-
Open Access Article
1 - An optimal liver segmentation method in MRI images using adaptive water flow model
Marjan Heidari Mehdi Taghizadeh Hassan Masoumi مرتضی ولی زادهLiver segmentation in medical images is still considered as a challenge in computer diagnosis systems. In this paper, an optimal algorithm based on the adaptive water flow model for segmentation is introduced. This algorithm first processes the image by means of a trans MoreLiver segmentation in medical images is still considered as a challenge in computer diagnosis systems. In this paper, an optimal algorithm based on the adaptive water flow model for segmentation is introduced. This algorithm first processes the image by means of a transfer function designed based on the probability distribution function of the brightness levels of the liver pixels to distinguish the liver region from the rest of the parts. Then, with the help of the rainfall algorithm, which is controlled based on the spatial information and light levels of the liver, possible areas of the liver are extracted, and further, the possible areas of the liver are classified with a layered perceptron neural network, using shape and texture features. Classification of areas instead of pixels has increased the efficiency of the algorithm. The obtained experimental results show a far more appropriate performance in comparison with other evaluation algorithms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Water loss from urban water supply networks and the factors affecting it
Seyed Hamid AlaviWater loss is a significant issue that leads to substantial damage to water resources, civil infrastructure, the environment, and water distribution companies. Urban water supply networks, particularly in regions with scarce water resources, face challenges related to w MoreWater loss is a significant issue that leads to substantial damage to water resources, civil infrastructure, the environment, and water distribution companies. Urban water supply networks, particularly in regions with scarce water resources, face challenges related to water loss. Leakage from these networks constitutes a major portion of the overall water loss. Factors contributing to leakage include the aging of water supply systems, pipe damage due to soil stresses and urban traffic, fluctuations in water pressure, improper urban plumbing practices, and inadequate embankments. Examining factors such as pressure, pipe type, soil environment, and temperature can help identify the causes of leakage and effectively manage and mitigate its volume. Laboratory and field investigations have revealed that the leakage power, contrary to the pressure-leakage relationship, falls within the range of 0.5 to 2.79, with values exceeding 0.5 due to variations in pipe types, dimensions, and the type of cracks. Reducing the D50 (median grain size) of the soil and selecting an appropriate soil granulation around the pipes can effectively reduce the leakage flow rate. This article provides an overview of water wastage, its types, and underlying causes, followed by a discussion on the fundamentals of leakage calculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The measurement and analysis of sunflower producers, technical efficiency in khoy
ali bagerzadehRegarding the importance of sunflower in production of nuts and oil, it has been tried to calculate the production function of sunflower growers in khoy. To this purpose the timer linear programming (LP) method was used, which was based on a field research, using the cr MoreRegarding the importance of sunflower in production of nuts and oil, it has been tried to calculate the production function of sunflower growers in khoy. To this purpose the timer linear programming (LP) method was used, which was based on a field research, using the cross sectional data in 1387. The results obtained showed that the average technical efficiency of sunflower growers in Khoy was about %53, which in dicated the %47 wastage of the production resources. It was recognized that the lack of training and agricultural extension services were the effective social factors in technical workability of sunflower growers in Khoy. In conclusion, we suggest the governmental authorities to increase the allocated budget to promote the versatility of the sunflower growers and eliminate the unnecessary losses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping ratios on yield of intercropping of corn and sunflower in Khouzestan conditions
nader moosavianTo study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design MoreTo study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of Planting Date and Weed Control Methods on Yield and Vegetative Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Khoy Region
مجتبي اكبري sasan rezadustTo determine the effects of planting date and different methods of weed control on the agronomic traits of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Khandizaj region Khoy in year 2009. A factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four repli MoreTo determine the effects of planting date and different methods of weed control on the agronomic traits of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Khandizaj region Khoy in year 2009. A factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replications was conducted. Experimental parameters consisted of planting date in three levels (April 4th, May 5th and June 5th) and methods of weed control in five levels (Trifluralin + Focus, Trifluralin + Nabo-S, Trifluralin, hand weeding and the without control). The results indicated that the date of planting and weed control methods had meaningful effects on the following features: Bush height, Stem diameter, biological yield and grain and oil yields. However, oil percentage was affected by the date of planting. The most important weeds included: common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), bastard cabbage (Rapistrum rugosum L.), flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum L.), cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and green bristl grass (Setaria viridis L.). It was observed that in different planting dates, the dry material weight was varied in each one of the species. So on April the 4th, the dry material weight of common lambsquarter and bastard cabbage, in the third planting date dry material weight of cockspur grass, green bristl and flower-of-an-hour were the highest. Trifluralin herbicide was weaker than hand weeding in the case of Convolvulus and Hibiscus. Among two post emergence herbicides Nabo-S and Focus, there were not statistically significant difference in the control of thin leaf weeds. The interaction of two factors on features like bush height, stem diameter, grain yield, biological yield, oil yield and weeds dry material weight was significant. In conclusion, the current research demonstrated that 5th of May planting and using pre-emergence herbicide Trifluralin and post-emergence herbicides Focus and Nabo-S were suitable for maximum growth rate in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of sowing date on yield and its components of safflower genotypes under Urmia climatic conditions
علیرضا عیوضیTo investigate the effects of planting date of safflower genotypes under Urmia climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2009-10. A factorial experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replications. Four sowing date (April 21, May MoreTo investigate the effects of planting date of safflower genotypes under Urmia climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2009-10. A factorial experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replications. Four sowing date (April 21, May 5, May 21, June 5) and five genotypes (IL-111, S-541, PI-250536, PI-250537, Syprus bregun) were established levels as second factors. Results of analyses of variance showed that the effect of planting date were significantly differenct for traits of grain yield, number of grain per boll, number of bolls per plant, harvest index and oil grain percentage. The grain yield of first, second, third and fourth sowing dates were 223.12, 197.65, 185.71 and 173.99 gr/m2, respectively. The highest fertile boll, kernel per boll and 1000-kernel weight were allocated for PI-250537, S-541 and Syprus bregun genotypes in the first planting date, respectively. Interaction between planting date and genotype on lateral branch, total dry matter, grain yield, number of bolls per plant, number of grain per boll, harvest index, oil percentage and 1000-kernel weight were meaningful (P 0.01). Correlation coefficients between traits showed that there were positive significant differences for number of grain per boll with grain yield. Based on these results, early spring planting date will be move suitable than other dilatory planting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessment and Identification of Tolerant Genotypes of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to Salinity Stress in Germination and Seedling Stages under Laboratory Condition
Khodadad MostafaviTolerance increasing to salt stress is essential need for sustainable safflower production in areas with risk of salinity. This requires new genetic sources of salt tolerant and more efficient techniques for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm. This study was conducted MoreTolerance increasing to salt stress is essential need for sustainable safflower production in areas with risk of salinity. This requires new genetic sources of salt tolerant and more efficient techniques for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm. This study was conducted to access salt tolerance in primary growth stages of six safflower genotypes and finds the most beneficial salt tolerance traits in this stage. Investigation traits were germination percentage, germination speed, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seed vigor, seedling index, germination speed index and germination mean. An experiment with factorial arrangement was conducted by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in Biotechnology laboratory Islamic Azad University- Karaj Branch. Genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) including KM5, KM8, KM12, KM19, KM47 and Kouse with five concentrations of NaCl (0, -0.3, -0.5, -1 and -1.5 ds/m) were treated. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes, stress levels and their interaction. According to the fitted logistic model, the NaCl concentration level required for 50% reduction of seed vigor was -2 dS/m. Cluster analysis according Ward’s method, classified genotypes into three different groups. According to the results of this research, Kose was resistant cultivar at germination stage and early seedling growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Forecast of cash flows in the listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange
Rasoul Yarifard Jafar Karmanj Hossein Nematjoo Mahdi EbrahimiForecasts of cash flows are considered by investors, creditors,firm employees and rating institutions. Investors regard cash flows as the input of their investment models allowing them to make decisions about returns resulted from the divided profit and capital. Credito MoreForecasts of cash flows are considered by investors, creditors,firm employees and rating institutions. Investors regard cash flows as the input of their investment models allowing them to make decisions about returns resulted from the divided profit and capital. Creditors are interested in the decisions of paying the firm obligations exchanging with them and the employees are concerned with cash flows in terms of job security and persistence of activities of firm that they are working there. Persistence of activity and the firm ability in timely payment of debts are also highly important for rating institutions. The main purpose of the present study is the investigation of forecasting cash flows among 97 firms from the listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange from the beginning of 1388 to the end of 1392.To investigate the research hypotheses, it was used from panel data regression model. The results showed that the costs of sold goods and the public and administrative costs have significant impacts on forecasting cash flows, however, sales, change in the payable accounts, change in the receivable accounts, change in inventory, tax and cash flows of the last year have not significant impacts on forecasting cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Foresight entrusting issuance processes of construction permits in Iran municipalities by multi-criteria decision making through balanced scorecard framework
Maryam Ghalehnovy Farshid Abdi Kaveh Khalili-DamghaniForecasts of cash flows are considered by investors, creditors,firm employees and rating institutions. Investors regard cash flows as the input of their investment models allowing them to make decisions about returns resulted from the divided profit and capital. Credito MoreForecasts of cash flows are considered by investors, creditors,firm employees and rating institutions. Investors regard cash flows as the input of their investment models allowing them to make decisions about returns resulted from the divided profit and capital. Creditors are interested in the decisions of paying the firm obligations exchanging with them and the employees are concerned with cash flows in terms of job security and persistence of activities of firm that they are working there. Persistence of activity and the firm ability in timely payment of debts are also highly important for rating institutions. The main purpose of the present study is the investigation of forecasting cash flows among 97 firms from the listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange from the beginning of 1388 to the end of 1392.To investigate the research hypotheses, it was used from panel data regression model. The results showed that the costs of sold goods and the public and administrative costs have significant impacts on forecasting cash flows, however, sales, change in the payable accounts, change in the receivable accounts, change in inventory, tax and cash flows of the last year have not significant impacts on forecasting cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Investigation of Cash Flow Volatility on Systematic Risk in Accepted Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Younes Badavar-Nahandi Hossein Bevrani Hamzeh AbravanEvaluation of utility of a platform investment in uncertain status is based on its risk andreturn values. In other words, awareness from risk of companies, especially the systematic riskcan play an important role in decision-making. The main purpose of this research is MoreEvaluation of utility of a platform investment in uncertain status is based on its risk andreturn values. In other words, awareness from risk of companies, especially the systematic riskcan play an important role in decision-making. The main purpose of this research is study ofeffects of volatility in cash flows on systematic risk. In this study the effect of volatility in cashflows related to each of the sections of Cash Flow Statements (accounting standards of Iran) onsystematic risk of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been studied. The aim ofthis research is Applied Research and research method is causal or post facto method. In thisstudy, financial information of 73 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period2004 to 2008 were investigated. In order to test the hypotheses, statistical techniques ofcorrelation and regression analysis and test of significance for the Pearson model, T and F hasbeen used.The results show that volatility in cash flows from operating activities, volatility incash flows related to income tax, volatility in cash flows from investment activities andvolatility in cash flows from financing activities have positive effect on systematic risk, whilevolatility in cash flows related to investments returns and interest and dividend paid forfinancing activities has no impact on systematic risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Influence of argon gas flow on mechanical and electrical properties of sputtered titanium nitride thin films
Kaykhosrow Khojier Hadi Savaloni Ebrahim Shokrai Zohreh Dehghani Naser Zare Dehnavi -
Open Access Article
12 - Semi-analytic algorithms for the electrohydrodynamic flow equation
Ram K Pandey Vipul K Baranwal Chandra S Singh Om P Singh -
Open Access Article
13 - On the discrete dipole approximation investigation of the extinction spectra of Ag/glass nano-flower thin film with threefold symmetry
Fatemeh Abdi Araz Siabi-Gerjan Hadi Savaloni -
Open Access Article
14 - Antibacterial effect, structural characterization, and some applications of silver chiral nano-flower sculptured thin films
Hadi Savaloni Fatemh Haydari-Nasab Abbas Abbas-Rohollahi -
Open Access Article
15 - Theoretical analysis on nonlinear vibration of fluid flow in single-walled carbon nanotube
P. Valipour S. E. Ghasemi Mohammad Reza Khosravani D. D. Ganji -
Open Access Article
16 - Effects of different gas flow rates and non-perpendicular incidence angles of argon cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet on silver thin film treatment
Maryam Hosseinpour Akbar Zendehnam Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi Sangdehi Hamidreza Ghomi Marzdashti -
Open Access Article
17 - Overflow Detection in Residue Number System, Moduli Set {2n-1,2n,2n+1}
Babak Tavakoli Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Somayeh Jassbi -
Open Access Article
18 - Workflow Scheduling on Hybrid Fog-Cloud Environment Based on a Novel Critical Path Extraction Algorithm
Fatemeh Davami Sahar Adabi Ali Rezaee Amir Masoud Rahamni -
Open Access Article
19 - Architecture in Transition Era toward Network Society
Somayeh Ebrahimi Seyed Gholamreza Islami -
Open Access Article
20 - The Form of Residential Buildings on Local Winds: Air Pollution Reduction
Tina Sadat Sadrolgharavi Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigating the structure and physicochemical properties of mucilage extracted from Malva flower
Amir Hossein Elhami Rad Atefeh Ghorbani Leila Nateghi Mohammad Hossein Haddad Khodaparast Fatemeh Zarei -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparison of three different methods for detection of corn and sunflower oils in adulterated sesame oil
Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani Hassan Hamedi Melika Zandi Maryam Fahimdanesh -
Open Access Article
23 - Evolution of the first eigenvalue of buckling problem on Riemannian manifold under Ricci flow
shahroud azamiAmong the eigenvalue problems of the Laplacian, the biharmonic operator eigenvalue problems are interesting projects because these problems root in physics and geometric analysis. The buckling problem is one of the most important problems in physics, and many studies ha MoreAmong the eigenvalue problems of the Laplacian, the biharmonic operator eigenvalue problems are interesting projects because these problems root in physics and geometric analysis. The buckling problem is one of the most important problems in physics, and many studies have been done by the researchers about the solution and the estimate of its eigenvalue. In this paper, first, we obtain the evolution equation of the first nonzero eigenvalue of the buckling problem on closed Riemannian manifold (compact and without boundary Riemannian manifold) along the unnormalized Ricci flow and normalized Ricci flow and by using them, we prove that the first nonzero eigenvalue and some quantities dependent to this eigenvalue are monotonic along the Ricci flow, under the some geometric conditions. Then, on special manifold such as homogeneous, 3- dimensional, 2-dimensional manifolds, we study the evolutionary behavior of this eigenvalue. Especially in the 2-dimensional state, depending on the value of the scalar curvature along the normalized Ricci flow, we find the quantities dependent on the first eigenvalue that are monotonic under the normalized Ricci flow. Finally, we give examples of soliton states and Einstein manifolds, and we obtain the evolution of the first eigenvalue of the buckling problem under the Ricci flow on these examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Mathematical modeling for the study of blood flow as a cross fluid through a tapered artery
A.R. haghighi N. Pirhadi M. Shahbazi AslIn this research, a two-dimensional model of pulsatile blood flow through a tapered artery with a non-symmetric stenosis is simulated. The blood flow as a cross fluid is modeled in an elastic cylindrical tube with an axially non-symmetric stenosis and a time-dependent g MoreIn this research, a two-dimensional model of pulsatile blood flow through a tapered artery with a non-symmetric stenosis is simulated. The blood flow as a cross fluid is modeled in an elastic cylindrical tube with an axially non-symmetric stenosis and a time-dependent geometry. The velocity of blood flow is compared within an elastic artery and an inelastic artery. Mild stenosis approximation is applied to simplify the governing equations. By applying an appropriate coordinate transformation, a cosine elastic artery turns into a rectangular and rigid artery. Using the finite difference method the Navier-Stokes equations governing the dynamics of the blood flow are numerically solved for velocity field. The correctness of the proposed model is proved through a comparison between the obtained results the present study and the previously obtained ones by others. The blood flow characteristics including resistive impedances, volumetric flow rate, and wall shear stress are obtained via the axial velocity profile. Various Two-dimensional diagrams for different parameters of the velocity distribution are also provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Modeling of Partial Digest Problem as a Network flows problem
R. Nadimi O. RanjbarRestriction Site Mapping is one of the interesting tasks in Computational Biology. A DNA strand can be thought of as a string on the letters A, T, C, and G. When a particular restriction enzyme is added to a DNA solution, the DNA is cut at particular restriction sites. MoreRestriction Site Mapping is one of the interesting tasks in Computational Biology. A DNA strand can be thought of as a string on the letters A, T, C, and G. When a particular restriction enzyme is added to a DNA solution, the DNA is cut at particular restriction sites. The goal of the restriction site mapping is to determine the location of every site for a given enzyme. In partial digest method, all pairwise distances between restriction sites are produced. Mathematically, given pairwise distances between n points on a line segment, the goal is to find that points. This problem has been named Partial Digest Problem(PDP). In this paper we present a new model for PDP using generalized network flows. Since complexity class of this problem is one of the most important open problems in bioinformatics (there is no polynomial algorithm and no proof for Np-completeness) reducing to a network flow problem create a new viewpoint to challenge with this problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Providing a model for evaluate the efficiency of supply chain based on information flow using fuzzy network data envelopment analysis
tahmineh Noohi tehrani maryam shoar saber saati mohtadiRapid development toward globalization, a competitive market, significant technological advances, and high customer expectations have encouraged companies to reduce costs and increase their competitive advantage. One of the things that can help companies achieve a compe MoreRapid development toward globalization, a competitive market, significant technological advances, and high customer expectations have encouraged companies to reduce costs and increase their competitive advantage. One of the things that can help companies achieve a competitive advantage is supply chain management. Information acts as an intermediary between all activities and operations within the supply chain. The innovation of this research can be shown in two aspects of application and modeling. In terms of application, with a review of the literature and investigating the application of multi-stage and network data development analysis in the supply chain, it was revealed that so far, the efficiency of financial and physical flows in the literature has been evaluated more and the indicators are mostly related to two financial and physical flows in the supply chain, therefore there is more research opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of information flow within the supply chain. Measuring the efficiency of information flow should be an integral part of supply chain management. Therefore, this research aimed to present a model to evaluate the efficiency of information flow in the supply chain. In terms of mathematical modeling, research innovation is considering the model of the network and reversible relationship in the supply chain. With a review of the literature, the indicators are investigated to evaluate the efficiency of information flow in the supply chain, and the validity of indicators is examined by the fuzzy Delphi method. Then the decision making unit and inputs and outputs of the model are introduced. In this research, the fuzzy network data envelopment analysis is used. In order to implement the models, we used the GAMS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A New Algorithm of the Variational Inequality Problems with Application on the Asymmetric Traffic Equilibrium Problem
Morad Payvand Sadigheh Jahdi Hamid Reza maleki sarvestaniIn this paper, we introduce a double projection algorithm based on extragradient method for solving the variational inequality problems and we prove the convergence theorem of proposed algorithm. One of the parameters that determine the efficiency and accuracy of the pr MoreIn this paper, we introduce a double projection algorithm based on extragradient method for solving the variational inequality problems and we prove the convergence theorem of proposed algorithm. One of the parameters that determine the efficiency and accuracy of the projection method is a properly selected step size. This selection is based on the contractive properties of operator which is projected on the feasible region. For example, if the Lipschitz constant is not known, we have trouble choosing step size of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm eliminates the need to know the Lipschitz constant and provides a method that facilitates step size selection.We formulate the asymmetric traffic equilibrium problem as a variational inequality on the path flows space. According to the decomposable structure of the feasible set of this model, we obtain the traffic network equilibrium state, by using the proposed algorithm. Finally, we present the numerical results of using this algorithm on the Sioux-Falls test traffic network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Mathematical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium
Mahmoud ZarriniIn the current research, fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium were studied; And a mathematical model for the boundary layer equations of its stretching surface based on the Navier-Stokes equations was presented in the form of partial MoreIn the current research, fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium were studied; And a mathematical model for the boundary layer equations of its stretching surface based on the Navier-Stokes equations was presented in the form of partial differential equations and boundary conditions; that these equations were changed in the form of ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions by changing certain variables; And with the shooting numerical method, the boundary conditions of the model were changed to the initial conditions. Finally, an analytical solution for the fluid flow velocity was obtained and to find the heat transfer, the energy equation was solved by using the numerical method of Ronge-Kutta.Repeat (In the current research, fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium were studied; And a mathematical model for the boundary layer equations of its stretching surface based on the Navier-Stokes equations was presented in the form of partial differential equations and boundary conditions; that these equations were changed in the form of ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions by changing certain variables; And with the shooting numerical method, the boundary conditions of the model were changed to the initial conditions. Finally, an analytical solution for the fluid flow velocity was obtained and to find the heat transfer, the energy equation was solved by using the numerical method of Ronge-Kutta.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Inverse Maximum Dynamic Flow Problem under the Sum-Type Weighted Hamming Distance
H. Banikhademi H. Salehi FathabadiInverse maximum flow (IMDF), is among the most important problems in the field ofdynamic network flow, which has been considered the Euclidean norms measure in previousresearches. However, recent studies have mainly focused on the inverse problems under theHamming dista MoreInverse maximum flow (IMDF), is among the most important problems in the field ofdynamic network flow, which has been considered the Euclidean norms measure in previousresearches. However, recent studies have mainly focused on the inverse problems under theHamming distance measure due to their practical and important applications. In this paper,we studies a general approach for handling the inverse maximum dynamic flow problemunder the weighted sum-type Hamming distance. We assume that a dynamic network flow,and a desired feasible dynamic flow on the network is given. We try to adjust the current arccapacity vector to maximize the dynamic flow and minimize the changes. The motivationfor this study stems from the Hamming distance that is made practically important in thesituation where we only care about the change, disregarding its magnitude. In this paper,first we prove some preliminary results, then we show that this problem (IMDF) can betransformed to a minimum dynamic cut problem. So, we proposed a combinatorialalgorithm for solving the IMDF in strongly polynomial time. Ultimately, the proposedalgorithm, is illustrated by a numerical example on a dynamic network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Assignment of Receivables in Securitization Transactions (A comparative study on the law of France and Iran)
Jafar JamaliAssignment of receivables is the core of securitization transactions. For the purpose of securitization, receivables must be “transferable” and “eligible” for securitization. According to French Civil Code (and other European classic laws) assign MoreAssignment of receivables is the core of securitization transactions. For the purpose of securitization, receivables must be “transferable” and “eligible” for securitization. According to French Civil Code (and other European classic laws) assignment of receivables is effectual only when satisfies the legal terms and condition expressed in law. These legal systems require that an express notice must be given to debtor, or the assignment should be made with the consent of the debtor. These terms (especially an express notice to debtor) are not rationale and practical for securitization transactions. So, modern instruments and solutions designed and adopted to comply with the necessities of securitization. “Bordereau de Dailly” for “Mobilisation des créance” and “Bordereau de cession” for securitization transaction are main illustrations for those reforms. Fortunately, in the Iranian Civil Code the debtor consent or an express notice to him/her does not require. Despite this convenience, another problem exists for assignment of receivables: because of article 292 of Iranian Civil Code way of expression, one may understand that the effect of assignment and novation in our subject is the same. Some interpretations in the doctrine has cleared the subject and moved this confusing situation. But still it is necessary for Iranian legislator to meet the financial and money market needs; Iranian financial market needs securitization law. Key words: securitization, Bordereau de Dailly, assignment of receivables, collaterals attached to receivables, assignment of future flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - An Investigation of Leverage Effect on Dividend Policy in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
بهمن بنی مهد علی اصغریIn this paper, we have examined relation between financial leverage effect and dividend policy over a 7- period in 66 firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. We have found that there is no relation between financial leverage and&n MoreIn this paper, we have examined relation between financial leverage effect and dividend policy over a 7- period in 66 firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. We have found that there is no relation between financial leverage and dividend policy . But, there is a positive relation between firm size and operating cash flow with dividend policy in study sample. The results of this study show that in emerging markets such as Iranian capital market , we could not find any agency theory implications on dividend policy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The role of Liquid-claims, free cash flow and capital structure in optimizing financial leverage (Case study: Iran's Capital Markets Banking Industry)
Masomeh Azarnia Abd-Almajid Dehghan Ali Nobari TabriziThe purpose of this research is to investigate the role of liquid-claim, free cash flow and capital structure in optimizing financial leverage in active banks in the Iranian capital market. The statistical sample of 10 banks accepted in the capital market, whose informa MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the role of liquid-claim, free cash flow and capital structure in optimizing financial leverage in active banks in the Iranian capital market. The statistical sample of 10 banks accepted in the capital market, whose information was available for the period from 2006 to 2016, were selected by systematic elimination method. The research carried out in terms of the target type is a part of applied research and the research method is correlated in terms of content and content. The research has been carried out within the framework of deductive-inductive arguments. For analyzing the hypotheses, a panel analysis has been used. The results show that there is a significant relationship between liquid-claim and financial leverage optimization, between capital structure and optimizing financial leverage, between free cash flow and optimizing financial leverage, and between credit risk of the bank and optimizing financial leverage, but There is no meaningful relationship between type of ownership and financial leverage optimization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Effects of Product Market Competition on Agency Costs
امید پورحیدری امیر سروستانی رحمت اله هوشمندIn this paper , the effect of Product Market Competition on Agency Cost isinvestigated. In this regard, the effect of size is controlled. For measuring the ProductMarket Competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of sales and entry barriers is used.For measuring agency MoreIn this paper , the effect of Product Market Competition on Agency Cost isinvestigated. In this regard, the effect of size is controlled. For measuring the ProductMarket Competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of sales and entry barriers is used.For measuring agency cost ,two criterion is used. The first criterion is the interaction ofthe firm’s growth prospects and its free cash flows. We used Tobin’s Q as a proxy for thefirm’s growth prospects. The other criterion is the assets turnover ratio.To test thehypotheses and data,multiple linear regression was used. findings of investigating 62firms in the 2003 to 2011 show that as the firm competition power increases and on theother hand the degree of the product market competition decreases, the agency cost wouldsignificantly increase. Moreover, the strength of the research results using annual datawere also exmined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Fundamental Information in Technical Trading Strategies through a Combination of Operating cash flow with Contrarian and Momentum
Aminallah Makkipour Mohsen DastgirTechnical trading strategies assume that past price trends predict future ones. Their application may be profitable if the past trend reflects fundamental information that has not yet been fully priced. However, if the trend merely reflects temporary pricing pressures, MoreTechnical trading strategies assume that past price trends predict future ones. Their application may be profitable if the past trend reflects fundamental information that has not yet been fully priced. However, if the trend merely reflects temporary pricing pressures, technical trading will presumably fail. We argue that using financial statements as an additional source of information helps to avoid such failure. We implement a trading strategy that uses operating cash flows to identify enduring past price upturns and composite with momentum and contrarian strategy. In this study, using panel data, the impact of technical and fundamental strategies independently and in combination on stock returns 90 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, in the period 1387 to 1392 were studied. For this purpose, the stock return as dependent variable and momentum, reverse and operating cash flow are considered as independent variables. The results show that due to the timing and strategies have been used to form portfolios, hybrid strategy is best returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Information Flow and Stock Return Predictability
Mohammad Rahimi Abolfazl ShahabadiThis study explores the role of information flow in stock return predictability in Iranian stock market. The empirically motivated models estimated using the monthly data of the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period of 2001:01 to 2011:12. While Iranian stock market MoreThis study explores the role of information flow in stock return predictability in Iranian stock market. The empirically motivated models estimated using the monthly data of the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period of 2001:01 to 2011:12. While Iranian stock market return is high predictable, the source of return predictability is shown to vary considerably with information flow. The results show that the relevance of the first-order autocorrelation decreases with volatility and reversely, the relevance of a conditional multifactor asset pricing model increases with volatility in this market. Furthermore, the results indicating that the local market risk and changes in oil price affect the expected aggregate return in periods of high information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Investigation of membership effect in business group on the Investment–cash flow sensitivity
امید پورحیدری علی قاسمی اقباشThe main objective of this study investigation the effect of membership in businessgroup on the Investment–cash flow sensitivity. When the external financial resource isscare, the companies use cash flow operation for investing. In Result the investingsensitive to MoreThe main objective of this study investigation the effect of membership in businessgroup on the Investment–cash flow sensitivity. When the external financial resource isscare, the companies use cash flow operation for investing. In Result the investingsensitive to cash flow. If a company membership in business group, it can provide theresources for investing from group and in result the sensitivity of investment to cash flowis reduce. The study sample consists of 120 Firms listed in Tehran stock Exchange duringthe 2002 to 2011. The multivariate regression is used to analyze the study Hypotheses.The results indicate there is not a significant relationship between cash flow andinvestment on member firms in business group. Also the results show that there isn’tsignificant relationship between cash flow and investment on member firms of diversityand non diversity business group in result the Hypotheses is rejected. It shows thatIranian company don’t use from capacities in business group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Stock valuation models with a view to achieving optimal model in the banking industry of Iran
Zahra Taraghi Jah Hashem NikoomaramValuation is a knowledge which helps modeling all effective factors in the company's cash flow, while helping the share holders to determine stock intrinsic value, through discounting company's cash flow. One objective of a valuation system is to help students simulate MoreValuation is a knowledge which helps modeling all effective factors in the company's cash flow, while helping the share holders to determine stock intrinsic value, through discounting company's cash flow. One objective of a valuation system is to help students simulate changes in a firm’s financial strategies and discover how these changes affect a firm’s credit health or its value. It also simulates all company's financial affairs, through which the investors could calculate the relative reports on stock intrinsic value efficiency and regulate their transactions, as regards to the expected profit.Moreover, the Managers could also measure their decisions efficiency before the operations and render the highest return (value) to the stockholders.This research is a study over the efficiency of applying deferent approaches of valuation in obtaining the acceptable stock intrinsic value of private banks in Tehran securities exchange. Tentative instances show that discounted operating cash flow model has the most correlation coefficient with actual price of stock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - An investigate the effect managerial optimism on investment sensitivity to cash flow
Allahkaram Salehi Rohallah Mosavei Mohammad MoradiThe sensitivity of investment to cash flow is one of the issues that have recently been the focus of financial researchers. This measure through the changes in company capital expenditures to per unit change in cash flow, measurement is made. The aim of this study was t MoreThe sensitivity of investment to cash flow is one of the issues that have recently been the focus of financial researchers. This measure through the changes in company capital expenditures to per unit change in cash flow, measurement is made. The aim of this study was to evaluate managerial optimism measure and its impact on the sensitivity of investment to cash flow with regard to the presence or absence of financial constraints on listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Thus, financial information of 100 listed firms in Tehran stock exchange investigates during 2007 to 2013. The number of data collected for this study was 700 years–company. In order to test hypotheses, multiple regression with the panel data approach, and software’s SPSS21 and Eviews7 has been used. Our results’ study shows a positive and significant relationship between managerial optimism and investment cash flow sensitivity both for the full sample, and also between firms classified to firms with financial constraints and without financial constraints. Also findings indicate that the Investment cash flow sensitivity under managerial optimism stronger for constrained firms than unconstrained firms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Association Between Various Earnings, Cash Flaws as Performance Measures and Return Stock
Bahman Banimahd Masomeh Sadat RasouliThe assessment of performance is a considerable subject for the users offinancial statements. Investors; creditor and users want to know that thecompany how much successful in achieving the aims.Many of managers and investors and creditors use some differenceperformance MoreThe assessment of performance is a considerable subject for the users offinancial statements. Investors; creditor and users want to know that thecompany how much successful in achieving the aims.Many of managers and investors and creditors use some differenceperformance measures. The information asymmetry between internal andexternal users is led to find the best measure of performance.The subject that which measure should select need to investigate.This research investigates the association between various earning andcash flow measures of firm performance and stock returns.The companies of the security exchange were selected between 80-86.The result of this research shows that there is no correlation between independed variable such as various earning and operating cash flow, freecash flow, accrual and stick returns Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigating the Impact of Accrual Anomaly on Corporate Financing Activities
Reza Mansourian Nader RezaeiThe purpose of this study is to find an appropriate answer to the question of whether the abnormal accruals have an impact on the financing activities of companies accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange or not? For this purpose, the financial information of 105 active co MoreThe purpose of this study is to find an appropriate answer to the question of whether the abnormal accruals have an impact on the financing activities of companies accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange or not? For this purpose, the financial information of 105 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 6 years 2011- 2016 was tested using a combined analytical. In order to investigate the purpose of the research, three main hypotheses were presented separately using multiple regression models. Based on the analysis of the first hypothesis, it was found that anomalies of accruals have a negative and significant relation with the future profitability of the companies under study. The result of the second hypothesis is that there is no significant relationship between accrual accounting anomalies and adjusted returns at error level less than 5%. In the third hypothesis it was stated that anomalies of accruals have a positive and significant correlation with the cash flow from financing activities. These findings indicate the need for more attention from policy makers and market capitalists to the abnormal accruals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The study of effective factors on probability of default banks' credit facilities (The case study of legal customer of Export Development Bank of Iran)
شمس اله شیرین بخش ندا یوسفی جهانگیر قربان زادThe aim of this research is to verify effective factors of legal counterparty creditrisk of Export Development Bank of Iran (EDBI), and design a probability of defaultmeasurement model using logit regression.330 probability samples were selected from companies that took MoreThe aim of this research is to verify effective factors of legal counterparty creditrisk of Export Development Bank of Iran (EDBI), and design a probability of defaultmeasurement model using logit regression.330 probability samples were selected from companies that took loans in year 1387(2008-2009) including 256 good pay bank customers and 65 bad pay bank customers.Seven variables have been recognized which have significant influence atcompanies' credit risk among 13 selected financial ratios as effective explanatoryvariables in default probability based on statistics indexes and economic and financialtheories. after significant examining total of the regression with LR statistic finalmodel in 5% level of significance created by them.The results expressed that cash flow on total debt ratio (CSDT), assets turnoverratio (SATA), current ratio (CACD) and liquidity ratio (LR) have a reverse effect oncredit risk. Free cash flow ratio (RETA), total debt ratio (TDTE) and current debts tonet worth ratio (CDTE) have a direct effect on credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the value content of different models of free cash flow by considering the growth opportunities and adequacy of the Corporate Governance
javad hosseini Rasoul Baradaran Hasanzadeh ahmad mohammadi mahdi zeinaliThe purpose of this study is to identify a certain criterion of free cash flow that has the most value content under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance system. In fact, the purpose of this study is to conduct research that can be effective in MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify a certain criterion of free cash flow that has the most value content under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance system. In fact, the purpose of this study is to conduct research that can be effective in improving the comparability of companies and thus the quality of financial reporting by identifying a specific pattern of free cash flow that has value content. To achieve this goal, 11 widely used free cash flow models were tested on a sample of 180 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009 to 2019 using panel data regression to examine the value content. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that free cash flow based on the model of Lehn & Poulsen (1989) with a higher R2 than other models of free cash flow can explain changes in stock market prices under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance. . Overall, the findings show that the market gives more weight to the free cash flows of companies that have the opportunity for further growth and a strong corporate governance system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Ability of Direct Cash Flow versus Indirect Cash Flow Method for Predict Future Operating Cash Flow
غلامرضا کردستانی بهمن کولیوند عباس زند عباس آبادیEffect of method of providing cash flow resulting from operating activities (directand indirect methods)in power of predict future cash flows of the issues that a lot ofresearch has led the financial literature. Cash Flow Statements aim to provideinformation regarding t MoreEffect of method of providing cash flow resulting from operating activities (directand indirect methods)in power of predict future cash flows of the issues that a lot ofresearch has led the financial literature. Cash Flow Statements aim to provideinformation regarding the flow of incoming and outgoing cash during an accountingperiod. If the flow of funds that offers with information on other users of financialstatements should assist in these purposes to: (a) evaluate the company can create apositive future net cash flow evaluate the ability to participate in the confrontationcommitments and also requires the company to external financing, evaluate thecompany can pay the financing costs and dividends, Children understand thedifference and net operating profit company operating cash flows, determine theeffects of capital transactions Investment and Financing made during the company'sfinancial condition. The aim of this paper is a review of this issue 1) directlycompared the methods of indirect methods of calculating flow. Operating cash flowability to predict more are operating? 2) whether operating cash flow compared withits components is more useful for investors?According to survey results with data collected from companies listed in TehranStock Exchange during the period 1380 until 1388 showed that the cash flow ofinformation due to operational activities of the direct method predict more comparedwith indirect methods are entitled, and operating cash flow compared with itscomponents is more useful for investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Relationship between of Cash Flow Operating &Operating Income with Stock Return & the Effect Information Asymmetry on this Relation
رویا دارابی حمیدرضا وکیلی فرد مسعود مشکینIn this study, information content of operating income and cash flow operatingand the effect of information asymmetry on information content of these variables topredict stock return in the 70 companies accepted on Tehran Stock Exchange in theperiod of 1385 to 1389 and MoreIn this study, information content of operating income and cash flow operatingand the effect of information asymmetry on information content of these variables topredict stock return in the 70 companies accepted on Tehran Stock Exchange in theperiod of 1385 to 1389 and use of linear multiple regressions was studied.Results showed that operating income and cash flow operating has informationcontent and can explain stock return, and the information content of operating incomeis more than cash flow operating. Also, the information asymmetry effect theinformation content of operating income and cash flow operating and with increasinginformation asymmetry, information content of cash flow operating is increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluating the balanced Scorecard Model using System Dynamics methodology (case study: Saman bank)
محمد علی افشار کاظمی فاطمه پناهیNowadays, the world faces a wide span of dynamic complicated problems.Dynamic here means " changing in the time". Dynamic problems need continuous thrivingmanagerial measures. Dynamic subjects in managerial and policy making domain, are thoseof continued and reversible MoreNowadays, the world faces a wide span of dynamic complicated problems.Dynamic here means " changing in the time". Dynamic problems need continuous thrivingmanagerial measures. Dynamic subjects in managerial and policy making domain, are thoseof continued and reversible nature.In this cases, we take managerial measures, see the results, evaluate and take newmeasures with new results and again further measures. Hence, a closed circle is formed.Feedbacks are the result of complicated counter measures between system variables.The main purpose in methodology of dynamic system, is to understand the reasons forimproper dynamisms and taking new policies to amend or omit those. This thesis tends toreveal the dynamic implementation of " Balanced scorecard(BSC) " model in "Saman Bank",resulting form higher managers approach to attract and sustain customers far beyond regularexpectations considering country's competitive and complicated economic condition. In thisrespect, Saman Bank thrives to utilize the organization full capacity to increase efficiencythrough a customer – centered organizational behavior as a sustainable competitiveadvantage.In this study, the dynamic model has been taken from each aspect of BSCand then theBSC simulation has been taken considering each aspect's counter effect.In each aspect, casual loop diagrams, stock and flow diagrams, variable definition, dataaccessibility, formulating, assumptions and results from simulation has been delivered. Modelbehavior and model sensitivity analysis has been done and finally the analysis of differentscenarios came to assist top management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Energy Cost Accounting: Conventional and Flow-oriented Approaches
Zahra Dianati Deilami Mojde DerakhshanDue to the increasing importance of energy resources and prevent their loss ,In this study, using philosophical method and rational approach and comparison between conventional energy cost accounting and conventional energy cost accounting approaches found that Material MoreDue to the increasing importance of energy resources and prevent their loss ,In this study, using philosophical method and rational approach and comparison between conventional energy cost accounting and conventional energy cost accounting approaches found that Material and Energy Flow Cost Accounting (MEFCA) can be taken as a comprehensive and closed instrument to identify and analyze energy inefficiencies. From this two questions arise: (1) Can MEFCA replace a conventional (German) energy costing? (2) if not, can/should it be integrated with conventional energy costing to press home the advantages of both approaches?This paper shows that in response to First question, like most of other environmental cost accounting approaches, MEFCA should be understood as a specific accounting method to improve economic and environmental decision making with respect to material (and energy) usage. So, it does not (and cannot) replace the already existing body of conventional (energy) cost accounting methods and the cost knowledge generated by them. In particular, it does not provide useful support for decision making on prices and product programs (types and quantities of products). Second, in fact, a conventional energy costing concept can provide a multitude of the information the MEFCA needs to appraise the cost of the flows. So, it is reasonable to identify and use the interdependencies between the two approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigating the relationship between intellectual capital and indices performance assessment of companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
دکتر علی اسمعیل زاده مقری دکتر محمود همت فر علیرضا زمانیانThe present research is investigating “The relationship between intellectual capitaland indices performance assessment of companies in Tehran Stock Exchange”. Thissubject was tested by searching the relationship between intellectual capital asindependent var MoreThe present research is investigating “The relationship between intellectual capitaland indices performance assessment of companies in Tehran Stock Exchange”. Thissubject was tested by searching the relationship between intellectual capital asindependent variable and earning before tax, operating cash flows and value added asa dependent variables. Statistical society of this research includes all admittedcompanies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 1383 to 1387 that have determinedrequirement for statistical society. Then 73 firms of statistical society were selectedand studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Valuing of cash flows in capital cash flow method and comparison it with free cash flow and adjusted present value methods in listed companies of Tehran stock exchange
Mohsen Dastgir Vali Khodadadi Maryam GhayedOne of the methods for valuing companies is the use of discounted cash flows. In this paper, we introduce capital cash flow discounted by weighted average cost of capital after tax and compare with free cash flow discounted by weighted average cost of capital before tax MoreOne of the methods for valuing companies is the use of discounted cash flows. In this paper, we introduce capital cash flow discounted by weighted average cost of capital after tax and compare with free cash flow discounted by weighted average cost of capital before tax. The sample data set used consists of 54 companies listed in stock exchange. Then, we collect their financial information during during 1383 to 1385 and for analysis, we apply T student statistic test. The results show that by using suitable discounted rate, the calculated valuation by capital cash flow would equal with both of introduced methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluating the value relevance of book value,accounting earning and cash flow with stock prices
Khosro FaghaniMakraniConsidering the role of the book value, accounting earning and cash flows, the research examined the relevance of these variables separately and in combination with the stock price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange concerning the classification of companies i MoreConsidering the role of the book value, accounting earning and cash flows, the research examined the relevance of these variables separately and in combination with the stock price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange concerning the classification of companies into profitable and unprofitable companies and managed earning companies and unmanaged earning companies as a basis for decision making and forecasting beneficiaries. By applying the data from 129 listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2007 to 2012, the present research has been conducted on a descriptive-correlation based approach and the linear and multivariate regression technique used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the book value has more relevance to the stock price than accounting earnings and cash flows which decreases over time. Also, the findings suggest that the profitability and unprofitability of the companies have no impact on the relevance of book value, accounting earnings and cash flows and the combined value relevance of book value and earnings and the combined value relevance of book value and cash flows with stock price over time. In unprofitable and unmanaged earning companies, the combined value relevance of book value, accounting earning witnesses a decrease whereas the combined value relevance of book value and cash flow undergoes an increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Relationship between Real Earnings Management Activities and Future Performance of the Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
علی سعیدی نرگس حمیدیان حامد ربیعیThere is considerable research on accrual-based earnings management in accountingliterature but, real activities-based earnings management and its effects are lessinvestigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of real earningsmanagement activi MoreThere is considerable research on accrual-based earnings management in accountingliterature but, real activities-based earnings management and its effects are lessinvestigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of real earningsmanagement activities and future performance of listed companies in Tehran StockExchange.This research utilizes panel data method and a sample of 123 firms during the period2000-2010. Following Cohen & Zarowin (2010), we use the abnormal cash flows fromoperations, abnormal cost of production and abnormal discretionary expenditures asproxies of real earnings management activities. The future cash flows from operationsand future earnings from operations are considered as proxies of future performance.The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship betweenabnormal cash flows from operations, abnormal cost of production, and abnormaldiscretionary expenditures as the proxies of real earnings management and futureperformance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Survey the Relation between Different Segments of Cash Flow Statement and Capital Structure
Farzaneh Heidarpoor Hasan EsmaeiliMain goal of this research is to find out whether between different segmentsof cash flow statement and capital structure in Tehran Exchange Committeeany relationship exists or not?This research is limited to companies which have accepted in TehranExchange Committee in 1 MoreMain goal of this research is to find out whether between different segmentsof cash flow statement and capital structure in Tehran Exchange Committeeany relationship exists or not?This research is limited to companies which have accepted in TehranExchange Committee in 1381-1385 and have increased their capital at leastonce in considered period.In this research by applying formula the volume of sample were determinedthirty five companies.The result of this study shows that there is not relationship between differentsegments of cash flow statement and capital structure in Tehran ExchangeCommittee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The influence of Financial Variables’ Time Lags in Predicting Operating Profit and Operating Cash Flows
احمد خدامی پور رضا پوراحمد علی ترک زاده ماهانیThe goal of this study is to appraise the ability of two variables, operating cash flows andaccruals in predicting operating cash flows and Operating Profit with time lags. The studyperiod is from 2005 to 2010.The regression results for hypothesizes show that there is a MoreThe goal of this study is to appraise the ability of two variables, operating cash flows andaccruals in predicting operating cash flows and Operating Profit with time lags. The studyperiod is from 2005 to 2010.The regression results for hypothesizes show that there is a significant relationshipbetween future operating cash flows and cash component of Operating Profit, and current yearshows the highest relationship in relation to all the lags. Also, the results reveal that, there is asignificant relationship between future operating cash flows and accrual component ofOperating Profit, and two years lags show the highest relationship in relation to other lags andcurrent year. Furthermore, The results indicate that there is a significant relationship betweenfuture Operating Profit and, cash and accrual components, and four years lags show thehighest relationship in relation to other time lags and current year. So, recording to thisresearch, the best predicting of Operating Profit and Operating Cash Flows will be receivedon these time lags. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The investigation of the ability of current accounting data in Predicting Future Cash Flows
پیمان امینی کامران محمدی عباس افلاطونیCash flow prediction is an important purposes of financial reporting, becauseprovide important information for internal and external users. Most researchersbelieve that accounting data can be used to predicting future cash flows.In this paper we Study the ability of ear MoreCash flow prediction is an important purposes of financial reporting, becauseprovide important information for internal and external users. Most researchersbelieve that accounting data can be used to predicting future cash flows.In this paper we Study the ability of earning, cash flows, and accruals to predictingfuture cash flows. In order to study the predictive ability of used models, Pearsoncorrelation, and regression pooling data has been used.The results show that current cash flow alone has superiority in predicting future cashflow than current earnings alone and Also, disaggregation of earnings into cash flowand accruals as well as adding accrual components to the model which alreadycontains accruals data implicitly in the form of earnings generate superior explanatorypower with regard to future cash flow.Finally, adding short term accruals (change in accounts receivable, change in accountspayable and change in inventory) in compare with long term accruals (depreciationand amortization) to the earnings-based model, lead to increase higher the ability ofpredictive future cash flows Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigation of the relation between cash flow management and the cost of debt
Hamidreza Vakilifard Mehri DavoodiIn this research we examine the relation between cash flow management and the cost of debt in the Stock Exchange of Iran. The awareness works of management for changing the form or time of reports that conduce reporting cash flow in different form, is cash flow manageme MoreIn this research we examine the relation between cash flow management and the cost of debt in the Stock Exchange of Iran. The awareness works of management for changing the form or time of reports that conduce reporting cash flow in different form, is cash flow management. The relation between cost of debt and cash flow management provide evidence for the efficiency of uses of debt in process of cash flow information. We also examine the effect of leverage, firm size and corporate governance on cash flow management. The result of the research show that cash flow management has the direct effect on financial costs and increase it. Also the firm size has a direct and leverage has the indirect effect on cash flow management. We use the technical panel of regression analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Studies the relations between operation cash flows, bankruptcy risk and future operation cash flows
قدرت اله طالبنیا مجید بالاییThe present paper studies the relations among operation cash flows, bankruptcyrisk and future operation cash flows. Accordingly, we have considered the relationsbetween “future operation cash flows” with “current operation cash flows” and“b MoreThe present paper studies the relations among operation cash flows, bankruptcyrisk and future operation cash flows. Accordingly, we have considered the relationsbetween “future operation cash flows” with “current operation cash flows” and“bankruptcy risk”. We have also studied the relations that future operation cash flowscan bear with new variable which are formed from the combination of “bankruptcyrisk” with “current operation cash flows”. For studying the relation the variables with“future operation cash flows”, we have applied Pearson’s correlation coefficient andmultiple regression analysis (multi- variable).In data- analysis stage, we have used thedata from 93 firms certified by Tehran’s Stock Exchange from 1382 to 1387.Results from our study prove that there exists a noticeable direct and meaningfulrelationship between future operation cash flows with current operation cash flows.The same results also, indicate a relation between bankruptcy risk and currentoperation cash flows with future operation cash flows, so that in most operationyears, bankruptcy risk and current operation cash flows have been effective inpredicting future operation cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Evaluation of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Seeds of Different Genotypes of Safflower
M. Vosoughkia L. Hossainchi Ghareaghag M. Ghavami M. Gharachorloo B. Delkhosh -
Open Access Article
57 - Hydrological drought intensity classification with SMMD30 index (Case study of snowy-icy flow regime rivers in Mazandaran province)
Miromid HadianiDrought occurrence is more than wet years in the North of Iran, while no specific climatic trend has been observed in the region in terms of declining precipitation in the years leading up to recent decades. In terms of spatial pattern, the occurrence of droughts and we MoreDrought occurrence is more than wet years in the North of Iran, while no specific climatic trend has been observed in the region in terms of declining precipitation in the years leading up to recent decades. In terms of spatial pattern, the occurrence of droughts and wet years did not follow a specific trend and mostly did not have special synchronicity and coordination between different regions of the province. In this study, the intensity of hydrological droughts in the rivers with a snowy-icy flow regime in Mazandaran province was studied and classified (weak, severe, and very severe) by sequence theory method with the standard index of minimum flow of 30 days. The independence of the hydrological behavior of the rivers, especially in drought status, the differences in the topographic and physical attributes of watersheds, the independence of the minimum discharge threshold in drought conditions, and consequently the difference in the microclimates caused that this index was different even in different seasons of the year. The very severe intensity index of the Chalous river was -1.486 in the autumn and this index was -0.743 in Cheshmeh Kile river with a similar hydrologic regime and at the same time, in the regional analysis, it was possible to express the classification index of the very severe intensity of hydrological drought in the snowy-icy flow regime was -1.385 in the autumn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Analyzing the development of cultural and social trends affecting the general and public atmosphere of Ardabil province
Mohsen AlaieCulture and cultural management are among the things that are considered as the main axis and foundation of sustainable economic development. Culture, as a set of beliefs, attitudes and heart beliefs of a group and society, constitutes their way of life. When the societ MoreCulture and cultural management are among the things that are considered as the main axis and foundation of sustainable economic development. Culture, as a set of beliefs, attitudes and heart beliefs of a group and society, constitutes their way of life. When the society's way of life is based on a strong scientific and developed culture, it is easy to build the foundations of sustainable development. Based on this, in this article, an attempt is made to investigate and study the influential cultural currents from the point of view of managers and experts in relation to the factors and influential cultural-social currents governing Ardabil province. The main results of this analysis, using Q factor analysis was performed on the participants, four main mental groups were obtained from the perspective of the managers and experts of the province regarding the cultural currents of Ardabil province. The first group, which constitutes 23% of the respondents, expressed the existence of social harms in Ardabil province. are dissatisfied. The second group, which constitutes 37% of the responding managers and experts, have not expressed dissatisfaction with the cultural trends of Ardabil province. They have evaluated the province's culture in the political field. Finally, the fourth group, which constitutes 17% of the respondents, believes that the guardian of religious propaganda should be a specific organization. They are against the fact that the cultural products of Ardabil province have been able to respond to the cultural and value gaps of our country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Impression investigation of cultivation of cut flowers and putplants on pakdasht economy
Masome Pazoki Mojtaba Ghadiri Masomd Alireza EstelajiDuring the several past decades, making variety in exports or on the other hands,tendency to exports development and export mutation strategy violently has beenbeing emphasized. In this way, for the purpose of replacing other goods instead for oilin economical growth, d MoreDuring the several past decades, making variety in exports or on the other hands,tendency to exports development and export mutation strategy violently has beenbeing emphasized. In this way, for the purpose of replacing other goods instead for oilin economical growth, development and making structural transition, increasing jobopportunities, acquiring foreign income and finally possibility of divulging ofpotentials abilities exports of non-oil goods has been being emphasized.For economical development, knowledge of resources and effective factors ongrowth by exports has high importance, especially, those resources that they haveproportional preference and competition preference. One of these goods that can be innon-oil exports complex, is cut flowers and put-plants, because of Pakdasht physicaland historical pervious record.With preparing the way for cut flowers and put-plants production and exports, theuniversal markets gates will open to Iran and Pakdasht economy. Considering thatthese productions have potential ability fore acquiring high foreign income, they canhave the very important role in arranging of non-oil economical plan and make varietyin exports.In the other way, cultivation of cut flowers and put-plants in villages has madeoccupation, increasing income and pile up wealth that has lead to economicaldevelopment in villages; finally it will make sustainable development in villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The analyzing and assessment of share's role of factors on the Rock flow's occurrence, by using of bivariated methods Case study: Garangoo catchments (eastern slope of Sahand Mt.,NW of Iran)
M. B. KhatibiCatchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, fre MoreCatchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, frequently are occurred on rocky slope of semi-arid mountain.These events are the natural outcome of natural processes which the occurrences ofevents are intensive with human impacts and are threat the human structure ,speciallyin mountain area and are imposed economical damage to villager The environmentmanagement is require firstly, to study mechanism of the occurrence of these eventsand then zonation of susceptible area to the occurrence events. The aim this article isassessment share of factors and is define share of 10 factors on the occurrence of Rockflow. The Rock flow hazard mapping is often performed through the identification andanalysis instability factors .For mapping ,firstly distribution map of factor produce anddigitized of factors and then analyzed by bivariated methods and the next stage,weighted to factors and final stage, produced Rock flow hazard zonation map by usingof Arc/View .This map show that, large part of Garangoo catchment is consist ofvolcano ash ,marl and old alluvial ,with steep slope at site of 2000 m altitude. Thevolcanic material (andesite and dasite) specially Miocene volcanic stone,produced thedebris and rock segments. These materials deposited on roads surface and distortedpassengers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF INNOVATIONS: THE CASE OF SAFFLOWER IN BANDAMIR DISTRICT
Mahboubeh Asimeh Mehdi NooripoorThe entry of any innovation into a social system usually faces various barriers and limitations and it cannot be expected to be necessarily accompanied by acceptance and use. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the adoption of safflower cult MoreThe entry of any innovation into a social system usually faces various barriers and limitations and it cannot be expected to be necessarily accompanied by acceptance and use. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the adoption of safflower cultivation in Bandamir district of Zarghan area of Fars Province. The study was conducted using a stratified random sampling method, data were collected from 64 adopters of safflower cultivars and 36 non-adopters. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire was higher than 0.71. Data were analyzed using SPSSv22 software. The results showed that the most important difference between the adopters and non-adopters of safflower cultivation is related to age, agricultural experience, and the amount of the loan received. The results also indicated that the high accuracy and utility of discriminant analysis can classify adopter farmers of safflower cultivating from non-adopter ones. From the total variables entered the model, some variables including awareness rate, the received loan rate, communicational factors, the total amount of land under cultivation and literacy level, were the most important distinguishing variables of two adopter and non-adopter groups of safflower cultivation. In addition, the results of studying the characteristics of safflower products showed that according to farmers' view, this product is generally in desirable condition so that respondents' understanding of its relative advantage was higher than average score, in terms of compatibility it was in good conditions, in terms of the complexity it was nearly low, in terms of trial- ability, it gained a medium-to-high score and, about visibility, also it was moderate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The effect of particle shape of porous media on the longitudinal dispersivity: contaminant transport
ghasem mirzaeiOne of the most challenging quantities in analyzing the transfer of contaminant in the porous medium is the determination of longitudinal dispersivity. In this research, the effects of the porous media particle shape on the longitudinal dispersivity were investigated by MoreOne of the most challenging quantities in analyzing the transfer of contaminant in the porous medium is the determination of longitudinal dispersivity. In this research, the effects of the porous media particle shape on the longitudinal dispersivity were investigated by experiments on three column of soil (broken texture, river sand, spherical texture). Flow and contaminant (NaCl) were injected at five levels of velocities and the Breakthrough curve was extracted at five points along the column by Self-Potential Method, Then, by simulating the results with FEFLOW software and the inverse analysis with CXTFIT2 software, longitudinal dispersivity was determined. The results indicate that, for constant velocity, the medium with spherical texture has a longitudinal dispersivity greater than the other two medium and in the sandy medium it is more than the broken texture. This can be due to the increase in the contact surface as well as the path’s tortuosity, with the particle coming out of the spherical shape. With increasing velocity, the longitudinal dispersivity decreases in all three medium. Also, as the particles are closer to the spherical shape, the scale effect will be greater, and with increasing velocity, the decrease in the longitudinal dispersivity in these medium will be less. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Qualitative Modeling for Managing Water Allocation in Rivers
Sepideh Sahami Alireza Shokoohi Behnaz Khatar Farbod ChehrzadBackground and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative MoreBackground and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative management of river flow. In this regard, by simulating water quality in river exploitation scenarios based on environmental policies, including minimum flow allocation, reduction of flow quality from aquaculture standards, taking into account the quality factors and pollution caused by the development of marginal urban communities, will be discussed.Method: The present study, which should be omitted was conducted on the Azadrud River in the Sarvabad region of Kurdistan Province. In this regard, by measuring quantitative and qualitative parameters in two monthly periods, the QUAL2KW quality model was calibrated and validated. In the first part of the study, the quality of the river along 22 km was simulated by changing the flow rate based on flow allocation scenarios in the Tenant method, and in the second part, the values of qualitative parameters in different flow management scenarios were compared with the accepted standard values for aquaculture (fish).Results: Based on the results, while the minimum environmental discharge according to the Tenant method for the studied river is 1.1 m3/sec, the critical quality discharge for March and April were estimated at 7.7 and 10 m3/sec, respectively. The study showed that the poor tenant scenario is not suitable for allocating the minimum environmental flow to meet the quality requirements of the river at all. Conclusion: The results showed that the conventional flow allocation method, i.e., without considering the quality conditions of the river, is not suitable and can cause serious damage to the environmental conditions of the river. This study showed that ignoring the quality conditions at the time of flow allocation causes the ecological health of the stream to be lost and the river to not meet the required standard for aquaculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Climate change impact assessment on hydrological regimes of a mountainous river basin in Iran
Mohammad Reza KhazaeiIn this paper climate change impacts on hydrological regime of a mountainous river basin is assessed. In order to do that, scenarios of global climate models are downscaled by using change factor method. The climate scenarios are used as inputs of a rainfall-runoff mode MoreIn this paper climate change impacts on hydrological regime of a mountainous river basin is assessed. In order to do that, scenarios of global climate models are downscaled by using change factor method. The climate scenarios are used as inputs of a rainfall-runoff model, which is well calibrated for the basin, and daily stream-flow series for present condition and future scenarios (2067-93) are simulated. By comparison of river-flow characteristics for present condition and future scenarios, the climate change impacts on hydrologic regime of the basin are assessed. for analysis of the emission scenarios uncertainty, scenarios of A2, A1B, and B1, which relevant to high, medium, and low emission scenarios, respectively. Based on the results, basin temperature will increase between 3 to 5 Celsius degrees and potential evapotranspiration will increase for all month of the year. Despite uncertainty of emission scenarios, under all emission scenarios, annual average of rainfall and stream flow will raise; however, seasonal cycle of rainfall and river flow will change, too. Average river flow in the autumn and winter will increase, while the average river flow in spring and summer will decrease. Decreasing of the river flow in the second half of the water year, Implies the importance of considering of the climate change impacts on the river-flow for designing of dam’s reservoir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Estimation of Inflow to Urmia Lake Using Time Series and Basin's Future Simulation Modeling in Two Long and Short Term Scenarios
اردلان شریف نسب Mojtaba ShourianThe Urmia Lake is the largest and the most important internal lake in Iran and is one of the most valuable international hemispherical resources in the world. But the Lake has been gradually getting dried nowadays. If the Lake gets completely dried, irreparable environm MoreThe Urmia Lake is the largest and the most important internal lake in Iran and is one of the most valuable international hemispherical resources in the world. But the Lake has been gradually getting dried nowadays. If the Lake gets completely dried, irreparable environmental, economical and social damages would be appeared in the region. So, finding a practical solution for surviving the Urmia Lake is crucial. In the present research, it has been tried to predict the inflows of the rivers leading to the Urmia Lake, once based on the long term period’s recorded data and another time based on the recent dry period’s recorded data, by using autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series models in order to exert the effects of the recent drought in the forecasted data. The ARMA models are developed in the MATLAB soft ware. After calibration of the created models, the predicted discharges of the basin’s rivers were entered into the simulation model of MODSIM in order to estimate the water consumptions in the basin's future condition and finally the entering flows to the Urmia Lake in each of two forecasting scenarios. Results show that in each of two forecasting scenarios of long and short periods, the environmental water right of the lake wouldn’t be supplied totally. Also, if the agricultural water consumptions would get reduced about 14% and 56% in long and short periods respectively, the lake’s water right would be supplied completely. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Zinc foliar application on alleviating effects of irrigation cut-off in grain filling stage of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Jaivani Manoelian Weria Weisany Hamid Jabari Marjan DiyanatBackground and Aim: Climate change led to increasing the severity of stress, and today’s life of all plants is challenged by rapid environmental changes. Water is an important component in all physiological processes of the should be added, accounting for 80 to 95 MoreBackground and Aim: Climate change led to increasing the severity of stress, and today’s life of all plants is challenged by rapid environmental changes. Water is an important component in all physiological processes of the should be added, accounting for 80 to 95% of the plant’s biomass. Except in high humidity environments, plants are likely to be exposed to water deficit stress throughout their life cycle. water deficit stress decreases the quantity and quality of the plant product and in addition reduces the water use efficiency as well as reduced the absorption of nutrients. to reduce the effects of water deficit stress on plants, various methods are used, including mineral nutrition with trace elements such as zinc.Method: to investigate the effects of foliar application of zinc on the morph physiological and biochemical traits of safflower cultivars under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as a should be added split-plot based on of should be deleted randomized complete blocks design with three replicates during 2019-2020. Experimental factors include drought stress as the primary factor, and safflower cultivars and zinc foliar application as secondary factors. The plant’s canopy temperature was determined using an infrared thermometer. Seed oil was extracted from the mature seeds of safflower cultivars by the should be added apparatus using hexane solvent.Results: Water deficit stress was applied in two levels (regular irrigation (control) and irrigation cut-off when the grain filling stage begins); safflower cultivars in this experiment were Isfahan, Linas, Padideh, Parnian, and Goldasht; foliar application of zinc was in three levels (0, 0.5 and 1 kg. ha-1 Zn). Results showed that water deficit stress decreased stem diameter, head diameter, number of classes per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield, biological yield, oil yield, relative leaf water content. Whereas, water deficit stress increased the should be added of the should be added environment. Foliar application of 1 kg. ha-1 Zn improved seed yield, biological yield, oil yield, relative leaf water content.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the water deficit stress significantly decreased the growth rate and consequently biological yield, oil yield, and relative water content (RWC) of safflower plants and on the other hand, the application of zinc under optimal irrigation (control) and water deficit stress improved the mentioned traits. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the application of zinc can be one of the appropriate solutions to mitigate the effects of water shortage in the grain filling stage of the studied cultivars of safflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Laboratory study of the influence of continuous and non-continuous macropore layers on solute transport in soil
Farshid Taran علی اشرف صدرالدینی امیرحسین ناظمیOne of the mechanisms of solute transport in soil is preferential flow or flow in macropores. In this study, to investigate the influence of macropore paths on solute transport, three soil bulks composed of 3% clay, 4.2% silt and 92.8% sand in a box with 200 cm length, MoreOne of the mechanisms of solute transport in soil is preferential flow or flow in macropores. In this study, to investigate the influence of macropore paths on solute transport, three soil bulks composed of 3% clay, 4.2% silt and 92.8% sand in a box with 200 cm length, 100 cm width and 45 cm height were used. The first soil bulk was homogeneous (without macrpore path), the second one contained soil and layers of 5 cm thickness, composed of gravels with 2-4 mm diameter, from surface to bottom of the box (with continuous macropore layers), and the third one contained also contained soil and layers of same thickness and material, but the layers extended only to a depth of 35 cm (with non-continuous macropore layers). The transport of NaCl solution in these three soil bulks were experimented and then simulated using GeoStudio. In the soil bulk having continuous macropore layers, in comparison with the one with no macropore layer, the solute traveled the distance between the surface and the bottom in a shorter time (about 27%) and the peak concentrations were sooner observed (10-20 min). However, the non-continuous layers had no significant impact on the speed of solute transport. The GeoStudio software satisfactorily simulated the solute transport with the coefficient of determination more than 0.970 and the values of the root mean square error less than 0.25. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of zeolite application in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of sunflower
مجید غلامحسینی آیدین خدائی جوقان فرهاد حبیب زاده Amir GhalavandIn order to investigate the effects of zeolite in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers, applied inconventional and organic cropping systems, on sunflower quantitative and qualitative traits, an experiment wascarried out in 2011. The experiment was conducted MoreIn order to investigate the effects of zeolite in combination with chemical and organic fertilizers, applied inconventional and organic cropping systems, on sunflower quantitative and qualitative traits, an experiment wascarried out in 2011. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,Iran, in the base of a randomized complete blocks design with eleven treatments and three replicates. Thetreatments were divided into different groups (chemical, organic and integrated) with and without zeolite. Theresults indicated that different treatments had significant effect on most of the traits such as kernel yield, yieldcomponents, oil yield and nutrient content in the leaves (at the 1% level). The maximum kernel yield (2539 kgha-1), as the most important trait, was found when 50% of required nitrogen was supplied from zeolite compostedcattle manure and the rest was provided by chemical fertilizer (urea). In all nutrition methods, zeolite applicationimproved the oil yield trait. The highest oil yield (1165 kg ha-1) was obtained when 50% of required nitrogenwas supplied from composted cattle manure and the rest was provided by chemical fertilizer (urea) with 9 tonsper hectare of zeolite. Overall, supplying required nitrogen from both chemical and organic sources along withzeolite application can be considered as a great step towards reducing chemical input application to achievesustainable agriculture goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Autoregressive simulation of Zarrinehrud river basin runoff using Procrustes analysis method and artificial neural network and support vector machine models
بهروز سبحانی Mohammad Isazadeh منیر شیرزادRivers flow prediction in river basins has an important role in the operation and correct management of water resources. Determining type and number of estimator models inputs is one of the important steps in rivers flow prediction. Therefore, The Procrustes analysis (P MoreRivers flow prediction in river basins has an important role in the operation and correct management of water resources. Determining type and number of estimator models inputs is one of the important steps in rivers flow prediction. Therefore, The Procrustes analysis (PA) method for determining the number of effective inputs was used. In this study, flow prediction was done using the flow data obtained from the Safakhaneh and Santeh hydrometric stations. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and The Support Vector Machine (SVM) models was used for flow prediction. The best estimation of flow is done using the MLP and SVM models in Safakhaneh hydrometric station with RMSE equal to 5.68 (m3/s) and 4.85 (m3/s), respectively, and CC equal to 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. While in Santeh hydrometric station RMSE was equal to 6.44 (m3/s) and 6.36 (m3/s) respectively, and CC was equal to 0.78 and 0.79 respectively for MLP and SVM models. PA-SVM model showed better results than SVM model in estimating Safakhaneh hydrometric stations flow with RMSE equal to 5.45 (m3/s) and CC equal to 0.73 during the test period. The results also indicated that SVM and PA-SVM models estimated the flow of Santeh station with RMSE equal to 6.85 (m3/s) and 7.03 (m3/s) respectively. Basically, results indicated that the Procrustes analysis method can be used as one of the Efficient and suitable methods for determining the number of effective inputs. Comparison of the ANN and SVM results indicated that ANN model has more accuracy than SVM model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluating and Modifying the Texas Method as a Hydrologic Method for Prescribing Ecological Regime in Perennial Rivers
Behnaz Khatar Alireza ShokoohiThis study aims at evaluating and modifying the Texas method for allocating environmental flow. This hydrologic method, while using the minimum amount of data, is a rival for the Tenant method and has the capability of introducing an amount of discharge to maintain the MoreThis study aims at evaluating and modifying the Texas method for allocating environmental flow. This hydrologic method, while using the minimum amount of data, is a rival for the Tenant method and has the capability of introducing an amount of discharge to maintain the ecological regime of rivers. In this paper, after distinguishing the worthiness of the Texas method and observing some differences between the results of the method and the historical regime in the case study, the method was modified in such a way that while preserving the basic principal of the original method, could propose a flow regime which was laid between the observed long-term minimum and mean monthly discharges. The new method is called the Modified Texas method. For evaluating the Texas and Modified Texas methods concerning the allocated annual volume, the equivalent scenario from the Tennant method was employed. The allocated volumes by the Modified Texas, Texas, and Tenant methods were 50%, 47%, and 40-60%, respectively. This paper, concerning the achieved results for the case study, shows that employing the Texas and Modified Texas methods instead of the Tenant method and enhancing the method to the level of a native method provides reasonable results comparable with those of the habitat simulation or holistic methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Hydrological Drought Index Correction Based on Determining the Most Appropriate Probability Distribution
Maryam Jamal hossein ebrahimi Habib Mousavi JahromiStreamflow Drought Index (SDI) is based on the assumption that the flow data series follows from Gamma distribution. In this study, the efficiency of 65 statistical distributions was evaluated through the use of monthly and annual flow data series of 49 hydrometric stat MoreStreamflow Drought Index (SDI) is based on the assumption that the flow data series follows from Gamma distribution. In this study, the efficiency of 65 statistical distributions was evaluated through the use of monthly and annual flow data series of 49 hydrometric stations. The results show that on the annual scale, Gamma distribution is not the superior distribution. On a monthly scale, this distribution was found only in 1% of all cases examined as the superior distribution. This is while the Wakeby distribution was introduced on an annual basis in about 35 percent of the cases, and on a monthly scale, up to 43 percent of the scenarios were introduced as a top-ranked distribution. Based on the SDI index calculated based on Gamma distribution and Wakeby distribution, in the case of the P-Value of the Gamma distribution is less than 0.3, it is possible to move the drought classes using Wakeby distribution. These conditions were observed in 30% of the examined cases. The highest and the lowest displacements of the hydrological drought classes due to the use of superior distribution were in December and May, respectively. It was found that the highest frequency of displacement of the drought classes resulted from the use of superior distribution occurs in the normal class. Accordingly, it is recommended that the Wakeby distribution be replaced by the gamma distribution in the SDI calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Determining Hydrological Drought Characteristics Using Severity-Duration-Frequency Curves and Flow Thresholds Levels in Ardabil Province Rivers
Hamed Amini Abazar EsmaliOuri Raoof Mostafazadeh Mearaj Sharari Mohsen ZabihiBackground and Aim: Drought is a global phenomenon that can occur anywhere and cause significant damage to humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, the issue of hydrological drought and reduction of river flow in Ardabil province is also an important issue that require MoreBackground and Aim: Drought is a global phenomenon that can occur anywhere and cause significant damage to humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, the issue of hydrological drought and reduction of river flow in Ardabil province is also an important issue that requires a comprehensive study.Method: In this study, hydrological drought characteristics are using Severity-Duration-Frequency (SDF) curves considering four different threshold levels (constant, annual average, seasonal, and environmental flow) in 33 hydrometric stations in Ardabil province. The severities of drought events are calculated using Easy-Fit software in different return periods. In this regard, drought magnitude-duration-frequency curves are calculated and based on that, the values of drought events in different return periods are calculated and analyzed.Results: The highest drought event is determined for constant, seasonal, yearly, E-flow threshold levels in Samina, Mashiran, Booran, and Samian stations, respectively. Also, the lowest occurrence of drought is associated with the Vildaragh station. The majority of drought events in all four aforementioned thresholds are mostly observed in shorter durations, especially within one-month periods. The Jonson_SB and General Extreme Value distributions were the most suitable statistical distributions. The highest intensity of drought increases with longer return periods associated with the average annual threshold level, and the lowest intensity of hydrological drought is linked to the threshold of environmental flow. The SDF curves for all stations demonstrate an increasing trend, indicating that with prolonged hydrological drought duration in all studied thresholds, the severity of hydrological drought occurrences also increases. The greatest intensity of hydrological drought is sequentially related to the annual threshold, followed by the seasonal threshold and the fixed threshold, with the threshold of environmental flow being the lowest and least. Consequently, for shorter return periods, the fixed threshold indicates greater intensity or magnitude compared to the seasonal threshold in all four stations, and for longer return periods, the seasonal threshold demonstrates higher intensity of drought events compared to the fixed threshold.Conclusion: Furthermore, it can be concluded that the magnitude of hydrological drought at a fixed threshold shows less variability in all four selected stations compared to the other thresholds. It should be noted that in defining drought based on fixed, annual, and seasonal thresholds, events will have a higher number and greater intensity compared to the environmental flow threshold. The spatial changes in drought intensity are depicted on the map, indicating that most droughts have occurred in stations located in the northern and north-western regions (Borran and Dostbiglou). Separating the effects of human and climatic factors in drought assessment is a suggestion from this study that could be considered in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Estimation of genetic coefficients and evaluation of OILCROP-SUN model under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer
Mina Kiani Mahdi Gheysari Behrouz Mostafazadeh-FardCrop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suit MoreCrop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suitable base to conserve soil and water resources. This study was conducted as a strip-plot statistical design with randomized complete blocks design with three replications for each treatment. Total biomass, seed weight, seed yield, percentage of seed oil, and seed nitrogen were measured. Using collected field data, OILCROP-SUN model was calibrated and evaluated for different levels of water and nitrogen applications. Six genetic coefficients were then derived from calibration of OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid. The results indicated that seed yields were simulated reasonably well for 12 treatments with NRMSE value of 18.5%, and the d-index of 0.92. The d value of different treatments of water and nitrogen for seed nitrogen was 0.93, and for oil production per hectare was 0.91. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluating some pedotransfer functions for simulation of transient water flow in soil
Sanam Jafari Gilandeh Ali Rasoulzadeh Habib KhodaverdilooQuantitative description of soil hydraulic properties is necessary for any scheduling related to soil and water resources conservation. Soil hydraulic properties are important inputs for simulation of water flow and solute transport in soil. Since direct measurement of MoreQuantitative description of soil hydraulic properties is necessary for any scheduling related to soil and water resources conservation. Soil hydraulic properties are important inputs for simulation of water flow and solute transport in soil. Since direct measurement of these properties is time consuming and costly, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been widely and successfully used for their prediction. Yet, little efforts have been made for functional evaluation of PTFs predictions for application in simulating transient soil water flow. In this study, soil water retention curve (SWRC) of a clay soil was predicted, using some selected local and global PTFs. SWRC was also measured in the laboratory by direct method. Validity of studied PTFs in terms of prediction of SWRC was examined. By applying both predicted and measured hydraulic parameters to HYDRUS-1D program for simulation of soil water flow, functional behavior of PTFs was quantitatively compared in terms of simulation of water flow in soil. The obtained results indicated that both the selected global PTFs (Rosetta) with root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.025 cm3cm-3 and some regional PTFs (Ghorbani-1) with RMSE < 0.014 cm3cm-3 can reasonably well predict SWRC of soil surface. For prediction of SWRC of subsurface soil, the RMSE value of global PTFs was larger than 0.107 cm3cm-3 and was ranged from 0.036 to 0.356 cm3cm-3 for the local PTFs. However, for simulation of soil water flow a different set of PTFs was most efficient. RMSE values of adjusted Ghorbani PTF (S-Gh&H (Adj.)) for simulation of water content of surface and subsurface soils were 0.025 and 0.055 cm3cm-3, respectively. RMSE value of Wosten (1997, 1999) PTFs for surface soil was larger than 0.149 cm3cm-3 and for subsurface soil was less than 0.058 cm3cm-3. Simulation with the measured SWRC had RMSE values of 0.013-0.040 cm3cm-3 for surface and subsurface soils, respectively. It can be concluded that when validating PTFs, one should consider the objective for which the PTFs are assessed. A PTF might be accurate enough for predicting SWRC, but not for particular q(h) range governing the soil water redistribution process. Using such PTFs might lead to large errors in simulating soil water content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of drainage depth and impermeable layer on the flow rate and drainage water salinity in the irrigated soils of south khuzestan
Ali Mokhtaran Abd Ali Naseri Heydar Ali kashkuli Saeed BoroomandnasabA new approach in drainage design call for the control of shallow water table at vicinity of the crop rootzone for the purpose of proper soil and water conservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing drainage depth on salinity and MoreA new approach in drainage design call for the control of shallow water table at vicinity of the crop rootzone for the purpose of proper soil and water conservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing drainage depth on salinity and water rate of drains. For this purpose, R 9-11 farm with average drainage depth of 2 and distance of 60 meters and a R 8-7 farm with depth of 1.4 and distance of 40 meters of sugarcane in south Khuzestan were selected. During the study, constructing six pisometers groups in two farms with different distances from drain collector, the daily water table level and outlet drain flow rate and the salinity of groundwater, and outlet drain in each irrigation were measured respectively. Results indicated that by increasing the irrigation water, the difference of hydraulic load between the bottom layers to the top ones in both farms, leads the vertical flow upwards. In addition, by reducing the drain insertion depth, the groundwater rate of salinity reduces, but these changes of salinity depend on the impermeable layer depth. In addition, by reducing that drain salinity was affected by irrigation water and groundwater salinity and the difference of drain insertion depths, location of impermeable layer and sand lenses affect this salinity. In addition, by reducing the drain insertion depth, outlet drain flow rate was intensively reduced such that in R 9-11 and R 8-7 farms, outlet drain reached to 3.86 and 0.74 L/s, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effect of Zedo and Almond Gums as Fat Replacers on Flow Behavior and Organoleptic Characteristics of Vanilla Low-Fat Dairy Dessert
H. Jooyandeh H. Rostamabadi M. GoudarziIntroduction: Employing fat-replacers for development of low-fat food formulations is of growing interest because of consumers’ desire for healthy eating. The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using Zedo and almond gums as fat replacers for MoreIntroduction: Employing fat-replacers for development of low-fat food formulations is of growing interest because of consumers’ desire for healthy eating. The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using Zedo and almond gums as fat replacers for developing a vanilla low-fat dairy dessert. Materials and Methods: Effect of different levels of Zedo or almond gums (0.1, 0.2 & 0.3% w/w) on flow behavior and organoleptic characteristics of vanilla low-fat dairy dessert was studied in comparison to those of full-fat control sample. Results: The flow behavior of the dairy desserts fitted well to the Ostwald de Waele model (R2>0.99). All the samples exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior; however, fat reduction significantly resulted in decreased apparent viscosity and consistency index and increased flow index. Zedo and almond gums both caused an increase in the consistency index and favored the shear-thinning behavior of the low-fat dairy dessert as the flow index approached zero. The low-fat dairy desserts incorporated with 0.2% Zedo gum or 0.3% almond gum did not significantly differ from full-fat control in terms of flow behavior characteristics. The low-fat dairy dessert containing 0.3% Zedo gum, despite showing stronger shear-thinning behavior, was less appreciated than full-fat control. Conclusion: It was shown that by using 0.2% Zedo or 0.3% almond gum, it is possible to develop a low-fat dairy dessert with desired rheological and organoleptical properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Evaluation of Citron Peel (Citrus medica L.) Extract and Essential Oil on the Stability of Sunflower Oil
S. Okhli H. Mirzaei S.E. HoseiniIntroduction: Due to the unfavorable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the use of various sources of plant antioxidants to retard or prevent oxidation of foods, especially oil-based or fat-based varieties, has today received considerable attention.Materials and Methods MoreIntroduction: Due to the unfavorable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the use of various sources of plant antioxidants to retard or prevent oxidation of foods, especially oil-based or fat-based varieties, has today received considerable attention.Materials and Methods: Inorder to extract the essential oil, water distillation method was applied and the extract of citron peel was obtained by ultrasound and maceration methods by using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents. Total phenolic compounds of the extracts and their antioxidant activities were measured. The chemical compounds in the extract and essential oil were identified by gas chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant effect on the stability of sunflower oil was investigated. The stability of oil to oxidation during storage for 5 days at 65 ° C was assessed using peroxide, anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, Tutox values and oxidative stability index.Results: The most amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was absorved in ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic extract at 30 min. The extract concentration at 800 ppm was more effective to radical scavenging than the other concentrations. The major compounds of citron peel extract were nomilin and hesperidin. The results showed that the peroxide, anisidine, and totox value had an increasing trend over time. Ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic extract at 30 min showed the highest OSI.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the beneficial effects of the essential oil and extract from citron peel on sunflower oil stability and its superiority over synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigating the Possibility of Increasing the Stability of Pan Releasing Oil
M. Ghoraba B. Ghiassi Tarzi M. GhavamiIntroduction: This research work is concerned to identify and present the optimal formulation for maximum stability time of pan releasing oil. Non separation of food products particularly bakery ones from the pan will reduce the quality of the product and causes some wa MoreIntroduction: This research work is concerned to identify and present the optimal formulation for maximum stability time of pan releasing oil. Non separation of food products particularly bakery ones from the pan will reduce the quality of the product and causes some wastes. This study was designed to optimize the possibility of increasing the shelf life of releasing pan oils by using sunflower seed and canola oils.Materials and Methods: In order to formulate the pan releasing oil by Design Expert, sunflower seed andcanola oils with three different kinds of antioxidant (TBHQ, BHA, BHT) at different concentrations (100 ppm to 200 ppm) were prepared. Percent free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, induction period and fatty acid profile and composition were determined according to the national standard. The optimum concentration of the antioxidant concerned with pan releasing oil was obtained at 35° C for 90 days. Results: The result of this study indicated that the best result concerned with above factors was sunflower seed oil with 155 ppm tert-Butylhydroquinone concentration. Therefore, sunflower seed oil with added TBHQ as antioxidant might be used as a new and healthy pan releasing oil. Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil containing TBHQ might be introduced as a stable, healthy pan releasing oil. Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil containing TBHQ might be introduced as a stable, healthy pan releasing oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Determination of Pectin in Sunflower and Its Application in Food Industry
