Effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on morphological traits and essential oil of daffodil (Narcissus tazetta L.)

Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal

Fatemeh Nakhaei ¹ (Assistant Professor, Birjand Branch Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.)
ahmad khalili ² (Prof. in Horticulture , Science and Reasearch Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, respectively.)
mohammad ali naseri ³ (Assistant Prof. of Chemistry Department, Birjand University.)
parviz abromand ⁴ (Assistant Prof. in chemistry, Science and Reasearch Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, respectively.)

Received: 2008-12-16 Accepted : 2009-11-17 Published : 2011-01-21

Keywords: GA3, Essential Oil, IBA, BA, CCC, Daffodil, Flower diameter, flowers Number, Morrphological traits,

Abstract :

Daffodil (Narcissus tazetta) not only is known as a cut flower and ornamental plant, but also has high advantages in perfume industry. Effect of four kinds of plant growth regulators including gibberelic acid (GA3) 100 ppm, banzyladenine (BA) 500 ppm, indole butyric acid (IBA) 200 ppm and Cycocel CCC 800 ppm) onmorphological traits and essential oil of daffodil were investigated. Plant growth regulators were sprayed at two stages including bulbs and foliage parts atinflorescence. The essential oil of fresh flowers was extacted using solvent extraction method. The results showed that GA3 and BA treatments had significant effects on increasing stem length, flower diameter and number of flowers in each inflorescence and also accelerated flowering. IBA application elongated flowering stem length but CCC decreased stem length. BA and IBA applications caused significant increase in essential oil, CCC had no effect on that, but GA3 decreased its quantity.

References:

Al-Khasswneh N, Karam N, Shibli R (2006) Growth and flowering of black iris (Iris nigricans Dinsm). Scientia Horticulturae 107: 187-193

Booij R (1989) Effect of growth regulators on curd diameter of cauliflower. Scientia Horticulturae 38: 23-32.

Brooking I, Cohen D (2002) Gibberellin-induced flowering in small tubers of Zantedeschia black Magic. Scientia Horticulturae 95: 63-73.

Bushue L, Mann C, Gorenstein N, Dudareva N (1999) Effect of plant growth regulatures on floral scent production in Antirrhinum majus. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD, 80 pp.

Chang Y, Sung F (2000) Effect of gibberellic acid and dormancy –breaking chemicals on flower development of Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet and R. scabrum Don. Scientia Horticulturae 83: 331-337.

 Dole J, Wilkins H (1996) Floriculture ( principle and species). Prentice- hall, inc, p 613.

Farooqi A, Sharma A, Naqvi A, Khan A (1993) The effect of kinetin on flower and oil production in Rosa damascene. Journal of Essential Oil Research 5: 305-309.

Fathi G, Esmaielpour B (2000) Plant growth substances: principle and application. Jehad-e- Daneshghahee Mashhad. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Fisher P, Heins R, Leith J (1996) Modeling the stem elongation response of poinsettia to chlormequat. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121: 861-868.

Gilbertz D, Lewis A (1986) Poinsettia response to pre plant rooting-cube application of ancymidol and chloromquat. Scientia Horticulturae 29: 173-180.

Gordon R, Rees A (1977) Stem elongation in tulip and narcissus: The influence of floral organs and growth regulators. New Phytology 78: 579- 591.

Hartmann H, Kester D, Davis J (1990) Plant propagation: principles and practices. 5th ed. Prentices-Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Hans M, Van Dort P, Jagres R, Anton J (1993) Narcissus trevithian and Narcissus geranium: analysis and synthesis of compounds. Agricultural Food Chemistry 41: 2063- 2075.

Joiner N, Washington O,  Johson R, Nell T (2004) Effect of exogenous growth regulators on flowering and cytokinin levels in Azaleas. Department of Ornamental Horticulture, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA.

Julio C (2003) Effect of GA₃ andBA on two cultivar of Achimenes longiflora under two levels of irradiance. ISHS Acta Horticulture 167: II Symposium on Growth Regulature in Floriculture.

Kewalanand J, Pandy C (1998) Effect plant growth regulators on the growth, herbage and oil yield of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) and it is economic therefrom. Journal of Medical Aromatic Plant Science 20:725-30.

Kheiry A (2006) Effects of GA₃  and 6-BA on the quality and essence of tuberose. M.Sc. Thesis , University of Tehran,  Department of Horticultural Sciences, Karaj, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Kiyoshi O (2003) Effect of gibberellins and benzyladenine on dormancy and flowering of Lilium speciosum. Kanagawa Horticultural Experimental Station, Ninomiya, Nakagun, Kanagawa, 259- 301, Japan.

Kurtar S, Ayan A (2005) Effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) on flowering, stalk elongation and bulb characteristics of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana Var. cassini). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8(2): 273-277.

Lewis K, Faust J, Sparkman I, Grimes L (2004) The effect of daminozide and chlormequat on the growth and flowering of poinsettia and Pansy. Horticulture Science 39: 1315-1318.

Mazhari N 2004. Iran flora, numbers 46 and 47 family Amaryllidaceae  and Iridaceae. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Mirjalili M, Sonboli A, Salehi P (2005) Changes Comparison of quantity and quality of Cymbopogon olivieri essence. Journal of plant medicin. 16: 22-28.

Nagar P (2002) Change in abscisic acid, phenol and indoleacetic acid in bulbs of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) during dormancy and sprouting. CSIR Complex, Palampur 176061, India.

Nagarja G, Gowda  J, Farooqi A (1999) Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering of Tuberose cv. Single. Karantaka Journal of Agriculture Science 12: 234-238.

Preeti H, Gogoi S (1997) Effects of preplant chemical treatment of bulbs on growth and flowering of Polianthes tuberosa cv. Single. Annuals Biology 13: 145-149.

Pooyan M (1989) Medicinal plants in southern of Khorasan. Danesh Publishing. [In Persian with English Abstract].

Radwan A, Elfouly M, Garas N (2006) Retarding stem elongation and stimulating dry matter production and yield of potato with chlormequat chloride (CCC). Potato Research 14: 173-180.

Ranwala A, William M (2008) Gibberellin-mediated changes in carbohydrate metabolism during flower stalk elongation in tulips. Plant Growth Regulators 55: 241-248.

Saffari V,  Khalighi A, Lesani H, Mesbah B, Julius F (2004) Effect of different plant growth regulators and time of pruning on yield components of Rosa damascana  Mill. International of Journal Agriculture and Biology 6: 1040- 1042.

Sharma S, Farooqi A (1990) Effect of 2-Chloroethyl phosphonic acid on economic yield of damask rose. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 60: 691-702.

Shukla A, Farooqi A (1990) Utilization of plant growth regulators in aromatic plant production. Current Research of Medical Aromatic Plants 12: 152-157.

Vainstein A (2002) Breeding for ornamentals classicals and molecular approaches. Kluwer Acadamic Publishers, 392 pp.

William E (2001) Role of cytokinins in carnation flower senescence. Plant Physiology 59: 707-709.

Yang C, Sung F (2002) Effect of gibberellic acid and dormancy-breaking chemicals on flower development of Rhododendron pulchrum sweet and R scabrum Don. Scientia Horticulturae 83: 331-337.

Yusef Saleh S, Al-Safar B (2006) Effect of GA₃ treatment and nitrogen on growth and development of gladiolus corms. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (13): 2516-2519.