Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Job Satisfaction, Job Burnout, and Reflective Thinking: Structural Equation Modeling
محورهای موضوعی : Research Paper
1 - Department of English Language, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: job burnout, Job satisfaction, reflective thinking, structural equation modeling,
چکیده مقاله :
This research intended to study the Potential relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction, job burnout, and reflective thinking. One-hundred and eighty-two teachers from different universities, and schools were requested to answer the the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and reflective thinking scale as the main data collection instruments. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model of relations. The results represented, there were significant internal correlations between all the latent variables and their sub-scales. Multiple regression analysis showed that job satisfaction positively predicted reflective thinking, with job satisfaction exerting more predictive power in comparison with job burnout. Furthermore, job burnout weakly predicted reflective thinking, with job burnout exerting less predictive power in comparison with job satisfaction. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between job satisfaction and job burnout in which not only these two latent variables but also all their sub-scales were negatively related to each other. Pedagogical implications of the results have been discussed.
Akbari, R. (2007). Reflections on reflection: Acritical appraisal of reflective practices in L2 teacher education. System, 35, 192-207
Bilač, S. & Miljković, D. (2017). Reflective Practice and Job Satisfaction in Classroom Management and Discipline. Croatian Journal of Education. 19(3), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v19i0.2698.
Boody, R.M. (2008). Teacher reflection as teacher change, and teacher change as moral response. Education, 128(3), 498-506.
Brewer, E. & McMahan-Landers, J. (2003). The relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among industrial and technical teacher educators, Journal of Career and Technical Education, 20(1), 37–50. http://doi.org/10.21061/jcte.v20i1.622.
Castillo, J.X. & Cano, J. (2004). Factors Explaining Job Satisfaction among Faculty. Journal of Agricultural Education, 45, 65-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.03065.
Choy, S.Ch. & Oo, P.C. (2012). Reflective thinking and teaching practices: a precursor for incorporating critical thinking into the classroom? International Journal of Instruction, 5(1), 167-182.
Crossman, A. & Harris, P. (2006). Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 34(1), 29-46.
Colomeischi, A.A. (2015). Teachers’ burnout in relation with their emotional intelligence and personality traits. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1067-1073.
Demirel, M., Derman, I. & Karagedik, E. (2015). A Study on the Relationship between Reflective Thinking Skills towards Problem Solving and Attitudes towards Mathematics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 197, 2086-2096.10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.326.
Dewey, J. (1933). How we think: A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process. Boston: Heath.
Entezari, M. & Ghafournia, N. (2016). The syndrome of burnout among Iranian university professors teaching TEFL. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 5, 35-45.
Hoyle, R.H. & Panter, A.T. (1995). Writing about Structural Equation Models. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 158-176.
Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S., Donald, I., Taylor, P. & Millet, C. (2005). The experience of work-related stress across occupations. Journal of managerial psychology, 20(2), 178-187.
Jöreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
Kang, N.H. (2008). Learning to teach science: Personalepistemologies, teaching goals, and practices of teaching, Teaching and Teacher Education, 24, 478–498.
Kara, S. (2020). Investigation of job satisfaction and burnout of visual arts teachers, International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 6(1), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.v6i1.817.
Karavasilis, G. (2019). Work satisfaction or burnout and their impact on innovative work behavior of Greek teachers, Journal of Contemporary Education Theory & Research, 3(2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3635027.
Kline, R.B. (2011). Methodology in the Social Sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
Kokkinos, C.M. (2006). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey among elementary and secondary school teachers in Cyprus, Stress Health, 22(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1079.
Košir, K., Tement, S., Licardo, M. & Habe, K. (2015). Two sides of the same coin? The role of rumination and reflection in elementary school teachers' classroom stress and burnout. Teaching and Teacher Education, 47, 131-141.
Kroupis, I., Kouli, O. & Kourtessis, T. (2019). Physical Education Teacher’s Job Satisfaction and Burnout Levels in Relation to School’s Sport Facilities, International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 579–592. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12437a.
Landsman, M.J. (2001). Commitment in public child welfare, The Social Service Review, 75(3), 386-419.