Behrooz Jannat Mohammad Reza Oveisi Nafiseh Sadeghi Masoomeh Behzad Abdolazim Behfar Mannan Hajimahmoodi Seyyed Mohammad Reza ShohadaiIntroduction: Pectin is a complex polysaccharide consisting mainly of esterified D-galacturonic acid residues in an alpha-(1-4) chain. The acid groups along the chain are largely esterifed with methoxy groups in the natural product. It has broad applications in both foo MoreIntroduction: Pectin is a complex polysaccharide consisting mainly of esterified D-galacturonic acid residues in an alpha-(1-4) chain. The acid groups along the chain are largely esterifed with methoxy groups in the natural product. It has broad applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries where it acts as gelling and thickening agent. The present study was designed to determine the galacturonic acid content and degree of pectin esterification. Materials and Methods: In the current study Record cultivar of sunflower grown in Varamin region of Iran was selected for pectin extraction. The residue was dried in a drying chamber and stored at 4°C before use. The pectin was extracted by using 0.75% sodium hexameta phosphate at the pH of 3, 4 and 5 with the temperature of 75, 85 and 95°C for 20 and 40 minutes and the optimum conditions for the extraction of pectin, galacturonic acid content and the degree of esterification was studied. Results: The highest yield was obtained at the pH of 5 and temperature of 95°C for 20 min. Galacturonic acid content or degree of purity related to the pectin was from 66.5% to 86%. Degree of esterification of extracted pectin was from 21% to 33% that clearly indicates the low methoxyl nature of the pectin. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between mentioned extraction condition factors, that is an important criterion for the quality of the pectin and the degree of esterification. Conclusion: It seems that the pectin extracted from sunflowers head show a high potential for commercial food applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - A Comparative Study Concerned with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fatty Acid Profile Methods to Detect the Adulteration of Sunflower Seed Oil in Extra Virgin Olive Oil
A. Pashaei F. Shovakhi M. Fahimdanesh F. Badei A. RahmaniIntroduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this pop MoreIntroduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this popular oilmight be subjected to adulteration. In this research, the application of Differential ScanningCalorimeter (DSC) and fatty acid profile methods to detect the adulteration of sunflower seedoil in extra virgin olive oil has been studied.Materials and Methods: Refined sunflower seed oil was added to extra virgin olive oil atdifferent portions (5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) and the thermal analysis of the samples wereperformed using DSC and the fatty acid composition of the samples were determined by GCapparatus.Results: The results of the thermal analysis showed that the addition of sunflower seed oilcreated significant changes in cooling and heating thermograms of DSC. The enthalpy, onsetand maximum temperature of major crystallization peak for at least 10% adulteration and theenthalpy and maximum temperature of minor melting peak for 5% adulteration indicatedsignificant differences as compared to the extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The results alsoindicated that the major fatty acids in the mixture with at least 5% sunflower seed oil showedsignificant differences as compared to extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The quantities ofbehenic and linoleic acids in the mixtures of 15 and 20 % added sunflower seed oil to olive oilindicated higher amounts than those defined as standard values.maximum limit of standardvalue.Conclusion: The DSC method might be evaluated as a valuable method to detect theadulteration of refined sunflower seed oil in extra virgin olive oil however this method has itslimitations regarding the percent of added oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Studying the Effects of Aqueous Safflower Extract as a Natural Colorant on Qualitative Parameters of Potato Chips During Storage
M.J. Jani S. Rahimi S. Koohi KamaliIntroduction: Color is one of the main parameters for food evaluation and marketing which can be improved by the application of natural colorants with known health effects. Materials and Methods: In this research, the addition of safflower aqueous extract as a natural c MoreIntroduction: Color is one of the main parameters for food evaluation and marketing which can be improved by the application of natural colorants with known health effects. Materials and Methods: In this research, the addition of safflower aqueous extract as a natural colorant was studied to improve the qualitative parameters of potato chips. For this purpose, safflower aqueous extract was prepared at 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations and were added to potato chips by immersion and spraying. Color, texture and sensory analysis were carried out at different time intervals of 0, 30 and 60 days of storage at ambient temperature. Results: The results showed that a* and b* increased and L* decreased as the safflower extract concentration increased while all color indices decreased during storage, significantly (p<0.05). According to the results of texture analysis, there was no significant difference between the hardness (brittleness) of control and immersion type specimens (p>0.05) during storage, while spraying method caused higher hardness as well as less brittleness in all the samples. Totally, the potato chips prepared by immersion gained the highest sensory scores (color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptance). Conclusion: Potato chips prepared by immersion containing 2% of safflower extract was chosen as the best sample due to the highest b* (45.22±0.77), least hardness (highest brittleness) (4.63±0.37 N) and the most overall acceptance score (4.50±0.51) after 60 days and immersion method was more effective than the spraying for improving the color of potato chips. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols from Ferula Persica and Evaluating the Effect of the Extract on the Stability of Sunflower Seed Oil as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidant
B. Mehdinia Lichaei R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Gh. DinpanahIntroduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate t MoreIntroduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate the effect on the oxidative stability of sunflower seed oil during storage. Materials and Methods: Using supercritical fluids (SCF), the ethanolic extracts at different concentrations (100, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) were prepared. Total amount of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the extracts were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu and spectrophotometry procedures, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated and the concentration of 2500 ppm showed the highest antioxidant activity, therefore, this concentration was selected and added to sunflower seed oil. The oil was kept at room temperature for 60 days and peroxide value, carbonyl number, oxidative stability index, total polar compounds and acid value were measured every 15 day and compared with the synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ 100 ppm). Results: The concentrations of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the SCF extract were determined and found to be 1495.81 mg as gallic acid and 58.6 mg alpha-tocopherol per 100 gram of extract. Conclusion: Ferula persica extract at the concentration of 2500 ppm due to the presence of both phenolic compounds and tocopherols exhibited antioxidant acivity in sunflower seed oil and have the ability similar to TBHQ that results in increased oxidative stability of the substrate, therefore, Ferula persica that is a natural product might be considered as a potent antioxidant to improve the stability of oils and fats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Optimization of the Variables and Physicochemical, Flow and Sensory Properties of Yogurt with Apple Juice Using RSM
S. Bajelan A. F. Mazaheri T. MostaghimIntroduction: Apple is a unique fruit with valuable nutritional and health effect properties and has been employed in various food products and formulations. The aim of this project is to optimize the concentration of apple juice in yogurt. Materials and Methods: T MoreIntroduction: Apple is a unique fruit with valuable nutritional and health effect properties and has been employed in various food products and formulations. The aim of this project is to optimize the concentration of apple juice in yogurt. Materials and Methods: The effect of different concentrations of apple juice (0, 5, 10 and 15 percent) to the milk to be used for yogurt making with different concentrations of dry matter (10, 12, 14 percent) on physicochemical and sensory properties during fourteen days of maintenance were investigated. Results: The results indicated decreases in the pH with increasing acidity in all the cases during storage. Incorporation of apple juice had significant effect (p<0.05) on all physicochemical characteristics of yogurt samples. The results showed different levels of apple juice had significant effect (p<0.05) on viscosity. In the case of sensory properties, even with increasing the levels of apple juice (from 10 to 15 percent), sensory scores decreased but fermentation improved the aroma and mouthfeel properties and successfully masked the apple taste, therefore, apple juice and dry matter had significant effects on the organoleptic characteristics of the samples (p<0.05). Conclusion: Among the treatments, the one with intermediate values of the two variables was selected as the best treatment with the highest sensory scores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigation of Rheological Behavior of Malva Flower Mucilage Under Different Temperature, Concentration and Shear Rate Conditions
A. Ghorbani A.H. Elhamirad L. Nateghi M.H. Haddad Khodaparast F. Zarei -
Open Access Article
85 - The Effect of Bleaching Process on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Canola and Sunflower Seed Oils
M. Haji Hoseini M. Ghavami A. Heidary-Nasab M. Gharachorloo -
Open Access Article
86 - The Effects of Degumming and Neutralization on the Quality of Crude Sunflower and Soyabean Oils
Sh. Mardani M. Ghavami A. Heidary-Nasab M. Gharachorloo -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Extracted from Nine Varieties of Sunflower Seed
N. Amini M. Jamali Kermanshahi P. Mahasti -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigating Different Methods for Estimating the Need for Environmental Water (Case Study: Alandchay River)
Elmira Pirouzian Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein SedghiBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and MoreBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and downstream ecosystems are of particular important. A sustainable strategy is a revision of the allocation of water for various uses and an increase in the share of the environmental flow from the current 10% to (20-40%) annual yields of rivers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the monthly distribution of the environmental flow of an indicating river with a permanent flow (Alandachay river) using existing hydro-ecological methods.Method: In this paper, seven hydro-ecological methods were used: (1- Tennant; 2- Tessman; FDC 4- Smakhtin 5- FDC shifting 6-DRM; 7- Water-quality method called Q-relation). The results of environmental estimation of Alandachay River were calculated using different methods.Findings: According to this paper, the environmental law of the Alandachay river in the FDC shifting method and with acceptance of the river conditions at the minimum ecological status acceptable (environmental management class C), at hydrometry station, average annual flow rate was estimated to be 1.56 cubic meters per second, which considering the amount of environmental water, the highest calculated amount of all seven methods and was calculated 0.39 by using Tennant method. The other remaining methods were between these methods.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this paper show the accuracy of the FDC shifting method with the environmental class C at the studied station at 1.56 cubic meters per second as the bio-management class. These results show that quick methods of calculating the environmental flow used in Iran are mainly applied without considering the environmental conditions. This greatly reduces the accuracy of the results and even yields the opposite results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Modeling Daily River Flow Using Simulator Meta-Models (Case study: Gamasiab River)
massoumeh zeinalie mohammad reza golabi mohammad hossein Niksokhan mohammad reza SharifiBackground and Aim: The aim is first to express the differences and identify three models, namely, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Neural-Fuzzy Network (ANFIS), and Bayesian Network (BN), and compare them with each other. Furthermore, the research's central question MoreBackground and Aim: The aim is first to express the differences and identify three models, namely, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Neural-Fuzzy Network (ANFIS), and Bayesian Network (BN), and compare them with each other. Furthermore, the research's central question is whether the superior simulation meta-modal in this study can be a suitable alternative to conceptual models in the conditions of lack of data and information. Methods: The data used for this study are the daily rainfall and flow data of the Gamasiab Nahavand River in 10 years from 2002 to 2012. For the prediction or simulation stage, the data of the blue year 2012-2011 have been used. Results: In the training phase and according to the coefficient of explanation and the square root of the mean squares error and the AIC criterion, it is observed that in all three models, both in the training phase and in the test phase, we see a minimal difference in the amount of these parameters. Moreover, all three models' results are close to each other with almost a minimal difference, and almost the relative superiority of the GEP model can be seen. Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicate that the simulator meta-model of gene expression has an excellent ability to simulate and predict the river's daily flow, this simulation meta-model can be a suitable alternative to models in the absence of data and information. Be conceptual. Also, the speed of implementation of the gene expression programming model was faster than other models and was able to provide results in a short time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Comparison of Hydrology and Eco Hydrology Methods in Environmental Flow Estimation of Mahabad River
nazak rouzegari mohammad taghi sattari hajar feyziBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, MoreBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, as one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake basin, is very crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum environmental flow for Mahabad River using Eco-Hydrology methods. Method: In this study, the environmental flow for Mahabad River was estimated by five methods, namely Tenant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shifting, Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA). Findings: According to the results obtained in this study, to protect Mahabad River in the acceptable minimum environmental condition, the FDC shifting model considering class B (35.1% MAR (mean annual runoff), equivalent to 2.75 m³/s) and DRM considering class B/C (27.24% MAR, equal to 2.13 m³/s) led to approximately similar and acceptable results. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, the FDC shifting model and DRM that consider different hydrological classes are preferable to other methods, and these methods can be used to determine the environmental flow for Mahabad River. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Transmission and Retention Status of the Contamination Index (Escherichia Coli) with Different Levels of Salinity in the Saturated Column
Sahar Akhavan Soheila Ebrahimi Maryam Navabian Mahmoud Shabanpour Ali Mojtahedi Alireza Movahedi NaeiniBackground and Objectives: Escherichia coli is the most common fecal coliform in the cow manure that is considered as an indicator of groundwater contamination. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the preferential transmission and retention of MoreBackground and Objectives: Escherichia coli is the most common fecal coliform in the cow manure that is considered as an indicator of groundwater contamination. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the preferential transmission and retention of Escherichia coli bacteria as an indicator of pollution in terms of using saline water. Material & Methodology: Laboratory studies were conducted in preferential flow system with synthetic m acro-pores with different diameter and salinity treatments under saturation flow in 2016. E. coli and chloride bio-tracer were used for detecting the effect of different water salinity levels. The wastewater samples were collected continuously during the transmission experiment at specific intervals. At the end of the experiment, three depths of soil from each column were sampled in two macro-porous and matrix areas. Then, the concentrations of bacteria and chloride were analyzed. Findings: The highest and the lowest concentration of E. coli in the collected drainage were observed in salinity of 1dS m-1 and 4dS m-1, respectively. At a depth of 5 cm, the bacterial retention rate was maximal and equal to 1.3 × 105 CFU-1. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that most of the treated bacteria were retained in the surface layers of the soil. Also, the amount of contaminants passing through the soil decreased with soil depth, so that the retention rate was decreased 10% per 5 cm increase in depth. In addition, the high concentration of bacteria exhausting from the soil columns treated with high salinity is due to the role of minerals such as salt in the transmission of bacteria. Therefore, water salinity can play an important role in reducing the pollution of groundwater resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Evaluation of removal efficiency of some chemical parameters of Bu-Ali Industrial Estate wastewater using Phragmites australis in surface flow constructed wetland
Fereshteh Peynabar Soheil Sobhanardakani Mahdi Reyahi-KhoramBackground and Objective: Selection of appropriate technologies for wastewater treatment according to climate, economic and social conditions is very important. The use of non-advanced technology with low energy consumption wastewater treatment systems such as a constru MoreBackground and Objective: Selection of appropriate technologies for wastewater treatment according to climate, economic and social conditions is very important. The use of non-advanced technology with low energy consumption wastewater treatment systems such as a constructed wetland is cost effective and contributes to environmental reclamation. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of surface flow constructed wetland in the removal of COD and TSS parameters from Bu-Ali industrial town wastewater. Method: For the removal of COD and TSS parameters from Bu-Ali industrial town wastewater, three shallow artificial wetlands with retention time of 2 days were made as pilot. The samples were collected using specific containers from the input and output of the reactor and analyzed according to the standard methods. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Findings: The results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD and TSS were 75% and 80% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Although the removal efficiencies of COD and TSS in the surface flow constructed wetland containing Phragmites australis are acceptable, the treated wastewater is not suitable for irrigation because of the high concentration of organic matter at the wetland output. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Uncertainty Evaluation of ANN and ANFIS Models in Inflow Forecasting into the Raees-Ali Delvari Dam
Ali Eskandari Roohollah Noori Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh Farimah SaeediBackground and Objective: Accurate information about the river flow significantly influences the water resources management for the communities that use the water. In this regard, this study aims to present a reliable prediction of the monthly discharge of Shahpour Rive MoreBackground and Objective: Accurate information about the river flow significantly influences the water resources management for the communities that use the water. In this regard, this study aims to present a reliable prediction of the monthly discharge of Shahpour River, inflow to Raees-Ali Delvari Dam, located in the Boushehr Province, Iran. Methods: To forecast the monthly inflow to Raees-Ali Delvari Dam, the artificial intelligence models, i.e. artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were applied. Also, uncertainty determination of the both models was carried out in order to improve the application of their results in the management decisions in the water sector. In this regard, the simulated results of the models, tuned with the different pattern of calibration data, were used. Two indices, i.e. the width of confidence band (d-factor) and the values bracketed by 95 percent prediction uncertainties (95PPU) were applied in order to evaluate the models’ uncertainty. Findings: Results of tuned ANN and ANFIS models indicated that although the both models had the appropriate values of determination coefficient (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE), their performance was along with considerable errors in the high extreme values. Besides, a look at through the uncertainty results of the models indicated the ANFIS model, that included the less d-factor and higher 95PPU values, had less uncertainty than the ANN. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the same performance of the both ANN and ANFIS models in the calibration and test steps, it can be concluded that the ANFIS model was the best selection for monthly inflow prediction into Raees-Ali Delvari Dam due to its less uncertainty that ANN model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) to Manage Continuous Productivity Improvement (Case Study: Recovery Section (Line 6) and Cutting and Packaging section of Iran Aluminum Factory (IRELCO))
faeze jafarnasab Zahra AbediBackgrounds and Objectives: Green productivity strategy with foresight and relying on the foundations of productivity improvement is considered as a key strategy in line with the goals of the Millennium Development and Sustainable Development. The most important green p MoreBackgrounds and Objectives: Green productivity strategy with foresight and relying on the foundations of productivity improvement is considered as a key strategy in line with the goals of the Millennium Development and Sustainable Development. The most important green productivity technique is material and energy flow cost accounting, which in addition to having a complementary role with other ISO 14000 series (environmental management system), includes other green productivity techniques such as Deming cycle, Six Sigma, 3R and there are cases like this. Method: In this paper, in addition to tracking the flow of materials and energy in production processes, quantitative and monetary estimation of quantification centers, the balance of inputs and outputs in each part is estimated and also the potential for reducing materials and energy in these sectors is specified. Results: According to the calculations, the amount of material and energy losses was equal to 17910.6425 tons worth 901761.462 million Rials. The most losses are related to the "CD Hall" quantification center in the resuscitation section and the "cutting" quantification center in the cutting and packaging section, which accounted for 51.61% and 99.94% of the total waste in each section, respectively. Also, the lowest losses were related to the "FTP" calibration center in the resuscitation section and the "transportation" calibration center in the cutting and packaging section. Findings: As calculations and its results, by using Material Flow Cost Accounting in sections that considered in IRALCO, weight of wastages equals to 17910,6425 tons that worth 901761,462 Rials. According to the findings and estimations most of wastages belongs to measurement center of “CD hall” in reduction and measurement of “cutting” in cutting and packing section, respectively with 51/61% and 99/94% of total wastages. Furthermore the lowest amount of wastages belong to "FTP[1]" measurement center in reduction section and “transferring” measurement center in cutting and packing section that has few wastages. Discussion and Conclusion: Material Flow Cost Accounting is one of the green productivity techniques that by reducing production inputs consumption per production output unit or provision of services unit, reducing production costs, reducing wastages in production processes leads to increasing quality and competitiveness of product and also it leads to economic growth and profitability environmental protection and improving production efficiency of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Performance to Determine the Inputs to the Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Inflow into Alavian Dam
Saber Moazami Roohollah Noori Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh Abbas AkbarzadehBackground and Objective: Dams play an important role in development of countries by drinking and agricultural water supply, flood control, hydropower energy supply and recreational purposes. Constructing a dam and making an artificial lake has an important effect on su MoreBackground and Objective: Dams play an important role in development of countries by drinking and agricultural water supply, flood control, hydropower energy supply and recreational purposes. Constructing a dam and making an artificial lake has an important effect on surrounding environment, so being able to forecast the inflow to the dam is an important issue for water resource management. Method: In this study artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to forecast the monthly inflow from Soofichai River to Alavian Dam. Regarding the huge amount of input data to ANN model and for optimizing its application, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used in order to determine the best inputs for ANN model . Finally, the application of ANN and POD-ANN models was evaluated by determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and average of absolute relative error (AARE). Findings: Results of ANN and POD-ANN models indicated that although ANN output is close to the observed values of inflow to the dam, but it has significant errors. POD-ANN model showed better results than ANN model for high values of inflow. In generall, comparing R2, MAE and AARE values of two models revealed that POD-ANN model had better performance in both calibration and verification steps in comparison with ANN model. R2, MAE and AARE in verification step of POD-ANN model were 0.93, 0.79, and 0.54, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Preprocessing data contributes to better performance of POD-ANN than ANN model, especially in high values of inflow. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying data preprocessing and reducing inputs to ANN model enhances its performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Explanation of the Interaction of Residential Blocks Layout and the Pollution Dispersal Regarding the Natural Airflow (Case Study: Sobhan Residential Complex, Tehran)
TinaSadat Sadrolgharavi Mahnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi Fatemeh Mehdizadeh SaradjBackground and Objective: Increasing population and construction of tall buildings have multiplied the presence of environmental pollutants in cities. On the other hand, people use open urban environments more than before to meet their living needs. In this regard, vari MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing population and construction of tall buildings have multiplied the presence of environmental pollutants in cities. On the other hand, people use open urban environments more than before to meet their living needs. In this regard, various factors such as the layout of buildings and the presence of continuous wind currents can play a significant role in the distribution of pollutant particles. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of the layout of high-rise residential buildings on the distribution of pollutant particles by recognizing the air flow in Tehran.Method: ­In this research, using descriptive-analytical and comparative methods, using simulation technique using ENVI-met software, wind behavior around the distribution of pollutants has been investigated and analyzed. The method of data collection has been done through library studies and field survey.Findings: ­According to the modeling of the two different types of layout of selected urban block (Sobhan residential complex in Gheytariyeh district, Tehran)with similar building form–one as the existing situation and the other as the proposed model with orderly layout, the findings demonstrate that the layout alternation of residential blocks affects the natural airflow and wind speed between blocks and an improper and non-methodical locating of high-rise buildings causes a change in natural wind pattern and consequently, leads to secondary effects resulted from intensification or stagnation of wind and thus, influences the dispersion of pollutant particles.Discussion and Conclusion: ­ In this research, the obtained results from the two models of buildings layout in the software and the output related to the intensity of wind and the retention level of CO show that the existing situation model is more desirable compared to the proposed layout due to more unified and higher wind speed throughout the site and also proper air circulation between blocks which causes the dispersion of pollution and prevents the retention of pollutant particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Numerical study of the efficiency of dimensionless methods in determining flood status (Case study: Astaneh-Koochesfahan station, Sefidrood river)
Yasin Ebrahimdoust Alireza MardookhpourBackground and Objective: Rain is one of the most important parameters in the hydrological cycle. A large percentage of rainfall in different areas under the influence of factors such as geological structure and structure, vegetation, land slope and the shape of the bas MoreBackground and Objective: Rain is one of the most important parameters in the hydrological cycle. A large percentage of rainfall in different areas under the influence of factors such as geological structure and structure, vegetation, land slope and the shape of the basin becomes surface runoff. Floods are also the result of runoff caused by heavy rains with sudden melting of snow. In catchments, it is not possible to measure all the quantities required for runoff analysis, so it is necessary to choose a model that can easily predict the runoff from rainfall while using simple structure and minimal factors. arrives Material and Methodology: In this study, using simulation of rainfall to flood conversions in a long statistical period of about 20 years between January 23, 2000 to September 23, 2021 in the Astana-Kuchesfahan catchment with HEC-HMS software, one of the objectives The effect of selecting the type of flow conversion hydrographs on the amount of computational error in flooding was investigated. Findings: In this study, unlike the SCS method, in which the error digit as a Nash function is 0.540 and the RMSE is 0.7 as well as the deviation percentage with a digit of 28.01, for the Clark method the Nash function is The value is 0.533 and RMSE is 0.7 and also the percentage of deviation is 29.71. Also in Schneider method, Nash function is 0.477 and RMSE is 0.7 and also the percentage of deviation is 34.25. Discussion and conclusion: This calculation also confirms in terms of error measurement that one of the best criteria for observing the difference can not be RMSE. By performing the validation step, the amount of initial error on the set was significantly reduced. This value reached 0.595 during the long 20-year period for the Nash function. Also, for all the elements in the model, the flow volume and discharge at the moment of the peak event improved significantly. The correctness of the model in the calibration step to reduce the error confirms that selecting one type of hydrograph for the range does not necessarily lead to a significant reduction in the simulation error. However, the converted hydrograph type is significantly effective in reducing the calibration error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Impacts of droughts on environment flow (Case study: Minab River, Hormozgan, Iran)
Saeedeh Rostam Afshar Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Hedayat FahmiBackground and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River MoreBackground and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River, in order to create environmental balance.Material and Methodology: Because of insufficient knowledge of different methods in Iran and their compatibility with management and climatic conditions of the country, after reviewing all available methods, the modified Montana and the flow continuity were selected as the optimal methods.Findings: After selecting the study area, flow discharge at the Brentin station in the Minab River during the years 1963 to 2017 were collected. Firstly, monthly average flow was calculated and later, annual average flow was determined which was equal to 8.16 cubic meters per second. Since the monthly average flow for October, November amd May to September are less than the annual average flow, they were considered as low water period and from December to April were considered as high water period. In the next step, river flow for low-water period and high-water period were calculated and equaled to 2.80 and 15.65 cubic meters per second respectively. Finally, based on different management classes, environmental flow of the Minab River using modified Montana method was calculated and equalled to 0.28 for the low water period and 1.56 for the high water period. Environmental flow with flow duration method equaled to 1.24 cubic meters per second.Discussion and Conclusion: The results reveals that, minimum flow to meet the environmental needs for the Minab River during low water period should be considered 0.28 and between 1.24 and 1.56 cubic meters per second at high water period repectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Post treatment of composting leachate using combination of aerobic completely mixed and plugs flow reactors
Amir Hesam Hassani nader mokhtarani Asghar BayatfardAbstract Today, collection and treatment of leachate is one of the necessary measures in the waste management. Leachate is defined as the aqueous effluent generated as a consequence of precipitation percolation through wastes, biochemical processes in wastes body and th MoreAbstract Today, collection and treatment of leachate is one of the necessary measures in the waste management. Leachate is defined as the aqueous effluent generated as a consequence of precipitation percolation through wastes, biochemical processes in wastes body and the inherent water content of wastes themselves. Leachate is not limited to the Landfill. It is also produces with considerable organic load in composting plants. Usually in treating of strong wastewater, anaerobic process is followed by aerobic methods to boost the process efficiency. The aim of this research was assessing the efficiency of aerobic reactors (plug flow & CSTR) to complete anaerobic method in treating of composting leachate. In this study the aerobic system was consisted of four concrete reservoirs. The first two of them was CSTR reactors which were paralleled. The dimension of each of them was 4×6×6.5 m with the effective volume of 163 m3. The second two (in order) were also paralleled plug flow reactors with the dimension of 13.3×2.5×3 m and effective volume of 89 m3. Wastewater was aerated by means of fine bubble diffusers at the bottom of each reactor. After each two paralleled reactors one sedimentation tank was also predicted. According to experiments the best food to microorganism ratio (F/M) in CSTR reactor was estimated in the range of 0.5-0.15. The average of COD removal efficiency was 80% in CSTR reactors, while ratio of MLVSS/MLSS was 55%. The average of SVI was also 100 ml/g in these reactors. In plug flow reactors with average loading rate of 0.32 Kg COD/m3.d the average of COD removal efficiency and MLVSS/MLSS was 37% and 57% respectively. The average of SVI was also calculated as 84 ml/g in plug flow reactors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Combination of SWEG and SSP Models for Monthly Stream Flow Forecasting; TOROGH Dam in North Khorasan province as a Case Study
Ahmad Sharafati Bagher Zahabiyoun Ahmad AbrishamchiAbstract Stream flow forecasting is one the effective mean for reservoir operation and hydropower rule curve optimizing. Using multivariable liner regression model is one of the conventional approaches for stream flow forecasting. High sensitivity of regression model MoreAbstract Stream flow forecasting is one the effective mean for reservoir operation and hydropower rule curve optimizing. Using multivariable liner regression model is one of the conventional approaches for stream flow forecasting. High sensitivity of regression model to independency of independent variable (predictors) and ratio of statistical period to the number of predictors are challengeable problems for these models. Inter-correlation between predictors causes wrong estimation of predictor. At this paper for reduction of predictors for increase ratio of statistical period to the number of predictors and elimination of Inter-correlation between predictors, SSP model was prepared. SSP model use a strong searching algorithm to select effective initial predictors and principal component for seasonal and monthly forecasting. Deficiency of snow data such as snow water equivalent (SWE) is a problem of spring and summer stream-flow forecasting in cold catchment. SWE is measured twice a year in IRAN. There for, it is a prepared physical model SWEG to simulate daily SWE according other parameter such as precipitation, temperature, wind velocity and etc. it is used of Genetic algorithm to calibrate parameters of SWEG. In this paper output of SWEG is used as one variable of input variables of SSP for monthly stream-flow of TOROGH dam forecasting. The result of (RMSE) and coefficient of correlation shown that combination of these two models have enough accuracy for monthly stream-flow forecasting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Scenarios In Climate Change Impact Assessment on Monthly Stream-flow of Karun Basin
Mohammad Reza Khazaei Hadis KhazaeiBackground and Objective: In this paper uncertainties of GCM’s structure and emission scenarios in climate change impact assessment on monthly stream-flow of Bashar River basins are investigated and compared. Method: stream-flow of the basin was simulated using a MoreBackground and Objective: In this paper uncertainties of GCM’s structure and emission scenarios in climate change impact assessment on monthly stream-flow of Bashar River basins are investigated and compared. Method: stream-flow of the basin was simulated using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model. Climate scenarios simulated by 6 GCM under 3 emission scenarios for 2063-93 periods were downscaled using change factors method. Using these 18 future scenarios and observed climate data as inputs of the rainfall-runoff model, climate change impact on monthly stream-flow of the basin was assessed. Ranges of the results under various GCMs and emission scenarios were assessed and uncertainty of the GCMs and emission scenarios in the results were investigated. Results: In simulation of the monthly stream-flow of the basin, coefficient of determination (R2) reached values of 0.96 and 0.94 during calibration and validation, respectively. Under each of emission scenarios and GCMs it is projected that the amounts and annual cycle of the stream-flow will change. However, the amount and direction of the changes are different for various GCMs and emission scenarios. As instant, for September’s under various GCMs and emission scenarios the mean stream-flow may changes between 26% decrease to 123% increase. Conclusion: It is projected that climate change will have important impacts on the basin’s stream-flow. The uncertainty from GCM structure is larger than uncertainty from emission scenarios. However, the uncertainty from emission scenarios is significant, too, and cannot be ignored. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Daily Stream Flow Simulation in a Data-Poor Basin
Mohammad Reza Khazaei Bagher Zahabiyoun Bahram SaghafianIntroduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the keystones of scientific hydrology andenvironmental management. Therefore the researchers continuously try to find new approaches forimprovement of existing models or modeling methodologies.Material and Methods: In thi MoreIntroduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the keystones of scientific hydrology andenvironmental management. Therefore the researchers continuously try to find new approaches forimprovement of existing models or modeling methodologies.Material and Methods: In this paper, daily stream flow at the outlet of a watershed in southwesternIran was simulated using a conceptual continuous rainfall-runoff model. In encountering with theproblem of poor quality data, required data such as runoff, rainfall and PET were prepared using aspecific approach.Results and Discussion: The results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.80 and thecoefficient of determination was 0.82 during calibration and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.83and the coefficient of determination was 0.83 during validation. Furthermore statistics of observedstream flow were preserved in simulated stream flow. The results showed that this approach issuccessfully applicable for daily rainfall-runoff modeling when the quality of the input data is notadequate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Aerodynamic Simulation of a Container Ship and Evaluation of Cargo Configuration Effect on Fuel Consumption
Hamed Majidian Farhood AzarsinaBackground and Objective: Iran has access to open seas and plenty of sea transit around it has urged presence of merchant ships in the region. Fuel consumption has always been a matter of concern for ships. In this study, it is attempted to develop computer models for s MoreBackground and Objective: Iran has access to open seas and plenty of sea transit around it has urged presence of merchant ships in the region. Fuel consumption has always been a matter of concern for ships. In this study, it is attempted to develop computer models for several container ship cargo configurations and discuss an optimum configuration at a constant speed front wind. Method: The paper presents simulation results using ANSYS CFX commercial software for a Post-Panamax 9000 TEU container ship. The ship is modelled in a 1:4 scale, then using unstructured mesh the wind filed around it is solved. Drag force, drag coefficient, pressure contour and wind streamline velocity in ten different loading conditions are compared with each other. Finally, the optimized container configuration for loading on deck of the vessel is introduced. Findings: Simulation results demonstrate the influence of container configuration on wind load distribution. Also the numerical results are verified versus wind tunnel test data. Finally, the influence of container configurations on fuel consumption and reduction of pollutant emissions was calculated. Discussion and Conclusion: It is proposed to minimize empty spaces between the cargo containers and avoid unbalanced cargo distribution over deck in order to reduce the wind drag force and consequently reduce the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Also, it is suggested to make cargo distribution on the forward and aftward deck areas more streamlined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - To Assess the Impact of Extension and Education Classes of Plant Clinics on Sustainable Urban Landscape in Tehran Municipality (Case of Study of 17th and 18th Regions)
Sedighe Sarvari S.Jamal Farajolah Hosseini Sahar DehyouriUrban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. This problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. Citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserv MoreUrban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. This problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. Citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserving the urban landscape. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of extension and education classes of plant clinics on sustainable urban landscape in Tehran Municipality. The research type was applied and descriptive, casual / correlative methods were used. The population of study was 280 persons who attended the educational classes of plant clinics in 17th and 18th regions of Tehran Municipality. The data was collected by questionnaire and was analyzed by using SPSS win software. The results of study showed that there was meaningful relationship between sustainability of urban landscape as dependent variable and awareness about benefit of landscape, attending educational classes, educational level, interest about plants and flower and attitude about flower and plant as independent variables. The results of regression analysis indicated that attitude about plants and flower determined 19% of sustainability of urban landscape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Prediction of Flow Pattern in Surface Discharge of Negatively Buoyant Wastewater Compared with the Results from CORMIX Model
Mohsen Saeedi Ozeair Abessi Arash Aliabadi FarahaniBackground and Objective: Surface discharge of dense jet produced in coastal areas is considered as a common way for the disposal of brine in marine environment. Discharging flow patterns varies depending on the characteristic of discharge and receiving ambient water. T MoreBackground and Objective: Surface discharge of dense jet produced in coastal areas is considered as a common way for the disposal of brine in marine environment. Discharging flow patterns varies depending on the characteristic of discharge and receiving ambient water. Three flow patterns: free jet, shoreline attached jet and plume that have been reported in various field and laboratory studies are considered in this research. D-CORMIX is a computer simulation model that is used for the simulation of entrainment and mixing of negatively buoyant flow into water bodies. This model uses the principals of motion for bouyant flow to determin the flow patern in surface discharge. Thus, it seems that significant differences could be observed by comparing the experimental results of flow configurations for dense discharge using D-CORMIX. Method: D-CORMIX model was run for different discharge and ambient conditions. Same conditions simulated with a flume in a laboratory especially designed for the investigation of dense surface discharge from a rectangular channel. Results: The flow pattern predicted from running D-CORMIX model with laboratory observation was developed separately in non-dimensional diagrams in a way that vertical and horizontal cordinates showed the range of experimental conditions, to identify the area that each flow patern happens. Conclusion: Finanly, the differences between two diagrams and the reasons are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Numerical Modeling of Petroleum Contaminants Transported in Groundwater Probable Leakage from Khoy Oil Storage Tanks, West Azarbaijan, Iran
Abdorreza Vaezihir Vahideh AzizanBackground and Objective: In this research concentration and extent of soluble contaminants plumes caused by probable leakage of petroleum materials from Khoy Oil Products Storages and also transporting mechanism of pollutants by groundwater was investigated. Method: Gr MoreBackground and Objective: In this research concentration and extent of soluble contaminants plumes caused by probable leakage of petroleum materials from Khoy Oil Products Storages and also transporting mechanism of pollutants by groundwater was investigated. Method: Groundwater flow model for a steady and transient state was simulated using MODFLOW-2000 code. Then, flow model calibrated and the aquifer hydraulic parameters were estimated. Flow model output and calibrated parameters were used for simulation of BTEX and MTBE transported by MT3DMS code. Three scenarios were considered to predict transporting of pollutants under various conditions. Findings: The model results suggest that the plume MTBE in the condition of continuous source will be distributed up to 774 meters whereas it will distribute about 108m far from the source if the leakage stops after three years. According to the model prediction, the extension of BTEX will be less than MTBE in the case of continuous leakage. Under condition of the second scenario (non-continuous release of the pollutants) the plume extension of benzene reach will be 126 meter after 10 years and it can reach to the nearest abstraction well in 8.5 years. MTBE plume size in this period reaches to 6 times of BTEX and will reach the well in 1.5 year. Discussion and Conclusion: Average velocity of contaminant distribution is about 5 to 6 cm per day. It is predicted that the MTBE plume reaches earlier to the first pumping wells related to BTEX. So maintenance of the Oil tanks and monitoring of the downstream groundwater is a necessity. Average velocity of contaminant distribution is about 5 to 6 cm per day. It is predicted that the MTBE plume reaches earlier to the first pumping wells related to BTEX. So maintenance of the Oil tanks and monitoring of the downstream groundwater is a necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Testing the application of inflows (outflows) of mutual funds in the assessment and prioritization of asset pricing models
Masoome Khermandar Hamid Reza Vakilifard Ghodrat Allah Talebnia Ramezan Ali RoyaeeIn this research, a new method based on quantitative variables, instead of price and return variables, has been presented to evaluate and prioritize capital asset pricing models. The present study, using capital inflows (outflows) of mutual funds (quantitative variable) MoreIn this research, a new method based on quantitative variables, instead of price and return variables, has been presented to evaluate and prioritize capital asset pricing models. The present study, using capital inflows (outflows) of mutual funds (quantitative variable), has determined the model of capital asset pricing models (CAPM, F-F, F-F-C, CCAPM) that is mostly used by investors to decide on a allocation of capital. This study uses the data of mutual funds in the capital market of Iran during the period 1392 to 1396, and with the implementation of ordinary least squares regression (OLS) this method has been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The impact of financial position and industry characteristics on adjustment speed of capital structure
hossein assadi Elnaz Tajvidi Soheil Esmaeel PourThere are different theories in capital structure litreture witch describe financing behavior of capital structure. Trade-of and pecking order theories, as two famous capital structure theories, make diffrent explaination for capital structure adjustments. Recent studie MoreThere are different theories in capital structure litreture witch describe financing behavior of capital structure. Trade-of and pecking order theories, as two famous capital structure theories, make diffrent explaination for capital structure adjustments. Recent studies find evidence that support the idea of using both theories simultaneously would help explaination ability of capital structure adjustment model. So in this way, examining adverse selection cost while moving toward optimal capital structure can make better designation of capital structure adjustment models. Using partial adjustment mode, this research investigate factors influence adjustment speed of capital structure toward optimal leverage ratio. We examine impact of cashflow inbalances, industry concentration, industry munificence and industry dynamism on speed of adjustment by using fixed effects regression and generalised method of moments. Our sample consists of 155 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 1385 to 1394. We find that for above-target firms, adjustment for firms with financial surpluses is faster. For concentrated below-target firms, adjustment speed would be slower than other firms. Also dynamic above-target firms have strong tendency to adjust their leverage by reducing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigating factors affecting demand in mutual funds, focusing on cash flows.
mehdi hedayat pejman shabanpourfard seyedmojtaba mirlohiDemand for investment in mutual funds can be measured as the total net cash flows experienced by the fund during a period. On the other hand, many authors estimate the net cash flows using fund size and return information. This method provides a good estimate of cash fl MoreDemand for investment in mutual funds can be measured as the total net cash flows experienced by the fund during a period. On the other hand, many authors estimate the net cash flows using fund size and return information. This method provides a good estimate of cash flows. Therefore, two methods can be used to calculate net cash flows and analyze the factors affecting each of them. This study uses monthly data from 41 mutual funds from February 2012 to October 2017 using a panel method to test hypothesizes. The results show that the implicit flows are an appropriate measure for estimating net cash flows, but there are a few errors in its calculations. The results also indicate that variables such as returns, risk and lagged cash flows have a significant effect on investors' demands for investment funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Analyzing the relationship between performance metrics and investment cash flow with emphasis on the role of corporate political communication
ebrahim mansouri roya darabi Zohreh HajihaFor-profit units invest in non-cash resources that, in addition to earning extra cash, also seek return on investment. In today's competitive markets, there are successful firms that have a plan for their future. Financial planning is one of the most important planning MoreFor-profit units invest in non-cash resources that, in addition to earning extra cash, also seek return on investment. In today's competitive markets, there are successful firms that have a plan for their future. Financial planning is one of the most important planning approaches that is very important. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between performance criteria and investment cash flow with emphasis on the role of political communication of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the variables of return on assets and return on equity as performance criteria and the criterion of cash flow ratio of investment activity as a dependent variable were used. The results of this study, which was obtained from the financial data of 166 companies during the years 1390 to 1397 and multivariate regression method showed that although the performance profitability criteria have no significant relationship with cash flow from investment activity, but the company's political relationship causes change Investments in liquidity policies are made by the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Provide hybrid model for forecasting financial crises based on free cash flow :evidence from the capital market
ayat tamrinia mahdi Moradzadeh fard REZA Nazari Bahman BanimahdAbstract: Due to the significant socio-economic and political consequences that financial crises impose on different segments of society, financial crises of reporting units have always been one of the most important issues for creditors, shareholders and stakeholders i MoreAbstract: Due to the significant socio-economic and political consequences that financial crises impose on different segments of society, financial crises of reporting units have always been one of the most important issues for creditors, shareholders and stakeholders in general. The purpose of this study is to provide a combined model based on It is based on cash and free flows to predict financial crises in the Iranian capital market. The model is based on selected financial ratios based on free cash flows and by adding efficiency criteria. Research data using samples including 1560 views from 260 companies During the years 2007 to 2017These data are calculated to predict financial crises from Logit regression and to compare the resolution of the hybrid model with other common models of the rock curve. The research findings show that the hybrid model is based on flows. Free cash flow identifies the financial crises of companies in the Iranian capital market properly and has a higher accuracy compared to the following powerful models. According to the results of this study, it can be said that in the Iranian capital market, models based on free cash flows Capturing the structure of Iran's capital market and inflationary conditions has more explanatory power in relation to forecasting financial crises, and company managers and investors and corporate executives and investors in their economic decisions can pay more attention to such hybrid models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Overflow of parallel markets of Tehran Stock Exchange over the trading industries of the stock exchange.
hashem mokari seyed alireza mirarab bayigi Hoda HemmatiThe present study investigates the prevalence of parallel capital market revolts on stock exchange trading industries. In this study, the overflow of stock exchange industries has been measured separately for export and import-oriented parallel markets of currency and g MoreThe present study investigates the prevalence of parallel capital market revolts on stock exchange trading industries. In this study, the overflow of stock exchange industries has been measured separately for export and import-oriented parallel markets of currency and gold. In this regard, the autoregressive vector analysis (VAR) method and the autoregressive model conditional on the heterogeneity of multivariate generalized variances (MGARCH) have been used. The data of this research have been collected and tested using Eviews software from the beginning of September 2015 to the end of August 2016. The method of the present study is based on the classification of research based on the method, nature and direction of descriptive, applied and post-event, respectively, and is considered as a correlation in terms of type.The results of this study confirm the relationship between the effect of the overflow of export-oriented stock exchange industries from the parallel foreign exchange market; However, the research results of this overflow have not been confirmed by the parallel gold market. In this regard, the effect of the overflow of import-oriented industries from the parallel markets of currency and gold has not been confirmed. The side findings of the present study also show that there was a positive and two-way relationship between the two markets of currency and gold in the period under study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Investigating the models of the impact of different types of cash flows from the differentiation strategy and cost leadership with emphasis on the capital structure
Mahsa Moradi Mehrdad GhanbarIIn the capital structure, there is a necessity and thematic importance for the scientific expression of the impact of strategy and capital structure on the company's cash flows. Tehran securities and exchange in the period 2013 to 2018, which were extracted and analyzed MoreIn the capital structure, there is a necessity and thematic importance for the scientific expression of the impact of strategy and capital structure on the company's cash flows. Tehran securities and exchange in the period 2013 to 2018, which were extracted and analyzed as a sample by the method of systematic deletion of information of 139 companies. The statistical method used is the combined data method and the regression models were fitted with Eviews software. The results of hypothesis testing show that cost leadership and differentiation strategies have a significant effect on different types of cash flows by considering capital structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - corporate governance and Stock Price Adjustment Rate with emphasis on the life cycle
ali keramati farhod Saeid Jabbarzadeh Kangarlouei Jamal Bahri Sales asgar pakmaramThe main purpose of the present experimental study is to determine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the information retrieval rate in stock prices, with an emphasis on the life-cycle pattern of cash flow patterns. The research sample consisted of 112 com MoreThe main purpose of the present experimental study is to determine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the information retrieval rate in stock prices, with an emphasis on the life-cycle pattern of cash flow patterns. The research sample consisted of 112 companies that have been selected from Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2013-2019. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the quality of corporate governance does not have a significant effect on the information retrieval rate in stock prices. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the quality of corporate governance does not have a significant effect on the information retrieval rate in stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The effect of cash flow classes on the speed of adjustment of capital structure
atefeh Ghaemian bahram Mohseni Maleki rastaghi iman dadashi Maryam shafiee kakhkiThe capital structure influences various management decisions such as cash maintenance. The capital structure of companies does not necessarily correspond to the structure of the goal. Companies adjust the capital structure by considering adjustment and deviation costs. MoreThe capital structure influences various management decisions such as cash maintenance. The capital structure of companies does not necessarily correspond to the structure of the goal. Companies adjust the capital structure by considering adjustment and deviation costs. The role of liquidity in the dynamic nature of capital structure, especially the speed with which companies adjust their capital structure to the goal, is examined. It seems that a company with higher liquidity will face lower costs associated with issuing new securities and is therefore more inclined to quickly correct any deviations from its optimal leverage ratio from its target ratio. To verify this claim, In this study, 106 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 1384-1398 were examined. Through rolling regression, the effect of each heading of cash flow statement on the adjustment speed in upper and lower lever companies was tested. The results show that the speed of reaching the optimal leverage in companies with low optimal leverage is higher than companies with high optimal leverage. This indicates a lack of attention to future debt capacity in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results also show that the only cash flow from operations is a moderating factor in the speed of adjustment of the optimal leverage for companies above the optimal leverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigating the adjustment effect of corporate governance on the interaction of free cash flows and growth opportunities in synchronizing stock returns
Neda Rezaei asgar pakmaram Rasoul ABDI yaghoub aghdam mazraehConcurrent equity return is a relatively new field in financial and economic research that is closely related to economic development, financial market stability, and market efficiency .The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate governance MoreConcurrent equity return is a relatively new field in financial and economic research that is closely related to economic development, financial market stability, and market efficiency .The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate governance adjustment on the interaction of free cash flows and growth opportunities in synchronizing stock returns in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of this study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2017. The research method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and correlation or consistency in terms of method and nature. The test results of the hypotheses show the quality of corporate governance on the interaction between annual stock returns , Interaction between ownership concentration, transaction turnover and stock return synchronization A significant effect But the quality of corporate governance depends on the interaction between the life of the company, the size of the company, the growth of the company, Liquidity and synchronization of stock returns It has no significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Corporate Governance and Financial Constraints (Investment-cash flow sensitivity)
Nezamoddin Rahimian Reza JanfadaSuperior corporate governance can reduce the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation and thereby decrease the firm's financial constraints. If management is more committed to emphasizing shareholder value and financial discipline, the compan MoreSuperior corporate governance can reduce the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation and thereby decrease the firm's financial constraints. If management is more committed to emphasizing shareholder value and financial discipline, the company has a more transparent information environment, and the board of directors is more independent of controlling shareholders, it is more difficult for the controlling shareholders to expropriate from minority shareholders. The main purpose of this study is investigating the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial constraints in the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample of this study, includes 102 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1386-1390 and for processing and testing hypotheses, linear regression and clustering methods are used. The study results showed that count of major shareholders and board independence have increasing and significant impact on financial constraints in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Examining the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Investment - Cash Flow Sensitivity
Gholalreza Mahfoozi Mohsen Akbari Masoomeh Ghasemi ShamsThis study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on the sensitivity of investment to cash flow of companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, data from companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1387 to 1392 with panel data regre MoreThis study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on the sensitivity of investment to cash flow of companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, data from companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1387 to 1392 with panel data regression model was used to test the hypotheses. After examining the significant positive relationship between capital expenditures and operating cash flow in the first hypothesis, the second hypothesis explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility and sensitivity of investment to cash flow. The results showed that in the period under review, there is a significant positive relationship between social responsibility and sensitivity of investment to cash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Presenting of Investment Model for Interaction Between Industry and University with System Dynamic
Mahdi Homayounfar Abbas Toloie Ashlagy Mahdi Fadaei AshkikiSystem dynamic as emergency approach in modeling & Complex System analysis. In this paper, we use based on SD, modeling for interaction between industry and university. The research result show that can design casual chart between inventory and flow.System dynamic as emergency approach in modeling & Complex System analysis. In this paper, we use based on SD, modeling for interaction between industry and university. The research result show that can design casual chart between inventory and flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Impact of Financial Decisions on Valuation of Firms with Excess Cash flow and Firms with Low Investment Opportunities in TSE
Ebrahim Abbasi Hossein Akhzari Elaheh PouralikhaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial decisions on the market value of firms with excess cashflow and firms with low investment opportunities. Financial decisions can be seen from three aspects, which are investment decisions, dividend poli MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial decisions on the market value of firms with excess cashflow and firms with low investment opportunities. Financial decisions can be seen from three aspects, which are investment decisions, dividend policy, and debt policy. The data of 123 publicly traded companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were collected from the years 1383 to 1387. The hypotheses were analyzed, using panel data method and multiple regression models. The results indicated that in the firms with low investment opportunities, investments are understated, while debts are overstated. Moreover, in this kind of firms, shareholders were interested in more cash dividends. Analysis showed the same results for the firms with excess cashflow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigation the relation between Free cash flows and Tobin’s Q ratio with Management compensation plans in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Azita Jahanshad Mahshid Alam AhramiConflicts of interests may arise from managers’ lack of incentive for shareholders’ wealth maximization. For solving this problem and reducing agency costs motivational strategies should be used for managers. One of these strategies is management compensatio MoreConflicts of interests may arise from managers’ lack of incentive for shareholders’ wealth maximization. For solving this problem and reducing agency costs motivational strategies should be used for managers. One of these strategies is management compensation plans and another strategy is ownership of mangement in company.This paper investigate the relation between Free cash flows and Tobin’s Q ratio with Management compensation plans in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The purpose of this research is to answer this question that whether management compensation plans and their ownership in company leads to improvement of a company’s performance? Answering these questions helps companies and shareholders to find that whether these plans can increase their value and wealth or not. In this research Free cash flows and Tobin’s Q ratio criteria are used for performance evaluation. For this purpose data of 112 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2011 was studied. Hypothesis testing analysis was conducted by the use of statistical methods of Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression and variance analysis. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relation between management compensation and both free cash flows and Tobin’s Q ratio. Therefore increase in management compensation leads to improvement of a company’s performance, but percentage of board of directors’share has no significant relation with none of Free cash flow and Tobin’s Q ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - A Model for Explaining Working Capital Management: A Structural Equilibrium Modeling Approach
Syed Ali Mahdian Iraj NoraveshWorking capital is a huge part of the company's capital and its management is of great importance. Because current assets and liabilities include items that directly contribute to the operating cycle of the company. Therefore, based on this argument, the present study a MoreWorking capital is a huge part of the company's capital and its management is of great importance. Because current assets and liabilities include items that directly contribute to the operating cycle of the company. Therefore, based on this argument, the present study aims to provide a model explanation for working capital with financial performance and profitability of the company with the approach of structural equation modeling. For this purpose, a sample of 159 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010-2010 was selected. Working capital management (hidden variable) by observable variables (average payback period, average period of inventory turnover, average payment period, cash cycle, cash holdings, current ratio, and cash cycle turnover efficiency) and performance The financial and profitability of the company was also measured based on the rate of return on assets and the rate of return on equity. Following the assurance of the appropriateness of fitting the measurement and structural patterns of research, the results indicate that the management of working capital reduces financial performance. Also, the results of structural equations of this study showed that the management of working capital in accordance with the conservative policy of the manager leads to reduced profitability of the company Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Cash Flow Sensitivity Analysis on the Impact of Financial Constraints Based on the Bao Model
Masoumeh Hezarkhani Shadi Shahverdiani Iman JokarThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of cash flow - cash in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 124 firms were selected as examples of companies. In this study the difference in cash flow sensitivity in firms with negativ MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of cash flow - cash in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 124 firms were selected as examples of companies. In this study the difference in cash flow sensitivity in firms with negative cash flow, relative to other firms, were also examined. The results showed that the sensitivity pattern of cash flow - cash in companies with negative cash flow, relative to other companies is different. Other results of the survey also indicate that the sensitivity of this issue cash flow - cash in companies with high financial constraints less than the firms with low financial constraints. The results showed that an external monitor can be sensitive to the value of the cash flow - cash is vital because research shows that firms with high external monitoring, the sensitivity of cash flows - cash Which is more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigation of Relationship between Corporate Governance and Cash Flow with Firms’ Investment Efficiency
Samaneh sadat Salavati Abdorreza AsadiInvestment in different activities has been considered by the company as of ways corporate development and avoid recession. The aim of this study is investigate the relationship between free cash flow and corporate governance with their efficiency investments. Therefore MoreInvestment in different activities has been considered by the company as of ways corporate development and avoid recession. The aim of this study is investigate the relationship between free cash flow and corporate governance with their efficiency investments. Therefore, free cash flow and corporate governance are known as the independent variable that mean of corporate governance is required of members, ownership concentration and the proportion of institutional ownership. The data of 131 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2010-2014 analysis by using panel data and regression multivariate was in Eviews software. A model was developed in order to test the hypothesis, according to the hypotheses. This model evaluated relationship between the excess cash and corporate governance by investment efficiency. The results of the test model showed that free cash flow did not effect on the investment efficiency but corporate governance has a significant impact on investment efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The effect of surplus free cash flow, corporate governance and firm size on earnings predictability
Fatemeh Ghorbani M. Hamed KhanmohammadiThe aim of this paper is investigates the impact of surplus free cash flow, corporate governance and firm size on earnings predictability firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Free cash flow surplus and earn as independent variables. Also corporate governance mechanisms ( MoreThe aim of this paper is investigates the impact of surplus free cash flow, corporate governance and firm size on earnings predictability firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Free cash flow surplus and earn as independent variables. Also corporate governance mechanisms (independent board of directors, independent chairman, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) and firm size as moderator variables. The final sample using of 100 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between2008 to 2014 research done. Linear regression analysis is used for testing the hypotheses. Free cash flow surplus and earn as independent variables. Also corporate governance mechanisms (independent board of directors, independent chairman, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) and firm size as moderator variables. Result of the test hypotheses indicates that the excess free cash flow and Earnings predictability have effect.and there is also corporate governance mechanisms (independent board of directors, independent chairman, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) on the relationship between excess free cash flow and Earnings predictability have no effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Optimizing technical indicator rules
Reza Tehrani Hamed FogharaeiIn finance field, two ways are the most important to analysis, fundamental and technical analysis. Different experience showed that, using one of them, independently, cannot bring in return more than they are used together. So, it seems are needed more researches in thi MoreIn finance field, two ways are the most important to analysis, fundamental and technical analysis. Different experience showed that, using one of them, independently, cannot bring in return more than they are used together. So, it seems are needed more researches in this section of finance field. In technical analysis by using information such as prices and traded volume, indicators are calculated and base on roles that introduce with them, decision are made. It probably the normal roles of indicators are not profitable more than before and are not able to bring extreme return to investors that use them. In stock market without enough efficiency, using technical analysis caused returns more than using fundamental analysis, independently. In this paper will tested to optimize indicators’ normal roles and is tried to produce efficient tools to bring return more. So that are used 50 companies that are much traded in years between 21 of march 2008 to 20 of march 2012 and optimizing are done first by using trying all of area and in second step by using enetic algorithm and finally compare to result from normal roles of indicators and buy and hold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - An investigation on the nonlinear effects of monetary policy in the framework of the two channels of net worth and cash flow of the firms (Applying the panel quantile method)
tanaz salahesh Alireza Kazerooni Hossien AsgharpurThe way monetary policy affects the real economic variables has been always important to the policy makers. In this regard many channels of monetary transmission mechanism have been introduced. The net worth and cash flow channels are the subsets of the balance-sheet ch MoreThe way monetary policy affects the real economic variables has been always important to the policy makers. In this regard many channels of monetary transmission mechanism have been introduced. The net worth and cash flow channels are the subsets of the balance-sheet channel and are newly introduced in the literature of the monetary transmission mechanism. Thus the importance of this research is the investigation of the role of the firms in the monetary transmission mechanism for the first time in Iran. Besides the aim of this article is to explore the indirect and nonlinear effects of the monetary policy through the net worth and the cash flow of the firms in the different quantiles of the received loans. The financial statements of fifty nonfinancial firms in Iran for the period of 2007-2014 and the panel quantile regression are considered. As a conclusion the results indicate that the effect of the monetary policy through the net worth is greater in the upper quantile of the loans. Also the effect of the monetary policy through the cash flow of the firms is stronger for the median quantiles of the loans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The Impact of Income Management on the Performance of Shares Valuation Models
Ali BaghaniChoosing a suitable method for stock assessment can be responsive to the needs of investors in determining the fair value of the stock. But the question is whether earnings management can affect performance evaluation models? In order to answer this question, In this s MoreChoosing a suitable method for stock assessment can be responsive to the needs of investors in determining the fair value of the stock. But the question is whether earnings management can affect performance evaluation models? In order to answer this question, In this study hypotheses regarding the impact of earnings management on the performance evaluation model based on Residual income and based on discounted cash flow in the two – year short term periods and seven –year long term periods were developed. This study, which was performed by the correlation analysis, by using regression analysis and Means Comparison test, tries to provide the possibility of the optimal model selection for investors. The population of this study is Companies listed on the Stock Exchange which has been active in the period of 1379-1390 years. The results indicate that in the short-term horizon, earnings management hasn't a significant effect on the predictive ability of the listed evaluation models. But in the long-term time horizon Income smoothing has a significant effect on the evaluation models’forecast error, and in the long-term timescales Residual income model has Lower prediction error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - A comprehensive review of inter-relationship among capital structure, free cash flow, diversification and firms’ performance (Tehran Stock Exchange)
MohammadAli Aghaei Sahar Sepasi Morteza KazempourThe present study is a comprehensive review of the relationship between capital structure, free cash flow, diversification and firms performance. A total of 107 companies who were listed on theTehran stock exchange from 2008 to 2013 were studied. Tobin’s Q was use MoreThe present study is a comprehensive review of the relationship between capital structure, free cash flow, diversification and firms performance. A total of 107 companies who were listed on theTehran stock exchange from 2008 to 2013 were studied. Tobin’s Q was used to measure firm performanc, Debt leverage was used to measure capital structure and diversification was used to measure entropy. The Lehn and Poulsen (1989) model was used to measure free cash flow.The results showed that free cash flow and debt leverage had positive and significant effects on performance and that diversification had a negative and significant effect. Debt leverage had a negative and significant effect on free cash flow and free cash flow and debt leverge had a positive and significant effect on diversification.Tobin's Q index showed a negative and significant effect for diversification. Diversification and Tobin's Q index showed positive and significant effects on debt leverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Comparing the Behavioral Model of Stock Images with Traditional Models in estimating Stock values of Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
Gholamreza Askarzadeh Maryam Khaliliaraghi Hashem Nikoomaram F. RahnamayeRoodposhtiInvestors' objective of investing in stocks is gaining profit and reasonable return .Using behavioral model of stock image and traditional models (free cash flow of equity, discounted dividends and residual income), this research tries to present a framework for estimat MoreInvestors' objective of investing in stocks is gaining profit and reasonable return .Using behavioral model of stock image and traditional models (free cash flow of equity, discounted dividends and residual income), this research tries to present a framework for estimating stock values of companies and assess the performance of each of them in stock valuation of companies. In this regard, 95 manufacturing and industrial companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected. The study period was from 2009 to 2013. The models performance was compared based on explanatory power and accuracy using panel data technique and prediction errors respectively. The results of research show that the behavioral model of stock image is higher explanatory power and accuracy compared to traditional models in estimating of stock values. The behavioral model can explain the role of behavioral factors in stock pricing and helpful for stockholders in the active portfolio management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between excess free cash flow and earnings forecast
Ebrahim AbbasiThe aim this paper is investigates the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between excess free cash flow and earnings predictability. Earnings forecasts using regression relationship between of one-year-ahead operating cash flow and curre MoreThe aim this paper is investigates the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between excess free cash flow and earnings predictability. Earnings forecasts using regression relationship between of one-year-ahead operating cash flow and current earningsachieved. Free cash flow surplus and corporate governance mechanisms (the ratio of independent directors, the Board of Directors, the duality of the role of the Director, the percentage of shares owned by institutional investors and management ownership of shares) as independent variables.Using a sample of 102 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between2010 to 2014 research done. To estimate the model, multiple linear regression model is used in the the cumulative data. The final result of the test hypotheses indicates that the excess free cash flow and Earnings forecasts and there is also corporate governance mechanisms (the ratio of independent directors, the Board of Directors, the duality of the role of Director, the percentage of shares owned by institutional investors and ownership of shares management) on the relationship between excess free cash flow and Earnings forecasts have no effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - یک مدل بازه ای در شبکه جریان تحریمشده
راضیه کشاورزی حسن صالحی فتح آبادییکی از موضوعات کلیدی در شبکه های جریان، تحریم آن­هاست. کشاورزی و صالحی این مساله را با در نظر گرفتن چند مبداء و چند مقصد برای شبکه و داشتن شرایط خاص برای جریان ارسالی از مبداء­ها به مقصدها بیان کردند. علاوه بر این مساله، در حالت چند تحریم کننده معرفی و یک Moreیکی از موضوعات کلیدی در شبکه های جریان، تحریم آن­هاست. کشاورزی و صالحی این مساله را با در نظر گرفتن چند مبداء و چند مقصد برای شبکه و داشتن شرایط خاص برای جریان ارسالی از مبداء­ها به مقصدها بیان کردند. علاوه بر این مساله، در حالت چند تحریم کننده معرفی و یک روش معادل برای حل مساله بیان شده است. در این مقاله جریان شبکه تحریم شده با چند مبداء و چند مقصد به گونه ای بیان شده است که داده های مساله غیر قطعی هستند (در یک بازه با ابتدا و انتهای مشخص قرار گرفته اند). در انتها یک فاصله بهینه برای جواب مساله ارائه شده است و به حل یک مثال عددی با استفاده از نرم افزار لینگو پرداخته شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - On The Fractional Minimal Cost Flow Problem of a Belief Degree Based Uncertain Network
S. Niroomand -
Open Access Article
134 - Computer extended series and HAM for the solution of non-linear Squeezing flow of Casson fluid between parallel plates
Vishwanath Awati Manjunath Jyoti -
Open Access Article
135 - MDH Flow Past a Vertical Rotating Plate with Chemical Reaction and Mass Diffusion in the Presence of Hall Current
Neetu Kanaujia‎ U S Rajput -
Open Access Article
136 - تاثیر سطح مقطع بر روی اختلاط سیالات در میکرومیکسرهای مارپیچ؛ روش عددی
توحید دهقانی رضا پیرخوش قیافه پریسا بالازاده فرهاد صادق مغانلومیکرومیکسرها بخش مهمی از سیستمهای میکروسیالات هستند. در کار حاضر، اختلاط در سه سطح مقطع بررسی شده است. در اثر تولید گردابه های دین، شاخص اختلاط ۹۹ درصد در طول کوتاهتری از میکرومیکسر ودر رینولدز ۱۰ بدست آمده است. همچنین در مقایسه با سطح مقطع های مثلثی و دایره ای س Moreمیکرومیکسرها بخش مهمی از سیستمهای میکروسیالات هستند. در کار حاضر، اختلاط در سه سطح مقطع بررسی شده است. در اثر تولید گردابه های دین، شاخص اختلاط ۹۹ درصد در طول کوتاهتری از میکرومیکسر ودر رینولدز ۱۰ بدست آمده است. همچنین در مقایسه با سطح مقطع های مثلثی و دایره ای سطح مقطع مستطیلی راندمان بهتری دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Electromagnetism-like algorithm for fuzzy flow shop batch processing machines scheduling to minimize total weighted earliness and tardiness
S. Molla-Alizadeh-‎Zavardehi‎ R. Tavakkoli-‎Moghaddam F. Hosseinzadeh ‎Lotfi‎ -
Open Access Article
138 - Stagnation-point flow of a viscous fluid towards a stretching surface with variable thickness and thermal radiation
B. C. Prasanna ‎Kumara ‎‎G. K‎. ‎ ‎Ramesh‎ A. J. Chamkha‎ B. J. ‎Gireesha‎‎ -
Open Access Article
139 - Numerical study of heat transfer in fluidized bed dryers by volume of fluid method
J. Khorshidi T. Zarei H. Davari -
Open Access Article
140 - Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations on free surface flows
A. Mahmoud ‎Aly‎‎ -
Open Access Article
141 - Entropy Generation In an Unsteady MHD Channel Flow With Navier Slip and Asymmetric Convective Cooling
S. Das R. N. Jana A. J. ‎Chamkha‎ -
Open Access Article
142 - A new network simplex algorithm to reduce consecutive degenerate pivots and prevent stalling
Z. ‎Aghababazadeh‎‎ M. ‎Rostamy-‎Malkhalifeh‎‎ -
Open Access Article
143 - Two-phase Boundary Layer Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer of a Dusty Liquid past a Stretching Sheet with Thermal Radiation
K. L. Krupa ‎Lakshmi‎ B. J. ‎Gireesha‎ Rama S R Gorla B. Mahanthesh‎ -
Open Access Article
144 - Dirichlet series and approximate analytical solutions of MHD flow over a linearly stretching sheet
Vishwanath B. ‎Awati‎ Mahesh Kumar ‎N‎ Krishna B. ‎Chavaraddi‎ -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of slip and variable thermal boundary conditions on hydromagnetic mixed convection flow and heat transfer from a non-linearly stretching surface
M. Abd El-Aziz -
Open Access Article
146 - Determination of MODFLOW model sensitivity toward distribution coefficient (Kd)
Mohammad Nickhah Monfared Mohammad Reza SabourOne of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for undergr MoreOne of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for underground water andcontaminant transformation modeling. MODFLOW is one of the appropriate models in undergroundwater and contaminant transformation modeling.It is very important to understand the sensitivity of this model towards Kd and the effects ofselected method in modeling given the necessity of this model to distribution Coefficient and itsability about calculation of Kd in 3 methods.This research has been performed for the soil of Rey zone with MTBE and all of the tests have beenperformed according to ASTM standards.Finally it is concluded that the sensitivity of MODFLOW toward value of Kd and itscalculation method is inconsiderable and the model is most appropriate when Kd is not known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Applying fundamental geostatistical approaches to determine potential zones of groundwater recharge of Tehran-Karaj Plain Aquifer
Behzad RayeganiGroundwater, especially in arid and semi-arid is one of the main sources of drinking water. Contrary to public perception in these areas the water quality is more important than quantify. Therefore, monitoring of water quality and identification of pollution sources is MoreGroundwater, especially in arid and semi-arid is one of the main sources of drinking water. Contrary to public perception in these areas the water quality is more important than quantify. Therefore, monitoring of water quality and identification of pollution sources is one of the main concerns of researchers in this area. In this study, in order to identify sources of groundwater contamination, areas are likely aquifer recharge sources of Tehran-Karaj plain detected. So, after extraction of groundwater level data different interpolation and geostatistics methods are used to create surface images. The Gstat software and Geostatistical Analyst were used for this study then performance and ability of each one to produce surface images are evaluated. According to the results, the Geostatistical Analyst software has better flexibility to do the special analysis. Based on the training and test data interpolation methods were very similar, but the surface images regarding groundwater direction flow and histogram look very different. According to the results, universal kriging showed better performance. Accordingly, surface images of different time created by an appropriate method to simulate groundwater flow direction and eventually areas were identified which are more likely ground water recharge source of Tehran-Karaj aquifer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Rebellion and Iconoclasm by Baudelaire and Youshij
Mah NazariNima as well as Baudelaire enlighted new color to contemporary poetry by their new look. His poems' structure owns unity. They get distance from romticism norms consciously and unwrap the evils by realistic, symbolic and surrealism images to show social and industrial h MoreNima as well as Baudelaire enlighted new color to contemporary poetry by their new look. His poems' structure owns unity. They get distance from romticism norms consciously and unwrap the evils by realistic, symbolic and surrealism images to show social and industrial human's suffers. The most pivotal characteristic of such poetry – which is based on norm – deviation – is ambiguity and iconoclasm and cloggy rules and traditions; because mechanism era and modern industry breaks all moral, natural, traditional and literal borders. Even the concept of love has been changed form modernism view point. This article – by descriptive – analytical method – intends to express Baudelaire and Nima Youshij's evolution in innovation and growth toward realism. Because no researches has been done to compare Baudelaire and Nima's works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - مطالعه اثربخشی برقراری جریان الکتریسیته در حذف آلودگی باکتریهای کلیفرمیک از آب رودخانه شهرچای ارومیه
aysan rezanezhad Zahra Gholamhoseini nima rostamiPurpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts MorePurpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts has made the process of using these methods a challenge. On the other hand, physical and chemical disinfectants are often limited due to their low efficiency, high price and production of toxic products. In the meantime, one of the methods that has been in the spotlight and developed a lot in recent years is the use of electricity to remove biological pollutants from water. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the method of establishing the current of electricity in removing the coliform bacteria population in the Shahrchai River of Urmia. Materials and methods: The present research, which is descriptive-cross-sectional, started in a period of six months from February 2018 and continued until July 2019. The water sampling process of Shahrchai River in Urmia was carried out from two stations at the entrance of the No. 1 treatment plant and at the entrance of the Golshahr treatment plant, and the samples were transferred to the laboratory within 2 to 4 hours, and the presence of coliform bacteria was studied and measured by the MPN method. Then, in order to perform the electrolysis test, an electrochemical reactor with a voltage of 220 volts consisting of two electrodes made of iron and aluminum was prepared and the electric current was established for 10, 20, 30 and 70 minutes. Next, the data results were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Findings: The results show that the efficiency of coliform bacteria population removal depends on the pollutant source, duration, current intensity and type of electrodes. According to the results, the slope of the curve of changes in the amount of microbial contamination of the samples that were subjected to a constant current of 220 volts for 20 minutes showed a significant decrease. So that the microbial load of most samples was reduced by 50%. Therefore, it can be said that the removal efficiency has a direct relationship with the increase in time, and with the increase in the duration of the electric current in the samples, the removal rate of coliform bacteria also increases significantly. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the use of the process of establishing the current of electricity is suggested as a suitable method with high efficiency and also compatible with the environment in water disinfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The Study of "Features of Lyrical Literature" and "Emotional Role of Language" in the Textual Context of Gol va Nowruz (Flowers and Noweuz) Collection by Khajavi Kermani
Gholam Hossain Khodayar Ahmad Hasani Ranjbar Ashraf Sheibani AqdamEach literary convention has some thematic as well as stylistic features that differentiates it from other conventions. Khajavi Kermani is one of the poet who pays particular attention to the epic as well as didactic aspects in his lyric poems. This descriptive-analytic MoreEach literary convention has some thematic as well as stylistic features that differentiates it from other conventions. Khajavi Kermani is one of the poet who pays particular attention to the epic as well as didactic aspects in his lyric poems. This descriptive-analytical study seeks to answer the question to what extent the narrative structure of Khaji Kermani's poem "Flowers and Nowruz" is compatible with the components of lyrical literature from the point of view of linguistic and literary approaches? Findings indicate that in the textual context of this system, the "poetic and literary function" of the text shows the dominance of the role of "emotional language" over its "referential" role. There are many factors that can be enumerated in this collection that have been proposed in order to strengthen the "lyrical element" of the text and have put its "narrative dimension" in the next place. Factors such as "lyrical compositions and interpretations", "soft and delicate descriptions", "sad and isolationist atmosphere", "loving and beloved action", "lack of complex extra-textual reference", "simple syntactic structure of sentences", and "fragment" The main expressions of the main character","multiple uses of expressive elements such as metaphor and simile","description of battle scenes and feasts" are the most important manifestations of the crystallization of this role in the poem" Flower and Nowruz". In addition to this type of processing of characters such as "hero", "villain", "helper", "princess", "benevolent and advisor" and the theme of the narrative such as "dreaming", "journey", "existence of obstacles" "In the path of carpentry", "conflict with the dragon, etc.", have also been used with the aim of strengthening the lyrical element of the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Rapid Separation Method of Ursolic Acid from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Flowers using Normal-Phase Flash Chromatography
Fatemeh Sharifiyan Seyed Abbas Mirjalili Mohammad Fazilati Saeed Habibollahi Elahe Poorazizi -
Open Access Article
152 - Removal of C.I. Acid red 1 (AR1) dye pollutant from contaminated waters by adsorption method using sunflower seed shells and pine cone as agro waste materials
Samira Alizadeh Kambiz Seyyedi -
Open Access Article
153 - Malvasylvestris Flower Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution
Razieh Salahandish Ali Ghaffarinejad Ali Moradpour -
Open Access Article
154 - Metallurgical Aspects of the Spinning Process in Metallic Liners
S. M. J Hoseini H Ghayour A. S Golazani M. K Asgarani I Ebrahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
155 - The Effect of Financial Constraint and Managerial Overconfidence on Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity
Ramtin Falahat Fatemeh Samadi Mostafa Hashemi TilehnoueiPurpose: Access to cash flow is primarily important for the substantiation of corporation investment plans but in various situations, the effect of cash flow on investment may change. Accordingly, the present study has dealt with the impact of financial constraints and MorePurpose: Access to cash flow is primarily important for the substantiation of corporation investment plans but in various situations, the effect of cash flow on investment may change. Accordingly, the present study has dealt with the impact of financial constraints and managerial overconfidence on investment-cash flow sensitivity. Method: The statistical sample consisted of 153 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2021. The required data were collected from audited financial statements in Coda website. 8 hypotheses were proposed in this study and then tested using regression econometrics with fixed effects and Probit regression in EViews.Results: Cash flow has a significantly positive effect on investment and overinvestment. Moreover, financial constraint increases positive investment and overinvestment-cash flow sensitivity although managerial overconfidence has no significant impact on investment and overinvestment sensitivity to cash flow. Yet, when the correlation between financial constraint and managerial overconfidence is considered, positive investment and overinvestment-cash flow sensitivity is reinforced which indicates the important role of financial constraint on adopting investment decisions.Conclusion: By supporting the theory of investment-cash flow sensitivity, findings of the study show that financial constraint, managerial overconfidence, and cash flow all have a vital effect on corporation investment decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in host plant (Cucumis sativa L.) in greenhouse condition
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan Masoud Eskandari TorbaghanIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on Broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), an experiment with two factors, nitrogen (urea in three levels 100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and irrigation interval (with thr MoreIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on Broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), an experiment with two factors, nitrogen (urea in three levels 100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and irrigation interval (with three levels 3,6 and 9 day) in three replications was performed in the greenhouse of Northern Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The results showed that the growing velocity was maximum in the treatment of 200 Kg N/ha. However, height and the number of cucumbers were lower. The effect of irrigation interval on the number of flowering days was significant, whereas nitrogen fertilizer did not have a significant influence on this parameter. Hence, irrigation level rising caused reduction in the number of flowering days. Maximum length and diameter of cucumber was observed in the treatment of highest nitrogen level and minimum irrigation interval or the treatment of lowest nitrogen level and medium irrigation interval. The maximum number of cucumbers and weight was obtained in maximum nitrogen and irrigation interval. In addition, rising irrigation interval caused the number of cucumber increase and decrease in cucumber weight. The maximum wet weight of shoot and root was observed in the highest nitrogen treatment. On the other hand, the maximum wet weight of shoot and root was derived from the highest nitrogen and medium irrigation treatment and the highest nitrogen and minimum irrigation interval treatment, respectively. The comparison of water percent in wet and dry weight of shoot showed that the highest value was observed in 300 and 100 Kg N/ha treatments respectively. Maximum shoot/root ratio was observed in the treatment of 100 Kg N/ha and a six-day irrigation interval. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Application and objectives of body language in the love poems of Badr Shākir al-Siyāb
Abdolahad Gheibi Mahin Hajizadeh Shahla HeidariHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of th MoreHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of this poet through descriptive-analytic approach. The poetic examples are selected from Aẓhār va asāṭīr (Flowers and myths) collection, the majority of its poems are love poems of this Iraqi poet. Since the body language has several subdivisions, the researchers have taken six subdivisions: the language of eyes, the language of hands, the language of face, the language of lips, the language of perfume and hairs. The results of the study show that the language of the poet in these poems is a translation of body languages. The language of the eyes is like charm and beauty; the language of the hands, the most frequent one in the collection, used to convey emotions and completes its expressions by their movements; the language of the lips is mixed with blameful expressions, whereas the language of face is scandalous, because of revealing abundant compact faces in the image of the poet. There is a coherent and close relation between the languages of perfume and hair, so, each one is incomplete if considered separated from the other: the language of perfume reveals hidden madness in strings of hairs, such as the perfumed hairs hanging from the poet's odes height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The Impact of the West on the Contemporary Arab Literary Criticism
Hassan Majidi Mohammad AhmadniaTranslation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West. & MoreTranslation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West. Contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools Divan Court are external factors affecting research. But the important point is that despite all these effects a society is required that is dynamic culture. Americas since time is not on the cash flows, Arab heritage did not forget the new methods of cash from their roots and the old nobility was not isolated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Analysis and study of four-quadratic analog current mode multipliers in terms of linearity and overall harmonic distortion
Hamid Bashi Seyed Ali Hosseini Abolfazl Amiri Analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important applications in signal processing. The main motivation for choosing an analog current multiplier is its importance in the function of nonlinear analog signal processing. The multiplier is used as a More Analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important applications in signal processing. The main motivation for choosing an analog current multiplier is its importance in the function of nonlinear analog signal processing. The multiplier is used as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a telecommunications system. And are widely used in end-of-life frequency modulation conversion control filters for fuzzy integrated systems and so on. Quadruple multiplication has a non-linear function in signal processing that is very useful for communication equipment and control systems, and CMOS technology is widely recognized as the most desirable technology for implementing integrated circuits. Therefore, comparison and evaluation of current quadruple multipliers in terms of power consumption, total THD harmonic distortion, frequency response, linearity, speed, input voltage range, input current range, noise, power supply, and other parameters affecting quadruple current multiplier circuits are necessary to achieve a multiplier with proper performance and use in specific applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The Representation of Parables and Symbols in flowers and plantes, as Depicted in Saeb Tabrizis Poems
M. Alimi S. A. H. KazerouniThis chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a he MoreThis chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a hemistich should be reasonable; other important elements found in Saeb Tabrizi’s poem is, paradox, opacity, parables, and metonym. Ultimately, an attempt is made in this article to show that Saeb in his sonnets has been innovative in expression. He has createed beautiful and new themes establishing relationship between man and nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Persian Poetry and the Reflection of Social Conditions Based on Flowers’ Allegorical Conversations
Homeira Zomorrodi Vali Ramazani,By thematic studying of poet's work, we realize that these are representative of real world which illustrate all aspect of writer's society. Poets, use different way to show their social milieu. One of this ways is use of allegory in flower's language, which cause impr MoreBy thematic studying of poet's work, we realize that these are representative of real world which illustrate all aspect of writer's society. Poets, use different way to show their social milieu. One of this ways is use of allegory in flower's language, which cause improving value of poem's meaning. These flowers that are substitution of human send their message in symbolic narrative. Although this interaction between flowers make reader happy, it's milieu goal is expressing and emphasis on social thought. This essay survey two allegorical conversation of flower's language in expressive-analytical way; by comparing these conversation we have new readability of these kinds of poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Geometrical Effects of Duct on the Entropy Generation in the Laminar Forced Convection Separated Flow
Nasrin Aminzadeh Shima Sotoodehnia Meysam Atashafrooz -
Open Access Article
163 - Experimental study of the characteristics of the wake and drag coefficient changes of a car model in unsteady flow
V. Barzanooni A.B. Khoshnevis -
Open Access Article
164 - Effects of Slip Boundaries on Mixed Convection of Al2O3-water Nanofluid in Microcavity
A. R. Rahmati T. Azizi S. H. Mousavi A. Zarareh -
Open Access Article
165 - Effect of Non-Newtonian Models on Blood Flow in Artery with Different Consecutive Stenosis
Mehdi Jahangiri Ahmad Haghani Reza Ghaderi Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Harat -
Open Access Article
166 - Irreversibility Analysis and Numerical Simulation in a Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger Equipped with Block Shape Vortex Generator
M. Ghazikhani E. Noorifar A. Mohammadian -
Open Access Article
167 - Flow Study of Wood Plastic Composite Through a Circular Die in an Extrusion Process
N. Jafarian Jam E. Soury -
Open Access Article
168 - Development of Boundary Layer of Highly Elastic Flow of the Upper Convected Maxwell Fluid over a Stretching Sheet
Meysam Mohamadali Nariman Ashrafi -
Open Access Article
169 - Studying the Shear and Discharge Rate of Proteins in Microfluidic Junctions, Under Electrokinetic EffectsStudying the Shear and Discharge Rate of Proteins in Microfluidic Junctions, Under Electrokinetic Effects
Babak kamali Doust Azad Sasan Asiaei Borhan Beigzadeh -
Open Access Article
170 - Numerical Study of Coupled Non-Gray Radiation and Separation Convection Flow in a Duct using FSK Method
Meysam Atashafrooz Seyyed Abdolreza Gandjalikhan Nassab Khosro Lari -
Open Access Article
171 - The Aerodynamic Effects of the Blade Lean on a High-Aspect-Ratio Transonic Axial Flow Rotor
Mansour Asghari Mohsen Agha Seyed Mirzabozorg Mahmood Adami -
Open Access Article
172 - Studying the Behavior of a Variable Pitch “Hydro Screw” Micro Hydro Turbine, Numerical Analysis and Experimental Investigation
ali hosseini moghdam omami yousef yassi ahmad Nourbakhsh -
Open Access Article
173 - Analysis of Material Flow and Phase Transformation in Friction Hydro-Pillar Processing of 1045 Steel
Moosa Sajed S. M. Hossein Seyedkashi -
Open Access Article
174 - Development of A New Correlation for Estimating Pressure Gradient of Oil- Water Two Phase Flow in A Horizontal Pipe
yasha hasanzade seyed ali AlaviFazel zoha azizi seyed mohsen peyghambarzadeh alireza azimi -
Open Access Article
175 - Numerical Study on Forced Convection of Slip Flow in A Microchannel with Smooth and Sinusoidal Walls
Afshin Ahmadi Nadooshan DAriush Bahrami Akram Jahanbakhshi -
Open Access Article
176 - Application of Improved Blocked-Off Method to Simulate the Interacting Influences of Obstacle Shape and Wall Velocity on the Turbulent Mixed Convection Flow in a Trapezoidal Cavity
Meysam Atashafrooz -
Open Access Article
177 - Modeling of Turbulent Flow Around a Square Obstacle using a Generated Mesh by Image Processing Method
Bahador Abolpour Rahim Shamsoddini -
Open Access Article
178 - Health attributes of ten Mediterranean edible flowers: anti-proliferative and enzyme-inhibitory properties
