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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the impact of supply chain management on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of competitive advantage: the case study of South Aluminum Corporation (SALCO)
mokhtar ranjbarThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of supply chain management on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of competitive advantage (the case study of South Aluminum Corporation). The present research method is a descr MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of supply chain management on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of competitive advantage (the case study of South Aluminum Corporation). The present research method is a descriptive analysis of the survey type and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes 2300 employees of South Aluminum Corporation. In this research, the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and the stratified sampling method according to the sample size, 341 people as a sample. The research tools in this research included three standard questionnaires of supply chain management by Lee et al. (2006), the standard questionnaire of competitive advantage questionnaire by Lee et al. (2006) and the standard questionnaire of Patterson's organizational performance (2005). The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed using content validity and construct validity and the reliability of the mentioned questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, to analyze the data from the "structural equation model" and especially the path analysis technique, using the Smart PLS software, the specified paths of the research according to the conceptual model have been examined. The findings of the research showed that the management The supply chain has a positive effect on the improvement of the organizational performance studied by the South Aluminum Corporation, and the competitive advantage plays a mediating role in the influence of the supply chain management on the improvement of the organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Application of structural approach-complexity-interpretation of supply chain and its role in competitiveness in automotive industry
Saeid Zanganeh bolghis bavarsad majid nili ahmadabadiExtensive progress in supply chain management operations and logistics research has led to the changing nature of the competition in modern businesses. In the supply chain process, the performance of supply chain management is an important and key factor for the acquisi MoreExtensive progress in supply chain management operations and logistics research has led to the changing nature of the competition in modern businesses. In the supply chain process, the performance of supply chain management is an important and key factor for the acquisition of competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to use a structural approach-complexity interpretation of supply chain and its role in competitiveness in automotive industry in the automotive industry. This paper is in terms of development goal, which by using the combined method, in two stages, including identification of indicators by thematic analysis method and its test was conducted using a correlational survey. The statistical population of the paper in the quality phase of the managers of Iran Khodro Company of Khuzestan province and professors and in the quantitative phase of managers, employees and staff of Iran Khodro Company of Khuzestan Province is a small part of the formation of a structural self-interactive matrix to follow structural and interpretive modeling. The sample size in the qualitative phase was determined by the method of judgement. The results showed that 3 main indices and 15 sub-indexes were identified as the main model factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Planning the future of Iran with nation branding
Amin Ardalan Hossein Vazifehdust Hashem NikoomaramIn order to plan the future, knowledge of the attitudes, perceptions and identification of the various factors and dimensions affecting the nation brand of a country is necessary for any specialist and organization that wants to create, exploit, maintain, and develop a MoreIn order to plan the future, knowledge of the attitudes, perceptions and identification of the various factors and dimensions affecting the nation brand of a country is necessary for any specialist and organization that wants to create, exploit, maintain, and develop a brand. Therefore, the present study seeks to find effective factors in nation branding in such a way as to identify the variables specific to Iran and to provide a suitable and comprehensive roadmap for future planning of the nation brand. The statistical population of the study was tourists who visited Iran and collected information from 987 individuals using a questionnaire. Using descriptive surveying method and structural equation modeling, eight hypotheses are analyzed and applied in terms of purpose. The results show that the factors of government, culture, tourism, society, geography, and nature, affect Brand. Also, export brands, science, and technology and economics are factors that affect the nation brand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Impact of environment dynamics and competitiveness on business performance; Analyzing the role of product innovation strategies and processes
saeed jafari titkanloo Nafiseh Zolfaghari Omid Behboodi Mohammad Zia MohseniAbstract Background: recently, more notable performance is expected from knowledge-based companies. Some intra-organizational factors (such as innovation strategies) and also a number of extra-organizational factors (such as competitiveness and environmental dynamics) c MoreAbstract Background: recently, more notable performance is expected from knowledge-based companies. Some intra-organizational factors (such as innovation strategies) and also a number of extra-organizational factors (such as competitiveness and environmental dynamics) can play significant roles in their performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the connection of dynamics variables and environmental competitiveness with the variables of product innovation strategy and process innovation. Another objective of this article is to investigate the impact of these factors on business performance. Methods: This research is an applied and descriptive correlational study. The statistical population includes 170 managers of knowledge-based companies of Khorasan Razavi province out of which 115 were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability was confirmed. Causal relationships between variables were measured using PLS software. Results: The results indicate that environmental competitiveness affects both process and product innovation. It also affects business performance through innovation. Also, the Environmental dynamics affect product and process innovation and through them affect business performance. Conclusion: Knowledge-based companies should investigate the environmental conditions and formulate innovative strategies based on its competitiveness and dynamics to achieve optimal performance. Keywords: Business Performance, Product Innovation, Process Innovation, Environmental Dynamics, Environmental Competitiveness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Determination of Innovative Actions of the Organization using Porter's Competitive Combined Model and Blue Ocean Strategy
