their beliefs about assessment in general and self-assessment in particular. In addition to teacher assessment, it was also reported using peer assessment can be influential. The participants explained that sometimes comment on their peers’ speaking productions can be conductive. Regarding the assessment techniques, the participants did not provide much information concerning the assessment procedures as no reference was made to any particular assessment techniques or tasks. As far as the least influential factors are concerned, teachers’ formative feedback, and assessment criteria were mentioned, implying that they do not have any significant impact on self- assessment instrument affecting Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill. Consequently, the model of self-assessment instrument affecting Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill emerges includes some characteristics and advantages, as well as disadvantages and challenges پرونده مقاله

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618 - Impact of Technology-based Instruction on the Improvement of Iranian EFL Learners' Metaphorical Competence
Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi

Metaphors play an important role in language learning. Previous research has shown that Iranian EFL learners often struggle with the use and comprehension of metaphors in English, which can hinder their overall language proficiency. In recent years, technology-based ins چکیده کامل

Metaphors play an important role in language learning. Previous research has shown that Iranian EFL learners often struggle with the use and comprehension of metaphors in English, which can hinder their overall language proficiency. In recent years, technology-based instruction has gained popularity in language learning, and many studies have investigated its effectiveness in improving learners' language skills. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of technology-based instruction on learners' metaphorical competence. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of technology-based instruction on the improvement of Iranian EFL learners' metaphorical competence. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental design was employed, with two groups of participants: an experimental group (n=30) who received technology-based instruction on metaphors, and a control group (n=30) who received traditional instruction. Data were collected using a pre-test and a post-test, which measured participants' metaphorical competence and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests. The results demonstrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in post-test scores, indicating that technology-based instruction was effective in improving Iranian EFL learners' metaphorical competence. Implications for language teaching and learning are discussed. پرونده مقاله

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619 - ارتباط بین استفاده از تکنیک های یادگیری با انگیزه ی فراگیری و تفکر انتقادی در بین فراگیران زبان انگلیسی در رشته بهداشت و تکنولوژی مواد غذایی
Fariba Rahimi مریم آغایلی Esmail Hosseini

این تحقیق با هدف کشف نوع تکنیکهای یادگیری زبان آموزی مورد استفاده دانشجویان ایرانی در رشته بهداشت و تکنولوژی مواد غذایی و همچنین یافتن رابطه بین استفاده از تکنیکهای یادگیری زبان با تفکر انتقادی و سطح انگیزش این زبان آموزان انجام شد. بدین منظور 60 شرکت کننده به صورت تصا چکیده کامل

این تحقیق با هدف کشف نوع تکنیکهای یادگیری زبان آموزی مورد استفاده دانشجویان ایرانی در رشته بهداشت و تکنولوژی مواد غذایی و همچنین یافتن رابطه بین استفاده از تکنیکهای یادگیری زبان با تفکر انتقادی و سطح انگیزش این زبان آموزان انجام شد. بدین منظور 60 شرکت کننده به صورت تصادفی از بین دانشجویان کارشناسی در رشته بهداشت وتکنولوژی مواد غذایی انتخاب شدند. دانشجویان نامبرده که در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد در حال تحصیل بودند از نظر تسلط بر زبان انگلیسی از طریق آزمون تعیین سطح سریع آکسفورد (OQPT) همگن شدند. سپس، یک فهرست 50 موردی استراتژی یادگیری زبان برای شرکت‌کنندگان اجرا شد تا انواع تکنیکهای یادگیری مورد استفاده توسط آنها در طول دوره زبان آموزی خود را کشف کنند. سپس توانایی تفکر انتقادی و انگیزه شرکت کنندگان از طریق پرسشنامه های مربوطه تعیین شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که اکثر این دانشجویان استفاده از تکنیکهای شناختی را ترجیح می‌دهند. همچنین، نتایج به رابطه معنادار بین استفاده از تکنیکهای یادگیری زبان و پتانسیل تفکر انتقادی این دانشجویان و عدم وجود رابطه معنا داربین استفاده از تکنیکهای یادگیری زبان و انگیزه دانشجویان نامبرده اشاره کرد. نتایج همچنین کاربرد این یافته ها را برای دوره های فراگیری زبان برای اهداف ویژه ESP)) را ارائه می دهد. پرونده مقاله

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620 - The Effect of Online Learning on Interaction and Satisfaction of EFL Students During COVID-19 Pandemic
Shima Ghobadi Bahram Dehghanpour

The goal of this study was to see how technology affected EFL students' interaction and satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak when they were learning in online classes. Following the identification of the study's homogeneous participants, the participants were expos چکیده کامل

The goal of this study was to see how technology affected EFL students' interaction and satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak when they were learning in online classes. Following the identification of the study's homogeneous participants, the participants were exposed to two types of treatment, namely, online through the platform of Sky Room and face-to-face, traditional education. The treatment lasted for 10 sessions, 60 min each. In order to investigate the participants’ satisfaction, the satisfaction scale developed by Wu et al. (2010) was administered among the participants at the end of the treatment. In addition, to investigate the effect of online education on EFL learners’ interaction, the interaction scale established by (Karaman, 2015) was run among the participants after the treatment. The results of the Chi-square test revealed a significant difference between the interaction and satisfaction levels of the participants in online and traditional classes with the interaction and satisfaction levels being higher in online classes. The results have pedagogical implications for policymakers as well as practitioners. پرونده مقاله

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621 - The Effectiveness of Explicit Instruction of Communication Strategies on Speaking Fluency Skills: Lower Intermediate EFL Learners in Focus
Afshin Soori Aliakbar Zamani

Firstly, this research aimed to investigate the effect of communication strategies on Iranian female EFL learners’ speaking fluency. Secondly, the research attempted to clarify which of the employed communication strategies has been utilized by Iranian female EFL learne چکیده کامل