Maria Neve Ombra Antonio d’Acierno Filomena Nazzaro Florinda Fratianni -
Open Access Article
179 - Improvement of Software-Defined Network Performance Using Queueing Theory: A Survey
Ava Tahmasebi Ahmad Salahi Mohammad Ali Pourmina -
Open Access Article
180 - QoS Management Solution in Software Defined Networking using Ryu Controller
Shiva Karimi Amir Joz AshooriIntroduction: Enterprise networks are increasingly becoming larger and more dynamic due to vast deployments of virtualization technologies. Consequently, the explosion of new network applications and services has strained the capabilities of traditional networking archi MoreIntroduction: Enterprise networks are increasingly becoming larger and more dynamic due to vast deployments of virtualization technologies. Consequently, the explosion of new network applications and services has strained the capabilities of traditional networking architecture in terms of scalability, agility, and efficient traffic management. SDN (Software Defined Networking) is a novel approach to build networks in which control logic is decoupled from data forwarding in order to enable programmability and ease of configuration across the entire network. The centralized control in SDN provides a global view of the entire network resources and their performance which enables the innovation of new service models. This paper demonstrates the implementation of SDN in a sample data center network topology using Mininet and the RYU controller, followed by employing policy-based network management and a differentiated service mechanism for guaranteeing the QoS for different classes of traffic. The proposed framework is a foundation to develop an enterprise-level network control and management product. Method: The approach of this paper is an implementation of a software-based architecture in the topology of a data center. It manages and guarantees the quality of service, using network policy-oriented management and service quality methods. The presented framework is an expandable infrastructure to solve the challenge of dynamic and agile management in the network of data centers and virtualization and cloud processing service providers.Findings : With the implementation done, h1r1 server node listens on ports 5001, 5002, 5003 with UDP protocol. The h1r4 client node sends 1Mbps UDP traffic to port 5001, 300Kbps UDP traffic to port 5002, and 600Kbps UDP traffic to port 5003 of the h1r1 server. The results obtained using the IPerf3/JPerf tool show that for traffic marked with AF41 code sent to port 5003, minimum bandwidth of 500Kbps and for traffic marked with AF31 code sent to port 5002, minimum bandwidth of 200Kbps is guaranteed. Is. When sending traffic of AF classes, the bandwidth of the best-effort traffic sent to port 5001 is limited.Conclusion: Guaranteeing full quality of service for all types of applications is not possible with the current network architecture based on the best-effort model. Different applications have different service needs that require dynamic management of network resources. In this article, a solution based on SDN architecture was presented for service quality management, which uses a differentiated service model. Differentiated service mechanism allocates resources based on different traffic classes. In this method, all streams belonging to a class are routed equally. The results obtained from the simulations show the optimal performance of the introduced framework in meeting the needs of traffic flows and optimal and maximum use of network resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Definition of Bus Priority Vector to Solve Distribution Load Flow for Radial Networks using MATLAB
Peyman NazarianIntroduction: Load distribution analysis is a fundamental and basic study for all power networks, including distribution networks, which are used in steady-state conditions. Power system planning and operation, power network reorganization, and many optimization s MoreIntroduction: Load distribution analysis is a fundamental and basic study for all power networks, including distribution networks, which are used in steady-state conditions. Power system planning and operation, power network reorganization, and many optimization studies require a large number of load distribution calculations in normal and emergency situations. Due to the nonlinearity of the system of load distribution equations, it is necessary to use iterative solution methods to solve it. In addition, due to a large number of power grid buses, matrix algebra is used. Some of these applications require fast iterative solutions of load distribution and therefore it is very important that load distribution analysis is performed efficiently. A number of load distribution algorithms are specifically designed for distribution systems. One of these methods considers bus voltages as state variables and works based on an iterative algorithm and uses special methods to increase convergence.Method: The proposed algorithm of this paper called SDLF in this article does not need special matrices and complex programming. In this method, load distribution can be achieved easily with only a simple vector that shows the priority of buses, which we call BPV, and by using the forward-backward sweeper algorithm. It is worth mentioning that the BPV vector itself is extracted from the network topology. This work can be done both visually from the electrical diagram of the network and from the data matrix of network D by MATLAB software. Finding: In terms of the convergence of the solution, increasing the repetition has led to an increase in accuracy, and as a result, the 10th repetition has been chosen as a relatively accurate result to confirm the validity of the method, considering the required engineering precision. The obtained results show that even in the first iteration, an acceptable accuracy for the voltage range has been obtained. In steady state analysis of power networks, the voltage amplitude is more important than the voltage phase. The noteworthy point is that in calculating the voltage phase, it is not necessary to update its value in each step, and it is enough to calculate the voltage phase after obtaining the voltage ranges. Conclusion: In this article, a new method called SDLF is introduced to study the load distribution of distribution networks. The results of the implementation of the proposed method, with an acceptable engineering error, can be used in the common applications of power networks in the first iteration, and based on this, it can be used as an online load distribution in SCADA systems. The effectiveness of the method was checked on the test network of 33 IEEE buses in the text of the article and its validity was confirmed. The introduction of the BPV bus priority vector made it possible to avoid using complex matrices and additional calculations and to reduce the time of load distribution calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Study of the effect of safflower(carthamus tinctorius) hydroalcoholic extract on renal function in male Wistar rats
Ameneh Khoshvaghti Mohammad BizavalBackground & Aims: Safflower as a chromogen plant can be used in food industry instead of synthetic colorful compound and saffron as well. This plant has some useful properties such as anti-inflammation. But there are no published researches about useful and harmful MoreBackground & Aims: Safflower as a chromogen plant can be used in food industry instead of synthetic colorful compound and saffron as well. This plant has some useful properties such as anti-inflammation. But there are no published researches about useful and harmful effects of this plant on renal function. Therefore this study was done to determine this point. Materials & Methods: 40 wistar male rats were selected and divided into 4 groups (control and 3 experimental groups). The experimental groups 1,2 and 3 received 100, 200 and 300mg/kg/B.W of the extract respectively as subcutaneously for 28days . Blood sample was obtained at days 14 and 28 .After separating serum uric acid, creatinine and BUN were measured by colorimetrically methods. Potassium and sodium were assayed by photometrically methods. Results: There were no significant statistical differences between the mean concentration of creatinine and uric acid in experimental groups and control group in two terms of study. But there were significant statistically differences between the mean concentration of urea nitrogen of some experimental groups in comparison to control group and also between the mean levels of sodium and potassium in all three experimental groups in comparison to control group in days 14 and 28. Conclusion: Due to the serum creatinine and uric acid concentration don’t changes statistically we can resulted the different doses of Safflower hydroalcoholic extract have no effect on renal function in short, or long term, so can be used this plant, without any concern with it's renal complications in long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Comparison of Fracture Strength in Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Bulk fill, Bulk Fill Flowable and Conventional Composite with or without Using Ribbon Fibers
Amin Seidy Parvin Mirzakouchaki Leila Pishevar -
Open Access Article
184 - The Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Dynamic Behavior of Aorta Artery with Atherosclerosis Under the Action of Pulsating Blood Velocity
M.R Motaghedifar A Fakhar H Tabatabaei M Mazochi -
Open Access Article
185 - Electro-Thermo-Dynamic Buckling of Embedded DWBNNT Conveying Viscous Fluid
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Hashemian -
Open Access Article
186 - Nonlinear Nonlocal Vibration of an Embedded Viscoelastic Y-SWCNT Conveying Viscous Fluid Under Magnetic Field Using Homotopy Analysis Method
A Ghorbanpour Arani M.Sh Zarei -
Open Access Article
187 - Seasonal population fluctuations of the cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapaein cauliflower fields of the South of Tehran
Gholamhosein Hasanshahi Zahra Dousti Fatemeh Jahan Alireza Askarianzadeh Jaber Karimi Habib AbbasipurThe cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Pieridae) is one of the most important pests of Cruciferous or Brassicaceaefamily plants in regions of Shahriar, Kahrizak and Sahr’e Ray and every year its damage can be seen on the leaves of these p MoreThe cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Pieridae) is one of the most important pests of Cruciferous or Brassicaceaefamily plants in regions of Shahriar, Kahrizak and Sahr’e Ray and every year its damage can be seen on the leaves of these plants. In order to study the seasonal population fluctuation of P. rapae, One hectare cauliflower field in the middle of a large field was randomly selected in five regions of cauliflower fields in southof Tehran were chosen and sampled every 10 days. Each plant was presumed as a sampling unit and sample size was determined as 20 host plants and all eggs, larvae and pupa on the host plant were recorded. Results of this study showed that Jahanabad and Shahed fields had the highest egg density (18.91±5.60) and the lowest egg density (16.53±4.04) was seen in the Playin field during season. In the Shahed field, highest egg density occurred in June 19 and the lowest egg density was seen on October 25. In the Playin field, the highest and lowest egg density was seen on September 29 and June 19, respectively. In the Jahanabad field the highest (2.99±0.66) and lowest (0.41±0.10) larval density was occurred during the season among different regions. Highest density was observed in the Jahanabad field during the harvest time on October 25 and the lowest larval density was seen on June 19. The highest and lowest larval density was seen in the field of Playin on 25rd October and 19th June, respectively. Kahrizak (0.87±0.16) and Playin (0.19±0.05) fields had the highest and lowest pupal density in different regions during the season. In the field of Kahrizak, highest pupal density was occurred on 25rd October and in the playin field, the lowest pupal density was seen on 19th June. In the Playin field, highest density of pupae was occurred on 14th October and 25rd October and the lowest density of pupae was observed on 19th June and 2th July, respectively. The results showed that number of larval and pupal stages based on units density, between all experimental regions and Shahed university station had not significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiluyeh Safflower farms
Karim SAEIDISafflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and MoreSafflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and consequently human health. Since a first step in setting up an IPM program is to assess the biological control agents within the ecosystem, so in this research work the pupal parasitoid complex of Safflower Capsule Fly (SCF) on safflower was identified, and its natural potential in controlling the pest compared for different generations and in different locations in Kohgiloyeh during 2010-2011. Adults of the pupal parasitoids of SCF were recorded from laboratory-reared pupae, which had been collected on damaged small flower heads of the first generation and large flower heads of the second and the third generations. Rate (%) of parasitism on A. helianthi pupae was estimated as the number of parasitoids over the total count of parasitoids and flies. Ten pupal parasitoids of the host were found: Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, (Braconidae); Isocolus tinctorious (Cynipidae); Pronotalia carlinarum (Eulophidae); Eurytoma acroptilae (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae); Colotrechnus viridis, Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) and Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomenus annulatus (Torymidae). Total parasitism varied from 1 to 16.8%, with an average of 7.7% as revealed through the present study. A comparison of the means of the pupal parasitism rate showed a significant difference at 5% level between different generations and localities. The highest rate of parasitism occurred in the first generation in all localities, as well as in years. Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and consequently human health. Since a first step in setting up an IPM program is to assess the biological control agents within the ecosystem, so in this research work the pupal parasitoid complex of Safflower Capsule Fly (SCF) on safflower was identified, and its natural potential in controlling the pest compared for different generations and in different locations in Kohgiloyeh during 2010-2011. Adults of the pupal parasitoids of SCF were recorded from laboratory-reared pupae, which had been collected on damaged small flower heads of the first generation and large flower heads of the second and the third generations. Rate (%) of parasitism on A. helianthi pupae was estimated as the number of parasitoids over the total count of parasitoids and flies. Ten pupal parasitoids of the host were found: Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, (Braconidae); Isocolus tinctorious (Cynipidae); Pronotalia carlinarum (Eulophidae); Eurytoma acroptilae (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae); Colotrechnus viridis, Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) and Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomenus annulatus (Torymidae). Total parasitism varied from 1 to 16.8%, with an average of 7.7% as revealed through the present study. A comparison of the means of the pupal parasitism rate showed a significant difference at 5% level between different generations and localities. The highest rate of parasitism occurred in the first generation in all localities, as well as in years. Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and consequently human health. Since a first step in setting up an IPM program is to assess the biological control agents within the ecosystem, so in this research work the pupal parasitoid complex of Safflower Capsule Fly (SCF) on safflower was identified, and its natural potential in controlling the pest compared for different generations and in different locations in Kohgiloyeh during 2010-2011. Adults of the pupal parasitoids of SCF were recorded from laboratory-reared pupae, which had been collected on damaged small flower heads of the first generation and large flower heads of the second and the third generations. Rate (%) of parasitism on A. helianthi pupae was estimated as the number of parasitoids over the total count of parasitoids and flies. Ten pupal parasitoids of the host were found: Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, (Braconidae); Isocolus tinctorious (Cynipidae); Pronotalia carlinarum (Eulophidae); Eurytoma acroptilae (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae); Colotrechnus viridis, Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) and Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomenus annulatus (Torymidae). Total parasitism varied from 1 to 16.8%, with an average of 7.7% as revealed through the present study. A comparison of the means of the pupal parasitism rate showed a significant difference at 5% level between different generations and localities. The highest rate of parasitism occurred in the first generation in all localities, as well as in years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Provide Efficient and Speed Method for Detecting Overflow in Module Set {2^n-1 ,2^n,2^n+1}
Marzieh Sadat Amir shakermi Mehdi Hossein zadeh ALI Astaneh AslNowadays, due to advances in technology and information technology fast processing of data is a growing need. Residue Number System is an unconventional and non-Weighted System that parallel computing on remainders of dividing number on several modules is performed. The MoreNowadays, due to advances in technology and information technology fast processing of data is a growing need. Residue Number System is an unconventional and non-Weighted System that parallel computing on remainders of dividing number on several modules is performed. The computations are performed cause to increase the speed of computing and reduce the power consumption. One of the problems in this system is published overflow that due to the modular operations and nature of non-weighting numbers. In order to solve this problem in many cases using to binary number system converter and convert the number to the weighted numbers to comparison and overflow detection is necessary. In this article, the novel methods to improve the detection of overflow in moduli set {2n-1, 2n, 2n+1} without doing a full comparison and need the reverse convert process. Also The proposed method is compared with previous approaches, in addition to fewer hardware components, the delay is very low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Evaluating the effect of low-intensity eccentric resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on the systematic and genetic indices affecting the activation and proliferation of satellite cells in young non-athlete men
Azam Mousavian Abbas Ali Gaeni Reza Nuri Mohammad Reza Kordi -
Open Access Article
191 - Blood flow restricted resistance exercise induced thigh muscle cross-sectional area rather than traditional resistance exercise
Javad Mokaram Bakhtajerdi Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh mahani -
Open Access Article
192 - Surplus Free Cash Flow and Earnings Management: The Moderating Role of Auditor Size
Ahmad Abdollahi Yasser Rezaei Pitenoei -
Open Access Article
193 - The investigation of the affectivity of various types of cash flows in a diversified capital structure based on the type of strategy
Mehrdad Ghanbari Mahsa Moradi -
Open Access Article
194 - Free Cash Flow, Institutional Ownership and Long-Term Performance
Yasser Rezaei Pitenoei Mohammad Gholamrezapoor -
Open Access Article
195 - The Evaluation of the Capability of the Regression & Neural Network Models in Predicting Future Cash Flows
Bahman Talebi Rasol Abdi Zohreh Hajiha Nader Rezaei -
Open Access Article
196 - Modelling Optimal Predicting Future Cash Flows Using New Data Mining Methods (A Combination of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms)
Bahman Talebi Rasoul Abdi Zohreh Hajiha Nader Rezaei -
Open Access Article
197 - Daily net cash flow analysis and forecasting : Transition from Microscopic to Macroscopic Stochastic Equations
Elham Danesh Ali Saeedi Ehsan Rahmaninia Amir Gholami -
Open Access Article
198 - Comparing Relative and Additive Contents of Return with Cash Recovery Rate
Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour Mehri Davoudabadi -
Open Access Article
199 - Investigating the Effect of Profitability and Operating Cash Flow on Trademarks Value
Allah karam Salehi Fazel Tamoradi -
Open Access Article
200 - Impact of Institutional Ownership and Board Independence on the Relationship Between Excess Free Cash Flow and Earnings Management
Allahkaram Salehi Sajjad Mohammadi Marzieh Afshari -
Open Access Article
201 - The effect of drought stress on the damage of safflower fly, Acanthophilus helianthi Rossi (Dip., Tephritidae) on three cultivars of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. in Tehran region
G. H. Hasanshahi A. AskarianzadehThe effect of drought stress on damage of safflower fly, Acanthophilus helianthi Rossi (Dip., Tephritidae) was compared on three cultivars of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. by an experiment in split plot arrangement in completely randomized design in 2011. Where lev MoreThe effect of drought stress on damage of safflower fly, Acanthophilus helianthi Rossi (Dip., Tephritidae) was compared on three cultivars of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. by an experiment in split plot arrangement in completely randomized design in 2011. Where levels of irrigation including complete irrigation during whole growing season (S1), cutting irrigation at flowering stage (S2) and cease irrigation at heading stage (S3) as main plot, and safflower cultivars including Goldasht, Padideh and C44 as sub-plot. Percentage of infested boll and seed weight were sampled in the experimental plots. Results indicated a significant difference at 1% level in percentage of infested bolls among drought stresses. Also, percentage of infested boll and 1000-seed weight in healthy boll had significant difference among cultivars. The highest and lowest percentage of infested boll belonged to S3 (69.44%) and S2 (65.94), respectively. The highest and lowest percentage of infested boll belonged to Padideh cultivar (68.05%) and Goldasht cultivar (50.09%). Results showed that in non-stress conditions, Goldasht has the best growth and resistance to safflower fly, while in drought stress conditions, Padideh is the best alternative but overall Goldasht was cultivar recognized as the most resistant in among of three cultivars. In this cultivar, damage of some seeds in a boll increased 1000-seed weight in healthy seed of the boll because 1000-seed weight in infested boll is more than healthy 1000-seed weight in infested boll. It is probable that compensation phenomenon in Goldasht cultivar appears against safflower fly damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Species specificity and sex preference to Biolure® attractant for three species of safflower flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
K. Saeidi H. PezhmanThe safflower flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious) in Iran. Larval feeding disrupts plant growth resulting reduction in flower buds. Infestation of bolls began 15 days after the formation of flower heads. In the laborator MoreThe safflower flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious) in Iran. Larval feeding disrupts plant growth resulting reduction in flower buds. Infestation of bolls began 15 days after the formation of flower heads. In the laboratory study there was no statistical difference in attraction to Biolure® amang the females of Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi and Chaetrollia carthami. In contrast, Trellia luteolla females were significantly less attracted to the lure. Females of A. helianthi with more than 15 days old were attracted to the Biolure®. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Potential impact of drought on Mikkes River flow (Morocco)
Kaltoum Belhassan Ashok Vaseashta Mohammed Abdelbaset Hessane Hafizullah Rasouli Mohammed KA Kaabar Emad Kamil Hussein Muhammad Adnan -
Open Access Article
204 - Relationship between River Flow, Rainfall and Groundwater pumpage in Mikkes Basin (Morocco)
K. BelhassanThis paper investigates the relationship between river flow, rainfall and groundwater pumpage in the Mikkes stream during the period 1968-2009. The Mikkes basin is located in the north center of Morocco and consists of three different zones that represent diversified ge MoreThis paper investigates the relationship between river flow, rainfall and groundwater pumpage in the Mikkes stream during the period 1968-2009. The Mikkes basin is located in the north center of Morocco and consists of three different zones that represent diversified geologies. This basin includes a phreatic and confined aquifer in Saïs basin and a shallow aquifer in the Tabular Middle Atlas. Analysis of monthly medium flows between 1968 and 2009 shows an approximate oceanic system which is characterized by two hydrological seasons. First a period of high waters in winters which is conditioned by the pluviometric contributions and the second is a low water period in summer which is conditioned by evapotranspiration. The mode of this River can be called a pluvio- evaporal type. The high deficit of the Mikkes stream (between 1968-1979 and 1980-2009) is about 76% and could be the combined effect of drought and groundwater pumpage. Water table variations could be conditioned by climatic changes and regional geology. Actually, the annual water table variations show a drop in ground water levels, which is due to the combined effect of reduction in precipitation that has reduced the natural recharge of groundwater, and the increase in pumping which is increasing year by year for more than 80 years in this region. In addition, free-water tables are much more susceptible to pumpage when compared to the confined aquifer. Thus, the water table and piezometric heads of the Mikkes basin do not demonstrate a uniform sensitivity to the drought. High rainfall between 1995 and 1997 had affected the groundwater levels of Mikkes with an increase in piezometric level. The monthly piezometric variations of free-water table are characterized by a seasonal operation: groundwater recharge and discharge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Hydro-Geological Context of Mikkes Springs and Different Variations of their Flows (Morocco)
K. BelhassanThe Mikkes basin is located at the north center of Morocco. It comprises three different zones which represent diversified geologies which shelter a phreatic and confined aquifer in the Sais basin and a shallow aquifer in the Tabular Middle Atlas. The springs in the Sai MoreThe Mikkes basin is located at the north center of Morocco. It comprises three different zones which represent diversified geologies which shelter a phreatic and confined aquifer in the Sais basin and a shallow aquifer in the Tabular Middle Atlas. The springs in the Sais phreatic aquifer have suffered a maximum depletion. The springs with a deep or mixed origin are known as low flow variation springs. Actually, the variations of the fall of spring’s flows could be linked to a different hydro-geological context of these springs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Drought Stress on Yield and Yield Components and Percentage of Oil Seed Sunflower
Mohsen Rezaei Mohammad Nabi Ilkaee Abdol Majid Mahdavi Damghani Saeed Souphizadeh Fayaz AghayariMany studies have been conducted on the effects of drought stress in the country and other parts of the world on oil sunflower and have been published as authoritative articles. Conclusions from a series of studies conducted using meta-analytic science help us to identi MoreMany studies have been conducted on the effects of drought stress in the country and other parts of the world on oil sunflower and have been published as authoritative articles. Conclusions from a series of studies conducted using meta-analytic science help us to identify the trend of the effects of factors affecting the quantity and quality of sunflower production. This research is separated from various agricultural studies published in prestigious Iranian and foreign scientific journals and articles that were judged to be used in meta-analysis and then coded from among 62 articles; A total of 28 articles were analyzed in the meta-analysis process. The stresses applied in the studied articles were measured in three categories of normal irrigation (control) - moderate Stress - severe Stress based on the percentage of reduction of traits. Then the measured traits, which included 1000-seed weight, number of seeds according to seed oil percentage, to grain yield, were extracted from the articles. The results of drought stress meta-regression revealed that only the height trait had a considerable effect in severe drought stress; however, in the regression analysis, it was discovered that as linear stress increased, some investigated features declined, while trait Seed oil increased. With rising drought stress, this pattern remained practically consistent. The effect size of moderate and severe grain yield was insignificant compared to the control, among the results, the maximum effect size was 15 related to grain yield (-3/77), study on seed number (-3/31), study on 1000-seed weight (-0/68) and study on oil content (-0/6), drought stress according to priority, first on grain yield, number of seeds. Overall, the findings revealed that severe drought stress could significantly impact seed output and other features Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Influence of Sulfur Fertilizers and Nano-potassium Foliar Application on Morphologic، Agronomic Characters and Quality of Seed Safflower
Omid Moradi Babak PasariApplication of nutrients needed for the growth and development of plants through the use of biological and Nano-fertilizers, while increasing yield, prevents the effects of excessive use of chemical fertilizers on the environment. This experiment was carried out as spli MoreApplication of nutrients needed for the growth and development of plants through the use of biological and Nano-fertilizers, while increasing yield, prevents the effects of excessive use of chemical fertilizers on the environment. This experiment was carried out as split plots in randomized complete blocks design in three replications during the cropping year 2020-2021 in Khamesan village of Kamyaran located in Sanandaj. In this experiment, the effect of four levels' application of sulfur fertilizers including control, granular sulfur fertilizer, thiobacillus bio fertilizer, granular sulfur fertilizer + thiobacillus in main plots and the three amount of foliar application of Nano-potassium fertilizer, 0, 5 and 10 kg/ha in the sub-factor were compared on morphological, seed yield and quality characters. The results showed that there were significant differences in the number of secondary stems at 5% and number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, oil and protein yield at 1% under the influence of sulfur fertilizers. The maximum grain yields, oil and protein yield was achieved in the treatment of granular sulfur fertilizer + thiobacillus, which showed an increase of 28.49, 41.72 and 32.46% as arrangement in comparison with the control. Also, grain numbers per head, grain yield, biological yield, and oil yield at 1% and oil and protein percentages and protein yield at 5% showed significant differences under the influence of different amounts of foliar Nano-potassium fertilizer. So, that the foliar application of 10 kg/ha of Nano potassium caused the maximum amount of the mentioned traits and increased grain yield, oil and protein percentages and oil and protein yield compared to the control: 1.05, 2.56, 0.64, 14.26 and 4.48%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Studying the effects of interrupted irrigation on the response of two safflower cultivars under spring and summer sowing conditions
Sholeh Danaei Babak Pasari Asad RokhzadiIn order to study the effects of water deficit stress on two safflower cultivars under spring and summer sowing conditions, an experiment was conducted in a split-split-plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at the resear MoreIn order to study the effects of water deficit stress on two safflower cultivars under spring and summer sowing conditions, an experiment was conducted in a split-split-plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at the research farm of agriculture faculty, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch. The main factor was the sowing date including spring and summer dates. The sub-factor was drought stress with two levels (full irrigation and interrupted irrigation at the flowering stage). The sub-sub-factor was cultivar including Sina and Faraman. The heads number per plant and seed yield in spring sowing significantly increased compared to summer sowing. In spring sowing conditions, yield and its components were significantly decreased as the result of water deficit stress during the flowering stage compared with full irrigation however in summer sowing conditions, stress had no effect on the above-mentioned traits. The highest rate of seed yield (3287 kg/ha) was obtained in the spring sowing of Faraman cultivar with full irrigation, and there was no significant difference between the two cultivars with respect to seed yield, under stress conditions in spring or summer sowing conditions. According to the results of this experiment, in summer sowing conditions there were no advantages from irrigation at the flowering stage compared with interrupted irrigation at the flowering stage, therefore in the case of shifting the sowing time from spring to summer, it will be possible to save the water by interrupting the irrigation at flowering stage accordingly an acceptable yield may be attained as a second crop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - A New Dynamic Nursing Workforce Planning Considering Skills Required at the Different Organizational Hierarchy: An Optimal Control Method
Shila Monazam Ebrahimpour Fariborz Rahimnia Alireza pooya Mohammad Mahdi Farahi Morteza Pakdaman -
Open Access Article
210 - Comparisons of Seed Yield, Its Components, Phenologic and Morphologic Traits of Iranian Barley Cultivars under Lorestan Weather Condition
Mohsen Lak Koorosh Astaraki Mohammad Khorshidvand Ezatollah Nabati Mahdi Shaaban -
Open Access Article
211 - مدلسازی هیدروگراف جریان با استفاده از GIS و مدل هیدرولوژیکی توزیعی در حوزه دینور کرخه
مریم آذین‏ مهر عبدالرضا بهره‏ مند آتنا کبیردر این مقاله اساس مدل‏ سازی در حوزه بصورت تقسیم‏‏ بندی آن بصورت شبکه‏ ای می ‏باشد، به ­طوری که هر سلول یک تابع پاسخ مستقل و منحصر به­ فردی نسبت به سایر سلول‏ ها دارد. از مجموع پاسخ‏ های جریان سلول‏ ها، هیدروگراف جریان از سطح حوزه Moreدر این مقاله اساس مدل‏ سازی در حوزه بصورت تقسیم‏‏ بندی آن بصورت شبکه‏ ای می ‏باشد، به ­طوری که هر سلول یک تابع پاسخ مستقل و منحصر به­ فردی نسبت به سایر سلول‏ ها دارد. از مجموع پاسخ‏ های جریان سلول‏ ها، هیدروگراف جریان از سطح حوزه حاصل می ‏شود. روش ارائه شده، پیش ‏بینی هیدروگراف جریان حوزه رودخانه با استفاده از مدل هیدرولوژیکی WetSpa است. WetSpa یک مدل هیدرولوژیکی- توزیعی بر پایه GIS می‏باشد که در مقیاس حوزه عمل کرده و برای پیش‏ بینی سیلاب و مدیریت حوزه آبخیز توسعه یافته است. مدل فیزیکی بوده و قادراست فرایندهای هیدرولوژیکی بارش، ذوب برف، ذخیره برگابی، ذخیره چالابی، رواناب سطحی، نفوذپذیری، تبخیر و تعرق، نفوذ عمقی، جریان زیر سطحی، جریان آب زیر زمینی و... را به طور پیوسته در زمان و مکان شبیه ‏سازی نموده و تعادل آب و انرژی را در هر سلول رستری برقرار نماید. مدل از لایه های توپوگرافی، کاربری و خاک و همچنین آمار هواشناسی روزانه برای پیش‏ بینی هیدروگراف ‏های سیل و توزیع مکانی پارامترهای هیدرولوژیکی حوزه استفاده می ‏نماید. نقشه‏ های رقومی توپوگرافی، کاربری اراضی و بافت خاک سه نقشه اصلی مدل بوده که در قالب GIS و با ابعاد سلولی100 ×100 متر به مدل وارد شدند. مدل با 76 ماه آمار هیدرومتئورولوژیکی اندازه‏گیری شده در حوزه دینور کرخه در کرمانشاه به کار برده شد. نتایج شبیه‏ سازی حاکی از تطابق خوب بین هیدروگراف ‏های شبیه‏ سازی و مشاهده‏ای است به طوریکه مدل قادر است هیدروگراف ‏های روزانه را با دقت خوب و بر اساس معیار ناش-ساتکلیف دوره واسنجی و کلینگ- گوپتا دوره اعتبارسنجی به ترتیب 66 درصد و 72 درصد پیش ‏بینی نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - ارزیابی خطای ناشی از کاربرد منحنی دبی - اشل متوسط به عنوان شرایط مرزی پایین دست در مدل ریاضی جریان غیرماندگار
مهدی حبیب زاده حسین محمد ولی سامانی حیدرعلی کشکولیکاربرد منحنی دبی - اشل متوسط در مدل سازی ریاضی جریانهای غیرماندگار، به عنوان شرایط مرزی پایین دست و در مرحله واسنجی و صحت سنجی مدل امری متداول است. به منظور ارزیابی خطای ناشی از کاربرد منحنی دبی - اشل متوسط به عنوان شرایط مرزی پایین دست در مدل سازی جریانهای غیرماندگار Moreکاربرد منحنی دبی - اشل متوسط در مدل سازی ریاضی جریانهای غیرماندگار، به عنوان شرایط مرزی پایین دست و در مرحله واسنجی و صحت سنجی مدل امری متداول است. به منظور ارزیابی خطای ناشی از کاربرد منحنی دبی - اشل متوسط به عنوان شرایط مرزی پایین دست در مدل سازی جریانهای غیرماندگار در شرایط هندسی مختلف، مدلی فرآیندی از یک جریان غیرماندگار در مجرای منشوری با مشخصات فرضی توسط نرم افزار HEC-RAS تهیه و میزان خطای مذکور پس از اعمال مقادیر مختلف شیب، ضریب زبری و طولهای مختلف در آن مجرا، در دو حالت خطادار و مرجع مورد اندازه­گیری، قرار گرفته است. نتایج این طرح در قالب 120 مقدار برای شاخص تعیین R2از مقایسه دو به دوی منحنیهای دبی - اشل متناظر مربوط به حالت­های خطادار و مرجع بدست آمده و در قالب نمودار ارائه گردیده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که کاهش شیب بستر، افزایش ضریب زبری بستر و همچنین کاهش طول مجرای اصلی افزایش خطای مذکور را به دنبال خواهد داشت. بیشترین میزان این خطا با مقایسه منحنی­هایدبی - اشل بدست آمده برای هر یک از عوامل شیب، زبری بستر و مسافت در محدوده تعیین شده، شامل 0001/0 تا 001/0 برای شیب، 01/0 تا 04/0 برای زبری و 5 تا 50 کیلومتر برای مسافت، بترتیب به میزان 2617/0 ، 1507/0 و 1673/0 اندازه­گیری شده است. تشخیص میزان حساسیت هر یک از عوامل نامبرده در شرایط مختلف نیز با بررسی این نتایج و مقایسه نمودارهای ارائه شده، میسر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - شبیهسازی آبشکنهای T شکل در دبی ورودی به آبگیر با کمک نرمافزار FLOW 3D
میثم پور معظمی محمد حیدر نژاد استفاده از آبشکن در ورودی آبگیر تاثیر قابل توجهی بر افزایش دبی آبگیری دارد. آبگیر ها از جمله سازه­هایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانهها طراحی و اجراء میگردند. از جمله نکاتی که بایستی در طراحی عمومی آبگیرها به آن اشاره نمود مواردی نظیر، تأمین نمودن آب به More استفاده از آبشکن در ورودی آبگیر تاثیر قابل توجهی بر افزایش دبی آبگیری دارد. آبگیر ها از جمله سازه­هایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانهها طراحی و اجراء میگردند. از جمله نکاتی که بایستی در طراحی عمومی آبگیرها به آن اشاره نمود مواردی نظیر، تأمین نمودن آب به میزان مطلوب در هر زمان، جهت رفع نیازها، بدون در نظر گرفتن دبی رودخانه است، مشروط بر آنکه نیازها از جریان رودخانه تجاوز نکنند. در این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر آبشکن T شکل بر شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان در آبگیرها با مدل ریاضی Flow3D پرداخته شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات نشان میدهد که بهطور متوسط با نصب آبشکن T شکل 6/76درصد دبی انحرافی به آبگیر نسبت به مدل شاهد افزایش مییابد. همچنین با افزایش طول آبشکن T شکل از 15 به 45 درصد عرض فلوم درصد دبی انحرافی 15 درصد افزایش یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - تخمین میزان آبشستگی اطراف پایه پلها با استفاده از نرمافزار SSIIM
هوشنگ حسونی زاده احسان زارع دهدشتبرآورد حداکثر عمق آبشستگی به منظور تعیین عمق لازم برای پایههای پل لازم است. در غیر این صورت ممکن است منجر‎ به تخریب پل گردد. در این پژوهش از نرم افزار SSIIM که به صورت سه بعدی، معادلات جریان و رسوب را لحاظ میکند استفاده گردیده است. در نرم افزار SSIIM میدان جریان د Moreبرآورد حداکثر عمق آبشستگی به منظور تعیین عمق لازم برای پایههای پل لازم است. در غیر این صورت ممکن است منجر‎ به تخریب پل گردد. در این پژوهش از نرم افزار SSIIM که به صورت سه بعدی، معادلات جریان و رسوب را لحاظ میکند استفاده گردیده است. در نرم افزار SSIIM میدان جریان در اطراف پایه پل استوانهای شکل، با استفاده از حل سهبعدی معادلات ناویر – استوکس و مدل آشفتگی k-e ، به دست آمده و سپس با استفاده از حل غیردائمی میدان رسوب و معادله پیوستگی، تغییرات تراز کف در اطراف پایه پل محاسبه میشود. در ادامه به منظور صحت سنجی، نتایج مدل شبیه سازی شده، با اطلاعات آزمایشگاهی مقایسه گردید. نتایج مقایسه نشان میدهد که با دقت بالایی میتوان از این مدل در شبیه سازی آبشستگی و تخمین حداکثر عمق آبشستگی اطراف پایههای پل استفاده کرد. به این صورت که عمق آبشستگی 10 تا 20 درصد کمتر از مقدار آزمایشگاهی برآورد شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - بررسی توزیع سرعت، الگوی جریان و آبشستگی پل رودخانه سیمینه رود ( اطراف پایه های 1 تا 3)
غلامحسین اکبری علی جعفریتأثیر پدیدۀ آبشستگی بر روی سازه ­های آبی از جمله پل­ ها، از مباحث مهم در مهندسی عمران و مهندسی رودخانه می ­باشد، پلها از قدیمیترین سازههای مهندسی هستند. یکی از مهمترین عوامل تخریب پلها ، مسئله آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف پایههای آن میباشد. این نوع فرسایش با Moreتأثیر پدیدۀ آبشستگی بر روی سازه ­های آبی از جمله پل­ ها، از مباحث مهم در مهندسی عمران و مهندسی رودخانه می ­باشد، پلها از قدیمیترین سازههای مهندسی هستند. یکی از مهمترین عوامل تخریب پلها ، مسئله آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف پایههای آن میباشد. این نوع فرسایش با حفرهای که در اطراف سازه شکل میگیرد، قابل شناسایی است. این حفره در صورت گسترش در عمق میتواند باعث خرابی و در نهایت ریزش پل گردد. برای بررسی دقیق جریان و پیش ­بینی آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف پایه ­های پل، نیاز به فهم دقیق الگوی جریان در اطراف پایه­ ها است. با شناخت کامل جریان می ­توان با حل معادلات حاکم، میدان جریان را به طور کامل مدل کرده و به همراه حل معادلات انتقال رسوب و با تکیه بر پیشرفت­ های چشمگیر در علم دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (CFD)[1]، روش دقیق برای تخمین آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف این سازه ­ها بدست آورد. در تحقیق پیش رو، شبیهسازی انجام گرفته، با استفاده از نرم افزار Flow-3Dکه نرم ­افزاری توانمند در شبیه ­سازی آشفتگی جریان به صورت سه­ بعدی است صورت گرفته، برای این منظور با استفاده از مدل Shallow water، مشخصه­ های جریان شامل سطح آب، سرعت، فشار و غیره را در اثر عبور دبی با دوره بازگشت صد ساله ( 2723) در محدوده ابتدای پل اول تا 100 متر پایین­ دست پل رودخانه سیمینه ­رود محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از مدل Sediment scour به صورت سه بعدی به بررسی میزان توسعه­ ی فرآیند آبشستگی در اطراف پایه ­های 1 تا 3 پل رودخانه سیمینه ­رود پرداخته شد. [1]-Computational Fluid Dynamics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - ارزیابی یکپارچه اثرات افزایش راندمان آبیاری و کاهش آورد بر شاخص هیدروانرژی سیستم منابع آب حوضه آبریز توسط مدل مفهومی WEAP (مطالعه موردی شبکه آبیاری دز - سد مخزنی دز)
بهزاد نویدی نساج نرگس ظهرابی علی شهبازیامروزه تولید برق جهان به شدت به منابع آب وابسته شده است. مطالعات صورت گرفته نشان میدهد که بروز گرمایش جهانی و تغییرات اقلیمی اثرات بسیار مهمی را بر منابع آب موجود به منظور تولید انرژی برقابی به همراه خواهند داشت. با توجه به اینکه سد مخزنی دز واقع در حوضه آبریز دز به صو Moreامروزه تولید برق جهان به شدت به منابع آب وابسته شده است. مطالعات صورت گرفته نشان میدهد که بروز گرمایش جهانی و تغییرات اقلیمی اثرات بسیار مهمی را بر منابع آب موجود به منظور تولید انرژی برقابی به همراه خواهند داشت. با توجه به اینکه سد مخزنی دز واقع در حوضه آبریز دز به صورت همزمان تولید کننده هیدروانرژی و تامین کننده آب مورد نیاز اراضی کشاورزی پاییندست میباشد، هدف پژوهش حاضر برآورد میزان کمی اثر بهبود راندمان در شبکه های آبیاری و کاهش آورد به سد دز بر مقدار هیدروانرژی تولیدی سالانه در سد نیروگاه دز میباشد. به این منظور با شبیهسازی یکپارچه حوضه آبریز دز، اثر اعمال بهبود راندمانهای 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد و همچنین کاهش آورد رودخانه دز در سطح 5 و 10 درصد در دو افق زمانی کوتاه و بلندمدت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در بلندمدت به تبع افزایش نیاز و افزایش سازههای هیدرولیکی، میزان هیدروانرژی در حدود 115 گیگاوات ساعت کاهش مییابد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بهبود راندمان میزان هیدروانرژی را بین 2 الی 6 گیگاوات ساعت در هر سال افزایش میدهد. در تحلیل نتایج میزان هیدروانرژی تولیدی وابستگی شدیدی به آورد رودخانه دز داشت به طوری که در سناریوهای کاهش آورد، افت یکباره در تولید هیدروانرژی رخ داده است و میزان آن به ازای کاهش آوردهای 5 و 10 درصد به ترتیب 140 و 296 گیگاوات ساعت کاهش یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - شبیه سازی و آشکارسازی نوسانات جریان آبراهه ای با شدت خشک سالی با بهره گیری از مدلWEAP
ارمین بنی بیات حسین قربانی زاده خرازی حسین اسلامی صائب خوش نواز بهروز دهان زادهدر این مطالعه نیاز به انتقال آب در سطوح مختلف توسعه کشاورزی در قالب طرح انتقال آب از سولگان (ونک) به خان‎میرزا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در تمامی سناریوهای این گروه اجرای طرح انتقال آب از سولگان به دشت خان‎میرزا (طرح سد ونک) در نظر گرفته شده است. سناریوهای اجرا شده Moreدر این مطالعه نیاز به انتقال آب در سطوح مختلف توسعه کشاورزی در قالب طرح انتقال آب از سولگان (ونک) به خان‎میرزا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در تمامی سناریوهای این گروه اجرای طرح انتقال آب از سولگان به دشت خان‎میرزا (طرح سد ونک) در نظر گرفته شده است. سناریوهای اجرا شده در مدل WEAP شامل اجرای طرح تغذیه مصنوعی و همچنین افزایش سطح زیرکشت و افزایش راندمان آبیاری برای به تعادل رسیدن بیلان دشت خان‎میرزا می­باشد. نتایج سناریو اول نشان داد که برای به تعادل رسیدن بیلان آب زیرزمینی دشت باید سالیانه حداقل 45 میلیون مترمکعب آب از سولگان به دشت خان‎میرزا انتقال داده شود. نتایج سناریوی دوم نشان داد که در صورت انتقال کامل آب سولگان به خان‎میرزا می­توان میزان سطح زیرکشت اراضی را تا 21000 هکتار توسعه داد. نتایج سناریوی سوم نشان داد که در صورت انتقال کامل آب سولگان به خان‎میرزا و اجرای کامل طرح آبیاری تحت فشار می­توان علاوه بر تعادل بخشی آبخوان خان‎میرزا، میزان سطح زیرکشت اراضی را تا 26000 هکتار توسعه داد. همچنین سناریوی چهارم نشان داد که در صورت انتقال کامل آب سولگان به خان‎میرزا (یعنی انتقال رقم 200 میلیون مترمکعب در سال) و اجرای کامل طرح آبیاری تحت فشار و اجرای طرح تغذیه مصنوعی سالانه 10 میلیون مترمکعب، می­توان میزان سطح زیر کشت اراضی را تا 30000 هکتار توسعه داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی ضریب دبی در سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه با ایجاد کنگرههای مثلثی شکل در بال سرریز
امیر رضا بهره بر حسین آذر پیوند رسول فرهادیترکیب سرریز با دریچه باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ضریب­دبی می‎گردد. سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه به دو منظور اندازهگیری دبی جریان و جلوگیری از انباشته شدن رسوبات در زمستان که آب گل‎آلود می­باشد، در پشت سرریز بکار می‎رود. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت چهار مدل Moreترکیب سرریز با دریچه باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ضریب­دبی می‎گردد. سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه به دو منظور اندازهگیری دبی جریان و جلوگیری از انباشته شدن رسوبات در زمستان که آب گل‎آلود می­باشد، در پشت سرریز بکار می‎رود. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت چهار مدل ترکیبی سرریزهای کنگره­ای مربعی همراه با دریچه، تاثیر پارامترهای هیدرولیکی از جمله فشار آب روی سرریز (h) و پارامترهای هندسی از جمله ارتفاع روزنه (a) عرض دریچه (b) و فاصله بین بالای روزنه تا راس مثلث (y)، بر ضریب­دبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد که ضریب­دبی با افزایش نسبت‎های h/y،h/b و h/aبی­بعد کاهش می­یابد و مدل ترکیبی بیشتر عملکردی شبیه به دریچه دارد. همچنین رابطه­ای جهت تخمین ضریب­دبی جریان با ضریب همبستگی 98/0 ارائه شد. تحلیل حساسیت رابطه نشان داد که نسبت بی‎بعد h/y دارای بیشترین حساسیت و تاثیر را دارا می­باشد و در نهایت اینکه در جاهایی که محدودیت عرض سرریز وجود دارد با اجرای این نوع سرریزها و از همه مهم‎تر با ایجاد دریچه در بدنه سرریز یعنی به حالت ترکیبی میزان دبی عبوری افزایش خواهد یافت که بسیار حائز اهمیت می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - تعیین جریان غالب رودخانه دز
علی عصاره عباس گوبانیدر مسایل مورفودینامیکی و ساماندهی رودخانه، از جریان غالب رودخانه که شکل دهنده آبراهه است؛ به عنوان دبی طراحی در مسایلی چون احیاء رودخانه استفاده می­شود. داده­های دبی متوسط روزانه، حداکثر پیک سالانه، دبی رسوب، دبی- اشل و پروفیل مقطع عرضی رودخانه در ایستگاه موردنظ Moreدر مسایل مورفودینامیکی و ساماندهی رودخانه، از جریان غالب رودخانه که شکل دهنده آبراهه است؛ به عنوان دبی طراحی در مسایلی چون احیاء رودخانه استفاده می­شود. داده­های دبی متوسط روزانه، حداکثر پیک سالانه، دبی رسوب، دبی- اشل و پروفیل مقطع عرضی رودخانه در ایستگاه موردنظر در بازه زمانی1400-1382 از امور آب استان خوزستان تهیه گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد دبی موثر در رودخانه دز 246 مترمکعب بر ثانیه می­باشد. با توجه به اینکه مقدار توان رابطه دبی رسوب بزرگتر از یک به دست آمد؛ می­توان نتیجه گرفت که بار رسوب معلق رودخانه دز زیاد بوده و رودخانه از نوع ماسه­ای است. متوسط سالانه رسوب عبوری 48/344426 تن در سال و دبی عبوری رسوب از ایستگاه دزفول 92/10 کیلوگرم بر ثانیه به دست آمد. رقوم مقطع پر 11/9 متر از کف رودخانه و دبی مقطع پر 44/2709 متر مکعب بر ثانیه به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - ارزیابی عملکرد زهکش های زیرزمینی در دو نوع فیلتر مصنوعی PP450 و فیلتر طبیعی در مزارع نیشکر: مطالعه موردی کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی
خسرو غربالی علی عصاره مهدی اسدی لورپوشش های شن و ماسه قسمت زیادی از هزینه اجرایی یک طرح را به خود اختصاص می دهند. هدف ازاجرای این تحقیق ارزیابی عملکرد پوشش های مختلف جهت فیلتراسیون زهکش های زیرزمینی و کاهش هزینه در مزارع نیشکرمی باشد. آزمایشات مورد نظر درمزرعه آزمایشی در کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی انجام شد. Moreپوشش های شن و ماسه قسمت زیادی از هزینه اجرایی یک طرح را به خود اختصاص می دهند. هدف ازاجرای این تحقیق ارزیابی عملکرد پوشش های مختلف جهت فیلتراسیون زهکش های زیرزمینی و کاهش هزینه در مزارع نیشکرمی باشد. آزمایشات مورد نظر درمزرعه آزمایشی در کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی انجام شد. زهکش زیرزمینی مربوط به هر قطعه آزمایشی به طول 120 متر، قطر 100 میلیمتر و فاصله 30 متر از یکدیگر نصب شدند. آزمایش های مورد نظر در 3 تیمار و 3 تکرار جمعا در 9 قطعه انجام شد. در هر تیمار 3 رشته زهکش زیرزمینی نصب گردید و زهکش میانی به عنوان زهکش آزمایشی مورد اندازه گیری واقع گردید. تیمار های زهکشی زیرزمینی عبارت بودند از: تیمارC: لوله های زهکش با پوشش از نوع سنتتیک PP450 ، تیمارD: لوله های زهکش با پوشش از نوع شن و ماسه و تیمارE: لوله های زهکش بدون پوشش. در هر قطعه آزمایشی، 2 ردیف چاهک مشاهده ای در فاصله صفر، 4/.، 5/1، 15، 30 و 45 متری از زهکش مرکزی قرار گرفت. عمق آبیاری در هر نوبت 25سانتیمتر در نظر گرفته شد. در طول مدت آزمایش 14 بار آبیاری با عمق معادل 5/3 متر صورت گرفت. لازم به ذکر است زمین در مزارع آزمایشی بصورت نکاشت آبیاری شد. به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد پوشش های به کار رفته جهت فیلتراسیون زهکش های زیرزمینی از شاخص های راندمان تخلیه لترال(H)، مقاومت در برابر ورود جریان(re) و ثابت تجمعی مقاومت ورود جریان به لترال زیرزمینی(eα) استفاده شد. برآورد هزینه تمام شده فیلتر مصنوعی و فیلتر طبیعی بر اساس فهرست بهای آبیاری و زهکشی سال 94 و تعدیل متعلقه انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد فیلتر مصنوعی PP450 و فیلتر طبیعی شن و ماسه در کلیه پارامترهای مربوط به کیفیت زهکشی، نظیر راندمان تخلیه زهکشی، مقاومت در برابر ورود جریان و نیز ثابت تجمعی مقاومت نتایج خوب و قابل قبولی از خود نشان داده اند، درصورتیکه زهکش بدون فیلتر در هیچکدام یک از پارامترهای مورد نظر خوب نبوده و فاقد نتایج قابل قبول می باشد. همچنین نتایج تحقیق نشان داد فیلتر مصنوعی نسبت به فیلتر طبیعی به میزان 25 درصد کاهش هزینه داشته است؛ همچنین درآمد حاصله ناشی از کاهش میزان شوری ناشی از کاربرد فیلتر مصنوعی نسبت به فیلترطبیعی به میزان 17 درصد افزایش داشته است. به عبارتی در مجموع استفاده از فیلتر مصنوعی PP450 نسبت به فیلتر طبیعی شن و ماسه 42درصد در آمد بیشتری حاصل می نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - تحلیل تغییرات هیدرولیک جریان تحت تاثیر سن لوله
وحید یزدانی سپیده یکه باش مازیار بهرامیافزایش روز افزون جمعیت شهرها و پیشرفت صنایع در همه کشورها برای آبرسانی شهرها مسئله­ی بسیار مهم و پیچیده­ای به وجود آورده که حل آن تنها با کمک متخصصان و تکنسین­های کارآزموده امکان­پذیر می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر بر روی چندین خط انتقال که شامل: لوله­های Moreافزایش روز افزون جمعیت شهرها و پیشرفت صنایع در همه کشورها برای آبرسانی شهرها مسئله­ی بسیار مهم و پیچیده­ای به وجود آورده که حل آن تنها با کمک متخصصان و تکنسین­های کارآزموده امکان­پذیر می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر بر روی چندین خط انتقال که شامل: لوله­های فایبرگلاس و لوله­های پلی­اتیلن با اقطار 110 الی 400 میلی‎متر بود، صورت گرفت. براساس تحلیل­های هیدرولیک مشخص گردید که در خط انتقال لوله فایبرگلاس با تغییر ضریب C از 140 به 135 و از 135 به 130 میزان افزایش افت برابر 2/3 و 5/3 درصد می­باشد. ایجاد تغییرات 5/3 و 1/7 درصد در مقادیر ضریب زبری میزان افت هیدرولیکی به ترتیب به میزان 2/3 و 7/6 درصد افزایش یافته است. در خطوط لوله که سرعت جریان آب نزدیک به 5/1 متر بر ثانیه می­باشد، حساسیت این عدم قطعیت افزایش می­یابد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده مقدار افزایش افت با تغییر ضریب C از 135 به 130 و از 130 به 125 به طور متوسط در تمام مسیر­های مورد بررسی، حدود 6 درصد می­باشد. با گذشت زمان و کهنه‎شدن لوله­ها، فشارهای طراحی شده در گره­های برداشت تامین نخواهد شد که برای این امر باید از ایستگاه‎های پمپاژ استفاده نمود که هزینه­های بهره­برداری را افزایش می­دهد. نتایج مربوط به لوله­های فایبرگلاس و پلی­اتیلن نشان داد که تاثیر ضریب زبری بر تغییرات افت در لوله­های فایبر گلاس، کمتر از پلی­اتیلن است. نتایج مشخص نمود که سرعت جریان عامل تاثیر­گذار بر تغییرات افت ناشی از تغییر ضریب هیزن ویلیامز می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - بررسی رژیم آبی جریان ورودی به تالاب بامدژ به منظور تدوین الگوی مدیریت محیط زیست پایدار
معصومه کمالی کاظم حمادی فروزان فرخیاندر سال­های اخیر توسعه طرح­های منابع آب و کشاورزی، توسعه جوامع انسانی، پدیده تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی بیشترین اثرات محیط زیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی را در کشورهای در حال توسعه و حتی صنعتی بجا گذاشته است. تالاب بامدژ با وسعتی حدود 4000 هکتار در جنوب غرب خوزستان واقع شده Moreدر سال­های اخیر توسعه طرح­های منابع آب و کشاورزی، توسعه جوامع انسانی، پدیده تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی بیشترین اثرات محیط زیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی را در کشورهای در حال توسعه و حتی صنعتی بجا گذاشته است. تالاب بامدژ با وسعتی حدود 4000 هکتار در جنوب غرب خوزستان واقع شده که از رودخانه شاوور تغذیه می­شود. به نظر می­رسد مدیریت محیط زیست پایدار تالاب بستگی به شناخت عوامل محیطی شامل پارامترهای دخیل در تکوین جریان حوضه ی آبریز مشرف به آن دارد. این تالاب به همراه رودخانه شاوور میدان تحقیق حاضر را تشکیل میدهند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رژیم کمی و کیفی جریان آب ورودی به تالاب بامدژ و ارائه یک الگوی مناسب مصرف آب به منظور بهبود مدیریت محیط زیست تالاب صورت گرفته است. در تحلیل مقدماتی به نظر رسید که سری سالانه جریان ورودی به تالاب از دو سری نمونه مجزا شکل گرفته است. در ادامه کار سری اولیه داده­ها و دو سری نمونه به طور جداگانه تحلیل شده­اند. جهت تحلیل آماری و نشان دادن تمایز دو سری نمونه از یکدیگر از نرم­افزار آماری SPSS بهره­گرفته شد. به تبع سری سالانه جریان، مقادیرکیفیت آن نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته و به عبارتی برای پارامترهای کیفی همچون EC،TDS، مجموع کاتیون­ها، مجموع آنیون­ها وpH دو سری مجزا مطابق رژیم جریان و یک سری کلی استخراج و مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند. که اکثر نتایج نشانگر اختلاف معنی دار دو سری آماری بودند. بر این اساس یک الگوی مدیریتی محیط زیست تالاب با تاکید بر کمیت و کیفیت جریان ورودی به تالاب ارائه شد. این پارامترها شامل آبدهی قابل برنامه ریزی معادل 600 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز شرب 3 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز صنعت 7 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز آبزی پروری 25 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز کشاورزی 500 میلیون مترمکعب، نیاز زیست محیطی هیدرولوژیکی 142 میلیون مترمکعب می­باشد. رعایت الگوی فوق ضمن تامین نیازهای بالا دست مانند کشاورزی و آبزی پروری، نیازهای زیست محیطی تالاب را تامین کرده و موجب پایداری سیستم تالاب می گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - مطالعه عددی دبی جریان در ورودی آبگیر با کمک آبشکن L شکل
میثم پور معظمی محمد حیدر نژادرودخانهها یکی از منابع اصلی تأمینکننده آب شیرین به حساب میآیند که با احداث آبگیر، برداشت آب از آنها انجام میگیرد. آبگیرها از جمله سازههایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه­ها طراحی و اجرا میگردند، لذا داشتن شناخت و آگاهی کامل نسبت به مسائل طراحی و مشکلاتی ک Moreرودخانهها یکی از منابع اصلی تأمینکننده آب شیرین به حساب میآیند که با احداث آبگیر، برداشت آب از آنها انجام میگیرد. آبگیرها از جمله سازههایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه­ها طراحی و اجرا میگردند، لذا داشتن شناخت و آگاهی کامل نسبت به مسائل طراحی و مشکلاتی که پس از اجرا در این سازه حادث میشود، میتواند کمک مؤثر و شایانی در امر بهینهسازی برداشت آب از رودخانهها باشد. در تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر آبشکن L شکل بر شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان در آبگیرها از مدل ریاضی FLOW-3D استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمایشها نشان میدهد که بهطور متوسط با نصب آبشکن L شکل 5/70 درصد افزایش دبی انحرافی به آبگیر نسبت به مدل شاهد را باعث میشود و با افزایش طول آبشکن L شکل از 15 به 45 درصد، دبی انحرافی 5/22 درصد افزایش یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - بررسی تأثیر همزمان مجرای تحتانی پلکانی و گردابشکن بر هیدرولیک جریان عبوری بر سرریز نیلوفری
روزبه آقامجیدی سید حبیب موسوی جهرمی حیدرعلی کشکولیدر دهههای اخیر سد های زیادی ساخته شده اند و یا در حال ساخت می باشند. با توجه به بالا بودن نیاز به آب و نیز فرسایش روز افزون خاک در مناطق مختلف لزوم احداث سد کاملاً محسوس می باشد. در سال 1900 تعداد سد های بزرگ، از 50 عدد تجاوز نمیکرد. ولیکن در بین سال های 1950 الی Moreدر دهههای اخیر سد های زیادی ساخته شده اند و یا در حال ساخت می باشند. با توجه به بالا بودن نیاز به آب و نیز فرسایش روز افزون خاک در مناطق مختلف لزوم احداث سد کاملاً محسوس می باشد. در سال 1900 تعداد سد های بزرگ، از 50 عدد تجاوز نمیکرد. ولیکن در بین سال های 1950 الی 1986 تعداد سد های بزرگ (بیش از 15 متر ارتفاع) بیش از 39000 شمارش گردید. از دهه 70 میلادی ساخت سدها توسعه روز افزونی داشته است. سرریزها بنا بر نوع بهره برداری و نوع پروژه متفاوت است. بهعبارت بهتر سرریزها دارای انواع مختلف می باشند که یکی از این انواع، سریز نیلوفری است. سرریز نیلوفری عبارت است از سرریز جداگانه ای که میتواند جایگزین سرریز جانبی شود. این سرریز از یک دهانه دایروی، یک تبدیل دایروی قائم و یک تونل تحت فشار افقی (یا تقریباً افقی) که نهایتاً آب را از مخزن سد به پایین دست منتقل میکند، تشکیل می شود. به عبارت دیگر، سرریز نیلوفری از یک تاج دایرهای تشکیل می شود که جریان را به یک محور مایل یا قائم هدایت می نماید. در این تحقیق جهت بررسی عملکرد توامان مجرای پلکانی و گرداب شکن برروی هیدرولیک سرریز نیلوفری آزمایشات متعددی با انواع گردابشکن و با انواع مجرای پلکانی انجام پذیرفت، که نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که بعد از انجام نزدیک 100 آزمایش بهترین مجرای پلکانی مربوط به مجرای 12 پلکان و گردابشکن با ارتفاع و طول کم با آرایش شش تایی است که باعث افزایش دبی عبوری به میزان 23 درصد میشود. لازم به ذکر است که افزایش ضخامت گرداب شکن بیش از هفت درصد شعاع سرریز اثر چندانی بر افزایش ضریب سرریز را ندارد. همچنین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که عملکرد سرریز با آرایش شش تایی دارای بازده و راندمان بالاتری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - بررسی آبشستگی گروه پایههای پل در زوایای مختلف با استفاده از مدل ریاضی و تحلیل رگرسیون
رضا فرزاد ابراهیم نوحانی علی افروس حسن کیامنشبا پیشرفت فناوری طراحی و ساخت سازهها، شاهد ساخت پلها با اشکالی مدرن بوده که از جمله آنها میتوان به پلهای در زوایای مختلف اشاره کرد. پلها یکی از مهم‎ترین سازههای رودخانهای هستند. یکی از عوامل عمده تخریب پلها، آب­شستگی اطراف پایههای پل میباشد. آب­شس Moreبا پیشرفت فناوری طراحی و ساخت سازهها، شاهد ساخت پلها با اشکالی مدرن بوده که از جمله آنها میتوان به پلهای در زوایای مختلف اشاره کرد. پلها یکی از مهم‎ترین سازههای رودخانهای هستند. یکی از عوامل عمده تخریب پلها، آب­شستگی اطراف پایههای پل میباشد. آب­شستگی به فرمهای مختلف، پایداری سازههای هیدرولیکی را مورد تهدید و فرسایش قرار میدهد. همه ساله پلهای زیادی در سراسر جهان به دلیل در نظرنگرفتن نقش عوامل هیدرولیکی تخریب میشوند. در این تحقیق به شبیهسازی عددی آب­شستگی در گروههای 3 و 4 پایه پل در زوایای صفر ، 10 ، و 15 درجه و استفاده از دبی و قطر ثابت پایهها با استفاده از نرم‎افزار Flow3D پرداخته میشود و تحلیل رگرسیون مورد ارزیابی قرار میگیرد. نتایج حاصل از شبیهسازی نشان دادند که با افزایش شیب پایهها از درجه صفر به سمت زاویه 15 درجه میزان آب­شستگی کاهش مییابد. همچنین آب­شستگی در اطراف بالادست پایهها بیش‎تر اتفاق میافتد. حداکثر آب­شستگی در اطراف پایههای ابتدایی گزارش شده است. این تحقیق تایید میکند که شیب پایههای استوانهای پل نسبت به خط قائم، بهطور مستقیم بر آبشستگی حول پایههای پل تاثیر میگذارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - شبیه سازی پرش هیدرولیکی در بستر با زبری سنگریزه ای با نرمافزار FLOW-3D
ناهید پورعبدالله تورج هنر شهاب انصاریکنترل پرش هیدرولیکی در کانال­های روباز به منظور کاهش انرژی و خسارات وارده بر ابنیه پایین­دست همواره از موضوعات مورد توجه محققین بوده است. یکی از مهم­ترین موارد در این زمینه ساخت انواع حوضچه آرامش با در نظر گرفتن عوامل اقتصادی و سهولت احداث می­باشد. به هم Moreکنترل پرش هیدرولیکی در کانال­های روباز به منظور کاهش انرژی و خسارات وارده بر ابنیه پایین­دست همواره از موضوعات مورد توجه محققین بوده است. یکی از مهم­ترین موارد در این زمینه ساخت انواع حوضچه آرامش با در نظر گرفتن عوامل اقتصادی و سهولت احداث می­باشد. به همین خاطر اغلب قبل از تصمیم­گیری برای احداث حوضچه، شبیه­سازی جهت پیش­بینی رفتار پرش در حالات مختلف انجام می­گردد. یکی از روش­های جدید کنترل پرش در کانال­ها، احداث حوضچه آرامش با زبری سنگ‎ریزه­ای است. لذا در این تحقیق شبیه­سازی پرش بر روی بستر بدون شیب و با زبری سنگ‎ریزه­ای در اعداد فرود اولیه 9/4 تا 8/7، در چهار زبری متفاوت صفر، 1، 4 و 10 میلی‎متر با نرم­افزار FLOW-3D انجام شد. در ادامه نتایج با داده­های آزمایشگاهی مقایسه گردیدند. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین خطا در تخمین عمق اولیه به ترتیب در بستر بدون زبری و با زبری 4 میلی‎متر و بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین خطا در تخمین عمق ثانویه به ترتیب در بستر با زبری 4 میلی‎متر و بستر بدون زبری تعیین گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین خطا در تخمین طول پرش به ترتیب در بستر با زبری 4 میلی‎متر و بستر بدون زبری رخ داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - شبیه سازی جریان در آبگیرهای کفی با استفاده از نرم افزار FLOW 3D
امیرعباس کمانبدست بهرنگ فرج پورآبگیرهای کفی از جمله سازههایی هستند که معمولا" در مناطق کوهستانی ساخته میشوند. در بحث آبگیری از رودخانهها،روشهای متعددی وجود دارد که هر یک ویژگیها و محدودیتهای خاص خود را دارند. آبگیری از جریان آب در رودخانهها معمولا به دو روش پمپاژ و ثقلی صورت میگیرد. روش ثقلی Moreآبگیرهای کفی از جمله سازههایی هستند که معمولا" در مناطق کوهستانی ساخته میشوند. در بحث آبگیری از رودخانهها،روشهای متعددی وجود دارد که هر یک ویژگیها و محدودیتهای خاص خود را دارند. آبگیری از جریان آب در رودخانهها معمولا به دو روش پمپاژ و ثقلی صورت میگیرد. روش ثقلی به دلیل پیوسته بودن و عدم نیاز به صرف انرژی بر روش پمپاژ ارجحیت دارد. روشهای مختلفی به طریق ثقلی امکان پذیر میباشد که معمولا به سه دسته آبگیرهای جانبی، جلویی و کفی تقسیم بندی میشوند. با توجه به تجربیات بدست آمده در کشورهای اروپایی برای مناطق کوهستانی و کوهپایه ای با شیب طولی رودخانه بیش از یک درصد در حالی که 75 درصد بار بستر دارای ابعاد بزرگتر از 6 میلی متر باشد، آبگیر کفی توصیه گردیده است. با توجه به اینکه تحلیل هیدرولیکی جریان در آبگیر کفی چندان توسط مدلهای ریاضی مورد بحث قرار نگرفته و از طرفی بررسی و ساخت مدلهای فیزیکی زمان بر و پر هزینه است ، بنابراین در این پژوهش، شبیه سازی هیدرولیک جریان در آبگیر کفی، توسط نرم افزار Flow3Dمورد نظر قرار گرفت.در این پژوهش مشاهده گردید که بهترین شیب شبکه آبگیر، برای آبگیری شیب 20 درجه میباشد. از طرفی هر قدر درصد بازشدگی شبکه آبگیر افزایش یابد، نسبت دبی انحرافی نیز افزایش مییابد. همچنین تغییرات ضریب شدت جریان در حالتهای مختلف نسبت به عدد فرود ، شیب و درصد بازشدگی بررسی شد که با توجه به نمودارهای بدست آمده مشخص شد که افزایش عدد فرود و درصد بازشدگی شبکه آبگیر، باعث کاهش ضریب تخلیه جریان میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - مدلسازی عددی جریان آزاد در سرریزهای کرامپ گابیونی
محمد توکل صدرآبادی منوچر فتحی مقدم رضا محمدپورسرریزهای گابیونی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط زیست و تأثیر مستقیم بر پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه و از طرفی در دسترس بودن و سادگی اجرا و طراحی، طی سال های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. در این تحقیق پارامتر های هیدرولیکی سرریز گابیونی کرامپ با حالت جریان آزاد شامل ضریب دبی، پروفی Moreسرریزهای گابیونی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط زیست و تأثیر مستقیم بر پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه و از طرفی در دسترس بودن و سادگی اجرا و طراحی، طی سال های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. در این تحقیق پارامتر های هیدرولیکی سرریز گابیونی کرامپ با حالت جریان آزاد شامل ضریب دبی، پروفیل سطح آب و حجم دبی درون‎گذر از محیط متخلخل به صورت عددی با استفاده از مدل سه بعدی Flow 3D بررسی شده اند. در این تحقیق در مجموع 18 مدل مختلف شامل 6 هندسه ی مختلف سرریز با سه تخلخل مختلف مصالح (43، 44 و 46 درصد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که افزایش قطر ذرات به افزایش همزمان دبی درون‎گذر، ضریب دبی جریان و در نتیجه افزایش افت منجر می شود. همچنین اینکه افزایش زوایای خارجی بالادست و پایین دست سرریز باعث کاهش ضریب دبی و نیز دبی درون‎گذر خواهد شد. به علاوه اینکه مشخص شد که تاثیر تغییرات شیب پایین دست بر ضریب دبی و شیب بالادست بر دبی درون‎گذر بیشتر است. در انتها با استفاده از رگرسیون غیر خطی چند متغیره روابطی تجربی برای محاسبه ضرایب دبی و دبی درون‎ گذر از این سرریزها ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - بررسی عددی اثر تغییر ارتفاع بلوکهای مستطیلی قائم بر طول پرش هیدرولیکی در حوضچه آرامش
عظیم نیکدل ابراهیم نوحانیتغییر رژیم جریان از حالت فوق بحرانی به حالت زیر بحرانی که با افزایش ناگهانی سطح آب و افت انرژی قابل توجه همراه است، پرش هیدرولیکی نام دارد. هنگامی که جریانبا سرعت زیاد با توده آب در حال حرکت با سرعت کم برخورد نماید، ابتدا جریان با سرعت زیاد در زیر توده آب حرکت می­کن Moreتغییر رژیم جریان از حالت فوق بحرانی به حالت زیر بحرانی که با افزایش ناگهانی سطح آب و افت انرژی قابل توجه همراه است، پرش هیدرولیکی نام دارد. هنگامی که جریانبا سرعت زیاد با توده آب در حال حرکت با سرعت کم برخورد نماید، ابتدا جریان با سرعت زیاد در زیر توده آب حرکت می­کند، سپس به سمت سطح آب، پخش و گسترش می­یابد. پرش هیدرولیکی پدیده­ایی رایج در پایین دست سازه­های هیدرولیکی مثل سرریزها و دریچه­ها می باشد. معمولا در انتهای سازه­هایی مانند سرریز سدها، تنداب­ها و آبشارها و دریچه­ها به دلیل سرعت زیاد جریان نیاز به سازه­هایی برای استهلاک جریان و کاهش سرعت آن به منظور جلوگیری از فرسایش و حفاظت از تاسیسات پایین دست می­باشد که یکی از متداول­ترین این سازه­ها حوضچه­های آرامش می­باشد، که در آنها با شکل­گیری پرش هیدرولیکی و عبور جریان از رژیم فوق بحرانی به رژیم زیر بحرانی انرژی جریان مستهلک می­شود. پارامترهایی چون طول پرش هیدرولیکی، نسبت عمق ثانویه به عمق اولیه و میزان افت انرژی از جمله پارامترهای مهمی هستند که بر اقتصادی کردن سازه حوضچه آرامش تاثیر فراوانی دارند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر ارتفاع بلوک­های مستطیلی قائم در حوضچه آرامش بر مشخصه­های پرش هیدرولیکی با استفاده از نرم افزار Flow-3D است. نتایج نشان داد افزایش ارتفاع بلوک­ها، پرش هیدرولیکی و استهلاک انرژی کامل جت جریان خروجی از زیر دریچه در طول کمتری نسبت به شرایطی که ارتفاع بلوک­ها کم باشد، اتفاق می­افتد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - مقایسه روشهای یک نقطهای و دو نقطهای در برآورد پارامترهای نفوذ در آبیاری جویچهای
جواد جعفری فرشید تاران رضا دلیر حسن نیا امیر حسین ناظمینفوذ یکی از مهم­ترین پارامترهای هیدرولیکی مؤثر در آبیاری سطحی و از مشکل­ترین پارامترهای قابل تعیین در مزرعه می­باشد. معادلات نفوذ در تشریح هیدرولیک جریان و طراحی سیستم­های آبیاری سطحی به کار می­روند. اما تعیین پارامترهای این معادلات مستلزم وقت و هزین Moreنفوذ یکی از مهم­ترین پارامترهای هیدرولیکی مؤثر در آبیاری سطحی و از مشکل­ترین پارامترهای قابل تعیین در مزرعه می­باشد. معادلات نفوذ در تشریح هیدرولیک جریان و طراحی سیستم­های آبیاری سطحی به کار می­روند. اما تعیین پارامترهای این معادلات مستلزم وقت و هزینه زیادی است و به این منظور معمولاً از روش­های تخمین این پارامترها استفاده می­شود. در این مطالعه برای به دست آوردن پارامترهای معادله نفوذ از سه روش ورودی-خروجی به عنوان مبنا و روش­های یک نقطه­ای شپارد و همکاران و دو نقطه­ای الیوت و واکر استفاده شد و دقت دو روش یک نقطه­ای شپارد و همکاران و دو نقطه ای الیوت و واکر در تخمین حجم آب نفوذ یافته ارزیابی گردید. به این منظور از داده­های مربوط به دو مزرعه­C1201 و E201 کشت و صنعت هفت تپه با سیستم آبیاری جویچه­ای و در شرایط مختلف مزرعه­ای با طول و دبی­های ورودی متفاوت استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش دو نقطه­ای الیوت و واکر در تخمین نفوذ تجمعی با خطای نسبی 08/8 درصد برای مزرعه C1201 و خطای نسبی 85/12 درصد برای مزرعه E201 دارای دقت بیشتری نسبت به روش یک نقطه­ای شپارد و همکاران بود. همچنین این روش در تعیین مرحله پیشروی با خطای نسبی 03/4 درصد برای مزرعه C1201 و 41/6 درصد برای مزرعه E201 دارای بیشترین دقت بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - بررسی تاثیر زبری برروی استهلاک انرژی و سرریزهای پلکانی گابیونی، با استفاده از مدل ریاضی FLOW- 3D
کمال علاسوند جواد احدیان حسین فتحیانبررسی خصوصیات و رفتار جریان، در سازه­های هیدرولیکی، از پدیده­های پیچیده ای است که استفاده از نرم افزار در آن را امری اجتناب نا­پذیر می­نماید. سرریز پلکانی گابیونی سازه هیدرولیکی ساده‏ای است که برای استهلاک انرژی در سدهای مختلف و نیز کنترل فرسایش پایی Moreبررسی خصوصیات و رفتار جریان، در سازه­های هیدرولیکی، از پدیده­های پیچیده ای است که استفاده از نرم افزار در آن را امری اجتناب نا­پذیر می­نماید. سرریز پلکانی گابیونی سازه هیدرولیکی ساده‏ای است که برای استهلاک انرژی در سدهای مختلف و نیز کنترل فرسایش پایین دست سازه، استفاده می شود. سرریز پلکانی گابیونی از پلههایی تشکیل می شود که از نزدیکی تاج سرریز شروع شده و تا پاشنه پایین دست ادامه می یابند. در این تحقیق، نسبت عرض به طول زبری­ها (b/h) برابر با 1، 5/0 و 25/0 و سه حالت ارتفاع زبری، برای دبیهای4 تا 220 لیتردر ثانیه، در مدلی 9 پله­ای، با ارتفاع پله­های 1/0 متر و شیب 21 درجه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. و همچنین در خصوص تاثیر زبری­ها در نحوه پراکنش انرژی و بوجود آمدن جریان گردابه­ای، روی پلکان­های سرریز پلکانی گابیونی به وسیله نرم افزار Flow3D پرداخته شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که در بازه دبیهای 004/0 و 009/0 و 01/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه، رژیم جریان به صورت ریزشی و از دبی 016/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه به بالاتر، رژیم جریان، به صورت غیر ریزشی است و بیشترین استهلاک انرژی، مربوط به دبی 016/0 است که با 5/79 درصد انرژی، مستهلک می شود و کمترین استهلاک انرژی، مربوط به دبی 220/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه می باشد که با 4/20 درصد انرژی، مستهلک شده خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - آنالیز منطقه ای جریانهای کمینه در حوزههای آبخیز کرخه و کارون
هدایت الله زرین فرود شریفی مهدی وفاخواهدر طراحی و اجرای پروژههای آبی کوچک در کشور، عمدتا به برآورد سیل توجه شده است و به مساله خشک سالی در برنامه ریزی منابع آب، کمتر اهمیت داده شده است. در این تحقیق به منظور برآورد جریان کمینه، از آمار موجود 28 ایستگاه هیدرومتری در حوزههای کرخه و کارون که دارای شرایط مناسب Moreدر طراحی و اجرای پروژههای آبی کوچک در کشور، عمدتا به برآورد سیل توجه شده است و به مساله خشک سالی در برنامه ریزی منابع آب، کمتر اهمیت داده شده است. در این تحقیق به منظور برآورد جریان کمینه، از آمار موجود 28 ایستگاه هیدرومتری در حوزههای کرخه و کارون که دارای شرایط مناسب از نظر طول دوره آماری بودند، استفاده شد. سپس منحنی تداوم جریان برای هر کدام از ایستگاهها ترسیم گردید ومقادیر دبی جریانهای کمینه مورد نیاز آنها استخراج گردید. به منظور تعیین مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر جریان کمینه، 21 پارامتر مؤثر بر جریان کمینه مانند پارامترهای فیزیوگرافی، اقلیمی و زمین شناسی به وسیله سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی برآورد گردید. با استفاده از روش تجزیه و تحلیل عاملی، عواملی که کمترین هم بستگی را با هم نشان دادند، انتخاب شدند. این عوامل به ترتیب اهمیت، شامل شیب متوسط حوزه، مساحت، ارتفاع متوسط حوزه، ضریب گراولیوس و شیب آبراهه اصلی بوند، که 1/80 درصد از تغییرات در دادههای اصلی را توضیح می دهند. در ادامه، تحلیل منطقه ای به روش رگرسیون چند گانه برای به دست آوردن روابطی بین جریان کمینه و ویژگیهای حوزه آبخیز صورت گرفت. در نهایت به منظور مقایسه و ارزیابی صحت مدلهای برآوردی، اطلاعات 9 ایستگاه شاهد مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و مقادیر دبی جریان کمینه بر اساس مدلهای به دست آمده و با مقادیر متکی بر ایستگاههای شاهد، مقایسه گردید و در نهایت، نتایج نشان دادند که مدلهای به دست آمده در این منطقه، در سطح معنی داری 99 درصد، قابل قبول می باشند. در نهایت بررسی جریانهای کمینه و تهیه مدلهای منطقه ای جریانهای کمینه، در مقیاس سراسری، برای برنامه ریزی مدیریت آبی کشور و استفاده از سایر خصوصیات مؤثر بر روی جریانهای کمینه، مانند درصد پوشش گیاهی یا شاخصهای مربوط به خاک شناسی و کاربری اراضی و در نهایت بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر جریانهای کمینه، پیشنهاد می گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Air traffic flow management of incoming flights with MOGWO and NSGAII approach (Case study: Mashhad International Airport)
manezhe Teimoori Houshang Taghi Zadeh Jafar pourmahmoud Morteza Honarmand AzimiLanding earlier or later than the specified time will cost each flight, and existing techniques do not measure time factors, so the cost of delay penalties is very high, while there are many techniques. In order to reduce this fine, in this article, the ALP problem is i MoreLanding earlier or later than the specified time will cost each flight, and existing techniques do not measure time factors, so the cost of delay penalties is very high, while there are many techniques. In order to reduce this fine, in this article, the ALP problem is investigated and then, with the help of an optimization function, a model to increase efficiency is presented. In general, the problem of sequencing tasks to determine the order of their execution on machines to reduce ( Or increase) is the criterion in question in optimizing the order of entry operations, both in regulations and in scientific journals. In the early stages of the air traffic sequence, feature-based inbound management and navigation are used to expand the design horizons and make it possible to study traffic in both take-off and landing positions. The aircraft landing sequence is centralized by examining parameters such as reducing apron and parking costs, minimizing latency and early arrival times, and minimizing fuel consumption costs. Finally, this paper intends to obtain a new way to improve the quality of scheduling programs and reduce their execution time by using theoretically validated algorithms and adapting them to the challenges of scheduling. Experimental experiments were performed on the data set of Mashhad Shahid Hasheminejad International Airport and showed that the main scheduling objectives can be better achieved with this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Apply GRASP Algorithm to Solve the Flow-shop Scheduling without Intermediate Queues Using Traveling Salesman Problem
Javad Behnamian Ronak Mohammadi Omid RezaeiThe aim of this paper is to minimize the period of manufacturing in the flow shop scheduling problem without intermediate queues. Scheduling problem without intermediate queues occurs when the process of one job should be processed on the machines from start to finish w MoreThe aim of this paper is to minimize the period of manufacturing in the flow shop scheduling problem without intermediate queues. Scheduling problem without intermediate queues occurs when the process of one job should be processed on the machines from start to finish without interrupting. Since this structure is similar to standard traveling salesman problem, in the present study, a new approach was applied to calculate the tardiness, in which the tardiness matrix obtained from salesman problem is used to find the optimal sequence of operations that has the shortest distance time. Furthermore, the greedy random adaptive search algorithm (GRASP) as the meta-heuristic algorithm is applied to solve the sequencing workflow without queues central workshop problem and its performance is compared to the ant colony algorithm after determining its parameters through full factorial experimental design method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Bi-Objective Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling With Pareto Approximation in a Specified Region
Seyed Mostafa MousaviThis paper studies the production scheduling problem in a hybrid flow shop environment with sequence-dependent setup times and the objectives of minimizing both the maximum completion time and the total tardiness. In the past, bi-objective problems were solved by findin MoreThis paper studies the production scheduling problem in a hybrid flow shop environment with sequence-dependent setup times and the objectives of minimizing both the maximum completion time and the total tardiness. In the past, bi-objective problems were solved by finding Pareto approximation in the entire problem space (without any restrictions). The limitation in this study is to find Pareto approximation in a specified region. In order to solve the problem, multi-objective genetic algorithm based on Pareto ranking has been used. In the structure of the algorithm, two strategies have been proposed in order to select solutions for archiving and produce Pareto in a certain region. After generating sample problems, the genetic algorithm has been implemented with three strategies (two proposed and one general strategy in literature). The appropriate strategy is based on efficient solutions in the archives. The results reflect the fact that the proposed strategies have shown better performance than the literature strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - A Comparative Study on Performance of "ant colony system" and "Linear Programming" methods in the Modeling of the Flow Shop Scheduling
Said Esfandyari Ali Morovati Sharif Abadi Seyed Habibolah Mirghafouri Hamid Reza KadkhodazadehAlthough linear programming is used widely in the world, its inefficiency in dealing with difficult problems is concerned. With the advancement in science and dealing with various problems, it tends to have problems in mass production in a short time. Heuristic and meta MoreAlthough linear programming is used widely in the world, its inefficiency in dealing with difficult problems is concerned. With the advancement in science and dealing with various problems, it tends to have problems in mass production in a short time. Heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques are the latest achievements of nonlinear programming for solving the similar problem. One area that requires programming applications in mass production is NP-scheduling problems. This paper aims at modeling and comparing the two methods of Linear Programming and Ant Colony System Algorithm in flexible flow shop scheduling problem according to the number of jobs and machines. This study is based on comparing the index of time processing, the number of constraints, optimality, and the memory size of the random numbers. Using Quasi-experimental research method, software testing tools are C-sharp and Lingo for the ant colony algorithm and linear programming respectively. The results show that linear programming model has higher performance when machines and jobs are in low numbers; however, with the rise of the machines and jobs, Ant Colony System algorithm has proven high efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Investigating the association of meanings based on Innovative techniques in the poems of vaez Qazvini
mandana alimi SARA javid mozafari ehsan ansariAs the main element of the imagination, association plays an important role in creating a variety of poetic images. vaez Qazvini is a pictorial poet who, with the help of this element, takes a step in imagining pristine and imaginative creations. He tries to classify th MoreAs the main element of the imagination, association plays an important role in creating a variety of poetic images. vaez Qazvini is a pictorial poet who, with the help of this element, takes a step in imagining pristine and imaginative creations. He tries to classify the fluid flow of the mind, which is the association of communication, beyond the seemingly scattered monologues and flow of the mind, and in the connection between images and thoughts, between the different layers of the mind. vaez, due to his careful and thoughtful thinking in composing poems, exposes the amount of associations that he has included in his poems through images, imagination, and figures of speech. He has also used a variety of industries to create new themes and concepts, according to the memories he has in mind. The present article seeks to express the free and dreamy association of the poet's mind. It also expresses the influence of innovation through proximity or similarity in the leading figures of speech in the Qazvin’s poems and how the poet benefits from it Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Identify and prioritize barriers to effective e-relief Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars Province
ali shir taheri shokoufeh zare peyman piroozThis study was carried out by identifying and prioritizing the effective barriers in creating electronic relief in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars province. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and based on the nature and descriptive method o MoreThis study was carried out by identifying and prioritizing the effective barriers in creating electronic relief in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars province. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and based on the nature and descriptive method of non-experimental type. The study population consists of 20 experts and experts of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The main questionnaire used is an expert questionnaire that is used to prioritize elements based on pairwise comparison. This study is based on operations research techniques. Research literature has been used to identify the most important study criteria. Multi-criteria decision making models and AHP model have been used to prioritize the criteria of the present study. Based on the obtained special vector, the criterion of non-support of managers with a normal weight of 0.299 has the highest priority. The criterion of inadequate internet with a normal weight of 0.230 is in the second priority. The criterion of opacity of the work routine with a normal weight of 0.199 is in the third priority. The criterion of resistance of employees with a normal weight of 0.172 is in the fourth priority. The criterion of hardware problems with a normal weight of 0.101 is in the fifth priority. At the end, practical and research suggestions are presented.Keywords: lack of managerial support, inadequate internet, lack of transparency in workflow, employee resistance, hardware problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction and creatine supplements on serum concentrations of myostatin and growth hormone in male bodybuilders
Shahin Riyahi Malayeri Omid Soleimani Ghaleh Motahare Ghane Ali Shariat Hamed Oghbaee Maryam TakhtiAim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction and creatine consumption on the serum levels of myostatin and growth hormone in male bodybuilders. Methods: 36 male bodybuilders with an averag MoreAim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction and creatine consumption on the serum levels of myostatin and growth hormone in male bodybuilders. Methods: 36 male bodybuilders with an average age of 22.63 years were divided into three equal groups of 12 people, which included the resistance training group with blood flow restriction and creatine supplementation, the resistance training group with blood flow restriction and placebo, and the creatine consumption group. The exercise program was performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions of 80 minutes each week, in a stationary and circular manner. The training intensity was 30-40% of a maximum repetition in each training session. Creatine supplement was also taken for eight weeks, every five days and daily in the amount of 20 grams. Growth hormone, muscle strength and volume were evaluated before and after training. Results: The results showed that the serum concentration of growth hormone, muscle strength and volume increased significantly after eight weeks of blood flow restriction training and creatine consumption (P=0.003). while the serum concentration of myostatin had a significant decrease (P=0.002). Conclusion: It seems that low-intensity training under conditions of blood flow restriction and creatine consumption can lead to increase of strength and muscle hypertrophy, and in addition, increase the serum concentration of growth hormone and decrease myostatin. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes use the same protocol in their training to improve strength and increase muscle hypertrophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Experimental Study of Interfacial Friction Factor and Shear Stress in Counter-current Two-phase Flow in a Vertical Pipe
Arash Ghafouri Ashkan Ghafouri Abbas kosarineia Alireza Daneh-DezfuliIn the experimental study, the formation of the annular flow pattern in a vertical pipe with the counter-current two-phase flow has been investigated with the help of image recording and processing techniques. After separating the created two-phase flow regime, the rang MoreIn the experimental study, the formation of the annular flow pattern in a vertical pipe with the counter-current two-phase flow has been investigated with the help of image recording and processing techniques. After separating the created two-phase flow regime, the range of superficial velocity of air (upward) and water (downward) is 3.66-20.94 m/s and 0.06-0.31m/s for annular flow, respectively. The interfacial friction factor (liquid and gas phase) has been evaluated according to the hydrodynamic parameters of the flow. Comparing the average deviation of the results obtained from the current research with the previous research shows that the results are in good agreement. Also, the interfacial shear stress has been calculated and evaluated for two test pipes in the center-current two-phase flow pattern in the annular flow regime. In this research, the interfacial friction factor (liquid and gas phase) is also presented as a new correlation depending on the Reynolds number of the gas flow and the Reynolds number of the liquid flow with a coefficient of determination of R2=0.98. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - A review of experimental studies of heat transfer of nanofluids in laminar, turbulent and pool boiling flows
Navid Bozorgan Nariman BozorganCooling is one of the most important challenges in saving energy and increasing the productivity of many industries. The first serious obstacle in compressing and making heat transfer devices more efficient is the weak properties of heat transfer fluids. The energy effi MoreCooling is one of the most important challenges in saving energy and increasing the productivity of many industries. The first serious obstacle in compressing and making heat transfer devices more efficient is the weak properties of heat transfer fluids. The energy efficiency of heat transfer equipment depends on the heat flux changes created in them. The use of common fluids such as water and ethylene glycol as cooling fluids in the cooling system of various heat transfer devices is not the answer to the removal of very high heat flux (tens of megawatts per square meter). Today, nanofluids are made as new heat transfer fluids by adding nanoparticles to fluids that have low heat transfer and by creating changes in the density, specific heat and viscosity of these fluids in order to increase thermal conductivity and improve heat transfer performance. In this research, the results of laboratory research on heat transfer in nanofluids under laminar, turbulent flows and pool boiling are discussed and investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Pipe Inclination Angle on Minimum and Maximum Liquid Film Thickness in Two-Phase Flow
Arash Ghafouri Ashkan Ghafouri Abbas kosarineia Alireza Daneh-DezfuliIn this study, the effect of limited inclination angle on two-phase flow in a vertical pipe was investigated, focusing on the formation of liquid film thickness using image recording and processing techniques. To generate annular flow patterns, non-homogeneous air-water MoreIn this study, the effect of limited inclination angle on two-phase flow in a vertical pipe was investigated, focusing on the formation of liquid film thickness using image recording and processing techniques. To generate annular flow patterns, non-homogeneous air-water flow was utilized in three transparent pipes with diameters ranging from 25 to 75 millimeters. After analyzing the flow pattern results for various superficial gas and liquid velocities, Reynolds numbers, and different pipe diameters, both the maximum and minimum liquid film thicknesses were calculated and presented, along with their ratios. Additionally, the dimensionless equivalent liquid film thicknesses for inclined pipes were provided concerning the uniform film thickness in the fully vertical condition. The results indicated an increase in the ratio of maximum to minimum film thickness with a change in inclination angle from 90 to 85 degrees. Furthermore, the dimensionless equivalent liquid film thickness decreased with inclination angle, consistent with prior research findings. The uncertainty analysis revealed a maximum uncertainty of 4.9 percent in the experimental assessment of the liquid film thickness, which falls within an acceptable range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Effect of Hydrodynamic flow on oil-water contact tilting in calcareous Sarvak reservoir, Civand field, Persian Gulf
ماهرخ Forood M.R Kamali علی Selgi علی Senobar پوران Nazarian-SamaniThe position of the oil-water contact (OWC) and improving the understanding of tilted OWC in fields, helping toexplain risk analysis and development drilling. Oil-water contact has been defined in all wells of Civand(Sirri C) field utilizing petrophysical logs and confi MoreThe position of the oil-water contact (OWC) and improving the understanding of tilted OWC in fields, helping toexplain risk analysis and development drilling. Oil-water contact has been defined in all wells of Civand(Sirri C) field utilizing petrophysical logs and confirmed using RFT data. Tilted oil-water contact has beenestablished and presented in the field after provided isovalue map of OWC and using well correlation map indifferent direction. The oil-water contact has been tilted close to 0.5 degrees westward. Hydrodynamic flow andits direction was defined Based on calculated potentiometric surface in the studied wells and potentiometric andisosalinity maps. The results show that oil-water contact tilting has been associated to hydrodynamic flow inSarvak (Mishrif) aquifer in east-west direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Effects assessment of the climate Change on water resources of Dararood Basin
Ebrahim FataeiThe global climate is changing, and impacts of climate change are being observed across the world. In recent years, particularly the effects of climate changes on the Earth’s water resources are very considerable. Dararood Basin is one of the subbasin of Aras rive MoreThe global climate is changing, and impacts of climate change are being observed across the world. In recent years, particularly the effects of climate changes on the Earth’s water resources are very considerable. Dararood Basin is one of the subbasin of Aras river catchment. Considering Water supply, Dararood river plays an important role in the study area. Unfortunately, in recent years the amount of water in this area has decreased. Investigating trend in climate and hydrological variables can help to identify the possible climatic changes and fluctuations. In order to identify trend in hydro-meteorological time series data among the nonparametric test, Mann-Kendall was used wildly. The purpose of this study is investigating fluctuations and trends in river flow under potential impact of climate fluctuations using the Mann-Kendall test, during 20 years (1994-2013). For this purpose climate data of four stations including Ahar, Moshiran, Meshginshahr and Parsabad along with 7 hydrometric station data (Cassin, Orang, Oshdalaq, Arbabkandi, Dostbyloo, Boran and mashiran) were used. The results showed that the annual flow of all stations have decreasing trend during the study period. Also the results of this study showed no significant correlation between climatic fluctuations and annual river flow based on the annual average during the study period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Chemical properties of fluoride concentrators in groundwater (Case study: Qalandaraz region of Ahar city functions)
ramin salmasiThe concentration of fluoride in the groundwater of Qalandar region around Ahar city is in the range of 0.3 to 5.5 mg / l. For about 78% of the samples, it is higher than the standard range of 1.5 mg / l In this study, some of the chemical properties that control the co MoreThe concentration of fluoride in the groundwater of Qalandar region around Ahar city is in the range of 0.3 to 5.5 mg / l. For about 78% of the samples, it is higher than the standard range of 1.5 mg / l In this study, some of the chemical properties that control the concentration of fluoride in the groundwater of the region are examined. For this purpose, after collecting twenty samples of groundwater from wells drilled in villages located around Ahar city, the amounts of sodium, potassium, carbonate ions, Bicarbonate, chlorine and fluorine; pH; The ratio of sodium adsorption (SAR) and total soluble solids in water samples was measured in the laboratory. The findings showed The groundwater of this region is alkaline (pH-8.4-8 / 4 = pH) and saline (3500-449 mg / l = total soluble solids). This chemical property reflects the high rate of evaporation. Groundwater is also highly saturated with calcium, which helps to remove calcium and bicarbonate from the solution. High fluoride concentrations in the region showed high correlation with high pH, total soluble solids and high sodium absorption ratio. This indicates high levels of fluoride as a result of the high solubility of fluoride minerals in the region due to calcium depletion and high ionic strength. The release of fluoride from colloidal surfaces under high pH conditions The results of these findings are shown in other studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Application of the cross-flow angle (CA) index in analysis tectonic geomorphologic in Northeastern watersheds of Iran
ebrahim taghavi moghaddam Shahram Bahrami Mohamad Ali Zangane Asadi It is very important to use geomorphometric indices to detect active tectonics. The parameters related to the drainage network are the angle of connection of the rivers. And quantitative assessment can help to identify the active tectonics, earth science research More It is very important to use geomorphometric indices to detect active tectonics. The parameters related to the drainage network are the angle of connection of the rivers. And quantitative assessment can help to identify the active tectonics, earth science researchers. Kopet Dagh -Hezarmasjed Geological Unit and Aladagh - Binalood is one of the most active geological units in Iran. In this research four basins were selected to evaluate the role of tectonics in the cross-flow angle of the rivers.Baghrood and Bojan Basin in Aladagh-Binalood Zone and Zavin and Sharrood Basins in Kopet Dagh -Hezarmasjed Construction Zone .In this way, were used cross-flow angle (CA), branching index (R), basin asymmetric percentage index (PAF) and mountain front elevation index (Smf).Also, cross-flow angle calculation showed that the highest amount in Zavin watershed is 73/67 degrees and the lowest amount in Baghrood Basin is 59.5 degrees.Which indicates changes in the flow paths of the streams, such as the capture of the river and, consequently, tectonic movements in the slope Khor anticline.Also, the calculated values of (R) (Smf) and (PAF) indicate that most tectonic species of Kopet Dagh basins are compared to the Binalod mountain basins Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Assessment of application the artificial recharges methods of aquifer of Imamzadeh Jafar plain in Gachsaran-southwest of Iran
Khodarahm Shafiei Motlagh Naser EbadatiBefore feeling water -shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religioustexts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, atfuture. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Ga MoreBefore feeling water -shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the religioustexts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent boundaries, atfuture. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south of Kohgilooye andBoerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two, alluvial and carbonateaquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and domestic. Highly exploitation andtransportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil Company, caused highly drawdown inalluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to 1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods ConsultingEngineers. There are two artificial recharge projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge pondssystem, in the plain. To present the future water resources management program the hydrogeologicalbehaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. To develop theconceptual model of aquifer required information, meteorological, water level in the observationwells, depth to bedrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water resources and …, were collected, fieldsurveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using conceptual model and MODFLOWPMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was calibrated against water year 1380 -81 and thenverified against water year 1384 - 85. The verified model was used to predict future conditions ofaquifer. The results implied the rapid response of aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifertransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385 comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwaterflow from plain outlet to the center of plain in response to highly exploitation at the center ofplain, water level in the wells located downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m andwater level in t he wells located downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Prediction of Academic Ethics based on Five Personality Factors with the mediating role of Educational Engagement and Academic Flow
khosro shakiba rad Hooshang Jadidi ali taghvaei nia Zekrollah MorovvatiPurpose: Academic ethics plays an undeniable role in the final decisions and behaviors of learners. The aim of this research was to Prediction of Academic Ethics based on Five Personality Factors with the mediating role of Educational Engagement and Academic Flow. Met MorePurpose: Academic ethics plays an undeniable role in the final decisions and behaviors of learners. The aim of this research was to Prediction of Academic Ethics based on Five Personality Factors with the mediating role of Educational Engagement and Academic Flow. Methodology: The research method was correlational. The study community included all high school girls' students of Sanandaj City in 2019-2020, that among them 384 students selected as samples by available sampling. Research questionnaires included: academic ethics (AEQ), five personality factors (NEO- FFI), educational engagement (EEQ), academic flow questionnaire (FSS). Data analysis was performed using path analysis statistical method and by the SPSS-24, and AMOS-22 software. Findings: Finding showed that the direct effect of neuroticism, extroversion, receptiveness, agreeableness and conscientiousness and educational engagement and academic flow was significant(P<0/01). Also, the results revealed that neuroticism, extroversion, receptiveness, agreeableness and conscientiousness has an indirect effect on academic ethics through the mediation of the educational engagement and academic flow(P<0/01). Conclusion: Therefore, teachers and practitioners in the field of education in educational programs can improve the academic ethics of students by improving academic engagement and academic flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Investigating relationship between types of cash and profitability based on economic, accounting and consolidated approaches
Mojtaba Jameh Bozorgi Akbar Bagheri Asghar Karami -
Open Access Article
250 - Testing the effect of foreign and domestic price shocks on the inflow of capital market to Iran
Ghazaleh Tajilro Jalal Seifodini Somayeh Shokravi -
Open Access Article
251 - Effect of biochar and supper absorbent on remediation of Cadmium by sunflower(Helianthus annuus L .) from contaminated soil
Arash Borzoo Mohammad Reza Momayezi Alireza NowrooziThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate effect of biochar and superabsorbent in the phytoremediation of cadmium from contaminated soil by sunflower. This experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the faculyy of agriculture of Islamic azad university, MoreThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate effect of biochar and superabsorbent in the phytoremediation of cadmium from contaminated soil by sunflower. This experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the faculyy of agriculture of Islamic azad university, Varamin-Pishva and Qarchak branch, in a factorial and completely randomized design. The treatments included biochar at 4 levels 0, 1, 2 and 4g/kg of soil and superabsorbent at 2 levels 0 and 4 g/kg of soil. The soil pots was contaminated with 60 mg/kg of cadmium from the source of cadmium sulfate and then 3 sunflower seeds of Azar Gol variety were planted in each pot. After two weeks, two of them were thinned. Plants were harvested 75 days after planting and the amount of cadmium in leaves, stems, roots, seeds and oil was measured. Also, the absorption coefficient and transfer coefficient of cadmium were calculated. The results showed that biochar and superabsorbent had a significant effect on the amount of cadmium in the stem, cadmium in the root and absorption coefficient. Regarding the interaction effect, only a significant effect was observed on the amount of cadmium in the stem. According to the obtained results, the addition of 4 grams of biochar per kilogram of soil caused the most significant increase in the amount of cadmium in the stem, root and transfer coefficient, and the lowest was observed in the control treatment. Among the superabsorbent treatments, the highest content of cadmium in the stem, root and transfer coefficient was obtained in the treatment of 4 grams of superabsorbent and the lowest content of cadmium in the stem, root and the corresponding transfer coefficient was obtained in the control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Effect of Obstacles Geometry on Temperature Variations of a Flowing Fluid in an Open Channel – Experimental Investigation and Numerical Modelling
نادر رهبر Mahdi Hamzei Siavash Zabeti-JahromiIn this paper the effect of placing various obstacles on heat transfer between the air and water in an open channel was investigated. For this purpose, seven different obstacles were placed into the water while incorporating underwater aeration and forced air movement o MoreIn this paper the effect of placing various obstacles on heat transfer between the air and water in an open channel was investigated. For this purpose, seven different obstacles were placed into the water while incorporating underwater aeration and forced air movement on the water, to measure input and output water temperatures at eleven different flow rates. The results indicated that placing an obstacle in the channel is associated with an increase in heat transfer from the water. Furthermore, the highest rate of heat transfer was achieved when there was a forced convection of air on water. Under natural convection, the highest rate of heat transfer was observed for the turbulent flow up to middle of the channel, while under forced convection, it was observed in forced air movement on water surface. Also in this research, open channel flow was numerically simulated in Fluent software via RSM model. A Comparison between the numerical results and experimental data may indicate the ability of Fluent software in accurate flow simulation in the open channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Sock behavior study in flow around pitching airfoil in transonic regime
Ali HeydariIn this study, solution of unsteady flows with moving boundaries is considered. So that two dimensional inviscid unsteady and incompressible flow around an oscillating airfoil is investigated by solving Euler equation using structured adaptive grid network. An adaptive MoreIn this study, solution of unsteady flows with moving boundaries is considered. So that two dimensional inviscid unsteady and incompressible flow around an oscillating airfoil is investigated by solving Euler equation using structured adaptive grid network. An adaptive grid is produced using linear spring network, which can be attached to the surface of the object and modeled moving surface. The work initially focused on production of adaptive spring grid network and different state of adaptive grid production is investigated. After investigations of mesh and time step independency, the results are compare with experiments. Also, to show the advantages of structured adaptive grid network, the results are compared with unstructured adaptive grid network. The results show that use of adaptive structured network leads to increasing the speed of solution while maintaining the accuracy. Also it can be seen that in pitching airfoil, the shock behavior depends on the direction of movement, instant angle and mean angle of oscillation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Numerical Investigation of heat transfer in fire heater tube of the gas unit of Tehran Refinery
احد عابدینی علی حیدریOne of the most fundamental problems in the furnace and fire heaters control and maintain the temperature of the tube in allowed range. In this study, heat transfer in tubes of Tehran refinery gas unit heater is investigated numerically. Simulation of combustion furnace MoreOne of the most fundamental problems in the furnace and fire heaters control and maintain the temperature of the tube in allowed range. In this study, heat transfer in tubes of Tehran refinery gas unit heater is investigated numerically. Simulation of combustion furnace has done by FIHR software and modeling of fluid flow is done by commercial Fluent soft war so that the surface temperature of the pipe is obtained. The results show that with increasing combustion air up to 15% can reduce the surface temperature of pipes. In addition, reducing the fluid flow rate to the amount foreseen in the design process as well as increasing combustion air temperature leads to the higher surface temperature of pipes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - The effect of oscillating flows on aerodynamic of two airfoils in tandem
Ali Heydari یزدان پیرحیاتیIn this study, two-dimensional oscillating flow around two airfoils in tandem is numerically simulated. With assuming unsteady, incompressible and viscous flow, the effect of oscillating amplitude and frequency on aerodynamic characteristics at different angle of attack MoreIn this study, two-dimensional oscillating flow around two airfoils in tandem is numerically simulated. With assuming unsteady, incompressible and viscous flow, the effect of oscillating amplitude and frequency on aerodynamic characteristics at different angle of attack is investigated. The Reynolds number is selected 11600 for SD7003 airfoil model and the distance between two airfoils equals to one chord. After mesh and time independency study, the results validation is done. The purpose of this work is to reach to the flight stability conditions in gusty and oscillating flows for biplane Micro Air Vehicles. To do this, the effect of amplitude and frequency of oscillating flow and the effect of interaction between two airfoils at different angles of attack must be investigated. The results show that increasing the frequency of inlet flow oscillation leads to reduction in lift and enhancement in drag coefficient in leading airfoil, but for trailing one, both the lift and drag coefficient will be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Investigating the effect of flash gutter geometry on material flow and defect formation in cold forging of AA 3003 Aluminum alloy
milad Bandad Mehrdad Ozve AminianThe aim of this study, is study on the effects of flash gutter geometry on the material flow, predict of defect formation and forging process parameters in cold forging. For this purpose, effects of three flash geometry with trapezoidal, oval and square shapes were inve MoreThe aim of this study, is study on the effects of flash gutter geometry on the material flow, predict of defect formation and forging process parameters in cold forging. For this purpose, effects of three flash geometry with trapezoidal, oval and square shapes were investigated on the simple frustum part. The effect of flash gutter geometry simulated using ABAQUS finite element software and then form with the optimized flash gutter was manufactured and forging process to verify the simulation results on a piece of AA3003aluminum alloy, was carried out. The results showed that trapezoidal flash gutter had more appropriate conditions for material flow than other cases. According to the simulation results, the maximum plastic strain was formed around the flash area and its value was maximum in the die with trapezoidal flash gutter, which was due to the greater flow of the material in the trapezoidal flash gutter geometry. According to the simulation results prediction, the distribution and exerted applied pressure to produce the final part on die with square flash gutter was more than others. The maximum applied pressure was on the flash area of die, which was the largest for the square flash gutter, and had the smallest amount of trapezoidal flash gutter geometry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Numerical analysis of the effects of sweep angle and sharpness of leading edge on Aerodynamic behavior of delta wing
Reza Aaghaei Togh Alireza Sekhavat Benis Mostafa Hadi DoolabiDelta wing is studied in several Mach numbers, sweep angles, sharp and curved edges of attack. Algorithm of flow on upper side of the wing is studied and illustrated. Algorithm of flow is compared with the elder studies and changes of these options by Mach number and an MoreDelta wing is studied in several Mach numbers, sweep angles, sharp and curved edges of attack. Algorithm of flow on upper side of the wing is studied and illustrated. Algorithm of flow is compared with the elder studies and changes of these options by Mach number and angle of attack and sweep angle is determined. Illustrations show that on the upper side of the delta wing, a vortex arises that by increasing Mach number, stretches and comes near the wing. Also addition to the primary vortex, secondary vortex arises. In Mach numbers up to 1.2 edge of attack becomes supersonic and expansion waves, accelerate the flow. In higher angles of attack, vortex breakdown occurred that in different Mach numbers and different angles of attack is studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Taxonomic value of flower morphology and spur in Persian Delphinium
Masoomeh Hasanbarani fariba Sharifnia Mostafa AssadiThe genus Delphinium belongs to the Delphinieae tribe and Ranunculaceae family; in Iran according to flora Iranica has 29 species with zygomorphic flower. In this study, the morphological information of flower and spur in Delphinium species was studied to determine the MoreThe genus Delphinium belongs to the Delphinieae tribe and Ranunculaceae family; in Iran according to flora Iranica has 29 species with zygomorphic flower. In this study, the morphological information of flower and spur in Delphinium species was studied to determine the importance of these characters in identifying species of this genus. Inflorescence condition, flower color, sepal flower, the color of sepals and petals comparative to each other, spur shape, spur curvature and spur tip were investigated. Statical analysis was conducted by SPSS software and cluster analysis was performed by Average linkage method. The results showed that flower color is one of the important traits in identifying Iranian Delphinium species, so that these genera are divided into two groups of yellow and non-yellow flower. Also, shape and spur curvature can differ from cylindrical, attenuate and inflatum. However, these character don’t correlate with distribution and the area where plant is grown. D. saniculifolium has a inflatum spur among specimens. Herbarium image of flower in different species are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Reducing Overcurrent and Overvoltage Stresses due to Open-circuiting of UIPC
Javad Pourhossein Gevork B. GharehpetianThe unified interphase power controller (UIPC) is basically a series-type power flow controller that behaves like a current source. Hence, an open-circuit fault at the terminal of this device can result in severe stress. The opening of the device terminal results in a d MoreThe unified interphase power controller (UIPC) is basically a series-type power flow controller that behaves like a current source. Hence, an open-circuit fault at the terminal of this device can result in severe stress. The opening of the device terminal results in a dual-branch parallel circuit in each phase (one RL and one RC), which disconnected from the line, and forms a series RLC circuit locally excited by two series voltage source converters (VSCs). This condition has high circulating current and overvoltage at the midpoint i.e., at the open-circuited terminal of the device. These may cause flashovers and serious damages to the device. In this research, a technique based on the discontinuous control of the device is proposed to overcome the mentioned problems. Based on the technique, the injected voltages of two VSCs are immediately reset to zero after an open-circuit fault so that the circulating current and consequently the overvoltage can be reduced. The evaluation of the proposed technique has been done through computer simulations in the Digsilent software environment and then analyzing the results in the form of a curve. In the following, the analysis and comparison of the results have shown that the proposed technique has high efficiency. It should be noted that this technique can be applied to all members of the UIPC family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Investigating the Evolution of Spatial Structure Patterns of Migration in West-Azerbaijan Province
Hashem Dadashpoor Nasim Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
261 - The investigation of Role of Teaching Philosophy to Children on Reduction of Outflow and Inflow of the Anger on Male Students in High School of 14th Educational district in Tehran.