Fatemeh Khoshkam Mehdi AbbasiTo continue the life of organizations in today's global marketplace, finding solutions to the exit from the competition field. The purpose of this research is to provide an algorithm for the development of innovative measures by using Porter's competitive forces and the MoreTo continue the life of organizations in today's global marketplace, finding solutions to the exit from the competition field. The purpose of this research is to provide an algorithm for the development of innovative measures by using Porter's competitive forces and the blue ocean strategy.This research is descriptive survey and in terms of applied purpose. In this research, by presenting a two-step algorithm, the competitive environment and industry structure are identified, while evaluating the attractiveness of the organization, a suitable strategy for leaving the competitive environment is presented. In order to implement the proposed algorithm in the IRAFA company, the first team of experts included all the experts and managers. In the second stage, using a questionnaire scan and performing statistical tests, it was determined that among five of Porter's competitive forces, the competition among existing organizations was the main cause of the threat. Also, Table Four Action of the Blue Ocean Strategy Plan was developed with an emphasis on value innovation for the IRAFA company. Emphasizing value innovation can be integrating and synchronizing with similar small organizations; creating targeted advertising; providing services through the Internet; careful operation of free consulting services; eliminating specialized vocabulary in advertising for the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Futurology-Based Study into the Key Factors Affecting the Competitive Advantage with an Emphasis on Social Marketing (Case Study: Refah Bank Staff)
mahdi karimian kakolaki Mohammad Haghighi abdolkhalegh gholami chenarestan oliaThis research took a futurology-based approach to study and analyze the key factors influencing the competitive advantage with an emphasis on social marketing in Refah bank staff. The study was of applied type in terms of its purpose and of descriptive type in terms of MoreThis research took a futurology-based approach to study and analyze the key factors influencing the competitive advantage with an emphasis on social marketing in Refah bank staff. The study was of applied type in terms of its purpose and of descriptive type in terms of data collection. The six hypotheses used in this study were taken from a conceptual model which was obtained in a qualitative research. Further, the data was gathered via a researcher-developed questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included 200 mangers and experts of Refah bank. The sample of the study also consisted of 127 managers and staff done by gorjesi and Morgan table through clustering method. For validity check, face and content types of validity were checked and for reliability, Chronbach alpha was used. Given the low number of participants, PLS, which is a variance-based technique for path modeling, was employed to analyze gathered data. The obtained results of the study confirmed all of the hypotheses. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the key factors influencing the competitive advantage for Refah bank staff are “social responsibility”, creating confidence and welfare for customers”, “implementing customer–oriented policies”, and “emphasizing on customers’ fidelity and satisfaction” through purposive marketing and green marketing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the effect of factors and variables of international competitiveness for food industry companies in Iran with a futures research approach (Case study: Khuzestan food industry)
hossein ghobeishavi abdolkhalegh gholami chenarestan olia Mohammad HaghighiThe purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors and variables which can influence on international competitiveness of food industry companies in Khuzestan province. This research is an applied, descriptive and correlational research, and the futures MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors and variables which can influence on international competitiveness of food industry companies in Khuzestan province. This research is an applied, descriptive and correlational research, and the futures research approach is performed for it. Research hypotheses have been achieved from a qualitative stage that uses theories and experiences of food industry experts. The data required to test the hypotheses were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consists of business, marketing and export managers of Khuzestan food industry companies, which are sufficiently familiar with market and industry conditions and specifications of foreign buyers. The number of these experts was 250. Using a Georgian and Morgan formula and cluster sampling method, a sample of 157 people has been selected. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by referring to a prototype and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The research results indicate that 8 factors including the cost of products, product quality, to have advanced technology in company, the presence of expert human resource, efficient marketing management, to have famous brands in the company, high quality packaging, and easy access to high quality materials can have effect on creating an effective competitive advantage for food industry companies of Khuzestan Province. Also, according to these results, the effect of competitive advantage on international competitiveness of companies has been approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The evaluation of relationship between customer value and customer relationship management performance
K. Heidarzadeh A. Zendehdel Ali Hossin SoltaniCurrent studies (2004) show a potential challenge between customer management relationship(CRM) and customer value in achieving superior performance. In fact one of the main obstacles inassessing the performance of CRM is not knowing "factors which create superior custo MoreCurrent studies (2004) show a potential challenge between customer management relationship(CRM) and customer value in achieving superior performance. In fact one of the main obstacles inassessing the performance of CRM is not knowing "factors which create superior customer valueand process of offering this value to customers." The focus of this study is on "the effects ofdimensions of customer value on tangible and intangible functions of CRM on Modeiran Company(the exclusive representative of LG monitors.)"The information of statistical society, the buyers of the products of this company, on the first halfof the year 1384 was studied on the basis of available data. Moreover, using a questionnaire,customer information was gathered.The main variables include: performance value, social value, emotional value, perceivedsacrifices, loyalty to brand, customer satisfaction, and the performance of CRM. The type of presentstudy is correlational investigation with applied and sectional nature.According to the results, "perceived sacrifices" do not have a direct and negative (reversed)relationship with variables of the performance of CRM on the basis of customer behavior, customersatisfaction and customer loyalty. In other words, the increase of material and immaterial losses,due to buying LG monitors did not lead to decrease of loyalty or satisfaction, which is the result ofthe quality of the services and products. This study has revealed a direct and positive relationshipbetween emotional and social values with the performance of CRM on the basis of customerbehavior. This shows the popularity of LG monitors in Iran's market and customers' satisfaction ofthis product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the Relationship between Conflict Management Styles and the Staffs' Job Stress with the Aim of Applying the Appropriate Management Style in Future