Firstly, this research aimed to investigate the effect of communication strategies on Iranian female EFL learners’ speaking fluency. Secondly, the research attempted to clarify which of the employed communication strategies has been utilized by Iranian female EFL learners more than other strategies in speaking in English. A quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was used to select 50 homogenized female EFL learners from the lower-intermediate levels. After the pre-test interview, all the participants attended the classes for ten sessions to become familiar with communication strategies. After the classroom treatment, the participants participated in the post-test interview. The findings revealed that the EFL learners’ performance in speaking fluency had been affected by explicit instruction of communication strategies, and the participants’ speaking fluency had enhanced after the classroom treatment. Furthermore, it was found that the participants of this study used an appeal for help more than other strategies. The study concluded that Iranian female EFL learners will have the chance to reach a productive and fluent level of speaking by developing their language knowledge, lexical competence, and use of functional methods in classroom settings. The findings suggest that EFL students respond to various CSs differently as they learn L2. Therefore, it would seem essential for EFL teachers to broaden and update their knowledge as well as try to identify and implement the teaching methods that are more effective and efficient in their classrooms. پرونده مقاله

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622 - The Effect of Explicit Strategy Training on EFL Learners’ Attitudes about Critical Thinking and Factors Affecting Its Successful Implementation
Parisa Bazaei Bahram Mowlaie Massood Yazdani Moghaddam

This study investigates the effect of strategy training on EFL learners’ attitudes regarding the concept and applicability of critical thinking in an educational context. To achieve this goal,80 EFL learners were selected using convenience sampling and homogenized based چکیده کامل

This study investigates the effect of strategy training on EFL learners’ attitudes regarding the concept and applicability of critical thinking in an educational context. To achieve this goal,80 EFL learners were selected using convenience sampling and homogenized based on the Oxford Placement Test.They completed a questionnaire adapted from Stupple et al.(2017) to assess their attitudes toward critical thinking,which served as the pre-test. Subsequently,the participants were divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group underwent strategy training over10 sessions,during which various strategies were explained, and participants practiced using them to solve problems and exchange feedback.Additionally,they discussed the applicability and challenges associated with critical thinking in an educational context.The control group received mainstream instruction.After the treatment,both groups completed the same critical thinking questionnaire as the posttest.Furthermore,qualitative interviews were conducted with participants from the experimental group to gain an in-depth understanding. The data analysis revealed significant changes in the attitudes of the experimental group.Overall,this study follows a quasi-experimental explanatory sequential mixed-method design “In nature,the data analysis showed that,in general,the attitudes of the experimental group had changed significantly in the post-test compared to the control group.However,there was no significant difference in the attitude of the experimental and control groups regarding the applicability of strategy training for improving critical thinking and their ability to deploy critical thinking effectively.The results of the interviews and the comment section showed that teachers’ theoretical knowledge and willingness,EFL learners’ preparedness, and educational factors play important roles in the successful implementation of strategy training for developing critical thinking among EFL learners.” پرونده مقاله

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623 - Revisiting the Role of Language Teachers’ Metalinguistic Knowledge in Classroom
Azam Pourmohammadi Kharrati firooz sadighi Mohhamadjavad Riasati

One area that has not gotten much attention in the professional literature on teaching second languages is the function of teacher metalinguistic knowledge in the classroom. Because it has historically been associated with formal grammar teaching, metalinguistic knowled چکیده کامل

One area that has not gotten much attention in the professional literature on teaching second languages is the function of teacher metalinguistic knowledge in the classroom. Because it has historically been associated with formal grammar teaching, metalinguistic knowledge has been disregarded or even abandoned as an essential part of pedagogical practice in many L2 classrooms. Nonetheless, new studies have shown how important it is to give form and meaning equal weight when teaching languages. This essay reviews studies on the value of teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge and how it relates to learners' improvement of language comprehension and proficiency. It also takes into account a number of potential benefits of possessing and using metalinguistic knowledge in L2 teaching especially teaching grammar in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. It is concluded based on this discussion that teachers' metalinguistic knowledge deserves a place in L2 classrooms. The study offers some implications for teachers and teacher educators, too. پرونده مقاله

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624 - The Effects of Age, Gender, and Experience on Grit, Anxiety, and Commitment of Kurdish EFL Secondary School Teachers
Bahroz Mawlood Jaleh Hassaskhah Hezha Abdallah

This mixed methods study examined the effects of three demographic variables, namely, grit, anxiety, and commitment, on Kurdish EFL teachers in Sulaimani Province secondary schools. To this end, using snowball purposive sampling, 73 Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers چکیده کامل

This mixed methods study examined the effects of three demographic variables, namely, grit, anxiety, and commitment, on Kurdish EFL teachers in Sulaimani Province secondary schools. To this end, using snowball purposive sampling, 73 Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers, 42 male and 31 female, aged between 22 and 50 with an experience range between 1 to 28 years, participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. Expanding the quantitative results, interviews with 10 participants were conducted to further the information and support the quantitative results. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the quantitative data, specifically, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation. A thematic analysis was conducted for the collected interview data. The quantitative findings indicated that age, gender, and experience significantly affected Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers’ grit, anxiety, and commitment. Results of the qualitative data revealed that Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers consistently pursue their educational goals and show unwavering persistence in the face of challenges. They also handle their anxiety by compartmentalizing personal issues and controlling their impulses to maintain a positive teaching environment, reflecting their understanding of the importance of teaching and their interest in developing their students. Lastly, Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers exhibit high levels of commitment to both the educational community and institutional standards, even when challenges appear. The results of this study are beneficial for policymakers, English language teachers, and also EFL learners. پرونده مقاله