maryam jenabzadeh rodbare فهیمه انصاریان عزت اله نادریThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of teaching philosophy (p4c) to reduce anger the outflow and inflow at first grade male students in the public high school of district 14 in Tehran. The study population includes all male students in public high schools w MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of teaching philosophy (p4c) to reduce anger the outflow and inflow at first grade male students in the public high school of district 14 in Tehran. The study population includes all male students in public high schools who were studying from the academic year 2015-2014 District 14 of Tehran. The research sample consists of 60 students in the experimental and control groups who are placed non-randomly. After teaching philosophy courses to children in order to assess their anger management, researcher uses the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Inventory - 2 Spielberger (STAXI-2). In order to test the hypotheses, ANCOVA analysis of covariance is used. Generally, results of this study confirm the validity and reliability of the philosophy program for children on the reduced outflow and inflow of teen’s anger. In the last article, we have tried to theoretical explanation of why the effect of Philosophy for Children program to reduce anger in teenagers also be provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - The Effectiveness of Time perspective Education on Flow and Grit of Female High School Students
Shekoofeh Rahimpour Mozhgan arefi Gholamreza ManshaiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of time perspective on flow and grit in female students in Abarkouh. This is an quasi-experimental research, using a pre-test-post-test approach with control group design. The statistical population was all high MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of time perspective on flow and grit in female students in Abarkouh. This is an quasi-experimental research, using a pre-test-post-test approach with control group design. The statistical population was all high school female students, and the participants were 30 students recruited through multi-cluster sampling method. Using simple randomized method, they were divided into two experimental and control groups. To collect data Martin and Jackson flow short form (2008), Duckworth and Quinn Grit Scale(2009) were used as pre-test in both groups. Then, the time perspective education, as the independent variable (intervention), was conducted only in the experimental group in 12 sessions of 90 minutes each; the control group did not receive any instructions. At the end of instructions, the questionnaires were administered again in both groups as post-tests. Data were analysed by covariance analysis. The results showed that the time perspective education instruction has a positive and meaningful impact on flow and grit of female students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Iranian Designing a System Dynamic Model for Corporate Cash Management
Mahmood Alborzi Keyvan Dadras Davood GharakhanyCash management is one of the main topics of corporate financial management. Liquidity is the company's ability to fulfill short-term obligations. Budget preparation is one of the most important short-term financial forecasting tools for cash management in companies. Ca MoreCash management is one of the main topics of corporate financial management. Liquidity is the company's ability to fulfill short-term obligations. Budget preparation is one of the most important short-term financial forecasting tools for cash management in companies. Cash budget plans input and output cash flows in a period. Using this method the courses the company is faced with surplus cash and the courses in which the company is faced with shortage of these funds and has to supply it are determined. In this study, it has been attempted to while analyzing the causative relationships among the components of incoming and outgoing cash flow, a system dynamic model is proposed for planning organizations’ cash funds. Using the proposed model the incoming and outgoing cash flows are predicted and by providing different scenarios to address liquidity shortages, the variable changes of the model and their effect on liquidity of the company are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - The Results Mapping Flow of Value in Electrical Component Manufacturing Company Using ARENA
mohsen alvandi malek tahuri masoud ahmadzadehMapping the flow of value is a tool which. Is used to improve the quality and implementation of the foundations of pure production . this technique can be used in business and managerial systems and can also be used to visualize the flow of materials in various st MoreMapping the flow of value is a tool which. Is used to improve the quality and implementation of the foundations of pure production . this technique can be used in business and managerial systems and can also be used to visualize the flow of materials in various stayes of processing as well as to determine the flow of in formation . this study is aimed at present the results of using value flow mapping in a an electrical. Component production unit using the symbols and techniques of value flow techniques by ARENA. The results show the effect of using such a method on the production efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Designing the Model of Ethical Leadership, Compatible to the Governmental Organizations of Iran
Keyvan Shahgholian Meysam Alizadeh SiyahkalOne of the issues of reducing waste and therefore increasing productivity in manufacturing enterprises is to endow with smooth and good production layout. Thus, identification and assessment of the factors hindering the realization of the expected productivity of the pr MoreOne of the issues of reducing waste and therefore increasing productivity in manufacturing enterprises is to endow with smooth and good production layout. Thus, identification and assessment of the factors hindering the realization of the expected productivity of the production flow layout is the important. One of these factors is waste; Organizations can make layouts and production stream productive by following up lean thinking model, thereby producing final products with minimal waste. Helps organizations aware of the loss, up to making the right decisions in order to remove those that do not create any added value in the product, apply. Since the measurement of waste, or people's reasoning was based on the knowledge of experts and it is also subjective judgment, the information is ambiguous and linguistic variables in most the criteria. Therefore, there is a powerful technique that can be used on the basis of vague information, it is necessary. Therefore, the proposed fuzzy inference system and Matlab software is used to simulate it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Scheduling of a flexible flow shop with multiprocessor task by a hybrid approach based on genetic and imperialist competitive algorithms
Javad Rezaeian Hany Seidgar Morteza Kiani -
Open Access Article
267 - An Assessment Method for Project Cash Flow under Interval-Valued Fuzzy Environment
Vahid Mohagheghi SEYED meysam mousavi Behnam Vahdani -
Open Access Article
268 - Modeling and scheduling no-idle hybrid flow shop problems
Mehdi Yazdani Bahman Naderi -
Open Access Article
269 - Scheduling of Multiple Autonomous Guided Vehicles for an Assembly Line Using Minimum Cost Network Flow
Hamed Fazlollahtabar -
Open Access Article
270 - New Heuristic Algorithm for Flow Shop Scheduling with 3 Machines and 2 Robots Considering the Breakdown Interval of Machines and Robots Simultaneously
mahdi eghbali Mohammad Saidi Mehrabad hassan haleh -
Open Access Article
271 - Diversified Particle Swarm Optimization for Hybrid Flowshop Scheduling
Javad Behnamian -
Open Access Article
272 - A Mathematical Model and a Solution Method for Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling
Esmaeil Najafi Bahman Naderi Hassan Sadeghi Mehdi Yazdani -
Open Access Article
273 - َA Multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm to solving flexible no-wait flowshop scheduling problems with transportation times
Bahman Naderi Hassan Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
274 - The Preemptive Just-in-time Scheduling Problem in a Flow Shop Scheduling System
Javad Rezaeian Sadegh Hosseini-Kia Iraj Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
275 - Economic Lot Sizing and Scheduling in Distributed Permutation Flow Shops
Mohammad Alaghebandha Bahman Naderi Mohammad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
276 - Three Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithms for Stochastic Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling Problem with Preventive Maintenance and Budget Constraint
Sadigh Raissi Ramtin Rooeinfar Vahid Reza Ghezavati -
Open Access Article
277 - Minimizing the operational costs in a flexible flow shop scheduling problem with unrelated parallel machines
Ali Hassani Seyed Mohamad Hasan Hosseini Foroogh Behroozi -
Open Access Article
278 - Scheduling on flexible flow shop with cost-related objective function considering outsourcing options
Mojtaba Enayati Ebrahim Asadi-Gangraj Mohammad Mahdi Paydar -
Open Access Article
279 - An Efficient Extension of Network Simplex Algorithm
Hassan Rashidi Edward P.K Tsang -
Open Access Article
280 - Scheduling in Container Terminals using Network Simplex Algorithm
Hassan Rashidi -
Open Access Article
281 - Traffic Flow Analysis Based on Queuing Models
Mohammad Modares Hossein Beheshti Fakher -
Open Access Article
282 - Meta heuristic for Minimizing Makespan in a Flow-line Manufacturing Cell with Sequence Dependent Family Setup Times
Behzad Nikjo Javad Rezaeian -
Open Access Article
283 - Multi-objective and Scalable Heuristic Algorithm for Workflow Task Scheduling in Utility Grids
Vahid Kahejvand Hossein Pedram Mostafa Zandieh -
Open Access Article
284 - An Iterated Greedy Algorithm for Flexible Flow Lines with Sequence Dependent Setup Times to Minimize Total Weighted Completion Time
Bahman Naderi mostafa Zandieh Seyed Mohammad Taghi Fatemi Ghomi -
Open Access Article
285 - A Memetic Algorithm for Hybrid Flowshops with Flexible Machine Availability Constraints
Fariborz Jolai mostafa zandieh Bahman Naderi -
Open Access Article
286 - Modelling and Scheduling Lot Streaming Flexible Flow Lines
Bahman naderi Mehdi Yazdani -
Open Access Article
287 - Effective factors in an optimal design of an air purifier façade to equip the existing buildings’ facades in urban spaces with a high pollution factor, (Case study: Pars Hospital in District 6 of Tehran)
Ehsan Najaf Zadeh fatemeh amirian Amin alah AhadiThis study aims to design an air purifier façade as a secondary skin façade for the five-story Pars Hospital. The main purpose of this study is to equip the existing buildings’ facades in urban areas with a high percentage of air pollution by an air MoreThis study aims to design an air purifier façade as a secondary skin façade for the five-story Pars Hospital. The main purpose of this study is to equip the existing buildings’ facades in urban areas with a high percentage of air pollution by an air purifier skin to increase the lifecycle of facades and improve those buildings’ users’ well-being. To choose the case study, three factors were taken into consideration. First, based on the statistics of the air quality monitoring stations, district 6 of Tehran was selected as one of the most polluted and sensitive areas of the city. This is rooted in its central location in the structure of the city, the concentration of administrative, commercial, educational, and recreational zones, as well as the high volume of daily traffic in it. Then, this research focuses on the medical centers and hospitals located in this area and specifically along Keshavarz Boulevard, which is home to many medical centers and hospitals, and from this point of view, it is one of the sensitive and fragile axes in front of air pollution. Eventually, among the medical centers located on this axis, Pars Hospital was selected as the case study due to its specific visitors, patients with respiratory and lung malfunctions, and their priority need for fresh air. Simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used as the research method. In this process, through several stages of simulation and analysis of different parameters with the use of Energy Plus software and Design Builder user interface (v6.1.0.6), an optimal design is presented for a secondary skin, accompanied by a significant increase in air velocity and a decrease in the concentration of pollutants. At simulation time, attention to the studied climate and considering the principles of passive design, are the most important factors in determining the optimal behavior of the building façade, for this purpose in the simulation process, weather information of Tehran city will be used as a database using Energy Plus software with Design Builder user interface.Findings are:1- The optimal distance of the cavity is 150 cm, if the depth of the cavity is less than 150 cm, the cavity of the double-skin façade will benefit more from the stack effect and lead to more heating of the cavity, and if the depth of the cavity is higher than 150 cm, the cavity of the double-skin façade, will not benefit from the stack effect and the temperature of the cavity will decrease, but according to the simulations if the depth of the cavity is considered to be 150 cm, the temperature and size of the cavity will be suitable for growing air pollution absorbing plants and also, the amount of air circulation is done well. 2- For equal distribution of airflow in the cavity, this space should be separated by the floors. 3- Optimal ventilation mode is outside to inside. In this ventilation mode, the purpose is to provide, clean air for breathing, reduce the concentration of pollutants in the cavity, and remove pollutants and polluted air from Pars Hospital. With the increase of fresh air exchange, the concentration of air particles also decreases. 4- The ratio of the area of the air inlet and outlet openings to that of the wall should be 0.075 so that while increasing the speed of the airflow, the age of air in the cavity will be reduced. 5-The optimal form of the secondary skin is grooved in the direction of the wind. With an optimal design of an air purifier skin, the speed of natural airflow in the cavity can be increased and the concentration of pollutants can be reduced. the curved grooves on the facade cause suction and direct the airflow upwards like an air channel, which causes the airflow to continue and increase its speed on the facade. with an optimal design of an air purifier skin, the speed of natural airflow in the cavity can be increased and the concentration of pollutants can be reduced, Research findings in these 5 modes have the most optimal form and function. It should be noted, that the influence of the variables is dependent on others. and all these variables together follow a specific purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Reconstruction of Gappy Data for Cavity Flow Using Gappy Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Matin Hoseini Nader Montazerin Ghasem Akbari -
Open Access Article
289 - Effect of flower pattern on the curvature of high-strength steel pipe in roll forming
M. Karimi Firouzjaei H. Moslemi Naeini B. Abbaszadeh M.M. Kasaei -
Open Access Article
290 - Vortex-induced energy harvesting of an elliptic blade in high-Reynolds lid-driven cavity flow
Ali Akbar Hosseinjani Ghasem Akbari -
Open Access Article
291 - The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Content of Three Spring Safflower Cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Under Full Irrigation Regime in Tabriz
بهاره Deltalab H. Kazemi- Arbat B. Pasban-EslamTo study the effects of sowing dates on seed yield its components and oil content of three spring safflower varieties a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during the spring of 2009 at Agricultural Researc MoreTo study the effects of sowing dates on seed yield its components and oil content of three spring safflower varieties a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during the spring of 2009 at Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture Faculty Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Iran. Treatments in this study consisted of four sowing date (26April, 2 May, 8 May, 14 May) and three safflower varieties (Mex33, Isfahan, Goldasht). Analysis of variance showed that late planting(26April) reduced seed yield and oil yield, seed number per head, head number per plant, 1000 kernel weight, planting height, number of leaf, shoot dry weight and oil content of seed. Analysis of variance also revealed that interaction effects of planting date by genotype was significant for height plant. The highest seed yield was observed in the first planting date (2267 kg/ha) and the lowest seed yield at the fourth sowing date (1124 kg/ha). The highest head number per plant was obtained at first planting date (13.44) and the lowest was at the fourth sowing date (6.77).The highest seed number per head was obtained at first planting date (57.78) and the lowest at the forth sowing date (36). The highest 1000 kernel weight at first planting date (37.78gr)and lowest 1000 kernel weight at the fourth sowing date (26.33g).It was also observed that the highest stem height belonged to Isfahan (87.50 cm) at the first planting date and lowest to Goldasht (55.90 cm) at the fourth planting date. The highest oil yield was obtained from first planting date (782.60 kg/ha) and lowest from fourth sowing date (292 kg/ha). However, the effect of sowing date on oil percentages was non significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Relationships between Oil and Grain Yield with Morphologic Traits in Single Cross Hybrids of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
A.R. Tarinejad P. Ramezani V. Rashidi M. GhafariGrain and oil yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are quantitative traits, which are products of interactions between numbers of traits. Thus, evaluation of different traits and their relationships are important to the researcher. In this study, important agronomi MoreGrain and oil yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are quantitative traits, which are products of interactions between numbers of traits. Thus, evaluation of different traits and their relationships are important to the researcher. In this study, important agronomic traits and their relationships in sixteen single cross hybrids in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications were investigated during 2009 at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Result indicated that all of the morphological traits except ratio of kernel/achen, area of the flag leaf and hull weight per head were significant at 5% probability levels. Mean comparisons showed that hybrids including 8(CMS322×R2) and 13(CMS346×R56) possessed promising traits such as seed and oil yield, 100-seed weight, head diameter, stem diameter, total number of seeds per head, ratio of kernel/achen, day to flowering, the number and area of leaf to include in breeding programs. The result also showed that correlations between grain yield and with other traits such as growing period length¸ day to physiological maturity and stem diameter¸ head diameter¸ number of seeds per head and number of filled seeds per were head positive and significant at 5% probability levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Effect of Different Methods of Chemical Weed Control Irrigation Regimes on Weed Biomass and Safflower Yield
M. Matinfar S. Seyfzade A.H. ShiraniRad M.A. Baghestani M. MatinfarIn order to investigate the effects of different weed control methods and moisture regimes on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), a field split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications was conducted in Takestan Iran, during growing sea MoreIn order to investigate the effects of different weed control methods and moisture regimes on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), a field split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications was conducted in Takestan Iran, during growing seasons of 2007-8. Three irrigations regimes (normal irrigation, restricted irrigation at stem elongation and restricted irrigation at flowering stage) were assigned to the main plots and nine chemical weed control method (complete hand weeding, treflan with 2 L/ha as pre plant herbicide, sonalan with 3 L/ha ad pre plant herbicide, estomp with 3 L/ha as pre plant herbicide, gallant super with 0/75 L/ha as post emergence herbicide, treflan with 2 L/ha as pre plant herbicide+ gallant super with 0/75 L/ha as post emergence herbicide, sonalan with 3 L/ha as pre plant herbicide + gallant super with 0/75 L/ha as post emergence herbicide estomp with 3 L/ha as pre plant herbicide + gallant super with 0/75 L/ha as post emergence herbicide and without hand weeding) to sub- plots. At the end of growing period traits like number of head per plant, number of seed per head, 1000 grain weight, percent of seed oil, yield of seed oil and grain yield were measured. Results indicated that treflan + gallant super treatment in restricted irrigation at stem elongation stage had the lowest dry weight of weeds. In this study maximum grain yield (2927 Kg/ha) was achieved from hand weeding + usual irrigation treatments. In general treflan + gallant super treatment was the most effective treatment on safflower yield and weed control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Evaluation of the Effect of Flower Removal and Size of Mini-Tuber on the Yield and Yield Components of Agria Potato Cultivar by Using Two Methods of Planting
M. Goldust Jelodar M.B. Khorshidi Benam D. Hassanpanah Sh. AziziIn order to evaluate the effect of flower removal and sized of mini-tuber size on the yield and yield components of Agria potato cultivar by using two methods of planting, a factorial experiment based complete randomized blocks design with three replication was conducte MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of flower removal and sized of mini-tuber size on the yield and yield components of Agria potato cultivar by using two methods of planting, a factorial experiment based complete randomized blocks design with three replication was conducted in Ardabil, Iran. Factors consisted of as two planting methods (planting mini-tuber planting in the furrow and on the ridge). B: four mini-tuber seedling sizes (5, 15, 25 and 35 mm in diameter) and C: (flowers were intact or removed. During the growing period and after harvesting the attributes measured were main stem number per plant, plant height, tuber number per plant, tuber weight per plant, marketable tuber yield and total tuber yield. The result of variance analysis showed that there were significant differences between planting methods and treatments of flower concerning yield. The results indicated mini-tuber seedling sizes at 15, 25, and 35 mm in both planting methods resulted in higher yield. The planting in furrow yieled better as compared to ridge planting. There was significant difference between flower removal as compared to that of intact ones. The linear correlation showed significant and positive relationship between total tuber yield with plant height, tuber number per plant, tuber weight per plant and marketable tuber yield. According to the results, the mini-tuber size by 15 and 25 mm and planting in furrow and flower removal produced highest number of tubers and tuber weight per plant, marketable tuber yield and total tuber yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - The Role of Salicylic Acid and Chitosan Foliar Applications under Drought Stress Condition on Some Physiological Traits and Oil Yield of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Ayoub Amiri Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi Parviz Yadollahi Dehcheshmeh Alireza SirousmehrTo study the effects of drought and foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on some physiological traits and oil yield of safflower under drought a split plot experiment with three replications based on a randomized complete block design was conducted at the MoreTo study the effects of drought and foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan on some physiological traits and oil yield of safflower under drought a split plot experiment with three replications based on a randomized complete block design was conducted at the University of Zabol, Iran. Treatments were three levels irrigations at 25, 50 and 75% of soil available water assigned to main plots, and four levels of foliar applications of salicylic acid and chitosan (control, 0.424 g/liter of salicylic acid, 5 g/liter of chitosan and mixed application of salicylic acid and chitosan) to sub-plots. Water stress reduced oil yield and phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents of shoot. Oil yield was decreased with increasing drought stress by 11% as compared to that of control. Severe water stress also increased the amount of sodium in seed, but its effects on nitrogen and iron control of shoot, membrane stability index and relative humidity were not significant. Foliar application of salicylic acid and chitosan increased macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and micronutrients (calcium and iron). Seed oil yield was not affected by foliar spray. In general, combined application chitosan and salicylic acid on traits under study was effective. It can be suggested that combined application of chitosan and salicylic acid could be effective in growing safflower at this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Photosynthesis of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Response to Combined Salinity and Drought Stresses at Vegetative Growth Stage
Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh Hosein Babazadeh Hormozd Naghavi Ali Saremi Gholamhosein ShiresmaeiliThe research was carried out to evaluate the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salinity, drought and combined salinity- drought stresses at its vegetative stage and share of their effects on reduction of yield, yield components and photosynthesis of pla MoreThe research was carried out to evaluate the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salinity, drought and combined salinity- drought stresses at its vegetative stage and share of their effects on reduction of yield, yield components and photosynthesis of plant. For this purpose, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out at Agricultural Education Center of Kabotarabad- Isfahan in 2016-2017. In this study, response of spring safflower (Sofeh variety) to four salinity stress levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 dS/m) and four drought stress levels (100%, 80%, 60% and 40% F.C.) at vegetative growth stage were evaluated. The results showed that mean values of most traits were significantly reduced with increasing salinity and drought stress levels, in such a way that severe drought (Irrigation based on 40% field capacity) and salinity (15 dS/m) treatments produced lowest values for all traits. Seed oil content decreased with increasing salinity but this decrease (7.4%) was significant only at highest salinity level (15 dS/m). The highest level of combined salinity-drought stress decreased seed yield (87.13% decrease) more than the highest level of each of drought (71.40% decrease) and salinity (55.56% decrease) stresses as compared to control treatment (without drought and salinity stress), and the share of drought stress in reduction of seed yield was higher than the salinity stress (71.40% and 55.56%, respectively). Thus, growing safflower with minimum loss of seed yield, by irrigation with 80% F.C. and water salinity with 5 dS/m at the vegetative growth stage is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Effect of Planting Date and Weed Control Methods on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Khoy Region
M. Akbari M. Roshdi S. RezadoustEffects of planting dates and weed control methods on yield and agronomic traits of sunflower was investigated. A factorial experiment based on a complete randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted in 2009. Treatments consisted of three planting date MoreEffects of planting dates and weed control methods on yield and agronomic traits of sunflower was investigated. A factorial experiment based on a complete randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted in 2009. Treatments consisted of three planting date (April 4th, May5th and Juns5th) and five weed control methods, Trifluralin (2 Lit/ha) + Fokus (1.5 Lit/ha), Trifluralin+Nabu-s (3Lit/ha), Trifluralin, Hand weeding and without control. Results indicated that planting dates and weed control methods significantly affected head diameter, 100 grain weight, seed number per head and grain yield. Harvest index and oil percent was affected only by planting dates. The highest grain yield (630.1 g/m2), was produced in the second planting date (May 5) by using Trifluralin+Fokus. Delaying sowing date (after May 5) significantly decreased grain yield. The most important weeds in the experimental site were common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album), field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis), bastard cabbage (Rapistrum rugosum), flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum), cockspur grass (Echinochloa colorum) and green bristle grass (Setaria verticillata). It was observed that the dry matter weight sharply varied in all weed species in different planting dates, that is, in the 4th April the dry matter production of common lambsquarter and bastard cabbage, in June 5th planting date were maximum. Dry matter of broad leaf and narrow leaf weeds in the date of May 5th was lower than the other two planting dates. The interaction of planting date ×control methods on head diameter, seed number per head, grain yield and weeds dry matter was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Protein Pattern of Bread Wheat Cultivars Before and After Flowering Using SDS-PAGE Technique
Zahra Baghaeifar Mohsen Farshadfar Samira Mostofi Zohreh Shirkhani Mehdi KakaeiProtein patterns of SDS-PAGE have been widely used to determine genetic variation in cereals. This study was carried out at The Payame-Noor University of Asadabad to study genetic diversity and protein pattern in bread wheat cultivars before and after flowering. 13 brea MoreProtein patterns of SDS-PAGE have been widely used to determine genetic variation in cereals. This study was carried out at The Payame-Noor University of Asadabad to study genetic diversity and protein pattern in bread wheat cultivars before and after flowering. 13 bread wheat cultivars were applied to prepare protein patterns based on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The highest genetic distance before bolting was between Zare and Gascogen (8 units). The lowest genetic distance before flowering was between cultivars with a distance equal to zero. This result indicates high genetic similarity between wheat cultivars. The most similarity between the cultivars is the value of one, such as Pishgam and Sayson (one means one hundred percent similarity) or Pishgam and Bezustaya (with one). The least similarity is 0.2 between Zare and Gascogen. Based on cluster analysis these 13 bread wheat cultivars were divided into three groups. The results after bolting were largely similar to the protein pattern before blooming. The most similarity between the cultivars is the value of one. Pishgam and Sayson was one hundred percent similar, and Pishgam and Bezustaya as well. The lowest similarity was observed between Zare and Gascogen cultivars with zero and 0.25 between Zare and other cultivars. Based on cluster analysis, 13 wheat cultivars were grouped into four clusters. Zare, Gascogen and Omid cultivars were placed in separate clusters and the rest of the cultivars were classified in one group. Increasing one group indicates the effect of some proteins that are effective in the developmental stages before and after wheat flowering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Effect of Zinc Chelate Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of Four Wheat Cultivars
محسن Dargahi R. Sadrabadi Haghighi K. Bakhsh KelarestaghiApplication of microelements is one of the ways to increase quantative and qualitative characters of wheat. To evaluate the effect of zinc foliar application on yield and yield components of four wheat cultivars a factorial experiment with two factors was conducted in r MoreApplication of microelements is one of the ways to increase quantative and qualitative characters of wheat. To evaluate the effect of zinc foliar application on yield and yield components of four wheat cultivars a factorial experiment with two factors was conducted in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011-2012 year. The first factor consisted of four wheat cultivars (Falat, Bahar, Pishtaz and Tous) and the second factor composed of three levels of zinc chelate foliar applications (control, at shooting stage and at shooting + flowering stages). Zinc concentration in each application was decided to be 4 kilogram per hectare. Results showed that yield and yield components of cultivars were significantly different with each others. The highest and lowest yields were belonged to Bahar and Tous respectively. The highest yield of Bahar, as compared to the other cultivars, was due to its higher biological yield. Zinc foliar applications at shooting and shooting + flowering stages also increased biological and seed yields. Seed yield increase mainly affected by higher 1000 seed weight. In general, it seems that zinc application, due to its role in the physiology of wheat, a sensitive plant to zinc deficiency, may increase its seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Fesibility Study on Increasing Water Use Efficiecy in (Thymus vulgaris L.) in Different Planting Pattern and Partial with Using Biochar
Kiomars Fakhri Saeed Sayfzadeh Mansour Sarajooghi Seyed Alireza Valad Abadi Ismail Hadidi MasoulehThe purpose of this field was to study the effect of biochar application and different planting patterns in different irrigation regimes on the growth and yield of thyme essential oil. The studied treatments include irrigation (irrigation of all furrows, irrigation of f MoreThe purpose of this field was to study the effect of biochar application and different planting patterns in different irrigation regimes on the growth and yield of thyme essential oil. The studied treatments include irrigation (irrigation of all furrows, irrigation of furrows as one in constant and one in variable (biochar (non-application of biochar and application of biochar at 8 tons per hectare) and planting pattern (single row cultivation) Thyme and cultivation of two rows of thyme) on the growth and yield of the thyme plant. This experiment was carried out in two cropping years of 1397 and 1398 in the form of split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the highest yield of flowering branches was obtained in the treatment of irrigation of all furrows + application of biochar with mean of 1701 kg. ha-1. In this study, the highest yield of essential oil with 24.7 kg. ha-1 was obtained in the treatment of furrow irrigation as a constant interval + application of biochar + cultivation of two rows of thyme. Based on the results of this study, the application of biochar and two-row cultivation caused a significant increase in the yield of thyme essential oil. In general, despite the decrease in growth and yield of thyme dry matter, furrow irrigation treatments as one-to-one variables increased essential oil yield by significantly increasing the percentage of essential oil and reducing water consumption. Biochar treatment also had a positive effect on all vegetative and functional traits of thyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Effects of Foliar Rates of Methanol Applications on some of Traits Related to Seed Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Water Deficit Stress
E. Khalilvand Behrouzyar M. Yarnia E. Farajzadeh M. HerischiTo investigate the effects of rates of methanol foliar applications under water deficit stress on someof traits related to seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), a split plot experiment was conducted during growing seasons of 2011-2012. Treatments were four leve MoreTo investigate the effects of rates of methanol foliar applications under water deficit stress on someof traits related to seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), a split plot experiment was conducted during growing seasons of 2011-2012. Treatments were four levels of water deficit stresses a1: severe stress (irrigation at 25% FC), a2: mild stress (irrigation at 50% FC), a3: fair stress (irrigation at 75% FC) and a4: normal irrigation (irrigation at 100% FC) and six levels of foliar methanol applications [b1:0, b2:7, b3:14, b4:21, b5:28 and b6:35 (v/v)]. The analysis of variance showed significant effect of interaction between water deficit stress and methanol rates of foliar applications on seed yield per plant, dry weight per plant, number of seeds per head (p<0.01) and percentage of seed per fruit (p<0.05). The highest (96.69 g/plant) and the lowest (67.78 g/plant) seed yields were related to the 21% [v/v] foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation and control (without methanol application) in severe stress respectively (seed yield increase of about 42%). 21% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation also resulted in highest ( 53.34 g) and 0% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under severe stress in the lowest (31.42 g) oil yield per plant (69% increase). Also, 21% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation resulted in highest (465.4 g) and in severe stress had the lowest (191.5 g) dry weight per plant (a 2.4 fold increase in dry seed weight). Besides,the highest seed number per head was related to 21% (v/v) methanol foliar application under normal irrigation. Using 21% (v/v) methanol foliar application under normal irrigation increased seed number per head by 2/3 times in comparison with that of control under severe drought stress. The results also proved that 14% (v/v) foliar application of methanol under normal irrigation did increase seed (achene) yield by 32% and reduced percentage of ovary wall to seed by 2/1 fold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Yield and Oil Percentage of Safflower Cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Spring and Summer Planting Seasons Affected by Drought Stress
Gholam Hossein Shir esmaeili Ali Akbar Maghsudi mood Gholam Reza Khajueinejad Ruhollah AbdoshahiTo investigate the effects of drought stress on yield and oil percentage of safflower, an experiment was carried in split split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications during spring and summer planting seasons at Kaboutarabad Agricultural R MoreTo investigate the effects of drought stress on yield and oil percentage of safflower, an experiment was carried in split split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications during spring and summer planting seasons at Kaboutarabad Agricultural Research Station of Isfahan in 2015. The main factor consisted of two planting seasons (spring and summer), the sub-factor comprised of three irrigation treatments (normal irrigating from sowing to plant maturity as control, irrigation up to the beginning of flowering and irrigation up to seed filling period) and the sub-sub factor were ten safflower cultivars (Sofeh, Goldasht, Sina, Faraman, Mec117, Mec295, Mec18, Mec11, Mec7 and Mec27). The results showed that irrigation treatments had significant effects on leaf area index, relative water content, plant dry weight and grain yield. Drought stress reduced these traits. Drought stress had not significant effect on oil percentage while oil yield because of reduction of grain yield. The highest yield of oil belonged to Sofeh cultivar. Oil yield in irrigation treatments during seed filling and flowering period decreased by 26% and 46%, respectively as compared to control. Results showed that all cultivars in summer planting had lower grain and oil yield due to increasing of temperature as compare to spring planting. Although the oil percentage in summer planting was about 1% higher than spring planting, but due to lower grain yield, oil yield decreased by 60% during summer planting. Sofa and Mec11 cultivars produced the highest and lowest oil yields with 803 and 530 kg.ha -1 , respectively. Also, Sofa cultivar had the highest grain yield in both of planting seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Evaluation of the Response of Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars to Delay Sowing Dates
Asadolah Zareei Siahbidi Abbas Rezaeizad Ashkan Asgari Amir Hosein Shirani RadResponse of sowing date on some agronomic traits of spring canola cultivars was studied by using a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design, during growing seasons of 2014 to 2016 at the research farm of Islamabad Gharb Station, Iran. Planting dat MoreResponse of sowing date on some agronomic traits of spring canola cultivars was studied by using a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design, during growing seasons of 2014 to 2016 at the research farm of Islamabad Gharb Station, Iran. Planting dates were considered as the main plot in three levels from October 7 to 27 and eleven spring canola cultivars as sub plot. In both years, planting dates of October 27 after emergence due to cold and frost was eliminated and the results of analysis of variance were carried out for two planting dates of October 7 and October 17. The results showed that the effect of planting date was significant on the seed yield. Mean seed yield of cultivars were 3738 kg.ha-1 on October 7th and 2245 kg.ha-1 on October17th, respectively. The cultivar Jerry produced the highest (4123 kg.ha-1) and the RGS003 lowest seed yields (2464 kg.ha-1). On planting date 7th of October, the highest seed yield was related to Jerry cultivar and the lowest seed yield was related to the Hyola 401 cultivar (1794 kg.ha-1) on the 17th of October. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Response of Chlorophyll, Relative Water Content and Protein Percentage of Safflower Leaves to Salinity and Foliar Calcium, Potassium and Magnesium Applications
Mahmood Attarzadeh Asghar Rahimi Benyamin TorabiTo study the effect of Ca, K, and Mn foliar spray on chlorophyll and relative water contents of safflower (cv. Padideh) leaves under salinity condition a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Vali-e-Asr U MoreTo study the effect of Ca, K, and Mn foliar spray on chlorophyll and relative water contents of safflower (cv. Padideh) leaves under salinity condition a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Vali-e-Asr University Greenhouse in 2011. Factors were salinity with four levels: 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg NaCl kg -1, and foliar spraying of plants with four levels: distilled water, 10 mM CaNo3, 10 mM K2HPO4 and 1 mM MnSo4. Spraying were applied two weeks after emergence and continued every 2 weeks. Results showed that 1500 mg NaCl reduced SPAD value, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content. However, increasing salinity induced higher leaf water saturation. Foliar spraying of plants with MnSO4, K2HPO4 and CaNo3 nutrients, also reduced SPAD value. Foliar application of plants with Ca(NO3)2 increased leaf protein in 500 mg NaCl and without salinity. Application of MnSo4 increased chlorophyll b, a+b and also chlorophyll a (in 500 mg NaCl). Thus, in respect to the positive role of calcium and manganese in the production and preservation of chlorophyll and protein, foliar spray application can be a suitable strategy to reduce crop losses under salinity conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - The Effects of Water Deficit Stress on Some Morphological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Armavirsky Cultivar Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
E. Abbasi Seyahjani F. Farhvash H. Kazemi Arbat M.B. Khorshidi BenamTo investigate the effects of water deficit on some morphological characteristics and grain yieldof Armavirsky sunflower cultivar, an experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch with three MoreTo investigate the effects of water deficit on some morphological characteristics and grain yieldof Armavirsky sunflower cultivar, an experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch with three replications. Five levels of drought stress consisted: (D1=50, D2=100, D3=150, D4=200 and D5=250 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Results showed that grain yields were 5486, 4480, 3080, 2460 and 2260 kg per hectare for D1 to D5 respectively. Increasing water deficit levels decreased grain yield, oil percentage, no. of grain per head, 100 seed weight, dry weight, stem diameter, head diameter, leaf area index, relative water content, chlorophyll content. While increased adaixial stomata number, percentage of empty seed and stomatal resistance. However, the differences between D1 and D2 were only significant for 100 grain weight, empty seed percentage, and no. of grain per head; It seems that these traits begin to increase after flowering; thus, if can be suggested that early irrigations of Armavirsky up to flowering may be carried out by D2 and then after by D1 levels to optimize seed yield and prevent significant decrease in other attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Effect of Humic Acid and Phosphorus on the Quantity and Quality of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Yield
A.A Farjami, S.M. Nabavi KalatTo evaluate the effect of humic acid and phosphorus on the quantity and quality of marigold yield an experiment was conducted at Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran, in cropping season 2010-2011. The experiment was in split plot base MoreTo evaluate the effect of humic acid and phosphorus on the quantity and quality of marigold yield an experiment was conducted at Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran, in cropping season 2010-2011. The experiment was in split plot based on randomized complete block design, with four replications. The main plots were humic acid in four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha) and sub plots were phosphorus (P2O5) in three levels (40, 60 and 80 kg/ha). The result showed that the highest dry flower yield (158.4 g/m2), flower number (1356 per m2), essential oil (0.55%), active ingredient of flower (0.31%), obtained in humic acid (10 kg/ha) and phosphorus (60kg/ha). The results also revalued that highest grain yield (133.8 g/m2) and seed oil (0.41%) obtained when (5 kg/ha) humic acid and 80kg/ha phosphorus were used. Based on this study, humic acid (10 kg/ha) and phosphorus (60kg/ha) may result in higher yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Evaluation of Yield, Harvest Index, and Water Use Efficiency of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Different Treatments of Irrigation and Sowing Date
Arameh Zand-Silakhoor Hamid Madani Hossein Heidari Sharifabadi Mojtaba Mahmoudi Ghorban NourmohamadIn order to evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting date on yield, water use efficiency, and harvest index of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffa L.), an experiment was conducted in form of split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in Karaj in MoreIn order to evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting date on yield, water use efficiency, and harvest index of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffa L.), an experiment was conducted in form of split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in Karaj in 2017. Experimental treatments included irrigation round (Irrigation intervals of 8, 10, and 12 days) as a main plot, andplanting date treatments at three levels of 4th June, 18th June, and 2th July as a sub-plot. Results showed that the main effect of irrigation treatments was significant on all traits except harvest index. Planting date had a significant effect only on plant height, stem diameter, biological yield, flower water use efficiency, and sepal water use efficiency. The interaction of irrigation treatment levels and planting date only made a significant difference in biomass water use efficiency. Also, the flower harvest index was not affected by any of the applied treatments.The greatest plant height (181.2 cm), stem diameter (2.91 cm) and biological yield (14.6 t.ha-1) were obtained in the irrigation interval of 8 days. The highest sepal water use efficiency of (0.18 g.L-1), flower water use efficiency (0.034 g.L-1) and sepal harvest index (11.12 %) were observed in the irrigation interval of 12 days. The irrigation interval of 10 days had the highest sepal yield (1.59 t.ha-1) and flower yield (307.7 kg.ha-1).Delay in planting caused a decrease of 12, 16, and 7% in plant height, stem diameter, and biological yield, respectively and increase in the sepal water use efficiency and biological yield water use efficiency by 22 and 20%, respectively compared to optimum planting time. The highest biological yield water use efficiency (2.41 g.L-1) was obtained in irrigation interval of 12 days and one month delay in planting. Based on the obtained results, irrigation interval of 10 days is recommended to achieve maximum flower yield and sepal yield, increase the flower water use efficiency and sepal harvest index. Also, in order to shorten the cultivation period and save water consumption, the date of 18th June is recommended for plant cultivation in Karaj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Changes of Germination Properties, Photosynthetic Pigments and Anti Oxidant Enzymes Activity of Safflower as Affected by Drought and Salinity Stresses
علیرضا Sirousmehr J. Bardel S. MohammadiTo evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both MoreTo evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both laboratory and greenhouse of Zabol University with four replications. To expose the plants to drought (0, -6 and -8 bars) and salinity stresses (5, 10 and 15 ds.m-1) PEG 6000 and NaCl were used respectively. The results indicated that the effects of factors on germination percentage and rate, chlorophyll a and b contents and antioxidants enzymes activities were significant. The result of laboratory study revealed a reduction in percentage and speed of germination when plants exposed to negative osmotic potential. Photosynthetic pigments of plant leaves grown in greenhouse significantly decreased by increasing drought and salinity stresses. Increasing drought stress along with soluble salts changed the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. Enzymes’ activity of both CAT and GPX were increased when the plants expose to PEG drought stress, but decreased against the levels of salt stress. APX activity also increased due to drought stress. Interactive effects of drought×salinity stresses indicated that under lower stress GPX enzymes increased salinity, and under severe stress APX was highly increased. It means the production and activity of plant defensive system like these enzymes in recent tensions and leads to protect or make plants tolerate against oxidative stress induced by drought and salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Top-dressing of Potassium Fertilizers on Safflower
Neginsadat Amir Khalili Alidad Amiri Behzadi Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh SajiraniTo determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capit MoreTo determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capitulum, number of side branch per plant, seed yield, seed oil content, oil yield, seed to coat ratio, plant height and shoot dry weight in three safflower, genotypes including KW.2, Padideh and Goldasht a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was conducted during 2013 growing season at the Agricultural Research Center of Semnan province (Shahroud). Results showed that the highest average of number of seeds per capitulum (28.70), number of side branch per plant (17.83) and seed to coat ratio (1.47) were found in KW.2 genotype. The highest seed yield (2627.7 kg/ha) and oil yield (1350.5 kg/ha) were found from potassium sulphate foliar application in Padideh and KW.2 genotypes respectively. The interaction effect of genotype × potassium foliar application was significant for seed and oil yields. In conclusion, it was determined that potassium sulphate foliar application has better impacts on seed and oil yield of safflower genotypes than potassium top-dressing application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Evaluating Some Physiological Characteristics of Safflower Cultivars )Carthamus tinctorius L.( Under Water Deficit Stress and Brassionosteroide Application
Mahnaz Zafari Ali Ebadi Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh godehahriz Mohammad SedghiTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Rese MoreTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Water stress was in three levels: 80 mm evaporation (normal irrigation); 120 mm evaporation (low water stress); 160 mm evaporation (high water stress) from evaporation pan of class A which were assigned to main plots and three cultivars of safflower (Goldasht, Spiny Sina and Faraman) and two levels of Brassinosteroid, control and 10 -7 mol. in sub plots. The reasults showed that water stress decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, sub-stomatal CO2, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), seed yield, leaf soluble protein and transpiration rate. The results also showed that use of brassinosteriod, increased photosynthetic parameters and reduced transpiration. Irrigation at evaporation of 80 mm from pan, resulted in the maximom amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to the Faraman cultivar, sub-stomatal CO2 to Sina spiny cultivar and chlorophyll content index (SPAD) to Goldasht cultivar. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to Goldasht cultivar, while the highest sub-stomatal CO2, belonged to Sina spiny. Irrigation at 160 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and the sub-stomatal CO2 to Goldasht cultivar. It seems that Goldasht cultivar under both mild and severe drought stresses tolerates drought better than the other two cultivars in Ardabil rigion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Response of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Agronomic Characteristics to Time, Rate and Methods of Nitrogen Applications
MOHAMMAD MIRZAKHANITo investigate the response of safflower agronomic characteristics to time, rate and method of nitrogen applications, an experiment was carried out at the research Field of Payaam Nour Arak University in Markazi province during 2011. A factorial arrangement of treatment MoreTo investigate the response of safflower agronomic characteristics to time, rate and method of nitrogen applications, an experiment was carried out at the research Field of Payaam Nour Arak University in Markazi province during 2011. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Time of nitrogen treatment was with three levels (half in planting date + half in rosette stage), (half in rosette stage + half in stem elongation) and (half in stem elongation + half in boll forming stage), urea application was two levels (150 and 300 kg.ha-1) and method of application was with three levels (mixed with soil, used in irrigation water and foliar application). Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows and 5 cm between plants on the rows. Results indicated that the effect of application time on the characteristics like: height of branch, number of sub-branches, number of seeds per m-2, number of seeds per plant, biological yield of bolls, seed yield of bolls, harvest index of bolls were significant. The effect of nitrogen treatment rates on branch height, number of sub-branches, number of seeds per m-2, number of seeds per plant, biological yield of boll, harvest index of boll, and nitrogen use efficiency were also significant. Mean nitrogen use efficiencies for foliar application was 63.27% and for soil mixed application was 6.86%. Thus, it seems that foliar application of urea not only decreases environmental but also increases nitrogen use efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Jihad marriage; heresy or tradition From the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence and secular movements
saed hsan abadean kalghran Ahmad Moradkhani Seyyed_Mohammad_Mehdi Ahmadi zainab mohammadimarriage jihad ; heresy or tradition from islamic jurisprudence and takfiri islamic jurisprudence .abstract : " " marriage jihad " " is a challenge which has been issued from some religious orders from one side of the security and peace of the islamic society on the one Moremarriage jihad ; heresy or tradition from islamic jurisprudence and takfiri islamic jurisprudence .abstract : " " marriage jihad " " is a challenge which has been issued from some religious orders from one side of the security and peace of the islamic society on the one hand threatening islam and muslims to the world . since this fatwa has profound implications in the two domains of thoughts and behavior for the islamic world and one of the factors affecting the long - term presence of takfiri jihadists in the region , therefore , the present study intends to investigate the jurisprudence judgment of marriage jihad from the viewpoint of islamic sects , and whether such a fatwa is a tradition or a heresy . this research , using descriptive and analytical method and by studying the verses of jurists and fatwas of jurists , proves that such punishments are not only compatible with any one of the pillars and regulations of the religious matrimony , but the shiite scholars have not confirmed the authenticity of such claims , but they can not agree with any of islamic jurisprudence rules .key words : marriage jihad, heresy , tradition , religious opinion , takfiri flow . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - بررسی کاربرد فعالیت های مشارکتی برای بهبود تجربیات جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان مرد و زن زبان انگلیسی
سید حسین کاشف هانیه خیریمطالعه حاضر تلاش کرد تا میزان تأثیرگذاری فعالیت های مشارکتی و جنسیت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی را بر تجربیات جریان ذهنی آنها تعیین کند. بدین منظور، ابتدا پژوهشگران 56 زبان آموز سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی را در دو کلاس درس (بدون تغییر اعضای کلاس ها) در یک موسسه زبان خصوصی در ا Moreمطالعه حاضر تلاش کرد تا میزان تأثیرگذاری فعالیت های مشارکتی و جنسیت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی را بر تجربیات جریان ذهنی آنها تعیین کند. بدین منظور، ابتدا پژوهشگران 56 زبان آموز سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی را در دو کلاس درس (بدون تغییر اعضای کلاس ها) در یک موسسه زبان خصوصی در ارومیه (ایران) به عنوان شرکت کننده ها انتخاب کردند. دوم پژوهشگران به طور تصادفی کلاس ها را به یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل اختصاص دادند. سوم، آنها از یک پرسشنامه وضعیت جریان ذهنی برای تعیین تجربیات جریان ذهنی شرکت کنندگان قبل از شروع مطالعه استفاده کردند. چهارم، آنها در طی 12 جلسه آموزش فعالیت های مشارکتی زبان را به گروه آزمایشی ارائه کردند. با این وجود، پژوهشگران این نوع آموزش را در گروه کنترل ارائه ندادند. در نهایت، آنها پرسشنامه وضعیت جریان ذهنی را دوباره به گروه ها ارائه کردند تا کارایی فعالیت های مشارکتی را برای تقویت تجربیات جریان ذهنی شرکت کنندگان ارزیابی کنند. نتایج نشان داد که این فعالیت ها تأثیر مفیدی بر وضعیت جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان داشت. علاوه بر این، بر اساس نتایج، تجربیات جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان زن در مقایسه با تجربیات جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان مرد به طور مثبتتری تحت تأثیر فعالیت های مشارکتی قرار گرفت. نتایج بهدستآمده ممکن است مربیان معلم های زبان انگلیسی، طراحان برنامه درسی و محققان را قادر سازد تا وضعیت جریان ذهنی را در طول فرآیند فراگیری زبان مورد توجه قرار دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Comparative evaluation of immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in two strains of BALB/c and DBA/2 mice : Preclinical study
ramin farhoudi delaram doroud GOLSHID javdani mohammad hosin hedayatiStreptococcus pneumoniae is easily transmitted from humans to animals and causes pneumonia, especially in horses. Extensive human vaccination prevents the transmission of the disease to the horse host. The immunogenicity of a vaccine is evaluated by various methods. The MoreStreptococcus pneumoniae is easily transmitted from humans to animals and causes pneumonia, especially in horses. Extensive human vaccination prevents the transmission of the disease to the horse host. The immunogenicity of a vaccine is evaluated by various methods. The aim of this study was to design a test to evaluate the immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as part of pre-clinical studies of vaccine production. After culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F in blood agar medium, the obtained colonies were labeled using fluorescence dye. On the other hand, the serum of BALB/c and DBA/2 mice immunized with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine was collected to determine antibodies with phagocytosis properties against Streptococcus pneumoniae. After proximity of serum dilutions with labeled bacteria, the ability of bacteria to phagocytosis by serum opsonins (opsonophagocytosis) was read by adding mouse macrophage cells by flow cytometry. In both strains, the percentage of cells in the serum that phagocytosed the bacterium decreased with decreasing serum dilution. Opsonophagocytic titers were reported 128 in BALB/c mice and 64 in DBA/2 mice. On the other hand, flow cytometry results were significantly different from the results of manual colony count test (r = 0.89, p≤0.001). According to the results of the present study, the BALB/c strain of mice was a better host to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. Also, using flow cytometry method has more advantages than manual assay method. As a result, the data of this study bring us one step closer to producing an effective vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Examining the psychometric features of Academic Flow Questionnaire in Students
Farrokhroo Jalili Mozhgan Arefi Amir Ghomrani Golamreza ManeshiFlow occurs when individuals are engaged in controllable but challenging activities and tasks which Requires considerable skill and associates with intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The current study aims to consider psychometric features (reliability and v MoreFlow occurs when individuals are engaged in controllable but challenging activities and tasks which Requires considerable skill and associates with intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The current study aims to consider psychometric features (reliability and validity) of Martin & Jackson’s flow short scale (2008) in academic field. Research plan is descriptive cross -sectional and 291 students of Farhangian University Southern Khorasan branch participated voluntarily in this study. Persian version was presented via translation and back translation. Reliability of scale and construct validity were evaluated by internal consistency, split-have’s method and correlation with academic motivation scale (intrinsic motivation and a motivation Dimension), respectively. Total internal consistency coefficient of scale according to Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.85 and Gutman coefficient for assessing reliability was obtained 0.82. Positive correlation of this scale with internal motivation (0.83) is representative of convergent validity and its correlation with a motivation (-0.85) is demonstrator of divergent validity of scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirms single- factor structure. Results obtained from present study showed that Persian version of flow scale in academic field enjoys good validity and reliability, foresaid scale can be used to consider students’ academic flow in teaching – learning situations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Explaining and Developing a Model for Determination and Evaluation of Factors that Affect Financial Reporting Quality Choice in Iran
Hashem Nikoomaram Younes Badavar NahandiThis research has determined and evaluated the factors that affect financial reporting quality choice in Iran. The statistical popultion of this research is companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), and the research period is from 1378 to 1385. This research  MoreThis research has determined and evaluated the factors that affect financial reporting quality choice in Iran. The statistical popultion of this research is companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), and the research period is from 1378 to 1385. This research is considered as an empirical accounting research, and causal-comparative and correlation research methods have been used to do it. In this research, correlation test, mean-difference test, and probit regression model have been used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of unit-variable tests of hypotheses shows that, financial reporting quality is positively associated with the margin of profitability and managerial efficiency of the firm, and it is negatively associated with product market competition, managerial conservatism, size, capital intensity of business, operating cycle and complexity of the firm's operating environment. However, no association was found between financial reporting quality and growth opportunities, ownership concentration, board of directors structure, board of directors ownership, managerial integrity and financial leverage of the firm. Also, based on multi-variable tests, models were developed to predict the financial reporting quality of firms for the next financial period. These models are based on cumulative distribution function (CDF), and estimate the probability of high quality financial reporting for the next financial period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Identification of Factors Affecting the Observance of the Optimal Water Consumption Pattern in Iran (Case Study of Fanuj City)
Rostam Saberifar navid arbabiAchieving safe and sufficient water is one of the biggest challenges for Iran and many countries in the world, especially in the Middle East. Among the many solutions, consumption pattern management is considered one of the most popular. For this purpose, this study was MoreAchieving safe and sufficient water is one of the biggest challenges for Iran and many countries in the world, especially in the Middle East. Among the many solutions, consumption pattern management is considered one of the most popular. For this purpose, this study was conducted in Fanuj city of Sistan and Baluchestan province as one of the most critical cities in Iran. The study was descriptive and analytical in a survey and correlational manner. The required sample was selected using 300 Cochran's formula. According to this sample size, 95% confidence level and 5% standard error rate were determined. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation test in SPSS software. The results showed that among the methods of controlling water consumption, the highest effect is related to changing people's attitudes, especially the attitudes of young people. So that young people, by creating a flow in social networks, not only make the biggest changes, but also have the highest effect on changing the attitude of families. According to the study, students reduced their per capita consumption from 151 liters per day to about 140 liters over a six-month period. Therefore, it is recommended to pay more attention to this group in future policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Network Analysis of Spatial Flows in Zanjan City
Kolsum Yarmohammadi Ali Panahi Rasol SamadzadehOver the past few decades, we have seen a change in the view of planners and geographers from a place-based and basic attribute view to a network-based approach and based interaction. Therefore, rural and urban areas cannot be examined separately in studies and planning MoreOver the past few decades, we have seen a change in the view of planners and geographers from a place-based and basic attribute view to a network-based approach and based interaction. Therefore, rural and urban areas cannot be examined separately in studies and planning. And it needs to be checked in a network way. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to identify spatial flows between urban and rural relations in Zanjan city. The present research is based on the nature of discovery and based on the method, descriptive-analytical. The required data and information have been collected using the field method, questioning technique and with the questionnaire tool and the information of different administrative agencies of the city. In the next step, the collected data and information are analyzed in the NodeXL software environment. The results of the research showed that the city of Zanjan is in the first position of attracting flows within and outside the city due to its high level of services, shopping and selling market, in the city of Zanjan, so that all flows go to the city of Zanjan. It has become polar and is the strongest current in the city. Also, the results of the flow analysis indicate that the flow pattern is one-way relations towards Zanjan city and complementary, two-way and synergistic links have not been formed at the city level. This pattern is in accordance with the growth pole theory and is still far from the regional network pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Effect of Heat Treatment Time on the Characteristics of Coating Formed on Nanocrystalline Finemet Foils
Sima Mirzaei Ali Jazayeri Gharehbagh -
Open Access Article
320 - Effect of Tool Pin Shape on Defect-Free FSP and Particles Distribution in SiC/Al6061 Composites
Morteza Ezzati Parviz Asadi Mostafa Akbari -
Open Access Article
321 - Bimetal friction stir welding of aluminum to magnesium
P Pourahmad M Abbasi H.A Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
322 - Influence of Initial Microstructure on Hot Deformation Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels
M Pouyamanesh B Eghbali Gh. R Ebrahimi M Saadati -
Open Access Article
323 - Sensitivity analysis of rivers in arid regions to changes in atmospheric elements under climate change conditions Case study: Central catchment area of Iran
forozan esvandzibaie Manochehr Farajzadeh asl Yousef GhavidelIn recent decades, climatic variables have become more pronounced, making the flow rate sensitive to these changes. This study used climatic data of 39 synoptic stations and nine hydrometric stations in the statistical period of 1994-2015 and prospective data of 2021-20 MoreIn recent decades, climatic variables have become more pronounced, making the flow rate sensitive to these changes. This study used climatic data of 39 synoptic stations and nine hydrometric stations in the statistical period of 1994-2015 and prospective data of 2021-2080. Maan Kendall test in MATLAB environment has been used to detect annual changes. Maan Kendall statistics, Sen's slope estimates, and coefficient variation have been used from the relevant formulas in the Excel environment. The results show that the trend of precipitation in region 1, temperature in region 7, and evapotranspiration in basin eight are increasing, and the most changes in flow sensitivity analysis to precipitation changes in region 8, the temperature in regions 3 and 8, and the results of sensitivity analysis to evapotranspiration parameter It is different. The temperature in the three scenarios studied had a significant upward trend, and the changes in precipitation were different in different regions, and the most changes in the decrease in precipitation were in regions 1 and 4. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The Influence of Synoptic Flows on Sea Breeze in Caspian Sea Southern Coasts
ghasem Azizi Jafar Masoompour Samakosh Faramarz Khoshakhlagh Abbas Ranjbar SaadatabadiSea breeze is a local circulation taking place over the coastal areas. This phenomenon is as a result of the thermal dissimilarity between the land and sea. The study of SB characteristics in relation to synoptic-scale flows is important due to their influence on precip MoreSea breeze is a local circulation taking place over the coastal areas. This phenomenon is as a result of the thermal dissimilarity between the land and sea. The study of SB characteristics in relation to synoptic-scale flows is important due to their influence on precipitation, air pollution transport and diffusion and intensity of convection. The focus of this paper is on sea breeze (SB) characteristics during May-September and the effect of synoptic prevailing winds on this phenomenon in the Caspian Sea Southern Coasts. The data set including 168-days sea breeze for a period of 17-years (1990-2006) were determined over the southern coasts of Caspian Sea. All days under the study were investigated in order to determine the type of flows in the sea level and at the 850-hPa, and their impacts on the sea breeze as well as sea breeze developing towards the land. In order to obtain the best results, we employed the outputs of TAMP model as well. The wind regimes were classified into 2 categories (onshore and offshore). Finally, the main characteristics of sea breeze were tested include Mean lag of the SB passage, wind speed and direction at the onset time, Mean duration of the SB and sea breeze developing towards the land. It is found that in comparison with onshore synoptic flows, offshore flows postpone arrival and termination of SBs. On the contrary, the strong onshore flows accelerate the start of sea breeze. Three simulations presented in the case study confirmed the effect of sea surface colder temperature and thermal difference between land-sea across the coast on the weakness and strength of the sea breeze circulation; it means that when the offshore synoptic wind flow is mild and gentle, the thermal gradient of sea-land appears which is necessary for the beginning or end of the sea breeze circulation. The results showed when the prevailing synoptic winds oppose the sea breeze, the effectiveness and power of the sea breeze depends strongly on the inter-diurnal variations of the synoptic pressure gradient and temperature gradient between the land and sea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Measurement of Generated Stemflow for the Quercus Castaneifolia C.A.M and Acer Velutinum Boiss trees in the Growth Area of Hyrcanian Forests
Saywan Nikkhah Seyed Mohsen Hosayni Abdolvahed Khaledi Darvishan omid FathizadehIn this paper amounts of stemflow for the Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M and Acer velutinum Boiss trees were investigated during the leafy and leafless period in the campus of the faculty of Natural Resources of Tarbiat Modares University, in Mazandaran province Noor city. MoreIn this paper amounts of stemflow for the Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M and Acer velutinum Boiss trees were investigated during the leafy and leafless period in the campus of the faculty of Natural Resources of Tarbiat Modares University, in Mazandaran province Noor city. Stemflow was collected by spiral pipes installed at the breast height and amount of total rainfall was measured using 5 rainfall collectors at the nearest open space. Measurement of rainfall and steamflow for 4 times at leafy period with total of 114 mm and for 7 times at leafless period with total of 119 mm performed. Average amount of stemflow for the Oak and maple trees were 0.64 and 5.7 percent of total rainfall respectively for the leafy period and for the leafless period 0.62 and 7.65 percent of total rainfall measured. The results showed that in both periods and both species, there was a significant positive correlation between the stemflow and the amount of rainfall. Also, according to the results of this study relationship between stemflow over rainfall for the:Oak in leafless period (R2=0.85) is stronger than leafy period (R2=0.35), whereas for the maple both period of leafless (R2=0.67) and leafy (R2=0.92) period relatively strong relationship between the rainfall over stemflow observed. Generally, according to this paper for the:Oak, due to the grooved and rough skin, stemflow share of rainfall averagely 9 times more than maple obtained. Although the study indicated that maple is more than that of oak produced Stemflow because was found to be highly correlated with higher bark water storage capacity as well as higher bark roughness of the oak trees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - The effect of Benzyladenin on reducing lipid peroxidation and carotenoids in Lilium oriental. cv belladonna
Reyhane Arefnia Abdolah Hatamzadeh mahmood ghasemnezhadIn order to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray with Benzyladenin (BA) on improving flower quality and delaying flower and leaf senescence in Lilium oriental, a study was carried out as a spilt plot factorial experiment where 5 levels of Benzyladenin (0, 25, 50, 75 MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray with Benzyladenin (BA) on improving flower quality and delaying flower and leaf senescence in Lilium oriental, a study was carried out as a spilt plot factorial experiment where 5 levels of Benzyladenin (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) with three replications and two stages of spraying (budding start and before dyeing buds). Assaying the traits were done in seventh and twelfth two-days after harvest. The flowers were sprayed at two stages, budding and before flowering in the bud stage. Distilled water was used as control. Characteristics such as flower shelf life and lipid peroxidation in petals and leaves on seventh and twelfth days after harvest and carotenoids contents of petals on seventh and twelfth days after harvest were measured. Results showed that spraying with 100 ppm BA at the beginning of flower pigmentation was more effective in delaying senescence in flowers and leaves as compared to the control. Lipid peroxidation in leaves and flowers treated with 100 ppm BA application was significantly lower than the control. In contrast, carotenoid content of flowers sprayed with 100 ppm BA was higher and the lowest values were found in the control. In total, it was found that BA maintains stability by improving the quality and prolonging the flowers’ survival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat KohsarAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village MoreAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Effect of silicon oxide and salicylic acid on yield, yield components, and some biochemical properties of Persian melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)
mojtaba salahiostad malihe morshedloo Mohammad MoghaddamThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar MoreThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) and root drowning in the aqueous solution of silicon oxide at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g/L). The measured traits were the number of days to flowering, average fruit weight, average fruit production per plant, fruit number per plant, final yield, total phenol, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. Results showed that the highest fruit yield, total carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the interaction effect of 2 mM salicylic acid spray with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide application. The amount of proline and total phenol increased in 2 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 g/L silicon oxide treatment compared to control. In this experiment, foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide were superior to other treatments in the most measured traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Study of protein pattern, antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of cadmium in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) treated with cadmium and salicylic acid
Sakineh MoradkhaniIn order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and w MoreIn order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and were planted in pots containing sandy soil in a growth chamber with a temperature of 34 ℃ during the day and 25 ℃ at night, and 16/8 hours of light/dark photoperiod. This research was performed as a factorial completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. Sunflower plants were exposed to cadmium chloride treatment (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) at two-leaf stage on a weekly basis. One week after cadmium treatment, plant leaves were sprayed with salicylic acid (0, 250 and 500 µM). After harvesting the plants, cadmium concentrations in roots and shoots were measured. Then, antioxidant enzymes were assayed. Total protein content of leaf samples was extracted and the pattern of leaf protein changes was investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Cadmium concentration in roots and shoots increased with increasing cadmium and salicylic acid treatment. Catalase enzyme activity decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, and salicylic acid had a very small effect on its activity. The activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase enzymes increased with increasing cadmium concentration while increasing salicylic acid concentration reduced the activity of these enzymes. Leaf protein electrophoresis under cadmium and salicylic acid treatments showed differences in leaf protein intensity compared with control plants. The expression of some proteins was increased or decreased in the treated plants. Therefore, cadmium and salicylic acid treatments made changes in the amount of cadmium uptake, antioxidant enzymes activity, and the pattern of sunflower leaf proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The study Effect of teratments salicylic acid and selenium on physiological and agronomic characteristics of safflower in drought stress conditions
saedeh rashidyIn order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and selenium foliar application on physiological characteristics and yield and yield components of safflower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete blo MoreIn order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and selenium foliar application on physiological characteristics and yield and yield components of safflower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main factor included irrigation in three levels, complete irrigation during growing season (control), cutting irrigation at 50 percent flowering stage and cutting irrigation at 50 percent head forming stage. Sub factor was considered foliar application of safflower plants including nonspraying (control), foliar application by salicylic acid, selenium and salicylic acid with selenium. Drought stress reduced biologic yield, yield components and grain yield, but it increased protein percentage, the superoxide dismutase activity and proline concentration. Also, the highest negative effect of drought tension was observed in flowering stage, so that stress at flowering stage reduced 49 percent grain yield and 33 percent biomass of safflower. Foliar application improved yield, yield components and superoxide dismutase activity compared to non-spraying (control). However, between foliar application treatments in grain yield and superoxide dismutase activity, no significant difference was observed, but foliar application of salicylic acid with 7198 kg ha-1 showed the highest biomass. The foliar application in stress and non-stress conditions increased grain oil percentage, so that in complete irrigation and flowering stage stress , the highest grain oil percentage was belonged to salicylic acid foliar application with 24 percent and salicylic acid foliar application with selenium 28 percent. The foliar application treatments increased proline concentration in stress conditions compared to control and at flowering stress stage, salicylic acid and selenium foliar application with 11 micro Mol per gram fresh plant weigh showed the highest proline concentration. Keywords: Grain yield, Oil percentage, Proline and Safflower. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - The Effects of sowing date and plant density on seed and flower yield of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
MJ Seghatoleslami gr MousaviMedicinal herbs have been used to promote health for centuries, and have increased in popularity and sales in the last 10-20 years. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal herb whose dried flower heads are used to heal wounds. In order to understand the e MoreMedicinal herbs have been used to promote health for centuries, and have increased in popularity and sales in the last 10-20 years. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal herb whose dried flower heads are used to heal wounds. In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on grain and flower yield of pot marigold, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch in 2005. Three sowing dates (30 March, 14 April and 30 April) and three plant densities (plant distances on row were 10, 20 and 30 centimeters) were compared in a split- plot design based on randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Seed and flower yield were significantly different at planting dates and plant densities. Sowing date had significant effects on flower and seed harvest index. The latest sowing date had the highest flower and seed harvest index. Plant density did not have any significant effect on flower harvest index, but the effect on seed harvest index, was significant. In total, the result showed that the first sowing date with 25plants/m2 had the highest grain and flower yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Essential oils from Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch from two local by Distillation methods
کامکار Jaimand mb Rezaee معصومه MazandraniThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation a MoreThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Path analysis of grain yield, its components, and some morphological characterstics in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
محمدرضا Dadashi, علیرضا Ahmadzade ابوالقاسم Mohammadi BandarKheyli بهرام AlizadeIn order to study the correlation between grain yield and its components with some morphological characterstics, an experiment was conducted at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University–Shabestar Branch in 2005. This experiment was ar MoreIn order to study the correlation between grain yield and its components with some morphological characterstics, an experiment was conducted at the research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University–Shabestar Branch in 2005. This experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, and 15 traits were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that significant difference exist among genotypes in almost traits. Positive and significant relationships were found among grain yield with plant height, hectoliter weight, biological yield and oil yield but non-significant relationship was seen among grain yield with number of head per plant and oil percentage. Stepwise regression and path coefficient analysis of grain yield as dependent variables indicated that plant height, number of seeds per head, 100-seed weight and hectoliter weight had positive and a high effect on the grain yield. The greatest effect was related to the 100-seed weight (0.352) and the least effect was from the number of head per plant (0.138) on grain yield. The main head weight and number of seed per head impacts the most changes on 100-seed weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Investigation of variation and determination of genetic distance among 25 genotypes of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
آزاد Khalili Mosavi رضا Taghizadeh, حمید Khazaei A.H Omidi TabriziSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the plants which has a high adaptation to different conditions such as resistance to drought and it is suited to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions. In this experiment, 25 genotypes of spring safflower including Iranian MoreSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the plants which has a high adaptation to different conditions such as resistance to drought and it is suited to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions. In this experiment, 25 genotypes of spring safflower including Iranian local genotyps and foreign cultivars were evaluated in a simple lattice Design (5x5) in 2004-2005 in Karaj. Different traits studied include: head number each plant, seeds each head, plant height, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, days to maturity, oil percentage, 1000 seed weight, seed and oil yields. The results showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields belonged to I.L.111 and T.N.612-A.Seed yield had positive and significant relationships with head number each plant, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, biomass and oil yields. Cluster analysis using Ward's method and Euclidian distances, classified the 25 genotype into three clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Chemical composition of three species of aromatic plants: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet, Polianthes tuberose L. and Rosa × damascena Herrm. by method of Headspace absorption
Mohammad Bagher Rezaee Kamkar JaimandRecent progress in preparing the aromatic fragrance with new technology, including methods of trapping by Headspace trapping techniques (HTT) can be cited. In this study the design and manufactured of fragrance absorption by Vacuum headspace (VHS) were recorded with aut MoreRecent progress in preparing the aromatic fragrance with new technology, including methods of trapping by Headspace trapping techniques (HTT) can be cited. In this study the design and manufactured of fragrance absorption by Vacuum headspace (VHS) were recorded with authors and then the device to absorb aromas (herbs) were selected in three aromatic species (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet; Polianthes tuberose L. and Rosa damascene Mill.) and the chemical compounds of absorb aromas were analyzed by by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the chrysanthenone (28.8%), santolina ( 22.9% ), undecanal (21.9%) and n-tridecane (11.9% ) were the main volatile components identified in Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet while in Rosa × damascena Herrm. Include: santolina (65%) (E)-2-hexenal (18%) and cis-pinene hydrate (3.5%.). In finaly the 2,4-(E, E)-hexadienal (83.4%), 3-octanol acetate (3.8%) and propyl butyrate (3.6% ) were the main component in Polianthes tuberose L. respectively. According to these results, data were confirmed that in this method we can distinguish these aromatic compounds from plants economically with this technique are advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Evaluation of foliar-applied salicylic acid effect on phytochemical traits of the alcoholic extract from different parts of Verbascum songaricum Schrenk.