Ramezan Jahanian Azam IshaghiThis study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs i MoreThis study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs in technical andvocational colleges in Alborz province in 2011 which comprise 130 participants and thesubjects are selected according to the simple random sampling on the basis of Morgan's table fordetermining the sample size. The data collection tools are two questionnaires; one is conflictresolution questionnaire which was presented by Weeks (1994) and Fisher and Ury (1991) andjob stress questionnaire which is designed by Osipow (1987). The obtained results indicatesthat there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the competitive, avoidance andcompromise conflict management styles and staffs' job stress. On the other hand, there is nosignificant relationship between sacrificing and cooperative conflict management style andstaffs' job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The relationship between the organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive (The case study: Cement Company of Bojnord)
Marzieh Ostadi Iraj Mahbobeh Soleimon PouromranThe present study aims to investigate the relationship between the organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage in the Bojnord Cement Company. In terms of method, it is a correlation analysis. For data collection three questio MoreThe present study aims to investigate the relationship between the organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage in the Bojnord Cement Company. In terms of method, it is a correlation analysis. For data collection three questionnaires were used: "Organizational Resilience Standard Questionnaire derived from McManus’ Model(2008), a researcher-made questionnaire for investigation of Porter's Five Forces of Competition, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Questionnaire Hill and Jones(2010), which contain 54, 20 and 16 questions, respectively. According to the collected data, the number of employees serving in Bojnord Cement Company is 600 people. Based on the Cochran formula the number of samples taken into account was 234. Therefore, to summarize data after data collection by statistical software Spss 21 and Lisrel 8.5, first of all the normality of the data was evaluated and the selected scale was confirmed. Results indicated that there is a relationship between the independent variable of organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage; and between two dependent variables of competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage, with a 0.095 percent certainty. These results confirm the overall resilience as well as the organizational competitiveness and competitive advantage is that a significant amount is calculated 0/94, That is a significant amount. The test statistic (t-value) is also obtained 10/47 that Suggesting the relationship is so significant relationship between resiliency and organizational competitiveness and competitive advantage there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Local Competition in Bayhaq: Political Roots (3-7 AH)
مرتضی دانشیارIn the early Islamic centuries, Bayhaq region was a dependent ofNīshāpūr. In the first Islamic century when the Khurasan- Iraq- roadreplaced by Nīshāpūr-Bayhaq- Ray- Iraq highway, Bayhaq gainedincreasing commercial and military importance. So that, her safeguardbecame a MoreIn the early Islamic centuries, Bayhaq region was a dependent ofNīshāpūr. In the first Islamic century when the Khurasan- Iraq- roadreplaced by Nīshāpūr-Bayhaq- Ray- Iraq highway, Bayhaq gainedincreasing commercial and military importance. So that, her safeguardbecame a priority for governors of Khurasan. Since then Bayhaqexperienced both local uprisings and competitions as well. Presentstudy intends to examine causes of this instability. The findingssuggest that policy of governors of Khurasan in changing the seat ofthe Bayhaq region was a main cause of local competition and conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm based on a new assimilation strategy
Seyed Mojtaba Saif -
Open Access Article
13 - A Novel ICA-based Estimator for Software Cost Estimation
Behrouz Sadeghi Vahid Khatibi Bardsiri Monireh Esfandiari Farzad Hosseinzadeh -
Open Access Article
14 - Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation in an Interactive Engineering Game
Rani Deepika Balavendran Joseph Alok Pal Jeanne Tunks Gayatri Mehta -
Open Access Article
15 - A New RSTB Invariant Image Template Matching Based on Log-Spectrum and Modified ICA
Mehran Yazdi Narjes Pourjafarian Mehrnaz Fani Elahe Taherianfard -
Open Access Article
16 - Designing ethic model with Consider to the tasks of public managers with Fuzzy Expert System Approach
davoud haghkhah مرتضی موسی خانی غلام رضا معمار زادهcontext: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identi Morecontext: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identification of the schools hybrid model ethics ethics in public organizations is in line with management tasks.Methods: This study has been conducted applied research and research combined. In order to determine the model of society of 10 academic experts and Successful organizational executive with cluster sampling of 130 top managers of Khorasan Razavi province were studied. Model interview questionnaire was used for preliminary recognition.Results: According to the findings of the study indicate that managers in public organizations according to four normative ethical dimension can their duties at a glance combined with a focus on task-oriented approach will be effective.Conclusion: This study shows that government managers Organizers of an optimum combination for use in organizations with a focus on virtue ethics in their organizations in Iran. In addition, by changing the composition of the ethical responsibilities of managers Managers are moral priorities change Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Application of fuzzy Delphi method in designing and explaining the model of achieving sustainable competitive advantage
hosainalli rezaiymanash alli rezaeyan alireza amirkabiriBackground: Sustainable competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to implement one of the most important ways in the long run that competitors can not easily face. Objective: The purpose of this study is to design and explain a model for achieving a MoreBackground: Sustainable competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to implement one of the most important ways in the long run that competitors can not easily face. Objective: The purpose of this study is to design and explain a model for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage using the fuzzy Delphi method. Methods: The method of data collection has been extracted and refined through library studies and semi-structured interviews with experts and using fuzzy Delphi method. Findings: Based on the studies, the issue of creating a competitive advantage over competitors is one of the new challenges in the field of marketing. The importance of research is to empirically show the users of the results of this research that competitive advantage has a significant effect on the sustainability of organizations. Conclusion: The results showed that managers of different industries can use this model and consider other variables, using the documents in their organization, the impact of each of the criteria for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage on the criteria and indices, including brand value, brand market share and profitability and demand, etc predict. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluate brand-based marketing based on competition strategy policies in the management of brand-owned state-owned companies
