تحول روابط بین‌الملل از خِرَدگرایی به تأمل‌گرایی و ظهور فرانظریه به مثابه متا- فیزیک نوین
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
سیدعلی منوری
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استادیار رشتۀ روابط بین الملل دانشگاه خوارزمی
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کلید واژه: فرانظریه, خِرَدگرایی, تأمل‌گرایی, متا- فیزیک, واژه‌های کلیدی: روابط بین‌الملل,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده مشهور است که چشم‌انداز تأمل‌گرا در روابط بین‌الملل معاصر، بازتاب دهندۀ امر اجتماعی/ معنایی است. از این منظر، چشم‌انداز مذکور با تأمل در باب فرایند نظریه‌پردازی، به تعهدات فرانظری معطوف شده است. نویسنده با روی آوردن به رویکرد فلسفی و بهره جستن از بصیرت‌های هوسرل و هَیدگر، به‌ویژه دو پنداشت نیّت‌مندی و زمان‌مندی، می‌کوشد با اتخاذ نگاهی انتقادی، فرانظریه روابط بین‌الملل معاصر را واسازد. استدلال نویسنده آن است که در تحول چشم‌اندازهای نظریه‌پردازی در روابط بین‌الملل، متا-فیزیک چشم‌انداز خِرَدگرا که مبتنی بر بازی بی‌پایان حاکمیت و آنارشی در نظام بین‌الملل آنارشیک متشکل از دولت‌های دارای حاکمیت بود، به متا- فیزیک چشم‌انداز تأمل‌گرا مبتنی برتأملات فرانظری با محوریت وجوه سه‌گانۀ هستی‌شناسی، معرفت‌شناسی و روش‌شناسی، تحول یافته است. فرضیۀ این مقاله، آن است که فرانظریه/ متا-فیزیک روابط بین‌الملل معاصر برای نظریه‌پرداز تعلیق شده و می‌توان به جای نظریه، به نظریه پرداز معطوف شد. نتیجه آنکه فهم نظریه‌پرداز از معنای روابط بین‌الملل معاصر، مشروط به اشتراک افق زمانی هستندگیِ وی در کنار دیگر انسان‌ها/ هستندگان بوده و تبعاً شناخت وی نیز از آنها خارج از این حیث زمانی نیست. در این پژوهش، گردآوری داده‌ها به روش کتابخانه‌ای انجام و روش تحیل محتوا برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شده است.
Abstract: It is well-known that the reflectivist perspective represents the ideational turn in the contemporary international relations. In this context, one can reflect on the strands of theorizing which revolved around the meta-theoretical commitments to the triad modes of ontology, epistemology and methodology. In this paper the author tries to apply the philosophical insights of two conspicuous masters of twenty century philosophers, Husserl and Heidegger to take a critical reflection on, and so deconstruct the situation of reflectivism in IR. In author’s view development in the perspectives of theorizing in international relations, the metaphysics of rationalism based on the endless game of sovereignty and anarchy concerning anarchical international system of the sovereign states has been translated into the meta-physics of reflectivism representing the meta-theoretical questions. Drawing on Husserl and Heidegger points of view, especially conceptions of intentionality and temporality, the author reduces meta-theory/ meta-physics of the contemporary international relations to theorist by shifting to her or his instead of theory. To sum up, theorist’s understanding of the meaning of contemporary International Relations is contingent upon her or his temporally shared being-ness horizon with the other humans/ beings, and subsequently, her or his knowledge of them depends on their temporality. The methodology used in the paper in content analysis and the collection of data is by library material.
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