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625 - واکاوی فلسفی ذهنیت پنج گانه مدیران آموزش عالی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی (مطالعه موردی: استان های تهران و البرز)
فاطمه پرسته قمبوانی حسین عباسی ساناز اسفندیاری مریم مصطفی پور حسین آبادی

هدف از انجام این پژوهش واکاوی فلسفی ذهنیت پنج گانه مدیران آموزش عالی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل مدیران دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان‌های تهران و البرز، در دو سطح عالی و میانی و در سه حوزه فعالیت شامل آموزشی، اجرایی و پژوهشی می‌باشند و نمونه به روش هد چکیده کامل

هدف از انجام این پژوهش واکاوی فلسفی ذهنیت پنج گانه مدیران آموزش عالی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل مدیران دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان‌های تهران و البرز، در دو سطح عالی و میانی و در سه حوزه فعالیت شامل آموزشی، اجرایی و پژوهشی می‌باشند و نمونه به روش هدفمند (قضاوتی) انتخاب شد. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، آمیخته (کیفی و کمی) است که از ابزار مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته در بخش کیفی و در بخش کمی با استفاده از داده‌های حاصل از بخش کیفی از ماتریس خود تعاملی ساختاری استفاده شد و برای سازگار ساختن ماتریس از قاعده بولین جهت کشف روابط بین شاخص‌ها و تعیین وضعیت آنها استفاده، و درنهایت گراف ISM ارائه گردید. یافته‌های حاصل از پژوهش حاضر نشانگر آن است که مدیران عالی دارای ذهنیتی عملگرا، مدیران میانی دارای ذهنیت تحلیلی، مدیران در حوزه آموزشی دارای ذهنیت مشارکتی، مدیران در حوزه اجرایی به طور مشترک دارای ذهنیت‌های جهانی و عملگرا و در مقابل مدیران در حوزه پژوهشی دارای ذهنیت انعکاسی می‌باشند. پرونده مقاله

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626 - اثربخشی ابزارهای مورد استفاده در یاددهی اندیشه ورز در آموزش زبان انگلیسی
حمید رضا فاطمی پور

چکیده :هدف از این مطالعه، ارزشیابی میزان اثربخشی ابزارهای مورد استفاده در یاددهی اندیشه ورز در آموزش زبان انگایسی بوده است. ابزار پژوهش شامل یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته تصمیم گیری معلم است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را استادان و دانشجویان گروه زبان انگایسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی وا چکیده کامل

چکیده :هدف از این مطالعه، ارزشیابی میزان اثربخشی ابزارهای مورد استفاده در یاددهی اندیشه ورز در آموزش زبان انگایسی بوده است. ابزار پژوهش شامل یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته تصمیم گیری معلم است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را استادان و دانشجویان گروه زبان انگایسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن(حدود ٦٠ استاد و ٢٥٠٠ دانشجو) در سال تحصیلی١٣٨٦-١٣٨٥ تشکیل می دادند. نمونۀ پژوهش در این مطالعه با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد که شامل ١٠ استاد و ٢٥١ دانشجو بود. این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی بوده و برای تحلیل دادهای پژوهش از روش تحلیل واریانس و به دست آوردن ضریب همبستگی میان متغیرها استفاده شده است. مقدار F به دست آمده از طریق روش تحلیل واریانس (١٢/٨) نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری در سطح ٥./. میان دادهای به دست آمده از طریق به کارگیری ابزارهای مختلف اندیشه ورز وجود دارد. هم چنین، یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که برخی از ابزارها در استخراج دادهای پایاتر کارایی بیشتری دارند. پرونده مقاله

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627 - ارتباط به‎کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری و سطح مهارت فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به‎عنوان یک زبان خارجی
مجتبی محمدی

چکیده: هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط به&lrm;کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری در فرآیند یادگیری زبان انگلیسی و مهارت زبانی آنها در میان دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی می&lrm;باشد. این گروه شامل 189 دانشجوی سال اول زبان انگلیسی بوده که به روش نمونه&lrm;گیری تصادفی گروهی از میان 368 دا چکیده کامل

چکیده: هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط به&lrm;کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری در فرآیند یادگیری زبان انگلیسی و مهارت زبانی آنها در میان دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی می&lrm;باشد. این گروه شامل 189 دانشجوی سال اول زبان انگلیسی بوده که به روش نمونه&lrm;گیری تصادفی گروهی از میان 368 دانشجوی سال اول زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی رودهن انتخاب شده‌اند. در این تحقیق از پرسش&lrm;نامه راهبردهای یادگیری زبان آکسفورد (SILL) و نسخه آزمون سنجش بسندگی زبان انگلیسی تافل ETS)) سال 2003 استفاده شده است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نمایانگر وجود همبستگی میان به&lrm;کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری و سطح مهارت زبان انگلیسی این دانشجویان می&lrm;باشد. علاوه بر این، تفاوت قابل ملاحظه‌ای بین دانشجویان دختر و پسر در به&lrm;کارگیری راهبردهای یادگیری و سطح مهارت آنها مشاهده نشده است. پرونده مقاله

دسترسی آزاد مقاله

628 - ساخت و هنجاریابی آزمون بازتاب هیجانی در دانشجویان دانشگاه های شهر قزوین
داوود افلاطونی اصغر مینایی

هدف پژوهش ساخت وهنجاریابی آزمون بازتاب هیجانی دردانشجویان دانشگاه های شهرقزوین میباشد.آزمودنیهای تحقیق شامل450نفرازدانشجویان دانشگاه های شهرقزوین سال تحصیلی95-94میباشندکه انتخاب آنهابه روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انجام شدسپس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده موردتجزیه وتحلیل قرارگرفت،برا چکیده کامل