soheil karimirad Leila andervazhBackground: Given the competitive environment in the insurance industry, maintaining and developing market share is the result of competitive strategy policies. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing competition strategy policies is considered an important issue MoreBackground: Given the competitive environment in the insurance industry, maintaining and developing market share is the result of competitive strategy policies. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing competition strategy policies is considered an important issue in strategic brand-based marketing decisions. According to the findings, brandorientation stimulates the development of organizational identity and organizational identity also plays an important role in implementing brand-oriented marketing and improving the strategy of competitive strategy policies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brand-based marketing on competition strategy policies with emphasis on the role of organizational identity intervener in Iran Insurance Company. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research population includes 400 employees of Iran Insurance Company. The sampling method used was simple random and the sample size was 196 based on Morgan table. It was analyzed in descriptive statistics by SPSS software. SMART-PALS software was used to test the developed hypotheses. Results: Findings obtained from path coefficients and significant coefficients showed that brand-based marketing have a significant and positive effect on competition strategy policies (β = 0.407, t = 4.821). Brand-based marketing has a positive and significant effect on organizational identity (β = 0.828, t = 28.171). It was also concluded that organizational identity has a significant and positive effect on competition strategy policies (β = 0.489, t = 5.817). Another result of the study showed that organizational identity can play a mediating role between the relationship between brand-based marketing and competitive strategy policies. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that paying attention to brand-oriented marketing equips Iran Insurance Company with capabilities and capabilities that can have many results and consequences for companies such as company growth, profitability, increasing market share and increasing competitiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Innovation Strategy on Performance according to Balanced Scorecard research on Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Co.
Hossein Sadri MohammadReza DalviBackground: the complexity of competition environment and increase in customers’ expectations declares the necessity of organizations’ performance measurement to be sure about its strategies. One of the important management tools for perfor MoreBackground: the complexity of competition environment and increase in customers’ expectations declares the necessity of organizations’ performance measurement to be sure about its strategies. One of the important management tools for performance measurement and also strategy execution in companies is balanced scorecard that helps managers to control and refine their key activities. Objective: The goal of this research is evaluation of Innovation strategy effect and its guidelines on performance according to balanced scorecard quadruple dimensions in Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company as a main electricity power distribution company in country. Methods: The nature of this research is descriptive and its method is survey. The research statistical population is 150 people of Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company’s managers, chairmen, and experts which were chosen by random sampling method and 100 people were chosen by Cochran's C test as a sample size. The data collection tool is survey which its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha. Multiple Regression Analysis and SPSS software are used for data analysis. Findings: Research results represents the definite effect of aggressive, defensive, futurity and proactiveness guidelines and also the relative effect of analytic and risky guidelines on performance of Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigating effect of social responsibility, credit and competitive advantage on financial performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Seyed fakhreddin FakhrhosseiniRecognition of the direct relationship between CSR and firm performance has garnered much interest among authors recently. The findings are rather inconclusive and misleading. This is because, while a positive association between CSR and firm performance has been a domi MoreRecognition of the direct relationship between CSR and firm performance has garnered much interest among authors recently. The findings are rather inconclusive and misleading. This is because, while a positive association between CSR and firm performance has been a dominant theme in many articles, universally, others suggested a negative or no correlation. Finally, it can be concluded that the relationship between CSR and firm performance is more complicated than the results of many previous studies indicate.The present article aims to determine the relationship between social responsibility, credibility and competitive advantage over business performance. In this study,has been studied a sample of 109 companies from 19 industries . The period studied was 1394 to 1399, which used multiple regression test. The results show that corporate social responsibility and credibility have a negative impact and competitive advantage has a positive impact on equity returns. Competitive advantage has also had a positive effect on return on assets of companies listed on the stock exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Business wargaming (typology, elements and process)
samira shahmansouriBackground: Studying and analyzing business aspects has a positive effect on the organization's capabilities in the field of dynamic competition. In this regard, this study tries to identify the need for the application of business wargaming in the dynamic decision-maki MoreBackground: Studying and analyzing business aspects has a positive effect on the organization's capabilities in the field of dynamic competition. In this regard, this study tries to identify the need for the application of business wargaming in the dynamic decision-making process for the organization by trying to typologically approach the wargaming in the management literature and determine the position and goals related to each dimension. The business wargaming is an intellectually free and safe environment against failure that contributes to the factors influencing the success or failure of competition in a dynamic environment, and is a participatory and creative challenging process that is often judged or judged. To take. This leads to dynamic events in the decisions of its implementers following the analysis of the competitive situation and is used to provide a decision-making experience for managers. Method: Considering that the application of this approach in the field of management is at an early stage and in this field no study has been done in the country, we try to study the study abroad and review the related literature.Objective: To introduce and study the typology of wargaming, identify elements, processes and stages, applications and techniques, principles and instructions, maps and responsibilities, and to introduce this interdisciplinary approach.Conclusion: Mentioning the advantages and limitations of the business wargaming approach and presenting the goals related to each field of wargaming related to the field of management is the end of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Pathology of the press industry of the country with the aim of providing an evolutionary model