Mahmoodi, M. & Ghaslani, R. (2014). Relationship among Iranian EFL Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence, Reflectivity and Burnout. Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, 6(1), 89-116. doi: 10.22111/ijals.2014.1993
Maslach, C. & Jackson, S. (1984). Burnout in organizational settings. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 5, 133-153.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B. & Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
Moradkhani, S. & Shirazizadeh, M. (2017). Context-based variations in EFL teachers’ reflection: the case of public schools versus private institutes in Iran. Reflective Practice, 18(2), 206-218.
Nguyen, C.D. (2017). Creating spaces for constructing practice and identity: Innovations of teachers of English language to young learners in Vietnam. Research Papers in Education, 32, 56-70.
Nigama, K., Selvabaskar, S., Surulivel, S.T., Alamelu, R. & Joice, U. (2018). Job Satisfaction among School Teachers. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 119(7), 2645-2655. URL: http://www.ijpam.eu.
Qing, X. (2009). Reflective Teaching- an effective path for EFL teacher’s professional development. Canadian Social Science, 5(2), 35-40.
Rahman, U., Wan Sulaiman, W., Nasir, R. & Omar, F. (2014). The Role of Job Satisfaction as Mediator in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Indonesian Teachers, International Journal of Business and Social Science. 5(9), 257–260.
Robinson, O.P., Bridges, Sh.A., Rollins, L.H. & Schumacker, R.E. (2019). A study of the relation between special education burnout and job satisfaction, Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 19(4), 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/14713802.12448.
Safari, I. (2020). A Study on the Relationship Between Burnout and Job Satisfaction of Iranian EFL Teachers Working in Universities and Schools, Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 13(4), 164-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2020.130401.
Safari, I. & Davaribina, M. (2021). EFL Teachers’ Professional Development, Job Satisfaction, and Reflective Thinking: A Structural Equation Modeling, Applied Research on English Language, 10(1), 153-174, DOI: 10.22108/are.2021.126635.1672.
Safari, I., Davaribina, M. & Khoshnevis, I. (2020). The Influence of EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction and Reflective Thinking on their Professional Development: A Structural Equation Modeling, Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 13(1), 27-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2020.130103.
Schwarzer, R. & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation Analyses. The International Association of Applied Psychology, 57, 152-171.
Shirazizadeh, M. & Karimpour, M. (2019). An investigation of the relationships among EFL teachers’ perfectionism, reflection and burnout. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1-13.
Simatwa, E.M.W. (2011). Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction among Teachers in Kenya. Kenya Journal of Education Planning Economics and Management; 3(3), 114-123.
Sitohang, N. (2004). Asuhan Keperawatan Pada anak Child Abuse. Medan: USU Digital Library.
Sotirios, V., Olga, K., Thomas, K., Efstratia, T. & Dimos, D. (2019). Job Satisfaction and Burnout among Greek Teachers and Physical Education Teachers: A Comparison in Minority and Public Sector Schools in Thrace, Annals of Applied Sport Science, 7(4), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.29252/aassjournal.786.
Terason, S. (2018). The Effect of Conflict Management in Thai Public-Sector Sport Organizations on Employee Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Performance, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17(1), 168–172
Torkaman, F., Farhang, S., Zakerian, S.A., Torkaman, M. & Keramati Niaragh, H. (2017). A study on the effect of job burnout and stress on job satisfaction among teachers of exceptional school, Pharmacophore, 8(5), 18–24.
Troman, G. & Woods, P. (2001). Primary teachers’ stress, New York: Routledge/Falmer.
Ünver, G. (2003). Yansıtıcı Düşünme. [Relective Thinking]. Ankara: Pegema Printing House.
Wagner, J.A. & Hollenbeck, J.R. (1992). Management of organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Weiss, R., Dawis, G., England, G. & Lofquist, L. (1967). Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation 22: Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
Wisnu, P. (2019). The relationship among emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, performance, and intention to leave, Advances in Management & Applied Economics, 9(1), 21–29.
Wu, G., Duan K., Zuo, J., Yang, J. & Wen, S. (2016). System Dynamics Model and Simulation of Employee Work-Family Conflict in the Construction Industry, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(11), https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph13111059
Yücel, I. (2012). Examining the Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 44-58. https://doi.org/10.5539/ ijbm.v7n20p44.
Yu-Hsia, L. & Mei-Hsiang, L. (2019). Exploring the Relationship Between Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Clinical Nurses, European Scientific Journal, 15(3), 449–460. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n3p449