هدف پژوهش ساخت وهنجاریابی آزمون بازتاب هیجانی دردانشجویان دانشگاه های شهرقزوین میباشد.آزمودنیهای تحقیق شامل450نفرازدانشجویان دانشگاه های شهرقزوین سال تحصیلی95-94میباشندکه انتخاب آنهابه روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انجام شدسپس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده موردتجزیه وتحلیل قرارگرفت،برای بررسی روایی محتوایی ازشاخص نسبت روایی محتوایی(CVR)لاوشه استفاده شد،برای بررسی پایایی ازروش آزمون-بازآزمون وآلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد،برای بررسی روایی ملاکی همزمان ازروش رگرسیون خطی چندمتغیره استفاده شد،برای بررسی روایی سازه از مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری وتحلیل عاملی تاییدی استفاده شد،ابتدا91سؤال برمبنای خصوصیات شخصیتی افراددرنظریه شخصیت ایناگرام که توسط گرجیف(1954)ارائه شده تهیه شدوبرای محاسبه روایی محتوایی،سؤالات دراختیار20نفرازاساتیدروانشناسی دانشگاه های قزوین قرارگرفت وروایی محتوایی به روش لاوشه محاسبه شددراین مرحله19سؤال به دلیل نداشتن روایی محتوایی حذف شدندسپس پایایی به روش آلفای کرونباخ وبازآزمایی محاسبه شدکه8سؤال حذف شد،برای محاسبه روایی ملاکی همزمان رابطه9مؤلفه آزمون با5عامل پرسشنامه شخصیت نئوفرم کوتاه بررسی شدکه نتایج نشان دادبین7عامل از9عامل آزمون بازتاب هیجانی باآزمون نئو رابطه مثبت وجود دارد بنابراین آزمون بازتاب هیجانی ازروایی ملاکی همزمان ازنوع همگراباآزمون نئوبرخورداراست سپس رابطه9مؤلفه باآزمون هوش هیجانی بار-ان بررسی شدکه نتایج نشان دادبه جزدو مؤلفه مهرطلب ودانش طلب کلیه مؤلفه هابا هوش هیجانی رابطه منفی دارند.پس ازبررسی روایی سازه به روش تحلیل عاملی تاییدی3سؤال به دلیل نداشتن روایی سازه حذف شد. پرونده مقاله

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629 - Iranian Bilingual EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate across Gender
زهره سیفوری

Interactive versatility in the global community is a vital skill that must be catered for particularly in EFL contexts where learners strive to achieve native like competence in order to enter the international market and compete with the numerous rivals who are floodin چکیده کامل

Interactive versatility in the global community is a vital skill that must be catered for particularly in EFL contexts where learners strive to achieve native like competence in order to enter the international market and compete with the numerous rivals who are flooding the job market. This competence, however, grows gradually during years of attending language classes and through participation in communicative activities for which willingness to community (WTC) is essential and may be impacted by individual differences like gender and linguistic background. The main question addressed in the present study is the extent to which Iranian EFL learners may differ significantly in their WTC with respect to gender. To serve the purpose of the study, a random sample of 250 male and female bilingual Turkish-speaking EFL learners were recruited from three language institutes in Tabriz, Iran. They were asked to complete the WTC questionnaire to find out the level of their WTC. The independent samples t-test analysis of the findings revealed low levels of WTC for both groups with males reporting significantly higher WTC. The findings support sociocultural, psychological, and sociolinguistic variations that can lead to gender differences and will be discussed. پرونده مقاله

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630 - پیش بینی افسردگی و کیفیت خواب بر اساس نشخوار فکری و مولفه‌های آن (خودخوری و تامل) در بیماران مبتلا به رماتیسم مفصلی
مینا وصال محمد علی نظری نیا

بیماری هایرماتیسمی،اغلبباشیوعبالای اختلالاتروان پزشکیوپریشانی هایروان شناختی همراه است اما، نقش عواملروان شناختیدراینبیمارانبهندرت موردارزیابیقرارمی گیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، پیش بینی افسردگی و کیفیت خواب بر اساس نشخوار فکری و مولفه های آن (خودخوری و تامل) در بیماران مبتلا چکیده کامل

بیماری هایرماتیسمی،اغلبباشیوعبالای اختلالاتروان پزشکیوپریشانی هایروان شناختی همراه است اما، نقش عواملروان شناختیدراینبیمارانبهندرت موردارزیابیقرارمی گیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، پیش بینی افسردگی و کیفیت خواب بر اساس نشخوار فکری و مولفه های آن (خودخوری و تامل) در بیماران مبتلا به رماتیسم مفصلی بود. بدین منظور، طی یک پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی، 75 بیمار مبتلا به رماتیسم مفصلی مراجعه کننده به کلینیک روماتولوژی بیمارستان حافظ شیراز به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و از نظر سبک های پاسخ، کیفیت خواب و افسردگی مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل ضریب همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی نشان داد که نشخوار فکری و مولفه های آن به طور معناداری (01/0>p ) افسردگی و کیفیت خواب نامطلوب را پیش بینی می کنند. همچنین مشخص شد که مولفه ی خودخوری بهتر از مولفه ی تامل می تواند افسردگی و کیفیت خواب نامطلوب را پیش بینی کند. براساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، در بیمارانی که به طور مزمن به نشخوار فکری می پردازند، احتمال بروز نشانه های افسردگی و کیفیت خواب نامطلوب افزایش می یابد که این مساله تاثیرات منفی ناشی از پیامدهای بیماری رماتیسم مفصلی را افزایش می دهد پرونده مقاله

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631 - EFL teachers’ pragmatic awareness and classroom practices influenced by an in-service training course of meta-pragmatics
Behnood Samani Mehrdad Amiri Naser Ghafouri