Asghar Nemati bahram alishiri taher Roshandel Arbatani Naser Azadhas it. The research project has been based on the use of the Porter Model Five Competitive Forces and by obtaining the votes of experts in the press industry, a pathologic assessment of the current state of the industry in the country, followed by a desirable and indig Morehas it. The research project has been based on the use of the Porter Model Five Competitive Forces and by obtaining the votes of experts in the press industry, a pathologic assessment of the current state of the industry in the country, followed by a desirable and indigenous pattern for the development of this industry. To deal with environmental changes. In this research, a qualitative method strategy for responding to research propositions will be used. In the Pathology section of the press industry, using the Delphi method, the opinions of experts in the field are gathered and summed up and used in the formulation and presentation of the desired model of industry transformation using the data theory approach of the foundation. The statistical population of this study is all experts and experts in media management, especially the press industry. The information in this research is gathered through library, deep interview and structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. The results in the Department of Pathology of the Industry show that economic problems are the main industrial damage that the press is suffering from, and factors such as cyberspace competitors, political constraints and weaknesses in the human resource education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - An Investigation and Analysis of Context and Requirements of New Regionalism with Respect to Increasing Competitiveness and Creativity in Iran (Case Study: Qeshm Island)
Mozaffar Sarrafi Mohammad Hosein Sharifzadegan Naser Nejati -
Open Access Article
24 - The Impact of Architectural Competitions on the Improvement of the Post-Revolution Architecture in Iran
Reza FarmahiniFarahani Iraj Etesam Seyed Rahman Eghbali -
Open Access Article
25 - The Role of Urban Design on the Branding of Urban Space
Hadi Sarvari Hamid Majedi -
Open Access Article
26 - Analysis of factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports production companies
amirreza shirvani Hassan Fahim Devin Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh GhandehariCompetitiveness is one of the key success indicators of manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports product manufacturing companies. The current researc MoreCompetitiveness is one of the key success indicators of manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports product manufacturing companies. The current research was applied research in terms of purpose, mixed type in terms of data search, and exploratory in terms of data analysis method. The statistical population of the research was professors of sports management, owners of companies producing sports products, experts in the field of export and import of sports products, specialists in the field of sports marketing and managers of companies producing sports products. First, the identification of internal and external strategic indicators effective on improving the competitive power of the country's sports product manufacturing companies was done using the data theory of the foundation and Glazer's approach, and in the next step, the factors were prioritized using the Dimtel-Fuzzy method. The sampling method was purposeful in both qualitative and quantitative sections. The findings of the research showed that the effective factors on improving the competitive power of sports production companies were placed in two categories of internal and external indicators. Also, the findings of the Dmitel Fazi test showed that, in order of priority, 5 concepts of legal and protective factors, structure and management, market control, supply and design, and commercial and international issues as effective factors and 4 concepts of customer and consumer factors, marketing, Product improvement and service improvement were classified as effective factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Identifying the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions
Abdolreza Arianfard Reza Saboonchi Mohammad NikravanObjective: The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions. This issue can lead to the improvement of the sports performance of this caravan. MoreObjective: The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions. This issue can lead to the improvement of the sports performance of this caravan. The present research method is a combination of qualitative-quantitative type, which in the qualitative stage, using grounded theory, the factors affecting the success of CISM are identified and in the quantitative stage, these factors are confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research includes all experts in military champion sports or CISM, which includes managers, executives, professors and experts, officers and CISM athletes. The information was collected by in-depth interview method and using qualitative data analysis method and Strauss and Corbin paradigm model, the relationships between different categories were examined. The results showed that the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions is dependent on optimal governance and operational strategies, which are influenced by causal, contextual and intervening conditions. Also, the use of appropriate strategies leads to the development of human capital and social-economic capital. Conclusion: This article, using a combined qualitative-quantitative approach, has identified and analyzed the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions. This article can be used as a theoretical model for planning and implementing military sports activities in international competitions. Also, this article can be used as a basis for conducting future research in this field. It is suggested that in future research, the factors affecting the success of the military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions be examined using other quantitative methods such as regression analysis or path analysis. It is also suggested that the views of other sports experts such as sports psychologists, sports coaches, sports referees, etc. be used in this topic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Introducing a new inefficiency source due to inappropriate price selection in a Non-Competitive Environment in Data Envelopment Analysis (a case study in the Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery Company of Shazand in Iran)
Elham Rezaei hezaveh Reza Fallahnejad Masoud Sanei Mohammad IzadikhahData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the MoreData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the status of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Now , if information on the inputs and outputs and pricing information of the evaluated units is available, we can calculate the lack of profit and revenue and cost optimization with respect to their inefficiencies. In this paper, we intend to determine the production possibility set (PPS) a new price and a new cost, based on which a new inefficient source and a new source selection of price vectors in a non competitive environment (that is , in the event of a possible change of loss due to the incorrect in Input prices And outputs from the Decision Making Unit to other Decision Making Units (DMUs)). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Designing a robust integrated supply chain model for blood products in times of crisis and uncertainty using NSGA II and MOPSO algorithms
