Optimization of Stand-alone Hybrid PV/Wind/Fuel-Cell System Considering Reliability Indices Using Cuckoo Optimization and Firefly Algorithm
محورهای موضوعی : Electrical Engineering
Mehdi Rezaei
1
(Department of Electrical Engineering, Golestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran)
Mahmood Ghanbari
2
(Department of Electrical Engineering, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.)
کلید واژه: Firefly Algorithm, Solar/wind/fuel cell hybrid system, Equivalent loss factor, Net present cost, Cuckoo optimization algorithm,
چکیده مقاله :
In this paper, a hybrid system based on wind turbines, solar arrays and fuel cells is designed optimally in the view of economical and technical aspects. The objective of the hybrid system optimization is to minimize the system net peresent cost(NPC) while considering the reliability as a constraint. The economical designing aspect is defined as equivalent loss factor (ELF) of reliability. The NPC consist of capital, operation and maintenance, replacement and, especially, loss of load costs. The data of load, solar radiation and definitive wind speed are from the North West of Iran. It is assumed that between the system components, i.e., wind turbine, photovoltaic array and inverter, there is a forced outage probability. The cuckoo optimization (COA) and firefly algorithms(FA) are applied to optimize the hybrid system components and the results are compared with the last studies. The results show that the COA method is superior to the FA and the last studies, with respect to the economical and technical aspects and convergence speed. They also show that complete consideration of the components availability and the availability of inverter increases the generation costs of the system, but improves the system reliability indices, too.
[1] A. M. Borbely, "Distributed generation: the power paradigm for the new millennium; 2001.
[2] Z. Yuedong, W. Hua, Z. Jianguo, "Modeling and control of hybrid UPS system with backup PEM fuel cell/battery.Int J Electr Power Energy Syst, 43(2012):1322–31.
[3] A. Billinton, "Reliability study of power systems", 2nd ed., New York: Plenum press; 1994.
[4] L. Hedstrom, C. Wallmork, P. Alvafors, "Description and modeling of the solar hydrogen – biogas-fuel cell system in glashusett", J Power Sources, 2004.
[5] R. Dufo-López, J. L. Bernal-Agustín, "Multi-objective design of PV– wind–diesel–hydrogen–battery systems", Renew Energy, 33(2008):2559–72.
[6]T. Monai, I. Takano, H. Nishikawa, Y. Sawada, "Response characteristics and operation methods of new type dispersed power supply system using photovoltaic, fuel cell and SMES", IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002, pp.1231-1236.
[7] D.B. Nelson, M.H. Nehrir, C. Wang, "Unit sizing and cost analysis of stand-alone hybrid wind/PV/fuel cell power generation system", Renewable Energy,31(2006):1641-1656.
[8]S. Kim, J. Song, G. Yu, “Load sharing operation of a 14kW photovoltaic/wind hybrid power system”, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,1997, pp. 1325-1328.
[9]R.S. Garcia, D. Weisser, “A Wind–diesel system with hydrogen storage: joint optimization of design and dispatch”, Renewable Energy, 31 (2006): 2296-2320.
[10] H. Yang, W. Zhou, L. Lu, Z. Fang,” Optimal sizing method for stand-alone hybrid solar–wind system with LPSP technology by using genetic algorithm”, Solar Energy, 82 (2008): 354–367.
[11] Fatih O. Hocaoğlu, Ömer N. Gerek, Mehmet Kurban, “A novel hybrid (wind–photovoltaic) system sizing procedure”, Solar Energy, 83 (2009): 2019–2028.
[12] Ángel A. Bayod-Rújula, Marta E. Haro-Larrodé, Amaya Martínez-Gracia, “Sizing criteria of hybrid photovoltaic–wind systems with battery storage and self-consumption considering interaction with the grid”, Solar Energy, 98 (2009): 582–591.
[13] AlirezaAskarzadeh,” A discrete chaotic harmony search -based simulated annealing algorithm for optimum design of PV/wind hybrid system”, Solar Energy, 97 (2013): 93–101.
[14] S. Subhadarshi, V. Ajjarapu “MW resource assessment model for hybrid energy conversion system with wind and solar resources” IEEE Transaction on sustainable energy , 2( 4)(2011).
[15] E.Koutroulis."Design optimization of desalination systems power supplies by PV and WG energy source with GA.", Solar Energy,75 (2003): 187-198.
[16] Sonia Leva∗, Dario Zaninelli “Hybrid renewable energy-fuel cell system: Design and performance evaluation” Electirical Power System Research, 79(2009): 36-324.
[17] A.KashefiKaviani, G.H. Riahy, SH.M. Kouhsari, "Optimal design of a reliable hydrogen-based stand-alone wind/PV generating system, considering component outages", Renewable Energy, 34 (2009): 2380–2390.
[18] S. Dehghan, B. Kiani, A. Kazemi, A. Parizad,” Optimal sizing of a hybrid wind/PV plant considering reliability indices”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 56( 2009).
[19] S. Abedi, H. Gharavi Ahangar, M. Nick, S. H. Hosseinian," Economic and reliable design of a hybrid PV-wind-fuel cell energy system using differential evolutionary algorithm", 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2011.
[20] M. J. Khan,M. T. Iqbal, "Pre-feasibility study of stand-alone hybrid energy systems for applications in new found land. Renewable Energy,30(2005):835–854.
[21] H. Yang, W. Zhou, L. Lu,Z. Fang, "Optimal sizing method for stand-alone hybrid solar–wind system with LPSP technology by using genetic algorithm", Sol Energy, 82(2008):354–367.
[22] K. Strunz, EK. Brock," Stochastic energy source access management: infra- structure-integrative modular plant for sustainable hydrogen-electric co- generation. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 31(2006):1129–41.
[23] D. Xu, L. Kang, L. Chang, B. Cao," Optimal sizing of standalone hybrid wind/PV power systems using genetic algorithms", In: Canadian conference on electrical and computer engineering, 2005, 1–4 May , pp. 1722–1725.
[24] RS. Garcia, D. Weisser," A wind–diesel system with hydrogen storage: joint optimization of design and dispatch", Renewable Energy, 31 (2006): 2296–320.
[25] R. Billinton, "Evaluation of different operating strategies in small stand- alone power systems", IEEE Trans Energy Convers., 20(3)(2005): 654–60.
[26] R. Karki, R. Billinton, "Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilization in small isolated power systems", IEEE Trans Energy Convers., 16(4)(2001): 368–73.
[27] X. S. Yang, "Firefly algorithm, stochastic test functions and design optimization", International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, 2(2)(2010): 78-84.
[28] R. Rajabioun, "Cuckoo optimization algorithm", Applied soft computing, 11(8)(2011): 5508-5518.
