Writing in EFL: Exploring students' perspectives in Syrian high school and university contexts
محورهای موضوعی : Research PaperBatoul Khoja 1 , Debasish Mohapatra 2 , Madan Sarma 3
1 - Department of English and Foreign Languages, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
2 - Department of English and Foreign Languages, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
3 - Department of English and Foreign Languages, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
کلید واژه: Developing writing skills, writing in EFL, Syrian students, writing problems and strategies, school and university students,
چکیده مقاله :
This paper is a part of a larger study that examines the development of students' English writing skills during the transition from school education to higher education in Syria, where English is a foreign language. The main objective of this paper is exploring teaching practices affect students transition from one level to the next via obtaining students' perceptions about writing, challenges they encounter while writing, and the strategies they use to overcome them. Two separate questionnaires were given to 206 school students from 7 different high schools across Latakia City and 206 first-year students at the Department of English Literature and Language, Tishreen University in Latakia. The main findings indicated that students of both levels were mostly concerned with grammar rather ideas and content, and with the product rather than the process of writing. Moreover, students lacked confidence in their writing ability and mostly depended on ready-made samples and teachers as the main sources of information. The study recommends changing the product-oriented approach to writing instruction currently adopted by school teachers, conducting effective teacher-training programs that include training them to develop students' writing by involving them in the writing process and teaching them how to use writing strategies effectively.
Abdollahzadeh, E. (2010). Undergraduate Iranian EFL learners’ use of writing strategies. Writing & Pedagogy, 2(1): 65-90. DOI: 10.1558/wap.v2i1.65.
Adbul-Hafid Kamil, I. (2011). Perceptions of Kuwaiti EFL students-teachers towards EFL writing, and methods of teaching and learning EFL writing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Exeter.
Abdul-Kareem, T. N. (2014). Difficulties faced by EFL students in writing composition at the Iraqi preparatory schools. Al Fath Journal, 60: 1-19.
Addison, J., & McGee, S. J. (2010). Writing in high school/writing in college: Research trends and future directions. College Composition and Communication, 62(1): 147-179.
Al-Hammadi, F. & Sidek, H. M. (2015). An analytical framework for analysing secondary EFL writing curriculum: Approaches for writing and preparation for higher education. International Education Studies, 8(1): 59-70.
Al Seyabi, F., & Tuzlukova, V. (2014). Writing problems and strategies: An investigative study in the Omani school and university context. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(4): 37-48.
Applebee, A. N., & Langer, J. A. (2011). A snapshot of writing instruction in middle schools and high schools. English Journal, 100(6): 14-27.
Belanoff, P. (1991). The myths of assessment. Journal of Basic Writing, 10: 54-66.
Carroll, L. A. (2002). Rehearsing new roles: How college students develop as writers. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Chabaan, L. (2010). An investigation of the composing processes and writing strategies of Syrian university students majoring in English and the sociocultural factors that influence their writing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Essex.
Crank, V. (2012). From high school to college: Developing writing skills in the disciplines. Journal for Writing across the Curriculum, 23:49-63.
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fanetti, S., Bushrow, K. M., & DeWeese, D. L. (2010). Closing the gap between high school writing instruction and college writing expectations. The English Journal, 99(4): 77-83.
Dastjerdi, H., & Samian, H. S. (2011). Quality of Iranian EFL learners’ argumentative essays: Cohesive devices in focus. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2): 65-76.
Fareed, M., Ashraf, A., & Bilal, M. (2016). ESL learners’ writing skills: Problems, factors and suggestions. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 4(2): 81-92.
Graff, G., & Birkenstein-Graff, C. (2009). An immodest proposal for connecting high school and college. College Composition and Communication, 61(1): 409-443.
Greenberg, K. (1992). Validity and reliability: Issues in the direct assessment of writing. WPA: Writing Program Administration, 16: 7-22.
Harmer, J. (2007). How to teach English. New York: Pearson Education.
Hogue, A. (2007). First steps in academic writing. Pearson Education.
Homaidan, M. & Moalla, M. (1996). Sampling method. Damascus: Al-Madina Press. (In Arabic).
Ismail, S. A. A. (2011). Exploring students’ perceptions of ESL writing. English Language Teaching, 4(2): 73-83.
Knouzi, I. (2016). Examining the characteristics of Tunisian advanced EFL learners’ essays. In Ahmed, A., & Abouabdelkader, H., (eds.), Teaching EFL writing in the 21st century Arab world. Palgrave Macmillan.
Nunan, D. (2015). Teaching English to speakers of other languages: An introduction. New York: Routledge.
Rajab, T. (2013). Developing whole-class interactive teaching: Meeting the training needs of Syrian EFL secondary school teachers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of York.
Ratner, B. (2009). A Closer Look: The correlation coefficient: Its values range between + 1 / − 1, or do they? Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 17: 139-142. DOI: 10.1057/jt.2009.5.
Sadi, F. F., & Othman, J. (2012). An investigation into writing strategies of Iranian EFL undergraduate learners. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(8): 1148-1157. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.08.3773.
Salma, U. (2015). Problems and practical needs of writing skill in EFL context: An analysis of Iranian students of Aligarh Muslim University. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(11): 74-76.
Shokrpour, N., & Fallahzadeh, M. H. (2007). A Survey of the students and Interns’ EFL writing problems in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 9(1): 147-163.
Silva, T. (1990). Philosophical underpinnings of second language writing instruction. In Kroll, B. (ed.), Second language writing: Research insights for the classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sullivan, P. (2010). An essential question: What is "college-level" writing? In Sullivan, P. & Tinberg, H. (eds.), What is "college-level" writing? Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English.
Wangeri, T., Kimani, E. N., & Mutweleli, S. M. (2012). Transitional challenges facing university first year students in Kenyan public universities: A case of Kenyatta University. Interdisciplinary Review of Economics and Management, 2(1): 42-50.
White, R., & Arndt, V. (1991). Process writing. London: Longman.