meysam karamipour Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi Ezzatollah AsghariZadeh Adel AzarThe field of blood supply chain has become one of the most important fields of research due to its significant importance in saving human lives. After an earthquake, a large number of injured people suffer from severe bleeding and burns that require blood transfusions a MoreThe field of blood supply chain has become one of the most important fields of research due to its significant importance in saving human lives. After an earthquake, a large number of injured people suffer from severe bleeding and burns that require blood transfusions as soon as possible; Therefore, proper management of the blood supply to the injured is important, and the slightest negligence will endanger human lives. In such a situation, providing assistance to the injured and those in need of blood is very important and the loss of life and losses due to anemia should be greatly reduced by responding to the demand in a timely manner. In the present paper, a two-objective mathematical model under crisis and uncertainty is presented. Due to the high level of uncertainty in the blood supply chain in critical situations and due to the nature of uncertain parameters, a robust planning approach has been used. Also, due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, NSGA II and MOPSO algorithms have been used. To evaluate the results of the model, a real case study in Tehran has been used and sensitivity analysis has been performed on important parameters of the model. Finally, the computational results indicate that the quality of the output solutions of the NSGA II algorithm is better than the MOPSO algorithm and solves the problems in less time; Therefore, the results indicate the stability of the answers of the studied algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Optimal design for competitive service facilities under certainty using an improved differential evaluation algorithm
mohammad fallah Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Ali Pahlavani alireza salamatbakhshThis paper presents a simultaneous optimization model of location and server allocation for a company that enters into a competitive market. The goal is company's profit maximization. Customers are likely to select the facility based on price, travel time and queue time MoreThis paper presents a simultaneous optimization model of location and server allocation for a company that enters into a competitive market. The goal is company's profit maximization. Customers are likely to select the facility based on price, travel time and queue time. Furthermore, as a contribution to the literature, it is assumed that customer awareness of the levels of waiting times in the facilities will increase in stages and over the successive uses of the facilities network. Demand is defined elastic and as a function of the customer's desirability of network’s design and the cost of delivering service at a facility is defined as a function of its demand attraction. An improved differential evolution algorithm has been developed to solve the model and sample problems to demonstrate its efficiency have been solved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - An Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and a Mixed Integer Programming Formulation for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
M. YousefikhoshbakhtThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a famous problem of operation research, holds a central place in combinatorial optimization problems. In this problem, a fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit onl MoreThe Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a famous problem of operation research, holds a central place in combinatorial optimization problems. In this problem, a fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit only ones each customer and load more than its capacity not at all. The objective is to minimize the number of used vehicles and total distance traversed. This paper presents an application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA)) in VRP. Unlike other evolutionary optimization algorithms, ICA is inspired from a socio political process, the competition among imperialists and colonies. Comparison between this method and famous meta-heuristic algorithms shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Computational experience with two groups of instances involving from 50 to 200 confirms that proposed algorithm is competitive in compared to the famous meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of the quality of generated solutions. In addition, this algorithm finds closely the best known solutions (BKS) for most of the instances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - An Effective Algorithm in order to solve the Capacitated Clustering Problem
N. Mahmoodi Darani P. Bassiri M. YousefikhoshbakhtThe capacitated clustering problem (CCP) is a data mining technique utilized to categorize a number of objects with known demands into k distinct clusters such that the capacity of each cluster is not violated, every object is allocated to exactly one cluster and sum of MoreThe capacitated clustering problem (CCP) is a data mining technique utilized to categorize a number of objects with known demands into k distinct clusters such that the capacity of each cluster is not violated, every object is allocated to exactly one cluster and sum of distances from all cluster centers to all other nodes is minimized. The CCP is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, practical large-scale instances of this problem cannot be solved by exact solution methodologies within acceptable computational time. Our interest was therefore focused on meta-heuristic solution approaches. For this reason, a modified imperialist competitive algorithm (MICA) is proposed for the CCP In this paper. The proposed MICA iterates steps between three basic phases, i.e., the random assignment phase to form clusters, the seed relocation phase to find a better median, and the local improvement phase to make a revision of the solution. The proposed algorithm is tested on several standard instances available from the literature. The computational results confirm the effectiveness of the presented algorithm and show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with other meta-heuristic algorithms for solving the CCP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Analysis of Financial-Legal Dimensions of Competition Between Stock Exchanges Based on Comparative Study of Iran and the United States
saeed aghdam ebrahim dianatinasab Alireza KhaliliAccording to Iranian market law, exchanges as a self-regulatory organization are obliged to set and enforce regulations in their field of activity, while they are classified as for-profit companies through ownership, thus their activities may lead to competition. Recogn MoreAccording to Iranian market law, exchanges as a self-regulatory organization are obliged to set and enforce regulations in their field of activity, while they are classified as for-profit companies through ownership, thus their activities may lead to competition. Recognition of competition requires investigation of the nature, function and duties of stock exchanges and capital market structure as a platform of stock exchange activity in terms of two legal rules means Conflict of public-commercial interests and the theory of separation of government’s authority (Act D’Autorite) and incumbency (Act D’Gestion) acts in the context of competition phenomenon. This is done by studying the laws and regulations, relevant documents and reports and analyzing the legal systems of the two countries based on an analytical-interpretive method and within the framework of comparative law. According to the research findings, competition between exchanges by regulators requires attention to several issues including recognition of commercial and public interests of each of the exchanges, determining the competent authority to recognize conflicts of interest and providing a solution for how to resolve conflicts. In terms of practice, according to the structure and conditions of the Iranian market, creating segmentation in the field of stock exchange activity is a right decision, and unlike the US capital market, there is no possibility of competition between the exchanges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effects of Product Market Competition on Agency Costs