The present study focused on the effect of an in-service meta-pragmatics training course on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ pragmatic awareness and classroom pragmatic practices. A mixed methods design was used to achieve the objectives of the stud چکیده کامل

The present study focused on the effect of an in-service meta-pragmatics training course on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ pragmatic awareness and classroom pragmatic practices. A mixed methods design was used to achieve the objectives of the study. In the quantitative phase of the study, 300 EFL teachers were selected through convenience sampling and filled out the Pragmatic Awareness Questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, 60 of those teachers participated in a pragmatic training course. They were divided into experimental and control groups and underwent the processes of pretesting, intervention, and post-testing. Furthermore, 30 of these teachers were observed in terms of their teaching inter-language pragmatics both before and after the training course of meta-pragmatics. The results of the multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) revealed that EFL teacher’s pragmatic awareness was relatively low. In addition, the findings unveiled a statistically significant difference between the EFL teachers’ meta-pragmatic awareness and their practices in terms of the 'language teacher' component. Moreover, the findings showed a statistically significant improvement in the EFL teachers’ pragmatic practices regarding teaching pragmatic features after receiving the instructions. The results of this study have some implications for stakeholders, namely EFL teacher trainers, EFL teachers, and EFL students. پرونده مقاله

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632 - Assessing the Impact of Ovulation Inhibition in Fumaria parviflora Lam and Teucrium polium on Bemisia tabaci Genn
معصومه ثمره فکری

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. on repelling and inhibiting the spawning of white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. Methods: In this study, the extract of Fumaria pa چکیده کامل

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. on repelling and inhibiting the spawning of white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. Methods: In this study, the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. was obtained and tested for its repellent and inhibitory properties against white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. The extract was applied to cotton bolls and the behavior of Bemisia tabaci Genn. was observed and recorded. Results: The results of this study showed that the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. exhibited significant repellent properties against white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. The extract effectively repelled the insects, reducing their presence on the cotton bolls. Additionally, the extract demonstrated inhibitory effects on the spawning of Bemisia tabaci Genn., reducing the number of eggs laid on the cotton bolls. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the potential use of the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. as a natural repellent and inhibitor for controlling white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. infestations. The findings contribute to the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable pest management strategies in cotton cultivation. پرونده مقاله

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633 - IELTS Writing Skills Training and EFL Learners’ Identity Construction: Link to Selves-theory
Sanaz Farnia Neda Fatehi Rad Hassan Shahabi

Writing academically which has recently attracted much attention in the field of applied linguistics, is a complex process for many candidates. Among the four language skills, writing is more tied to selves-theory since it needs ideology transfer, the main element of th چکیده کامل

Writing academically which has recently attracted much attention in the field of applied linguistics, is a complex process for many candidates. Among the four language skills, writing is more tied to selves-theory since it needs ideology transfer, the main element of the theory. This paper made an effort to examine the effect of training on IELTS writing skill on Iranian EFL students' construction of the possible selves in the future. In doing so, an experimental study was employed and 90 candidates of both genders were chosen to participate based on cluster sampling method. The instrument of the study was a related questionnaire (Zadshir et al., 2020) which was used to check the expected possible selves of the participants. Descriptive statistics and Multi-Variate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were run to analyze data. Findings of the study indicated that expected and responsible selves were stronger than feared selves among the participants after treatment. That is to say, training on IELTS writing skills had a remarkable effect on Iranian EFL students’ construction of the possible selves and the dimensions of the possible selves in the future. Implications of the results for EFL curriculum planners, teachers and learners have been discussed. پرونده مقاله

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634 - Appraising Post-Method and Remodeling in English Language Teaching in Iranian Academic Context: Voice of EFL Teachers and Learners
Mehrzad Razavi Moghadam Neda Fatehi Rad

Nowadays many different methods and strategies regarding English language teaching have been proposed by many theorists but they seem to fail to fulfill the needs of the learners and they came up to be not satisfactory. Post-method pedagogy (PMP) has appeared recently a چکیده کامل

Nowadays many different methods and strategies regarding English language teaching have been proposed by many theorists but they seem to fail to fulfill the needs of the learners and they came up to be not satisfactory. Post-method pedagogy (PMP) has appeared recently as a concept beyond the concept of all methods. In post-method pedagogy, teachers develop a learning design based on their learners’ needs and the situation of learning. In another words, many of the methods are context-based while PMP is a class-room based approach. The present article tries to investigate the opinions of 50 EFL teachers from universities of Kerman in Iran (i.e., Bahonar university, Islamic Azad university, Payam Nour university, and Institute of Higher Education) and opinions of 150 students of B.A in English teaching from Azad University of Kerman in Iran to analyze the efficacy of post- method pedagogy in English Language Teaching. In so doing a qualitive research with a focus on the case study was conducted. The instruments used in this research were two questionnaires, one by Nikita and et.al (2016) to check for the opinion of the teachers on the efficacy of post-method in English language teaching and the other questionnaire by Tigli (2014) to check for the opinion of learners. The results have shown that 31.00% of EFL teachers strongly agreed with the efficacy of the post-method and among B.A students of English language teaching, 29.76% agreed that post-method was effective in English language teaching. پرونده مقاله

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635 - A Qualitative Assessment of Supervisors’ Views towards Examiners’ Perceptions: A Fair Justice or Not?
Ehasn Rayani Neda Fatehi Rad

This study aimed at exploring Iranian thesis supervisors’ views on examiners’ fair in examining M.A. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL )thesis in Iran. In so doing, a phenomenological design was used. 20 M.A. thesis supervisors participated in the study who چکیده کامل