Alireza Ghahramani Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti hamid mozafari Davood Habibi behzad SaniVerbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active MoreVerbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active ingredients of medicinal plants. In order to evaluate the foliar-applied salicylic acid on phytochemical properties of the leaf and flower of mulch, the present study was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the field of research center for medicinal plants of Shahrekord during 2016 and 2017. Foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (control, 0.5 and 1 mM /L) was applied on the flower in three replications in three growth stages of plant. Total phenol content (TPC) in the leaves and flowers was determined by spectrophotometric method and the phenolic acid amount was determined based on gallic acid and flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in the extracts by HPLC. According to the results, the effect of salicylic acid on the TPC, phenolic acid and flavonoids in the flower (as the main part of plant) extract of the plant was significant. In conclusion, the foliar application of salicylic acid promotes of polyphenolic compounds by 26% in the amount of flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in flowers and 20% in the amount of phenolic acids (gallic acid) in flowers of Verbascum songaricum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Investigation of the Effect of Fulvic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Amount of Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid and Some Other Phytochemical Traits in the Aerial Parts and Roots of Coneflower
mehrnoosh karimi خدایار همتی nastaran hemmatiConeflower (Echinacea purpurea) is a plant that its organs, especially its roots, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of fulvic acid and methyl jasmonate on some morphophysiolo MoreConeflower (Echinacea purpurea) is a plant that its organs, especially its roots, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of fulvic acid and methyl jasmonate on some morphophysiological and biochemical traits of root and aerial herbal parts of coneflower. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 1396-1397. Treatments included: fulvic acid at three levels (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm) and methyl jasmonate at four levels (0, 90, 100 and 110 μM) in two tissues (root and herbal part). The measured variables included: total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acis. Plant samples were extracted by methanol and biochemical traits measured by spectrophotometer and HPLC. The results showed that the treatments and their interactions biochemical traits (except for the effect of fulvic acid on total flavonoid and antioxidant activity) were significant at one and five percent probability level. Also based on the results of mean comparison, the highest amount of chlorogenic acid (7.46 mg/g) was observed at 110 mM methyl jasmonate and 1000 ppm fulvic acid and the maximum amount of caffeic acid (28 mg/g) was observed at 110 μM of methyl jasmonate and 1000 ppm of fulvic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from different organs of Ferula tabasensis Rech. f. in the natural habitats of Yazd
Razieh MohebatNowadays, considering the side effects of synthetic antibiotics and the increase in drug resistance, it is a necessity to replace them by natural compounds as safe sources. For this purpose, Studies have been carried out on the medicinal properties of essential oils of MoreNowadays, considering the side effects of synthetic antibiotics and the increase in drug resistance, it is a necessity to replace them by natural compounds as safe sources. For this purpose, Studies have been carried out on the medicinal properties of essential oils of different Ferula L. species, but there was no report Ferula tabasensis Rech. f. as an Iranian endemic species. In this research, the leaves and flowers of Ferula tabasensis were harvested from its main habitat (between Kharanaq and Saghand – elevation 1570 m) at the full-flowering stage in the spring of 2021. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus). GC and GC/MS were used to analyze chemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by broth dilution method, and the growth inhibitory zone diameter (mm) was also measured. The yields of essential oils from the leaves and flowers of the plant were 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. The results showed that bornyl acetate (34.2-35%) and α-pinene (12.2% and 8.4%) were identified as major compounds of essential oil from leaves and flowers. Also, citronellol (15.5%) is another main constituent found of essential oil from flowers of Ferula tabasensis. Both essential oils had good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, except E. coli. It seems that antibacterial activity can be mostly attributed to the main compounds of essential oils from the leaves and flowers of the plant, so they may have potential use as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of SnO microflowers with nanosheet subunits
Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati masoomeh siminghad Shabnam Sheshmani Roya Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
340 - Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of SnO microflowers with nanosheet subunits
Masoomeh Siminghad Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati Shabnam Sheshmani Roya Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
341 - Optimal Placement based on Distributed Generation to Improvement of Voltage Stability in Multi-Phase Distribution Systems
Mohammad Kazeminejad Saheb Khanabdal Mozhdeh Karamifard -
Open Access Article
342 - Heat Transfer Analysis and Estimation of CHF in Vertical Channel
K. Dolati Asl E. ‎ Abedini‎ Y. Bakhshan‎ A. Mohammadi Karachi‎ R. Hamidi Jahromi -
Open Access Article
343 - Optimal Sizing and Location of Distributed Generation Units to Improve Voltage Stability and Reduce Power Loss in the Distribution System
M. Kazeminejad M. Ghaffarianfar A. Hajizadeh -
Open Access Article
344 - Numerical and Experimental Comparison of Flow Stress and the Effect of Microcylinder Topography in the Barreling Test: An Artificial Neural Network Model
Mohammad Honarpisheh Narges Shooshtari -
Open Access Article
345 - Designing and Manufacturing the Multiple Jets Simulator and Experimental Investigation of the Multiple Jets in Crossflow
Saeed Toolani Mohamad Hojaji -
Open Access Article
346 - Solving Group Scheduling Problem in No-wait Flow Shop with Sequence Dependent Setup Times
Abolfazl Adressi Reza Bashirzadeh Vahid Azizi Saeed Tasouji Hassanpour -
Open Access Article
347 - Desiging, Part Selecting and Fabrication Procedure of the Vaccum Section of a Leaf Vacuum Shredder Machine
Alireza Shirneshan Mohammad Ali Ghazavi Mehrdad Poursina -
Open Access Article
348 - Design and Manufacturing of Jet to free Stream Simulator to Experimental Study of Interaction of Oblique Jet in Crossflow
Moslem Ahmadi Mohamad Hojaji Saeed Toolani -
Open Access Article
349 - Solving Re-entrant No-wait Flexible Flowshop Scheduling Problem; Using the Bottleneck-based Heuristic and Genetic Algorithm
Sara Habibi Shahin Ordikhani Ahmad Reza Haghighi -
Open Access Article
350 - Analysis of Unbalanced Photovoltaic Systems Generation on Four-Wire Unbalance Distribution System of Shiraz
Hossein Karimianfard Hossein HaghighatThe use of distributed energy resources in power grids and in particular in the distribution system has gained noticeable popularity and growth in recent years. Given the increasing use of solar energy resources in low voltage grids, an appropriate strategy to coordinat MoreThe use of distributed energy resources in power grids and in particular in the distribution system has gained noticeable popularity and growth in recent years. Given the increasing use of solar energy resources in low voltage grids, an appropriate strategy to coordinate and control these resources is necessary in order to reduce annual grid energy losses and improve grid voltage profiles. In this paper, the optimization and coordination of local photovoltaic resources in a four-wire unbalanced low voltage distribution network is proposed and investigated for a given time horizon. The simulation is performed on a part of Shiraz low voltage network. Two scenarios are investigated: in the first scenario balanced output of three phase energy resources which are dispersed and uncontrolled, is considered. In the second scenario a situation is analyzed in which the output levels of these resources are unbalanced. The effect of these two scenarios on the annual energy losses of the network in question is thoroughly examined and discussed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Performance of Distance Relays in the Presence of Distributed Power Flow Controllers
hadi amiri moghadam Mahdiyeh Eslami hadi zayandehroodiRecent efforts to increase the power transmission capacity and increase the level of network stability have increased the use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems elements in the power system. The protective system, which is one of the most important parts of the power s MoreRecent efforts to increase the power transmission capacity and increase the level of network stability have increased the use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems elements in the power system. The protective system, which is one of the most important parts of the power system's operation, is seriously affected by these devices, so their study is considered necessary. Among protection relays, the protection of the distances due to high speed, proper operation in different network conditions are used as the main protection of transmission lines. Consequently, it is inevitable that the lines compensated by flexible AC systems are protected by long-range relays. In this paper, the Distributed Power Flow Controller has been investigated and simulated, and then the effect of these devices on the measured impedance and the characteristic of the disturbance relay is shown. It is also shown in this paper that in addition to the effects of the relay seen on the relay due to changes in the power system, the type of control system and the adjustment of the parameters of these devices will have different effects on the impedance seen by the relay. To investigate the effect of controller distributed power distribution on the protection of the energy transmission distances, as well as the effect of the impedance seen on the relay due to the presence and type of control system that the distributed power controller works with, it uses the PSCAD / EMTDC software for the model These compensator have been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - OPF-Based Optimal Location of Two Systems Two Terminal HVDC to Power System Optimal Operation
Mehdi Abolfazli Afshin Lashkarara Ahad Kazemi Seyed Ali Nabavi NiakiIn this paper a suitable mathematical model of the two terminal HVDC system is provided for optimal power flow (OPF) and optimal location based on OPF such power injection model. The ability of voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC to independently control active an MoreIn this paper a suitable mathematical model of the two terminal HVDC system is provided for optimal power flow (OPF) and optimal location based on OPF such power injection model. The ability of voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC to independently control active and reactive power is well represented by the model. The model is used to develop an OPF-based optimal location algorithm of two systems two terminal HVDC to minimize the total fuel cost and active power losses as objective function. The optimization framework is modeled as non-linear programming (NLP) and solved by Matlab and GAMS softwares. The proposed algorithm is implemented on the IEEE 14- and 30-bus test systems. The simulation results show ability of two systems two terminal HVDC in improving the power system operation. Furthermore, two systems two terminal HVDC is compared by PST and OUPFC in the power system operation from economical and technical aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Study and Analysis of Congestion Management in Hybrid Electric Market
Moayed Mohseni Mahmoud Joorabian Hasan Barati Ali RafiniaThe congestion management system is a systematic approach, collaboratively developed and implemented throughout a metropolitan region that provides for the safe and effective management and operation of new and existing transportation facilities through the use of deman MoreThe congestion management system is a systematic approach, collaboratively developed and implemented throughout a metropolitan region that provides for the safe and effective management and operation of new and existing transportation facilities through the use of demand reduction and operational management strat­e­gies. In this paper we try to present some points which should be investigated in congestion management problems. We calculate different kinds of congestion problems which may be occurred in our network. Here, the hybrid model is used to solve problems in the electricity market to solve the congestion problem in the network and Benders techniques is used together with an optimal power flow (OPF). In fact, by using of Benders algorithm the problem is divided into two major and minor problems. Therefore, the major problem related to the economy sector and no network is included and the minor problem is to solve the network and examine the accuracy of the network. Benders algorithm has been tested on a standard network IEEE 24 bus and Matlab software is used to implement the algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - A new conceptual model for social-ecological environment capacity of debris flow waste-shoal land based on sustainable development in mountainous area
Peng Zhao Daojie Wang Yong Li Yingchao Fang Huijuan Lan Wenle Chen Zengli Pei Yuchao Qi -
Open Access Article
355 - A Fuzzy Multi-objective Optimization Model in Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design Considering Financial Flow
Seyed Hesamoddin Motevalli Adel Pourghader Chobar Maryam Ebrahimi Raheleh AlamiparvinIntegrated and coordinated planning of the main functions of the supply chain (procurement, production and distribution) often leads to economic efficiency and, as a result, more profit for the entire supply chain. On the other hand, the financial flow and the flow of g MoreIntegrated and coordinated planning of the main functions of the supply chain (procurement, production and distribution) often leads to economic efficiency and, as a result, more profit for the entire supply chain. On the other hand, the financial flow and the flow of goods and information are crucial and influential flows in any supply chain. In this paper, the main contribution is to integrated planning of procurement, production and distribution for a multi-product supply chain in order to maximize the producer's profit and also minimize the deviations of the producer's financial indicators by considering both the physical and financial flow. In this regard, the studded supply chain includes several suppliers, one producer and several customers. One of the prominent features of the proposed model is the use of mathematical programming to model the financial flow and achieve the producer's financial goals. Since the presented model is a bi-objective one, two fuzzy multi-objective interactive methods, Selim and Ozkarahan (SO) and Torabi and Hassini (TH) can adjust the degree of satisfaction of the objective functions have been applied. Next, the model is optimized using the goal programming method. Finally, the numerical results in optimizing the proposed fuzzy model show the proposed model's efficiency and the high quality of performance and applicability of the proposed model. The core achievement in the numerical results is that the total value of the distribution in the two models is equal. However, the SO method obtains more unbalanced solutions when the decision maker pays more attention to the first objective function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Optimal Decision-Making in Fractional Multi-commodity Flow Problem in Uncertainty Environment
Salim Bavandi Seyed Hadi Nasseri -
Open Access Article
357 - Quantitative and qualitative assessment of cells in several commercial probiotic products and evaluation of storage conditions on cell culturability and viability of a probiotic yeast
Fatemeh Hakimipour Rasoul Shafiei Mohammad Rabbani khorasganiOne of the essential criteria for determining the quality of products containing probiotics is the presence of a certain number of viable cells per gram of product. To transmit enough viable cells to the gastrointestinal tract, the population of probiotic microorganisms MoreOne of the essential criteria for determining the quality of products containing probiotics is the presence of a certain number of viable cells per gram of product. To transmit enough viable cells to the gastrointestinal tract, the population of probiotic microorganisms should be preserved during storage. In the present study, culturable cells of some commercial products were isolated and enumerated by the plate count and flow cytometric methods. The isolates were then identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The viability of yeast cells was then assessed at different temperatures during 30 days by the methods above. The results showed that Protexin restore® contained the same types and number of bacteria that were claimed by the manufacturer. In contrast, protexin balance® and Dailyeast® contained a lower number of bacterial cells and yeast cells, respectively. It is noteworthy that only 33% of yeast cells were culturable on YPG agar, while flow cytometric analysis showed that 87% of cells were viable and exhibited cell membrane integrity. Also, yeast cells in Dailyeast® product were stable at 4-35°C. In conclusion, using different culture media and physicochemical conditions for the enumeration of viable and culturable cells may lead to different results. Thus, a combination of different methods should be used to get good results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Effect of Echinacea pupurea essential oil on growth and Aspergillus flavous mycotoxin production
Arezoo Malakouti Anousheh Sharifan Alireza BasiriFoodborne diseases contaminated with mycotoxins are a concern for human health. The use of bioactive compounds to improve food safety and preservation has been considered to reduce the economic losses and risks of these factors. The aim of this study was to use purple c MoreFoodborne diseases contaminated with mycotoxins are a concern for human health. The use of bioactive compounds to improve food safety and preservation has been considered to reduce the economic losses and risks of these factors. The aim of this study was to use purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) essential oil as a bio preservative to control the growth of Aspergillus flavus and to prevent the production of aflatoxin B1. For this purpose, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were calculated using a disk diffusion method and then the effect of different concentrations of the essential oil on aflatoxin B1 production was evaluated. The amount of aflatoxin B1 production in the YES (yeast extract sucrose) culture media was measured by HPLC. The results of this study showed that MIC and MFC were 10000 ppm and 15000 ppm, respectively. The results of the growth inhibition zone showed that increasing concentration of the essential oil significantly (p<0.05) increased the diameter of the inhibition zone. It was also founded that aflatoxin B1 production was significantly (p<0.05) dependent on purple coneflower concentration so that by increasing of the essential oil concentration the aflatoxin production significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Accordingly, the aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus was prevented using concentration of 15000 ppm of purple coneflower essential oil. Overall, it can be concluded that purple coneflower essential oil can control the production of aflatoxin by A. flavus to an acceptable level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - اثر روغن گلرنگ بر قند خون و پروفایل لیپیدی در موشهای صحرایی دیابتی شده با آلوکسان و مکانیزم آن
پریوش رحیمی محبوبه سترکی منیر ویودیمقدمه و هدف: دیابت ملیتوس اغلب به عنوان یک سندروم ناهنجاری متابولیسمی شناخته می شود، که معمولا بدلیل ترکیبی از عوامل ارثی ومحیطی رخ می دهد که منجر به افزایش غیر عادی میزان قند خون(هیپرگلیسمی) میشود.امروزه، استفاده از درمانهای غیردارویی (گیاهان دارویی) رویکرد جدیدی در ک Moreمقدمه و هدف: دیابت ملیتوس اغلب به عنوان یک سندروم ناهنجاری متابولیسمی شناخته می شود، که معمولا بدلیل ترکیبی از عوامل ارثی ومحیطی رخ می دهد که منجر به افزایش غیر عادی میزان قند خون(هیپرگلیسمی) میشود.امروزه، استفاده از درمانهای غیردارویی (گیاهان دارویی) رویکرد جدیدی در کنترل بیماری دیابت است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر روغن گلرنگ بر قند خون و پروفایل لیپیدی در موشهای صحرایی دیابتی بود. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق 18 سر موش صحرایی نر در سه گروه شش تایی تقسیم شدند: کنترل ، دیابتی تیمار شده با گلی بن کلامید و دیابتی تیمار شده با روغن گلرنگ به میزان 200 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن. برای دیابتی کردن، از آلوکسان به میزان 120 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به صورت تزریق درون صفاقی استفاده شد. روغن گلرنگ به میزان 200 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن روزانه در یک دوره زمانی 30 روزه استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث:نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که روغن گلرنگ بهطور معنیداری دارای اثر هیپوگلیسمیک و هیپولیپیدمیک در موش های صحرایی دیابتی بوده است. در واقع، ترکیبات فنولی و اسیدهای چرب روغن گلرنگ نقش مهمی در تنظیم ترشح انسولین و هموستازی گلوکز ایفا می کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - شناسایی و کاربرد آنتوسیانیدین موجود در پوسته بذر گیاه دارویی گلرنگ وحشی (Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb)
محمدرضا سبزعلیان فرهنگ تیرگیر آقافخر میرلوحی قدرت اله سعیدیمقدمه هدف: با توجه به خواص دارویی بسیار ارزنده گیاه دارویی گلرنگ اهلی، و هم­چنین به دلیل عدم وجود تنوع کافی برای برخی صفات شاخص مانند مقاومت به برخی آفات و بیماریها به­ویژه مقاومت به مگس گلرنگ، باعث شده است که به­نژادی گلرنگ و توسعه کشت گلرنگ محدود شود. در Moreمقدمه هدف: با توجه به خواص دارویی بسیار ارزنده گیاه دارویی گلرنگ اهلی، و هم­چنین به دلیل عدم وجود تنوع کافی برای برخی صفات شاخص مانند مقاومت به برخی آفات و بیماریها به­ویژه مقاومت به مگس گلرنگ، باعث شده است که به­نژادی گلرنگ و توسعه کشت گلرنگ محدود شود. در این تحقیق ابتدا ارزیابی ژرم پلاسم گلرنگ وحشی C. oxyacanthus از مناطق غربی، مرکزی و جنوبی ایران برای مقاومت به مگس گلرنگ Acanthiophilus helianthi (آفت اصلی گلرنگ)، در گونه وحشی انجام شد و آن­گاه نسبت به شناسایی عامل موثر در این مقاومت اقدام گردید. در نهایت بررسی و شناسایی ترکیب شیمیایی موثر بر مقاومت به مگس گلرنگ مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: ژرم پلاسم گلرنگ وحشی گونه C. oxyacanthus از مناطق مرکزی، جنوبی و غربی ایران )استانهای فارس، کهکیلویه و بویراحمد، اصفهان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، مرکزی، تهران، لرستان، کردستان، ایلام، کرمانشاه و همدان( جمع آوری گردید. در هر استان 3 تا 5 نمونه از مناطقی با فاصله 50 تا 100 کیلومتر از یک­دیگر جمع آوری گردید. در هر منطقه 30 تا 50 گیاه به طور تصادفی انتخاب و غوزههای جمع آوری شده مخلوط شد. بذور جمع آوری شده در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان واقع در لورک نجف آباد در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار کشت گردید و مقاومت گیاهان نسبت به مگس گلرنگ از نظر تعداد لارو مرده در غوزه های گلرنگ وحشی انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: مواد رنگی استخراج شده از بذر نارس با دو نوع پوسته سفید (گلرنگ اهلی) و رنگی (مشکی-قهوه ای) از نمونه های گونه وحشی C. oxyacanthaکشت شده در مزرعه به صورت جداگانه انتخاب شد و پوسته بذرها با استفاده از حلال دی متیل فرمامید (DMF) در سه تکرار، استخراج رنگ گردید و توسط روش کروماتوگرافی ستونی جداسازی و توسط دستگاه­های شناسایی ساختمان هیدروژنH-NMR) ) و اسکلت کربن C-NMR)) مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. نتایج بررسی طیف­های ترکیب رنگی استخراج شده از پوسته بذر نشان داد که احتمالاً این ترکیب از خانواده آنتوسیانیدین می باشد. از آن­جایی که ترکیب مورد شناسایی حاوی گروه عاملی بسیار فعال دی انی می باشد که به اکسیژن حاوی بار مثبت متصل شده است، بنابراین به محض قرار گرفتن این ماده اولیه در پوسته بذر نارس گلرنگ اصلاح شده در مجاورت هوا تمایل به پلیمر شدن شبکه ای که همان تغییر رنگ قهوه ای (رنگ اولیه) به رنگ سیاه و مشکی خواهد شد. در نهایت پس از تغذیه لاروها از پوستههای بذر رنگی به­دلیل عدم هضم گوارشی این پلیمرها موجب مرگ آنها می­شود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: استفاده از ژرم پلاسم گلرنگ وحشی در مقاوم کردن دانه گلرنگ اهلی به آفت مگس گلرنگ میتواند به عنوان یک روش بسیار کاربردی در اصلاح نژاد این خانواده از ترکیبات روغنی شود. دانههای حاصل از به نژادی گلرنگ اهلی میتواند از آفت حشرات در امان باشد که باعث بالا بردن کیفیت محصولات و صرفه جویی در هزینه های نگهداری آن­ها خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - روش بهینه کنترل دینامیک یک تقاطع ایزوله با استفاده از سیستمهای فازی
اسماعیل ابراهیم زاده کویخی Gholamhossen Ekbatanifardسیستمهای جریان ترافیک غیرخطی و غیرقطعی هستند، لذا یافتن نقاط بهینه آن بسیار مشکل است. سیستمهای کنترل ترافیک تقاطع چراغ راهنمایی با الگوهای قدیمی و مرسوم در یک دوره زمانی ثابت تغییر میکنند که روشهای بهینه نیستند و یا بسیاری از روشهای ارائه شده دارای تمهیدات لاز Moreسیستمهای جریان ترافیک غیرخطی و غیرقطعی هستند، لذا یافتن نقاط بهینه آن بسیار مشکل است. سیستمهای کنترل ترافیک تقاطع چراغ راهنمایی با الگوهای قدیمی و مرسوم در یک دوره زمانی ثابت تغییر میکنند که روشهای بهینه نیستند و یا بسیاری از روشهای ارائه شده دارای تمهیدات لازم و کافی در تقابل با عدم قطعیت جریان ترافیک نمیباشند. برای حل این مشکل نیاز به توسعه سیستمهای خبره است که بتواند جریان ترافیک تقاطع را بر حسب شرایط واقعی آن در وضعیت عادی و بحرانی مدیریت نماید. در این مقاله با استفاده از قابلیت سیستمهای فازی که نحوه تصمیمگیری آن شباهت به انسان است، یک روش بهینه کنترل پویا و هوشمند چراغ راهنمایی هشت فازی با استفاده از کنترلکنندههای فازی ارائه گردیده است. این الگوریتم با حفظ سادگی و عدم پیچیدگیهای محاسباتی با اجرای استراتژی زمانهای سبز بهینه و فازبندی پویا، بر اساس لاینهای پر ازدحام ترافیک و وضعیت بحرانی از قبیل ورود خودروهای اضطراری در تقاطع سبب کاهش زمان انتظار خودروها در صف تقاطع و تراکم ترافیک میگردد. این روش در یک تقاطع ایزوله با توجه به خاصیت ترافیک و نرخ ورود دادههای تصادفی برای تعیین زمانبندی پویای چراغ راهنمایی و فازهای بهینه با روش هوشمند فازی در محیط نرم افزار متلب (Matlab 2013) شبیهسازی گردید. با این رهیافت روش پیشنهادی کنترل ترافیک تقاطع با شاخصهای اندازهگیری میزان کارایی و تراکم ترافیک با الگوی زمانبندی ثابت و زمانبندی چهار فازی از روی الگوریتم محققان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان داده است که روش پیشنهادی میتواند در بهبود سیستمهای کنترل ترافیک تقاطع موثر واقع شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - The evolution of Shafi'i-Kadkani views in the critique of contemporary poetry (Based on the characteristics of his research method)
Hoseyn Ghorbanpoor Abbas Shahali RamshehEvery researcher 's idea and thought change during scientific researches is inevitable and certainly is a route to perfection .Dr. Shafiee Kadkani is one of the researchers in the field of modern poem and mystical literature in Iran .He always speaks about change in vie MoreEvery researcher 's idea and thought change during scientific researches is inevitable and certainly is a route to perfection .Dr. Shafiee Kadkani is one of the researchers in the field of modern poem and mystical literature in Iran .He always speaks about change in viewpoints and even sometimes speaks about contrast in ideas in his works .In this paper ,we study four following features : decisiveness and audacity , scientific caution ,satire in locution ,and exaggeration in locution .Then we present some examples about his methodology . His ideas change has been presented in the most important processes (Nima new poem,prosaic poem and Hajm poem ) and the most important poets (Nima, Sohrab Sepehri,Mahdi Akhavan Thaleth ,Forogh Farohkzad and Ahmad Shamloo).Generally , in some cases ,his laudatory , opposite and ironical tone about a process or a poet has stayed constant , and in some cases, these ideas have changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - بهبود ارزش تغذیهای کنجاله آفتابگردان به وسیله پرتوتابی با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما
F. Ghanbari T. Ghoorchi P. Shawrang H. Mansouri N.M. Torbati-Nejadاین پژوهش به ­منظور مقایسه تأثیر تیمارهای پرتو الکترون و اشعه گاما در دزهای 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگری، بر کینتیک تجزیه شکمبه­ای و قابلیت هضم برون تنی کنجاله آفتاب­گردان انجام گرفت. پرتوهای یون­ساز الکترون و گاما اثر معنیداری بر فراسنجه­های تجزیه پذیری ما Moreاین پژوهش به ­منظور مقایسه تأثیر تیمارهای پرتو الکترون و اشعه گاما در دزهای 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگری، بر کینتیک تجزیه شکمبه­ای و قابلیت هضم برون تنی کنجاله آفتاب­گردان انجام گرفت. پرتوهای یون­ساز الکترون و گاما اثر معنیداری بر فراسنجه­های تجزیه پذیری ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و اسیدهای آمینه کنجاله آفتاب­گردان داشتند (05/0P<). تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای ماده خشک در کنجاله آفتاب­گردان پرتوتابی شده با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما، کمتر از کنجاله آفتاب­گردان پرتوتابی نشده بود (05/0P<). تیمار پرتو گاما در دز 75 کیلوگری، تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای پروتئین خام را در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش داد (05/0P<). تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای پروتئین خام به ­وسیله تابش الکترون تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). عمل­آوری پرتوتابی باعث کاهش تجزیه اسیدهای آمینه بعد از 16 ساعت انکوباسیون شکمبه­ای شد (05/0P<). تأثیر پرتو گاما در کاهش تجزیه پذیری شکمبه­ای اسیدهای آمینه بیشتر از تابش الکترون بود (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم برون­تنی پروتئین خام در کنجاله آفتاب عمل­آوری شده با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما بهبود یافت (05/0P<). این پژوهش، بر پایه مطالعات برون­تنی و تکنیک کیسه­های نایلونی، نشان داد که عمل­آوری با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما می­تواند به ­عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای بهبود ارزش تغذیه­ای کنجاله آفتابگردان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Dry Matter and Crude Protein Degradability ofMopane Worm (Imbrasia belina) in Rumen of Steers
O.R. Madibela B. Giddie K.K. Mokwena -
Open Access Article
365 - ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر گاوهای شیری تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی پنبه دانه و جایگزین آن با دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده
ح. پایا ا. تقی زادهتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازهزا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازهزا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آ Moreتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازهزا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازهزا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آزمایشی را در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 3 × 3 دریافت کردند. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل جیره حاوی پنبه دانه (جیره شاهد)، جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ خام به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) و جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) بود. نتایج حاصل نشانگر عدم تأثیر معنی­دار اضافه کردن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر تولید، چربی، پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر بود. افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده میزان اسیدهای چرب بلند زنجیر، اسید چرب 18 کربنه با یک پیوند دوگانه ترانس، اسیدهای چرب 18 کربنه با دو پیوند دوگانه و اسیدهای چرب با چندین پیوند دوگانه را افزایش و میزان اسید چرب 16 کربنه را کاهش داد (0.05>P). میزان اسید چرب لینولئیک کونژوگه سیس 9– ترانس 11 شیر تولیدی در اثر تغذیه دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده تمایل به افزایش نشان داد. در کل نتایج نشان دادند که مصرف دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده تأثیر منفی بر راندمان تولید شیر نداشته و در مقابل توانسته کیفیت شیر تولیدی را با افزایش اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - اثرات استفاده از کیک آفتابگردان روی قابلیت هضم جیرهای و پروفایل متابولیکی اسبهای توریسم
M.F. Trombetta A. Peresson A. Falaschiniدر این آزمایش اثرات استفاده از کیک آفتابگردان در فرموله کردن جیره در 6 رأس اسب توریسم بررسی شد. سه جیره آزمایشی با سطوح انرژی و پروتئین یکسان با جیره شاهد با استفاده از سطوح افزایشی کیک آفتابگردان (3/0، 6/0 و 1 کیلوگرم) تنظیم شدند. اندازه­گیری قابلیت هضم با استفاده Moreدر این آزمایش اثرات استفاده از کیک آفتابگردان در فرموله کردن جیره در 6 رأس اسب توریسم بررسی شد. سه جیره آزمایشی با سطوح انرژی و پروتئین یکسان با جیره شاهد با استفاده از سطوح افزایشی کیک آفتابگردان (3/0، 6/0 و 1 کیلوگرم) تنظیم شدند. اندازه­گیری قابلیت هضم با استفاده از معرف­های داخلی نشان داد که افزایش مقادیر کیک آفتابگردان قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی را کاهش داد. تجزیه آماری با استفاده از اثر جیره کاهش معنیداری را در قابلیت­های هضم ماده خشک (0006/0p=)، عصاره اتری (0001/0p=)، الیاف خام (0269/0p=)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (0247/0p=) والیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (0269/0p=) نشان داد. مقایسه دو معرف داخلی (خاکستر نامحلول در اسید و لیگنین) مقادیر قابلیت هضم بهتری را برای تمامی قابلیت­های هضم با استفاده از معرف داخلی لیگنین نشان داد. همچنین، مقادیر گلوگز و اوره تفاوت­های معنی­داری را به دلیل اثر جیره نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - سطوح بالای آفتابگردان خرد شده در جیرهها برای برههای پرواری سبب کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت لاشه میگردد
ای.ر. اُلیویرا جی.ر. گندرا ف.پ. مُنکااُ آ.م.آ. گابریئل آ.ر.م. فرناندز ر.اچ.ت. گواس م.جی. مورایس ای.ب. مونیز ت.ل. پریرااین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد و برخی از خصوصیات لاشه در بره­های پرواری که آفتابگردان خرد شده (SC) در جیره به عنوان جایگزین نسبی کنجاله سویا دریافت می­کنند، اجرا گردیده است. طرح آزمایشی از نوع بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح SC در جیره (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد ماده خ Moreاین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی عملکرد و برخی از خصوصیات لاشه در بره­های پرواری که آفتابگردان خرد شده (SC) در جیره به عنوان جایگزین نسبی کنجاله سویا دریافت می­کنند، اجرا گردیده است. طرح آزمایشی از نوع بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح SC در جیره (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد ماده خشک (DM)) بوده است. مقادیر کاهش خطی برای هر واحد درصد SC افزوده شده به جیره برای مصرف ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، افزایش وزن روزانه و ضریب تبدیل خوراک به ترتیب 02/0، 003/0، 003/0 و 17/0 درصد بوده است. با افزایش یک درصد SC در جیره، در صفات وزن لاشه، لاشه گرم و لاشه سرد نیز به ترتیب 15/0، 11/0 و 12/0 درصد کاهش خطی معنی­دار مشاهده گردید. استفاده از SC تأثیری بر تولید بیولوژیک و خصوصیات ماربلینگ، بافت و رنگ گوشت نداشت. از SC در سیستم­های وسیع پرورابندی می­توان به عنوان مکمل برای جایگزینی کنجاله سویا حداکثر تا 20 درصد استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Feeding of Safflower (Carthamus tintorius) Cake in Small Ruminant Total Mixed Rations: Effects on Growth Traits and Meat Fatty Acid Composition
V. Tufarelli A. Vicenti M. Ragni F. Pinto M. Selvaggi -
Open Access Article
369 - Effects of Bioassay and Age on Amino Acid Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy of Soybean, Sunflower and Canola Meals
A. Yaghobfar -
Open Access Article
370 - ارزیابی in situ تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم رودهای کنجاله آفتابگردان در مقایسه با کنجاله سویا
کا.و. ندلکووهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و هم قابل هضم رودهی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبهای و نوع T اثنیعشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم Moreهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و هم قابل هضم رودهی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبهای و نوع T اثنیعشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم رودهای ماده خشک (DM) SFM و SBM و پروتئین خام (CP) استفاده شدند. نمونههایی از SFM از هفت گیاه فرآوری شده آفتابگردان (SFM1 تا SFM7) جمعآوری شدند. هر دو خوراک پروتئینی برای ساعتهای 0، 2، 4، 8، 16، 24 و 48 در شش تکرار در شکمبه گاوها انکوبه شدند. سرعت تجزیهپذیری DM به طور متوسط 8/24 درصد برای SFM بود که کمتر از مقدار مشاهده شده برای SBM (2/29 درصد) بود (01/0>P). تجزیهپذیری موثر DM برای SFM (2/56 درصد/ساعت)، در میانگین نرخ خروج شکمبهای 06/0/ساعت، پایینتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با نمونههای SBM (3/67 درصد/ساعت). کسر قابل شستشوی a پروتئین (CP) برای نمونههای SFM (3/25 درصد) بشتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با تمامی دستههای SBM (5/16 درصد). تجزیهپذیری مؤثر پروتئین SFM (7/67 درصد/ساعت) در نرخ عبور شکمبهای 06/0/ساعت بیشتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (63 درصد/ساعت). قابلیت هضم رودهای DM نمونههای SFM (6/42 درصد) اندازهگیری شده توسط تکنیک کیسه متحرک (01/0>P) نسبت به نمونههای SBM (9/71 درصد) پایینتر بود. قابلیت هضم رودهای پروتئین SFM (9/89 درصد) همچنین پایینتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (6/94 درصد). نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که نمونههای SBM مقاومتر به تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای نسبت به SFM بودند. دادهها پیشنهاد میدهند که تغییر پارامترهای حرارتدهی (toasting) میتواند تجزیهپذیری SFM را برای بهبود کیفیت پروتئین کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Effect of Feeding Canola or Sunflower Seeds on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enrichment in Cow’s Milk Fat
J.W. Schroeder W.L. Keller D. Carlson -
Open Access Article
372 - اثرات رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری بر کیفیت تخم مرغ و پایداری اکسیداتیو زرده تخم مرغ در مرغان تخمگذار تجاری
م. رضایی س. زکیزاده ن. ایلاهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری در مقایسه با رنگدانههای سینتتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی مرغان تخمگذار و کیفیت و خواص آنتیاکسیدانی تخم مرغ آنها بود. تعداد 64 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 75 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی شامل: (1 Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری در مقایسه با رنگدانههای سینتتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی مرغان تخمگذار و کیفیت و خواص آنتیاکسیدانی تخم مرغ آنها بود. تعداد 64 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 75 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی شامل: (1) کنترل، جیره پایه بدون رنگدانه، (2) جیره پایه + 25 ppm رنگدانه سینتتیک تجاری، (3) جیره پایه + 20 ppm کل کارتنوئیدهای استخراج شده از گل جعفری و (4) جیره پایه + 40 ppm کل کارتنوئیدهای استخراج شده از گل جعفری، در 16 قفس مجزا با ابعاد استاندارد تقسیم شدند. در طول 8 هفته دوره آزمایشی صفات عملکردی، کیفیت تخم مرغ، شاخص رنگ زرده و پایداری اکسیداتیو لیپیدهای زرده در مرغان اندازهگیری و به روش طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تولید و کیفیت تخم مرغ تفاوت معنیداری بین گروههای آزمایشی نسبت به گروه شاهد (بدون مصرف رنگدانه) نداشت ولی شاخص رنگ زرده در مرغانی که از رنگدانه طبیعی یا سینتتیک مصرف کرده بودند به صورت معنیداری بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود (01/0>P). ثبات اکسیداتیو لیپیدهای زرده در مرغان تغذیه شده با رنگدانه جعفری بعد از 3 هفته به صورت معنیداری بهبود یافت (05/0>P). در مجموع استفاده از گل جعفری به عنوان رنگدانه و یا به عنوان آنتیاکسیدان در جیره مرغان تخمگذار باید ارزیابی اقتصادی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - تأثیر منبع پروتیین روی رشد برهها
م. سیمنوو ک. ندلکوهدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر کنجاله سویا و آفتابگردان برشته شده روی مصرف و عملکرد رشدی بره­های نژاد پله­ون سرسیاه بود. نتایج مشخص کرد که افزودن کنجاله سویای برشته به خوراک سبب شد تا بره­ها رشد سریع­تری را نسبت به آنهایی که کنجاله آفتابگردان مصرف می­ Moreهدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تأثیر کنجاله سویا و آفتابگردان برشته شده روی مصرف و عملکرد رشدی بره­های نژاد پله­ون سرسیاه بود. نتایج مشخص کرد که افزودن کنجاله سویای برشته به خوراک سبب شد تا بره­ها رشد سریع­تری را نسبت به آنهایی که کنجاله آفتابگردان مصرف می­کردند، داشته باشند. افزودن کنجاله سویای برشته به خوراک سبب شد تا بره­ها مقدار کمتری از ذرت و علوفه خشک را مصرف کنند، در حالیکه خوراک پروتئینی بیشتری در همان زمان مصرف شد. علی­رغم سرعت رشد بیشتر (01/0P<) در بره­ها دریافت کننده سویای برشته شده، این بره­ها مصرف کمتری از ماده خشک، خوراک کنسانتره و پروتیین خام برای 1 کیلوگرم از افزایش وزن را در مقایسه با بره­های تغذیه شده با کنجاله آفتابگردان نشان دادند (01/0P<). مقدار مصرف ماده خشک اثر معنی­دار (با ضریب همبستگی بالا، 647/0r=) روی متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه در بره­های مصرف کننده کنجاله سویای برشته شده داشت. در هر دو گروه بره­ها، مصرف پروتیین خام و واحدهای خوراک برای رشد به طور معنی­داری روی عملکرد رشدی حیوانات اثر گذاشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده مرغهای تخمگذار
پ. باغبان-کنعانی ح. جانمحمدی ع.ر. استادرحیمیاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ مرغان تخمگذار انجام گردید. تعداد 960 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه تجاری های-لاین W-36 به طور تصادفی در قالب 12 جیره غذای Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین بر عملکرد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی و کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ مرغان تخمگذار انجام گردید. تعداد 960 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه تجاری های-لاین W-36 به طور تصادفی در قالب 12 جیره غذایی آزمایشی، 8 تکرار و در هر تکرار از 10 قطعه مرغ به عنوان واحد آزمایشی استفاده گردید. روش آزمایش به ­صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 4 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل 3 سطح کنجاله آفتابگردان (0، 10 و 15 درصد) و 4 سطح نیاسین (0، 175، 225 و 275 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) به مدت 10 هفته بود. خوراک مصرفی تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثر متقابل نیاسین و کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). تولید تخم ­مرغ، وزن تخم­ مرغ و توده تخم­ مرغ در مرغان تغذیه شده با سطح 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان کاهش یافت (05/0>P). هر چند افزودن سطح 275 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم نیاسین موجب افزایش تولید تخم ­مرغ و توده تخم­ مرغ گردید (05/0>P). وزن تخم ­مرغ تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار گرفت (05/0>P)، اما تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین و اثر متقابل نیاسین و کنجاله آفتابگردان قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). در حقیقت، سطح 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان ضریب تبدیل خوراک را از 12/2 به 14/2 افزایش داد (05/0>P). بجز ضخامت پوسته، سایر پارامترهای کیفی تخم ­مرغ تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیاسین قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). مکمل­سازی جیره غذایی با 15 درصد کنجاله آفتابگردان منجر به کاهش ضخامت پوسته از 29/0 به 28/0 گردید (05/0>P). سطح 275 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم نیاسین تأثیر معنی­داری بر استحکام پوسته تخم ­مرغ داشت (05/0>P). کلسترول زرده تخم ­مرغ به میزان قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان و نیاسین قرار گرفت (05/0>P). همچنین داده­های حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که غلظت آلانین آمینوترانسفراز، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و تری ­گلیسیرید سرم تحت تأثیر کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثرات متقابل این دو قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). اما کلسترول سرم تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان، نیاسین و اثرات متقابل این دو قرار گرفت (05/0>P). جیره­های آزمایشی خصوصیات آنتی­اکسیدانی سرم را تحت تأثیر قرار ندادند (05/0<P) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Evaluation of mixing air with the water flow in different step of skimming flow on stepped spillway by FLUENT model and a physical model
Meisam Sadrianzade Mohammad Mahmoudian Shoushtari Ahmad FAthi Hossein EslamiIn this paper, physical model of a stepped spillway flow with skimming software,simulated by Fluent and Gambit software.In this simulation, the k- ε model in RNG, Mixture, and Enhanced wall treatment are applied to respectively model the turbulence , the multiph MoreIn this paper, physical model of a stepped spillway flow with skimming software,simulated by Fluent and Gambit software.In this simulation, the k- ε model in RNG, Mixture, and Enhanced wall treatment are applied to respectively model the turbulence , the multiphase flow, and the flow near the walls with attention to the specific hydrodynamic of the flow on the stepped spillways.Also , the PRESTO algoritm and the SIMPLE method are respectively used to dissociate pressur equations and to relate pressure-velocity equations.After calibration of the numerical model with experimental model, assuming an experimental model of precision, a margin of error of 6.6% was obtained for the numerical model. Then, by examining the concentration of dissolved air in the water flow, the result was evaluated for geometry and discharge studied,motion in the direction of the flow mixture concentration in the water increases.After concluding the percentage error of the numerical model, the numerical and graphical results analysis of two-phase flow of water - the air is present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Study of Hydraulic Jump in a Stilling Basin with Sinusoidal Bed Using Flow3D Model
Seied Mohammad Tabatabaei Mohammad Heidarnejad Amin BordbarDue to the importance of stilling basin blocks and the significant effect of their shape and dimension on energy dissipation, and since various studies have been carried out on hydraulic jump properties and properties of stilling basins while fewer studies have addresse MoreDue to the importance of stilling basin blocks and the significant effect of their shape and dimension on energy dissipation, and since various studies have been carried out on hydraulic jump properties and properties of stilling basins while fewer studies have addressed the effect of integrated sinusoidal blocks on hydraulic jump properties, the present research was designed to analyze the effect of sinusoidal blocks height using the Flow 3D model, which is a powerful software product for simulating flow turbulence in two or three dimensions. Froude numbers in this research ranged from 4.6 to 12.2, which indicated that as flow’s Froude number increases from 4.2 to 11, the length of roller and hydraulic jump escalate. Moreover, relative roller length changes for about 30% to 40% by changing the height of blocks. Consequently, jump submerges in the beginning of outflow of flow from below the vent and output flow dissipates quickly. Jump length also decreases with an increase in blocks height. Finally, roller length decreases by 40 to 50 cm with outflow of flow from below the vent for the following two values: (The wave steepness) t/s=0.25 and 0.75. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Utilization of Artificial Neural Networks for Determining the Overflow Discharge of Marun Dam
Ebrahim Nohani valiolah partovi ziaFor more accurate measurement of the water flow, it has been always attempted to design structures with least errors and highest accuracy. Nowadays, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) models has been rapidly grew mainly due to the fact that these models are not MoreFor more accurate measurement of the water flow, it has been always attempted to design structures with least errors and highest accuracy. Nowadays, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) models has been rapidly grew mainly due to the fact that these models are not confined to the physical parameters. Artificial neural networks are based on use of embedded knowledge between input and output variables of a problem, regardless of physical aspects and these networks are able to extract inherent relation of the input and output and they can generalize the obtained relation to other situations and cases. In the present research, the information related to the overflow of Marun Storage Dam was adopted. The input parameters of ANN model are as follows: day, month, water surface elevation, water sharing percent and output parameters overflow discharge of storage dam. The models employed in artificial neural networks include FF, JEN, MLP and RBF. Moreover, the genetic algorithm (GA Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Investigation of the Effect of Geometric Parameters on Head of the Morning Glory Spillway
Majid Ehsani ali akbar salehi neyshabouriBased on the water surface elevation, there is three types of flow control: flow control at the spillway crest, flow control at the shaft and flow control at the top of the shaft tunnel. In the following research, Flow3D software used for numerical modeling and the resu MoreBased on the water surface elevation, there is three types of flow control: flow control at the spillway crest, flow control at the shaft and flow control at the top of the shaft tunnel. In the following research, Flow3D software used for numerical modeling and the results were compared with experimental work, and good agreement was observed. Also, discharge - head graph is plotted for morning glory spillway, which shows by increasing the head, control point moves from the crest to the vertical shaft and then to downstream tunnel. In the case of complete submergence, significant changes in the head are observed with a low increase in flow rate. A parametric study has been done on the length of the vertical shaft and elbow radius. the results show the direct effect of these changes on head of the crest morning glory spillway, so that by increasing the length of the shaft, at a specified discharge increase head on crest, also by increasing the radius of the elbow, the head height on the crest reduced after the submergence elbow of morning glory spillway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Investigation Effective Factors On Energy Depreciation Of Stepped Spillways
saeed razmara Abbas mansoriIn recent decades, stepped spillways have been a significant role in this case.. This research is based on The flow energy calculated on these edged steps and simple steps in nappe flow and skimming flow regimes. Difference in height, width and edge slopes will determin MoreIn recent decades, stepped spillways have been a significant role in this case.. This research is based on The flow energy calculated on these edged steps and simple steps in nappe flow and skimming flow regimes. Difference in height, width and edge slopes will determine the effects of each of these parameters on energy dissipation ratio And then the analysis of sixteen model with different geometries were conducted by Gambit and Fluent software for two discharges ٣/٦ lit/s (nappe flow) and ٢٥ litr/s (skimming flow) by the total of ٣٢ models. And with regard to the results achieved, the influence of the edge for nappe flow has been regarded according to Chamani and Rajaratnani equations. With regard to the results, it is suggested that the existence of the edge at the step end can be enhanced the energy dissipation ratio along the stepped chute. Of course the ratio of this effect in flow and skimming regimes are not the same and these effects are decreased by increasing of discharge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Numerical sStudy of Souring Effect of L-shaped Crowns on Erosion Pattern
Ali Afroos salva abyatAbstract In this study, the effect of two full-float crowns on reducing scouring around the axial axially was evaluated numerically using flow 3d software and the results were compared with the same laboratory study and a useful application graphic was extracted in this MoreAbstract In this study, the effect of two full-float crowns on reducing scouring around the axial axially was evaluated numerically using flow 3d software and the results were compared with the same laboratory study and a useful application graphic was extracted in this field. It was determined that the dimensions of the crown have a significant effect on its performance. The results showed that with increasing crown dimensions its performance improves.by comparing two types of crowns, it was found that if the crown reaches along the length of more than half the support length, the crowns of the el form more effective than the full crown. The crowns are better off because they do not prevent the movement of sediments from the rising vortex activity at the bottom of the arm; on the other hand, the crowns of the shape due to the smaller area than the crowns, if applicable, are applied. Economically, they will be more economical Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Investigating the Effect of Distance and Diameter Ratios of Spindle Shape Stands on the Amount of Force Generated by Waves in the Base Group in a Regular Arrangement
Mohammad Ghatarband Mehdi Behdarvandi AskarIn this research, in order to optimize the marine structures through changing their shape and distances, the force in each of the base group columns was investigated. In the present thesis, the shape of spindle was used for the cross section of the columns because the s MoreIn this research, in order to optimize the marine structures through changing their shape and distances, the force in each of the base group columns was investigated. In the present thesis, the shape of spindle was used for the cross section of the columns because the spindle shape has a better hydrodynamic quality when encountering waves. Moreover, the shape was investigated more closely in four vertex angles encountering waves with the 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles. Afterwards, each of these spindle shapes were investigated in five different equal longitudinal and latitudinal distances with the results being presented in diagrams in the present paper. These five distances presented as dimensionless ratios S/D include 1.8, 2.9, 4, 5.5, and 9. The results indicate that the amount of force is directly proportional to the vertex angle, and inversely proportional to the columns' distance from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Numerical Analysis of the Scouring Pattern of Straight Spur with Different Permeability in the River Route
naser ghanie Abbas mansoriIn this research, a numerical study on the series of straight spur in clear water conditions with a Permeability of 0, 35 and 50%. and the effect of grain size, and also hydraulic condition on scouring around them, and in order to Numerical analysis of the Effect of str MoreIn this research, a numerical study on the series of straight spur in clear water conditions with a Permeability of 0, 35 and 50%. and the effect of grain size, and also hydraulic condition on scouring around them, and in order to Numerical analysis of the Effect of straight spur Permeability on current Pattern and Scouring Using Model flow 3 d the results show that in fixed distance between spures, with flow increases, the scour depth increases.. In constant flow, by increasing distance between spures, the amount of relative scour depth is decreasing and the most of depth of scour occurs in vicinity of first spure. Also, in fixed grain size, by increasing the froude number, also the amount of relative scour depth is increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Laboratory Study of SimultaneousCoarse-gradient Roughness and Positive Slope on Hydraulic Jump Length in Classical Stilling Basin
Roozbeh AGHA MAJIDI Amir hossein NozariHydraulic structures such as stilling basins, mainly are used for the purpose of energy dissipation in the lower zone of overflows, chute and diversion dams, in order to control hydraulic jump. In this research, the rate and effect of the jump is determined by laborator MoreHydraulic structures such as stilling basins, mainly are used for the purpose of energy dissipation in the lower zone of overflows, chute and diversion dams, in order to control hydraulic jump. In this research, the rate and effect of the jump is determined by laboratory tests. In these experiments, the sharp roughness of the bed of basin and also the change in the slope of the basin( structure ) from 0 to 0.3 percent were tested and parameters such as flow rate, initial depth, secondary depth, jump length of water surface profile, water head on overflow crown and water head prior to overflow were accurately measured. The analysis of data showed that the sharp roughness can effectively reduce the length of jump to to 35.5%. For sharp shape roughness, with an increase in the landing rate, the ratio y2 / y1 increases by an average of 6.5%. For a Froude number with a sharp roughness setting, the Lj / y2 ratio decreases by an average of 1.2%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - The effects water stress, magnetic and moisture pretreatment on physiological parameters and yield and harvest index of sunflower in north of Khuzestan climate condition
Negin Zarian Farbod Fotouhi Ali AfrousSunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world, because of the high quality of oil it is important to plant. In order to investigate the effect of three factors of water stress, magnetic pretreatment and aqueous pretreatment on yield and yield components o MoreSunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world, because of the high quality of oil it is important to plant. In order to investigate the effect of three factors of water stress, magnetic pretreatment and aqueous pretreatment on yield and yield components of experimental sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in which water stress as the main factor and two other pretreatments as factorial. The sub factor was evaluated. The results showed that in this experiment none of the main effects and interactions had any effect on grain yield. Grain yield was affected by the interaction between water stress and magnet pretreatment and triple interaction effects. The highest grain yield was in full irrigation treatment, 150 mT magnet pretreatment for 30 min and water pretreatment. The effect of stress on the harvest index based on oil yield as well as the interaction of stress on magnetism was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Application of Central Force Optimization Method to Design Transient Protection Devices for Water Transmission Pipelines
Seyed Mahmood Jazayeri MoghadasOne of the major challenges in designing under pressure water transmission pipeline is the system protection against water-hammer pressures due to a pump trip. The best strategy is to use air-chamber; which imposes considerable costs. To mitigate the air-chamber volume, MoreOne of the major challenges in designing under pressure water transmission pipeline is the system protection against water-hammer pressures due to a pump trip. The best strategy is to use air-chamber; which imposes considerable costs. To mitigate the air-chamber volume, the use of air-inlet valves is also suggested. Determination of air-chamber volume as well as the type and proper locations of air-inlet valves, aiming at the cost reduction, introduces an optimization problem. To solve this problem, this study exploits the central force optimization (CFO) method. Herein, a case study pipeline is optimized using the proposed model based on the CFO and is compared with results of a genetic algorithm (GA) based model. Both methods yielded almost the same results and led to about 30% saving in the system protection cost. However, a comparison between the methods showed that the CFO dramatically outperforms GA in both terms of computational efficiency and reliability of the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Numerical Simulation of Flow Pattern Using SSIIM Software around a Structure
mehrnaz Roozbahani kouros nekoufar armin halajianStudies on hydraulic structures, especially around the bridge bases, show that one of the main causes of bridge destruction is the local turbulence of the flow. In order to be economical and reliable design, you have to get the maximum depth of deflection around the bas MoreStudies on hydraulic structures, especially around the bridge bases, show that one of the main causes of bridge destruction is the local turbulence of the flow. In order to be economical and reliable design, you have to get the maximum depth of deflection around the bases. Estimating the maximum depth of scouring with the purpose of determining the depth required for bridge bridges is necessary, as otherwise it may lead to bridge collapse. SSIIM software is used in this study, which takes into account the flow and sediment equations in a three-dimensional fashion. In this software, the flow field is obtained from the Navier-Stokes equations and the K-ε turbulence model, and then, using the nondetective solution of the deposit field and the continuity equation, the ground level changes are calculated around the bridge's base. Comparison of the results shows that the scour depth increases with increasing height, and if the angular gradient exceeds a limit, then the destruction of the wall of the scouring cavity is accompanied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Locating suitable places for sunflower cultivation using GIS (Case study of Dez Basin)
hossein eslami Saeid AnsariCultivation of agricultural products faces various constraints such as climatic constraints. In any climatic and geographical conditions for the cultivation of different crops requires a preliminary study of suitable cultivation conditions and location. The main purpose MoreCultivation of agricultural products faces various constraints such as climatic constraints. In any climatic and geographical conditions for the cultivation of different crops requires a preliminary study of suitable cultivation conditions and location. The main purpose of this study is to identify areas prone to sunflower cultivation in the Dez Basin. For this purpose, after determining the study area, the effective factors in plant cultivation were determined using library resources and the opinions of experts. Then the effect of each factor on the yield of sunflower plant was determined using AHP method. In order to locate and zoning the potential points of cultivation in the study area, a ordinary kriging model was used in the ARC GIS software environment. The results of data processing showed that 29.5% of the basin lands are in a very suitable range, 69% in a suitable range and 1.5% in a suitable medium range for sunflower cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Investigation of suitable places for safflower cultivation using Geographic Information System (GIS) (Case study of Dez Basin)
hossein eslami Saeid AnsariTo achieve proper production in agricultural products, it is necessary to find suitable cultivation areas in terms of climate, geography and other parameters involved in growth and production. In this research, the possibility of cultivation and zoning of safflower susc MoreTo achieve proper production in agricultural products, it is necessary to find suitable cultivation areas in terms of climate, geography and other parameters involved in growth and production. In this research, the possibility of cultivation and zoning of safflower susceptible areas in Dez basin has been investigated. For this purpose, water, soil, air and physiological information of the plant through library resources and opinions of experts of Khuzestan Agricultural Jihad Organization have been used for the study classification. Then, the effect of each factor on safflower yield was determined using AHP method. In order to locate and zoning the potential points of cultivation in the study area, the ordinary kriging model in GIS software environment was used. The results of data processing showed that 3% of the basin lands are in the appropriate range and 70% are in the medium range suitable for safflower cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Comparison of the effect of up-flow and down-flow Cascade anaerobic bioreactors in industrial wastewater treatment of sugar factory
Hamidreza Ansari joveini Amirhoseini Javid Amirhesam Hasani Morteza KashefiolaslThe present research is the result of laboratory studies related to the comparison of the effect of up- and down-flows in the treatment of artificial biological industrial wastewater (combination of water and molasses of sugar beet factory) using suspended-bed anaerobic MoreThe present research is the result of laboratory studies related to the comparison of the effect of up- and down-flows in the treatment of artificial biological industrial wastewater (combination of water and molasses of sugar beet factory) using suspended-bed anaerobic reactors. The main purpose of this study is to compare the results of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in different conditions of organic loading in accordance with the type of flow in suspended-bed sequencing reactors containing plastic media, rock materials and activated carbon. For this purpose, three cylindrical pilots with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 800 mm with a volume of 24 liters on a laboratory scale and made of Unplasticized PolyVinyl Chloride (UPVC) have been used. During the whole period of research, the discharge of sewage entering the reactor varied from 2 to 4 liters per hour and the retention time of the system varied from 18 to 36 hours. After the start-up period was passed and the COD removal efficiency remained constant, the highest efficiency of COD removal percentage in the up-flow with the maximum amount of hydraulic retention time equal to 36 hours and organic load equal to 4.51 kg COD/m3.d equal to 88% was recorded. Also, the highest efficiency of COD removal percentage in the down-flow with hydraulic retention time equal to 24 hours and organic load equal to 3.21 Kg COD/m3 .d equal to 78% was recorded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Investigation of maximum scour depth in compound structure of weir-gate due to gate opening using FLOW-3D numerical model
behnam namadian Ebrahim AsadiThe flow and drainage structures are widely used in irrigation and drainage networks due to their simple and relatively precise relationships. The flow causes the return of water and consequently increases the flow cross section and decreases the speed and also creates MoreThe flow and drainage structures are widely used in irrigation and drainage networks due to their simple and relatively precise relationships. The flow causes the return of water and consequently increases the flow cross section and decreases the speed and also creates suitable conditions for sediment deposition and waste in the water, which is considered as a disadvantage of this structure. With the accumulation of sediments upstream, the flow conditions are changed and the accuracy of the extracted relationships is reduced to estimate the discharge. By combining the flow and valve, it is possible to reduce the problems and disadvantages of using each one alone and at the same time use their advantages so that the depositable materials behind the flow and accumulator in the hatch entrance pass through the substructure. Rhine, the combined behavior of spillway flow with jet out from under the hatch, creates different conditions downstream of such structures and causes scour changes downstream of this. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of valve opening rate on scouring rate in the case of discharge through the combined structure, upstream head height using flow-3D numerical model.The results show that by reducing the opening of the valve, the height of the water on the structure increases and causes the scour depth to increase. Also, by increasing the flow rate over the spillway and under the valve and the height of the upstream water, the maximum scour depth increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Flow rate coefficient in jap weir single-cycle by CFD
Farhad Misaghi Alireza Seddigh AmirHossein AmaniLabyrinth weir are a kind of multi-dimensional weirs that cause passing flow increment with two dimensions. This kind has more effective length than usual sharp tip weirs. In this regard, they can pass more flow than usual weirs for channel with similar width and height MoreLabyrinth weir are a kind of multi-dimensional weirs that cause passing flow increment with two dimensions. This kind has more effective length than usual sharp tip weirs. In this regard, they can pass more flow than usual weirs for channel with similar width and height. In this study, effective geometrical parameters on single cycle labyrinth weir flow coefficient are measured by means of FLUENT software in three-dimensional way. To model turmoil, k-Ɛ model RNG method and to position free surface profile, VOF method are used. The results of numerical models are compared with those of rectangular weirs with same width. The results for specific H/P show that vertex angle increases with flow coefficient increase and rectangular weir performance of same width is less than single cycle labyrinth weirs, since in same width channel the interference of abscission blades is more severe than single cycle labyrinth weir and such an interference in vertex causes the flow coefficient decrease comparing with single cycle labyrinth weir. Moreover, single cycle labyrinth weir in less hydraulic loads has appropriate performance and ascending trend of flow coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of different bread wheat cultivars under drought stress conditions in Sanandaj region
Ali Asghar Babai Heidar Ali kashkuli Davoud Khodadadi DehkordiIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of four bread wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete blocks in three replications at Sanandaj Grizzah Agricultural Research S MoreIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of four bread wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete blocks in three replications at Sanandaj Grizzah Agricultural Research Station. In this experiment, irrigation cessation as the main treatment at four levels, including cessation of irrigation in the spike stage, cessation of irrigation in the flowering stage, cessation of irrigation in the milking stage and normal irrigation, and bread wheat cultivars as a sub-treatment in four levels, including Sions were Gascogen, Zarrin and Alvand. The results of this study showed that irrigation cut-off treatment led to a significant reduction in traits such as spike length, 1000-seed weight and grain yield, but traits such as number of seeds per spike, number of spikelets per spike and number of seeds per spike were not significant. The results also showed that Alvand and Zarrin cultivars were the most resistant cultivars to different levels of stress, respectively. In addition, normal irrigation had the best results in increasing the yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Simulation of Laminar Flow in Small Channels of Emitters Using FLOW3D Software
Hojatollah Saghi Mahdi Delghandi Saeed BroomandnasabEmitter is the key component in drip irrigation system. Therefore Hydraulic performance of the emitter is an important factor affecting the capability of drip irrigation. Because of small size and complex structure of labyrinth-channel used in most drip emitters, it is MoreEmitter is the key component in drip irrigation system. Therefore Hydraulic performance of the emitter is an important factor affecting the capability of drip irrigation. Because of small size and complex structure of labyrinth-channel used in most drip emitters, it is not possible to observe the flow behavior of water passing through the channel. Also Process production of emitters is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore In this study, the flow in emitters' channels was simulated by FLOW3D software. For this purpose 3 types emitter (A, B and C) were selected and sizes of their channels were calculated by photographing with Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). To calculate the relationship between pressure and rate of emitters discharge, laminar model was used. Simulated results were compared with experimental results. Average of prediction error percentage (Er) was about 2 percent for A and B emitters and about 12 percent for C emitter. Hence simulated data showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Investigation of Depth, Length and Scour of Permeable Gullies Scour in River
naser ghanie Abbas mansori -
Open Access Article
395 - Numerical analysis of the effect of bridge base group arrangement on the scour pattern
Hasan Tamimi Ebrahim Nohani -
Open Access Article
396 - Numerical investigation of the impact of L-shaped crowns on erosion pattern around bridge support using Flow 3D software
Ali Afroos Salva Abayat -
Open Access Article
397 - Effect of salicylic acid on the quality of edible oil and fatty acids composition in different regions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) heads.
Hajar Khani Basiri Mohammad Sedghi Raouf Seyed Sharifi -
Open Access Article
398 - Effects of penconazole on hormonal crosstalk and fatty acids from salt-stressed safflower
Fatemeh Shaki Vahid Niknam Hasan Ebrahimzadeh Maboud -
Open Access Article
399 - Effects of seed germination with gibberellin on safflower germination under salinity stress
Mahrokh Nejati Akbar Alipour Mojtaba Yousefirad Yones Sharghi Hossein Zahedi -
Open Access Article
400 - AcetylCoA Carboxylase and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Sunflower under Influence of Supergallant Herbicide by Magnetic Water
Zeinab Dehghan Jalil Khara -
Open Access Article
401 - Effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate on the growth and flowering of Gazania rigens (L.)
Zahra Nasiri Elham DanaeeGazania, belongs to the family Asteraceae, is widely grown in gardens and other environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluated the effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate treatments on the growth and flowering of gazania. For these purposes, a c MoreGazania, belongs to the family Asteraceae, is widely grown in gardens and other environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluated the effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate treatments on the growth and flowering of gazania. For these purposes, a completely randomized design was used, with three levels of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (25, 50 and 100 μM/l), potassium silicate (PS) at the concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/l and control. Some important traits such as fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, number of flowers, root volume, longest root length, plant height, cell membrane stability index, petiole carotenoid, leaf chlorophyll, protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and flower longevity. It was observed that plan that shoot fresh/dry weight, flower number, root length, plant height, carotenoid, leaf chlorophyll was increased under 100 mg/l PS treatment. The results suggest that the application of 50 μM/l SNP has favorable effects on the raise root fresh/dry weight, root volume, cell membrane stability index, protein, SOD and POD activity. Over the growth stage, 50 mg/l PS was found to be the best treatment to maintain flower longevity with 7.2 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Genetic Structure and Marker-Trait Associations in Parental Lines of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Hossein Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi Arash Hosseinpour Mehdi Ghaffari Kamil Haliloglu -
Open Access Article
403 - The Effect of Gibberellins on Flowering of Rose (Rosa hybrida L.)
Nely Murniati John Bimasri Etty Safriyani -
Open Access Article
404 - Effect of thyme essential oil and ethanol on vase life and some physiological traits of alstroemeria (Alstroemeria sp.)
Behzad Kaviani Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Milad Ghorbanali Nazarpour -
Open Access Article
405 - Effect of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid chelator in the presence of chromium on growth and some physiological characteristics of sunflower.
Maryam Niakan Fereshteh Kaghazloo Kaghazloo -
Open Access Article
406 - Seed oil quality of GA3 induced flowering evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.).
Omid Sohrabi Azim Ghasemnezhad Ahmad Nadimi Manocher Shahbazy -
Open Access Article
407 - The effects of rootstock on the flower components of Clementine Mandarin (Citrus clementina).
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi -
Open Access Article
408 - A New Control Flow Checking Method to Improve Reliability of Embedded Systems
Hamed Nikookar Ahmad Patooghy -
Open Access Article
409 - An Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm with AdaBoost Algorithm for Feature Selection in Text Documents Classification
Hiwa Majidpour Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
410 - The effect of rural-urban spatial flows on the spatial changes of peri-urban settlements (Case study: Damavand County)
Naser Shafiei Sabet fatemeh zangenehAbstractIntroduction: Lack of attention to the two-way rural-urban flows, especially in developing countries such as Iran, within the regions and geographical regions, causes imbalance and a deep gap in the spatial transformations of rural and urban settlements in socio MoreAbstractIntroduction: Lack of attention to the two-way rural-urban flows, especially in developing countries such as Iran, within the regions and geographical regions, causes imbalance and a deep gap in the spatial transformations of rural and urban settlements in socio-economic, environmental dimensions. It will be ecological, and physical-infrastructural.The purpose of the study: The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze the effect of rural-urban spatial flows on the spatial evolution of peri-urban settlements.Research methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection has been done in two ways: library and field. In addition, the field survey method was used to collect field data related to the indicators, objects and measures of the influencing component of the independent variable (rural-urban flows) and influencing variables (spatial changes of peri-urban settlements). The statistical population of the research is 83 villages of Damavand city based on the 2015 census of Iran Statistics Center. Considering the homogeneity of the studied area, possibilities and limitations of the research, in the first step, 29 villages were selected as a random sample based on the central limit theorem, using the probability and simple random sampling method. In the second step, Cochran's sample size calculation formula was used to estimate the sample size.The geographical scope of the research: the present study, which is in the field of two-way rural-urban flows, which was carried out in Damavand cityFindings and discussion: The findings of this research showed that the rural-urban flows in the rural settlements of the studied area with the changes in the dimensions and size of the population of the villages, land use, housing, and investment of the villages are effective in the spatial changes of the peri-urban settlements. .Results: Rural-urban links have social-economical and physical-infrastructural capacities to create spatial flows such as the flow of goods and services, people, technology and information, capital, waste between the city and the village. Spatial factors such as the flow of people, goods, services, investment, and information on the dimensions of spatial developments of rural settlements were observed to have a positive and significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Explanation the Interaction of the Physical Characteristics of High-rise Buildings on Distribution of Pollutant Particles due to the Natural Air Flow (Case Study: District 1 of Tehran)
TinaSadat Sadrolgharavi Mahnaz Mahmodi Zrandi fatemeh mehdizadeh serajThe increasing population and the construction of high-rise buildings have multiplied the environmental pollution in cities. On the other hand, people are more likely to use open urban environments to meet their biological needs. In this regard, various factors such as MoreThe increasing population and the construction of high-rise buildings have multiplied the environmental pollution in cities. On the other hand, people are more likely to use open urban environments to meet their biological needs. In this regard, various factors such as forms, heights and green facade of buildings and the presence of continuous stream of wind can play a significant role in the distribution of pollutant particles. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the forms and heights of high-rise residential buildings on the distribution of pollutant particles, by recognizing district one of Tehran's urban air flow. To this, a library research method was used to collect information, analytical-descriptive as well as computer simulation with Envi-met software and ANSYS to select the appropriate model. According to the modeling done for the nine different types of building with different forms and heights, it was concluded that changing these factors in residential building on the air flow Natural and wind speeds affect thus affect the distribution of particulate matter. In this study, the results of modeling show the residual amount of particulate matter around 9 tall building models, of which the square shape with 20-degree height in the specified position is more suitable than other options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - The role of flower and floriculture in tourism industry development in Mahalat Town Ship
رحمت اله فرهودی زهرا حاجی لوNow days, tourism industry become the biggest source of income for lots of countries and most of these countries use it for employee, grow thin private companies and growth in economic development. Paying attention to nature flowers and plants in urban environments also MoreNow days, tourism industry become the biggest source of income for lots of countries and most of these countries use it for employee, grow thin private companies and growth in economic development. Paying attention to nature flowers and plants in urban environments also causes flowering and planting increased rate around the world. up to the level that WTO announced that more than 50% of travels which took place in world are for enjoying from natural and watching natural attraction. Mahallat city’s hemispheric location and climate gives a very powerful potential in producing flowers and plants and of course a competitable one in world. More than 80% of implanted area and producing flowers in Markazi state is belonged to Mahallat and more 40% of working powers is been used for flowering and planting. Developing in flowers and plant productions and use them in Mahallat is equal to increasing of employee , incomes and finally growth and permanent development of tourism industry in Iran. Methodology of this paper is based on analyzing and descriptive way which question sheets , interview , analyzing tools , SWOT technique, ranking and analyzing internal and external strategic component and genius cooperation is been used for this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - اثر پوشش خاک بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت محلول پاشی برگی متانول
لامیا وجودی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم رعنا ولی زاده کامران اصغر ابراهیم زادهبه منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معن Moreبه منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معنی­دار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی بر محتوای کلروفیل a و ارتفاع گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ارتفاع گیاه از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه × متانول (به غیر از سطح محلول پاشی 30 %) به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (3/2 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در ترکیب تیماری خاکپوش سیاه × 30 % متانول حاصل شد. محتوای کلروفیل b تحت تاثیر خاکپوش قرار گرفت و بالاترین مقدار کلروفیلb در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه (1/1 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. وزن خشک گل، برگ، محتوای مواد جامد محلول و آب نسبی برگ تحت تاثیر جداگانه تیمار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی قرار گرفت. بالاترین میزان وزن خشک گل (116 گرم) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30 % و خاکپوش سیاه (103 گرم) ثبت شد. بیشترین میزان آب نسبی برگ (7/49 %)، مواد جامد محلول (120 درجه بریکس) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30% متانول و خاکپوش سیاه مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (23/15 گرم) و محتوای فنل کل (05/95 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن خشک) از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - افزایش کیفیت جوانه زنی و رشد نهال در بذرهای Antirrhinum, Dahlia, Impatiens, Salvia و Zinnia
ایرن اوزدن Sıtkı Ermiş ابراهیم دمیراین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر هیدروپرایمینگ روی جوانه­زنی بذر و رشد دانهال 5 گونه گل بذری (میمون، کوکب، حنا، مریم گلی و آهار) انجام شد. هیدروپرایمینگ (20 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 24 ساعت)، خشک کردن سطحی یا خشک کردن در حد رطوبت اولیه، باعث افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی، ظه Moreاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر هیدروپرایمینگ روی جوانه­زنی بذر و رشد دانهال 5 گونه گل بذری (میمون، کوکب، حنا، مریم گلی و آهار) انجام شد. هیدروپرایمینگ (20 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 24 ساعت)، خشک کردن سطحی یا خشک کردن در حد رطوبت اولیه، باعث افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی، ظهور گیاهچه و وزن تر و خشک شد. در تمام گونه­ها، حداکثر جوانه­زنی و ظهور گیاهچه در خشک کردن سطحی حاصل شد. حداکثر سودمندی در گل­های میمون و کوکب به چشم خورد. در این دو گونه، خشک کردن سطحی بذرها باعث به­ترتیب 18 و 17 درصد جوانه­زنی بیشتر و 20 و 13 درصد ظهور گیاهچه بیشتر در مقایسه با شاهد شد. در همه­ی گونه­ها، اگرچه این تیمارها اثر مثبت داشت؛ اما اثر آن کمتر بود. به­طورکلی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که هیدروپرایمینگ می­تواند کیفیت دانهال را در گل­های بذری بالا ببرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - بررسی اثر جیبرلیک اسید و دمای انبار بر خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa)
بهزاد ادریسی سحر میرزاییگل مریم با نام علمی Polianthes tuberosa L. ، از تیره Agavaceae، یکی از مهم ترین گل ­های شاخه بریده در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری جهان و دارای رتبه هفتم تولید در بین گل­ های شاخه بریده ایران می­ باشد. به ­منظور بررسی اثرات شرایط دمای انبار پیاز (8 هفته Moreگل مریم با نام علمی Polianthes tuberosa L. ، از تیره Agavaceae، یکی از مهم ترین گل ­های شاخه بریده در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری جهان و دارای رتبه هفتم تولید در بین گل­ های شاخه بریده ایران می­ باشد. به ­منظور بررسی اثرات شرایط دمای انبار پیاز (8 هفته 4 درجه سانتیگراد ، 4 هفته 4 درجه سانتیگراد+ 4 هفته دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد، 8 هفته 12 درجه سانتیگراد، 4 هفته 12 درجه سانتیگراد + 4 هفته دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد و 8 هفته 20 درجه سانتیگراد) و غلظت­ های مختلف اسیدجیبرلیک (0، 150 و 300 پی ­پی ام)، بر صفات کمی گل ­مریم نوع پرپر (دابل) این تحقیق به صورت طرح فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی، باسه تکرار اجرا شد. اثرات تیمارها بر تعداد شاخه، وزن تر و خشک و طول شاخه، طول سنبله، وزن و تعداد پیاز، وزن و قطر گلچه، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، طول دوره جوانه زنی تا گلدهی و عمر پس از برداشت بررسی شد. ارزیابی کمی و کیفی شاخص ­های رشد و گلدهی نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه مربوط به تیمار دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد انبار پیاز و حدود 20% بیشتر از دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد انبار بود. وزن شاخه با اغلب شاخص­ های رشد همبستگی معنی ­دار داشت. مهم ترین اثرات تیمارهای مورد آزمایش بر سرعت رشد بود. دمای انبار فقط بر روی سرعت جوانه­ زنی پیازها تاثیر داشت (P < 0.001) درصورتی که غلظت GA3 هم بر سرعت جوانه زنی (P < 0.05) و هم بر سرعت گلدهی (P < 0.001) موثر بود. با افزایش غلظت GA3 سرعت گلدهی کاهش یافت. در نهایت نتیجه­ گیری شد که بهترین تیمار، انبار پیاز به مدت 4 هفته با دمای 12 درجه سانتیگراد + 4 هفته با دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد قبل از کاشت می­ باشد و تیمار GA3 تاثیر معنی­ داری بر فاکتورهای رشد گل مریم نشان نداد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گابا روی برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی گل بریده آنتوریوم تحت انبارداری با دماهای پائین
فریما مهجوری اصغر ابراهیم زاده محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم محمد علی اعظمی موالونگهداری گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها میگردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گاماآمینوبوتیریکاسید (گابا) در غلظتهای صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلیمولار بر روی طول عمر گلجا Moreنگهداری گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها میگردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گاماآمینوبوتیریکاسید (گابا) در غلظتهای صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلیمولار بر روی طول عمر گلجائی، قهوهای شدن اسپات، میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، مقدار پراکسید هیدروژن، مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول در گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم‘Sirion’در طول 10 روز نگهداری در دماهای 10 و پنج درجه سانتیگراد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجائی گلها در غلظت یک میلیمولار از گابا و در دمای 10 درجه سانتیگراد حاصل شد. تیمار گابا تأثیری در کاهش قهوهای شدن اسپات نداشت. سطوح پراکسید هیدروژن در گلهای تیمار شده با گابا در مقایسه با گلهای شاهد کاهش یافت. شاخص پرولین در گلهای تیمار شده با گابا بالاتر از میزان آن در گلهای شاهد بود. بالاترین میزان مواد جامد محلول به گلهای تیمار شده با گابای پنج میلی مولار و دمای پنج درجه سانتیگراد اختصاص یافت. تیمار با گابای پنج میلی مولار سبب بالارفتن میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز شد. گلهای تیمار شده با گابای یک میلیمولار فعالیت بالای آنزیم کاتالاز را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - تاثیر بکارگیری اسپرمین آزاد خارجی روی عمر گلجایی رز شاخه بریده رقم ’دلس ویتا‘
Hamideh Ghorbani اصغر ابراهیم زاده Bagher Eftekhari Sis Mohammad Bagher Hasanpouraghadmپیری بخش جدایی ناپذیر چرخه نمو گیاهان می­باشد و می­تواند در سطح سلول، بافت و اندام اثرگذار باشد. پژوهش حاضر به­منظور مطالعه کارایی تیمار پس از برداشتی پلی آمین آزاد اسپرمین به عنوان یک ترکیب ضد پیری جهت افزایش عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز انجام شد. تی Moreپیری بخش جدایی ناپذیر چرخه نمو گیاهان می­باشد و می­تواند در سطح سلول، بافت و اندام اثرگذار باشد. پژوهش حاضر به­منظور مطالعه کارایی تیمار پس از برداشتی پلی آمین آزاد اسپرمین به عنوان یک ترکیب ضد پیری جهت افزایش عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز انجام شد. تیمار اسپرمین در غلظت­های صفر، ۱، ۲ و ۴ میلی­مولار به کار رفت. ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی گل­های رز رقم ’دلس ویتا‘ همچون قطر گل، جذب آب، وزن تر نسبی، نشت الکترولیتی، میزان مالون دی آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز، میزان پراکسید هیدروژن و عمر گلجایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تاثیر کاربرد پلی آمین به صورت تیمار کوتاه مدت (پالس) بر روی صفات ذکر شده معنی­دار بوده و تیمار توسط اسپرمین خصوصا با کاربرد تیمار در غلظت ۴ میلی­مولار به طور مؤثری فرآیند پیری را در گل­های رز به تعویق انداخت. تیمار پلی آمین به واسطه­ی خاصیت کاتیونی و آنتی پراکسیداتیو خود منتج به کاهش قابل­توجهی در نشت الکترولیت گلبرگ­ها گشت. علاوه بر خاصیت ضد اتیلنی پلی­آمین­ها ویژگی کاتیونی بودن آن­ها نیز ممکن است که در تعیین عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده نقش مهمی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - تاثیر فنیل فتالامیک اسید و کود کامل بر رشد رویشی و زایشی فلفل زینتی (Capsicum annuum L.)
سمانه ظهیری بارسری داوود هاشم آبادی فاطمه زارع دوستبه منظور بررسی اثر فنیل فتالامیک اسید (PPA) (0 (PPA0)، 1000 (PPA1000)، 2000 (PPA2000) و 3000 (PPA3000) میلیگرم در لیتر) و کود کامل (PF) (0 (PF0)، 100 (PF100)، 200 (PF200) و 300 (PF300) میلیگرم در لیتر) بر رشد رویشی و زایشی فلفل زینتی آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر فنیل فتالامیک اسید (PPA) (0 (PPA0)، 1000 (PPA1000)، 2000 (PPA2000) و 3000 (PPA3000) میلیگرم در لیتر) و کود کامل (PF) (0 (PF0)، 100 (PF100)، 200 (PF200) و 300 (PF300) میلیگرم در لیتر) بر رشد رویشی و زایشی فلفل زینتی آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل "PPA×PF" موجب بهبود صفات مورد اندازهگیری میشود؛ بطوریکه کمترین زمان تا آغاز گلدهی (40/55 روز)، کمترین زمان تا آغاز میوهدهی (93/62 روز)، بیشترین عمر گلدانی (93/93 روز) و بیشترین تعداد میوه (89/15) متعلق به تیمار "PPA2000 × PF200" بود. بیشترین تعداد گل (07/20)، تعداد ساقه گلدهنده (4/6)، قطر ساقه گلدهنده (7/3 میلی-متر)، ارتفاع بوته (83/45 سانتیمتر)، بیشترین وزن تر میوه (71/6 گرم)، بیشترین وزن خشک میوه (79/3 گرم)، بیشترین وزن تر بوته (96/11 گرم) و بیشترین وزن خشک بوته (17/7 گرم) متعلق به تیمار "PPA2000×PF300" بود. همچنین این تیمار دارای بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین میوه (9/372 میلیگرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) بود. تیمارهای "PPA2000×PF300" و "PPA3000×PF300" نیز در صفات کلروفیل a، b و کل برترین تیمار بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - اثرات آللوپاتیک برخی عصاره مالچهای آلی بر جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه برخی گیاهان زینتی
فاطمه کاظمی منصوره جوزایمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درص Moreمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درصد جوانه‎زنی بذر و رشد دانهال‏های برخی گیاهان زینتی در دو آزمایش به‎هم ‎مرتبط بررسی کرد. در آزمایش اول، تاثیرات آللوپاتیک شش نوع مالچ شامل چیپس چوب درخت چنار، میوه‎های کاج، برگ‏های کاج، پوسته‎های تنه درخت کاج، خاک اره، و سرزنی‎های چمن فستوکای بلند بر جوانه‎زنی و رشد اولیه بذرهای کاهو به­عنوان یک گیاه شاخص بررسی شد. آزمایش دوم بر پایه نتایج آزمایش اول طراحی شد به­طوری­که عصاره‎های مالچ‏های با پایین‎ترین میزان جوانه‎زنی انتخاب شدند و تاثیر آن­ها بر جوانه‏زنی پنج گیاه گلدار Alyssum maritimum, Celosia argentea, Tagetes sp., Zinnia sp. و Rudbeckia sp. بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد عصاره برگ‏های کاج اثرات بازدارنده بر جوانه‎زنی بذرهای کاهو (در آزمایش اول) داشت و همچنین اثرات معنی‎دار و قوی بازدارندگی بر جوانه‎زنی بذر، طول ریشه‏چه، طول ساقه‏چه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه‎چه همه گیاهان زینتی داشت. بر اساس این نتایج، برگ‏های کاج بعد از رها شدن یا تجزیه در خاک می‎توانند به­عنوان منبع شیمیایی آللوپاتیک عمل کنند و باید با احتیاط به­عنوان مالچ در منظرسازی، حداقل در تلفیق با گیاهان زینتی استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - اثر واریته ها و مواد گیاهی کشت، روی رشد، گلدهی و تولید پیاز در گل مریم
فرجانا نسرین خان افروز نازنین کریماتول آمبیا م. مسیور بویینیک آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقات گیاهان زینتی در مرکز تحقیقات باغبانی (HRC) – انستیتو تحقیقات کشاورزی بنگلادش در شهر قاضی­پور از آوریل تا فوریه 2017 با هدف دستیابی به بهترین مواد کاشت برای رشد، گلدهی و تولید پیاز در دو واریته گل مریم به اجرا در آمد. هر د Moreیک آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقات گیاهان زینتی در مرکز تحقیقات باغبانی (HRC) – انستیتو تحقیقات کشاورزی بنگلادش در شهر قاضی­پور از آوریل تا فوریه 2017 با هدف دستیابی به بهترین مواد کاشت برای رشد، گلدهی و تولید پیاز در دو واریته گل مریم به اجرا در آمد. هر دو واریته در پارامترهای خاصی برتری نشان دادند و پیازهای بزرگ بهترین نتایج را نسبت به بقیه مواد کاشت ارائه کردند. ژنوتیپ TR-001 (واریته سینگل) گیاه و خوشه طویل­تر (به­ترتیب 37/49 و 04/85 سانتی­متر) و گل آذین سنگین­تری (14/72 گرم) تولید کرد. همچنین رقم TR-004 که یک واریته نیمه دوبل است، ساقه گل طویل­تر (12/32 سانتی­متر) و بیشترین نسبت گلچه در خوشه (38/44) را در برداشت. در مورد تولید پیاز و پیازچه، رقم TR-001 سنگین­ترین و بزرگترین پیاز (به­ترتیب 9/19 گرم و 89/2 سانتی­متر) را تولید کرد، در حالی که رقم TR-004 بیشترین پیازچه در هر گیاه و بالاترین وزن پیازچه در هر گیاه (به­ترتیب 39/18 و 88/33) را تولید کرد. با توجه به نوع و سایز پیاز مریم، سایز بزرگ، طویل­ترین ساقه گل (34/33 سانتی­متر)، حداکثر گلچه در خوشه (54/45)، سنگین­ترین سنبله گل (25/76 گرم)، بیشترین تعداد پیاز در گیاه (7/6)، سنگین­ترین و بزرگترین پیازها (55/22 گرم و 12/3 سانتی­متر) و بیشترین تعداد و بالاترین وزن پیازچه در هر بوته (55/22 گرم و 53/38 سانتی متر) را تولید کرد. اختلاف معنی­داری در اثرات متقابل روی هیچ یک از صفات مشاهده نشد. همچنین از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی­داری بین پیازهای سایز مادری (مسن) و سایز متوسط در صفات طول ساقه گل، تعداد گلچه در خوشه، تعداد پیاز در گیاه، وزن و قطر پیاز و تعداد پیازچه در بوته مشاهده نشد. بنابراین پیاز مادری / مسن نیز می­تواند برای تولید تجاری گل مریم با سایزهای بزرگ و متوسط مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیکی فسفر و روی
فرزاد جلالی داود نادریکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P1 Moreکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P13 (تلقیح بذر، استفاده از کود زیستی 2، 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه و عدم تلقیح بذر به عنوان تیمار شاهد) و محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 (شاهد، 1، 2، و 3 گرم بر لیتر) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و وزن تر گل در گیاهان تحت تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود بیولوژیک فسفر × 2 گرم بر لیتر سولفات روی و همچنین در گیاهان تحت تیمار با کود زیستی در 2 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین وزن خشک گل و درصد آنتوسیانین تحت تیمار کاربرد کود زیستی در 2 و 4 هفته بعد از سبز شدن گیاه × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر در تیمار کود زیستی 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 2 و 1 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین مقدار عنصر روی تحت شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی در 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه × محلول­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4به­دست آمد. در مقابل، کمترین مقادیر در اکثر پارامترها تحت کاربرد سطوح مختلف کاربرد زیستی × عدم محلول­پاشی ZnSO4 و محلول­­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. بنابراین محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 و کاربرد خاکی کودهای حل کننده فسفات می­تواند بر صفات بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار موثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - بررسی برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گل ژربرا تحت تاثیر کاربرد اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک
نازدار میرزایی اسگندیان زهره جبارزاده میرحسن رسولی- صادقیانیبهمنظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم روی گل شاخه بریده ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: اسید هیومیک در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 500، 1000 و 2000 می Moreبهمنظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم روی گل شاخه بریده ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: اسید هیومیک در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 500، 1000 و 2000 میلیگرم بر لیتر بهصورت کاربرد در محیط کشت و فاکتور دوم: نانوکلات کلسیم در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 1، 2 و 3 گرم در لیتر بهصورت محلولپاشی اجرا شد. صفات رشدی از جمله قطر گل و ساقه گلدهنده گل ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، طول برگ و ساقه گلدهنده، وزن تر و خشک برگ و صفات بیوشیمیایی از جمله میزان آنتوسیانین، کاروتنوئید، قندهای محلول کل و فنل اندازهگیری شدند. براساس نتایج به دست آمده از تجزیه واریانس، طول، وزن تر و خشک برگ تحت تاثیر کاربرد اسید هیومیک قرار گرفته و با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک طول برگ و وزن خشک آن افزایش یافت. بیشترین قطر ساقه گلدهنده در غلظت 2000 میلیگرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک و صفر گرم در لیتر نانوکلات کلسیم به دست آمد. قطر گل و ساقه گلدهنده با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک افزایش یافت. کاروتنوئید برگ و آنتوسیانین تحت تاثیر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم قرار گرفته و به ترتیب 3 و 5/1 برابر نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافتند. میزان قندهای محلول و فنل کل تحت تاثیر اسید هیومیک قرار گرفته و نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشتند. در کل کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم منجر به بهبود ویژگیهای رشدی و بیوشیمیایی ژربرا در مطالعه حاضر شد، و به طور تقریبی غلظت 2000 میلیگرم در لیتراسید هیومیک و 2 گرم در لیتر نانوکلات کلسیم موثرتر بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - اثر کمبود آب روی خصوصیات رشد و گلدهی گل آهار
K&uuml;rşad Demirel Gökhan Çamoğlu Arda Akçal Hakan Nar Fatih Kahriman Levent Gençمنابع آب در سال­های اخیر روبه کاهش هستند و دلیل آن گرمایش زمین است. به­همین دلیل نیاز به مطالعات بیشتر در خصوص تعیین اثر محدودیت آب روی گیاهان وجود دارد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثر سطوح آبیاری مختلف روی گلدهی و خصوصیات رشد آهار انجام شده است. این پژوهش در Moreمنابع آب در سال­های اخیر روبه کاهش هستند و دلیل آن گرمایش زمین است. به­همین دلیل نیاز به مطالعات بیشتر در خصوص تعیین اثر محدودیت آب روی گیاهان وجود دارد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثر سطوح آبیاری مختلف روی گلدهی و خصوصیات رشد آهار انجام شده است. این پژوهش در مرکز تحقیقات حفاظت گیاهی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه چاناک کاله ان سکیز مارت در ترکیه انجام شد. بدین­منظور گیاهان آهار در گلدان خارج از گلخانه در چهار تیمار آبیاری مختلف 100 درصد (I-100 شاهد)، 75 درصد (I-75)، 50 درصد (I-50) و 25 درصد (I-25) کشت شدند و کاهش رطوبت خاک به­وسیله حسگرها پایش شد. داده­ها و اختلاف واریانس با PCB-Biplot آنالیز شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری در تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری در صفات اندازه­گیری شده مشاهده شد. در پایان آزمایش مقدار آب آبیاری و مقدار مصرف آب گیاه به­ترتیب 8/142- 1/28 و 4/144-9/33 میلی­متر بدست آمد. تنش آبی اثر منفی روی رشد و خصوصیات زراعی آهار گذاشت. البته، مشاهده شد که کیفیت گل­ها حتی در شرایط کاهش آب تا 25 درصد، علیرغم کاهش رشد بوته، کاهش نشان نداد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - نقش اشعۀ ماوراء بنفش اضافه شده به سیستم نوری دیودهای نورافشان (LED) در تنظیم رشد بنفشۀ آفریقایی (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl)
بهناز اکبریان منصور مطلوبی علیرضا مطلوبی آذر محمد رضا دادپوراز دیودهای نورافشان (LEDs) برای بهبود کیفیت گیاه مطابق با معیارهای بازارپسندی می توان استفاده نمود. در این مطالعه، ما اثرات نور قرمز، آبی و ماوراءبنفش را بر کیفیت گیاه و پیش بینی گلدهی بنفشه آفریقایی (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl) بررسی نموده ایم. برای این منظور آزمایشی د Moreاز دیودهای نورافشان (LEDs) برای بهبود کیفیت گیاه مطابق با معیارهای بازارپسندی می توان استفاده نمود. در این مطالعه، ما اثرات نور قرمز، آبی و ماوراءبنفش را بر کیفیت گیاه و پیش بینی گلدهی بنفشه آفریقایی (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl) بررسی نموده ایم. برای این منظور آزمایشی در اتاق رشد انجام شد: نوردهی تمام روز با سه نسبت نور قرمز:آبی (1:0، 0:1، 1:3) یا نور فلورسنت به مدت 14 ساعت در روز و همچنین نوردهی تکمیلی پایان روز ماوراءبنفش به مدت دوساعت در روز برای سه نسبت نور قرمز:آبی (1:0، 0:1 ،1:3) یا نور فلورسنت به مدت 14 ساعت در روز انجام شد. مقدار کمی از نور آبی برای ممانعت از رشد برگ غیرمعمولی و افزایش طول بیش از حد دمبرگ و کانوپی مورد نیاز بود. نور ماوراءبنفش با نسبت نور قرمز:آبی 1:3 منجر به افزایش شاخص کلروفیل، ضخامت برگ، حداکثر گلدهی در کمترین زمان و کاهش طول کانوپی گردید. به طور کلی، فاز رشد و گلدهی بنفشه آفریقایی تابع کیفیت نور می باشد که پیش بینی زمان گلدهی را در شرایط محیط کنترل شده مقدور می سازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - تاثیر اسید آمینههای آرژنین، پرولین و گلوتامین برخصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گل جعفری (.Tagetes erecta L)
فاطمه رئوف حق پرور داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانیگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا بهعنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور تولید گلهای جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل د Moreگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا بهعنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور تولید گلهای جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو رقم گل جعفری (زرد و نارنجی)، 3 نوع اسید آمینه آرژنین، گلوتامین و پرولین در 3 سطح (100، 500 و 1000 میکرومولار) و تیمار شاهد (آب مقطر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسیدهای آمینه روی صفات ارزیابی شده اثر مثبت دارند و تیمار 100 میکرومولار آرژنین در صفات تعداد برگ، قطر گل، وزن تر و ماده خشک شاخساره، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در رقم نارنجی موفقترین تیمار است. در رقم زرد، بیشترین تعداد برگ، وزن تر شاخساره، ماده خشک ریشه، کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز، کمترین نشت یونی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز برای تیمار 1000 میکرومولار پرولین ثبت شد. بیشترین فنل کل در هر دو رقم برای 100 میکرومولار آرژنین ثبت شد. با کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه مقدار فلاونوئیدها در هر دو رقم گل جعفری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بنابراین کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه بخصوص آرژنین (100 میکرومولار) و پرولین (1000 میکرومولار) بهترتیب برای تولید جعفری ’نارنجی‘ و ’زرد‘ به روش آلی و ارگانیک مناسب بوده و توصیه میشوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - تنوع مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی بین برخی از توده های ایرانی Rosa damascena Mill.