امید پورحیدری امیر سروستانی رحمت اله هوشمندIn this paper , the effect of Product Market Competition on Agency Cost isinvestigated. In this regard, the effect of size is controlled. For measuring the ProductMarket Competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of sales and entry barriers is used.For measuring agency MoreIn this paper , the effect of Product Market Competition on Agency Cost isinvestigated. In this regard, the effect of size is controlled. For measuring the ProductMarket Competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of sales and entry barriers is used.For measuring agency cost ,two criterion is used. The first criterion is the interaction ofthe firm’s growth prospects and its free cash flows. We used Tobin’s Q as a proxy for thefirm’s growth prospects. The other criterion is the assets turnover ratio.To test thehypotheses and data,multiple linear regression was used. findings of investigating 62firms in the 2003 to 2011 show that as the firm competition power increases and on theother hand the degree of the product market competition decreases, the agency cost wouldsignificantly increase. Moreover, the strength of the research results using annual datawere also exmined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Analysis of banking regulation on competition in Iranian Banking Industry R
رضا طالبلو حمید بهمن پورThis paper analyzes the effect of banking regulation on competition on in Iran’sbanking system, using unbalanced panel data models for 17 banks functioning in Iran'seconomy, spanning 1996-2009.In this paper we used lerner index as a proxy for competition. For this MoreThis paper analyzes the effect of banking regulation on competition on in Iran’sbanking system, using unbalanced panel data models for 17 banks functioning in Iran'seconomy, spanning 1996-2009.In this paper we used lerner index as a proxy for competition. For this purpose,first translog cost function of each bank were estimated and then marginal costs wereestimated. For regulation proxy, using beck et al (2008) method, we use Capitalrequirment , information disclosure of banking and some other proxy. Results showthat Capital requirment increase banking competition. information disclosure ofbanking that is proxy of monitoring,and other regulations do not any sighnificanteffect on banking competition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Identification of Capital Structure Adjustment Speed Using a Dynamic Model of Optimal Capital Structure; Emphasis on Product Market Competition Factor
Amirmohsein Gorji Reza RaeiOver 50 years of researching into capital structure provides different and sometimes conflicting theories in corporate finance. Among these theories, the trade-off theory with a long background; has been considered in many studies and still is being considered. One of t MoreOver 50 years of researching into capital structure provides different and sometimes conflicting theories in corporate finance. Among these theories, the trade-off theory with a long background; has been considered in many studies and still is being considered. One of the latest approaches of this theory is dynamic trade-off theory. Regarding to this approach, we have tried to identify the capital structure adjustment speed among the companies of Tehran stock exchange (TSE) in this thesis. Hence we employed a partial dynamic adjustment model with panel data and tried to estimate this speed with advanced econometric methods such as generalized method of moments. Our sample consists of 225 firms for 20 years (1992-2012). The results reveal that Iranian firms adjust quickly toward their target leverages (around 48% per year, according to instrumental variable method and 26% per year, according to generalized method of moments). These rapid adjustment speeds confirm the explanatory power of trade-off theory among Iranian firms in the analyzed period. The other purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between product market competition (measured by Tobin’s Q) and the capital structure of Iranian firms. The results of generalized method of moments estimation, detect a positive relationship between the intensity of competition and leverage ratio, which supports the limited liability models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Financial Performance Comparison among Region Managements of Bank and Split the country from provincial effects, and their competitiveness using Constant Market Share
Alireza Erfani Hamidreza Kordlouei M. Mahdi Kakavand Esmaeil ShamsianIn this study a model based on Constant Market Share (CMS) is presented in order to be applied by bank top mangers due to obtaining a proper method to appraise region managers performance. The mentioned method make the macro elements of variation in deposits and facilit MoreIn this study a model based on Constant Market Share (CMS) is presented in order to be applied by bank top mangers due to obtaining a proper method to appraise region managers performance. The mentioned method make the macro elements of variation in deposits and facilities into their phenomenon which causes them. A holistic view is that considering three major factors vary the amount of deposits and facilities which are: 1. Effects caused by financial and monetary policies that bank cannot have and sort of influence on them, 2: those provincial effects mainly are traits of an specific area, bank is not able to make intangible change on them, 3: making competitive advantages, it indicate the extant of region manager’s effort. This research is going to separate the three aforesaid effects then apply the method in an Iranian private bank. Results show that region managers have not has better performance comparing other competitors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Using intelligent methods in Solving Constrained Portfolio in Tehran Stock Exchange
Esmat Jamshidi Eyni Hamid KhaloozadehThe optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available asset swhich aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n ri MoreThe optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available asset swhich aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n risky share, how to reach certain profits with minimal risk. Such a portfolio, efficient portfolio is called. For this purpose, the study of evolutionary algorithms, Genetic Algorithm, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, also with regard to the basic constraints on the investment, we use these practical methods to solve the portfolio optimization problem. Practical results for the portfolio optimization problem in the Tehran Stock Exchange, of the30 company' sactivein the industry with the selection of20companies along with their validation, is obtained. Aims to help investors better and more practical to select different stocks and thus is an effective investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Using intelligent methods in Solving Constrained Portfolio in Tehran Stock Exchange
