The Impressibility of Speaking Accuracy/Fluency among EFL Undergraduates: A Meta-Analysis
محورهای موضوعی : language teachingآرمان تونی 1 , ژاله حساس خواه 2 , پرویز بیرجندی 3
1 - Department of English, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of English, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of English, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: meta-analysis, Accuracy, Fluency, speaking, EFL undergraduates,
چکیده مقاله :
This meta-analysis is an investigation into the impressibility of two dimensions of the speaking skill, namely accuracy and fluency, in relation to the experimented treatments among Iranian EFL undergraduates. Having surveyed a collected bank of 74 research reports, the relationships among the variables in the 14 included studies were examined. More specifically, the analysis involved a statistical review of 67 effect sizes (at 95% CI) calculated from studies conducted between 2006 and 2016, including 890 participants. The analysis indicated that in 77% of the experimented treatments, the students performed as well as the students in the regular programs with no significant improvement in oral accuracy. The analysis also demonstrated that 63% of the treatments did not yield significant improvement in oral fluency in comparison with the regular instruction. Moreover, the synthesis of the effects of the contextual factors showed that low-level (i.e., elementary) learners experienced a better improvement in speaking performance. The analysis also revealed that, among the experimented treatments, dialogic tasks were most effective on oral accuracy while interviews were influential in promoting the students’ both oral accuracy and fluency. Finally, the quality of the study reports was analyzed and some directions for further research were suggested.
این مرور سیستماتیک میزان اثرپذیری دو بعد از مهارت کلامی-صحت و روانی-را در ارتباط با روشهای آزمون شده در بین دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی ارزیابی میکند. پس از بررسی مجموع 74 گزارش تحقیقاتی، این مرور روابط بین متغیرها را در 14 تحقیق مورد مطالعه قرار داد. بطور خاص، این تحقیق، مروری آماری از 67 اندازه اثر (با 95% حاشیه اطمینان) از مطالعاتی است که بین سالهای 2006 الی 2016 بر روی 890 دانشجو انجام شده بودند. تحلیل داده ها نشان میدهد که در 77% آزمایشات، شرکت کنندگان پیشرفت معناداری در صحت کلامی و در 63% آزمایشات، پیشرفت معناداری در روانی کلام نسبت به روشهای معمول نداشته اند. علاوه بر این، نتایج حاصل از اثرات عوال محیطی نشان میدهد که زبان آموزان سطح پایه پیشرفت بهتری در صحت و روانی نسبت به سطوح دیگر داشته اند. این تحلیل همچنین نشان میدهد، از بین روشهای آزمایش شده، مصاحبه و تمرینهای دوسویه بیشترین اثر را بر روی صحت داشته است و این در حالی است که مصاحبه بر روی روانی نیز اثر مثبت داشته است. علاوه بر این موارد، جزییات و توضیحاتی در خصوص متغیرهایی که نتیج معناداری نداشته اند و همچنین ارزیابی کیفی تحقیقات گذشته و پیشنهاداتی برای تحقیقات آتی ارائه شده است
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Note: Studies included in the meta-analysis are marked with an asterisk (*).
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