حنیفه سید حاجی زاده بهروز عبادی محمدرضا مرشدلو اکبر عبدی قاضی جهانیعطر گل­محمدی ایران، به سبب کیفیت زیاد و رشد در شرایط اقلیمی مناسب از مرغوبیت خاصی برخوردار است. ژنوتیپ گیاه به مانند شرایط اقلیمی تاثیر زیادی بر کیفیت گلاب، تولید اسانس و سایر فرآوردههای جانبی که از ارزش افزوده بالاتری برخوردار بوده، دارد. بدین­منظور پژوهشی در Moreعطر گل­محمدی ایران، به سبب کیفیت زیاد و رشد در شرایط اقلیمی مناسب از مرغوبیت خاصی برخوردار است. ژنوتیپ گیاه به مانند شرایط اقلیمی تاثیر زیادی بر کیفیت گلاب، تولید اسانس و سایر فرآوردههای جانبی که از ارزش افزوده بالاتری برخوردار بوده، دارد. بدین­منظور پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار برای بررسی مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی توده­های بومی گل محمدی جمع­آوری شده در استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، صفات مورفولوژیکی اندازه­گیری شده در دو ژنوتیپ خاردار و بی­خار در مناطق بررسی شده دارای اختلاف معنی­دار بودند. منطقه قاضی­جهان با پوشش گل­محمدی بی­خار، از نظر عملکرد و دارا بودن مقادیر بالای صفات اندازه­گیری شده مناسب­ترین منطقه بود و پس از آن مناطق نادیلو و خراجو با پوشش گل­­محمدی بی­خار عملکرد و پتانسیل مناسبی داشتند. از بین 14 صفت مورفولوژیکی به همراه عملکرد و درصد اسانس، صفات وزن تر و خشک­ گلبرگ، وزن­تر و خشک غنچه، وزن­تر گل، طول و عرض­گلبرگ، تعداد غنچه در هر شاخه و درصد اسانس دارای بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار با صفت عملکرد گل بودند. ترکیب­های سیترونلول (Citronellol) و ژرانیول (Geraniol) در هر گروه ژنوتیپ خاردار و بدون­خار به میزان بالایی مشاهده شدند. مقدار سیترونلول (Citronellol) در ژنوتیپ خاردار نسبت به ژنوتیپ بی­خار بیشتر بود. از طرفی، میزان ماده موثره ژرانیول (Geraniol) در ژنوتیپ بی­خار نسبت به ژنوتیپ خاردار بیشتر بود. تفاوت قابل­توجهی در عطر توده­های خاردار با انواع بدون خار وجود داشت. از نظر طول و عرض برگ و تعداد شاخه در بین توده­های مختلف تفاوت معنی­داری وجود نداشت. این تفاوت­ها راه را برای معرفی انواع جدیدی از گل محمدی برای صنعت کشت و پرورش ایجاد می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - امکان جایگزینی کوکوپیت با بستر خرما درکشت بدون خاک لیلیوم
سجاد حیدری سید نجم الدین مرتضوی سعید ریزی علی نیک بختکیفیت و کمیت گلهای شاخه بریده لیلیوم تولید شده غالبا به اجزای بستر رشد بستگی دارد. جهت ارزیابی تأثیر دو منبع بستر پالمپیت (تنه خرما: آماده شده از تنه درخت خرما⸵ درخت خرما: آماده شده از تمام قسمتهای درخت خرما) بر ویژگیهای رشد گیاهی مربوط به گل شاخه بریده لیلیوم، یک آ Moreکیفیت و کمیت گلهای شاخه بریده لیلیوم تولید شده غالبا به اجزای بستر رشد بستگی دارد. جهت ارزیابی تأثیر دو منبع بستر پالمپیت (تنه خرما: آماده شده از تنه درخت خرما⸵ درخت خرما: آماده شده از تمام قسمتهای درخت خرما) بر ویژگیهای رشد گیاهی مربوط به گل شاخه بریده لیلیوم، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار برنامه ریزی گردید. در تحقیق حاضر، تأثیر یازده بستر رشد ریشه شامل مخلوطی از پالمپیت، کوکوپیت و پرلیت بر روی دو رقم (Tiber و Candy Club) تحت شرایط هیدروپونیک ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که قطر ساقه، زمان ظهور گل، طول غنچه، ویژگیهای محتواب آب نسبی برگ، نشت یونی برگ و گلبرگ، کیفیت بصری غنچه و شاخص کیفیت در رقم Candy Club بالاتر بود اما، ویژگیهای SPAD1 و قطر غنچه در رقم Tiber بیشتر بود. بالاترین میزان کلروفیل شa، b و کل، SPAD1، SPAD3، قطر ساقه، قطر غنچه و شاخص کیفیت در تیمار شاهد (80% کوکوپیت + 20% پرلیت) مشاهده شد، که تفاوت معنیداری با برخی از تیمارهای بستر رشد تنه خرما و کوکوپیت مصرف شده ندارد. مقدار بالاتری از محتوای آب نسبی برگ، طول غنچه و کارتنوئید در تیمار 20% تنه خرما مشاهده گردید درحالیکه، ماندگاری گل، در تیمار 60% درخت خرما بیشتر بود. تیمار 80% کوکوپیت مصرف شده بالاترین تعداد پیازچه، SPAD2 و زمان برداشت را نشان داد. کمترین میزان نشت یونی برگ، زمان برداشت و زمان ظهور گل در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. ارقام مختلف بهطور متفاوتی به بستر رشد پاسخ دادند و تنه خرما و کوکوپیت مصرف شده میتوانند جایگزین بخشی، یا کل کوکوپیت گرانقیمت وارداتی شوند. بسترهای تنه خرما برتر از بسترهای درخت خرما بودند، اما بستر شاهد برتری کمی نسبت به بسترهای تنه خرما داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - بررسی اثر متقابل بنزوات سدیم و اتانول روی عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘
ندا نکویار مه فام حمیدی امامیعمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز تحت تاثیر اتیلن و تنش آبی کاهش مییابد. اتانول و بنزوات سدیم از جمله ترکیبات مورد استفاده در محلول گلجایی هستند که دارای اثر ضد میکروبی و ضد اتیلنی میباشند. در این راستا و جهت بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اتانول (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و بنزوات سدیم Moreعمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز تحت تاثیر اتیلن و تنش آبی کاهش مییابد. اتانول و بنزوات سدیم از جمله ترکیبات مورد استفاده در محلول گلجایی هستند که دارای اثر ضد میکروبی و ضد اتیلنی میباشند. در این راستا و جهت بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اتانول (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و بنزوات سدیم (0، 150، 200 و 250 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 16 تیمار در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی بصورت پالس24 ساعته استفاده شدند. از آب مقطر بهعنوان شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل "اتانول× بنزوات سدیم" موجب بهبود عمر گلجایی و سایر صفات ارزیابی شده میشود، بطوریکه بیشترین عمرگلجایی (13 روز)، جذب آب (3/54 میلیلیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، ماده خشک (44/38 درصد)، پروتئین گلبرگ (35/08 درصد) و کلروفیل کل (13/09 میلیگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد "اتانول 4 درصد× 150 میلیگرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم" حاصل شد. "اتانول 4 درصد×150 میلیگرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم " دارای کمترین کاهش وزن تر (1/98 گرم)، کمترین باکتری انتهای ساقه (8/33 کلنی)، کمترین جمعیت باکتری محلول گلجایی (23/33 کلنی) و کمترین تولید اتیلن (0/4 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در گرم وزن تر) بود. باتوجه به نتایج حاصل، استفاده ترکیبی از "اتانول 4 درصد×150 میلیگرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم" جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘ توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - تاثیر اسید جیبرلیک و نیتروژن بر ویژگیهای خوراکی بنفشه بومی (Viola odorata) و تجاری (Viola tricolor)
ندا نکویار روح انگیز نادری داود هاشم آبادی علی محمدی ترکاشوندپرورش گلهای خوراکی از جمله بنفشه که بومی ایران است راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش دسترسی بشر به این منابع جدید و با ارزش غذایی است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر اثر متقابل اسید جیبرلیک (GA) (0، 150 و 300 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیتروژن (N) (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی ویژگی Moreپرورش گلهای خوراکی از جمله بنفشه که بومی ایران است راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش دسترسی بشر به این منابع جدید و با ارزش غذایی است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر اثر متقابل اسید جیبرلیک (GA) (0، 150 و 300 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیتروژن (N) (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی ویژگیهای دو گونه بنفشه (Viola tricolor and Viola odorata) بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید جیبرلیک و نیتروژن بطور معناداری موجب بهبود ویژگیهای خوراکی در هر دو رقم بنفشه میشود. بطوریکه بیشترین پروتئین، کاروتنوئید، آهن و روی گلبرگ در هر دو گونه بنفشه با کاربرد "GA300 × N200" بدست آمد. مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ در بنفشه معطر با کاربرد "GA0 × N100" (58.32 mg 100g-1 F.W.) و در بنفشه تجاری با کاربرد "GA300 × N100" (66.84 mg 100g-1 F.W.) بیشترین مقدار بود. بنفشه تجاری از نظر سلنیوم غنیتر از بنفشه معطر بود و تیمارهای "GA300 × N200"، "GA300 × N100" و "GA150 × N200" بیشترین غلظت سلنیوم را در بنفشه تجاری بخود اختصاص دادند. در هر دو نوع بنفشه بیشترین فلاونوئید طول موجهای 300 و 330 نانومتر با کاربرد "GA300 × N200" و "GA150 × N200" بدست آمد. اما اثر تیمارها روی فلاونوئید 270 نانومتر معنیدار نبود. ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی بنفشه معطر بیشتر از بنفشه تجاری بود و بیشترین ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در بنفشه معطر (84.83 % DPPHsc) و بنفشه تجاری (78.17 % DPPHsc) با کاربرد "GA150 × N200" حاصل شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، دو رقم بنفشه مورد مطالعه بهعنوان منابع موثری از پروتئین، عناصر معدنی و ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدانی معرفی میشوند. همچنین کاربرد "GA300 × N200" و "GA150 × N200"جهت بهبود ویژگیهای خوراکی این دو گونه گیاهی پیشنهاد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - عملکرد آنتوریوم (Anthurium andraeanum Lind) تحت تأثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی مختلف
انریکه ای بیناس جونیور گیلبرت وی لومنتاک امینا آ موکادمتولید آنتوریوم بخش مهمی از صنعت گلکاری و گل­ های شاخه بریده است. تلفیق منابع تغذیه آلی و معدنی، برای تولید آنتوریوم یکی از بهترین عملیات مدیریتی است. این مطالعه برای دستیابی به تاثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی به­ عنوان منابع تغذیه خارجی روی عملکرد آنتوریوم انجام شد. ای Moreتولید آنتوریوم بخش مهمی از صنعت گلکاری و گل­ های شاخه بریده است. تلفیق منابع تغذیه آلی و معدنی، برای تولید آنتوریوم یکی از بهترین عملیات مدیریتی است. این مطالعه برای دستیابی به تاثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی به­ عنوان منابع تغذیه خارجی روی عملکرد آنتوریوم انجام شد. این پژوهش با دو فاکتور در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی (RCBD) 3×3، طراحی شد. داده ­ها با ANOVA تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با کمک آزمون معنی­ داری تفاوت­ ها در توکی (HSD) انجام شد. فاکتورهای مختلف عبارت بودند از: M1: پوست نارگیل، M2: پوست نارگیل با کود مرغی و M3: پوست نارگیل با کود گاوی در فاکتور A؛ فاکتور B شامل F0: بدون کود معدنی، F1: 60-60-90 (NPK) و F2: 30-30-45 (NPK). نتایج نشان داد که کودهای مرغی و گاوی به­ عنوان بخشی از بستر کاشت، به شکل معنی ­داری رشد آنتوریوم را بدون در نظر گرفتن مقدار مصرف، بهبود می­ بخشند. درآمد خالص بعلاوه برگشت سرمایه در همه تیمارها، منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Antioxidant Compounds, Minerals, and Nutrients of Different Chrysanthemum Genotypes
Hora Bayanifar Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Behzad KavianiChrysanthemum is a major ornamental flower in the world that is important medicinally and nutritionally. This research in 2022 investigated on 20 chrysanthemum genotypes produced and bred in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat with regard to their nutritio MoreChrysanthemum is a major ornamental flower in the world that is important medicinally and nutritionally. This research in 2022 investigated on 20 chrysanthemum genotypes produced and bred in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat with regard to their nutritional, mineral, and antioxidant compounds in a completely randomized design . The results showed that the genotypes differed in all studied traits. The highest Ca (74.1 mg/kg FW), Fe (2.231 mg/kg FW), and Se (0.233 mg/kg FW) were obtained from codes 326, 110, and 562, respectively. The highest Zn content (0.315 mg/kg FW) was related to codes 562 and 134. Codes 540 and 603 were related to the highest vitamin A (0.086 mg/kg) and vitamin C (13.58 mg/100 g FW), respectively. Code 751 had the highest protein level of 1.483%. Codes 540 and 138 exhibited the lowest and highest fiber percentages of 13.06 and 22.34%, respectively. The best genotypes in petal anthocyanins and carotenoids were codes 674 and 108, respectively. codes 684 and 354 had the highest and code 751 had the lowest flavonoid content. The highest and lowest total phenols were observed in codes 326 and 462, respectively. Based on the results, the 20 genotypes of chrysanthemum bred and produced in Iran can be used as a new and available food source to partially supply the nutrient requirement of the human body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - تاثیر پوشش های بسته بندی و ترکیب گازی بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل همیشه بهار
داود عطایی روح انگیز نادری مصباح بابالار محمد موسویگل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به­ عنوان یکی از گل­ های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می­ شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته­ بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته­ بندی­ های پلاستیک Moreگل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به­ عنوان یکی از گل­ های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می­ شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته­ بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته­ بندی­ های پلاستیکی ساخته شده از پلی ­اتیلن، پلی ­آمید و ترکیب این دو پوشش با ترکیب گاز (5 % اکسیژن+5 % دی اکسید کربن؛ 5 درصد اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن؛ 5 % اکسیژن+20 % دی اکسید کربن) یا بدون ترکیب گاز همراه با شاهد (بدون بسته­ بندی) قرار داده شد. این بستهها به سردخانه در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد منتقل شدند و برای ارزیابی صفات مورد نظر در روزهای 0، 5، 10 و 15 نمونهبرداری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش زمان نگهداری در تمامی تیمارها، میزان کاهش وزن، نشت یون و پوسیدگی افزایش یافت و محتوای نسبی آب، فنل کل، فلاونوئیدها و کاروتنوئیدها کاهش یافت. در عین حال استفاده از بسته ­بندی پلی ­اتیلن و پلی ­آمید همراه با ترکیب گازی باعث بهبود کیفیت ظاهری و تغذیه ­ای گل ها شد. در بین تمامی تیمارها، تیمار ترکیبی 5 %اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن و پوشش پلی­ اتیلن + پلی­ آمید اثرات بهتری در حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری گلهای همیشه بهار خوراکی داشت. در نتیجه با توجه به ارزش غذایی و دارویی گل همیشه بهار می ­توان از این تیمار به­ عنوان روشی موثر و ایمن برای افزایش ماندگاری و حفظ کیفیت ظاهری و ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی این گیاه استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Soft Modeling of Factors Affecting Export Development of Ornamental Plants and Flowers Industry in Mazandaran Based on Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Narges Mahdiee Majid Fani Majid FattahiMazandaran's share of ornamental plants and flowers industry's exports has been decreasing over the past ten years, despite its proximity to CIS countries. The aim of research was to achieve a stratified model of effective factors in the export development of ornamental MoreMazandaran's share of ornamental plants and flowers industry's exports has been decreasing over the past ten years, despite its proximity to CIS countries. The aim of research was to achieve a stratified model of effective factors in the export development of ornamental plants and flowers in Mazandaran in the form of a comprehensive stratified operational model that has a practical nature. By reviewing the research literature and attracting the opinions of experts, the subject was identified in the form of 22 factors and 98 indicators. The basis of the research was the judgments of a group of experts and export experts and export producers from Mazandaran, who were selected based on a purposeful judgmental sampling. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using interpretative structural modeling, and were drawn in terms of influence or impact on 6 levels in an interactive network. The findings showed that factors "International political and economic characteristic" and "Recreation of government in development of export" have the greatest impact on the export development of the flowers and ornamental plants industry and are considered the most basic factors and the factors "Improvement of commercial diplomacy", "Sustainable growth of economic" were also at the lowest level of effectiveness. Also, the driving force and dependence of other factors were also identifyed, in order to explain the effectiveness of the factors in the export development of this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Investigating the Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Chrysanthemum (cv. Borna)
Mohammad Ali Khalaj Seyed Mohammad Banijamali Mohammad Reza Shafiei Elham Farahani Mostafa Javan Pegah Sayyad-AminChrysanthemum is one of the five main cut flowers in Iran. Knowledge about the optimal range of macro-nutrientsespecially nitrogen (N), for the best quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chrysanthemum is of great importance. Randomized complete blocks design i MoreChrysanthemum is one of the five main cut flowers in Iran. Knowledge about the optimal range of macro-nutrientsespecially nitrogen (N), for the best quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chrysanthemum is of great importance. Randomized complete blocks design in three replications was implemented in this research. Five levels of N included 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha (ammonium nitrate) has been applied to chrysanthemum "Borna" cultivar in Mahalat city of Iran. These traits were measured: Score of life after harvest, branch number, flower numbers, flower longevity, days to flowering, chlorophyll, dry weight, shoot fresh weight, crown diameter, stem diameter and flower diameter. The results showed that maximum crown diameter, flower longevity, chlorophyll index, fresh and dry weight of the plant were obtained at the level of 150 kg/ha, compared to the control. Also, the highest total absorption of macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)), and micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) was observed at the level of 150 kg/ha fertilization. According to the results, N application in the level 150 kg/ha can be recommended to have best growth condition for the "Borna" cultivar of chrysanthemum in Mahalat city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - بررسی شش رقم گل رز از نظر مواد معدنی، ویتامین ها و ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی
فیروزه پورزرنگار داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاریاز گل رز که ملکه گلهای زینتی است در آشپزی نوین بهعنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید و غنی از ترکیبات مغذی و زیستفعال استفاده میشود. با وجود محبوبیت گل رز در آشپزی، هنوز ارقام و گونههای زیادی از این گل از نظر خوراکی بودن آزمایش نشدهاند. از اینرو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ترک Moreاز گل رز که ملکه گلهای زینتی است در آشپزی نوین بهعنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید و غنی از ترکیبات مغذی و زیستفعال استفاده میشود. با وجود محبوبیت گل رز در آشپزی، هنوز ارقام و گونههای زیادی از این گل از نظر خوراکی بودن آزمایش نشدهاند. از اینرو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ترکیبات مغذی، معدنی و آنتیاکسیدانی 6 رقم گل رز (Hella, Crimson Siluetta, Rainbows End, Dolce Vita, Samurai, Avalanche) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. ارقام مورد نظر در مرحله گل کاملا باز از یک تولید کننده معتبر در استان تهران خریداری و در بستهبندی مناسب به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. از گلبرگهای ارقام ذکر شده جهت تعیین ویژگیهای خوراکی و آنتیاکسیدانی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که "Crimson Siluetta" از نظر درصد ماده خشک (22.75 %)، فنل کل ( 20.20 میلی گرم گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن تر)، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی (85.83 درصد بازدارندگی)، فسفر (33.48 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و منگنز (2.76 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) غنیتر از سایر رقمهاست. بهترین ارقام از نظر ویتامین ث و آنتوسیانین "Crimson Siluetta" و "Samurai" بودند که از نظر آماری اختلاف معناداری با هم نداشتند. غنیترین ارقام از نظر فلاونوئید کل، کاروتنوئید، نیتروژن و پروتئین بهترتیب "Rainbows End" و " Dolce Vita" بودند. "Dolce Vita" بیشترین مقدار ویتامین آ (0.38 میکروگرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و گوگرد (356 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) را داشت. بیشترین فیبر، آهن، روی، مس، کلسیم، منیزیم، نیکل و بر برای "Hella" ثبت شد که بههمراه "Samurai" بهترین رقمها از نظر پتاسیم بودند. بطورکلی هر 6 رقم رز مورد مطالعه منبع مناسبی از عناصر معدنی، ترکیبات مغذی و آنتیاکسیدانی هستند و در بین آنها "Hella" از نظر فیبر و عناصر معدنی، "Crimson Siluetta" از نظر ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدانی و "Dolce Vita" و "Rainbows End" از نظر ویتامین آ و کاروتنوئیدها منابع غنیتری بودند و جهت استفاده در رژیم غذایی انسان و بهرهمندی از مزایای سلامتی آنها توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Optimizing Plant Density, Planting Depth and Postharvest Preservatives for Lilium longifolium
A. Amjad I. AhmadA study was conducted to standardize production and postharvest handling of lily (Lilium longifolium L. cv. Mero Star). In production trial, three plant densities viz.10, 20 and 30 cm between plants in 60 cm spaced rows and two planting depths viz.7.5 and 15 cm were com MoreA study was conducted to standardize production and postharvest handling of lily (Lilium longifolium L. cv. Mero Star). In production trial, three plant densities viz.10, 20 and 30 cm between plants in 60 cm spaced rows and two planting depths viz.7.5 and 15 cm were compared. Increased plant growth, yield and quality was recorded when plants were grown at a close spacing of 10 cm with 15 cm planting depth. In postharvest experiment, holding preservative solutions revealed significant superiority of cobalt chloride@ 5´10-4 M with longer vase life (9.0 Days), higher relative fresh weight (98.0%) and higher vase solution uptake rate (0.25 g g-1 IFW). However, for pulsing solutions, longer vase life (8.0 days) and higher relative fresh weight (93.0%) was recorded with 500 mg L-1 8-hydroquinoline sulphate (8-HQS) while higher vase solution uptake rate (0.28 g g-1 IFW) for 200 mg L-1 8-HQS. For lilium production, higher plant density with deeper bulb planting proved better and pulsing with 8-HQS followed by placement in cobalt chloride solution improved postharvest performance and extended longevity rather than sucrose. Moreover, lilium did not like sucrose during postharvest handing. These results would help growers and stakeholders to increase lilium yield and improve flower quality and longevity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Investigating the Potential of Increasing the Vase Life of Cut Flower of Narcissus by Using Sour Orange Fruit Extract and Sucrose in the Storage Conditions
Zahra Golshadi Ghale-shahi Mehrdad Babarabie Hossein Zarei Atoosa DanyaeiNarcissus is one of the very popular flowers among Iranians. This flower has a short life. To investigate the increasing of vase life of cut Narcissus, sour orange fruit extract in concentrations of 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 ml L-1 and sucrose in concentrations of 3, 4, 5 and 6 MoreNarcissus is one of the very popular flowers among Iranians. This flower has a short life. To investigate the increasing of vase life of cut Narcissus, sour orange fruit extract in concentrations of 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 ml L-1 and sucrose in concentrations of 3, 4, 5 and 6% were used. In addition, distilled water was used as a control treatment. In this experiment, characters of vase life and percentage of unopened buds were evaluated in end of experiment, but the relative fresh weight, water absorption, soluble solids of petals and stems were measured from first to 29th day. The longest vase life was obtained in the treatment of sour orange fruit extract with concentration of 4 ml L-1 with 30.33 days and the shortest life of control was obtained with 18.33 days. Also, the least and highest percentage of unopened buds were observed in treated flowers with sour orange fruit extract of 4 ml L-1 and sucrose of 6%, respectively. The maximum amount of fresh weight, solution absorption, soluble solids of petals and stems were obtained in concentration of 2.5 ml L-1 of sour orange fruit extract. In general, results show that sour orange fruit extract and sucrose in low concentrations can be used as healthy, cheap and easy access compounds in vase solution of cut flower of Narcissus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Cultivar Effects on Growth, Yield and Cormel Production of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)
Muhammad Saleem Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Aslam KhanGladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.), a popular bulbous cut flower, has high demand in both domestic (Pakistani) as well as international markets. Five potential, exotic cultivars of gladiolus, ‘Cantate’, ‘Corveira’, ‘Eminence’, &lsq MoreGladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.), a popular bulbous cut flower, has high demand in both domestic (Pakistani) as well as international markets. Five potential, exotic cultivars of gladiolus, ‘Cantate’, ‘Corveira’, ‘Eminence’, ‘Essential’ and ‘Fado’ were evaluated to determine the cultivar effects on yield and quality, to compare their relative performance and recommend their suitability for commercial production. Among the tested cultivars, ‘Essential’ performed best for early spike emergence (74.2 d), greater number of leaves plant-1 (8.8), number of florets spike-1 (13.9), spike length (46.8 cm), spike diameter (1.0 cm), vase life (14.3 d), cormel diameter (0.7 cm) and average weight of a cormel (0.3 g). ‘Corveira’ ranked second for most of the above mentioned growth and yield indices. Earlier sprouting (4.6 d), and higher number of cormels clump-1 (283.0) was recorded in ‘Fado’, while leaf area and stem length was greater in ‘Cantate’, (98.6 cm2 and 84.7 cm, respectively). ‘Eminence’ ‘Cantate’ and ‘Corveira’ had higher total leaf chlorophyll contents (0.2 mg g-1 each), while ‘Eminence’ took longer time for spike emergence (103.5 d) among all tested cultivars. In summary, ‘Essential’ followed by ‘Corveira’ and ‘Fado’ performed better than ‘Eminence’ and ‘Cantate’. Therefore, growers may consider selection of these cultivars with improved yield and quality characteristics for commercial production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Estimating the Export Supply Function of Flowers Case Study: The Dutch Rose of Fars Province in the Region of Persian Gulf
Seyed Nematollah MousaviThe main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries ex MoreThe main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries exporting the product. According to the results of study, the small elasticity of the exportation price in the function of export demand is negative and smaller than one, and it indicates that flowers are inelastic goods; moreover, the income from its export could be increased by in-creasing the price. It can be concluded that the domestic price increase will lead to a decrease in exports due to the high elasticity and negative of export supply in comparison with the domestic price. Partial elasticity obtained for the variable of the value of domestic production of flowers in the export supply function in this study indicates that uncontrolled increase production by increasing the acreage under cultivation makes the decrease of exportation price of flowers, and at the most it causes reducing of exportation income because of higher effect of low price in comparison with the effect of an increase in demand; thus, the income from the export of flowers can be increased by controlling the production and the value of export. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Effect of Nitrogen and Plant Spacing on Nutrients Uptake,Yield and Growth of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
M.A. Khalaj B. Edrisi M. AmiriPlant spacing and nitrogen are the most important factors for increasing tuberose quality and quantity. In this study, field experiment carried out as factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) in 3 replications. Different levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 2 MorePlant spacing and nitrogen are the most important factors for increasing tuberose quality and quantity. In this study, field experiment carried out as factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) in 3 replications. Different levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha) of ammonium nitrate was used. Second factor was different plant spaces (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). Results showed that the 25 cm plant space had a significant effect on flower stalk height, stem diameter, spike length, floret diameter, floret weight, vase life and nutrient uptake. Nitrogen levels affected on stem diameter, spike length and nitrogen uptake. The results show that using 200 kg/ha N can improves growth and yield of tuberose as flower stalk height, stem diameter and bulb weight. Data showed that the maximum quality and quantity of flower obtained in 25 cm plant spacing plus 200 kg/ha N. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Study on Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid on Vase Life of Cut Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) ‘Mariachi Blue’
Farnaz Sheikh Seyed Hossein Neamati Navid Vahdati Ali DolatkhahiThe postharvest life of cut Eustoma grandiflorum flowers is limited in open flowers. Therefore a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with ascorbic acid (AsA) at 4 levels (0, 100, 200, 300mg L-1) and citric acid (CA) at 3 levels (0, 100, 200 mg L MoreThe postharvest life of cut Eustoma grandiflorum flowers is limited in open flowers. Therefore a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with ascorbic acid (AsA) at 4 levels (0, 100, 200, 300mg L-1) and citric acid (CA) at 3 levels (0, 100, 200 mg L-1) with 3 replications and 3 samples for each replications, was conducted for this purpose. Results indicated that a significant increase with applying ascorbic and citric acid nearly in all traits both individually and in combination, with higher concentrations imposing greater effects (p≤0.05 and p≤0.01). The highest vase life (17.6 days) and petal water content (68.9%) was observed for the interaction of ascorbic acid (300 mg L-1) and citric acid(100 mg L-1) and ascorbic acid (300 mg L-1) and citric acid (200 mg L-1), re-spectively, which shows a 94 and 252% increase compared to control (9.1days and 27.3%). Along with this, relative water content and petal water content raised with AsA and CA increase. Water content also showed a similar manner. Fresh weight decreased in all treatments during experiment, but this reduction was much less in AsA (300 mg L-1) alone and in interactions with CA levels. According to the results of this experiment, ascorbic acid and/or citric acid as cheap, safe and biodegradable compounds are suitable alternatives for chemical treatments in order to prolong vase life of cut flowers of Eustoma. Commercialization of these compounds for optimum formulations needs further experiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - مطالعه عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش بیمه توسط تولیدکنندگان گیاهان زینتی، مطالعه موردی: استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد
یعقوب زراعت کیش نرگس میرزاییبیمه کشاورزی از جمله راه­کارهای مناسب برای غلبه بر ریسک حاکم بر تولید در بخش کشاورزی و افزایش اطمینان خاطر کشاورزان نسبت به درآمد آینده خویش است. در بخش کشاورزی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد نیز با توجه به سابقه بالای بیماری­های کشاورزی و سایر تلفات محصول، احتمال ری Moreبیمه کشاورزی از جمله راه­کارهای مناسب برای غلبه بر ریسک حاکم بر تولید در بخش کشاورزی و افزایش اطمینان خاطر کشاورزان نسبت به درآمد آینده خویش است. در بخش کشاورزی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد نیز با توجه به سابقه بالای بیماری­های کشاورزی و سایر تلفات محصول، احتمال ریسک تولید و متعاقب آن، ریسک درآمد در این حوزه زیاد است. از آنجائی­که اکثر کشاورزان در منطقهی مورد مطالعه، از سطوح پائین درآمدی و معیشتی برخوردار هستند، بنابراین مخاطرات طبیعی و انواع بیماری­ها می­تواند خسارات جبران ناپذیر معیشتی بر آنها وارد کند. در این راستا یکی از مهمترین سازوکارهای حمایتی در راستای کاهش ناپایداری و مقابله با ماهیت پیشبینیناپذیر این مخاطرات بیمه کشاورزی است. اما بیمه در این بخش در صورتی می­تواند بر تولید و درآمد تاثیرگذار باشد که عوامل موثر بر تقاضای بیمه توسط تولیدکنندگان گیاهان زینتی در استان شناسایی شده و طیف وسیعی از کشاورزان تحت پوشش بیمه قرار گیرند. هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه پذیرش بیمه توسط تولیدکنندگان گیاهان زینتی در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد است. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی عوامل موثر بر تقاضای بیمه با تاکید بر نقش تولید گل­های زینتی، از مدل لوجیت استفاده شده که نتایج بیانگر تاثیرگذاری عوامل متعدد اقتصادی و اجتماعی بر تقاضا و پذیرش بیمه از سوی کشاورزان است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Off-Season Flower Induction of ‘Praying Mantis Ginger’ Larsenianthus Careyanus (Benth.) W.J. Kress & Mood (Zingiberaceae) Through Low Temperature and Night Break
K. M. Prabhu Kumar V. P. Thomas M. Sabu K. V. MohananThe experiment was carried out to study the impact of chilling and night break on the flowering of ornamental plants in their off-season period. Larsenianthus careyanus (Benth.) W.J. Kress & Mood is a wild potential ornamental ginger naturally growing in the evergre MoreThe experiment was carried out to study the impact of chilling and night break on the flowering of ornamental plants in their off-season period. Larsenianthus careyanus (Benth.) W.J. Kress & Mood is a wild potential ornamental ginger naturally growing in the evergreen forest of North Eastern states of India was selected for the current study. The rhizomes were collected and stored at 15oC for 8 months during March to October. The sprouted rhizomes after chilling treatment were planted at regular interval and sprouted plants were transferred to greenhouse with controlled light during night hours using incandescent lamp to extend flower production from December to March. Off-season flowering was observed during January to March. A detailed morphological analysis of 23 attributes of plants under study was recorded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Molecular Cloning and Analysis of Two Flowering Related Genes from Apple (Malus × domestica)
N. Mahna B. Baghban Kohneh RouzApple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. Longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. To alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, MoreApple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. Longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. To alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, the genes involved in flowering and floral development of apple and their function must be identified and characterized. Most of these genes fall in a class of transcription factors named MADS-box genes. In the present research, we cloned and analysed the sequences and features of two of these genes, MdMADS1 and MdMADS3, from apple ‘Golden Delicious’ for a deeper functional analysis in the near future. They were found to be homologs of SEP genes belonging to the class E genes involved in flower development and lied in the AGL2 clade of MADS-box genes in the phylogenetic tree made for apple and Arabidopsis MADS-box proteins. In silicostudies exemplified that both genes had eight exons and seven introns with a long first intron of about 4 Kb and 3 Kb forMdMADS1 and MdMADS3, respectively. The results showed that the structure of both genes has noticeably differed from other SEP-like genes in evolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - اثر نو LED روی جوانهزنی بذر و کیفیت دانهالهای چهار گل فصلی
بهناز اکبریان منصور مطلوبی ناصر مهنادر سالهای اخیر، کاربرد دیودهای نورافشان (LED) در باغبانی به عنوان نور مصنوعی باخصوصیات طول موج قابل انتخاب، عمر طولانی، اندازۀ کوچک، درجه حرارت کم، کاهش مصرف انرژی و هزینه بهرهبرداری، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق اثر کیفیت نور دیودهای نورافشان شامل نور قرمز، Moreدر سالهای اخیر، کاربرد دیودهای نورافشان (LED) در باغبانی به عنوان نور مصنوعی باخصوصیات طول موج قابل انتخاب، عمر طولانی، اندازۀ کوچک، درجه حرارت کم، کاهش مصرف انرژی و هزینه بهرهبرداری، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق اثر کیفیت نور دیودهای نورافشان شامل نور قرمز، نور آبی، ترکیب نور قرمز و آبی با نسبت 75 به 25 درصد و نور سفید فلورسنت، بر جوانهزنی و رشد نشای چهار گل فصلی شامل آهار (Zinnia elegans)، حنا (Impatiens balsamina)، اطلسی (Petunia × hybrida) و شاهپسند (Verbena aubletia) بررسی گردید. پس از کشت بذر، گیاهان در محیط کنترل شده با طول مدّت نوردهی 12 ساعت در روز قرار گرفتند. حداکثر درصد، سرعت و ارزش ظهور گیاهچه در نور قرمز مشاهده شد. بااینحال، اثر کیفیت نور بر خصوصیات رشدی انواع گیاهان، متفاوت بود. نور آبی، موجب افزایش معنیدار تعداد برگ در آهار و حنا گردید. در حنا، نور قرمز موجب افزایش قطر ساقه گردید، در حالیکه، قطر ساقه اطلسی در نور آبی به طور معنی دار افزایش یافت. به طور کلی، افزودن 25% نور آبی به قرمز موجب کاهش طول هیپوکوتیل و ساقه و افزایش طول و وزن تر ریشه نسبت به فلورسنت گردید. کیفیت نور در مدّت ظهور گیاهچه، زمان رسیدن به مرحله برگ حقیقی، مرحله چهار برگی و وزن تر شاخه، تاثیری نداشت. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، ال ئی دی بهعنوان یک گزینه مناسب جهت نور مصنوعی در محیط کنترل شده برای تولید نشاء، قابل استفاده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که نور قرمز خالص، موجب بهبود جوانهزنی گردید و با وجود اختلافات بین انواع گیاهان آزمایششده، اغلب آنها واکنش مثبت نسبت به ترکیب نور قرمز و آبی نشان دادند. بنابراین نسبت نوری 75:25 درصد (آبی: قرمز) میتواند ترکیب مناسبی برای تهیّه نشاء گلهای فصلی باکیفیت مناسب باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Improving Physiological Quality of Cut Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa cv. Single) Flowers by Continues Treatment with Humic Acid and Nano-Silver Particles
Majid Amani Beni Abdolla Hatamzadeh Ali Nikbakht Mahmud Ghasemnezhad Mohammad ZarchiniTuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an important commercial cut flower that has a short vase life. An experiment was carried out by using five different levels of humic acid (HA) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and seven different levels of silver nano-particles (SNP) MoreTuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an important commercial cut flower that has a short vase life. An experiment was carried out by using five different levels of humic acid (HA) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and seven different levels of silver nano-particles (SNP) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg L-1) mixed with 1.5% sucrose on cut tuberosa cv. Single flower. The loss of fresh weight on third and sixth days in 25 mg L-1 HA+1.5% sucrose, 50 mg L-1 HA +1.5% sucrose and 75 mg L-1 HA+1.5% sucrose was less compared to other treatments. Also HA decreased lipid peroxidation. Silver nano-particles increased the water uptake, fresh weight, total protein, and declined lipid peroxidation compared to the control. Results showed that suitable levels of HA and SNP lead to better morphological and physiological properties and increase the vase life of cut Tuberose flower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Growth, Yield and Quality of Rosa hybrida L. as Influenced by NaCl Salinity
Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Aslam Khan Muhammad Qasim Rashid Ahmad Tauseef Us-samadThe effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity (control; canal water with 0.4 dS m-1), 2.5 dSm-1, 5.0 dS m-1, 7.5 dS m-1 and 10.0 dS m-1, respectively) developed after 6 weeks of pruning (beginning of study) on plant growth, flowering and quality of three cut rose (Rosa MoreThe effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity (control; canal water with 0.4 dS m-1), 2.5 dSm-1, 5.0 dS m-1, 7.5 dS m-1 and 10.0 dS m-1, respectively) developed after 6 weeks of pruning (beginning of study) on plant growth, flowering and quality of three cut rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cultivars viz. ‘Kardinal’, ‘Angelique’ and ‘Gold Medal’ were studied to achieve better management, quality production and ascertaining salinity tolerance of promising cut roses being grown commercially in Pakistan. Plants were grown in pure sand in order to eliminate substrate salinity effect on plants. Number of leaves branch-1, leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll contents, bud diameter, flower diameter and flower quality were greater when plants were grown with canal water (control) having only 0.4 dS m-1 salinity, which also reduced interval between flushes by early flowering, while plant height, number of flowers plant-1 flush-1, fresh and dry weight of a flower, stem length and diameter were greater with 2.5 dS m-1 substrate salinity followed by canal water (control). Among cultivars, ‘Angelique’proved comparatively more salt tolerant as compared with ‘Kardinal’ and ‘Gold Medal’ by producing vigorous growth and greater number of flowers. In summary, cut rose cultivars studied cannot tolerate higher substrate salinity and preferably be grown with<2.5 dS m-1 NaCl substrate salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Improvement of the Yield and Essential Oils Quantitative in Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) by Using Different Planting Arrangement and Potassium Fertilizer
D. Hashemabadi A.A. Mostofipour A.R. Berimavandi B. Kaviani M. ZarchiniThis study was done to evaluate the effect of different planting arrangements (square, lozenge and rectangular) and various concentrations of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) on yield and essential oils quantitative of Calendula officinal MoreThis study was done to evaluate the effect of different planting arrangements (square, lozenge and rectangular) and various concentrations of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) on yield and essential oils quantitative of Calendula officinalis L., a medicinal and ornamental plant. The experiment was done as a factorial in randomized completely blocks design (R.C.B.D.) with 3 replications. The results showed that the plant height, the number of flowers, flowers dry weight, potassium content of aerial part, flower essential oil and carotenoids content in petals were significantly increased. The highest plant height (54.18 cm) was calculated from plants grown under 200 kg/ha K2SO4 and rectangular arrangement. Maximum number of flowers per square meter (727.93), flower dry weight per square meter (140.58 g), potassium content of aerial part (0.9 mg/L), essential oils content per square meter (0.27 g) and carotenoids content in petals (8.24 mg/L) were obtained from plants grown under soil conditions containing 300 kg/ha K2SO4 and with square arrangement. The results of current study recommend using of 300 kg/ha of K2SO4 and square planting arrangement for increasing the yield and essential oils content of calendula. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی برخی ژنوتیپ های گل محمدی (Rosa damascena Mill.) استان کردستان با استفاده از صفات مرفولوژیکی
فردین نصری ارسلان فداکار بایزید یوسفی بهمن زاهدیاین پژوهش به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی 12 ژنوتیپ گل محمدی کردستان با استفاده ازصفات مرفولوژیکی گل محمدی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ژاله وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کردستان انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در هر تکرار سه پایه از هر ژ Moreاین پژوهش به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی 12 ژنوتیپ گل محمدی کردستان با استفاده ازصفات مرفولوژیکی گل محمدی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ژاله وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کردستان انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در هر تکرار سه پایه از هر ژنوتیپ صورت گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه، اختلاف معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1% درصد وجود دارد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین بیانگر تنوع وسیع برای صفات مورد بررسی در ژنوتیپ­های مختلف بود. . همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که صفات تعداد گل، ارتفاع گیاه، متوسط عرض، متوسط طول و متوسط تعداد برگ، میانگین قطر گل و نسبت وزنی گلبرگ به گل با عملکرد گل در پایه دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1% درصد است. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه­ای 12 ژنوتیپ گل­محمدی در چهار گروه مجزا بر اساس صفات متفاوت تقسیم شدند. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج حاصل از آزمایش برای معرفی ژنوتیپ ­برتر می­توان ژنوتیپ­های کردستان3 و کردستان2 را معرفی کرد. ژنوتیپ کردستان3 دارای عملکرد بالای گل در هکتار و تعداد گل بالا در بوته و ژنوتیپ کردستان2 دارای بیشترین قطر گل بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Mapping of Agricultural Information Flows for Yam Minisett Technology in Delta State, Nigeria
Agbamu Joseph Ozor Augustine Ajieh Chuks -
Open Access Article
451 - Study On Flow Erosivity Indicators for Predicting Soil Detachment Rate at Low Slopes
Elham Sirjani Majid Mahmoodabadi -
Open Access Article
452 - Study the effect of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield Physiology of Sunflower
Ahad Madani farshid vazin Alireza ZamaniTo investigate the effects of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield physiology of sunflower, a experiments was performed in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement in Gonabad region during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Nitrogen consists of MoreTo investigate the effects of defoliation and nitrogen foliar application on yield physiology of sunflower, a experiments was performed in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement in Gonabad region during 2015 and 2016 seasons. Nitrogen consists of two levels of spraying in flowering time (N1) and control (N2) in the main plots. Defoliation consists of five levels: Control (D1), 1/3 defoliation at 8th leaf stage (D2), 2/3 defoliation at 8th leaf stage (D3), 1/3 defoliation at beginning of the flowering (D4), 2/3 defoliation at beginning of the flowering (D5). In nitrogen deficiency conditions, by cutting 1/3 of the leaves at the first of the flowering, grain yield increased by 28% (0.54 to 0.75 kg ha-1) compared to control treatment .In the conditions of nitrogen consumption, after removing the 2/3 of the leaves at the first of the flowering, the amount of dry matter transfer reallocation from the stem to the grain showed a significant increase compared to the control, while in the conditions of non-nitrogen consumption, defoliation treatments had a slight effect on the contribution of stem reserves. Under the conditions of nitrogen deficiency, the negative effect of sink size restriction on grain yield is more than the negative effect of source strength restriction. constraints than the source power limitations On the practice Gain rejection is more. Plant breeders focus their programs to increase the efficiency of nitrogen consumption in order to increase the strength of the sink and reduce extra leaves with low efficiency in grain filling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Effect of silicon application on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus.annuus L.) under different moisture levels
zohreh nabipour Gholamreza Zamani Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different mois More Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different moisture levels, an experiment was conducted in the crop year 2018-2019 in Gonabad, Iran. This study was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor of irrigation with different moisture levels based on water requirement includes four levels (100% water requirement, 80% water requirement, 60% water requirement and 40% water requirement) and the secondary factor of silicon consumption time. There were four levels (no application (control), application in vegetative stage, application in reproductive stage, application in vegetative stage and reproductive stage). The results showed that reducing the moisture level from 100% to 40% of water requirement reduced the quantitative traits studied; So that the lowest seed yield (1730.8 kg / ha) and oil yield (583.41 kg / ha) were obtained in the treatment of moisture level of 40% of water requirement. Also, the application of silicon under low moisture levels based on water requirement improved the effects of reducing moisture levels in all evaluated traits and seed yield. The highest seed yield (7572.96 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 80% water requirement and application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages and the lowest value (1193.54 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40% water requirement and without the use of silicon. Also, the application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages compared to the non-application treatment (control) increased 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 times the oil yield at different levels of moisture, including 80, 60 and 40% of water requirement. In general, the results showed that the use of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages at a moisture level of 80% of the water requirement compensated for the adverse effects of reducing the moisture level in the studied traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Changes the vegetative characteristics and grain yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch
Bita Abbasi Gholamreza Mohammadi Alireza Bagheri This study was done to investigate the response of vegetative traits of sunflower cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch at Razi University in 2017. The experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete block. First factor More This study was done to investigate the response of vegetative traits of sunflower cultivars in the presence of fenugreek as living mulch at Razi University in 2017. The experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete block. First factor was the sowing fenugreek at four levels (control (without living mulch), 15 days before sowing of sunflower, simultaneous sowing with sunflower, 15 days after sowing of sunflower) and the second factor was three sunflower cultivars (Progress, Farrokh, Lakomka). Results showed that with planting of fenugreek before sunflower, height, stem weight, number of leaves, leaf weight, leaf area index, content of chlorophyll a, b and total of chlorophylls were decreased by 26.4%, 62.1%, 24.8%, 68.5%, 63%, 7.4%, 3.7% and 6.8% compared to control, respectively. The lowest relative water content was also obtained by planting fenugreek before sunflower (65.2% and 52.7% at the one third of primary growth season and flowering stages). The effect of presence mulch under the simultaneous and 15 days after sunflower conditions had no significant effect on growth characteristics of sunflower compared to control condition. Among thecultivars, the highest of grain yield was assigned to Lacomka (3426 kg/ha). However, Progress had the highest height (212 cm), stem weight (523 g/plant), leaf number (25.5 per plant), leaf weight (157.4 g/plant), leaf area index (6.2) and relative water content (77.8% and 70.5% at the one third of of primary growth season and flowering stages). The highest of leaf area ratio (0.013 m2/g) and carotenoid content (2.5 mg) belonged to Farrokh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon application on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)
Hasan Yahyapoor Yousof NiknezhadThis research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was MoreThis research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was cconducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments include the application of organic and chemical fertilizers at four levels (control, manure, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer) as the main plot and silicon at three levels (control, potassium silicate and nano-Si) were considered as sub plot. The results indicated that the most growth characteristics like plant height, number of flowers per plant and leaf area were obtained by chemical fertilizer. The highest dry weight of plant organ was achieved with use of chemical fertilizers. The highest dry weight of flowers (429.3 g.m-2) was obtained by chemical fertilizer, which was not significantly different from the use of vermicompost (417.3 g.m-2). The application of both sources of silicon led to improvement in the number of flowers per plant, leaf area, and concentration of chlorophylls compared with control, although the application of nano-Si had higher improvement effects compared with potassium silicate. The nano-Si increased the dry weight of flowers by 9.6 and 7.4% compared with non-application of silicon and potassium silicate, respectively. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, application of vermicompost organic fertilizer is introduced as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers, as well as nano-Si application to improve the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - تجزیه و تحلیل و مدلسازی عملکرد، انتشارات CO2 و میزان انرژی برای تولید ریحان در ایران با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی
سجاد رستمی سمیه چوبین بهرام حسینزاده سامانی زهرا اسمعیلی حماد ذرعیفروشاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه بین انرژی­های ورودی و عملکرد تولید ریحان گلخانهای و هم­چنین گازهای گلخانهای انتشار یافته از این محصول انجام شد. دادهها از24 گلخانه به روش پرسشنامهای و بصورت چهره به چهره با کشاورزان جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه بین انرژی­های ورودی و عملکرد تولید ریحان گلخانهای و هم­چنین گازهای گلخانهای انتشار یافته از این محصول انجام شد. دادهها از24 گلخانه به روش پرسشنامهای و بصورت چهره به چهره با کشاورزان جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که انرژی ورودی کل 119852.9مگاژول بر هکتار وانرژی خروجی کل 61040مگاژول بر هکتار میباشد. بالاترین سهم از مصرف انرژی مربوط به الکتریسیته با 52200 مگاژول برهکتار و به دنبال آن پلاستیک با 23220 مگاژول بر هکتار و کودهای شیمیایی با 13894مگاژول بر هکتار قرار گرفتند. شاخص نسبت انرژی و بهرهوری به ترتیب 45/. و21/. محاسبه شد که هر دو نشان میدهند کارایی انرژی در بخش کشاورزی پایین میباشد هم­چنین انرژی خالص 72706.9- برآورد شد و کل گازهای گلخانهای منتشر شده از تولید ریحان 9595.6کیلوگرم معادل Co2 محاسبه شد. بیشترین انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این مطالعه مربوط به الکتریسیته با 2.216کیلوگرم معادل Co2بود. نتایج مدلسازی ثابت کرد که شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی میتواند عملکرد ریحان و انتشار گازهای گلخانهایCo2 با درجه بالایی از دقت و صحت R2=0.99) و(MSE= 0.00023 پیشبینی کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Analysis of the Effects of Agricultural Inputs Price Liberalization on the Production of Sunflower in Khoy Zone
Ali Bagherzadeh Fatemeh kazemzadehSunflower is one of four main annual oil plants that cultivated in oil and nut varieties. This plant as an important and industrial food product and because of nutritional features and the potential for earning exchange has become a valuable product in foreign and inner MoreSunflower is one of four main annual oil plants that cultivated in oil and nut varieties. This plant as an important and industrial food product and because of nutritional features and the potential for earning exchange has become a valuable product in foreign and inner markets and has a special position in agricultural sector. Khoy, by producing 40 percent of sunflower productions of country annually, is the greatest sunflower producer in Iran. The main purpose of this study is the analysis of the effects of inputs price liberalization on production of sunflower producers in this city. This study is according to a field research and cross-sectional data of 2009 have been used for it. Results show input price liberalization policy by increasing inputs prices and decreasing demand amounts of inputs, increases the production costs and decreases the production and totally it’s harmful for sunflower producers. For preventing negative effects of liberalization on production, adopting necessary policies such as merging small farms and making big ones to profit by economies of scale and increasing production and productivity with the resulted incomes from liberalization and spending them in scientific researches to produce with low costs are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - An Economic Evaluation of Iranian Horticultural Research and Extension Policy: The Case Study of Almond Late Flowering Cultivars
Seyed Safdar Hosseini Ali ShahnavaziThis paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field s MoreThis paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. ALFC make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus of producers and consumers. Results showed that because of ALFC, economic surplus of producers and consumers had been increased about 0.4 and 0.6 million US Dollars, respectively that the share of consumers from benefits was 58 percent. The social net present value of ALFC regarding to the cost of research and extension was about 0.1 million US Dollars. It was identified that the internal rate of return in developing and introducing of ALFC had been about 11%. The findings expressed that if the research investment in ALFC could keep the position of almond supply curve unchanged unless the weather conditions, then the economic surplus of producers and consumers would decreased 3 and 4.2 million US Dollars less annually, respectively and internal rate of return in almond research would be 33%. Comparing the results showed that the introduction of late flowering cultivars could reduce the loss only 4% per hectare. The results illustrated that investment in R& E of almond could make supply curve shift less in chilling situation because of decrease in cultivation cost, but it is necessary to enhance almond yield too. The findings identify that the efficiency of current system of R & E for almond is low. So it is a necessity to find ways for make better the R & E performance in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Family Income and Cash Flow of Rural Households in South East Nigeria: A Comparative and Gender – Based Analysis
Olajide O. Adeola W. DopplerThis study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approa MoreThis study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approach to randomly select and interview 120 households. Descriptive statistics and Mann whitney test were used in assessing between group differences while regression analysis was used to test the determinants of family income spread within the households. The results showed that the farming systems differed significantly in terms of rewards to resource use and efficiency. It also showed that remotely located households were more likely to be vulnerable to financial risks. A comparison of Male and Female Headed Households showed that the households had similar income generating potentials but with the cash flow analysis a safe conclusion may be reached that Female Headed Household were more financially unhealthy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Geometrical interpretation of positive and negative flower structure model
Arash Pahlavani Mohsen Pourkermani -
Open Access Article
461 - Experimental Investigation of Strength and Water Absorption of Concrete Containing Desert Sand
Amir Hamzeh Keykha Jalal Najmaddini -
Open Access Article
462 - Modelling and robust scheduling of two-stage assembly flow shop under uncertainty in assembling times
Maryam seyedhamzeh hossein amoozad khalili Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini mortaza honarmand azimi Kamaladdin Rahmani -
Open Access Article
463 - A novel hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the make-to-order sequence-dependent flow-shop scheduling problem
Mohammad Mirabi S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi F . Jolai -
Open Access Article
464 - Improved teaching–learning-based and JAYA optimization algorithms for solving flexible flow shop scheduling problems
Raviteja Buddala Siba Sankar Mahapatra -
Open Access Article
465 - Retrieval–travel-time model for free-fall-flow-rack automated storage and retrieval system
Dhiyaeddine Metahri Khalid Hachemi -
Open Access Article
466 - New scheduling rules for a dynamic flexible flow line problem with sequence-dependent setup times
Hamidreza Kia Seyed Hassan Ghodsypour Hamid Davoudpour -
Open Access Article
467 - A three-stage assembly flow shop scheduling problem with blocking and sequence-dependent set up times
Aref Maleki-Darounkolaei Mahmoud Modiri Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Iman Seyyedi -
Open Access Article
468 - Numerical modeling of economic uncertainty
H Schjær-Jacobsen -
Open Access Article
469 - A genetic algorithm approach for problem
E Mehdizadeh R Tavakkoli-Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
470 - Flexible flowshop scheduling with equal number of unrelated parallel machines
L Mahdavi V Zarezadeh P Shahnazari-Shahrezaei -
Open Access Article
471 - MILP models and valid inequalities for the two-machine permutation flowshop scheduling problem with minimal time lags
Imen Hamdi Saïd Toumi -
Open Access Article
472 - Emergency department resource optimisation for improved performance: a review
Kazi Badrul Ahsan M. R. Alam Doug Gordon Morel M. A . Karim -
Open Access Article
473 - Identification and ranking of knowledge flow barriers in Islamic Azad University libraries
asgar akbariObjective: Identifying and ranking barriers to knowledge flow in Islamic Azad University libraries to implement the deployment of knowledge management. Methods: Research method was survey. The statistical population of the study include all managers of the central libra MoreObjective: Identifying and ranking barriers to knowledge flow in Islamic Azad University libraries to implement the deployment of knowledge management. Methods: Research method was survey. The statistical population of the study include all managers of the central libraries of Islamic Azad University with at least 2 employees and 60 managers. The data collection tool was an organized questionnaire that its reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0/87. Data analysis is done by using Friedman test and using SPSS software version 22. Results: From the most to the least obstacles average ratings include: management factors with 7/51; technology factors with 7/25; organizational factors with 6.24; individual factors with 4/5; source of knowledge with 3/60; the material knowledge factors with 3/10; communication channels with 2/73; time factors with 1/01. Conclusion: The results showed that the eight factors of barriers to knowledge flow, implementation of knowledge management establishment in Islamic Azad University libraries make constrains.In order to eliminate existing obstacles attention to managerial factors is one of the main priorities of libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The Information flow in research institutes affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) from the viewpoint of faculty members and managers
ali sadeghzadeh vayghanObjective: Investigates the information flow in research institutes affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT). The information flow was meant as the process of communicating information between and within research centers through three main phase MoreObjective: Investigates the information flow in research institutes affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT). The information flow was meant as the process of communicating information between and within research centers through three main phases: “acquisition and use", "production and storage" and "dissemination" of information. Methodology: Statistical population of the study were research assistants, managers of affiliated research institutes, scientific groups, library managers and faculty members in 70 research institutes affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT). Data were collected by researcher-made questionnaire. To confirm the validity and reliability, 30 questionnaires were distributed in 6 selected research institutes in alphabetical order. The obtained Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the questionnaire has a very good reliability. Totally 409 questionnaires were distributed among researchers which 316 (72.2%) questionnaires were returned. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and ANOVA test was used to test the hypotheses. Resultes: Findings showed that the general situation of information flow in the stage of “acquisition and use (input)" with an average of 4.79 and in the stage of "production and storage (processing)" with an average of 3.63 and “dissemination (output)" with an average of 3.72 was inappropriate. In the stage of “acquisition and use (input)", electronic formats (average 5.06) are used more than printed forms (average 4.61), but in the two stages of "production and storage (processing)" and "dissemination (output)", Printed formats (with an average of 4.09) are used more than electronic forms (with an average of 3.1). In general, the information flow of printed resources (format) with an average of 4.26 is more than the information flow of electronic resources (format) with an average of 3.75. Also, there is a significant difference between the studied research centers in all three stages of information flow. Conclusion: To balance the flow of information, planners at in research centers should consider an incentive program to share information through participation in international scientific conferences and a significant contribution to the international information flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Identifying and prioritizing aspects of knowledge audit in academic libraries
Tayebeh Abash Fahimeh Babalhavaeji Dariush Matlabi,Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the aspects of knowledge audit in academic libraries. Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research includes the final managers and m MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the aspects of knowledge audit in academic libraries. Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research includes the final managers and managers of central library departments of universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The sampling method of the libraries, considering their dispersion in the whole country, is first by random cluster sampling method and then by targeted method of the central library of the largest university in the center of the province. Finally, the number of 279 final managers and department managers of central libraries of universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology were selected as the statistical sample of the research. The knowledge audit questionnaire has been compiled with 99 items and includes 14 dimensions of vision and organizational goals (7 items), analysis of knowledge data and information (6 items), measurement of explicit and tacit knowledge (6 items), drawing a knowledge map. (6 items), identifying strategic elements of the organization (8 items), analyzing the gap between existing and desired knowledge (5 items), preparing the organization (6 items), identifying the knowledge audit process (7 items), forming a knowledge audit working group (8 items) ), analysis of knowledge flow (12 items), identification of valuable assets of the organization (6 items), evaluation of information and knowledge (6 items), measurement of current knowledge health (9 items) and knowledge application analysis (7 items). Results: Based on the results of the research, the components of knowledge flow analysis (4.57), measuring the health of current knowledge (4.12), forming a knowledge audit working group (3.68) and identifying the strategic elements of the organization (3.12) have a higher average rating than others. The indicators are in terms of the possibility of occurrence and influence in the knowledge audit of academic libraries and have a more favorable situation in academic libraries, and in the same way, other indicators are placed in the next ranks. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it was found that managers can benefit from knowledge audit in improving the quality of university library services. By applying knowledge audit, managers review, examine, measure and evaluate the intellectual assets of the organization and evaluate the knowledge reserves and flow of the entire organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Study of Information flow in the research Institutes of Islamic Azad University
Ali Sadeghzadeh Vayghan Mohammad Hassanzadeh Fahimeh Babalhavaeji nadjla haririObjective: This study aims to identify the flow of information in the research Institutes of Islamic Azad University from the perspective of researchers, conducted using a researcher- made questionnaire. Methodology: The methodology of research was survey method. The p MoreObjective: This study aims to identify the flow of information in the research Institutes of Islamic Azad University from the perspective of researchers, conducted using a researcher- made questionnaire. Methodology: The methodology of research was survey method. The population of the study consisted of 7 research institutes affiliated to Islamic Azad University includes research assistants, heads of scientific groups, library administrators and faculty members as members of study population. 25 questionnaires had been sent and 24 questionnaires (96 percent) had been returned. Findings: The results showed that in the input stage (collecting and using information), electronic forms more than printed formats and in the processing stage (production and storage of information), printed forms more than electronic formats and in the output stage (dissemination of information), printed forms more than electronic formats are used. Further. The researchers use electronic resources more than print sources, but this situation is reversed in the production and dissemination stage and the printed format are used more than electronic formats. Conclusion: analysis using ANOVA showed that the difference between use of different types of formats in three stages: input, processing and output, in the most items, were not significant and little difference has been. The overall status of the information flow is acceptable in input stage and poor in the processing step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - A study of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education
Ali Sadeghzadeh Vayghan Mohammad HassanzadehPurpose: This study aims to identify the status of the input, processing and output of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education and recognize the influencing factors and technical obstacles which mak MorePurpose: This study aims to identify the status of the input, processing and output of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education and recognize the influencing factors and technical obstacles which make significant decrease in information flow. Methodology: The research is an applied research and survey method was used. The population consisted of research assistants, managers of affiliated research centers, heads of academic library administrators and faculty members in 62 research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. After confirming its validity and reliability, 306 questionnaires were distributed between researchers. Finally, 222 (72/55%) of the questionnaires were returned. Findings: The overall status of information flow in the research centers, in the "collection and use" stage was appropriate and in the "production and storage", and the "dissemination" stages were inappropriate. In the "collection and use" stage, electronic forms were used more than printed formats and in the "production and storage" and the "dissemination" stages, printed forms were used more than electronic forms. Conclusion: The results of the study may be helpful to the managers of research centers in planning to improve the national and international information flow, use of information, skilled manpower and funds to support research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Effect of drought Stress on Vegetative Growth, Micromorphological and Flower development of Ahmadi and karaj2 Rapeseed Cultivars (Brassica napus L.)
Azadeh Modaresi parissa jonoubi Ahmad Majd Mohammad Tahmaseb Amir Hossein Shirani RadIn order to investigate the response of rapeseed to dehydration stress, a split plot experiment was conducted in the form of a complete randomized design with three replications in Karaj at the Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute. Irrigation was done at two le MoreIn order to investigate the response of rapeseed to dehydration stress, a split plot experiment was conducted in the form of a complete randomized design with three replications in Karaj at the Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute. Irrigation was done at two levels of normal irrigation and interruption of irrigation from flowering stage in main plots and plants of Ahmadi cultivar and Karaj2 cultivars in sub-plots. Plants of Karaj 2 cultivar had the highest ratio of cortex to vascular bundle (0.79) and Ahmadi had the highest phloem content (13.3 μm) in roots. In comparison, Ahmadi cultivars had the highest cortex thickness (146.5 μm) and the largest xylem (144 μm), protoxylem (13.3 μm) and parenchyma pit cell diameter (118.16 μm) in the stem. In normal irrigation, Ahmadi cultivars had the highest style length (1.48 mm) and anther filament length (6.32 mm). Ahmadi cultivars were more tolerant of stress due to having the lowest ratio of cortex to vascular bundle and the highest amount of phloem in the roots and having the greatest thickness of cortex in the stem and were identified as resistant cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Microscopic study of flower bud formation and development in almond
Ali Imani Samira Mofakhami Mehrabadiinitiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended wh Moreinitiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended when more than 50% of the dissected buds had pistils initiated. Bud samples were stored in solution FAA. For a detailed study the structure of meristem, tissues and reproductive and vegetative organs of the buds using histological procedure from buds fixed in FAA by microtome cuttings as thick slices 6µ. Results showed that flower induction (flatting of doming meristem) were done in 8, 18 and 31 August of 2007 in middle blooming cultivar (A93), early blooming cultivar (H-2) and late blooming cultivar (Ferragnes) respectively. Sepals primordia were stimulated in A93, H-2 and Ferragnes cultivars in 24 and 31 August and in 13 September, respectively. Petals primordial induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes cultivars were occurred in 13, 15 and 17 September of 2007, respectively. Stamens primordia induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident in that order 1, 10 and 20 October of 2007. The pistil primordium in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident 10, 21 and 31 October of 2007, respectively. Anthesis was observed in H -2, A93 and Ferragnes in 7 and 21 March and in 5 April 2008, respectively. In general, it was found that process floral formation stages in early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars particular the timing of flower induction between cultivars was not similar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Identification, sequencing and phylogeny of APETALA1 ortholog gene (AP1) in Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae)
فرخنده رضانژاد Elahe Abulhassani Mahbubeh Sheikh bahaeiThe transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is an important developmental under genetic control. This stage requires the activation of a set of genes in apical meristem, the expression of which transforms the meristem from vegetative to reproductive. The APETAL MoreThe transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is an important developmental under genetic control. This stage requires the activation of a set of genes in apical meristem, the expression of which transforms the meristem from vegetative to reproductive. The APETALA1 (AP1) gene plays an important role in transition phase and flower meristem identity. The identification and homology of this gene and its deduced protein in Eruca sativa was studied. Total RNA was extracted from flower buds and cDNA made. Specific primers were designed and then used for RT-PCR reaction. The results showed that the desired fragment of the gene contains 782 nucleotides (complete cds). This fragment was called EvsAP1 and recorded in the NCBI database (KX524132.1). BLAST of this sequence with other species, showed that Raphanus sativus and Brassica nigra have the highest similarity (87%) with EvsAP1. The deduced protein of the EvsAP1 gene contains 256 amino acids, which is 82% similar to Raphanus sativus. The total length of AP1 protein obtained from NCBI databases in most species of Brassicace is 256 amino acids confirming the sequence. Examination of location of the different species in the phylogenetic tree showed that all species of Brassicaceae place in clads close to Eruca sativa. The species has the highest similarity with Brassica nigra and Raphanus sativus so that the later and Eruca sativa located in one clade. These results confirm the accuracy of the obtained sequence for the AP1 gene in this specie. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Induction Of NMRI Mice Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Into Endothelial Progenitor Cells By Placental Extract
maryam sadat Nezhadfazel Kazem Parivar nasim HAYATI mitra heydariStem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, can produce different tissues and organs of the body. Stem cells have two features, self-renewal and differentiation. Of the most important adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are capable of prolife MoreStem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, can produce different tissues and organs of the body. Stem cells have two features, self-renewal and differentiation. Of the most important adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are capable of proliferation and differentiation with induction in the presence of variety of growth factors. Since the placenta extract contains a large amount of VEGF, therefore placenta extract was used to induce the differentiation of omentum mesenchymal stem cells.The omentum mesenchymal stem cells were separated and cultured and cell-specific markers CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105 and CD34 markers were tested by flowcytometry on them. The extract of the placenta was prepared and after the MTT test, we selected a 20% viability percentage. After 21 days the presence of mesenchymal stem cells omentum in medium and 20 percent of placenta extract, mesenchymal cells were differentiated into progenitor endothelial cells. The expression of CD90, CD73 and CD105 markers was negative and expression of CD31, FLK1 and CD34 markers was positive. G1 phase of the cell cycle in 2st week of prolonged, compared to the control group, this result showed that the cells were exited from the proliferative phase into differentiation phase.Conclusion: Omental mesenchymal cells in adjacent to the placenta extract, differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Morphology, ecology and propagation of endangered species of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem )Bignoniaceae) in Golparaki plain of Jiroft (Iran)
Farkhondeh Rezanejad Asma Saberi Fatemeh AlimoradiTecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. is deciduous or nearly evergreen tree that is highly valuable due to showy and beautiful flowers, resistance against extreme temperature and drought, medicinal properties, wood production and ... Morphology, ecology and propagation of this MoreTecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. is deciduous or nearly evergreen tree that is highly valuable due to showy and beautiful flowers, resistance against extreme temperature and drought, medicinal properties, wood production and ... Morphology, ecology and propagation of this species in Golparaky plain of Jiroft was studied. The highest of its distribution in middle east is seen in this plain that has been introduced as genetic reservoir. The species grows on sand dunes and sand loams or stony places of river bed. pH of area soil is equal 7.5 and its EC is 1/3 desi zimen m -2. The amount of micro- and macro-elements and organic carbon of soil was lower than standard. Root branches are long and various which produce new plantlets using vegetative propagation even in distances of 30 m farther. The inflorescence is raceme-cyme, flowers are odorless, protoandrous and contain heteromorph stamens and adnate perianth. In the middle of flower is seen a well-developed nectary disc producing about 1 ml nectar of odorless or purple color. Flowers are cross pollinated but no pollinator was observed in pollination season. The species is fruitless and seedless although flowers seemed normal. Root branches endanger due to floods and soils of sandy and loamy. The seed absence, less vegetative propagation and losing of vegetatively propagated seedlings due to grazing by cattle and sheep and increasing dry and high increase its treat risk. Thus, its protection should be taken seriously. Also, it is recommended to consider to its vegetative reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - -The effect of various growth regulator compounds on gynogenesis of Allium ampeloprasum Taree group in vitro
Mohammad Javad Shakouri Mohammad Reza Hassandokht Sepideh Kalateh Jari Kambiz Larijani Faezeh GhanatiPersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conduct MorePersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. For this purpose, 7 accessions of Persian leeks were selected. Various growth regulator componds2, 4 D at 0, 2 and 4 mg/lit and BA with 0, 2 and 4 mg/l were used in culture medium. The treatments were done on unopened flowers' umbrella and embryogenesis, regeneration and callus percentages of micro samples and the number of haploid plants were measured. The results indicated that Shadegan accessions in culture medium including 4 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l D-4,2 had the highest Percentage of embryogenesis (12.81 %) and regeneration (12.6%). The highest percentage of callus (0.51%) and lowest percentage of callus (0.16%) have been observed in arak and shadegan accession, respectively. Out of 42525 flowers cultivated, 1001 embryo (2.35%), 972 regenerate (97.1%) and 946 plants (94.5%) have survived. Eventually, seven haploid plants were observed. The highest number of haploid was observed in culture medium with 4 mg /liters BA and 2 mg/liters 2.4.D. in Guilan accession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Study of some pollen genotypes viability and comparison of natural and manual pollination in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Najmeh Hosseini فرخنده رضانژاد Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadiIn plants for more grain production, it is possible to use manual pollination in the absence of enough natural pollination. In pistachio, manual pollination can be a solution to the problem of yield reduction caused by pollen shortage. Here, the viability of several mal MoreIn plants for more grain production, it is possible to use manual pollination in the absence of enough natural pollination. In pistachio, manual pollination can be a solution to the problem of yield reduction caused by pollen shortage. Here, the viability of several male genotypes and the effectiveness of manual and natural pollination were compared. 21 male genotypes were selected and the pollen size and tube growth were compared in a completely randomized block design. After 2.5 hours of culture, genotypes 13 (53.33%) and 17 (52.56%) had the highest germination rate and genotype 6 (110 μm) showed the highest pollen tube length. After 5 hours, genotype 21 (74.66%) had the highest germination rate and genotype 8 (150 μm) showed the highest tube length. Manual pollination with a mixture of pollen of high quality genotypes (21, 17, 13, 8 and 6) was performed on two female cultivars of Ahmadaghaei and Kaleghoochi and compared with natural pollination as a split plot design. In manual pollination all flowers had pollen, but in natural pollination, 67% of the flowers were free of pollen. The percentage of falling flowers and fruits in natural pollination (85%) was higher than manual pollination (79%) but, the percentage of fruit blankness in manual pollination (20%) was higher than natural pollination (% 1). It is possible that the high pollen density in manual pollination reduced the flowers drop and increased the number of fruits but, due to insufficiency of nutrients, many seeds could not grow, resulting in blank fruit production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - The effect of soil stress contaminated with lead and cadmium elements in Arak region on growth indicators and chlorophyll and carotenoid content of sunflower cultivars
Babak Paykarestan rezvan karamiborzabadThis research was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of soil contaminated with heavy elements in Arak region on three sunflower cultivars. The first factor includes: soil contaminated with heavy elements collected from Arak region and its comparison with the u MoreThis research was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of soil contaminated with heavy elements in Arak region on three sunflower cultivars. The first factor includes: soil contaminated with heavy elements collected from Arak region and its comparison with the uncontaminated control collected from Tafarsh region, and the second factor includes cultivars including: Armaviroski, Alstar, and Ezoflor, common cultivars of sunflower cultivation in Arak region. The effect of contaminated soil on leaf area index traits and leaf area ratio was significant at the level of 1%, but it had no significant effect on other traits. The effect of the cultivar was also significant on the leaf area index at the level of 1%, but it was not significant on the other evaluated indices.. In the investigation of the content of chlorophyll a, the highest amount was assigned to the Alstar cultivar at the rate of 10.54 mg/g fresh weight of leaves, and the lowest amount was assigned to the variety Azoflor at the rate of 10.23 mg/g fresh weight of leaves, which did not have a significant difference. Examining the amount of carotenoid, Allstar, Armaviroski and Azoflor cultivars had 2.53, 2.07 and 1.98 mg per gram of leaf wet weight, respectively, which was significant at the five percent level. Among the cultivars, the most The seed yield was assigned to the Azoflor cultivar at the rate of 3822 kg/ha and the lowest yield was assigned to the Alstar variety at the rate of 2231 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Sociological Analysis of the Role of Symbols in Strengthening and Sustaining the Flow of Marxism in Iran during the Pahlavi Era
Mahbubeh Paknia Tohid Rastin -
Open Access Article
487 - Evaluation of flow patterns maps of diclofenac sodium solvent extraction in microfluidic systems based on dimensionless numbers
Mahvash Ansarimehr Ahmad Rahbar kelishami Hadi ShayestehIn the present study, the diclofenac (DF) solvent extraction from aqueous solution using tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in Y-type microfluidic junctions with liquid−liquid two-phase flow patterns was studied. Reynolds, Weber, and Capillary dimensionless num MoreIn the present study, the diclofenac (DF) solvent extraction from aqueous solution using tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in Y-type microfluidic junctions with liquid−liquid two-phase flow patterns was studied. Reynolds, Weber, and Capillary dimensionless numbers have been used to investigate the competition between forces affecting the flow patterns. In low capillary and Weber numbers, a slug flow is formed, which indicates that at low velocities of two-phase tension is the force affecting the two-phase flow. With increasing the total flow rate from 1.2 mL/h to 2 mL/h, which is in the range of slug flow, the extraction efficiency decreased from 93% to 90.4%. With increasing the total flow rate from 4 mL/h to 12 mL/h, the slug flow became parallel, and the extraction efficiency decreased from 64.2% to 45.2%. By examining the mass transfer function of microchannels, it can be said that the higher the total flow rate (from 1.2 to 2 mL/h), the more the internal rotations increase, and as a result, the mass transfer coefficient increases from 0.131 1/s to 0.191 1/s. In parallel flow, with an increasing flow rate from 4 mL/h to 12 mL/h due to decreasing residence time and increasing the driving force of concentration, the mass transfer coefficient increases from 0.241 1/s to 0.283 1/s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Simultaneous determination of dopamine and tryptophan using modified glassy carbon electrode with dandelion like Co3O4 nanoflowers
Najmeh Sheybani Shohreh Jahani Mohammad Mehdi ForoughiIn this work glassy carbon electrode modified with dandelion like Co3O4 nanoflower is proposed as an electrochemical sensor to achieve a high-sensitivity electrochemical sensor. The morphology and purity of synthesized nanoflowers are characterized through X-ray diffrac MoreIn this work glassy carbon electrode modified with dandelion like Co3O4 nanoflower is proposed as an electrochemical sensor to achieve a high-sensitivity electrochemical sensor. The morphology and purity of synthesized nanoflowers are characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Then electro-oxidation of the dopamine and tryptophan at the modified electrode surface was studied using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the differential pulse voltammetric pulse current increased with increasing dopamine concentration in the range of 0.1 to 0.900 μM and the detection limit of dopamine was calculated as 0.01 μM. The modified electrode showed a very good resolution between voltammetric peak of dopamine and tryptophan, making it suitable for detecting dopamine in the presence of tryptophan in real samples. High sensitivity and good repeatability of the electrode along with low detection limit can be mentioned as outstanding features of this electrode. This sensor was successfully used to accurately determine of dopamine and tryptophan in ampoules and urine samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Operation of Multiple Reservoirs by utilization of Simulation Method for Analysis of System Dynamics
A Mansoori V Khatib -
Open Access Article
490 - Monitoring of Regional Low-Flow Frequency Using Artificial Neural Networks
M Akbari K Solaimani M Mahdavi M Habibnejhad -
Open Access Article
491 - Effects of End Sill and Step Slope on Stepped Spillway Energy Dissipation
Amirmasoud Hamedi Abbas Mansoori Abolfazl Shamsai Sepideh Amirahmadian -
Open Access Article
492 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Hydraulic Parameters on Debris Flow Control in Inclined Slit Trapezoidal Check Dams
Arash Razmkhah Mohammad reza Pirestani Amir Ebrahimi Fardshad -
Open Access Article
493 - Determination of Aerated Steps Number over Broad-Crest Stepped Spillways under Jet Flow Regime by using Artificial Neural Network
A Dolatshah H.R Vosoughifar -
Open Access Article
494 - CFD and dimensionless parameter analysis of Froude number to determine the flow regime over ogee spillways
H.R Vosoughifar A.R Daneshkhah -
Open Access Article
495 - 3D Numerical Simulation of the Separated Turbulent Shallow Flow around a Single Side Obstacle
A. Safarzadeh L. Esfandiary -
Open Access Article
496 - Introducing a Relationship for Estimation of the Sediment Transport Rate through Rockfill Structures
J Chapokpour E Amiri Tokaldany -
Open Access Article
497 - Prediction of aquifer reaction to different hydrological and management scenarios using visual MODFLOW model-Case study of Qazvin plain
N Faghihi F Kave H Babazadeh -
Open Access Article
498 - Assessment of Turbulent Models in Computation of Strongly Curved Open Channel Flows
Omid Seyedashraf Ali Akbar Akhtari -
Open Access Article
499 - Forecasting of Groundwater Table and Water Budget under Different Drought Scenarios using MODFLOW Model (Case Study: Garbaygan Plain, Fars Province, Iran)
A Fatehi Marj M Taie Semiromi -
Open Access Article
500 - Numerical Simulation of Sediment Distribution and Transmission in Pre-Sedimentation basins Using FV Method and Comparison with the Experimental Results
Mohammad Reza Borna Mohammad Reza Pirestani -
Open Access Article
501 - Investigating the effect of Inlet and Outlet location on Flow field and Sedimentation pattern of a rectangular settling basin using CCHE2D
M.R Majdzadeh Tabatabaie M.R Pirestani S Alimohamadi -
Open Access Article
502 - Sediment Transport in Unsteady Flow Conditions
Seyed Amin Salamatian Amir Reza Zarrati Mojtaba Karimaee -
Open Access Article
503 - Comparison of Binomial and Power Equations in Radial Non-Darcy Flows in Coarse Porous Media
J Sadeghian M Khayat Kholghi A Horfar J Bazargan -
Open Access Article
504 - Long-term Streamflow Forecasting by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Using K-fold Cross-validation: (Case Study: Taleghan Basin, Iran)
Reza Esmaeelzadeh Alireza Borhani Dariane -
Open Access Article
505 - Stream Flow Prediction in Flood Plain by Using Artificial Neural Network (Case Study: Sepidroud Watershed)
A.R Mardookhpour -
Open Access Article
506 - Role of Intellectual Capital on Firms Financial Flexibility and Performance: Based on Time Delay Variable
Farzin Rezaei Khadijeh IsazadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between Intellectual Capital, Financial Flexibility and Financial Performance. Using data drawn from 73 Iranian companies listed in Tehran Stock during 2003-2008, the authors construct regression models to exam MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between Intellectual Capital, Financial Flexibility and Financial Performance. Using data drawn from 73 Iranian companies listed in Tehran Stock during 2003-2008, the authors construct regression models to examine the relationship between Intellectual Capital, Financial Flexibility and Financial Performance. The results support the hypothesis that firms’ intellectual capital has a positive, significant and strong impact on financial flexibility (Free cash flow and Operational cash flow). In addition, evidence is presented that intellectual capital has a positive impact on financial performance (return on assets and cumulative abnormal assets) but intellectual capital does not have a positive impact on sustained capital. Also evidence is presented that the relationship between intellectual capital and financial flexibility is stronger than the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Investigation of the Relationship Between Conservatism and Financial Flexibility in Profitable Firms
Roya DarabiThe purpose of financial statements is to provide useful information about the financial position, financial performance and financial flexibility. In financial reporting, conservatism is considered as one of the main characteristics of reliability of the information. T MoreThe purpose of financial statements is to provide useful information about the financial position, financial performance and financial flexibility. In financial reporting, conservatism is considered as one of the main characteristics of reliability of the information. Thus, we examine the impact of conservatism on financial flexibility of 126 profitable firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010-2016. These companies were selected through screening method. The research method of the present study is applied one in terms of the purpose and future- oriented in terms of collecting data. Research type is descriptive-correlation. In this research, regression analysis and panel data were used to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study indicate that there is a positive relationship between the conservatism of profitable companies and financial flexibility, including the sensitivity of cash flows changes to open cash flows and the sensitivity of cash flows, investment, and payment decisions about dividend payment to shareholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - Cash Flow Management and Financial Performance of Listed Companies on Tehran Stock Exchange
Fatemeh Sarraf Maryam SalehiThe purpose of current research is evaluating cash flow positions of a firm via composite measures and metrics such as Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO), Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Operating Cas MoreThe purpose of current research is evaluating cash flow positions of a firm via composite measures and metrics such as Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO), Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Operating Cash Cycle (OCC) and the effect of these changes on the firm financial performance. For this purpose, the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange have been investigated. In order to examining the relation between cash flow management and firm financial performance, linear regression have been utilized. In this research we use eight variables and this study attempts to address six hypotheses. The samples including 67 firms which are studied during 2009-2013 and consists of twenty periods of quarterly data. The findings indicates that there is a meaningful relation between Days of Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days of Payables Outstanding (DPO), Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Operating Cash Cycle (OCC) and financial performance, but there isn’t any meaningful relation between Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO) and firm financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - The Relationship between Operating Cash Flows and Life Cycle Characteristics of Companies Participating in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Fatemeh Saraf Samineh HaghparastThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between operating cash flows and life cycle characteristics of companies participating in the Tehran Stock Exchange. During the study period 1389 to 1393, 495 active companies in the years listed were chosen. The MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between operating cash flows and life cycle characteristics of companies participating in the Tehran Stock Exchange. During the study period 1389 to 1393, 495 active companies in the years listed were chosen. The results showed that there is a meaningful relation between operating net cash flows and companies’ life cycle characteristics so that the firms that have high capital expenditure and sales growth, will show more operating cash flow since the scope of their understanding of the economic profits is different from their conception of economic losses. Operating cash flows are reduced in accordance with the age and size of the firms. With increasing company size, its stability and sustainability in the competitive markets develops, time variability of cash flows is reduced and its fluctuations will be limited. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - The Effect of Unusual Operating Cash Flows on Earnings Sustainability in the Listed Companies of Tehran Stock Exchange
Hossien fakhari Javad Mohammadi Mohsen Hasanataj KordiCorporate executives may reduce the fluctuation of profits by using unusual operating cash flows and improve its sustainability. The consequences may be the creation of information that can be far from economic reality and making false economic decisions for stakeholder MoreCorporate executives may reduce the fluctuation of profits by using unusual operating cash flows and improve its sustainability. The consequences may be the creation of information that can be far from economic reality and making false economic decisions for stakeholders. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of unusual operating cash flows on earnings sustainability in listed companies at Tehran Stock Exchange. Accordingly, the data from 93 listed companies at Tehran Stock Exchange have been investigated during the period from 2010 to 2015 by multivariate regression analysis based on combined data analysis. Before testing the hypotheses, the data were analyzed to have an acceptable reliability and the results showed that all the variables were stationary. The results of regression estimation showed that unusual operating cash flows have a positive and significant effect on earnings sustainability. These findings further emphasize the fact that executives continue to manipulate profits through operational activities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - The Relationship Between Cash Flow Forecasting and Cost of Owners’ Equity
Ali Baghani narges ghorbani Cash flow forecasting is an important factor in many economic decisions because cash flows play an important role in almost all decision making by groups such as securities analysts, creditors and managers (Sloan, 1996). To discover this fact, the relationship b More Cash flow forecasting is an important factor in many economic decisions because cash flows play an important role in almost all decision making by groups such as securities analysts, creditors and managers (Sloan, 1996). To discover this fact, the relationship between the cash flow forecasting and the cost of owners’ equity was investigated. In this study, using the data analysis, the relationship between cash flow forecasting and cost of owners’ equity was examined. The statistical sample of research consisted of 167 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the 6 years and a multivariate regression method were used to test the hypotheses for gathering information. Test of the hypothesis and finally analysis of the data were done using Excel software as well as statistical software Spss23, Eviews9, Minitab19.The following models have been used to test the hypothesis according to Sang Hwan Yaongs paper (2015). According to the number of variables studied, multiple regression was used. The results of the research show that there is no significant relationship between cash flow forecasts and the cost of owners’ equity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Investigating the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Dividend Quality with the Adjusting Role of Free Cash Flow
gholamreza farsadamanollahi Amirreza KeyghobadiDifferent ownership structure and active shareholders’ roles may lead to a change in companies’ behavior. In the present study, corporate governance utilizes the components of institutional and managerial ownership as independent variables, free cash flow as MoreDifferent ownership structure and active shareholders’ roles may lead to a change in companies’ behavior. In the present study, corporate governance utilizes the components of institutional and managerial ownership as independent variables, free cash flow as adjusting variable, return on assets as control variables, and dividend quality as dependent variable. In this study, the data was analyzed using fixed effect regression and the data of 136 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2010-2015 was used. The findings of this research indicated that there is a significant and direct relationship between institutional ownership and management ownership and earnings quality. Moreover, the effect of free flow of cash on the relationship between institutional ownership, management ownership and the quality of profit is negative and significant. This result is consistent with the findings of Jensen (2004), Aligholi et al. (2015), and Philsaraei et al. (2012) but is inconsistent to the findings of Mashayekh et al. (2006) and this inconsistency may be attributed to such factors as economic downturn influencing Iranian capital market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - The Role of Accruals, Cash Flows and their Information Content in Operating Profitability of the Stock Returns
Razieh Fatehpour Jalil FarokhiDifferent criteria have been offered so far to evaluate the performance of commercial units and at the time being the most usual and the most important criterion of performance evaluation and profitability of the institutes is the stock return which has a key role in in MoreDifferent criteria have been offered so far to evaluate the performance of commercial units and at the time being the most usual and the most important criterion of performance evaluation and profitability of the institutes is the stock return which has a key role in investment. This criterion alone has had information content for the investors and is used to evaluate the performance and operations of a commercial unit. Whenever this criterion declines, it will be an alarm for the company and indicates that the company performance is not appropriate. This study aims to examine the role of components of cash flows and accruals and their information content in anticipating the stock return. The time period of the research consisted of 5 consecutive years from 2009 to 2014 and the research sample consists of 154 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In the current study the hypotheses testing method is panel data which was carried out with the use of software EVewis8, R3.1, SAS 9.4 and EXCEL2010 and according to the output of the software, the significance of the relationships between variables was investigated. The sample test results show that the cash component and profit accrual have a significant impact on future stock returns, but the effect of accrual component is larger than that of cash component. Also the results indicate that the effect of accrual component on future stock returns is significantly different from the effect rate of profit cash flow on future stock returns of companies with different Sharpe Ratio. The companies with higher Sharpe ratio, receive returns with lower risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - The Investigation of Relationship between Free Cash Flows and Over-Investment through Considering Adjusted Role of Corporate Governance Mechanisms in Tehran Stock Exchange
meisam rahimi lacktaseraei Hoda HemmtiThe purpose of this research is the survey of relationship between free cash flows and over-investment through considering adjusted role of corporate governance mechanisms in Tehran Stock Exchange. This practical research is executed through descriptive-correlation meth MoreThe purpose of this research is the survey of relationship between free cash flows and over-investment through considering adjusted role of corporate governance mechanisms in Tehran Stock Exchange. This practical research is executed through descriptive-correlation method. This research was done through systematic knockout sampling in companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 to 2015 with a sample of 134 items. To conduct this research, regression model was used via statistical softwares of Eviews 6 and SPSS 18. The findings of this research show that free cash flows have negative effect on the over-investment in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The effect of the independence of the directors’ board on this relationship has also been confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The Relationship between Cost of Equity and Risk in Earning Components (accruals and cash flows) in Tehran Stock Exchange Firms
حسین Karbasiyazdi عبدالله Neami M.S MiraghaiRisk in total earning is a determinant for estimating the cost of equity,but when firm,s earnings are smoothed,aggregate earnings can conceal the risk of oprations.In such a case,it seems that the components of earning such as accruals and operating cash flows play an i MoreRisk in total earning is a determinant for estimating the cost of equity,but when firm,s earnings are smoothed,aggregate earnings can conceal the risk of oprations.In such a case,it seems that the components of earning such as accruals and operating cash flows play an important role in risk measurement and cost of equity estimation.The purpose of this study is to invectigate the relationship between the cost of equity and the risk in earning components and also a better estimation of the cost of equity.There are 59 sample firms and the research method is correlation .For testing the three hypotheses,the researchers used regression analysis and Pearsonian correlation,and Tpaired method for testing the fourth hypothesis.The research results show that there is a weak and reverse correlation between the cost of equity and total earning risk and also between the cost of equity and the risk in operating cash flows and the risk in accruals.Other results show that estimation of the cost of equity is based on risk in earning components in comparison with total earning risk causes a better evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Histological study of the Flower horn fish gills (Flower horn) fed different levels of hydrolyzed cow skin
A. Veisi A. Vosoughi A. DadgarThe present study fulfilled to investigate possible changes in the structure of the gills of Flower horn fishes fed diets containing different levels of cow skin hydrolyze. For this purpose, 216 Flower horn fishes with mean weight of 0.95 ± 0.2 g and the mean len MoreThe present study fulfilled to investigate possible changes in the structure of the gills of Flower horn fishes fed diets containing different levels of cow skin hydrolyze. For this purpose, 216 Flower horn fishes with mean weight of 0.95 ± 0.2 g and the mean length of 3.7 ± 0.2 cm were fed for 100 days with levels of 20 percent (T1), 40 percent (T2), 60 percent (T3), 80 percent (T4), 100 percent (T5) replacement hydrolyzed cow skin instead of fish meal. Control diet (T6) had no hydrolyzed cow skin. The results indicated that the gills of fishes fed with level 0, 20 and 40 percent cow skin hydrolyze were healthy and certain symptoms in the gills were not found. In the gills of fishes fed with diet containing 60 percent cow skin hydrolyze, symptoms such as mild hyperplasia in the secondary lamella and mild skin lesions were observed. In some gill tissue samples from treatment (T4) some secondary lamella were wide. In the gill treatment T5, tissue lesions were more. Cutaneous lesions in the secondary lamella, shortage and lengthening of some secondary strings and Aneurysm (hyperemia) in the secondary lamella, were lesions that were observed in the gill tissue samples of treatment T5. From the above findings, it can be concluded that with the increase in cow skin hydrolyze, from levels of 40%, adverse effects in gill tissue was increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - روشی برای تخمین عملکرد توربین های جریان محوری بر اساس پیش بینی تلفات
ح. جوانیان جویباری م. افتخاری م.ر. شاه حسینی ف. قدک م. راد -
Open Access Article
518 - کاهش ناحیه جدایش جریان هوا وتوربولانس در اطراف ایرفویل با استفاده از نیروهای حجمی
وحید منفرد غلامرضا تطهیری علیرضا انصاری محمد بیگدلی -
Open Access Article
519 - مدل سازی پیش بینی عملکرد کمپرسور جریان محوری با معادلات جریان
محمد افطاری حمید جوادیان جویباری مجید رضا شاه حسینی فرهاد قدک منوچهر راد -
Open Access Article
520 - مطالعه کوتاه برآناتومی و فیزیولوژی دستگاه تنفس و بررسی فیلترHME دستگاه ونتیلاتور
سمیه یعقوبی حسین محمدی جوزدانی بهزاد کریم خانیدر این پژوهش ابتدا مروری بر آناتومی و فیزیولوژی دستگاه تنفس خواهیم کرد، سپس فیلترهای دستگاه ونتیلاتور مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. در این مقاله فیلتری مشابه فیلتر HME دستگاه ونتیلاتور اما با تغییرات جزئی در هندسه آن، طرحی شده است. این طراحی به کمک نرم افزار سالیدورک انجام Moreدر این پژوهش ابتدا مروری بر آناتومی و فیزیولوژی دستگاه تنفس خواهیم کرد، سپس فیلترهای دستگاه ونتیلاتور مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. در این مقاله فیلتری مشابه فیلتر HME دستگاه ونتیلاتور اما با تغییرات جزئی در هندسه آن، طرحی شده است. این طراحی به کمک نرم افزار سالیدورک انجام گرفته است. بعد از آن تحلیل های تنش بر روی فیلتر مورد نظر وهمچنین تعیین جنس آن فیلتر در این مقاله انجام شدهاست. سپس به تحلیل جریان سیال که معمولا اکسیژن میباشد، پرداختهایم و دریافتیم که در طراحی جدید سرعت اکسیژن در دستگاه بیشتر خواهد بود و بخار کمتری خواهد داشت. در نهایت هم آب اضافی خارج خواهد شد، که در این پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در ادامه تحلیل گرمایی فیلتر طراحی شده انجام گرفته و ملاحظه شد که پس از وارد شدن گرمای معادل از دمای اتاق تا دمای تب در بدن بعد از افزایش تا حدود2/1 درجه سانتیگراد نیز به سرعت به دمای اولیه برگشته و دمای بالای مذکور بر فیلتر اثر گذار نخواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Application of Valuation Model in Iranian Electricity Distribution Companies
Hassan Siahkali Donia Mahabadi -
Open Access Article
522 - Comparison of the intellectual style of the Chaharchaman and Manteq al-Tair
Behzad Zaker getabi Sepideh Sepehri Elahe HajiehaThe subject of the influence of the past literature is certain and definite in each period and is not assigned to a specific or definite period. Every poet has an opinion on the works of the past, both in terms of the choice of words and phrases and in terms of the qual MoreThe subject of the influence of the past literature is certain and definite in each period and is not assigned to a specific or definite period. Every poet has an opinion on the works of the past, both in terms of the choice of words and phrases and in terms of the quality of their use in compositions, and especially in terms of content and theme. Among these poems, "Chaharchaman" is a symbolic and allegorical work Shahdaie, mystic and poet of the ninth century, which is influenced by Mantegh-al-tair; That is, the main theme of both systems is the search for the god or his understanding of how. In Chaharchaman, the main character of the story called "Shogh" sits alone with sixteen flowers and four birds and exchanges his questions with each of them. Hence, the themes, interpretations and structure of this work are very similar to Mantegh-al-tair. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the findings of the research show that many mystical concepts used in Mantegh-al-tair, such as unity of existence, wonder, veil, pain, etc have been repeated in Chaharchaman. Many characters in Chaharchaman and Manteq al-Tair, such as Banafsheh and Sawa, Susan and Bat, Nasrin and Tavous, have a common idea and profession, and their roles and actions in the story are the same. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - The Impact of ICT onTotal Factor Productivity in Selected Countries of The World
Ahmad Jafarisamimi Alireza daghighiasli Mah shad ArabIn recent years, Information and Communications Technology has the greatest impact on different aspects of human's life including effect of this technology on all economic sectors. In particular, ICT has increased Total Factor Productivity in many countries of the world MoreIn recent years, Information and Communications Technology has the greatest impact on different aspects of human's life including effect of this technology on all economic sectors. In particular, ICT has increased Total Factor Productivity in many countries of the world especially developed countries from the second half of the 0991s. ICT capital has characteristics of knowledge commodity. Hence, it is able both through capital deepening and by its overflowing effect to affect productivity. This paper investigates ICT impact on TFP using Panel Data Method for the sample of selected developing and developed countries within the time period 3112-3112. Results of this study indicate that ICT internal investment and ICT external capital or the very ICT overflow, both, have positive and significant effect on TFP both in the sample of all the selected developing countries and in the sample of developed countries. In addition, effect of human capital on TFP in both samples of developed countries and selected developing countries was found positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Comparative Investigating of Stock Valuation Discount Models with Emphasizing on Type of Industry in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mehdi Arabsalehi Alireza Kamali DehkordiAbstract The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchang MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1398, considering the effect of the type of industry on the performance of these models. done. To carry out this research, the statistical sample, which included 105 companies, was divided into two groups: strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Then the aforementioned models were compared in relation to strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Also, the performance of each model was compared between strategic and non-strategic industries. The results of running the models and carrying out T-tests and variance analysis show that in strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by the models of discounting cash profits and discounting cash flows have the highest correlation with the stock market value. But in non-strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by any of the studied models had no significant correlation with the stock market value. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient of the intrinsic values estimated by all four models except the residual profit model with the stock market value was significantly higher in strategic industries than in non-strategic industries. The results show that in the Tehran Stock Exchange, profit cash items as well as cash flows are accepted more than other accounting information as criteria for buying and selling stocks. Also, the results of the research show that the profits and cash flows of companies active in strategic industries are more stable than in non-strategic industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Investigating the effects of types of cash flow and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance to predict financial bankruptcy (firefly algorithm)
Gurban Heki Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi Seyyed Mohammad Reza DavodiAbstract Companies need sufficient resources to continue operating, including sufficient cash to pay lenders. If the company does not have enough ability to acquire resources to meet its needs, it will suffer financial helplessness. When faced with financial helplessne MoreAbstract Companies need sufficient resources to continue operating, including sufficient cash to pay lenders. If the company does not have enough ability to acquire resources to meet its needs, it will suffer financial helplessness. When faced with financial helplessness, companies manipulate accounting profit as one of the performance evaluation items. In this situation, the management manages the profit by manipulating the accounts, the purpose of which is to give good information and news to the capital market, in order to prevent the decrease of the company's value. If the accounts are manipulated, the existence philosophy of the financial statements will be damaged and their reliability will be lost. Therefore, in the present research, the effects of cash flow types and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance have been analyzed in order to predict financial bankruptcy in Tehran stock exchange companies. For this purpose, the data of 128 selected companies during the period of 1390 to 1398 have been used. Data analysis was done in two parts; In the first part, using the panel data regression method, the effect of cash flow types and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance of companies has been estimated. The results of this part showed that the profit management variable had positive effects and the performance variables, controlling shareholders, capital cash flows, equity cash flows and free operating cash flows had a negative effect on the bankruptcy criteria of companies; In addition, it was observed that the types of cash flows examined in this research had a moderating effect on the relationship between profit management and corporate bankruptcy. Next, in the second part of the analysis, based on the coefficients obtained in the previous part and using the firefly algorithm, it is discussed. The results of this part also showed that the percentage of success of the firefly algorithm in predicting the bankruptcy of companies was equal to 98.12%. Based on this, it is suggested that policies based on control and preservation of various cash flows and the use of controlling shareholders be used to reduce the possibility of bankruptcy of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - Effect of Growth Stage on the Macro Mineral Concentrations of Forbs and Grasses in a Semi-arid Region of Sudan
Sahar Ezzat Babo Fadlalla Hala Ahmed -
Open Access Article
527 - Flowering Features and Breeding Systems of Seven Native Salvia Species in Iran
Ghasem Esmaeili Majid Azizi Hossein Arouiee Jamil Vaezi -
Open Access Article
528 - Assessment of Phenological Stages of Iris ferdowsii, a New Endangered Species Based on BBCH System
Nasim Safari Ali Tehranifar Mahdiyeh Kharrazi Mahmoud Shoor -
Open Access Article
529 - Reviewing the Efficiencies of Informative Content in External Financial Reporting to Forecasting of Behavior of Stocks Return for the Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchanges by Canonical Correlation Analysis
ٍElaheh Safaei TabriziThis investigation, examine the association among accounting components based-on accrual approach & accounting components based-on operating cash flows approach with components of behavior of common shares return for the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchanges. Howev MoreThis investigation, examine the association among accounting components based-on accrual approach & accounting components based-on operating cash flows approach with components of behavior of common shares return for the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchanges. However since that the goals of present investigation is determining the relation between two or more phenomena, so it to be defines as correlation researches. . Sampling method is filtering or systematic removing. Volume of sample is equal to (100) firms during the six years, and so analyzed data of (600) firms-fiscal years in form of cross-section method. Statistical feedback from testing of hypotheses are done by correspondent canonical correlation analysis. . Statistical feedback of testing principle hypotheses, confirms that in ninety five percentage intervals confidence, there are significant & positive-imperfect association between synthetic linearity combinations of behavior of stock return with informative content of components based-on accrual approach, synthetic linear combinations of accounting components based-on operating cash-flows approach & synthetic linear combination of accounting consolidated components based-on accrual-operating cash flows approach. In addition to, informative content of synthetic linear combination of components based-on operating cash-flows approach, are higher than synthetic linear combination of accounting components based-on accrual approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - The effects of exchange rate appreciation on the stock value of pharmaceutical companies based on the estimated value obtained from the evaluation models of cash dividend discount, free cash flow and residual profit and real price
Javad Einabadi nayereh moradiThe effect of exchange rate appreciation on the stock value of pharmaceutical companies based on the estimated value obtained from the evaluation models of cash dividend discount, free cash flow and residual profit and real priceAbstractIn order to conduct this research MoreThe effect of exchange rate appreciation on the stock value of pharmaceutical companies based on the estimated value obtained from the evaluation models of cash dividend discount, free cash flow and residual profit and real priceAbstractIn order to conduct this research, basic information and stock prices of 52 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1398 have been collected and used in evaluation using the cash flow discount model and other models. (1) And testing the first hypothesis of the research, in order to calculate the stock valuation for pharmaceutical companies using three models of discounted dividend, discounted dividend and discounted free cash flow, showed that the estimated stock price using the discounted dividend model has the highest Dispersion and with the discount dividend model has the lowest dispersionThe results show that at 75% confidence level there is a direct relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and stocks of pharmaceutical companies and between the three models of price estimation and real stock prices, at least one group average is different from other groups. (2) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Investigating the effect of internal controls on the relationship between the level of social responsibility and the sensitivity of investment on cash flow
Forouzan Mohammadi Yarijani Maryam NouraeiAlthough the amount of investment of companies is caused by several factors. But the internal control factor is expected to have an effect on the cash flow of the company and the social responsibility of the companies. Therefore, the aim of the research is to answer the MoreAlthough the amount of investment of companies is caused by several factors. But the internal control factor is expected to have an effect on the cash flow of the company and the social responsibility of the companies. Therefore, the aim of the research is to answer the question of what is the effect of internal controls on the relationship between the level of social responsibility and the sensitivity of investment to cash flow. The research method is descriptive and causal-correlation in terms of relationship between variables and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample includes 140 companies during the years 2015 to 2019. The regression method and panel data as well as the fixed effects model were used to process the hypotheses and Wes Weaver software was used to search for the most cited authors. The level of social responsibility with the sensitivity of cash flow investment and internal controls has a negative and significant effect on the relationship between the level of social responsibility. Therefore, it can be argued that the disclosure of social responsibility reports will increase the quality of accounting information and reduce information asymmetry, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - The Effect of Free Cash Flow on the Efficacy of Investment Using Panel Generalized Moment Regressions (GMM)
پارسا پرتوی فاطمه صراف فاطمه بشارت پورThe major goal of the present research is to investigate about the effect of free cash flow on investment efficiency. The statistical population for the present study involves all firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample included 134 firms regarding the defin MoreThe major goal of the present research is to investigate about the effect of free cash flow on investment efficiency. The statistical population for the present study involves all firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample included 134 firms regarding the definitions for the criteria utilized by the researcher and making benefit of a systematic deletion method. The research method is quasi-experimental using a post incidental approach. The research method is regression correlation-analysis of applied type and to investigate about the effect of the independent variable (free cash flow) on the dependent variable (investment) we have utilized economic measurement models. The hypotheses were studied by using a panel multiple regression method and the method used to estimate the data was a dynamic model using a generalized moment regression (GMM). Results showed that free cash flows have had a positive and meaningful effect on over-investment and under-investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - نقش کیفیت حاکمیت شرکتی دررابطه بین جریانهای نقدی آزاد ودستکاری فعالیتهای واقعی
جمال بحری ثالث عسگر پاک مرام سعید یوسفی -
Open Access Article
534 - The Relation between Average of Stock Return, Firm Size, Earning and Cash Flow Volatilities Cycle
Feraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Hashem ValipourStock return, firm size, earning volatility and cash flow volatility, are important variables in financial and accounting issues, which considering them can improve the quality of decisions. Therefore, this research study whether stock return in firms with smoother earn MoreStock return, firm size, earning volatility and cash flow volatility, are important variables in financial and accounting issues, which considering them can improve the quality of decisions. Therefore, this research study whether stock return in firms with smoother earning significantly different firms with smoother cash flows. On the other hand, this research tests the same question, with the firm size instead of stock return. Statistical population includes firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange(TSE), which based on considered conditions, 50 firms have been ed during 1999-2008. T-test has been applied for hypothesizes test. Results indicate that, there is no difference between average return of two groups of firms that categorized according earning and cash flow volatilities cycle, but there isn’t difference between firm size in the two groups of firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - The Relation Between Inflation and Creteria of Capital Budgeting
Mohamed Syrany Hassan TahershamsInvestors & creditors and others needs to relevant and accurate financial information for make decisions.this research intended to study the relevant between inflation & assessment criteria's capital budgeting in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange among 1 MoreInvestors & creditors and others needs to relevant and accurate financial information for make decisions.this research intended to study the relevant between inflation & assessment criteria's capital budgeting in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange among 1383 to 1388. Sampling method is simple sample method. In this research ed 30 companies. Results of research show that countries with inflation economic when companies applies cost method accounting for assessment of criteria's capital budgeting is not provides useful and relevant financial information for investment decisions and decision makers has in wrong. Findings shows that for assessment of criteria's capital budgeting we must adjusted the cash in and out flows with included of inflation rate in our calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - The Impact of Cash Flow Asymmetric Sensitivity on Relationship between Financing Constraints and Conditional Conservatism
یداله تاری وردی ندا عمادیانThis study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hy MoreThis study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hypothesis, themultiple linear regression modelswere used. The findings show that financing constraints have a positive& meaningful impact onconditional conservatism.AlsoCash flow asymmetric sensitivitydoesn't have positive &meaningful impact on conditional conservatism. In addition, Cash flow asymmetric sensitivity does not have a positive & meaningful impact on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - Enterprises Valuation in Tehran Stock Exchange by Analyzing Actual Cash Flows and Using the Model Arzac 2005
Roya Darabi Katayoon AlimardaniValuation is assumed as the common aspect of all financial activities. This plays the main role in optimum allocating of capital. Valuation of enterprises is the most important and also the most complicated economic concepts in all countries so that in advanced countrie MoreValuation is assumed as the common aspect of all financial activities. This plays the main role in optimum allocating of capital. Valuation of enterprises is the most important and also the most complicated economic concepts in all countries so that in advanced countries with advanced capital markets, value of enterprises is specified through investment banks, investment consultants and specialized standards for each industry. In our country, by communicating general politics of the article 44 of law by the leader Mr. Khamenei and the importance of valuation to execute his orders and regarding to the problems in last year’s in valuation of the enterprises which are made by the organizations trying to make the enterprises private, this has become a substantial subject. In this research which is deductive-inductive, we are inspecting the value of adopted enterprises in Tehran stock exchanges by using actual cash flow and comparing it with market value through analyzing the regression. There are two hypotheses given to investigate this subject, that to investigate it in years 1382-1387, 60 enterprises are ed as sample which are divided in to 3 groups; enterprises with 5 year information(39 enterprises), enterprises with 4 year information(49 enterprises) and enterprises with 3 year information(48 enterprises) related to cash flows, and value of enterprise is calculated by using actual capital cash flows and it is compared with market value of enterprise. In fact, in this research well known statement in finance textbooks about equality of enterprise value with Present Value of Future cash flow is being challenged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - تأثیر جریانهای نقدی آزاد مازاد، نظام راهبری شرکتی و اندازه شرکت بر پیش بینی پذیری سود
ناصر ایزدی نیا وحید رو ح الهی -
Open Access Article
539 - The Effect of Financing Policies on the Agency Cost
Hosein Jabbari Halimeh Rahmani Mohammadali VafaporIn this study ,we provided survey the effect of financing policies on the agency cost in the stock exchange market of Tehran. Agency relation is an agreement, according that owner elect the person and give option to him for deicide firm's operating activity. After agenc MoreIn this study ,we provided survey the effect of financing policies on the agency cost in the stock exchange market of Tehran. Agency relation is an agreement, according that owner elect the person and give option to him for deicide firm's operating activity. After agency agreement, agency cost raised because of conflict interests between both of the agreement parties. Agency cost has inversing effect on the firm. Therefore the firm looks for controlling and reduce the agency cost. In this research, we defined "Q Tobin "Index to measure the agency cost. This study is applied research and its purpose is surveying the relation between financial leverage, cash dividend and debt ratio of firm's on agency cost. The society of this study is consisted of all active firms in Tehran stock exchange in duration,(1384-1388). After systematic sampling, we collecting 186 firms. In order to test the correlation between the variables, Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used. Also the result of Durbin Watson test is 1. 822 and it means that there is not first order serial and on totality can reliance to results. The results show that there is no relation between financial leverage and agency cost. Also the findings show positive relation between cash dividend and agency cost. Finally the result show negative relation between debt ratio and agency cost Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Usefulness Offair Value of Loan Facility for Predicting Banks, Future Operational Cash Flows
مریم رستمی حمیدرضا کردلویی غلامحسن تقی نتاج ملکشاه فرهاد حنیفیIn this study, the model of barth et.al (2001) was applied for predicting banks, future operational cash flows and for calculating fair value of loans was applied the model of Tschirhart et al. (2007).The hypotheses of the study were tested through the panel data gather MoreIn this study, the model of barth et.al (2001) was applied for predicting banks, future operational cash flows and for calculating fair value of loans was applied the model of Tschirhart et al. (2007).The hypotheses of the study were tested through the panel data gathered from 18 listed banks in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this researchoperational cash flows of one and two future-year of banks are considered. The findings of the first hypothesis of the research indicated that with 90% assurance only changes of fair value has a significant and negative relation with one year-future operational cash flows and changes of cost of loans has no effect. The findings of the second hypothesis of the research indicated that with 90% assurance both changes of fair value and changes of cost of loanshave a significant and negative relation with two year-future operational cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Design of a New IPFC-Based Damping Neurocontrol for Enhancing Stability of a Power System Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Ghazanfar Shahgholian Mehdi Mahdavian Michael Noorani Kalteh Mohammadreza Janghorbani -
Open Access Article
542 - Integrated Fuzzy Control of Temperature, Light and Emergency Conditions for Smart Home Application
Armaghan Rahimi fardad farokhi Shahram Javadi -
Open Access Article
543 - Adaptive Online Traffic Flow Prediction Using Aggregated Neuro Fuzzy Approach
Shiva Rahimipour Mahnaz Mohaqeq S.Mehdi Hashemi -
Open Access Article
544 - Gas Flow Metering Using the PSO Optimized Interval Type- 2 Fuzzy Neural Network
Mirhossein Hamedi Kamel Sabahi -
Open Access Article
545 - A Survey on the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on Power Flow Components
Ferinar Moaidi Masoud Aliakbar Golkar -
Open Access Article
546 - A New Method for Simplification and Reduction of State Estimation’s Computational Complexity in Stability Analysis of Power Systems
Ebadollah Amouzad Mahdiraji Seyed Mohammad Shariatmadar -
Open Access Article
547 - Locating, Sizing, and Optimal Planning of the Distribution Substations Using Vanadium Flow Battery Storage to Improve the Efficiency of the Power Distribution Network
Ebadollah Amouzad Mahdiraji Mojtaba Sedghi Amiri -
Open Access Article
548 - A Brief Overview of the Application of Unified Power Flow Controller in Power Systems
Mehdi Riahinasab Majid Dehghani Arman Fathollahi Mohammad Reza Behzadfar -
Open Access Article
549 - Investigation of Parameters Affecting the Geometry of Red Blood Cell Using Low-Dimension Model in Dissipative Particle Dynamics
Somaye Yaghoubi -
Open Access Article
550 - Analysis and Comparison of Load Flow Methods for Distribution Networks Considering Distributed Generation
M Sedghi M Aliakbar-Golkar -
Open Access Article
551 - Determination of Composite System Adequacy Equivalents Using a Reduction Technique: a Case Study on a Regional Electric Company
Reza Keypour Hessam Golmohamadi M. S. Jahan Saeed Saeedi Asghar Akhundi -
Open Access Article
552 - A New Algorithm for Load Flow Analysis in Autonomous Networks
M. Abedi -
Open Access Article
553 - Designing a Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model of Green Closed Loop Supply Network (GCLSN) direction integrating financial and operational flow
shahram mokhlesabadi Mohammadreza Kabaranzadeh Khadim Hasanali Aghajanikasehgar Mohammad Mehdi MovahediToday's the world is more competitive than ever therefore in order to survive in such an environment for organizations having with a supply management network has become an essential issue a recyclable and environmentally friendly product. The purpose of this article is MoreToday's the world is more competitive than ever therefore in order to survive in such an environment for organizations having with a supply management network has become an essential issue a recyclable and environmentally friendly product. The purpose of this article is to design Green Closed Loop Network (GCLN) to integrate financial- physical flows. The innovation of this article designing a four objective model to minimize deviations in financial indicators from desired limits; Costs; The rate of emission of pollutant gases throughout the environmental network and maximizing profits of shareholders using mathematical modeling of Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) with considering financial flows and its integration with physical flow. Modeling problem of FGP in a multi level multi period and multi product supply network with aim of maximizing shareholder wealth. To deal with multi-objective nature of FGP has been used. The model is designed and implemented in the dairy industry. The proposed model has been designed with GAMS24 software CPLEX solver tested using epsilon method of constraint. The results of modeling and solving numerical model show importance of the role of financial ratios and at the same time consider operational financial dimensions in mathematical model to gain a stable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Designing of Fuzzy Multi-Objective (FMO) optimization model orientation integration of financial and operational flow in LARG supply network
Sina Aboei Mehrezi Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi Alireza Rashidi KemijanThe purpose of this article was to designing four level supply network with the simultaneous consideration of operational and financial flow in LARG supply network framework in Saipa Yadak Company. The innovation of article was presenting an integrated financial- operat MoreThe purpose of this article was to designing four level supply network with the simultaneous consideration of operational and financial flow in LARG supply network framework in Saipa Yadak Company. The innovation of article was presenting an integrated financial- operational approach to LARG supply network and new aspect of research was considering four levels of suppliers factories distribution centers and customers by Fuzzy Multi-Objective (FMO) optimization at strategic and technical decision-making levels. One of the prominent features of proposed model was use of Goal Programing (GP) for modeling financial flow and achieving producer's financial goals. Since the proposed model was a two objective model SO and TH FMO interactive approaches which are able to adjust degree of satisfaction of the objective functions were used to solve model. Using these approaches in addition to GP the enables decision-maker to make final decision by choosing the right solution based on degree of satisfaction and priority of each objective function. The mathematical model presented in the GAMS optimization software were coded and solved with CPLEX solver. Finally to show the efficiency and fit of the model integrated financial approach of the present article was compared with a non-financial model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Investigating the Dynamic relations between the Trend of Tehran Stock Exchange’s index and the Cumulative Funds' Cash Flow".