This study aimed at exploring Iranian thesis supervisors’ views on examiners’ fair in examining M.A. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL )thesis in Iran. In so doing, a phenomenological design was used. 20 M.A. thesis supervisors participated in the study who were selected through purposeful sampling. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was used. Data analysis was conducted via manual thematic analysis. According to the results, the following views were among those extracted for M.A. theses supervisors about examiners’ fair: Examiners’ unfair in Examining Theses; Inattention to the Standards of Thesis Writing; Judgment Based on Personal Mood; Examiners’ Personal Problems with Supervisors; and Examiners’ Relation with Students. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that according to the perceptions of Iranian TEFL thesis supervisors, examiners are not just and fair in examining theses. They pay attention to the issues such as previous relations, personal problems, practicing power and such matters which are non-relevant to thesis itself. It can also be concluded that Iranian TEFL thesis examiners, at least according to thesis supervisors' views, are illiterate or unknowledgeable in terms of statistics and some research topics. This is a reason for their unfair in examining theses. The results have some implications for M.A. thesis examiners, students, higher education administrators, and researchers. پرونده مقاله

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636 - The comparative effect of direct corrective feedback and recast in a critical thinking setting on EFL learners’ reading comprehension
Mehrdad Rezaee Maryam Baghi Elaheh Faramarzi

The aim of present study was to explore the comparative effect of direct corrective feedback and recast on EFL learners’ reading comprehension in a critical thinking (CT) context. Sixty female EFL learners were selected from a larger group of 85 learners through conveni چکیده کامل

The aim of present study was to explore the comparative effect of direct corrective feedback and recast on EFL learners’ reading comprehension in a critical thinking (CT) context. Sixty female EFL learners were selected from a larger group of 85 learners through convenience sampling and were given a Preliminary English Test (PET) to assess their proficiency levels. As the next step, the participants formed two random experimental groups. The reading comprehension abilities of both groups were measured before and after the treatment through administration of reading section of two separate versions of PET. Both groups received 12 sessions of the treatment. Two paired samples t-tests were utilized, both of which proved significant improvement for both groups from pretest to posttest. Then, the posttest scores of the two groups using an independent samples t-test were compared. Based on the results, the difference between the two groups turned out to be significant indicating superiority of the effect of the recast. This study can have important implications for the stakeholders in foreign language (FL) education. پرونده مقاله

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637 - The Ratio of Teacher Talking Time (TTT) to Student Talking Time (STT) in Iranian EFL Classes: An Observational Multi-Class Analysis
Kamran Rabani EbrahimiPour Neda Fatehi Rad Ehasn Rayani

Classroom discourse and interaction, particularly the balance between teacher talking time (TTT) and student talking time (STT), are critical elements in (English as a Foreign Language) EFL settings. While some research has explored various facets of classroom discourse چکیده کامل

Classroom discourse and interaction, particularly the balance between teacher talking time (TTT) and student talking time (STT), are critical elements in (English as a Foreign Language) EFL settings. While some research has explored various facets of classroom discourse and interactions, few studies have specifically examined the TTT and STT ratio across a broad spectrum of EFL classes through direct observation. Addressing this gap, this observational study aims to evaluate the TTT/STT ratio in 83 diverse EFL classes in Kerman, Iran. Furthermore, it investigates if this ratio correlates with teachers' gender, years of teaching experience, and class level. To this end, the study involved 83 EFL teachers, including both genders, with teaching experience ranging from 1 to 15 years, teaching classes at elementary, intermediate, and advanced levels. Findings revealed that TTT constituted approximately 61.49% of total class time on average, with STT comprising 38.51%. No significant differences were detected in relation to teachers' gender, teaching experience, or class level. The implications of these results are discussed. پرونده مقاله

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638 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy and their Beliefs about the Role of Textbooks in Fostering it: A Mixed-Methods Study
Amir Sarkeshikian Sahar Fallah

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of learner autonomy; however, the roles of teachers and language materials in fostering in have not received due attention. This mixed methods study investigated the association between what Iranian teachers perceive چکیده کامل

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of learner autonomy; however, the roles of teachers and language materials in fostering in have not received due attention. This mixed methods study investigated the association between what Iranian teachers perceived of LA and what they thought about the role of textbooks in fostering EFL learners’ LA, and to what extent they believed the principles of LA in their classrooms. The participating teachers were 200 male and female teachers that taught Iranian tenth-grade EFL textbook in senior high schools of Qom, Arak, and Karaj. The first instrument was a questionnaire developed by Borg and Al-Busaidi (2012), which primarily focused on the teachers’ perspectives and opinions about LA. The other questionnaire was used to investigate how Iranian EFL teachers think the EFL textbook Vision 1 helps foster LA. The questionnaire was developed based on the LA principles (Fenner & Newby, 2000). The other instrument was an interview protocol that was developed by the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of teachers’ promoting LA in their teaching. The interview protocol also was based on Fenner and Newbys’ (2000) principles. For this study, the questionnaire data were collected through two questionnaires. Moreover, an interview protocol was used to gather qualitative data from 12 teachers, who participated in the interviews (i.e., 2 face-to-face and 10 online interviews). The result of the bivariate correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ perception of learner autonomy and their opinions about the LA-fostering role of the Iranian 10th-grade EFL textbook. The results of the interview analysis showed that the principles of learner autonomy were largely approved of by the interviewees. The study has some implications for textbook developers, teachers trainers, and teachers. پرونده مقاله

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639 - The Impact of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Achievement Value Orientation on Reflective Teaching: The Mediating Role of Job Performance
Nasrin Bahojb Ghahvechipour Saeideh Ahanghari Masoud Zoghi

Teachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately im چکیده کامل

Teachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately improving job performance. While previous teachers' reflective studies in the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) have examined a wide range of variables, certain variables such as EFL teachers' achievement value orientation and job performance related to reflective teaching have remained under-researched. To this end, this study examined the EFL teachers' achievement value orientation factor identified as having a contributive role in EFL teachers' reflective teaching regarding the mediating role of job performance. The study sample consisted of 237 Iranian EFL teachers aged between 25 and 60. Based on the results of structural equation modeling (SEM), EFL teachers' achievement value orientation directly and significantly influences counterproductive work behavior (CWB) dimension of their job performance as well as metacognitive and affective dimensions of their reflective teaching. It was also shown that task performance (TP) has a direct effect on cognitive, contextual performance (CP) on cognitive and critical, and CWB on the metacognitive dimension of reflective teaching. The results also indicated that the CWB dimension of job performance mediates the impact of EFL Teachers’ achievement value orientation on metacognitive dimension of their reflective teaching. Teacher training programs should emphasize the importance of developing an achievement value orientation in teachers and reflective teaching should be promoted as a key component of teachers' professional development. پرونده مقاله

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640 - The Comparative Impact of Information Gap Tasks on the Reading Comprehension of Iranian Impulsive and Reflective EFL Learners
Mehrdad Rezaee Mohammad Iman Askari

The study was an attempt to investigate the comparative effect of Information Gap Tasks on Impulsive and Reflective EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension. 60 male and female EFL learners were selected out of an initial 100 intermediate learners based on their performance چکیده کامل

The study was an attempt to investigate the comparative effect of Information Gap Tasks on Impulsive and Reflective EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension. 60 male and female EFL learners were selected out of an initial 100 intermediate learners based on their performance on a piloted of PET test took part in the study. The participants were divided into two homogenous groups in terms of language proficiency with 25 reflective and 35 impulsive learners in each. These two groups were randomly assigned as the impulsive and reflective learners based on the result of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised. All the participants in two groups received a teacher-made multiple-choice test of reading comprehension which was administered at the outset. The learners in the two instructional groups received the same test as the posttest. Both groups were taught by the same teacher and they used the same course book. They received the same hours of instruction and teaching aids in the same physical environment; therefore, the most significant point of departure in the two experimental groups in the present study was their personality style. The findings of this study revealed that the participants’ reading comprehension improved significantly among the reflective group compared to the impulsive group. Meanwhile, the more reflective EFL learners were, the more meta-cognitively aware they were of reading strategy use.Reflective learners reported a significantly higher reading scores compared to the impulsive learners following the instruction. The findings could be used by EFL teachers and syllabus designers to develop efficient vocabulary teaching procedures. پرونده مقاله

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641 - Probing Iranian EFL Students’ Interlanguage: Fossilized and Developmental Grammatical Errors in English
Nafiseh Lashgari

This study wanted to understand the fossilized and developmental grammatical errors in Persian EFL learners’ compositions at three levels of proficiency. The researchers divided the participants into lower-intermediate, upper-intermediate, and advanced levels. The resea چکیده کامل

This study wanted to understand the fossilized and developmental grammatical errors in Persian EFL learners’ compositions at three levels of proficiency. The researchers divided the participants into lower-intermediate, upper-intermediate, and advanced levels. The researchers collected three compositions from each participant. After identifying the grammatical errors for each level, the researchers compared their frequency and mean differences across these levels to identify developmental and fossilized errors. Finally, using SPSS, five grammatical error types were identified, of which the most frequently made was the wrong selection of verb forms. Out of 5 error types, the researchers identified one as developmental (verb forms) and four as fossilized (tenses, prepositions, articles, and active and passive voices). Findings indicate that most students committed fossilized errors, showing the permanent retention of grammatical errors in their compositions. Accordingly, serious pedagogical considerations need to be given to the teaching of grammar to improve the writing competence of Iranian EFL learners. پرونده مقاله

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642 - EFL Learners’ Self-made Psychological Barriers in Speaking Acquisition
Shiva Ghorbani Shahram Afraz Farhad Fahandej Saadi

Hindering factors in the language classes are of various types ranging from teaching context, teacher-provoking factors, error correction procedures, tests impact, and finally the factors that are imposed by the learners themselves (Horwitz, 2001). The goal of this pape چکیده کامل

Hindering factors in the language classes are of various types ranging from teaching context, teacher-provoking factors, error correction procedures, tests impact, and finally the factors that are imposed by the learners themselves (Horwitz, 2001). The goal of this paper was to explore the factors that are suggested into the learning situation by the learners themselves in the teaching-learning context called self-made hindering factors. To his goal, 52 EFL learners establish the participants of the study. The learners belonged to the pre-intermediate level with the age range of 16 to 24. Two instruments were used to collect the data. The first was using a questionnaire to discover the self-made inhibiting factors that the learners were normally exposed to in the speaking class. It was a pre-designed questionnaire consisted of 30 statements that was used before by Yaseen (2018) in a study with EFL learners in Jordan. The other instrument was using PET standard speaking test that would tap the speaking level of the participants of the study. Teachers’ role was introduced as the main factor of inhibition provocation and the second self-made source was the affective factor such as the level of motivation and the anxiety of the learners and the last category was the context and instructional environment. Moreover, a relationship could be explored between apprehension and the three levels. The results were significant and revealed some differences between the three levels and their inhibition sources. پرونده مقاله

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643 - The Effectiveness of Using Mobile-Based Flashcard App on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning and Retention
Reza Vaseghi Bahareh Babaei Bigham Lahiji

The advent of technology and the internet has fundamentally transformed foreign language acquisition, particularly by enhancing the convenience of vocabulary learning. Consequently, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has garnered significant attention as a benefic چکیده کامل

