Population fluctuations of broom corn aphid specific predators in Miyaneh region, Iran
Subject Areas : Agroecology JournalShahram Shahrokhi 1 , Habib Ollah Khodabandeh 2 , Koroush Siami 3 , Jaber Davoodi 4
1 - Ph. D. in Enotomology, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch
2 - M. Sc. in Enotomology, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch
3 - M. Sc. in Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch
4 - Ph. D. in Vetenirary, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch
Keywords: Aphid, Broom corn, Population fluctuation, Predator, Lady beetle, Flower fly, Lacewing,
Abstract :
Aphids are the most important pests of broom corn, Sorghum cernuum, in Miyaneh region and chemical pesticides are severally used for plant protection by farmers regardless to beneficial insect’s activity. With respect to the importance of conservation strategy of natural enemies in integrated pest management programs, aphid specific predators including lady beetles, flower flies and lacewings were collected and identified and their population fluctuation were compared to that of host aphids. Collection of predators was done by sweep net and visiting aphid colonies. The flower fly Sphaerophoria scripta , lacewing Chrysoperla carnea, and five species of lady beetles including: Coccinella septempunctata, C. undecimpunctata، ،Hippodamia variegata، Scymnus cf. frontalis and Propylea quatuordecimpunctat were collected from greenbug, Schizaphis graminum and maize leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis colonies. Synchronization and positive correlation of greenbug and flower fly populations was observed due to host specificity of Sphaerophoria scripta . Among lady beetles, Scymnus cf. frontalis was the most frequent and important species due to oviposition on broom corn and it’s population showed positive significant correlation with that of maize leaf aphid. However adult lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is a carbohydrate feeder and did not lay any egg on the field, and so it had not any role in controling aphid populations of broom corn.
1- امیر نظری، م. 1379. بررسی فونستیک شتههای مزارع گندم و دشمنان طبیعی آنها در منطقه کرج. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، 71 صفحه.
2- احمدی، ع. ا. و ع. سر افرازی. 1372. انتشار و دشمنان طبیعی شته روسی گندم Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) در استان فارس. یازدهمین کنگره گیاهپزشکی ایران، دانشگاه گیلان، صفحه 1.
3- حیدری، ح. 1374. لیستی از خانواده Chrysopidae ایران. دوازدهمین کنگره گیاهپزشکی ایران، آموزشکده کشاورزی کرج، صفحه 329.
4- دولتی، ل. 1373. بررسی بیولوژی شته روسی گندم و پراکندگی آن در استان تهران. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، 180 صفحه.
5- عالیچی، م.، غ. اسدی، و ب. قرالی، 1379. مگسهای شته خوار خانواده Syrphidae در استان فارس. چهاردهمین کنگره گیاهپزشکی ایران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، صفحه 181.
6. Barbulescu, A. 1977. The role of ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata L.) on the development of cereal green aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rond.) on sorghum. Analele Institutului de Cercetari Pentru Cereale si Plante Tehnice, Fundulea 42: 369-374.
7. Chambers, R. J. 1988. Syrphidae. In: Minks, A. K. and Harrewijn, P. (eds.), Aphids , Their biology, Natural enemies and Control, Vol. B. Amsterdam, Elsevier, Pp. 259-270.
8. Chambers, R. J., K. D. Sunderland, I. J. Wyattand and G. P. Vickerman. 1983. The effects of predator exclution and caging on cereal aphids in winter wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology 20: 209- 224.
9. Chen, K. and K. R. Hopper. 1990. Diuraphis noxia Population dynamics and impact of natural enemies in the Montpellier region of southern France. Environmental Entomology 26 (4): 866-875.
10. Dixon, A. F. G. 1987. Cereal aphids as an applied problem. Agricultural Zoology Review 2: 1-57.
11. Elliott, N. C. and R. W. Kieckhefer. 1990. Dynamics of aphidophagous coccinellid assemblages in small grain fields in eastern south Dakota. Environmental Entomology 19 (5): 1320-1329.
12. Frazer, B. D. 1989. Predators. In: Minks, A. K. and Harrewijn, P. (eds.), Aphids , Their biology, Natural enemies and Control, Vol. 2 B., Amsterdam, Elsevier, Pp. 217-228.
13. Honek, A. 1982. Factors which determine the composition of the field communities of adult aphidophagous Coccinellidae. Zeitschrift fur Angerwandt Entomologie 94: 157-168.
14. Jervis, M. and N. Kidd. 1996. Insect natural enemies, practical approaches to their study and evaluation. Chapman and Hall, 491 Pp.
15. Kring, T. J., F. E. Gilstrap, and G. J. Michels. 1985. Role of indigenous coccinellids in regulating greenbugs (Hom.: Aphididae) on texas grain Sorghum. Journal of Economic Entomology 78(1): 269-273.
16. Krober, T. and K. Carl. 1991. Cereal aphids and their natural enemies in Europe: a literature review. Biocontrol News and Information 12 (4): 357-371.
17. Lapchin, L., A. Ferran, G. Iperti, J. M. Rabasse and J. P. Lyon. 1987. Coccinellids (Col., Coccinellidae) and syrphids (Diptera, Syrphidae ) as Predators of aphids in cereal crops: a comparison of sampling methods. Canadian Entomologist 119: 815-822.
18. Lopez, E. G. and G. L. Teetes. 1976. Selected predators of aphids in grain Sorghum and their relation to cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology 69(2): 198-204.
19. Pimental, D. and A. G. Jr. Wheeler. 1973. Species and diversity of arthropods in the alfalfa community. Environmental Entomology 2: 659-668.
20. Smith, B. C. 1960. A technique for rearing coccinellid beetles on dry foods and influence of various pollens on the development of Coleomegilla maculata Lengi.Canadian Journal of Zoology 38: 1047-1049.
21. Stechmann, D. H. 1990. Getreidenblattlause und aphidophage insekten-zur tierokologischen funktion von hecken in der kulturlandschaft. Habil thesis, University of Bayreuth, Germany, 225 Pp.
22. Susidko, P. I. and V. I. Skylar. 1974. Factors regulating the numbers of aphids on Sorghum. Zashchita Rastenii 10: 26.
_||_