mirfeiz fallah Amirhosseyn shamaeezadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds establi MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds established and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during this period. .In this study, an index of net cash flows into mutual funds daily and cumulatively is considered as a measure of cash flow compared to the TSE Index (TEDPIX). The results of this test indicate that the two indices are coherent in series and their relationships are significant in the long run. Also, the Granger causality test was used to examine the interrelationships between these two indices.The results of this test showed that there is an interaction between the two indices. This means that in the long run, both indices affect each other so net cash inflows to the funds can be a measure for predicting the overall indices trend but with Attention to the behavioral errors identified in similar articles.for predicting the index cannot be relied solely on net cash inflows into the funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - Investigating the intelligence of investors of mutual funds during the recession and economic prosperity of the capital market
bahareh heidari mogadam mirfeia fallahshams gholamreza zomorodianThe purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of mutual fund investors to predict the performance of mutual funds and select a fund with higher returns. To predict whether investors and the cash they enter into investment funds will be able to select a more ef MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of mutual fund investors to predict the performance of mutual funds and select a fund with higher returns. To predict whether investors and the cash they enter into investment funds will be able to select a more efficient fund, first, the information of 34 funds in the period 2012 to 2020 was Collected to examine the intelligence of cash. The economic prosperity periods of the market were then examined separately to determine whether investors had acted differently in different market periods. Also, real and legal investors are separated from each other to examine the performance of each separately. Using Carhart's four-factor model, the adjusted return on risk of the funds was calculated to assess the intelligence of investors, which showed that group of real and legal investors, at the time of entry during market blooming and at the time of exit money during market stagnation act wisely in mutual funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - The effect of financial leverage on the Company's operating liquidity (within the model GOEL)
kamran karimi Shadi Shahverdiani Afsaneh NaeemifarThe main aim of the present study is to examine the effect of financial leverage on operating liquidity in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the time pe MoreThe main aim of the present study is to examine the effect of financial leverage on operating liquidity in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period of 2008 to 2014 and sample volume is equal to 118 companies by using screening method and after the elimination of outlaying observations. In this study, financial leverage was taken as independent variable in order to study its effect on current ratio, cash flow conversion cycle margin of the operational cash flow and return on assets. In this study, in which panel data with fixed and random effects were used, results obtained from firm data analysis by using multivariate regression at 95% confidence level indicated that financial leverage has a direct effect on return on assets. It was also indicated that financial leverage has a reverse effect on current ratio and cash flow conversion cycle. In addition financial leverage did not affect on the margin of the operational cash flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - Examining the overflow of financial stress index fluctuations on inflation, interest rate, liquidity and industry index using GARCH-BEKK and VAR models and Granger causality
Rohollah Rezazadeh Mirfeiz FalahDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may differ from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the effects of financial stress on economic activity and inflation during the period of MoreDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may differ from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the effects of financial stress on economic activity and inflation during the period of financial instability. In this paper, hence, the effect of the deterioration of financial conditions of the Iranian economy on macroeconomic variables between 2012 and 2017 has been investigated. For this purpose, in this research, we intend to study the impact of the fluctuations of the financial stress index on inflation, interest rates, liquidity, and industry index by developing the financial stress index using representatives from different markets. Therefore, using the GARCH two-variable BEKK model and also the VAR model, the effects of shocks and fluctuations between them were tested and then the relationship between them was investigated by Granger's causality test. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between the financial stress index and inflation, interest rate, and liquidity, but in examining the causality between the financial stress index and the industry index, the results of the causality test indicate that the industry index itself, in the long run, triggers changes in the financial stress index, but the financial stress index has no effect on the industry index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - The Role of Accruals in Mitigating Timing and Matching Issues of Cash Flows
Sara Salimi Ghale hosein etemadi Javad Rezazade Mansour MomeniAbstractOne purpose of accrual accounting is to mitigate the timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. Cash flows have timing and matching properties that impair their ability to measure performance. Net cash receipts and payments can occur in periods that di MoreAbstractOne purpose of accrual accounting is to mitigate the timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. Cash flows have timing and matching properties that impair their ability to measure performance. Net cash receipts and payments can occur in periods that differ from the economic event (the timing or spreading problem), and cash inflows and outflows from a given economic event might occur in different periods (the matching problem). The economic role of accruals is to mitigate these timing and matching issues. These problems cause temporary fluctuations in cash flows. Accruals smooth temporary timing fluctuations in operating cash flows and thus it is expected to find a negative correlation between accruals and changes in cash flows. It is also expected that the negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes grows as cash flow problems intensify because accruals will increasingly counteract cash flow changes as a firm’s cash flows increasingly stray from desired properties. According to Dechow et al. (1998), the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes shows the cash flow timing and matching problem. The timing and matching problems of cash flows counteract each other. The timing problem leads to a positive serial correlation in cash flow changes. While the matching problem leads to a negative serial correlation in cash flow changes. According to Dechow et al. (1998) model, the serial correlation in cash flow changes is a function of operating cash cycle and profit margin and the magnitude of negative serial correlation in cash flow changes depends on the relative magnitude of the operating cash cycle and the profit margin. The longer the operating cash cycle and the smaller the profit margin, the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes is more severe. So it is expected that the negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes grow as the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes is severe (longer operating cash cycle and smaller profit margin). This study investigates the extent to which accruals are reconciled whit their ultimate purpose in mitigating timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. A sample of 153 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE),,is analyzed using panel data regression models. we observed that there is a negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes and this negative correlation increases as the timing and matching problems of cash flows become more severe. The results of this study show that accruals are used to mitigate timing and matching problems of cash flow and firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange use accruals more when there are more problems with cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - Operating Cash Flow Manipulation and Auditor's Opinion: The Moderator Role of Internal Control and Audit Firms Ranking
Mostafa Ezadpour Ali Mohammad Kordi Fatemeh Tavousi Zahra Heydari Sureshjani AbstractOperating cash flow is considered as a performance indicator for users, which provides complete information about the operational positon of the company. However, management may manipulate the information of operating cash flows in order to achieve its goa More AbstractOperating cash flow is considered as a performance indicator for users, which provides complete information about the operational positon of the company. However, management may manipulate the information of operating cash flows in order to achieve its goals. Therefore, there is a need for an auditor to review and monitor information. Auditors provide an modified opinion by conforming the financial statements to the accounting standards and discovering this manipulation. Also, the presence of top-ranked auditors and the existence of strong internal control lead to stronger supervision in the company and intensify this relationship. Due to the importance of this issue and the lack of research, this study deals with the management of the operational cash flow and the auditor's opinion, by emphasis on the moderator role of the internal control and the audit firm ranking. In this regard, a sample including 130 companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected. Examining the results of the multiple regression test showed that companies that perform more operational cash flow manipulation face more audit modified reports. Also, the presence of the first-ranked audit firms in the company leads to the intensification of the management of the operational cash flow and themodified audit report. However, internal control in the company is not able to influence the relationship between management of operating cash flow and audit report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - The Relationship between Managers' Efficiency in Creating Operational Cash Flows on Real Earnings Management
Mohaddese Abedini Bahman Banimahd Mehdi Moradzadehfard Azam Shokri CheshmehsabziAbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient ope MoreAbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient operating cash. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flow based on data envelopment analysis, in line with the goals of financial reporting, and then examine the relationship between the efficiency score and real earnings management. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Theoretical foundations and research data have been collected according to library studies. Multivariable linear regression was used for statistical analysis. The results of this research show that the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows during the research period is a downward trend. Also, the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows has a negative and significant relationship with real earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - An implicit finite difference scheme for analyzing the effect of body acceleration on pulsatile blood flow through a stenosed artery
A. Haghighi N. Aliashrafi N. Asghary -
Open Access Article
563 - Influence of an external magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid through a porous medium.
Ajaz Dar K Elangovan -
Open Access Article
564 - An explicit method for numerical solution of the equation governing the motion of a particle under arbitrary force fields
Ghiyam Eslami Masoumeh Zeinali -
Open Access Article
565 - Evaluation the effect of drought stress and foliar application of micronutrients on yield of two soybean cultivars (Glycin Max L.) in Khorramabad region
raziyeh movahedi A. Khourgami M. SayyahfarTo evaluate the effects of drought and foliar micronutrients on yield, protein and oil content of soybeans, Split_factorial randomized complete block design with four replications in crop year 2015- 2014 was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Kho MoreTo evaluate the effects of drought and foliar micronutrients on yield, protein and oil content of soybeans, Split_factorial randomized complete block design with four replications in crop year 2015- 2014 was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad. Stress factor in three levels (control, tension and stress in flowering stage to the stage of pod) as the main factors and the factors at two levels (the M7 and the M9) and foliar application of micronutrients in three levels (non-sprayed, at the stage of flowering and foliar spray at flowering and pod filling stage) factorial trial were considered as secondary factors. The results showed the effects of drought stress, foliar application of micronutrients and the statistical level of 1% and sprayed on the surface of the interaction of drought stress in 5% had significant effect on grain yield. So that the highest grain yield of 3192 kg per hectare with an average normal irrigation and the lowest yield related to stress at flowering stage with an average of 2211 kg per hectare. The highest yield and quality of soybean in non-stress conditions, flowering and pod filling stage and sprayed in two digits (M7) were the most sensitive growth stages of soybean to drought stress is the flowering stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Effect of irrigation withholding, mycorrhiza application and nano (Fe and Zn) oxide on yield, rate and grain filling period of safflower (Carthamus tinctories L.)
RAOUF SEYED SHARIFI Reza Seyed SharifIn order to study the effect of irrigation withholding, mycorrhiza application and nano (Fe and Zn) oxide on yield, rate and grain filling period of safflower (Carthamus tinctories L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with MoreIn order to study the effect of irrigation withholding, mycorrhiza application and nano (Fe and Zn) oxide on yield, rate and grain filling period of safflower (Carthamus tinctories L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in cropping season of 2014. The experimental factors were included: mycorrhiza application in two levels (with and without mycorrhiza), foliar application of nano zinc oxide in four levels: (without nano oxide as control, application of nano iron oxide, nano zinc oxide and nano zinc oxide+ nano iron oxide) and irrigation in three levels [full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of flowering stage (moderate water limitation); irrigation withholding at 50% of heading-bud stage (severe water limitation)]. Means comparison showed that maximum of grain yield, grain filling rate, grain filling period, effective grain filling period (2278.52 kg ha-1, 0.0027 g.day-1, 40 and 35 days) were obtained at application of mycorrhiza, nano oxide of Zn+Fe and full irrigation. Minimum of these traits (834.25 kg ha-1, 0.00189 g.day-1, 30.91 days and 26.79 days respectively) were obtained in non- mycorrhiza, non-foliar application of nano oxide and irrigation to heading-bud. Application of mycorrhiza and nano oxide of Zn+Fe increased grain yield by 35.19 % as compared with non- mycorrhiza, non-foliar application of nano oxide under severe water limitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - Evaluation of bio-fertilizers application of seaweed and azolla on Ornamental Plant of Iranian Petunia (Petunia hybrida)
Hooria Jahani Mohammad Saeead Tadion Golamreaz MoafporianIncreased awareness of the environmental pollution and social impacts of chemical fertilizers have stimulated interest in biological fertilizers (bio-fertilizers). In order to evaluate the use of bio-Fertilizers (Seaweed and Azolla) on morphological and physiological ch MoreIncreased awareness of the environmental pollution and social impacts of chemical fertilizers have stimulated interest in biological fertilizers (bio-fertilizers). In order to evaluate the use of bio-Fertilizers (Seaweed and Azolla) on morphological and physiological characters of Petunia hybrida, a study was conducted in 2015 at Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan branch, Fars Province. The experiment was carried out in a factorial in completely randomized design with three replications. The bio-fertilizers factors contain three levels of seaweed and azolla. The results showed that the application of seaweed and azolla at 0.4 and 25 gr kg-1 soil can be improved P. hybrida morphological and physiological characters. The highest dry weight of P. hybrida was obtained with application of seaweed and azolla at 0.4 and 25 gr kg-1 soil. Seaweed and azolla application at 0.4 and 25 gr kg-1 soil can be increased chlorophyll a and carotenoid pigments at 89.14 and 86.71 percent, respectively. Seaweed and azolla application at 0.4 and 25 gr kg-1 soil can be reduced Flowering time for 27 days faster in comparison to the control treatment (without bio-fertilizer). Overall, to achieve the highest P. hybrida vegetative and reproductive parameters, and reduce production cost, bio-fertilizers application of seaweed and azolla at 0.4 and 25 gr kg-1 soil, is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - Modeling growth and yield of safflower in Isfahan
Valiallah Dadrasi بنیامین ترابی سهیلا قاسمی مهامThis study was performed to yield prediction and statistical modeling of Safflower. Phenology, dry matter production and distribution and soil-water balance sub models should be studied in order to growth stages and yield prediction in agricultural crops. Parameters rel MoreThis study was performed to yield prediction and statistical modeling of Safflower. Phenology, dry matter production and distribution and soil-water balance sub models should be studied in order to growth stages and yield prediction in agricultural crops. Parameters related to each sub model were estimated using data reported on different sowing dates during the years 2002-2015 in Isfahan region and the data reported by other researchers in other regions. Growth and yield changes were calculated by phenology, dry matter production and distribution using meteorological data from Isfahan region, and the safflower crop yield at the end of growing season was predicted. One of the model evaluation criteria is comparison of coefficient of linear regression between observed and predicted yield (a= 0.46 ± 0.073, b= 1.49 ± 0.18) with coefficient of line 1:1. In the field experiments the limit for Coefficient of variation (CV) is 20 to 25. Accuracy of the model was high, regarding to the coefficient of variation of predicted and observed grain yield (CV=8.89). R2 of grain yield was 0.75, which is indicating that predicted data are 70 percent likely match with observed data. Variation range for observed data was 1.2 to 4.61 tones per hectar and the mean was 2.9 tones and for the predicted data it was 1.94 to 3.62 tones per hectar and the mean was 2.78 Tones per hectar. In all cases, simulated yield compliance with observed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - Evaluation forage yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) accessions in dryland conditions of Eastern Azerbaijan
farid noormand moaied ali ashraf jafari Ahmad Razban Haghighi F. SeiediIn current research, the forage yield and quality of 49 accessions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were examined using simple lattice design with 2 replications under dryland farming system during 2005-2007 in the Agriculture Research Station of Khosroshahr -Eastern Azerba MoreIn current research, the forage yield and quality of 49 accessions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were examined using simple lattice design with 2 replications under dryland farming system during 2005-2007 in the Agriculture Research Station of Khosroshahr -Eastern Azerbaijan. The traits: forage dry matter yield, plant height, growth vigour, flowering date, leaf to stem ratio and quality traits consisted of dry matter digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and total ash were evaluated during 2 years (2006-2007) . The results of combined analysis showed significant differences among accessions and among years. Total means of forage dry matter yield were 5.43 , 4.45 t/ha in years 2 and 3, respectively. The results of correlation analysis among traits indicated that selection for higher forage dry matter yield was produced with earlier flowering, tall plant height and major growth vigour. Considering to negative relationship of forage dry matter yield and quality, from between genotypes with high yield, mostly were selected high the amount of leaf to stem ratio, crude protein, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, and total ash and down amount of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. For this purpose the genotypes of Khoramabad, Ghara yonja, Flavarjan, Ghazaghestan and Kordestan with average values of 6.5 – 8.5 t/ha forage dry matter yield were tendered for produced synthetic variety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Effect of shoot application of Salicylic acid on some growth parameres and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water stress
Afsoon Tayebi Farhad Farahvash Bahram Mirshekari Alireza Tari-nejad Mehrdad YarniaIn order to evaluate the effect of salycilic acid on some reproductive and yield of safflower under drought stress an experiment was conducted in 2015 at research farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in form of split plot based on randomized complete block design w MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of salycilic acid on some reproductive and yield of safflower under drought stress an experiment was conducted in 2015 at research farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in form of split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included water stress (S) at two levels of evaporation (70 and 140 mm) from the surface of Class A basin. Post-establishment irrigation (the 4 leaves stage) was applied until the physiological maturity figures were obtained. The first sub-factor included salicylic acid in 3 control levels (distilled water spraying), spraying with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg per liter. The second sub-factor included local safflower of Isfahan and the Isfahan (Goldasht) cultivars. In general, the results showed that although in drought conditions negative effect on grain yield with consuming salycilic acid decreased, but the use of small amounts (concentration of 100 mg/ l) can be somewhat alleviated the negative effects of stress on plant growth. As for interactions, the interaction between water stress and variety on number of branches, numbers of seeds per plant and seed yield were significant. The.highest number of brances, number of seed in plant and seed yield obtained from 70 mm irrigation and glodasht. Therefore, this variety had better and more effective defence system than the local variety and was tolrerance to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - Effect of Plant Density on Radiation Use Efficiency, Extinction Coefficient and Grain Yield of Two Sunflower Cultivars in Northern Khuzestan
fatame zarghami mehdi sadeghiPlant density is one of the important factors influencing the amount of light reaching to plants. An experiment was carried out at agricultural research farm of Azad university of Dezfol (Sanjer region) in 2013 and 2014. The experiment design was factorial in a randomiz MorePlant density is one of the important factors influencing the amount of light reaching to plants. An experiment was carried out at agricultural research farm of Azad university of Dezfol (Sanjer region) in 2013 and 2014. The experiment design was factorial in a randomized complete block with three replications. Plant densities of (4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 plant/m2). Two sunflower cultivars of Shahroodi and Domsefid were cultivated. The results showed that the effect of plant density was significant on leaf area index (LAI), Radiation use efficiency (RUE), Grain yield, extinction coefficient (K) and light interception (LI). The highest LAI and RUE were 4.24 and 1.92(MJ/M2/S) for Shahroodi cultivar, respectively. The highest K and LI in Domsefid cultivar were 0.137 and 43.4% respectively. The increase in plant density of both cultivars resulted in increasing the RUE. The highest grain yield for Domsefid cultivar (6.5 plant/m2) was 5249.9 kg/ha. The highest grain yield for Domsefid cultivar (6.5 plant/m2) was 5249.9 kg/ha. The highest grain yield for Domsefid cultivar (6.5 plant/m2) was 5249.9 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - Effect of integrate nutrition of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower
M. Ghanbari M. Mirzakhani A. HashemiIncreasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carr MoreIncreasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carried out in Fatholmobin field of Kashan in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Chemical fertilizer treatment (Control, 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 25 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and animal manure treatment (Control, 20 ton ha-1, 40 ton ha-1), were assigned in plots. Stem height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, grains per boll, boll harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were determined. Results indicated that the interaction effects between chemical fertilizer and animal manure on 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were significant. The highest and lowest of grain yield 1031 and 268 kg ha-1 were obtained in 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + 20 t ha-1 of animal manure and without application of the chemical and animal manure, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - Effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars
M. Yosefirad F. MoghimiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars in crop year 2010 in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, was performed. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomi MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars in crop year 2010 in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, was performed. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomized complete block design in three replications. First factor consist of non inoculation and inoculation of sunflower seeds with Pseudomonas putida, and second factor consist of two sunflower cultivars of Alstar and Progress and third factor was three levels of salinity control (0.6), 5 and 7 ds/m. Salinity decreased shoot dry weight, plant height, leaf number in plant, seed number per head, seed hundred weight, seed yield and phosphate content and concentration in studied varieties. All studied traits in inoculated plants with bacteria, in both conditions of stress salinity and non-stress were larger than non inoculated plants. Alstar cultivar was more salinity tolerant than to progress cultivar, but Progress to bacterial inoculation showed a better response in salinity condition. The research results showed that inoculated plants with bacteria had salt tolerance greater than non inoculated plants. Thus it can be stated that Pseudomonas putida increased salinity tolerance of sunflower in salinity stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and morphophenological traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in Zabol
m. Delarami Seyyed Gholamreza MoosaviSowing date and plant density are among the most important factors effect on crop yield. In order to determine the effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and morphophenological traits of lentil cv. Sistan, a factorial design experiment was carried out in 2009 MoreSowing date and plant density are among the most important factors effect on crop yield. In order to determine the effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and morphophenological traits of lentil cv. Sistan, a factorial design experiment was carried out in 2009 at Zabol, Iran. The experiment was arranged on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included four sowing date (November 21, December 5, December 19 and January 2) and three density (18, 24, 36 and 71 plants .m-2). The results showed that delay in sowing delayed emergence, flowering and decreased length of growth period. Delayed sowing from November 21 to January 2 decreased main branch number per plant, first pod height from ground, plant height and seed yield by 9.9, 31.3, 21.3 and 14.8%, respectively. Also, means comparison showed that with increasing the plant density from 18 to 72 plants .m-2, branch number per plant decreased by 5.5 %, while first pod height from ground, plant height and seed yield increased by 43.2, 83.9 and 104.4%, respectively. Overall, it is recommended to use sowing date of November 21 with plant density of 72 plants .m-2 in order to obtain the highest seed yield of lentil in Zabol, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - Effects of sowing dates on some morphological and phenological characteristics and yield of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorious L.)
hamed javadi غلامرضا زمانیIn order to study the effects of sowing dates on some morphological and phenological characteristics and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) cultivars, a field experiment was conducted in Azad University of Birjand Research Farm during growing season of 2006-2 MoreIn order to study the effects of sowing dates on some morphological and phenological characteristics and yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) cultivars, a field experiment was conducted in Azad University of Birjand Research Farm during growing season of 2006-2007. The experiment was done as split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications. In this study four sowing dates (15 Oct, 30 Oct, 15 Nov, 30 Nov) were used as main plots and three varieties (local Isfahan, Zarghan and LRV) were as sub plot. Results showed that, plant height, number of branches per plant and height of first flowering branch from ground level, were affected significantly by sowing date. Also, effect of sowing dates on duration of seed emergence, stem elongation, blooming, flowering and ripening was significant. With delay in sowing date, duration of all phenological period decreased. Maximum grain yield (1209kg/ha) was obtained in the first sowing date and when delay to 30 Nov, grian yield decreased about 56.5 percentage. Effect of cultivar on some traits such as plant height, number of branches, height of first flowering branch from ground level and grain yield was significant. Duration of seed emergence was affected significantly by cultivar. Interaction effects between sowing date and cultivar were significant for all traits, except duration of plant height, number of branches per plant, seed emergence, blooming and ripening. According to these results, maximum grain yield obtained from 15 Oct sowing date and LRV cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - Study the effects of different irrigation regimes and foliar application of fruit set on increment of perfect flowers and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L. cv." Shenge")
MOHAMMAD SAEED TADAYON gholamreza moafpourianShenge (Olea europaea L) has unsuitable production in warm and dry regions. In this experiment the effect of nutritional factors on the increment of perfect flowers, and different irrigation regime on olive yield were investigated. Experiment was conducted in a randomiz MoreShenge (Olea europaea L) has unsuitable production in warm and dry regions. In this experiment the effect of nutritional factors on the increment of perfect flowers, and different irrigation regime on olive yield were investigated. Experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication and 6 treatments contained - Irrigation at norm (drip irrigation based on 50 percent of allowable depletion) (I100), - Irrigation with 75 percent allowable depletion one month before and after flowering (I125), - treatment number two + continuing the irrigation with norm one month after harvest(I125+I100), 4- treatment number one + fruit set foliar application of two percent urea + zinc chelate(0.2%) and boric acid(0.2%) two weeks before and four weeks after flowering(I100+FS), - treatment number two + fruit set foliar application (I125+FS), - treatment number three + fruit set foliar application(I125+I100+FS). Results showed that I125+I100+FS and I125+FS had high significant effects on shoot fruitfulness ratio increment that indicate the number of perfect flower to total flower on the same branch. Also the highest fruit set belong to these treatments and the highest water use efficiency and leaf nitrogen concentration obtained by I100+FS. I125+I100+FS and I125+FS caused an increment in fruit water percentage, fruit oil percentage, fruit pulp to stone weight ratio and finally fruit yield and consequently oil yield and could be recommended especially in warm and dry regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - Allelopathic effect of sunflower residues extract on wheat and rapeseed germination
F. MomtaziIn order to evaluating allelopathy of sunflower residue extract on wheat and rapeseed germination and seedling growth an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Shiraz in Completely Randomized Design with four replication. Five concentration of sunflower extract consisted o MoreIn order to evaluating allelopathy of sunflower residue extract on wheat and rapeseed germination and seedling growth an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Shiraz in Completely Randomized Design with four replication. Five concentration of sunflower extract consisted of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent was evaluated in two wheat cultivars (Pishtaz and Darab2) and two rapeseed cultivars (Talaye and Elite). Results showed that sunflower extract significantly affected the germination percentage and rate, root length and shoot length in both rapeseed and wheat seed. By increasing concentration all traits reduced but, there was no significant differences between control and 25% concentration. In rapeseed there was no significant differences between 75 and 100% concentration and there was no germination in these both concentrations. Darab 2 and Talaye showed more sensitivity against sunflower concentration in wheat and rapeseed respectively. IN CONSLUSION YHE RESULTS SHOWED THAT there was some inhibitory substances in sunflower residue that could be use in weed management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Response yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. ʼMorvaridʼ to light intensity under weed competition
Motahareh Shokrian Zeyni Esfandiar Farahmandfar Hemmatollah Pirdashti Arasto Abbasian Yasser YaghoubianThis study was aimed to investigate the change of yield of wheat in different light intensities and weed competition at research farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of in 2014. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design MoreThis study was aimed to investigate the change of yield of wheat in different light intensities and weed competition at research farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of in 2014. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design in split-split plot with three replications. Two time to shading in flowering and grain filling stages as the main plot, three light intensities (normal and 50 and 70% of normal light) in sub plots and two levels of weed competitions (weed free and weed infested) as sub-sub plots were the treatments. The results indicate that under weed competition and 70% of light intensity, shading at grain filling and flowering reduced tiller and spike numbers by 20 and 26%, respectively. Also, lowering light intensity at flowering and grain filling stage reduced nearly 21and 44% of biological yield versus 18 and 46% of grain yield, respectively. Weed competition declined up to 19 and 23% of wheat biological and grain yield, respectively. In conclusion, result represented that lowering of light intensity along with weed competition could adversely influenced wheat yield and yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - Effect of different VAM Species and Phosphorus levels on yield and Physiological properties of safflower
Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi maliheh AsadiFertilizers like phosphorus chemical fertilizer are one of the most important inputs in increasing growth and yield, but results have shown that biofertilizers application can decrease need to chemical fertilizers. This trial had done in order to investigate effect of d MoreFertilizers like phosphorus chemical fertilizer are one of the most important inputs in increasing growth and yield, but results have shown that biofertilizers application can decrease need to chemical fertilizers. This trial had done in order to investigate effect of different chemical P levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and different VAM strains (control, Glomus mossae, G.intraradise , G.hoei and mixture of these three VAM) in three replication as factorial based on complete block design on growth, yield and physiologic properties of safflower. Based on results of this investigation highest grain and oil yield increase observed in 100 and 150 kg/ha, but there were not significant differences between these two phosphorus chemical fertilizer level in yield. phosphorus chemical fertilizer increased oil yield by increasing grain number and oil percent, but 100 grain weight negativelly impacted by phosphorus chemical fertilizer and VAM. Highest safflower grain and oil yield observed in Glomus intraradise and Glomus hoei. Under VAM effect Increase in grain number increased oil yield, but oil percent didnot effected by by VAM. Application of this two fertilizer improved phosphorus content too. Antioxidants contents and prolin of safflower increased by phosphorus chemical fertilizer and VAM application Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Effect of water stress and foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of sunflower for second cropping system
hamed javadiIn order to study the effect of water stress and foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of sunflower for second cropping system, a field experiment in split plot design with three replications was conducted at the Agriculture Education Center MoreIn order to study the effect of water stress and foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of sunflower for second cropping system, a field experiment in split plot design with three replications was conducted at the Agriculture Education Center of Birjand, in 2014 growing season. Water stress at two levels (control and grain filling stages) were assigned as main plots and four micronutrient treatments; Control, Fe, Zn, and Fe +Zn, were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that plant height, head diameter, leaf number in the flowering and grain filling stages, head dry weight, leaf area index (LAI) in the flowering and grain filling stages, number of grain per head, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and seed/husk were not affected by water stress, but reduced harvest index. Water stress at the grain filling stage reduced harvest index (18.29 %) compared to the control. Foliar application with micronutrient fertilizer (Fe and Zn) were not significantly different on all traits (With the exception of the number of leaves maturity). Foliar application with (Fe +Zn) increased number of leaves compared to the other treatments. Also, interaction between water stress and foliar application on traits were not significant. According to the results of this experiment, stopping irrigation at the grain filling stage and Foliar application with micronutrient fertilizer (Fe and Zn) were not significantly different for grain yield of sunflower for second cropping system in Birjand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - The impact of mycorrhizal inoculation on amelioration of the effects of haloxyfop-R methyl ester herbicide on sunflower
zeinab dehghan Jalil KharaTo study the effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in ameliorating the effects of haloxyfop-R methyl ester herbicide (commercial name Gallant super) on biochemical activity and hormonal responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. MoreTo study the effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in ameliorating the effects of haloxyfop-R methyl ester herbicide (commercial name Gallant super) on biochemical activity and hormonal responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. Lakomka) a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 levels of herbicide concentration (0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm) in 3 replications. At 4 to 6 leaved stages, different concentrations of herbicide were sprayed on the aerial part of the plants. The effects of herbicide on colonization percentage, dry weight and other parameters of control and mycorrhizal treated plants were quite evident. Increased gibberellin content (60%) in inoculated plants, reduced amount of auxin in shoot of the control plants (48%) were observed by increasing herbicide concentration compared to the control. Furthermore, increased proline (1.5 and 2.7 fold), increased soluble sugars content (36.5% and 23.5%), reduced total proteins (29.2% and 40.1%) and reduced dry weight (61.3% and 76.0% in shoot and root respectively) were significant. More damage occurred by increased herbicide stress conditions and plants responded by raising the level of gibberrelins, proline and soluble sugars to cope the damages induced by haloxyfop-R methyl ester. Such adaptive responses were more pronounced and effective in inoculated plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus G.intraradices. So, it seems that inoculation sunflower seedlings by G. intraradices can enhance their tolerance against deleterious effects of that herbicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - The effect of stopping irrigation and using superabsorbent on the morphological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower grains
rezvan karami borzabad BABAK peykarestan Abolfazl Baghbani- AraniThe present study was carried out in 2017 in the farm Milajard city, in order to investigate the effect of stopping irrigation and using Stacozorb superabsorbent on the morphological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Progress sunflower in the form of a sp MoreThe present study was carried out in 2017 in the farm Milajard city, in order to investigate the effect of stopping irrigation and using Stacozorb superabsorbent on the morphological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Progress sunflower in the form of a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Irrigation treatment as the main factor in three levels of full irrigation, stop irrigation from the budding stage (45 days after planting) and stop irrigation from the flowering stage (55 days after planting) and use of super absorbent as a sub factor included four levels of no use of super absorbent, consumption of 30, 60 and 90 kg.ha. The highest yield of oil and grains and components of grain yield were obtained in the treatment of full irrigation and consumption of 90 kg.ha of superabsorbent, and the lowest amount of these traits in the treatment of interruption of irrigation was obtained from the stage of budding and no use of superabsorbent. Considering the importance of the economic characteristic of oil yield in sunflower, the stress of interrupting irrigation in budding and flowering stage caused a decrease, respectively, and these negative effects of water deficit stress were adjusted by using superabsorbent, so that the high amount of superabsorbent (90 kg.ha) had the greatest effect in improving the investigated traits under low irrigation conditions (according to the stress in budding and flowering stage) to the extent of (7.36 and 6.73 percent). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - The effect of calcium concentration in nutrient solution on growth and postharvest of lilium in hydroponic cultivation
R. Ranjbar Shiekhani A. Mohammadi Torkashvand A. Mahboub KhomamiThe production of many cut flowers such as Lilium is common in Iran. The flower quality is especially important in Lilium flower production processes which one of the most important factors is appropriate nutrition. For this purpose, a completely randomized design exper MoreThe production of many cut flowers such as Lilium is common in Iran. The flower quality is especially important in Lilium flower production processes which one of the most important factors is appropriate nutrition. For this purpose, a completely randomized design experiment with calcium concentrations including 0, 3 and 6 mM in Hogland solution on growth indices, calcium uptake and postharvest of Lilium with six replications was conducted. The seed bed contained 30% v/v perlite and 70% v/v sand. After three months, stem height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot, bud number, reproductive height, flower diameter, postharvest and calcium uptake were measured. The results showed that the concentration of 6 mM Ca had the most effect on vegetative height (71.3 cm), reproductive height (23.5 cm), fresh and dry weight of shoot (83.8 and 7.1 cm, respectively) and the number of flowers (4.4). The maximum postharvest life of flowers obtained in 3 mM calcium concentration amounted 15.6 days. The greatest uptake of calcium by shoot was observed in 3 mM Ca treatment (114.1 mg/pot). In general, increasing Ca concentration in nutrient solution led to increase in stem diameter and height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and postharvest life of cut flowers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Iranians Populations of Hazlnut (Corylus avellana L.) Using SSR Markers
Ahmad Ershadi Javad Farrokhi Toolir -
Open Access Article
585 - Morphological and Molecular Evaluation of Persian Walnut Populations in Northern and Western Regions of Iran
R. Karimi A. Ershadi A. Ehtesham Nia M. Sharifani M. Rasouli A. Ebrahimi K. Vahdati -
Open Access Article
586 - Relationship Between Frost Injury and Ion Leakage as an Indicator of Cold Hardiness in 60 Almond Selections
A. Imani K. barzegar S. Piripireivatlou -
Open Access Article
587 - The Effect of Flowering Time on Seed Dormancy Breaking of Almond
A. Torabi A. Imani -
Open Access Article
588 - Study of Somatic Embryogenesis Potential of Male Florets and Pistillate Flowers of Persian Walnut (Juglansregia L.)
M. Farsi K. Vahdati M. Lotfi D. Hassani M. Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
589 - Evaluation the Resistance of Almond to Frost in Controlled and Field Conditions
A Imani M Ezaddost F Asgari S. H Masoumi I Raeisi -
Open Access Article
590 - Effect of some of anti frost on morphology, anatomy and proline of selective almond cultivars flower buds
Osman Mahmodzadeh Ali Imani -
Open Access Article
591 - Evaluation on Some Treatments After Spring Frost Damage in Inflorescence Bud Formation in Pistachio Orchard
F. Shahsavari H. Hokmabadi N. Shahsavari M. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
592 - Genetic Mapping of Blooming Time in ‘Marcona’ × ‘Fragness’ Population with Using Molecular Markers
R. TavakoliBanizi A. Imani M. Zeinalabedini A. Ebrahimi S. Piri -
Open Access Article
593 - Xenia and Metaxenia in Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
M. Golzari D. Hassani M. Rahemi K. Vahdati -
Open Access Article
594 - Effect of Climatic Conditions on Flowering of Walnut Genotypes in Romania
Bîrsanu (Ionescu) Mariana Cosmulescu Sina Niculina -
Open Access Article
595 - مقایسه واکنش زراعی آفتابگردان آجیلی و روغنی در شرایط مختلف کود فسفر و روی
H. Madaniاقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات Moreاقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر و PSB خالص، سطوح روی 0، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار از سولفات روی، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده شد. در شکل خاک از سولفات روی علاوه بر روی محلول 10% و روی محلول 10% به عنوان محلول پاشی انفرادی استفاده می شود. نتیجه توضیح می دهد که در آفتابگردان نوع روغن اوج عملکرد دانه 2.52 تن در هکتار در 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر بود. برای آفتابگردان آجیلی 3.68 تن در هکتار با حمایت 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سوپر فسفات به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی بود. استفاده از ترکیب سوپر فسفات 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدون ترکیب روی و همچنین 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی، تأثیر یکسانی بر عرض سر سر آفتابگردان روغنی به میزان 15.3 تا 15.4 سانتی متر به عنوان بیشترین قطر سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی داشت. . کمترین اندازه سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی با استفاده از کود سوپر فسفات سه گانه 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار و محلول پاشی روی محلول 10 درصد به میزان 10.33 سانتی متر بود. اندازهگیریهای ضخامت ساقه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای ما در هر دو نوع آفتابگردان و مقایسه میانگینها برای شاخص سطح برگ نشان میدهد که در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی بالاترین شاخص شاخص سطح برگ توسط PSB خالص در شرایط کاربرد غیر روی بهدست آمد (4.09). در نوع آفتابگردان آجیلی نیز حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ در 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده از سوپر فسفات سه گانه به همراه محلول پاشی روی محلول در کرت های 10 درصد (09/6)برآورد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - Estimation of the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Trade Flows of Industrial Sector in OECD Countries
K. Azarbayejani H. Karimi-Hasnicheh S. NagheliForeign direct investment(FDI) can increase the capacity for producing export goods.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of FDI to industrial trade flows (ITF) in the OECD countries by using gravity model and pooled data for the years of 2000 to MoreForeign direct investment(FDI) can increase the capacity for producing export goods.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of FDI to industrial trade flows (ITF) in the OECD countries by using gravity model and pooled data for the years of 2000 to 2007. The results showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship of FDI to ITFin the countries under study. Also, such other factors as national income and size of population had positive and statistically significant effects on ITF. Geographical distances had negative effects, however. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Effects of Income Integration and Trade Flow Expansion on Economic Growth of Iran and Her Partners Including OECD Countries
K. Tayebi S. Daee Karim-Zadeh M. RamazaniIn this paper the interaction effects of income integration and the trade flow expansion in Iran and her partners including OECD countries in the period of 1996 to 2006 was analyzed.The purpose of this research was analyze the interaction effects of income integra MoreIn this paper the interaction effects of income integration and the trade flow expansion in Iran and her partners including OECD countries in the period of 1996 to 2006 was analyzed.The purpose of this research was analyze the interaction effects of income integration and trade flow and the factors affecting it. The analytical model was developed on the basis of the regression model was usedby Soderbon and teal. The employeddata was of a panel type. The results showed that income integration and trade flows had reversal positiveand statistically effect on each other. Therefore a complementary relationship revealed between income integration and trade flows. Also, trade flows, labor resource and physical capital had positive effects on economic growth whereas, income integration did not Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - Evaluation of Phosphorus and Zinc Concentration in Oil and Confectionary Sunflower Plant Parts in Modified Fertilization
Hamid Madani -
Open Access Article
599 - Study of Aluminum Toxicity on Photosynthetic Pigment, Soluble Sugars and Proline Contents in Two Sunflower Varieties
NAJMEH ZIAEI ZAHRA REZAIATMAND MONIREH RANJBAR -
Open Access Article
600 - Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions
ElouaerMohamed Aymen Ben Fredj Meriem Zhani Kaouther Hannachi CherifReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Condit MoreReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions Elouaer Mohamed Aymen 1 *, Ben Fredj Meriem 1, Zhani Kaouther 1,Hannachi Cherif 1 Sousse University, High Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem, 4042, Tunisia * Corresponding author E-mail: aymenouaer@gmail.com Received: 17 July 2013 Accepted: 12 November 2013 Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of NaCl priming on growth traits and some biochemical attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv Safola) in salinity conditions. Seeds of safflower were primed with NaCl (5 g L-1) for 12 h in 23 °C. Primed (P) and non primed (NP) seeds were directly sown in the field. Experiments were conducted using various water concentrations induced by NaCl (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1) in salinity experiment. Results showed that growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight) and biochemical (chlorophyll, proline and proteins content) of plants derived from primed seeds were greater of about 15 to 30% than that of plants derived from non primed seeds. It seems that salinity tolerance in priming resulted plants was due to higher potential of these plants to accumulate more biochemical attributes (more chlorophylles, proline and proteins in primed plants than controls ones). Keywords: Biochemical attributes, Growth parameters, Safflower, Salinity, Seed priming Introduction Salt stress is certainly one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of crop plants (Ashraf, 1999). This is due to the fact that salinity affects most aspects of plant physiology, growth and development (Borsani et al., 2003). One metabolic response to salt stress is the synthesis of compatible osmolytes (Hasegawa et al., 2000). These organic compounds are thought to mediate osmotic adjustment, protecting cellular structures and oxidative damage by their free radical scavenging capacity (Smirnoff, 1993). Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is often regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stress (Sakamoto and Murata, 2000 Shabala and Cuin, 2006). Many plant species accumulate significant amounts of glycine betaine, proline, and polyols in response to high salinity (Di Martino et al., 2003). In addition to the conventional role of these compatible solutes in cell osmotic adjustment (Bray, 1993), they are also suggested to act as low molecular-weight chaperones, stabilizing the photosystem II complex, protecting the structure of enzymes and proteins, maintaining membrane integrity and scavenging ROS (Mansour, 1998 Noiraud et al., 2001). The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cells increases during abiotic and biotic stresses like salt stress, as does the level of ROS-induced damage. Elevated production of ROS can seriously disrupt cellular homeostasis and normal metabolisms through oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and nucleic acid (Bandeoglu et al., 2004). Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that involves exposure of seeds to low external water potential that limits hydration. This hydration is sufficient to permit pre-germinative metabolic events but insufficient to allow radicle protrusion through the seed coat. This technique has become a common seed treatment that can increase emergence, growth, yield and salt tolerance mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions (Ashraf and Rauf 2001). Higher salt tolerance of plants from primed seed seems to be the results of a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment (proline or carbohydrate synthesis) in leaves. Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance of melon seedlings. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedlings because it decreased cell membrane injury and increased seedling proline concentration. Seed priming is one of the physiological methods which improve plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of NaCl priming on some aspects of growth and physiology, including protein, chlorophyll and proline content of safflower under salt stress. Materials and methods The experiment was carried in the experimental field research of Chott Mariem High Institute of Agronomy, (Tunisia) in November 2011. Safflower seeds were primed with 5 g L-1 NaCl solution for 12 hours, at 22 °C. After priming, primed and non primed seeds (control seeds) were sown directly in the soil at the month of November. Throughout their vegetative cycles, plants from primed and control seeds were irrigated with saline water at five levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1). The experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and 20 plants per replication and two factors which were priming treatment (NaCl primed seeds and control seeds) and salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 NaCl). Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b content were calculated (663 and 640 nm) according to the method of Lichtenthaler (1987). Protein content was estimated at 595 nm according to the method of Bradford (1976) using bovine serum albumin as standard. Free proline was estimated at 520 nm according to the method of Bates et al. (1973) and pure proline was used as standard. Plants were harvested at the flowering stage and were recorded on shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1), shoot chlorophyll a content (mg g-1fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll b content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll (a + b) content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot proline content (μg.g-1 fresh weight), shoot protein content (mg.g-1 fresh weight). Growth and biochemical parameters of safflower were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (p NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 162a 143c 153b 135cd 141c 122e 132d 118f 124e 109g 423a 214c 312b 165d 156de 146e 143e 129f 131f 98g 158a 119c 142b 106d 109d 93e 98e 86f 77g 58h Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Table 2. Effect of NaCl priming and salinity on chlorophyll, proline and proteins contents of safflower under NaCl stress Treatments Chlr (a) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (a + b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Proline (μg g-1 F. Wt.) Proteins (mg g-1 F. Wt.) Seed Priming NaCl (g L-1) 0 3 6 9 12 P NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 1.628a 1.236e 1.532b 1.195f 1.402c 0.952fg 1.306d 0.806g 1.224e 0.671h 0.824a 0.627c 0.706b 0.514d 0.596d 0.394f 0.467e 0.271g 0.334f 0.194h 2.574a 1.914c 2.298b 1.704e 2.094b 1.692e 1.802d 1.042g 1.604f 0.834h 61.18e 52.52f 102.24d 62.02e 119.84c 104.68cd 154.67b 114.52c 196.42a 158.08b 0.385e 0.197h 0.421d 0.243g 0.474c 0.286f 0.502b 0.306ef 0.543a 0.342ef Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Maximum shoot proline content of 196.42 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded in plant derived from primed (P) seeds from the treatment applied with 12 g L-1 NaCl. Minimum proline content of 52.52 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded from plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl. Highest shoot protein content was recorded in plant derived from primed seeds with the application of 12 g L-1 NaCl (0.543 mg g -1 Fresh Weight). The Lowest shoot proteins were observed in plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl (0.197 mg g-1 Fresh Weight). The treatment of seed priming has increased shoot protein content by 35% in primed seed (P) than non primed seed (NP). Mean values of the data revealed significant increase in shoot protein content with the application of additional increment of salinity. Shoot protein content was enhanced with the application of 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 salinity levels, respectively. Discussion The present study confirmed that plant height recorded in plants derived from primed seeds were significantly different from non-primed treatments when exposed to different salinity levels. Similar results are also reported by Sivritepe et al. (2003) in melon. It was observed that boosting levels of salinity has gradually decreased plant height which might be due to decreased physiological activities resulting from water and nutrients stress occurring under salinity stress. The adverse effect of salinity on plants may lead to disturbances in plant metabolism, which consequently led to reduction of plant growth and productivity (Shafi et al., 2009). Seed priming and salinity levels have extensively affected shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1) of safflower. Shoot weight decreased progressively with the rise of stress level compared with control. Fortmeir and Swchuber (1995) also reported similar results in barley. The increase in salinity levels resulted in the development of water and nutrient stresses. The toxic effect of sodium at high salt levels and physical damage to roots decreased their ability to absorb water and nutrient which caused marked reduction in photosynthesis, enzymatic process and protein synthesis (Tester and Davenport, 2003), which resulted in stunted growth and poor leaf area development. The decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to leaf area might be responsible to decrease shoot fresh and in turn dry weight. It is evident from results that primed seeds in comparison with control seeds resulted in more crop growth rate (Basra et al., 2003). Therefore, it is concluded that seed priming could be more effective in improving safflower growth parameters. These results agree with the finding of Harris et al. (2001) and Basra et al. (2003). They reported greater plant weight following seed priming. Salinity drastically affects photosynthesis due to decreasing chlorophyll content and commonly showed adverse effects on membrane stability (Parida et al., 2002). Salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b content with increasing NaCl concentrations. Increasing salinity decreased chlorophyll content in plants (Scalet et al., 1995). Salinity caused decreases in phototsynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II electron transport activity in plants (Potluri and Devi Prasad, 1996). The reduction of photosynthetic pigment in the present study might have been degradation of chlorophyll by chlorophyllase and reactive oxygen species generated during photorespiration under salinity. Salt induced osmotic stress as well as sodium toxicity trigger to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such superoxide (O2.), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (O2-), which can damage mitochondria and chloroplast by disrupting cellular structure (Singh et al., 1987). It is attributed to a salt-induced weakening of protein-pigment-lipid complex and due to the suppression of the specific enzyme which is responsible for synthesis of green pigments (Souza et al., 2004) or increases chlorophyllase enzyme activity (Sreenivasulu et al., 1999). Leslie and Romani (1988) have showed that salicylic acid seed priming treatment stimulates photosynthetic machinery and increase the content of chlorophyll. El-Tayeb (2005) has found that Barley seeds presoaked with 1mM salicylic acid under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl) increased the photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and caratenoids in shoots and roots of 15 day old seedlings compared to seedlings treated with NaCl alone. In the present investigation, seed priming with NaCl had maintained significantly higher total chlorophyll contents and its fractions ‘a’ and ‘b’ compared to control which recorded highest reduction. Similar increase in chlorophyll content has been reported by several authors, Saha and Gupta (1998) in mungbean, Afria et al. (1998) in Gaur and Cengiz et al. (2002) in tomato. The increase in chlorophyll content in these treatments was attributed to decrease in chlorophyllase activity and de novo synthesis of structural component of proteins which are responsible for chlorophyll degradation (Subater and Rodriguez, 1978). Proline plays an important role in reducing the injurious effects of salinity and an acceleration of the repairing processes following stresses. Proline has already been reported to act as an osmoprotectant and associated with mechanism of salt tolerance under salinity stresses (Yu Lei and Shaozheng, 2000). It protects folded protein structures against denaturation, stabilizes cell membranes by interacting with phospholipids, functions as a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or serves as an energy and nitrogen source (Aspinal and Paleg, 1981). Accumulation of solutes like proline can help the plant systems to adopt in saline environment (Garcia et al., 1997). Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that, NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance in melon seedling, under saline condition compared to non-priming seed. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedling because seed priming decreased seedling cell membrane damage and increased seedling proline concentration. Recent studies suggest that proline may play as an enzyme stabilizing role (Bhattacharjee and Mukherjee 2002 Maggio et al., 2002) and reduce lipid peroxidation (Jain et al., 2001 Farhoudi et al., 2007) under salt stress. Our results showed that safflower shoot from Primed group had the highest proline concentration under the highest salinity level. Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions may provide a storage form of nitrogen that is re-utilized later (Turan et al., 2007) and may play a role in osmotic adjustment. Proteins may be synthesized de novo in response to salt stress or may be present constitutively at low concentration and increase when plants are exposed to salt stress (Pareek et al., 1997). In the present study, both salt stress and NaCl seed priming caused an increase in shoot protein. However, this effect was more in plant derived from primed seed than plant derived from control seed. While working with wheat, Al-Hakimi and Hamada (2001) found that seed priming with ascorbic acid counteracted adverse effects of salt stress by increasing leaf soluble proteins, which protect the membrane and membrane bound enzymes (Jeng and Sung, 1994). Thus, increased in leaf protein due to seed priming was one of the reasons that contributed in improved growth of safflower under saline conditions. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed that salt stress decrease safflower growth but NaCl priming helps plants to decrease salt stress injury. Seed priming has positive effects on plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights of safflower. Chlorophylls, proline and proteins concentrations were accumulated in plants derived from primed seeds. It has been suggested that a higher concentration of those biochemical attributes could increase tolerance of safflower plants derived from primed seeds to environmental stresses such as salinity. Therefore, NaCl seed priming could be used as presowing treatment to improve agronomic performance of safflower under saline conditions. References Afria BS, Nathawat NS, Yadav ML. 1998. Effect of cycocel and saline irrigation of physiological attributes, yield and its components in different varieties of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(1): 46-48. Al-Hakimi AMA, Hamada AM. 2001. Counteraction of salinity stress on wheat plants by grain soaking in ascorbic acid, thiamin or sodium salicylate. Biol. Plant, 44: 253-261. Ashraf M. 1999. Breeding for salinity tolerance proteins in plants. Critical Review of Plant Science, 13: 17-42. Ashraf M, Rauf H. 2001. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through seed priming with chloride salts: Growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiol. Plant., 23: 407 – 414. Aspinall D, Paleg LG. 1981. Proline Accumulation, Physiological Aspects. In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants, Paleg, L.G. and D. Aspinall (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp: 206-240. Bandeoglu E, Eyidogan F, Yucel M, Octel HA. 2004. Antioxydants responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 42: 69-77. Basra SMA, Ehsanullah E, Warraich A, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed canola seed. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 117-120. Bates LE, Waldren RP. 1973. Teare Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. 29. Plant and soil, 39: 205-207. Bhattacharjee S, Mukherjee AK. 2002. Salt stress induced cytosolute accumulation, antioxidant response and membrane deterioration in three rice cultivars during early germination. Seed Science and Technologies, 30: 279-287. Borsani O, Valpuesta V, Botella MA. 2003. Developing salt tolerant plants in a new century: A molecular biology approach. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 73: 101-115. Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principles of protein-dye-linding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254. Bray EA. 1993. Molecular responses to water deficit. Plant Physiology, 103: 1035–1040. Cengiz K, David H, Ali I. 2002. An experiment to investigate ameliorative effects of potassium sulphate on salt and alkalinity stressed vegetative crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25: 2545-2558. Di Martino C, Delfine S, Pizzuto R, Loreto F, Fuggi A.2003. Free amino acids and glycine betaine in leaf osmoregulation of spinach responding to increasing salt stress. New Phytologist, 158: 455–463. El-Tayeb MA. 2005. Response of barley grains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Reg., 45: 215-224. Farhoudi R, Sharifzadeh F, Poustini K, Makkizadeh MT, Kochakpor M. 2007. The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus) seedlings grown under saline conditions. Seed Science Technology, 35: 754-759. Fortmeier R, Schubert S. 1995. Salt tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) The role of sodium exclusion. Plant cell and Environment, 18(9): 1041-1047. Garcia AB, Engler JDA, Iyer S, Gerats T, Montagu MV, Caplan AB. 1997. Effects of osmoprotectants upon NaCl stress in rice. Plant Physiology, 115: 159-169. Harris D, Pathan AK, Gothkar P, Joshi A, Chivasa W, Nyamudeza P. 2001. Onfarm seed priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology. Agricultural System, 69 (1-2): 151-164. Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Zhu JK, Bohnert HJ. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 51: 463-499. Jain M, Mathur A, Koul S, Sarin N.B. 2001. Ameliorative effects of proline on salt stress-induced lipid peroxidation in cell lines of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Cell Reports, 20: 463-468. Jeng TL, Sung JM. 1994. Hydration effect on lipid peroixadation and peroxide scavenging enzyme activity of artificially aged peanut seeds. Seed Science Technology, 22: 531–39. Leslie CA, Romani RJ. 1988. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by salicylic acid. Plant Physiology, 88: 833-837. Lichtenthaler HK. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382. Maggio A, Dalton F, Piccinni G. 2002. The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on static and dynamic induced for tomato salt tolerance. European Journal of Agronomy, 16: 197-206. Mansour MMF. 1998. Protection of plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells by glycine betaine and proline against NaCl stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 36: 767–772. Noiraud N, Maurousset L, Lemoine R. 2001. Transport of polyols in higher plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 39: 717–728. Pareek A, Singla SL, Grover A. 1997. Salt responsive proteins/genes in crop plants, in: P.K. Jaiwal, R.P. Singh, A. Gulati (Eds.), Strategies for Improving Salt Tolerance in Higher Plants, Oxford and IBH Publication Co., New Delhi, 365–391. Parida AK, Das AB, Das P.2002. NaCl stress cause changes in photosynthetic pigments, protein and other metabolic compounds in the leaves of a true mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora, in hydroponic cultures. Journal of Plant Biology, 45: 28-36. Potluri SD, Devi Prasad PV. 1996. Influence of salinity on axillary bud cultures of six lowland tropical varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Plant cell Tissue Organ Cult., 32: 185-191. Saha K, Gupta K. 1998. Effect of triazoles and CCC on growth, yield and metabolism and mung bean plants under salinity stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(2): 107-111. Sakamoto A, Murata N. 2000. Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in plants: current status and implications for enhancement of stress tolerance. Journal Experimental Botany, 51: 81–88. Scalet M, Federice R, Guido MC, Manes F. 1995. Peroxidase activity and polyamine changes in response to ozone and simulated acid rain in Aleppo pine needles. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 35: 417-425. Shabala, S., and T.A. Cuin 2006. Osmoregulation versus osmoprotection: re-evaluating the role of compatible solutes. In: Teixeira da Silva J, ed. Floriculture, ornamental and plant biotechnology, advances and topical issues. Tokyo, Japan: Global Science Books, 405–416. Shafi M, Bakht J, Raziuddin G, Zhang J. 2009. Effect of Cadmium and Salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat genotypes. Bulletin of Environmental contamination Toxicology, 82(6): 772-776. Singh NK, Brakar CA, Hasogawa PM, Handa AK, Buckles MA, Hermodsm P, Tranckoch E, Restier FE, Bressan RA. 1987. Characterization of osmotic automation like protein association with osmotic adaptation in plant. Plant Physiology, 85: 829-536. Sivritepe, N., H.O. Sivritepe, A. Eris. 2003. The effect of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedling grown under saline condition. Scientia Horticularae, 97: 229-237. Smirnoff N. 1993. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 27-58. Souza, RP, Machado EC, Silva JAB, Lagoa AMMA, Silveria JAB. 2004. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence nd some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) during water stress and recovery. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51: 45-56. Sreenivasulu N, Ramanjulu S, Ramachandra-Kini K, Prakash H.S, Shekar-Shetty H, Savithri H.S, Sudhakar C. 1999. Total peroxidase activity and peroxidase isoforms as modified by salt stress in two cultivars of fox-tail millet differential salt tolerance. Plant Science, 141: 1-9. Storey R, Wyn Jones RG. 1975. Betaine and choline levels in plants and their relationship to NaCl stress. Plant Science Letters, 4: 161-168. Subater B, Rodriguez MT. 1978. Control of chlorophyll degradation in detached leaves of barley and oat through effect of kinetin on chlorophyllase levels. Physiology of Plantarum, 43: 274-276. Tester M, Davenport R. 2003. Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Annales of Botany, 9: 503-527. Turan MA, Turkmer N, Taban N. 2007. Effect of NaCl on stomatal resistance and proline chlorophyll, NaCl and K concentrations of lentil plants. Journal of Agronomy, 6: 378-381. Yu Lei MK, Shaozheng L. 2000. Research on salt tolerance of some tree species on muddy seashore of north China. In International seminar on “Prospects for saline agriculture”. April 10-12, 2000, Islamabad (Pakistan). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - Conservation Tillage Can Reduce Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the Production of Rainfed Sunflower
ZAYNOLABEDIN SHAMABADI -
Open Access Article
602 - Evaluation of Genetic Variation for Drought Tolerance and Determination of the Best Selection Criteria in Safflower Genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
AHMAD REZA GOLPARVAR KOUROSH KEIGHOBADI MOHAMMAD MEHDI GHEISARI AMIN HADIPANAH -
Open Access Article
603 - Effect of Boron on Buds and Flowers Number of Tagetes Erecta in Ahvaz Climate
KAZEM BOHLOLZADE ALI GHOLAMI EBRAHIM PANAHPOUR -
Open Access Article
604 - Effective Factors in the Use of Sex Pheromone Traps on the Capture Rate of Plutella xylostella
SANA AKBARI ALIREZA JALALIZAND ESMAEIL MAHMOUDI -
Open Access Article
605 - Cumulation of dry matter in aboveground parts of sunflower at interference with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
B. MirshekariIn order to quantify of dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) at interference with redroot pigweed, a two years experiment based on additive design was performed factorially with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed den MoreIn order to quantify of dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) at interference with redroot pigweed, a two years experiment based on additive design was performed factorially with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) at relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) in Tabriz. Results showed that with increasing of 33.4 weeds/m2, biological yield of sunflower in three cultivars increased 40, 65 and 73 g/m2, when redroot pigweed emerged with sunflower. Effect of weed density unit on leaf dry matter in low densities was higher than high densities. Leaf to total dry matter ratio was not affected by studied treatments. The Azarghol can tolerate 8.3 weeds/m2 at 30 days after emergence without significant reduction in stem dry matter, while, reduction amount in two other cultivars were significant. In three cultivars, with increasing of weed density and earlier emergence times, anthodium dry matter reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - Effects of seed priming on by different physical germination, physiological and morphological characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
S. Baser kouchebagh F. Farahvash B. Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi ArbatIn order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in research MoreIn order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in researcher Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2013. Treatments included, ultrasonic treatments with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta irradiation treatments (2 µc) for 10 minutes laser treatments (6328A°) and magnetic field (40 MT) in three time (5, 10, 15 minutes) on wet seed, hydro-priming for 24 hourse and control. Results indicate that maximum final germination percentage was by seed treatments with laser irradiation for 10 minutes (nearly by 98.33%). Cultivating after hydro-priming, seedling length ratio to control inceased 99%. Highest vigor index was magnetic field treatment for 5 minutes. Highest root length was magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes. Magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes had the most effect on plant height with 93 mm when sunflower seeds that were treated by magnetic field for 15 minutes were cultivated stem dry weight ratio to control increased nearly 121%. Lowest stem dry weight was by gamma irradiation (12.16 g). Results show that physical irradiation treatments are for recommended for increased product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Effect of planting date and cutting leaves on agronomic traits and yield of sunflower cultivars in dry farming
M. Javaheri J. DaneshianIn order to study effectsofplanting date and cutting leaves on agronomic traits and yield of sunflower cultivars a field experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment arranged in RCBD in 2005. Main plots consist of four planting date with ten days increment MoreIn order to study effectsofplanting date and cutting leaves on agronomic traits and yield of sunflower cultivars a field experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment arranged in RCBD in 2005. Main plots consist of four planting date with ten days increment (from 30 march till 30 April 2005) and sub plots consist of three cultivars (Recor, Zarya, Azargol) with four levelofcutting leaves treatment (first level as control, second level by cutting alternate leaves, third level by cutting on-third of top leaves and fourth levels by cutting of on-third of intermediate leaves). Treatments were donning at flowering stage (R5). Evaluated traits were plant yield per plant, hollow diameter, disk diameter, disk weight, stem diameter, and stem weight, filled grains number per disk, filled grains weight per disk, hollow grain number, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index, productivity effort and grain number per disk. Different treatment ofcutting leaves on harvest index in (p<%1) and plant yield per plant and hollow grain number per disk in (p<%5) were significant. Effect of cultivars on plant yield per plant, disk diameter, disk weight, stem weight, filled grain number per disk, filled grain weight per disk, hollow grain number per disk, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index and productivity effort were significant in (p<%1). Means comparison showed that control treatment had maximum plant yield per plant with11.16 gr/m² and cutting one third of intermediate leaves had minimum plant yield per plant, second planting date had maximum plant per plant and Azargol had maximum plant yield per plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - The effects of Nitrogen and Phosphor on some physico-chemical characteristics and after harvest life of Narcissus flower
M. Zadebagheri A. Sohrabnejad A. Abutalebi Jahromi Sh. SharafzadehNowadays,growing Narcissus flowers have become an economical and profiting industry. Many efforts have been done to enhance the quantity and quality of this flower. In this regard, one of the most important issues is the effect of minerals on physico-chemical characteri MoreNowadays,growing Narcissus flowers have become an economical and profiting industry. Many efforts have been done to enhance the quantity and quality of this flower. In this regard, one of the most important issues is the effect of minerals on physico-chemical characteristics and after harvest life of this flower. Therefore, a research was done in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 3 repetitions of 30 observations. To assess the effect of nitrogen and phosphor, this experiment was done with three treatments of nitrogen (100, 150, and 200 kg/acre), and three treatments of phosphor (30, 60, and 90 kg/acre). Also, 100 kg/acre of potassium was used for all treatments. The amount of phosphor was evaluated using the color measurement method with the yellow Vanadat Mulibdat. The spectrophotometer (UVD-2960) for reading the absorption power in the 470 nanometer wave length. The results regarding the nitrogen amount in the leaf shows that the N3+P2+K treatment has the highest effect regarding nitrogen absorption (5.07%). Also, with an increase in the amount of phosphor, the amount of this mineral increases in the leaf. The results of this study show that the amount of nitrogen has an important effect on the amount of phosphor concentration in the leaf. As the application of nitrogen fertilizer increases, the phosphor concentration in the leaf decreases. The results of different fertilizers show that the use of fertilizing treatments increases the shelf life of narcissus flower compared with the control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - Evaluation of Effects of nitrogen and phosphorous biological fertilizers on qualities characteristics of sunflower
A. Farnia M. moayediTo investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were MoreTo investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. Treatments, four levels of fertilizer Biological nitrogen include: Nitro Ksyn, Super Nitro Plus, Nitro Kara, and control of biological phosphorus fertilizer levels include: Phosphate2 fertilized, bio zar, Super Plus and control. The results showed that the highest protein content of sunflower Efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer, biological Nitro Kara (%19/95) and phosphor bio zar (%19/76) Obtained. The highest yield of sunflower protein in biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 134/74 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 130/13 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers bio zar* Witness (To the 135/53 grams per square meter) Obtained. Most of sunflower oil on biological nitrogen fertilizer Super Nitro Plus (%29/03) and phosphor bio zar (%29/40) The highest percentage of sunflower oil and fertilizer combination Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 (%31/17) ) Obtained. Sunflower oil yield of biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 195/93 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 193/18 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 fertilized (To the 213/45 grams per square meter) Obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - Response of agriculture traits to drought stress condition in four safflower genotypes
M. Ferasat N. A. Sajedi M. Mirzakhani In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on agriculturetraits in four safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.), this experiment was conducted in field research station of Islamic Azad University of Arak, Iran during 2008-2009. T More In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on agriculturetraits in four safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.), this experiment was conducted in field research station of Islamic Azad University of Arak, Iran during 2008-2009. The experimental design was split plot based on RCBD with four replications. The treatments composed of irrigation levels 100%, 75% and 50% crop water requirement as main plot and four safflower genotypes included Esfahan native, Esfahan-14, PI-537598 and IL-111 as sub plot. Results showed that drought stress reduced grain yield and oil yield. Grain yield reduced from 1198.2 Kgha-1 in irrigation equal 100% crop water requirement to 936.5 Kg/ha in irrigation equal 50% crop water requirement. The highest oil yield 407.2 Kg/ha was related to irrigation equal 100% crop water requirement and lowest oil yield 297.7 Kg/ha was found in irrigation equal 50% crop water requirement were obtained. Among genotypes, the highest magnitude of grain yield and oil yield were obtained from Esfahan native genotype. Interaction effects of drought stress and genotypes showed that highest grain and oil yield were obtained from treatment of 100% crop water requirement and Esfahan native genotype by 1583.05 kg/ha and 605.6 kg/ha respectively. The highest grain yield and oil yield were obtained in optimum condition and stress condition from Esfahan native genotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - Evaluation of safflower genotypes selected from exotic varieties for grain and oil yields in limited irrigation condition
mohamad Sharrif Moghaddasi amir hasan Omidi In order to study of variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at research farm of Saveh Islamic Azad University. The experimental design was More In order to study of variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at research farm of Saveh Islamic Azad University. The experimental design was a 7٭7 simple lattice. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences among genotypes were highly significant (P < 0. 01) for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from cultivars Goldasht and Padideh with 1700 and 433 kg/ha respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the grain yield per plot is significantly correlated with oil yield, number of head and seed per head and number of secondary branches. The results of path coefficient analysis showed that increasing of seed yield has been associated with number of bulb per plant, secondary branches and number of seed per bulb with coefficients as 0.610, 0.480 and 0.300 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - Effects of super absorbent application on yield and phonological traits of safflower cultivars in delay and spring sowing time at rain fed conditions in Sanandaj, Iran
samira Mohammadi hamid Madani asad Rokhzadi In order to study the effectsof sowing date and super absorbent polymer application on yield and agronomictraits of safflower cultivars under rain fed conditions, an experiment wasconducted using a split-split plot layout in a random More In order to study the effectsof sowing date and super absorbent polymer application on yield and agronomictraits of safflower cultivars under rain fed conditions, an experiment wasconducted using a split-split plot layout in a randomized complete block designwith three replications in Sanandaj region. Two planting dates of delay (a1)and spring (a2) sowing were compared in main plots. Two treatmentsof non-application (b1) and application (b2) of superabsorbent polymer were assigned in subplots and three cultivars of Sina (c1),Faraman (c2) and Goldasht (c3) were applied as sub-subplots.Results showed that the phenology of safflower was significantly affected bysowing date. The longest developmental stages were recorded in delay sowingdate. Super absorbent application had no significant effect on crop phenology.Effect of sowing date on capitula number per plant, seed yield, biologicalyield and protein yield was significant. delay sowing date was superior tospring sowing date with regard to seed yield and crop productivity. Superabsorbent application significantly increased the number of capitula per plant,moreover in spring sowing date, application of super absorbent significantlyincreased biological yield as compared with non-application treatment. Thegreatest amount of seed yield among the studied genotypes was recorded by Faramancultivar at the rate of 601.2 kg/ha. According to the results of thisexperiment, delay sowing of safflower in rain fed conditions is morerecommended in comparison with spring sowing, and super absorbent applicationespecially in spring sowing date can resulted in improvement of crop growth andyield. In addition to, Faraman cultivar was superior to other two cultivarswith regard to productivity and yield under regional conditions of thisexperiment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
613 - Effects of irrigation regimes, nitrogen rate and plant density on dry matter accumulation in sunflower (var. Iroflor)
E. Gholinezhad N. Sajedi Inorder to study the effects of water deficiency stress, nitrogen application rates, and plant density on grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and related traits of oily sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor) in 2007-2009 in experim More Inorder to study the effects of water deficiency stress, nitrogen application rates, and plant density on grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and related traits of oily sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor) in 2007-2009 in experimental field Agriculture and Research center of West-Azerbaijan. The study was consisted split-split-plot experiments using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The factor main was consisted irrigation treatment including optimum irrigation, moderate stress and sever stress where irrigation was done after depletion of 50%, 70% and 90% of available water, respectively. Three nitrogen levels consisting of 100, 160 and 220 kg N ha-1 were considered as sub plots and sub – sub plots consisted of three plant populations of 5.55, 6.66 and 8.33 plants m-2. The results of combined analyzes showed that severe drought stress reduced the grain yield by 60% compared to the optimum irrigation condition. Increasing nitrogen application caused grain yield increase. The response of grain yield to increase in plant population was positive. In level of optimum irrigation with increasing rate of nitrogen traits all rate increased but in level of irrigation with increasing plant population head diameter decresed. Severe drought stress caused to reducing leaf area index, crop growth rate, disorder in absorbing and transferring of foodstuffs and reduced production of elaborate sap and at least reduced grain yield. In drought stress condition due to decling vegetative organs dry weight grain yield decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - Response of safflower yield and yield components to inoculation with azotobacter and mycorrhiza in Arak region
Arezu Omidi Mohammad Mirzakhani Mohamad reza Ardakani In order to study the response of yield components of Safflower to inoculation of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza in the Arak region, The experimental &nb More In order to study the response of yield components of Safflower to inoculation of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza in the Arak region, The experimental was conducted as factorial on based of RCBD in three replications during 2012 in research farm of college of Arak Islamic Azad university.Treatments including of inoculated with Azotobacter in three levels (Non-inoculated with Azotobacter, inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with Azotobacter-12) and mycorrhiza treatment in four levels (Non-inoculated with mycorrhiza,inoculation with Glomus intraradices, inoculation with Glomus Mossae and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mossae).Effect azotobacter was significant on traits number of grain per capitule at 5% probability level and grain yield and harvest index of sub-sub capitule at 1% probability level.Effect mycorrhiza was significant on traits number of grain per capitule, grain yield and harvest index of sub-sub capitule at 1% probability level.Also effect interaction azotobacter and mycorrhiza was significant on traits plant height, number of capitule per plant,number of grain per capitule, grain yield and harvest index of sub-sub capitule. Result showed that highest grain yield equal to 1333 kg.ha-1 was obtained from treatment of non-inoculated with Azotobacter and inoculation with mycorrhiza Glomus mossae and the lowest grain yield equal to 828.3 kg.ha-1 was obtained from treatment of non-inoculated with azotobacter and mycorrhiza. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - Evaluation of Source and Sink relationship in two sunflower hybrids
M. Yarnia A. RahmatiStudy of sink-source relation has a high value on phloem loading by sucrose and show that which of the source production capacity or sink acceptance capacity has the higher effect on yield. Then a RCBD base on factorial experiment with two sunflower hybrids (Azargol and MoreStudy of sink-source relation has a high value on phloem loading by sucrose and show that which of the source production capacity or sink acceptance capacity has the higher effect on yield. Then a RCBD base on factorial experiment with two sunflower hybrids (Azargol and Alstar) and four seed elimination (without elimination, one third of anthodium lateral seeds, one third of anthodium middle seeds, and one third of anthodium central seeds) were conducted with three replications during 2004 in Tabriz. Seed elimination was done after full pollination. Results showed that there were significant differences between two hybrids in all characters, except 1000 kernel weight and seed thickness. 1000 kernel weight and seed dimensions increased by seed elimination but kernel/grain ratio decreased. Azargol and Alstar shoved 3.9 % and 6.9 % increasing in 1000 kernel weight respectively. 1000 kernel weight in control was 75.43 grams and in one third of anthodium lateral seeds, one third of anthodium middle seeds and one third of anthodium central seed were 81.37, 78.83 and 78.21 gr, respectively. Increasing 1000 kernel weight in elimination levels in related to control showed the source limitation of these hybrids and there was higher source limitation in Alstar than Azargol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - Utilization Effect of manure inoculated by azotobacter and nitrogen application on yield and yield components of winter safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
S. Rasooli M. Mirzakhani N. SajediEffect of Inoculation With Azotobacter, Manure and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.).In order to investigation effect of Azotobacter inoculation, application of manure and nitrogen application on yield and f MoreEffect of Inoculation With Azotobacter, Manure and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.).In order to investigation effect of Azotobacter inoculation, application of manure and nitrogen application on yield and function components of safflower, In 1388 test is performed as factorial in from of design of accidental complete blocks with 3 repeat in educational field Islamic Azad university.Experimental care suchas Azotoba include Azotobacter, Nitrogen and manure that first one performed in x Level without inoculation A0and with ino culation A1 and second one preformed in 3 level %50 ,%75 and %100 and the third one performed in 2 leven 15 ton in hectar on kind of fall safflower. Result indicated that effect of various levels in Azotobacter on trait like hight of plant, number of lateral branch, number of boll function of grain, weight of grain and biologic function of major boll.Meaning full. Also, effect of various levels in nitrogen on traits like height of plant , number of lateral branch, number of seed on boll and function of seed was meaning full Also , effect of various level in manure on biologic function was meaning full. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - The study planting date effects on yield and components yield of varieties sunflower area in Rudab Bam
S. Haerei Nejhad H. Madani S. Sadeghzadeh In order study the best planting date in the yeield and yield components of four varieties of sun flower, in the roodobthat is one of the suburbs belonging to bam in a personal and private farm in the agricultural year 87- 88. The ex More In order study the best planting date in the yeield and yield components of four varieties of sun flower, in the roodobthat is one of the suburbs belonging to bam in a personal and private farm in the agricultural year 87- 88. The experiment was performed using split plot arranged complete randomized block design with two dactors of planting date including (T1 = 87/12/15) (T2 =87/12/28) (T3 =88/1/15) and uriaty (azargole, record, zarya and mehr). That was repeated for three times. The distance of rows was concider as 50 centimeters and the distance of bushes was 25 centimeters for all plot and ouso the density of bush in hektar was considered as the amount of 80000 in a fixed way. The measured traits contained of the yield of seed, the weight of thousand seed. The height of plant, the number of seed in plate, head diameter, the number of leaf in plant, the diameter and thicleness of main stem, the yield and function of seed in a single bush, and the yield of seed in the unit of surface. The result and effect of planting date on all the measured traits except the head diameter got significant so that the yield of seed in the first planting date.With the omount of 4444 kilogram/ hektar got the most yield and function of seed and the third planting date because of confronting with high temprature and as a result the hollownessof seed with the weight of 4132 kilogram/ hektar got the least yield of seed.The effect of variety on all trouts wich are being studied except the weight of thousand seed and the number of lead in plant in the level of possibility I persent got significant.The variety of the hybrid in azargol with the yield of seed in the amount of 4610 kilogram/hektar had the best yield and function. The reciprocal effects between planting date and variety with the exceotion of weight of thousand seed was a significant statistics on all traits in the level of possibility. So that the careness combination of the third planting date and the variety of azargol had the best seed yield.The seed yield and function showed a positive correlation with the height of plant, the number of seed per head, head diameter, the main stem thickness and diameter, yield and function in a single bush, yield and function in m2 and on the other hand it showed a negative correlation with the weight of thousand seed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - Investigation of growth analysis of spring safflower and its effect on yield in Arak condition
H. Tahmasebizade N. Khodabande H. Madani I. FarahaniThis study was performed to survey the effect of planting data, plant density and different level of Nitrogen fertilizer on local variety of spring safflower. It was done at the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008-2009. The experiment was conducted MoreThis study was performed to survey the effect of planting data, plant density and different level of Nitrogen fertilizer on local variety of spring safflower. It was done at the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008-2009. The experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications and 48 plots. Traits were selected as two planting date (10 May and 10 June as dilatory planting) with different level of Nitrogen fertilizer (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant density about 400000 and 80000 bushes/ha that the density of 800000 bushes was in the form of double planting rows on both side of ridges. In order to determine the growth characteristics, by taking samples every 15 days, the amount of growth was measured from hexaphyllous stage (state) till harvesting time. The changing process of dried substance during growth time showed that at 700°c, the aggregation of dried substance has been linear, then after falling leaves and by the end of growth season, it has followed a descending order. The maximum yield of seed was related to planting date of 10 may, with using 92 kg Nitrogen fertilizer and the plant density of 80000 bushes/ha, the average of which was about 3050 kg/ha. Also the highest yield of oil was about 321.17 kg and it was related to the planting date of 10 may, with using 92 kg Nitrogen fertilizer and the plant density of 800000 bushes/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Effect of Rows Spacing and Planting Density on Yield and Yield Component of Two Cultivars Safflower
S. Pooreydi F. Paknejad M. Esfini Farahani M. Bakhtiari Moghadam S. AzizkhaniPlanting pattern through changing in vegetative growth and beneficiary by environmental factors effect on safflower yield and yield components. In order to evaluate effect of rows spacing and planting density on yield and yield components of two cultivars safflower, thi MorePlanting pattern through changing in vegetative growth and beneficiary by environmental factors effect on safflower yield and yield components. In order to evaluate effect of rows spacing and planting density on yield and yield components of two cultivars safflower, this study carried out in split plot factorial experiment on base of randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch in March 2011. The main plot was rows spacing in three levels (30, 45 cm in flat planting and 60 cm in bed planting) and sub plots were cultivars in two levels (L5 and Goldasht) and plant density in two levels (35 and 45 plants.m-2). Measured traits include seed yield, number of stem.plant-1, number of head.plant-1, number of seed.head-1 and 1000 seed weight. Results indicate that rows spacing had no significant effect on number of stem.plant-1, number of head.plant-1, number of seed.head-1 and 1000 seed weight. But seed yield decreased by increase in row spacing. Plant density had no significant effect on number of stem.plant-1, number of seed.head-1 and 1000 seed weight, but had significant effect (P<0/05) on number of head.plant-1 and significant effect (P<0/01) on seed yield. Also plant density had significant effect (P<0/05) on number of head.plant-1. 1000 seed weight increased by increase in plant density, but seed yield, number of stem.plant-1, number of head.plant-1 and number of seed.head-1 decreased by increase in plant density. Highest level of seed yield obtained in 30 cm row space and 35 plants.m-2 in L5 cultivar with 5804/30 kg/ha. Lowest level of seed yield obtained in 60 cm row space and 45 plants.m-2 in L5 cultivar with 1685/78 kg/ha. As for optimum effect of safflower evenly dispensation in unit area and adaptation in bed planting method, it seems that this planting pattern would be suitable for spring planting of safflower under conditions similar to this experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - Comparison the effect of biologic fertilizer with chemical on oil sunflower (helianthus annus) in Arak condition
M. Moradi H. Madani M. A. Malboubi R. Pilehvari KhomamiThis is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RC MoreThis is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RCBD based on a factorial design with 4 replications. This research was performed in the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008. Factors were considered as two level Bacteria (B1: use Biologic phosphorus), (B2: no use Biologic phosphorus) and four level (P1; 150 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P2; 300 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P3; 150 kg/ha Triple phosphate super) and (P4: 300 kg/ha triple phosphate super). The results showed that using mixture of biologic phosphorus and Ammonium phosphate caused to improve planted sunflower. Characteristic such as weight of 1000 seeds, the number of seeds per head, yield of seed per hectare, head diameter, harvest index and biomass yield noticeable increase. Interaction of phosphorus and bacteria except in the empty percent and oil percent in the other characteristic was signification on the whole. Totally, results showed that by using released bacteria we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer by 50% without any significant reduction of yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
621 - Study of the amount and type of nitrogen source on sunflower yield and yield components in Markazi province
Hamid Madani GHolam hosien Khadraee Amir hosein Shirani Rad hosein Mirahmadi Eraghi In order to investigate the quantity and source of nitrogen and nitrogen coated urea on yield and growing index in sunflower hybrid More In order to investigate the quantity and source of nitrogen and nitrogen coated urea on yield and growing index in sunflower hybrids , an experiment was conducted in research farm of Agricultural Jahad Organization in Arak during 2006. The main goal of this research was determining the suitable quantity and kind of nitrogen application to reach the maximum grain yield and oil yield of two sunflower cultivars in climatic conditions of Arak as provincial center of Markazi province. The experiments was done with different treatments of nitrogen and nitrogen coated urea each in 3 levels (25, 50, 100 kg/ha) of recorded cultivar and Liza–R–M hybrid based on factorial experiment in RCB with four replications. Some of compared characteristics were considered as, plant height, hay yield weight, head diameter, disk seed weight, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and rate of crop growing. The result of experiment showed that application of different nitrogen levels had significant difference on the rate of growing but the oil percentage had no differences. The highest grain yield was related to record cultivar with average 3.36 ton/ha and the treatment of 100 kg/ha nitrogen coated urea with average 3.96 ton/ha. The comparison of different treatments showed the highest increase in the crop growth rate in treatment of 100 kg/ha nitrogen coated urea much more than the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - The effect of Different levels of Salinity Stress on germination and seedling growth of Sufflower Cultivars in Greenhouse condition
Esmaiel gholinezhad Asieh Majlesi seyed javad Talebzadeh vahid Salmanpour Nour ali SajediIn order to investigation of salinity stress effects on vegetative, and plantlet growth an experiment conducted by factorial based on randomized completely block designs with 4 replications in 2011 in department of agriculture of Urmia Payame Noor. The factors were 4 ge MoreIn order to investigation of salinity stress effects on vegetative, and plantlet growth an experiment conducted by factorial based on randomized completely block designs with 4 replications in 2011 in department of agriculture of Urmia Payame Noor. The factors were 4 genotypes (Zarghan 279, Gholdasht, Faraman and Padideh) and 5 level of salinity (0-4-8-12-16) ds/m from Nacl. In these research traits of root, leaf, stem dry weight, seedling dry weight, stem length, root length and stress tolerance index were meausured. The results showed that different levels of salinity had siugnificantly affect on root, leaf, stem dry weight, seedling dry weight, stem length, root length and stress tolerance index. Comparison of mean showed that salinity stress of 16 ds/m traits root, leaf, stem dry weight, seedling dry weight, stem length and root length decreased about 60, 44, 68, 55, 76 and 58%, respectively. So the highest obtained from control treatment and the lowest obtained from salinity level of 16 ds/m. The genotypes respond differently to salinity levels. It seems genotypes of Faraman have more tolerance to salinity conditions. Genotypes of Zarghan 279, Gholdasht and Padideh were sensitive to salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - Use of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annus) in attendance of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca)
Farzad Vojoohi Manuchehr Jamnezhad Payam Moaveni This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arr More This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arranged as factorial experiments in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shahriar, Iran. First factor was conducted in three levels consisting of: control, cow manure (10% of each pot) and jift (10% of each pot). Second factor carried out in six levels consisting of: control, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate .For all kinds of nitrogenous fertilizers (except control) level of pure nitrogen was 3ppm. The results showed that organic soil amendment had a significant effect on yield components of sunflower and the stem number and dry weight of broomrape. Cow manure decreased the dry weight of broomrape and increased dry weight of stem and capitol and seed of sunflower. Jift had decreased stem number and dry weight of broomrape and decreased the dry weight of stem and capitol and seeds of sunflower. Urea decreased the height and fresh weight of broomrape in comparison with other kinds of fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - Investigating the effect of bush condensation in different moisture regimes on the qualitative and quantitative characters of sunflower in circumstances of sistan
R. Baradaran H. R. Fanaei M. SargeziIn order to investigate the effect of aridity tension ,an experiment was conducted under the Sistan circumstances in the form of once _shatterd acacia based on whole random blocks ,with four replications in the agricultural and natural resources research station of sist MoreIn order to investigate the effect of aridity tension ,an experiment was conducted under the Sistan circumstances in the form of once _shatterd acacia based on whole random blocks ,with four replications in the agricultural and natural resources research station of sistan in the crop year 88-89.the main cause of aridity tension included 4 levels:S1-irrigation in5-7 leaves ,asterring ,emergence of full head,50% flowering and seed filling ,S2- irrigation cut in 5-7 leaves ,S3-irrigation cut in5-7 leaves ,asterring ,emergence of full head, ,S4-irrigation cut in 5-7 leaves , irrigation cut in 50% flowering and seed filling.The peripheral factor was in 3 levels(8,10,12 bushes per square meter). The results of characters variance analysis showed that the effect of ariadity tension in developmental stages of the plant on morphological characters such as :height of stem, diameter of stem diameter of the head , :the number of seeds in the head, seed yield and oil yield, was one percent different in terms of statistical significance. The effect of loush condensation on other measured characters except for the bush height showed a statistically significant difference .the interactive effects of aridity tension and bush condensation on other measured characters except for the bush height and the oil percentage did not show any statistically significant difference .The highest seed yield in this experience was gaincd in treatment S1 with the average of 2314 kilograms a hectare and the lowest seed yield was gained in treatment S3whih the average of 810 kilograms a hectare .With the increase in bush condensation ,the seed yield showed a significant in crease in proportion to low bush condensation, despite the decrease in yield components .that was in a way which the highest value was gained in 12-bush condensation per a square meter with the average of2141 kilograms a hectare .The simple correlation results showed that the seed yield with the number of seeds in the head ,had the highest correlation coefficient .from all these results it could be concluded that irrigation before and after flowering with 12-bush condensation per a square meter, in recommended for Sistan circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
625 - Investigate planting date plant density and different level of N fertilizer on the yield and oil percent of spring safflower
hasan Tahmasbizadeh hamid madani gholamreza Naderi Boroujerdi This research was conducted to determiner planting date planting density and different level N of fertilizer on the yield and oil percent of spring safflower on Esfahan variety exact10th at 2010 in Arak region. The experiment was performe More This research was conducted to determiner planting date planting density and different level N of fertilizer on the yield and oil percent of spring safflower on Esfahan variety exact10th at 2010 in Arak region. The experiment was performed in factorial split plat based on RCBD with 4replications and 48 plot. treatment were selected as two planting dates (10th of May and 10th of July) and different level of N(46 ,92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant densities (400000 and 800000 plant/ha) hence 800000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting .result showed that the highest yield was related to 10th of may planting date with 138 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 3101 kg/ha. So highest oil yield was related to 10th of may planting date with 138 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 995.85 kg/ha .lowest oil yield was related to 10th of July planting date with 138 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 400000 per hectare by 432 .there for plant density has in crease Effect of oil yield .so according shown result 800000 plant per hectare as comparison 400000 plant per hectare has direct effect in oil yield spring safflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
626 - Investigation of planting dates and irrigation regimes on physiological traits of two spring sufflower (carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars
M. Zahedi R. Mamghani M. Mesgarbashi A. Kashani A. R. MontaseriIn order to investigation of planting dates and irrigation regimes on physiological traits of two spring sufflower cultivars a field experiment was conducted in 2002.The experimental design was a split-split plot with four replications. Treatments were planting dates as MoreIn order to investigation of planting dates and irrigation regimes on physiological traits of two spring sufflower cultivars a field experiment was conducted in 2002.The experimental design was a split-split plot with four replications. Treatments were planting dates as main plots, irrigation regimes as sub-plots and safflower cultivars (Arak-2811, Esfahan Local) as sub-sub plots. The result showed that late planting and low irrigation decrease the physiological traits such as LAI, CGR, and LAR. NAR and LWR were not shown any significant differences between two considered cultivars, because those had similar growth period. Maximum LAI in first planting date and better irrigation was 4.75 and maximum LAI in third planting date and low irrigation was 3.89, which needed 1340 GDD. Highest CGR obtained between 1400-1500 GDD when LAI started to decline.Relative growth rate (RGR) showed net assimilation rate (NAR) also declining trend. NAR also decreased with time. LAR and LWR also showed a declining trend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
627 - Effect of Polyamine, Boron and Molybdenum Growth Stimulant Spray before Flowering on Yield and Indices of SafflowerGrowth
P. Arabporian H. Madani J. M. SinakiThis research was done to study effect of polyamine, boron and molybdenum growth micronutrients spray on yield and indices of growth in Padideh and Mahali Esfahan Cultivars of Safflowerin a factorial test based on randomized complete block deign with four replications i MoreThis research was done to study effect of polyamine, boron and molybdenum growth micronutrients spray on yield and indices of growth in Padideh and Mahali Esfahan Cultivars of Safflowerin a factorial test based on randomized complete block deign with four replications in agricultural year of 2011-2012 in Damghan city. Test treatments included control (without spray) and spray before flowering (vegetative phase) and the tested cultivars were Mahali Esfahan and Padideh. The evaluated traits included percent of oil, Grain Weight (1000 Seeds), plant height, diameter of stem, harvest index, and the number ofcapitols per plant. The presence of significant interaction between mean levels of cultivar and spray before flowering in plant height trait in Padideh cultivar (74.75 cm) and Mahali Esfahan cultivar (68 cm) showed that behavior of cultivars to spray levels was different. Generally, mean of spray before flowering was improved compared to the control sample in grain oil (39.29%), capitols per plant (29.23), plant height (30.90 cm) and diameter of stem (45.05 mm). in this test , mean of Mahali Esfahan cultivar was preferred to Padideh cultivar in grain oil (11.56 %), capitols per plant (33.46), harvest index(27.64%) and plant height (73.50 cm). Padideh cultivar was preferred to Mahali Esfahan cultivar in grain weight (1000 seeds) (32.50 grams) and diameter of stem (12.72 mm). In this test, positive and significant correlation between percent of oil and traits of plant height and harvest index was proved. Generally, one can conclude that Mahali Esfahan cultivar was better with the highest growth index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
628 - Study of different effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of Safflower in Sistan region
M. Sadegh Bakhtiari H. Ganjali A. Mehraban A. EbrahimiIn order to examine the effects of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield quality and quantity of safflower in the Sistan region in 1389-90 experimental field research station of Agriculture and Natural Resources Zahak was performed. Factors examined inclu MoreIn order to examine the effects of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield quality and quantity of safflower in the Sistan region in 1389-90 experimental field research station of Agriculture and Natural Resources Zahak was performed. Factors examined included from urea source nitrogen levels in the order N1 (control), N2 (80 kg/ha), N3 (160 kg/ha) and N4 (240/ha kg) to 1/3 before planting, 1/3 Phase out the rosette and 1/3 prior to flowering and phosphorus the three levels and the P1 (control), P2 (75 kg/ha), P3 (150 kg/ha) were before. A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted on the phenomenon of safflower varieties. Based on the results of variance analysis for seed yield and oil yield nitrogen use at the level of %1 and %5 and %1 level for phosphorus and nitrogen in oil for %5 level was significant.In this study, the highest seed yield, oil percentage and oil yield to treatment N3P2 (consumption of 160 kg nitrogen and 75 kg phosphorus per hectare) of 4067 kg/ha, %26/81 and 1089 kg/ha and minimum of the control N1P1 (no consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus) of 2208 kg/ha, %25/07 and 552/7 kg/ha, respectively. The seed yield variation, oil percentage and oil yield from the second relation follows that with increasing amounts of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are more bearish trend was observed in these traits. In experiments conducted greatest height, boll number per plant and biological yield the highest levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment N4P3 (consumed 240 kg N and 150 kg P per hectare) rate 134/4 cm, 12/90 boll and 18050 kg/ha and the least rate of control N1P1 101/4 cm, 5 boll and 11270 kg/ha, and citing surveys taken treatment N3P2 with 47/53 g most and treatment N1P1 with 45/03 g lowest seed weight had the highest proportion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
629 - Evaluation of correlation and path analysis of seed and oil yield in spring safflower cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
ahmad reza Golparvar abdolah Ghasemi PirbaloutiIdentification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. So, 10 spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on RCBD with MoreIdentification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. So, 10 spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on RCBD with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch in 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, No. seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. These traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. Traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No. seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
630 - Evaluation of correlation and path analysis of seed and oil yield in spring safflower cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions
A. R. Golparvar A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and More Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch at 6 March 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No.seed/plant, No.seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No.seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No.seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. Therefore, these traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. On the other hand, traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No.seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - The effect of the date of plant, Grain density and the level of nitrogen on the qualitative and quantitative performance of spring safflowers
H. Tahmasebizadeh I. FarahaniThe effect of the date of planting, plant density, and the various of level of nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative performance of spring safflower were investigated in the The experiment was conducted based on split-plot factorial in a randomized co MoreThe effect of the date of planting, plant density, and the various of level of nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative performance of spring safflower were investigated in the The experiment was conducted based on split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block on the 4 repetitions. Treatment includes to dates as a delayed cultivation: 20 May and 20 June . we used different level of nitrogen include 138, 92 and 46 Kg. Nitrogen is source of urea . Plan density were 400 and 800 thousands plants per hectare. The highest grain yield is 1301 kg ; and the maximum yield is 3101kg on the June 20. Our results show that we have better performance on May 20 because of better use of environmental conditions. The best time for delayed cultivation on the May 20th in Arak. Density have significant effect on the safflower’s performance. According to our results, the density of 800 thousands in per hectare has direct effect on the performance of the safflower compared to the 400 thousands in per hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
632 - Investigating of boron and zinc compound application on corn seed set in Mazandaran environment, Iran
M. Ghadamgahi H. Madani Sh. KhaghaniThe experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried MoreThe experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried out. Factors include four levels of P (P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively, 350 kg ammonium phosphate ha175 kg ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and 175 kg P -2 reproductive biology, biological phosphorus fertilization -2) and four levels of zinc(Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, respectively, of zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate 25 kg ha sprayed on with a concentration of 10%, 25 kg ha sprayed zinc and zinc) were considered. Foliar application of zinc and phosphorus-releasing bacteria in the field, In the pre-flowering and 10 days after return again. The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The results showed that the highest yield of 50% ammonium phosphate ha treated with biological phosphorus fertilization -2 And application of zinc dust consumption of 78/5632kg ha treatments applied at 50% -2 Biological phosphorus fertilized with ammonium phosphate with zinc sulfate soil and foliar application of zinc Rate of 52/5493kg per hectare, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
633 - Effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower
Mohamad Sibi Mohamad Mirzakhani Masoud Gomarian In order to study the effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower, an experimental was done in 2010. Experiment was performed as split factorial based on RCBD with 4 replicati More In order to study the effect of water stress, taking zeolite and salicylic acid on yield and yield components of spring safflower, an experimental was done in 2010. Experiment was performed as split factorial based on RCBD with 4 replications. Water stress was selected as major factor in three levels (I0 = Irrigation water requirement plants as control, I1 = 85% and I2 =70% of the amount of irrigation water requirements) in the main plots and consuming different amounts of zeolite at three levels (Z0= not taking zeolite as control, Z1= zeolite amount consumed 4 tons per hectare and Z2= zeolite consumption amount consumed 8 t.ha-1) and two levels of salicylic acid SA0= no salicylic acid and SA1= consumption and sprayed salicylic acid) as a minor factor in a factorial combination of sub-plots were placed.The results showed that the effect of different levels of water stress on traits such as plant height, boll number per plant, grain per boll, yield of boll grain and biological yield in sub-percent probability level was significant. Also, different levels of consumption zeolite on the characteristics such as, the number of boll per plant, seeds per boll, grain yield and biological yield in sub-attribute level and statistical plant height in a percentage level of 5% were significant. Salicylic acid also taking on the characteristics such as number of grain per boll and yield levels was statistically significant in a percentage. Among different levels of water stress, the highest and lowest average grain yield 954.75 and 455.29 kg ha-1, respectively, related to irrigation and 70% based on 100% water plant was needed. Also between different levels of maximum and minimum consumption of zeolite with an average grain yield 823.58 and 589.33 kg ha-1 respectively consumed 8 tons of treated zeolite and zeolite used was not treated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
634 - Effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) competition on some physiological traits and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
B. MirshekariIn order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 p MoreIn order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants/m2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower, 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) during 2005-2006. Results revealed that in three sunflower cultivars, at high densities and early interference times of redroot pigweed leaf area index decreased, significantly. In Azarghol, reduction amount of leaf area per plant in emerging of 41.7 weeds/m2 was 12%, compared with control. In Allstar, weed density was more effective than interference time, while, in Azarghol and Hysun interference time was more effective than weed density with a view to effect on leaf area duration. Azarghol could tolerate 41.7 and 8.3 weeds/m2 from 30 and 15 days after sunflower emergence later, respectively, without reduction on yield. While intensity of inter-specific competition between redroot pigweed and sunflower in Allstar was higher than Azarghol and Hysun. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
635 - Effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
R. Mohamadvarzi D. Habibi S. Vazan A. Pazoki T. Nooralvandi In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Bra More In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch in2009. Experiment performed factorial based on CRBD with three replications. Experiment in clouding of four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 54, 108 and 161 Kg.N/ha) and four level of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including control, Nitroxin (Azotobacter, Azospirillum), Biophosphorus (Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and also combined fertilizers (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus). Results showed that application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increased seed yield, biologic yield, and plant height in compare with control. Combined biological fertilizers increased higher under studied traits. Maximum seed yield (26.68% increased) obtained in combined biological fertilizer (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus) treatment with 2516 kg/ha in compare with control (1850 kg/ha). Nitrogen chemical fertilizers treatments showed significant effect on protein percent. Interaction of treatments showed significant effect on oil percent. Results showed application of PGPR agriculture has important role in improvement of growth and yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - Evaluation of safflower genotypes selected from exotic varieties for grain and oil yields in limited irrigation condition
M. Sharrif Moghaddasi A. H. OmidiTo study variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at Research Farm of Saveh University. The experimental design was a 7 x 7 simple lattice. The results of analysis of MoreTo study variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at Research Farm of Saveh University. The experimental design was a 7 x 7 simple lattice. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences among genotypes were highly significant (P < 0. 01) for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from cultivars Goldasht and Padideh with 1700 and433 respectively.Phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the grain yield per plot is significantly correlated with oil yield, number of head and seed per head and number of secondary branches. The results of path coefficient analysis revealed that increase of seed yield was associated with number of heads. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - Effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of sunflower
M. Yarnia P. Safaie M. B. Khorshidi-benam E. Farajzadeh In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Wate More In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Water deficite stress at four levels (50, 90, 130 and 170 mm evaporate from class A pan) arranged in main plots and five K2SO4 levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) in sub plots. The results of variance analyzing of date showed that interaction of stress and K was highly significant on height of stem, leaf dry weight, number of grain in anthodium¸ weight of grain in anthodium, biomass, yield¸ harvest index and 100 kernel weight, effective filling period was significant. Result showed that the interaction effects of treatments had significant different in these traits. Rate of a traits under study increased when 200 kg/ha of potassium sulphate was used and field irrigated after 50 mm evaporation from pan. Application of potassium decrease drought stress damage. Irrigating after 50 to 90¸ 130 and 170 mm evaporation from pan decreased yield by 10.36¸ 24.43 and 59.46 percent. But yield reduction by application 200 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertilizer was only 32.48 percent. This indicates that by applying potassium fertilize yield reduction will be decreased under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - Effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield Components on sunflower
P. Yousefvand N. Sajedi M. MirzakhaniIn order to study the effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield components of sunflower a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot using RCBD with four replications. Experiment was done at research farm of Arak Islamic Azad Univ MoreIn order to study the effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield components of sunflower a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot using RCBD with four replications. Experiment was done at research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University in Iran during 2009-2010. The experimental factors included three levels of irrigations (irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement as control, irrigation equal 75% and 50% of crop water requirement) and zeolit in three levels (0, 4 and 8 t/ha) and sodium selenit in two levels (0 and 18 g/ha). The result showed that, irrigation significantly effected on observed in irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement + 8 ton/ha Zeolit + 18 g/ha sodium selenit, that with treatment of 75% crop water requirement + 8 ton/ha +18 g/ha sodium selenit with yield equal to 3000.2 kg/ha on significant. Application of 8 ton/ha Zeolit +18g/ha sodium selenit in irrigation of 75% crop water requirement, increased grian yield equal 34.16% as comprer with without zeolit and sodium selenit, also application of this treatment in condition of 50% crop water requirement increased grain yield equal 24.61% as compared with without zeolit and sodium selenit. It is concluded that with irrigation equal to 75% water requirement + 8 ton/ha Zeolit +18 g/ha sodium selenit obtain optimum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Effects of different plant density on yield and yield components of sunflower oil in the region of Bam Roudab
E. Mehrabi Gohari R. Taghizade Mehrjardi To study the effects of plant density and yield components of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the city of Bam Rudab. The experiments using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was co More To study the effects of plant density and yield components of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the city of Bam Rudab. The experiments using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted where the density at three levels (30 = D3 and 20 = D2 or 10 = D1) as the main factor and Figures V1, V2, V3, V4, were examined as secondary factors. The results show that the compression performance of different varieties and plant height, seed weight, number of seeds per head, head diameter, yield per plant, yield per unit area, number of leaves per plant and leg diameter there is a significant difference so that the maximum performance of the D1 density of 709/3 and the variety V1 (Azargol) of 843/3 per acre and the lowest density of D3 443/3 and the number V4 (Mehr) of 162 / 3 tons per hectare allocated and the total density and cultivar effects on yield and some yield components were summed so that there is a significant difference between the characteristics and performance of the combined treatment, D2 V1 and D1 V2 are the majority with no statistical differences and the lowest yield of the treatment combination of D3 V4 04/3 tons per hectare is devoted to the treatment combination of a statistical analysis are D3V4. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - Effects of planting pattern and Nitrogen amounts on yield and yield components of spring safflower in Eghlid region, Fars Province
zohreh amini Mashala Hosseini Sedighe Zarei Hamid Madani Mohamad reza Mohamadrezakhani In order to study the effects of planting pattern and nitrogen amounts and their interaction on yield and yield components of spring safflower cultivar IL111 in Eghlid Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Sta More In order to study the effects of planting pattern and nitrogen amounts and their interaction on yield and yield components of spring safflower cultivar IL111 in Eghlid Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station was done in split plots as a randomized complete block design with 15 treatments and 3 replications during 2008-2009. The main plots were planting pattern (row distance 30, 45 and 60 cm) and sub plots were five levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 Kg/ha of pure nitrogen) as urea. In this study some plant properties such as seed yield, seed number in head, the number of head in plant, 1000 seed weight, oil seed percent, oil seed yield, biological yield, seed protein percent and leaf nitrogen percent were measured. The results show the highest seed yield (2229 kg/ha) and the highest oil yield (691 kg/ha) were made with 60 cm row distance and 80 kg/ha of pure nitrogen, That was 54 and 59.2 percent higher than control. The highest number of seed in head (88.67) that was the most important yield component was obtained from 60cm row distance and 80 kg/ha of pure nitrogen. The highest oil seed percent (31.7) was obtained from 60cm row distance and 40 kg/ha of pure nitrogen and highest protein seed percent (14.62) was obtained from 60cm row distance and 160 kg/ha of pure nitrogen. The difference between oil and protein percent show an opposite relation when increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels. By considering the our results, 60cm row distance and 80 kg/ha of pure nitrogen for this safflower cultivar in similar conditions to the experiment is suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - The assessment effects of NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and essential oil of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.)