The advent of technology and the internet has fundamentally transformed foreign language acquisition, particularly by enhancing the convenience of vocabulary learning. Consequently, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has garnered significant attention as a beneficial resource for language learners. In light of this, the present study aimed to examine the potential impact of utilizing a Mobile-Based Flashcard Application on the vocabulary learning and retention of Iranian EFL learners. This study employed a quasi-experimental design, with participants selected through convenience sampling. The participants were 40 intermediate EFL learners who were selected based on the Oxford Placement Test. Then, the participants were randomly divided into two groups of study namely experimental and control. The participant in the experimental group underwent an eight-session treatment including learning vocabulary based on using the Anki mobile App. In the control group, however, the participants gained new vocabulary by conventional methods. Upon completion of the treatment, an immediate and delayed post-test was administered to evaluate participants' vocabulary learning and retention. The findings of the study indicated that the use of the Anki mobile application led to a significant enhancement in learners' vocabulary acquisition and retention. The findings of this research highlight the potential of educational software, specifically the Anki mobile app, as a valuable tool for English instructors to enhance vocabulary learning. پرونده مقاله

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644 - EFL Teachers’ Self-regulation Strategies and Teaching Effectiveness: A Mixed-method Study
Hoda Parvaneh Shirazi

Teachers’ self-regulation (SR), which improves teaching practices, has not received due attention from EFL researchers. This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the SR strategies and teaching effectiveness of English language teachers in Iranian universities and instit چکیده کامل

Teachers’ self-regulation (SR), which improves teaching practices, has not received due attention from EFL researchers. This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the SR strategies and teaching effectiveness of English language teachers in Iranian universities and institutes located in three Iranian cities. The first sample of this study comprised 172 EFL teachers (128 males and 44 females) from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Their ages ranged from 23 to 55 years old. The majority of them majored in the different branches of English—English literature (5 BAs, 30 MAs, 10 PhDs), English teaching (10 BAs, 50 MAs,16 PhDs), and English translation (7 BAs, 28 MAs, 16 PhDs). On the other hand, the second sample comprised 153 EFL learners, who were the students of the participating teachers (49 males and 104 females). The age range varied from 14 to 35, and they came from different socioeconomic backgrounds. A study was conducted Teachers completed a Teacher Self-Regulation Scale (TSRS) questionnaire to declare the types and frequency of SR strategies they used while the participating students completed the Characteristic of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers (CSIET) questionnaire, which included ten questionnaire items. According to the quantitative data analysis, SR strategies and teaching effectiveness were negatively correlated. Moreover, 20 EFL teachers were interviewed to determine their awareness of their teaching effectiveness. The study indicates that teachers were not familiar with SR strategies, which can negatively impact their teaching effectiveness. The findings of the study may have insights for teacher educators, administrators, and university teachers, highlighting the role of SR in EFL teaching effectiveness. پرونده مقاله

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645 - The Impact of Online Synchronous Language Learning and Gender on ESP Learners’ Vocabulary Learning and Language Learning Anxiety: A Mixed-Method Study
Maryam Najafi Mohammad Ali Heidari Shahreza Saeed Ketabi

Online synchronous learning leverages technology to enhance language learners' vocabulary acquisition and can influence learner-related factors such as language learning anxiety, ultimately impacting the language acquisition process. This explanatory sequential mixed-me چکیده کامل

Online synchronous learning leverages technology to enhance language learners' vocabulary acquisition and can influence learner-related factors such as language learning anxiety, ultimately impacting the language acquisition process. This explanatory sequential mixed-method study investigates the effect of online synchronous language learning on vocabulary learning and language learning anxiety of 60 ESP learners selected through convenience sampling from Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Moreover, it explores the learners' perceptions of the effectiveness of this kind of instruction. Initially, the participants were randomly assigned to the equal experimental (online via Adobe Connect) and control (in-person) groups after checking homogeneity regarding English proficiency level. During the 13 treatment sessions, the experimental group engaged in collaborative vocabulary tasks online. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a developed test of vocabulary, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Questionnaire, and the semi-structured interview and then were analyzed using two-way ANCOVA by SPSS 20 and thematic analysis by MAXQDA 2022, respectively. Findings revealed that online learning improved learners’ vocabulary learning, but did not significantly reduce their anxiety due to the system technical issues. However, learners viewed online instruction positively, noting benefits like enriched vocabulary acquisition through active engagement and real-time feedback, and reduced anxiety by providing a calm, stress-reducing environment. Moreover, Results showed that gender differences did not significantly affect vocabulary acquisition or anxiety. These findings can guide teachers and curriculum developers in using virtual language instruction effectively in ESP contexts. پرونده مقاله

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646 - The Impact of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Achievement Value Orientation on Reflective Teaching: The Mediating Role of Job Performance
Nasrin Bahojb Ghahvechipour Saeideh Ahanghari Masoud Zoghi

Teachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately im چکیده کامل

Teachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately improve job performance. While previous teachers' reflective studies in the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) have examined a wide range of variables, certain variables, such as EFL teachers' achievement value orientation and job performance related to reflective teaching, have remained under-researched. To this end, this study examined the EFL teachers' achievement value orientation factor, which was identified as having a contributive role in EFL teachers' reflective teaching regarding the mediating role of job performance. The study sample consisted of 237 Iranian EFL teachers aged between 25 and 60. Based on the results of structural equation modeling (SEM), EFL teachers' achievement value orientation directly and significantly influences the counterproductive work behavior (CWB) dimension of their job performance as well as the metacognitive and affective dimensions of their reflective teaching. It was also shown that task performance (TP) has a direct effect on cognitive, contextual performance (CP) on cognitive and critical, and CWB on the metacognitive dimension of reflective teaching. The results also indicated that the CWB dimension of job performance mediates the impact of EFL Teachers’ achievement value orientation on the metacognitive dimension of their reflective teaching. Teacher training programs should emphasize the importance of developing an achievement value orientation in teachers, and reflective teaching should be promoted as a key component of teachers' professional development. پرونده مقاله

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