Gh. Naderi H. Madani Hyssopus officinalis L. is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Lamiaceae. In this study the effect chemical fertilizer on Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) biomass yield and essential oil was investigated during 2009-2011. Treatments were F1= Control More Hyssopus officinalis L. is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Lamiaceae. In this study the effect chemical fertilizer on Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) biomass yield and essential oil was investigated during 2009-2011. Treatments were F1= Control, without using any fertilize, F2: N50P40K100, F3: N100P80K100 and F4: N150P120K150. The experimental design for each year was a complete randomized block design (CRD) with three replications. The results have shown a significant increase in some properties of hyssop compare to control. N100P80K100 with an average 2824 kg ha-1 had highest Biomass. The treatment of using N100P80K100 fertilizers are recommended for increasing the dry yield of flowering branches and biomass of Hyssopus officinalis in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - The effect of sowing date, plant density and different levels of nitrogen on the growth traits and rate of essence in medicine safflower
Hasan Tahmasbizadeh Hamid Madani GHolamreza Naderi Broujerdi To study the effect of sowing date, plant density and different levels of nitrogen on yield and the among of essence in spring safflower an experiment was done in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2010. Experiment was performe More To study the effect of sowing date, plant density and different levels of nitrogen on yield and the among of essence in spring safflower an experiment was done in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2010. Experiment was performed as factorial split plot based on RCBD with four replications. Treatments were selected as two sowing date (10th of May and 10th of June as delayed planting), three different levels of nitrogen (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha based on used urea) and two plant density (400 and 800 thousand of plant/ha). The treatment sowed in 10th of May with 800 thousand plant/ha and 92 kg/ha nitrogen has the maximum essence by 267.431 g/m2. The Minimum essence yield was found in treatment sowed in 10th June, 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 800 thousand plant/ha by 163.54 g/m2. Maximum yield was related to trait with 10th May, 138 kg/ha nitrogen and 800 thousand plant/ha by 3101 kg/ha. Results showed that sowing date of 10th of May has better yield in Arak region in respect with delayed planting and using nitrogen can cause to increase essence.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - Evaluation of bio- chemical fertilizers on agronomical traits and oil percentage in sunflower
Noor ali Sajedi Hmid Madani Mohamad Mirzakhani In order to assessment of the effects of dual inoculation of bio-and chemical fertilizers on agronomical traits and oil percentage in sunflower, a field experimentl was carried out as factorial based on complete randomized block desi More In order to assessment of the effects of dual inoculation of bio-and chemical fertilizers on agronomical traits and oil percentage in sunflower, a field experimentl was carried out as factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replicates in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, Iran in 2011. Experimental factors were Nitroxin in two levels of with and without seed inoculation, Barvar 2 in two levels of with and without seed inoculation N and P fertilizers in four levels of control(without application of fertilizer), 150 kg ha-1 N +75 kg ha-1 P, 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P, 50 kg ha-1 N +25 kg ha-1 P. Results showed that application of 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P increased grain yield and oil percentage by 11 and 2.8% as compared with control respectively. Seed inoculation with biofertilizers increased grain yield by 18% as compared with control. Maximum of oil percentage equal 46.38% was obtained from interaction effects 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P and seed inoculation with Nitroxin. the highest grain yield equal 4599.71 kg ha-1 was obtained from 150 kg ha-1 N +75 kg ha-1 P along with biofertilizers, that with treatment of 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P and seed inoculation of Nitroxin with grain yield equal 4371.10 kg ha-1 was not significant. In general seems that application of 100 kg ha-1 N +50 kg ha-1 P along with Nitroxin and Barvar 2 can obtain acceptable yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - Biomass allocation on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) shoot at interference with three sunflower cultivars; Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar
B. Mirshekari In order to determination of effect of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars on biomass allocation of redroot pigweed, a two years experiment was performed factorially based on additive design with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun More In order to determination of effect of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars on biomass allocation of redroot pigweed, a two years experiment was performed factorially based on additive design with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower; 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) in Tabriz. For combined analysis of data and means comparison MSTAT-C and Duncan's test were employed. Results revealed that in Allstar treatments, number of weed side branches in densities of 25 and 41.7 plants/m2 increased, significantly, compared with Hysun. In Allstar, redroot pigweed density was more effective than interference time with a view to effect on weed total biomass. Redroot pigweed leaf to total dry matter ratio in full season interference of 41.7 weeds/m2 were 15%, 17.5% and 20.8% in three sunflower cultivars, respectively. With each week earlier emergence of weed, stem biomass of weed increased 6 g/m2, in Allstar. Florescence to total biomass ratio increased, significantly, with delaying in interference time of redroot pigweed, which could be considered in the weed controlling of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - The effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on the yield and component of spring safflower
H. Tahmasebizade N. Khodabande H. Madani I. Farahani The present study was performed to find the effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring safflower on Isfahan variety. It was done in the research field of Arak Islamic Azad U More The present study was performed to find the effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring safflower on Isfahan variety. It was done in the research field of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2008-2009. The experiment was performed in factorial split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications and 48 plot. Treatment were selected as two planting dates (10th of May and 10th of July) and different level of N (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant densities (400000 and 800000 plant/ha) hence 800000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting. The result showed that the highest yield was related to 10th of May planting date with 92 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 3052 kg/ha. The lowest yield was related to 10th of July planting date with 92 kg/ha N fertilizer and 400000 plant density per hectare. The delayed planting has very much influence in decreasing yield of safflower. So, planting in 10th of May has direct effect on safflower yield rather than planting in 10 July. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Effect of Various Planting Substrates on Morphological and Chlorophyll Traits of Narcissus Plant
Mehrdad Babarabie Hossein Zarei Maryam Dabbagh Atoosa Danyaei Sima Badeli -
Open Access Article
647 - Influence of Arsenic (III), Cadmium (II), Chromium (VI), Mercury (II), and Lead (II) Ions on Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer (HCC1806) Cell Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability
Tsdale F. Mehari Checo J. Rorie Sherette S. Godfrey Radiah C. Minor Sayo O. Fakayode -
Open Access Article
648 - Investigating the Mediating Role of Dividend Policy on the Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Free Cash Flow
Vahid Bekhradi Nasabin the theoretical literature based on normal theory, dividend policy as a mediator is the intermediary between corporate governance and free cash flow. This requires empirical testing for users to confirm the mediating role of dividend policy. Accordingly, the purpose Morein the theoretical literature based on normal theory, dividend policy as a mediator is the intermediary between corporate governance and free cash flow. This requires empirical testing for users to confirm the mediating role of dividend policy. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to test the Sobel test to examine the mediating role of dividend policy on the relationship between corporate governance and free cash flow. The statistical population of this study includes all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The timeframe for doing the research is from 2011 to 2018. The sample size is 94 companies based on the systematic elimination method. The research method is based on hybrid data and multivariate least squares regression model using Sobel test. Evidence suggests that the mediating role of dividend policy has a significant effect on the relationship between corporate governance and free cash flow, meaning that because of the importance of dividend policy and corporate governance mechanisms with free cash flow, intermediary role The total dividend policy has a minor effect on free cash flow because not all interpretations are absorbed by corporate governance mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - Study of the Knowledge and Content Flows of Articles in the Journal of Advances in Finance and Investment
kazem Dehnad Abtin Boostani Hamid GhandiPurpose: The aim of this research was to examine the scholarly and content trends of articles published in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment," as one of the scientific publications in the field of finance and investment in Iran, from its inception until th MorePurpose: The aim of this research was to examine the scholarly and content trends of articles published in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment," as one of the scientific publications in the field of finance and investment in Iran, from its inception until the end of 1401. Through identifying the characteristics of the information recorded in the articles, this study assists journal managers in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the journal.Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative content analysis method and falls under the domain of scientometrics. The statistical population of the research included all articles published in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment," and they were all selected as the sample. The data were collected using bibliographic citation analysis and were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel.Findings: The results of the research indicated that during the 3-year period under investigation, there were 60 published article titles with the participation of 170 authors. Among these authors, 66% held specialized doctoral degrees, and 18% were doctoral students, placing them at the top of the list of authors in this journal. Furthermore, the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, held the foremost position with 9 published articles, while the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran South, Damavand, and Masjed Soleiman each held the second position with 8 published articles. In terms of the thematic focus of the articles, 28% of the works were related to investment and markets, followed by financial markets and institutions with 27%. Additionally, out of a total of 2,308 cited sources in the articles, 73% were in English, and 27% were in Persian.Originality/Value: This research possesses both originality and scientific value, as it provided reliable results about the articles in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment" using a quantitative content analysis approach. The information obtained from this study helps journal managers improve the scholarly and content trends of the journal and identify its strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, through the examination of author participation in terms of specialization and the ranking of universities and educational institutions, this research has substantiated its scientific and practical value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - The Effects of Hydroalcohlic Walnut Extract of Juglans regia Male Flower on Blood Sugar Level and Liver Enzymes Activity in Intact and Diabetic Adult Male Rat
سید ابراهیم حسینی کاظم کریم زادهDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flo MoreDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flowers on some walnut diabetes on diabetic male rats by measuring the amount of blood sugar and liver enzymes. The study on 80 male rats with 200 to 225 grams weight, which accidentally in three groups were performed. The first group: Control, Second: Diabetic 32 and next Group: Non-diabetic 32 over each of the groups to four are divided into eight categories: (A) The control group received normal saline, (B) treated with experimental group received the extract 2g/kg,) C) Received the extract 4g/kg, (D) Extract the downloaded 6g/kg. Eight rats were used for determination of lethal doses of LD50. For diabetes as IP 60mg/kg of streptozotocin were used. Rat daily for 15 days as a single dose extracts were treated at the end of the fifteenth day from the ventricular blood sampling were performed.Results showed a significant reduction blood sugar and ASAT,ALP in diabetics than non-diabetic group receiving thehydroalcoholic extractof male flowers walnut. However this effect is not dependent dose. In this study hydroalcoholic extract useful effect of male flowers Walnut liver damage due to inhibition and reduced blood sugar and liver enzymes levels, non-dose dependent, was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - The Apoptotic Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cytoplasmic Extract on MCF-7 Cell Line
Ahmadreza Gholamian Mohammad Heidarpour Hadi MohebAlianAlthough many studies have been conducted on the anticancer effects of plant extracts, few studies have been done on the anticancer effects of fungal extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytoplasmic extract MoreAlthough many studies have been conducted on the anticancer effects of plant extracts, few studies have been done on the anticancer effects of fungal extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytoplasmic extract on MCF-7 cell line. In this experimental laboratory study, MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with 500, 1000, and 2000 µg/mL of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and cellular apoptosis was determine using flow cytometry. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The results of the MTT test showed the percentage of cell viability decreased corresponding to an increase in the concentration and the treatment duration of the extract such that the lowest percentage of cell viability was observed at a concentration of 2000 and a duration of 72 hours. The flow cytometry results confirmed apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. The results of this study indicate the cytotoxic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract on breast cancer cells. The flow cytometry results confirmed that the cytotoxic effects were due to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
652 - The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Golden Wheat Flower on the Activity of Liver Enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) Following Hepatotoxicity Caused by Acetaminophen in Male Rats
Nahid Jahanbazi Shahla RoozbehaniThis study was aimed at investigating the effect of aqueous extract of golden wheat flower on acetaminophen-induced liver tissue damage in rats. Forty-two male rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of six (control group and five treatment groups) and kept hungry f MoreThis study was aimed at investigating the effect of aqueous extract of golden wheat flower on acetaminophen-induced liver tissue damage in rats. Forty-two male rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of six (control group and five treatment groups) and kept hungry for 12-16 hours the night before the experiment and all groups were given 600 mg/kg daily for five weeks. Acetaminophen was administered orally. During the experiment, based on the weight of mice, 0.2 ml of wheat flower extract with concentrations of 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, and 260 mg/kg orally and one hour after receiving a toxic dose of acetaminophen. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) were assayed and the liver tissue of mice treated was examined under a light microscope. The results of this study showed that the aqueous extract of golden wheat flower affected the activity of aspartate aminotransferase enzyme and at a dose of 260 significantly decreased (p <0.05) compared to other groups. Besides, the severity of liver damage showed a significant difference between the groups; however, the levels of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase did not show a significant difference between different groups. The research results proved the effect of the aqueous extract of golden wheat flower in preventing liver tissue damage following liver poisoning caused by taking acetaminophen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - Evaluation of two lattice Boltzmann methods for fluid flow simulation in a stirred tank
SeyedMehdi NaghaviIn the present study, commonly used weakly compressible lattice Boltzmann method and Guo incompressible lattice Boltzmann method have been used to simulate fluid flow in a stirred tank. For this purpose a 3D Parallel code has been developed in the framework of the latti MoreIn the present study, commonly used weakly compressible lattice Boltzmann method and Guo incompressible lattice Boltzmann method have been used to simulate fluid flow in a stirred tank. For this purpose a 3D Parallel code has been developed in the framework of the lattice Boltzmann method. This program has been used for simulation of flow at different geometries such as 2D channel fluid flow and 3D stirred tank fluid flow. It has been shown that in addition to elimination of compressibility error, the Guo incompressible method eliminates mass leakage error from the fluid flow simulations although its implementation is as easy as the weakly compressible Lattice Boltzmann method. By the way, comparison between results of the two methods shows that differences in local flow quantities are negligible in both methods; however, for overall flow quantities, the results of Guo incompressible method are more accurate than those of weakly compressible method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - انتقال حرارت جابجایی اجباری نانوسیال درون میکرو لوله با شار حرارتی ثابت و سرعت لغزشی
سعید جاوید آرش کریمی پوربا توجه به نیاز افزایش راندمان انتقال حرارت در سیستم های حرارتی بخصوص در سیستم هایی با ابعاد میکرو و نانو وجود ایده استفاده از نانوسیالات در تجهیزات انتقال حرارت برای بهبود عملکرد آن ها بسیار مناسب می باشد. دراین مقاله جریان و انتقال حرارت جابجایی اجباری نانوسیال آ Moreبا توجه به نیاز افزایش راندمان انتقال حرارت در سیستم های حرارتی بخصوص در سیستم هایی با ابعاد میکرو و نانو وجود ایده استفاده از نانوسیالات در تجهیزات انتقال حرارت برای بهبود عملکرد آن ها بسیار مناسب می باشد. دراین مقاله جریان و انتقال حرارت جابجایی اجباری نانوسیال آب-مس در یک میکرو لوله در رژیم لغزشی تحت شار حرارتی ثابت در مقادیر رینولدز پایین به صورت عددی موردبررسی قرار می گیرد. شرط مرزی لغزش و پرش دمایی در دیواره برای اولین بار مورداستفاده قرار گرفت و نتایج بهصورت پروفیل های سرعت و دما و محاسبه مقادیر ناسلت و افت فشار موضعی در ناحیه ورودی و توسعهیافته کانال ارائهشده است. اثر لغزش و استفاده از نانو سیالات بر انتقال حرارت در میکرو لوله بررسی گردیده است.نتایج نشان می دهد که عدد ناسلت در ناحیه توسعهیافته با افزایش لغزش در دیواره، افزایش و میزان افت فشار در این ناحیه کاهش می یابد و نتایج در این ناحیه مستقل از عدد رینولدز جریان هست. در ناحیه ورودی افزایش عدد رینولدز جریان نیز باعث افزایش این مقادیر در این ناحیه می-گردد. همچنین در این پژوهش مشاهده گردید افزودن نانو ذرات به سیال باعث افزایش انتقال حرارت جریان گردیده اما این مقدار ناچیز است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
655 - بررسی اثر سرعت خطی و دورانی ابزار بر روی جریان مواد و تولید حرارت در جوشکاری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی پلی متیل متاکریلات (PMMA)
حامد آقاجانی درازکلا در این پژوهش اثرات سرعت خطی و سرعت دورانی ابزار جوشکاری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی بر روی توزیع و تولید حرارت در سطح و درون اتصال، سیلان مواد و هندسهی محل اغتشاش پلی متیل متاکریلات (PMMA)، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بهمنظور شبیهسازی فرآیند از روش دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی از م More در این پژوهش اثرات سرعت خطی و سرعت دورانی ابزار جوشکاری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی بر روی توزیع و تولید حرارت در سطح و درون اتصال، سیلان مواد و هندسهی محل اغتشاش پلی متیل متاکریلات (PMMA)، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بهمنظور شبیهسازی فرآیند از روش دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی از مجموعه نرم افزار تجاری CFD Fluent 6.4 استفاده شد. برای بالا بردن دقت شبیهسازی، خط جوش که در مرز بین قطعهکارها قرار داشت، به عنوان یک سیال غیر نیوتنی با رفتار شبهمذاب در اطراف پین ابزار مدل سازی شد. نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی نشان داد که با افزایش نسبت سرعت چرخشی به سرعت خطی ابزار، جریان مواد در جلو ابزار اندکی بیشتر میشود و ابعاد منطقه اغتشاش بزرگتر میگردد. بیشینه درجه حرارت تولید شده و اغتشاش مواد در سمت پیشرو اتصال مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از این مدل توسط نتایج تجربی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت و تطابق قابل قبولی با آنها داشت. براساس پارامترهای جوشکاری مورد بررسی، حداکثر حرارت تولید شده 115 درجه سانتیگراد، بیشینه سرعت جابجایی مواد 24/0 متر بر ثانیه در شانه ابزار و بیشینه فشار ایجاد شده بر روی سیال 9 مگاپاسکال در محل اتصال پیش بینی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
656 - Thermodynamic analysis of two-shaft radial gas turbine data using artificial neural network method
Hamidreza Mektaazadeh بابک مهماندوست Mojtaba Haratian -
Open Access Article
657 - Analysis of airflow on an airfoil using electro-hydrodynamic actuators
Mohammad Bigdeli Alireza Ansari Gholamreza Tathiri Vahid Monfared -
Open Access Article
658 - تاثیر هندسه زبری دیواره نانوکانال در رفتار جریان پوازیه نانوسیال آب-مس
محمد میثم امراللهی پورشیرازی داود طغرایی احمدرضا عظیمیانرفتار جریان داخل نانوکانال­ها با توجه به گسترده شدن کاربردهای آنها در سیستم­های نوین از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق شرط عدم لغزش روی دیواره نانوکانال، شرط قابل قبولی نیست زیرا لغزش در این ابعاد به پارامترهای متفاوتی از جمله Moreرفتار جریان داخل نانوکانال­ها با توجه به گسترده شدن کاربردهای آنها در سیستم­های نوین از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق شرط عدم لغزش روی دیواره نانوکانال، شرط قابل قبولی نیست زیرا لغزش در این ابعاد به پارامترهای متفاوتی از جمله زبری سطح دارد. در این تحقیق با ثابت نگه داشتن مساحت جانبی زبری ، اثر تغییر شکل آن بر روی رفتار جریان سیال بررسی شده است. مدلسازی به کمک نرم­افزار متن باز لمس با روش شبیه­سازی دینامیک مولکولی تعادلی انجام شده است. برخلاف تحقیقات گذشته، از نانوسیال موجود در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مانند آب-مس استفاده شده است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان از بیشترین تاثیر گذاری زبری مستطیلی و کمترین تاثیر گذاری زبری مثلثی بر رفتار جریان دارد و در نتیجه لغزش در نانوکانال با زبری مثلثی با شدت بیشتری رخ می­دهد. وجود زبری روی سطح باعث افزایش تعداد نوسانات در لایه های سیال می­شود ولی دامنه نوسان در نزدیکی دیواره صاف نسبت به زبر افزایش یافته است. حضور نانوذرات نیز باعث افزایش این اثرگذاری بر خواص جریان می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
659 - بررسی تجربی و عددی ضخامت قطعه بر میزان جمع شدگی و عدم گردی قطعات استوانه ای در فرآیند تزریق پلاستیک
ناتان جعفریان جم پیام سرائیان آیت اله عرب امین ابادیفرآیند تزریق پلاستیک، یکی از مهم­ترین روش­های شکل­دهی در صنعت تولید پلاستیک­ها می­باشد. جمع­شدگی و عدم­گردی پدیده­هایی هستند که کیفیت نهایی محصول را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهند. در این تحقیق تأثیر ضخامت قطعه استوانه­ای از جنس پلی­پ Moreفرآیند تزریق پلاستیک، یکی از مهم­ترین روش­های شکل­دهی در صنعت تولید پلاستیک­ها می­باشد. جمع­شدگی و عدم­گردی پدیده­هایی هستند که کیفیت نهایی محصول را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهند. در این تحقیق تأثیر ضخامت قطعه استوانه­ای از جنس پلی­پروپیلن بر میزان جمع­شدگی و عدم­گردی بررسی شده­است. بنابراین با استفاده از نرم­افزار MOLDFLOW، فرآیند تزریق پلاستیک برای جمعشدگی و عدم­گردی، شبیه­سازی و تحلیل می­شود. سپس یک قالب تزریق پلاستیک پنج­حفره­ای از قطعات استوانه­ای توخالی با پنج ضخامت مختلف ساخته شده و با استفاده از یک دستگاه تزریق پلاستیک، حداقل 5 نمونه از قطعات تولید می­شود. در ادامه ابعاد نمونه­های تولید شده توسط دستگاه اندازه­برداری سه­بعدی نوری اندازه­گیری شده و میانگین جمع­شدگی ابعادی هر نمونه به­دست می­آید. با انجام این تحقیق نتیجه می­گیریم که با افزایش ضخامت قطعه، میزان جمع­شدگی و عدم­گردی افزایش می­یابد و دلیل آن، آهسته­تر سرد شدن پلیمر مذاب با افزایش ضخامت قطعه و داشتن زمان بیشتر برای تشکیل بلور است. بلورینگی بیشتر ماده موجب جمع­شدگی و عدم­گردی زیادتری می­شود. در پایان نتایج شبیه­سازی با نتایج تجربی مقایسه می­شوند و مشاهده می­شود که که نتایج تجربی و نتایج شبیهسازی تطابق خوبی با هم دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
660 - استخراج معادله ساختاری قطعهکار در نورد گرم ورق
سحر سلیمی سمیرا سلیمی امیرحسین ادیبی سدهکنترل ابعادی قطعه کار در صنایع فولاد اهمیت ویژهای دارد. چالش اصلی در کنترل ضخامت ورق تغییرات در مقاومت ماده به خاطر تغییرات در ترکیب شیمیایی مادهی قطعه کار،کاهش ضخامت و نرخ کرنش اعمال شده به قطعه کار است. در این مقاله بر مبنای پارامترهای اصلی موثر در نیروی نورد، راه ح Moreکنترل ابعادی قطعه کار در صنایع فولاد اهمیت ویژهای دارد. چالش اصلی در کنترل ضخامت ورق تغییرات در مقاومت ماده به خاطر تغییرات در ترکیب شیمیایی مادهی قطعه کار،کاهش ضخامت و نرخ کرنش اعمال شده به قطعه کار است. در این مقاله بر مبنای پارامترهای اصلی موثر در نیروی نورد، راه حلی برای پیش بینی هرچه دقیقتر تنش جاری در یک واحد نورد نهایی گرم شده است. مقادیر پیش بینی شده توسط مدل با مقادیر تجربی مقایسه شدهاند که تطابق بسیار خوبی را نشان میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
661 - Study of genetic variation in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in terms of some morphological and agronomic traits
Ali Khomari Saeed Omrani Ali Omrani Khodadad MostafaviIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, MoreIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, seedling time, plant height and flowering time were measured and recorded. Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis confirmed the diversity of all studied traits among all genotypes studied. The simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that the weight of the boll and the number of bolls per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant yield with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.61 respectively at 1% probability level. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, the weight of the boll weight and the number of bolls per plant were 75.60% of the variation in plant yield. The results of causal analysis indicated that the most direct and positive effects were related to the weight of the boll weight (1.104). The number of boll/bush had the most indirect effect (0.916) on plant yield through boll weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
662 - Comparison agronomical characteristics, yield and grain quality of rice mutant's tolerance to salinity
Allahyar Fallah Liela Bagheri Alireza Nabipour Ebrahim MOGHISEHIn order to evaluation of agronomical traits, grain yield and grain quality of rice mutants that were tolerant to salinity, one experiment was done in salinity condition the Feridonkenar, as a complete randomly block deign with three replicates in 2017. Ten selected lin MoreIn order to evaluation of agronomical traits, grain yield and grain quality of rice mutants that were tolerant to salinity, one experiment was done in salinity condition the Feridonkenar, as a complete randomly block deign with three replicates in 2017. Ten selected lines from 7th mutant's generation (M7) with standard salt tolerance variety (FL478) and sensitive variety (Taqqing), and three parents ( Tharom Mahali, Hasani and Anbarboo), was used. The recorded traits was: 50% days to flowering, plant height, yield components and grain yield , milling recovery, full grain percent, grain elongation ratio, amylose content and gelatinization temperature. The results showed that deference between genotypes was mostly significant for all agronomic traits and grain quality. The plant height redused in mutants in compared with parents. All most of mutants were earlier maturity than parents. The panicle number per hill was different between 11-14 panicles per hill. The highest thousand kernel weight was devoted to line 1117, and the lowest it was belong to line 221 (23.7gr). The best milling recovery was 70 percent and four mutants had grain elongation ratio more than two in which it was super than parents and checks. The range of grain yield of mutants was different between 2500-7000 kg/ha. The highest grain yield was related to mutant 3218 (7091.5 kg/ha) and the lowest was devoted to mutant 126 (2565.8 kg/ha). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
663 - Assessment of relationship between grain yield and some related traits in oilseed sunflower genotypes
Ali Saremi-Rad Seyede Maryam Seyed Hassan Pour Khodadad Mostafavi Hosein Sadeghi GiveThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysi MoreThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysis of variance, traits were observed among genotypes at a probability level of 1% for the traits of 100 seeds and at 5% probability for the traits of diameter and grain yield of diversity. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of path analysis showed that the highest direct effect on seed yield was observed on seed width and plant height. Using factor analysis by principal component analysis, four factors justify 82.5% of the data variation. The first factor justified 34.2% of the total variance of the data, that named seed yield, the second factor justifying 21.9% of the variation factor that named length factor ,the third factor, justifying 14.5% of the data changes as the factor of 100-grain weight and the fourth factor justified 11.7% of the total data variance, was named dimeter factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
664 - Genetic variation study for agro-morphological traits in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Ali Saremi-Rad Mohammad hadi Taleb Saeid Omrani Khodadad MostafaviGenotype safflower is scattered throughout the world from India and China to Africa and Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plant yield, yield components and morphological traits, as well as accurate recognition of traits affecting th MoreGenotype safflower is scattered throughout the world from India and China to Africa and Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plant yield, yield components and morphological traits, as well as accurate recognition of traits affecting the yield on 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Among the studied genotypes, there was a significant difference in all studied traits such as plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, flowering time, plant height and flowering time until there was an examination that indicated a high diversity in the germplasm studied. Among the yield components, the most heritability was attributed to 1000 seed weight and number of branches, and the lowest heritability was attributed to plant yield, which indicates that indirect modification of yield would be more beneficial. Plant height and number of branches can be used as an index of selection in breeding programs. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits categorized genotypes into five clusters. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that by improving the traits of boll weights and number of bolls per plant, it is possible to achieve the desired grain yield in safflower genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - Effect of water salinity on growth, quantitative and biochemical characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Ahvaz region
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Elham LotfinagshIn order to evaluate the effect of water salinity on growth, quantitative and biochemical characteristics of safflower cultivars, a pot experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of water salinity on growth, quantitative and biochemical characteristics of safflower cultivars, a pot experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included irrigation water salinity in in four levels of 0.4 (normal water as control condition), 4, 8, and 12 dS/m and different cultivars of safflower (Isfahan, Goldasht and Soffeh). The results showed that the difference among cultivars for root dry matter, shoot dry matter, chlorophyll a, b and total, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index was statistically significant. Also, with the increasing of salinity level, grain yield and other traits significantly decreased. The interaction between cultivar and salinity level was significant for all traits except for chlorophyll b. With increasing salinity levels, the yield of all three cultivars decreased, significantly. The maximum grain yield (31.4 g/pot) was obtained from Isfahan cultivar in 0.4 dS/m and the minimum value was 10 g/pot at 12 dS/m salinity in Soffeh cultivar. In addition, the maximum grain yield was belonged to Isfahan and Goldasht cultivars under increasing salinity stress, respectively. In general, the results showed that under the application of water salinity, Isfahan and Goldasht cultivars were better than other cultivars regarding yield and other traits and recommended to be cultivated by farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - Effects of Potassium Nitrate on Germination Characteristics and Early Growth of Sunflower under Salinity and Drought Stresses
Seyed Mohsen SeyediIn order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Sa MoreIn order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Salinity experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and salinity and three replications. Priming levels included control and seed treatment by potassium nitrate and salinity levels included 0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar. Also, drought experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and drought levels in three replications. Drought experiment treatment included control (non-priming) and priming by potassium nitrate and drought stress treatment were five levels (0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar). The results of two experiments showed that increasing in salinity and drought stress, decreased germination components including germination, germination rate and dry weight of seedlings. However, this reduction was lower for seeds that were treated by potassium nitrate. In terms of the studied traits, at all of the levels of salinity and drought treatment seeds were better than control seeds. In general, it can be concluded that the priming of sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate improved the germination components under salinity and drought stress and can increase sunflower plant resistant against these stresses in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
667 - Satellite television sets, and the discourses of identity Iranian audiences
emran kiani hamdalah akvani According to Functionalist theories media are part of the external environment. Which plays a role in the transformation of the identity, In other words, Shaping identity and destruction of their identity. The emergence of social change and in the value of t More According to Functionalist theories media are part of the external environment. Which plays a role in the transformation of the identity, In other words, Shaping identity and destruction of their identity. The emergence of social change and in the value of things is as a result of the work of media functionality. Media, link public and private spheres of different people to each other and transport means to the audience and shaping the identity. The current research is the answer to the main,a a satellite TV set which categories of meaning, ideas and values dominate and naturalized and Shaping the identity. This study sought to prove the hypothesis that audience According to Access to different discourses and different social and cultural backgrounds show different responses . Or accept or resist the dominant readings or talks with given identity. How to read or decode the audience of the TV series Life tulip in a Persian-language satellite channels broadcast is samples analyzed in this study. The theoretical framework is based on semantic system approach and the intertwining of three cents functionalist theory, cultural studies and developed the theory of hegemony. Relying on the meaning-making of identity by the media and Iranian audience identification as well as how and why they resistance is analyzed satellite readings TV series. The study also is analyzed through focus group discussions and readings of audience identification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - Investigation of the Drought stress and Silver nano-particles sprays on morphological and physiological traits on sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L)
Sayed Hamed Tabatabei Zavareh meysam oveysi Mohammad NasriThis study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L) and split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three levels of w MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L) and split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three levels of water stress agent the main factor (I0: 60 mm evaporation from pan class a (normal irrigation), I1: 90 mm evaporation from pan class a and I2: 120 mm evaporation from pan class a) and foliar application of silver nanoparticles four levels as subplots (NS0: sprayed with water, NS1: 50 mg nano-silver, NS2: 90 ppm silver nano, NS3: 130 mg nano-silver) and three replications. respectively. The results showed that the effects of irrigation and silver nanoparticles and their interactions at the level of one and five percent of the studied traits had significant impact. The highest yield (4038.49 kg.ha), oil yield (2134.52 kg.ha) with normal irrigation treatment, 60 mm × 130 milligrams per liter of nano-silver evaporation and biological yield (11248.8 kg.ha) with normal irrigation treatment, 60 mm × 90 mm evaporation of silver nano-grams per liter respectively. The highest chlorophyll a and normal irrigation treatment of 50 mg per liter of nanosilver with (25.05 mg) was given. Stress increases the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The highest MDA (MDA) with (12.71 nmol g) fresh from severe stress and weight was sprayed with purified water. The lowest yield (3091.6 kg.ha) and biological yield (8787.2kg.ha) and oil yield (1326.99kg.ha) related to severe stress, 120mm × water evaporation was observed. The lowest level of MDA of normal irrigation, 60mm evaporation with (6.19nmolg.fw) and chlorophyll a to severe stress, 120mm evaporation (17.72 mg of fresh leaf weight) less the amount of support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
669 - The effect of irrigation regimes and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower.
Zohreh HaghighiIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season. Irrigation MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season. Irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots and nitrogen treatments were allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation regimes were consisted of: 1) moderate irrigation 2) water stress at V8 growth stage and 3) water stress at heading stage. The nitrogen treatments were consisted of: N1: 25% at sowing, 50% at V8, 25% at heading; N2: 50% at V8, 50% at heading; N3:50% sowing, 50% heading; the results showed that water stress at heading significantly decreased the head diameter and100-grains weight and non-significantly decreased the grains per head which was resulted to 15% lower grain yield comparing to the moderate irrigation. Under moderate irrigation, N3 treatment non-significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N2 treatment by 9 and 16% respectively. Under water stress at V8, N3 treatment significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N1 treatment by 12 and 29%, respectively. This result showed that choosing a suitable pattern of nitrogen top-dressing for attaining the maximum grain yield is more important when the plants are not suffering water stress or stress is occurred at early vegetative stage. But when the stress is occurred at early vegetative stage, then the pattern of nitrogen topdressing is not such important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
670 - Effect of drought stress and selenium foliar application on morphological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamustinctorius .L)
Behnam Khademi Hossein Ali Shaibani Arash BorzouIn order to study the effect of selenium foliar application on morphological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamustinctorius .L) under drought stress an experiment in split plot based on complete block design with three replications in 2014 in Varam MoreIn order to study the effect of selenium foliar application on morphological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamustinctorius .L) under drought stress an experiment in split plot based on complete block design with three replications in 2014 in Varamin region. The first factor drought stress in four irrigation regimes were 50 (Control), 80, and 110 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and the second factor consisted of four levels of selenium (Control, 100, 200 and 300 mg.lit) respectively. Results showed a significant effect of drought stress and selenium on on plant height, height offer branching of the soil, head diameter, grain yield, biological yield, 1000-grain weight, number of seeds per head, number of heads and number of branches, but the effect of treatments on stem diameteris not significant. Interactions between drought stress and selenium was significant and the best results in normal irrigation (control)and 300 mg treatment was obtained Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
671 - Effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soils (Cadmium) by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Ahmad Borbor hossein beigi Mohammadreza Momayezi Majid Aga Mohsseni FashamiTo evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design expe MoreTo evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment consisted of first factor is soil contamination with cadmium at four levels: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil salinity and the second factor of four levels of NaCl: 0, 2, 4 and 6 dS m. The highest cadmium leaves and stems of treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and 6 dS m) with an average of 6.33 mg per kg of dry matter and the lowest related to treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control) with 13.13 mg per kg and the highest cadmium absorption coefficient in saline (6 dS m + 30 mg of cadmium per kg soil) with 0.199 and with the treatment (control + 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil 0.095), the highest and lowest percentage of protein and 90 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil control respectively 32 and 23 percent, respectively. The highest percentage of protein in the treatment 6 (dS m) with an average of 38 percent was achieved. The protein content of the control (salinity), respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll a to control the salinity of 6 dS m with an average of 1.096 and 0.767 mg per gram of fresh weight, respectively. The highest and lowest proline content in 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control with an average of 621 and 523 micromoles per fresh weight, respectively .Hieghest and lowest relative water content in irrigation and 90 mg of cadmium per kg soil respectively by 76 and 60 percent, respectively. Most RWC control (salinity) with an average of 74 percent was achieved. Lowest levels in treatments 6 (dS m). The result showed that salinity and cadmium on relative water content, proline content, the content of cadmium in leaves and stems, the absorption coefficient of Cd, protein, chlorophyll a significant effect, but the effect EC on oil percent was not significant. Interaction between cadmium and salinity on cadmium content in leaves and stems, cadmium absorption coefficient, chlorophyll A was significant. Salinity increased plant availability and cadmium so that the cadmium content in wheat increased significantly with increasing salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
672 - A200 super absorbent polymer effect on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oil sunflower under water deficit conditions in field
Mehri Hashemi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Farshad QushchyTo evaluate the effect of superabsorbent and without application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower oil and water deficit stress conditions, the pilot in 1391, Azad University of Varamin Agricultural Research Station (Pishva) was carried out. T MoreTo evaluate the effect of superabsorbent and without application of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower oil and water deficit stress conditions, the pilot in 1391, Azad University of Varamin Agricultural Research Station (Pishva) was carried out. This study was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Where irrigation as main factors (lack of tension, the tension in the fourth and fifth pair of leaves, water stress at flowering, drought in the fourth and fifth pairs of leaves and flowering) and the concentration of the polymer, super absorbent (zero, 15 and 30 kg per ha) as sub plots were purpose. Traits such as seed yield, oil content, protein content, chlorophyll and relative water content were studied. The results showed that water deficit, particularly at the flowering stage reduced the grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, oil content and the increased use of super absorbent of all the characters. Stress protein was also increased. The results obtained in this experiment can be concluded that the most critical stage in the flowering stage and two-stage stress (vegetative and reproductive) is very sensitive to drought stress and Application of 30 kg ha super absorbent to lessen the impact of drought was identified as the best treatments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
673 - The effect of irrigation regimes and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower
Zohreh HaghighiIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season. Irrig MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and pattern of nitrogen topdressing on yield and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out in complete block design with split-plot arrangement in three replications during 2012 growing season. Irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots and nitrogen treatments were allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation regimes were consisted of: 1) moderate irrigation 2) water stress at V8 growth stage and 3) water stress at heading stage. The nitrogen treatments were consisted of: N1: 25% at sowing, 50% at V8, 25% at heading; N2: 50% at V8, 50% at heading; N3:50% sowing, 50% heading; the results showed that water stress at heading significantly decreased the head diameter and100-grains weight and non-significantly decreased the grains per head which was resulted to 15% lower grain yield comparing to the moderate irrigation. Under moderate irrigation, N3 treatment non-significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N2 treatment by 9 and 16% respectively. Under water stress at V8, N3 treatment significantly increased the head diameter and biomass comparing to the N1 treatment by 12 and 29%, respectively. This result showed that choosing a suitable pattern of nitrogen top-dressing for attaining the maximum grain yield is more important when the plants are not suffering water stress or stress is occurred at early vegetative stage. But when the stress is occurred at early vegetative stage, then the pattern of nitrogen topdressing is not such important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - Effects of foliar application of methanol on agronomic and morphophysiological traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) under drought stress
Neda Haghinezhad meysam oveysi Mohammad NasriTo study the effects of spray Methanol on farming and morphological characteristics under water deficit stress on oil sun flower was conducted on RCBD with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University Varamin branch, in 2012. Experimental factors we MoreTo study the effects of spray Methanol on farming and morphological characteristics under water deficit stress on oil sun flower was conducted on RCBD with three replications at research station of Islamic Azad University Varamin branch, in 2012. Experimental factors were water deficit stress as main plots (normal irrigation, drought stress in flowering phase and drought stress in filling of grain phase) and methanol ( lack of methanol, 10% methanol, 20% methanol and 30% methanol) as sub plots. Times of spray methanol were when plant had 8 leafs, 15 days after and 15 days after. Results showed that drought stress decreased1000 kernel weight, Head diameter, grain yield, biological yield but it increased EC. Also spray methanol increased grain yield, biological yield, 1000 kernel weight, Head diameter but it decreased EC. Analysis of variance showed that interaction drought stress and spray methanol significantly affected on investigated traits.Maximum grain yield was obtained from normal irrigation and spray methanol that was 3205/667 and minimum grain yield was obtained from drought stress in filling of grain phase and lack of methanol that was 1648/371.In general, sun flower is sensitive in filling of grain phase and methanol decrease drought stress effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
675 - Effects of salinity and ascorbic acid on growth properties of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L)
Amin Fathi Saeedeh Foladvand Farzaneh Asgari Morvarid Imani Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2Chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants known to Human And due to its increasing use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, hygiene, perfumery and flavoring preparation of food is very important. Soil salinity is one of the main barriers and constraints in the p MoreChamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants known to Human And due to its increasing use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, hygiene, perfumery and flavoring preparation of food is very important. Soil salinity is one of the main barriers and constraints in the production of agricultural, such as medicinal plants is optimal. Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant compounds that can reduce the effects of salinity on plants. In order to, test in the form of split plot in a randomized complete block design, in the city of Valley City in 1390 with three replications. Test parameters include salinity of Irrigation water, with 3 levels (0, 50 and 100 mM) and ascorbic acid with 3 levels (0, 5 and 10 mM). The results showed that increasing salinity decreased height, biomass, dried flowers and seed yield, but the yield was significantly increased intake of ascorbic acid. Interaction of ascorbic acid and salt on the dried flowers was significant. The most of dried flowers Yield in salinity of 0 mM and 10 mM ascorbic acid, the amount of 1,123 kg per hectare. The results of this study indicate the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid to reduce the harmful effects of salinity on the quantitative Yield of German chamomile herb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - Effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on Protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Arezou Omidi Mohammad Mirzakhani Mohammad Reza ArdekaniIn order to study the effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), the experimental was conducted as factorial based of randomized complete block design in three replicati MoreIn order to study the effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), the experimental was conducted as factorial based of randomized complete block design in three replications during growing season of 2011-2012 in research farm of college of Arak Islamic Azad University.Treatments including of inoculated with Azotobacter in three levels (Non-inoculated, inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with Azotobacter-12) and Glomus fungi treatment in four levels (Non-inoculated, inoculation with Glomus intraradices, inoculation with Glomus mosseae and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae).The traits such as branching height, biological yield of sub-sub boll, harvest index of sub-boll, grain yield of sub-boll, saturation water deficit and grain protein percentage were measured. Based on the results of the variance analysis table, all characters except grain yield of sub-boll were significant as affected by main effect of Azotobacter and Glomus fungi of safflower. Also interaction effect of Azotobacter and Glomus fungi were significant on traits branching height, biological yield of sub-sub boll, grain yield of sub boll, saturation water deficit and grain protein percentage of safflower. Based on the mean comparison table, of the highest biological yield of sub-sub boll (30.50 gr.plant) related to treatment A2M3(inoculation with Azotobacter-12 and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae)that showed significant differences, while the same treatment showed higher rates in grain protein content of safflower (19.44%). Also, highest grain yield of sub boll equal to (44.33 gr.plant) was obtained from treatment A1M3 (inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae) and lowest equal to (33.28 gr.plant) was obtained from treatment A0M0 (non-inoculated with Azotobacter and Glomus fungi). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
677 - Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin c) and irrigation withholding in different growth stages on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and some biochemical's changes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Malahat Davoodi Mackinejad Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Nabi-Alah NematiIn order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomiz MoreIn order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plots arrangement in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at 8-leaf stage, irrigation withholding at grain filling stage and irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages) and three different concentration of Ascorbic Acid foliar application (0, 100 and 200 ppm) was allocated to subplots. The results showed that irrigation withholding conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil and protein yield and total chlorophyll content but by contrast increased proline content and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves. Foliar application of ascorbic acid as antioxidant enzyme could increased quantitative and qualitative yield and chlorophyll content and decreased proline and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves by reduction of water deficit stress. Foliar application of Ascorbic Acid with 200 ppm under irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages increased 38/46% yield seed compared with treatment that foliar application without Ascorbic Acid. In addition, Ascorbic Acid foliar application reduced the harmful effects of water deficit stress as antioxidant and improved growth conditions for water deficit stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - Estimate Phytoremediation of Forage Safflower in soil polluter to Cadmium Heavy Metal under foliar application Growth Aactuator Dalgin.
manouchehr Azimi pourang Kasraei arash BorzouThis study in order to investigate the purification of forage safflower plant under heavy cadmium metal contamination conditions by foliar application using of dalgin growth stimulant in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Faculty of Agriculture MoreThis study in order to investigate the purification of forage safflower plant under heavy cadmium metal contamination conditions by foliar application using of dalgin growth stimulant in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Faculty of Agriculture of Islamic Azad University, Varamin - Pishva Branch in 2019 was conducted. The applied factors in this study were included cadmium at zero (control), 50 and 100 mg/kg soil levels and dalgin foliar application at zero (control) levels was 1 and 2 per thousand. The results showed that cadmium was decreased shoot length (%31.28), root length (%41.35), wet and dry weight of shoot (%60.46 and %44.69), wet and dry weight of root (%26.77 and %58.11), leaf surface index (%52.05), relative leaf water content (%39.74), chlorophyll (%22.54) and catalase enzyme activity (%10.73) and was increased proline (%164.38), malondialdehyde (%88.1) and cadmium of aerial and root organs concentrations. The most effect of cadmium was obtained in the treatment of 100 mg.kg of soil. It was also observed that the using of dalgin could increase shoot length, root length, wet and dry weight of the shoot and root, leaf surface index, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll and cadmium concentration of aerial and root organs and could decrease proline and malondialdehyde. In general, the most positive effect in using of one per thousand of dalgin was obtained. From the obtained results, it can be found the positive effects of dalgin, especially in the presence of cadmium, and the reduction of the negative effects of stress in the forage safflower. Therefore, the using of one per thousand of dalgin to increase the plant refining of heavy metal cadmium stress by forage safflower is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - Effect of several complexes of the sand and field soil on the size and weight corm and flowering of saffron (Crocus sativus L) in varamin.
Sara Mohammadi Kelajan Ali Akbar KangarlouThis study was done to evaluate the effect of percent of wind sand (20,40,50,60) combined with farm soil on weight gain of the corms of Crocus sativus as well as its flowering yield in a field located at Gheshlagh village of Moin Abad of Varamin in 2010-2011. The experi MoreThis study was done to evaluate the effect of percent of wind sand (20,40,50,60) combined with farm soil on weight gain of the corms of Crocus sativus as well as its flowering yield in a field located at Gheshlagh village of Moin Abad of Varamin in 2010-2011. The experiment contained five treatments and was performed at a complete randomized block design with four replications. The corms were planted linearly in each row at the depth of 20cm and the distance of 7cm from each side. Irrigation was done in three times of 2010 October 7, 2010 November 6 and 2011 march 28 and the rows provided. Leaf pod and flowers present at each row were counted on a daily basis and the number was recorded daily. Average growth of the corms in each row shows significant difference p <%1. Results showed that treatments containing %40, %50 and %60, wind sand had a significant effect on average growth of the corms of Crocus sativus where treatment containing wind sand of 20% and farm soil of 80% had less effect. Field soil of Varamin showed the least effect on corm growth. Addition of 60% and 50% wind sand is recommended for the fields of Varamin region regarding culture of Crocus sativus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - Study of sodium nitroprusside spraying on the agronomic and physiological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in arsenic contaminated soils.
meysam oveysi mansour faragi pourang kasraeiIn order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside levels on growth and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in arsenic contaminated soils, a pot experiment was conducted in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agric MoreIn order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside levels on growth and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in arsenic contaminated soils, a pot experiment was conducted in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, in 2016-2017 in factorial experiment and in the form of design Completely randomized in 3 replications. The experimental treatments included of sodium nitroprusside spraying at three levels: (0, 50 and 100 μm) and soil contamination with arsenic at four levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of arsenic per kg of soil). The results showed that arsenic and sodium nitroprusside had a significant effect on grain yield, 1000 grain weight, catalase enzyme, malondialdehyde content, proline content and safflower arsenic content. The highest grain yield was obtained in sodium nitroprusside treatments in application of 100 μM (with an average of 1.01 g / plant), and the lowest was related to control treatment (no application) with mean of 0.83 g / plant. By increasing the concentration of arsenic, yield and yield components decreased, and the plant increased its proline content to cope with stress. Application of sodium nitroproside reduced stress in plants under arsenic toxicity. No significant differences were observed between the concentrations of sodium nitroprusside spraying. With increasing arsenic levels, the amount of arsenic content increased and sodium nitroprusside reduced the amount of arsenic in the seed. In general, use of sodium nitroprusside as a regulator in the metabolism of free oxygen radicals reduces the effects of oxidative stress caused by soil contamination with arsenic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - Studying Impact of Unified Power Flow Controller on improve transient stability by Improved Harmony Search Algorithm
Mehdi Nafar Mostafa Abbasi Mojtaba Abbasi -
Open Access Article
682 - Effect of drought stress, nitrogen resources and plant density on some agro-physiological traits of Sunflower (Haysan variety) in the north of Golestan province
serajodin moezi mohamadreza dadasi hosein ajamnorozi The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress, nitrogenresources and plant density on some agro-physiological traits of Sunflower (Haysanvariety) in the north of Golestan province. This experiment was done as split plot factorialbas More The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress, nitrogenresources and plant density on some agro-physiological traits of Sunflower (Haysanvariety) in the north of Golestan province. This experiment was done as split plot factorialbased on completely randomized design with 3 replication for two consecutive years and27 treatments in 2017 and 2017. Irrigation factor in 3 levels: S1: rainfed, S2: one plantingirrigation stage, S3: three irrigation (planting, flowering and seed filling) as main factorand nitrogen fertilizer resources in 3 levels: N1: 100% urea, N2: 50% urea and 50%nitroxin, N3: 100% nitroxin and plant density in 3 levels: D1: 50000 plants per hectare,D2: 75000 plants per hectare, D3: 100000 plants per hectare were considered as subfactor. The results showed that the highest mean of CGR was obtained in the S3N2 andN3D3 treatments with an average of 26.041 and 22.0300 g/m2, respectively. The highestplant height with values of 155.75 cm and 1252.89 cm was related to S3N2 and S3D3treatments, respectively. The highest number of seeds per inflorescence belonged to S3N2(285.68) the maximum 1000 seed weight with 29.27 g and 26.69 g were gained in S3D3and N1D1 treatments. According to findings, the highest economic yield (192.88 kg/ha )was conducted in irrigation at 3 stages, 50% urea fertilizer consumption + 50% nitroxinand 100,000 plant density per hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - Investigating the effect of planting density and variety on greenhouse production of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L .)
بردیا Bayat محمدحسین Ansari مرجان Diyanat علی Mohammadi . torkashvandThe large fluctuations of the final yield of greenhouse cucumber are of great importance in Iran due to its very large cultivated area, so that 76.47% of all greenhouses in the country are under cucumber cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of crop density an MoreThe large fluctuations of the final yield of greenhouse cucumber are of great importance in Iran due to its very large cultivated area, so that 76.47% of all greenhouses in the country are under cucumber cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of crop density and variety in the production of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus), a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications during 2016 and 2017. Based on this, single-flowered, double-flowered, medium-flowered and multi-flowered cucumber cultivars were cultivated in different planting densities of 37, 42 and 47 cm. The results of the research showed that the highest production productivity was achieved in the planting density of 42 cm between the plants and the selection of multi-flowered cultivars with a maximum yield of 270 tons per hectare, and the lowest yield was obtained in single-flowered cultivars with a planting density of 37 cm. meter and numerical value of 197 tons per hectare was obtained. Therefore, the main reason for the decrease in cucumber yield in Tehran province was the selection of low-flowering cultivars with inappropriate planting density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - Effect of agronomic traits and drought resistance indices on determination of susceptible and tolerant sunflower lines
babak maghsodi damavandi shahram lak mahdi ghafari mojtaba alavi fazel tayeb saki nezhad In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, acompletely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed OilResearch Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified More In order to determine the susceptible and tolerant lines of sunflower to drought stress, acompletely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at Karaj seed OilResearch Institute. In this study, 12 different sunflower lines have been identified for thecharacteristics related to drought tolerance and were selected two susceptible and tolerantlines. Initially, sunflower lines were cultivated in two separate experiments under normalirrigation and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was carried out through stop irrigationin step 2 to 8 leaves formation. The studied traits included agronomic characteristics anddrought stress indices of sunflower, such as Plant height, Stem diameter, Head diameter, Seedyield, Leaf Area Index, Relative Water Content, SSI and STI. The studied traits weresignificantly different in water stress, except stem diameter. After analyzing the tested factorsand analyzing the data, the results were obtained by analyzing the percentage of variation ofstudied traits, calculating stress indices (drought tolerance indices, drought sensitivity) anddendrogram drawing from Cluster analysis of cultivars was identified. According to theresults, in terms of water deficit stress, RGK26 and RGK41 produced the highest and thelowest seed yield per plant. Comparison of traits can identify BGK221 as susceptible line andRGK46 as tolerant line among 12 studied lines. Also, correlation between traits showed thatdrought tolerance index (STI) was positively correlated with almost all traits. In addition,grain yield was positively correlated with all traits except plant height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - Effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions
Abbas yazdifar Saeid Sayfzadeh Hamid Reza ZakerinThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied fact MoreThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied factors included: irrigation interval in 3 levels (I1: irrigation every 6 days, I2: irrigation every 9 days, irrigation every 12 days) as main plot and foliar application in 8 levels (M1: Zn, M2: B, M3: Mn, M4: B Zn, M5: Zn + Mn, M6: Mn + B, M7: B + Zn+ Mn, M8: Water) as sub-plots were considered. Results showed that effect of irrigation and foliar application were significant on grain yield of safflower. The highest grain yield belonged to irrigation every 6 dais with mean of 1584 kg/ha and treatments of irrigation every 9 and 12 days with means of 1438 and 1306 kg/ha had the least grain yield that it were in a common statistically group. The treatment of B + Zn+ Mn with meaد of 1579 kg/ha had the most grain yield and the least grain yield was observed in control (water spraying) with mean of 1262 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - Multivariate analysis of yield and its components in sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) under favorable irrigation and moisture stress conditions
Ali Saremi-Rad Khodadad MostafsviConsidering the important role of sunflower in human life, in order to investigate the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 12 genotypes were cultivated in two conditions under favorable irrigation conditions and moisture stress in a randomized complete bl MoreConsidering the important role of sunflower in human life, in order to investigate the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 12 genotypes were cultivated in two conditions under favorable irrigation conditions and moisture stress in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015. Plant height and 100 seed weight in optimum irrigation condition and stem diameter, grain diameter, plant height, leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlation with grain yield at 1 and 5% levels. The results of stepwise regression analysis in non-stress conditions showed that only two grain width and grain length traits were enteredinto the regression model and explained 80% of grain yield changes. However, under stress conditions, two traits of plant height and grain diameter were enteredinto the regression model and 91% of the changes explained. In factor analysis, four independent factors under normal conditions and three independent factors under stress conditions were 69.62% and 74.16% of total data changes. Considering the results obtained in terms of moisture stress, plant height and grain diameter, and under non stress conditions, traits related to seed characteristics (grain width, grain length and 100 seed weight) were the best traits for evaluating sunflower genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Effect of Foliar Application and Irrigation Stress on Yield and Yield Components of Bean Cultivars
Mohammad Ali Dodangeh Saeed sayfzadeh Amir Hossein Shirani RadIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation stress and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of two cultivars of bean, a factorial experiment with factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Researc MoreIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation stress and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of two cultivars of bean, a factorial experiment with factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch. Was done. Experimental treatments consisted of two levels of irrigation (I1: normal irrigation and I2: discontinuation of irrigation after podding stage) and four micronutrient foliar application (M1: Mn: M2: Zn, M3: Manganese + Zn foliar application, M4: Foliar spray - control) and Bean Chitai cultivar at two levels (V1: Khomein Vad. Micronutrient intake at 1 liter per 100 liters of water (1: 10 ratio). Three sampling stages during the growing season and one sampling at physiological maturity and harvest time of the bean plant were carried out to evaluate the effect of experimental treatments on some growth traits of chickpea beans. Maximum seed yield and biological yield at irrigation levels were 5514.1 and 10309.7 kg / ha of irrigation with micronutrients in most of the studied traits combined with manganese and zinc foliar application, respectively. The highest grain yield and biological yield were obtained with Mn + Zn + 1050104/10509/4504 / 450.4% of cultivars showed significant differences among Khomein cultivars. And there was no effort but in grain yield, Talash with 5154.1 kg / ha had higher seed yield than Khomein (4921.9 kg / ha) and in Ama group Were higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - Study the Efficiency of Methanol Foliar Application on Some Qualitative and Physiological Traits of Safflower under Supplemental Irrigation
Afsaneh Ghorbani Manouchehr Sayahfar Ghodratollah ShakaramiIn order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of methanol concentrations on quality, and some physiological traits of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications, MoreIn order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of methanol concentrations on quality, and some physiological traits of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications, in the 2014-2015 crop year on the farm Kamalvand located 5 km from the Khorramabad Azad University. Treatment consisted of methanol at four levels (foliar application of water, methanol with a concentration of 15, 20 and 25% by volume) and supplemental irrigation at three levels (no supplemental irrigation supplementary irrigation systems and irrigation in both stage Additional Rate and grain filling stage of boll respectively). The results showed that leaf area index, relative water content, leaf greenness index in the seed stage of supplemental irrigation and grain filling, but the highest percentage of protein obtained in the absence of supplemental irrigation. The highest leaf greenness index, protein and oil content by volume of methanol at a concentration of 20% was seen, but most LAI was observed in methanol at a concentration of 25% by volume. In conclusion, in order to achieve maximum quality and quantity of supplementary irrigation in both stage and grain filling and methanol at a concentration of 20% by volume relative to the rest of the trial a more suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Evaluation of response of lines and promising cultivars of safflower to different temperature conditions in rainfed conditions in cold regions of Kurdistan
Abdollah Shariati Hamid Reza ZakerinIn order to study the sowing date and the reaction of different cultivars to different planting dates in 2012-2012, three separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ghamloo Agricultural Research Station. The fi MoreIn order to study the sowing date and the reaction of different cultivars to different planting dates in 2012-2012, three separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ghamloo Agricultural Research Station. The first experiment was based on autumn sowing date and the cultivation of safflower cultivars was carried out on October 20, 2012. The cultivation of cultivars on December 25, 2012 was carried out as an expected cultivation in the second experiment, and the third experiment was cultured on April 14th. Six cultivars and safflower lines were cultivated in each experiment. By comparing the results of the comparison of the average effect of sowing date and cultivar on grain yield, the highest grain yield in Piddi cultivar was obtained in autumn cultivars. The results also indicate that in cultivation Fall yields more yield than other planting dates (869.7 kg ha-1). The lowest yield was obtained in Sina cultivar under the conditions of spring crop (155.5 kg ha-1). In a general conclusion and considering the dual effects of planting dates and cultivars, and considering the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that autumn cultivation of Faraman cultivars and phenomena under climatic conditions of Kurdistan region can be more favorable than other cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - Effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions
Abbas Yazdfar Saeid Sayfzadeh Hamid Reza ZakerinThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied fact MoreThe present study was done in order to investigate the effect of Zn, B and Mn on yield of safflower under different humidity conditions in spring and summer of 2015 in Qazvin. This experiment as split plot design as RCBD in 3 replications was conducted. The studied factors included: irrigation interval in 3 levels (I1: irrigation every 6 days, I2: irrigation every 9 days, irrigation every 12 days) as main plot and foliar application in 8 levels (M1: Zn, M2: B, M3: Mn, M4: B Zn, M5: Zn + Mn, M6: Mn + B, M7: B + Zn+ Mn, M8: Water) as sub-plots were considered. Results showed that effects of irrigation and foliar application were significant on grain yield of safflower. The highest grain yield belonged to irrigation every 6 days with mean of 1584 kg/ha and the treatments of irrigation every 9 and 12 days with means of 1438 and 1306 kg/ha had the least grain yield that it were in a common statistically group. The treatment of B + Zn+ Mn with mean of 1579 kg/ha had the most grain yield and the least grain yield was observed in control (water spraying) with mean of 1262 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - Application of different nitrogen (organic, chemical and integrated) nutritional systems and biofertilizer on yield components and yield of sunflower seed
Mansour Jalilvand Jahanfar Daneshian Hadi Asadi Rahmani Mohsen YousefiAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of different nitrogen and biofertilizer systems on yield and yield components of sunflower seed in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels as the mai MoreAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application of different nitrogen and biofertilizer systems on yield and yield components of sunflower seed in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen levels as the main factor in five levels including: N1: 100% nitrogen treatment (326 kg / ha urea), N2: 80% nitrogen (260 kg / ha urea), N3: 60% nitrogen (195 kg) Urea), N4: 80% N and 20% of manure (1.3 ton / ha) and N5: 60% N and 40% of manure (2.6 ton / ha) and application of azospirillum Sub-factor titles were considered at four levels: B1: non-application of azospirillum B2: inoculation with azospirillum, B3: foliar solution of azospirillum, B4: inoculation with fungal solution of azospirillum. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and azospirillum treatments had significant effect on the studied traits. So that treatment with 100% urea nitrogen source had the highest number of grains per head. Inoculation treatment with foliar application of azospirillium had the highest number of seeds per head. The results also showed that treatment with 100% urea nitrogen and 60% urea nitrogen fertilizer and 40% manure had the highest grain yield. Foliar treatments as well as seed inoculation + azospirillum had the highest grain yield, which were in the same statistical group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Basic components of media policies and the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the free flow of information
Mohammad-Ali Gholizadeh Hadi Khaniki Feruz Rad Morteza MohammadzadehNew communication technologies have realized the idea of a global village. technical innovations have created new conditions in the media sphere, contributed to the growth of the media, and changed the view of information exchange, regulation, and government policy in t MoreNew communication technologies have realized the idea of a global village. technical innovations have created new conditions in the media sphere, contributed to the growth of the media, and changed the view of information exchange, regulation, and government policy in this area. These changes have forced planners and decision makers to create an efficient and appropriate model for managing and organizing this space. The free flow of information has also challenged the power of governments and made the media policy-making process particularly important. This study seeks to answer the question: what are the basic components of the media policies of the IR-Iran in the field of press and social networks? What is the system's media policy towards the free flow of information? hence, the theoretical approach of the network community was used. To conduct this qualitative research, various data were collected and analyzed using library and documentary sources. In this regard, citing Article 110 of the Constitution, and using the environmental scanning method, the leadership statements were examined. Extracted themes were coded by thematic analysis method, which resulted in extracting the basic themes of media policies and categorizing them into comprehensive themes (Political, economic, social and moral). The findings indicate 13 main components of the media policy of the IR-Iran in the field of press and social networks. Also, due to the emphasis on the justice and the two-way flow of information, these policies are closer to the opponents of the free flow of information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - Evaluation of sink and source relationships on grain yield and its components of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. )
زينب محمدزاده اصل عليرضا عيوضيTo investigate the effects of different levels of leaf and grain removing on grain yield and its components in sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo agricultural research station of Urmia. A factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks MoreTo investigate the effects of different levels of leaf and grain removing on grain yield and its components in sunflower, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo agricultural research station of Urmia. A factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2012 growing season. The first factor consisted of four levels of defoliation including; removing 1/3 upper, removing 1/3 middle, removing 1/3 lower leaves of stem and no defoliation of control. The second factor involved grain removing with four levels; removing 1/3 of side, 1/3 of middle and 1/3 of central grains of disc flower and non grain removing as control. Results showed that non-leaf removing and removing 1/3 side grains of disc flower had the highest effect on 1000 kernel weight with 223.25g and total dry matter 2656.0g/plant. The highest amount of grain yield was 177.50g/plant in removing of 1/3 below leaves and non removing grains. In non leaf removing treatment, leaf area had significantly positive correlation with total dry matter ( r=0.99**). Also, protein grain percentage had positively significant with grain yield in non grain removing of disc flower ( r=0.96*).Regression analysis showed that traits of leaf area and disc flower diameter in leaf removing treatment and only disc flower diameter in grain removing treatment had the greatest effects on grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - Effect of plant density and potassium consumption on the quantitative and qualitative yield in Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L. ) var. Hayson
هدي جماليIn order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran provi MoreIn order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran province ( Sari – Dashte Naz ) in crop year of 2009. In this experiment, four density levels 55, 63, 83, 111 thousand plants per hectare ) were considered as the main factor and three levels of potassium as ( 0, 50, 100kg per hectare ) as the sub factor. Analysis of variance showed that the density had significant effect on seed protein and the percentage of oil, but the number of rows of seeds, the number of filled seeds and seed yield were not significantly affected by the density. The results showed that the density of 83 thousand plants per hectare with 100kg potassium fertilizer had the greatest impact on increasing of the number of rows of sees, number of filled grain and seed yield. Density and potassium levels did not have significant effect on seed protein but the greatest oil percentage belonged to 83 thousand plants per hectare. On the basis of results, it is defined that increasing density on the optimum level, caused to increase yield components, oil percentage and seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - The effect of potassium priming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of sunflower
رويا بنيادي فرزاد جلیلیTo evaluate the priming effect of potassium resources and foliar spray of micronutrient on the yield and yield components of sunflower ( Farrokh cultivar ) a two factorial experiment was carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Station of Khoy ( W. Azar MoreTo evaluate the priming effect of potassium resources and foliar spray of micronutrient on the yield and yield components of sunflower ( Farrokh cultivar ) a two factorial experiment was carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Station of Khoy ( W. Azarbaijan-Iran ) in the crop year of 2014. The experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatment and 3 replications. The priming factor was accompanied with the three levels of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and potassium sulfate; spraying factor accompanied with four levels of non-spraying and spraying with zinc, boron, and a combination spraying of zinc and boron. The variance analysis revealed a significant effect of priming of the seed on the diameter, number of seeds per head, and seed yield, but it had no significant impact on the other traits. The maximum number of seeds per head was 656.7 for zinc spraying and 669.7 for boron spraying. The minimum number was 511.8 for non-spraying. Combined spraying of boron and zinc showed maximum yield of 3899.9 kg per hectare and non-spraying showed the minimum yield of 2928.8 kg per hectare. The bilateral effect of these two factors affected the traits, seed yield, shoot-ash percentage, and harvest index. However, the highest seed yield was observed as 4040 kg/h for priming with potassium chloride and spraying with boron and the least seed yield was observed as 2652 kg /h for priming with potassium sulfate to increase the head diameter was more effective than other sources of potassium. Simultaneous spraying of zinc and boron increased the diameter, number of seeds per head, seed yield, and harvest index, while non-spraying reduced the number of seeds per head, seed yield, and biological yield. The correlation of bush diameter with seeds number, seeds yield and biological yield were significant, and so were the seed number correlation with seed yield, biological yield and its hollowness percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - Investigating the Relationship between Company Diversification and Systematic Risk by Studying the Cash flow of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Zahra Houshmand Negabi Fatemeh PirhayatiThe main objective of this study is to investigate how cash flow and systematic risk can affect corporate diversification. When it comes to investment decisions and financial considerations in companies, diversification plays a crucial role. Studies indicated that corpo MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate how cash flow and systematic risk can affect corporate diversification. When it comes to investment decisions and financial considerations in companies, diversification plays a crucial role. Studies indicated that corporate diversification influences employees’ productivity, cash retention, investment costs and overall company value. Diversification helps companies reduce risks when they encounter economic or market conditions. In other words, it assists companies in anticipating and preventing market changes and disruptions, thereby minimizing the impact of systematic risks. This research follows a descriptive and ex-post facto approach, categorized as cause and effect. The analysis of variables has been performed using multiple linear regression. Data from 118 companies between 2018 to 2022 were collected for research purposes. In order to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, Excel and EVIEWS software have been employed. The findings of this study indicate a relationship between systematic risk and corporate diversification. However, cash flow of companies and corporate diversification exhibited no significant correlation. Additionally, the results suggest that cash flow acts as a moderating variable that significantly influences the relationship between corporate diversification and systematic risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
698 - The impact of planting array and micro-fertilizers on the yield of oil sunflower ( lakumka ) and its components in the second farming
سيما عباس زاده محسن رشديTo study the impact of planting array and micro-fertilizer on the yield and yield components of oil sunflower, lakumka cultivar in the second farming, an experiment was carried out on the complete random blocks with three replications in Khoy vicinity in 1393. The plant MoreTo study the impact of planting array and micro-fertilizer on the yield and yield components of oil sunflower, lakumka cultivar in the second farming, an experiment was carried out on the complete random blocks with three replications in Khoy vicinity in 1393. The planting array factor was in three levels of 50×20, 60×16, and 70×14 cm; and the three factors of macro-nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in three recommended levels of 150 and 125 percent. The variance analysis results showed that the effect of planting array on the trait of seed yield and oil yield was meaningful. By the increase of fertilizer consumption by 150 percent, the second yield increased from 1237.7 kg to 1370 kg per hectare, and by the reduction of the space between planting rows from 70 cm to 50 cm, the Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024