Esmat Jamshdi Eyni Hamid KhaloozadehThe optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available assets which aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n ri MoreThe optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available assets which aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n risky share, how to reach certain profits with minimal risk. Such a portfolio, efficient portfolio is called. For this purpose, the study of evolutionary algorithms, Genetic Algorithm, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, also with regard to the basic constraints on the investment, we use these practical methods to solve the portfolio optimization problem. Practical results for the portfolio optimization problem in the Tehran Stock Exchange, of the30 company's active in the industry with the selection of20companies along with their validation, is obtained. Aims to help investors better and more practical to select different stocks and thus is an effective investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Market Structure and Social Costs in Cement Industry: The Case study of Iran
سید شمس الدین حسینی سمیه دودانگهThis paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of T MoreThis paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of The Constitution, it deemed necessary to carry out studies evaluating the viability these corporation exposed to market forces. The rationale behind this new policy was to expedite the divestment process of state owned corporations to private entities as a step to enhance an environment of competitiveness in the economy, and also to promote productivity , social welfare and so forth, As such, this study aims to fill this gap. To delineate the structure of Cement market, techniques such as Concentration index, Hirfindal-Hirshman index, and Entropy (both cases of including not including ownership effect) indexes are used. In the case Entropy including ownership effect, the result shows that over the period under study, the concentration ratio of top four firms were between 74 and 84 percent, and that of Herfindhal-Hirshman index was between 2018 and 2501 unit and Entropy index was between 0.74 and 0.83. In the case Entropy excluding ownership effect, the above observation can not be maintained. To measure social cost inflicted by Cement Industry Activities, Cowling-Mueller Method, was used. Cost function for cement industry (comprising of 10 firms) was estimated in an Integral Data Pattern Format using data covering the period of 2000 to 2007. Then, based on the information, the total cost of above mentioned firms, their price deviation from total cost, and the total welfare costs of the industry as a whole were calculated. The results of above calculations show that the welfare loss resulted from monopoly of these 10 firms, amounts to 44 percent of sale value. Moreover, economics of scale was taken care of while estimating marginal cost and average cost in this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - National Business Ecosystem base Knowledge: Analysis the Role of Universities in Promoting the Competitive Advantage of Businesses
Zahra Mohammadi Nasrabadi Zahra Taleb Entezari Yaghob Esmat Masoudi Nodoshan -
Open Access Article
42 - Analyzing and Drawing the Co-word Map of Competitive Intelligence in First-Level Technical Universities of Tehran
Mandana Yavari Parivash Jafari Nadergholi Gorchian -
Open Access Article
43 - Enhancing the Efficiency of the Technological Innovation Capabilities and Competitiveness of Pharmaceutical Companies by Applying Technology Intelligence Using data Envelopment Analysis
Ali Bonyadi Naeini Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Ali AminiIntroduction: As strategic companies with a competitive nature, pharmaceutical companies have a significant contribution to the country's competitive advantage. Thus, competitiveness has become a challenging and important issue in such companies today. In complex compet MoreIntroduction: As strategic companies with a competitive nature, pharmaceutical companies have a significant contribution to the country's competitive advantage. Thus, competitiveness has become a challenging and important issue in such companies today. In complex competitive environments, just organizations who strengthen their technological innovation capabilities can continue to compete. Technological innovation capabilities utilize the new data and information in the field of technology and needs technology intelligence itself. So, in this research we want to assess the effects of technology intelligence on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness of pharmaceutical companies. Methods: In terms of objectives, this research is practical and descriptive-analytical, and field and library method is used for data gathering. This research's data is extracted from 55 active companies in the pharmaceutical industry and with the help of network data envelopment analysis (DEA) analyzed and efficiency to companies, with and without technology intelligence assessment. Results:In this research it was found that utilizing technology intelligence has a positive effect on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness of these companies and has often increased their efficiency. This study showed that the use of technology intelligence, only 54/34 percent of the companies under investigation received full performance score. Conclusion: The approach of this study was to investigate the role of technology intelligence that was studied and compared. The results show that this role was significant and effective role of technology intelligence on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness to prove. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analyzing the Impact of Technology Intelligence on Competitive Advantage in the Firm (Case Study: Pharmaceutical Companies)
Ali AminiIntroduction: Today, not only is the capability of quick and on time use of information and technological knowledge a big challenge for organizations, but also is the first priority that creates advantage for it. Technology intelligence is the process that provides the MoreIntroduction: Today, not only is the capability of quick and on time use of information and technological knowledge a big challenge for organizations, but also is the first priority that creates advantage for it. Technology intelligence is the process that provides the necessary awareness for decision making in the field of technology and helps in acquiring competitive advantage for the firm by gathering and analyzing information and technological knowledge. Methods: This is a descriptive research and its statistical society is all the Iranian companies in the second Iran Pharma exhibition in Tehran in 1395 (193 companies). The questionnaire of this research was distributed among all the participants in the exhibition and 98 correct questionnaires were received. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software was firstly used to analyze the data and then Smart-PLS software was used for structural equations modeling by least partial squares. Results: The results of this research, technology intelligence had a positive impact (β=0.774) and significant (T=18.742>1.96) on the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical companies. Besides confirming the model, the results show that the technology intelligence variable has been able to take 59.8% of the changes in these companies by a impact coefficient of 0.774. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be said that by utilizing technology intelligence and also its significant positive impact on competitive advantage, one can see the acquisition, improvement, and promotion of competitive advantage in an organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effective Dimensions on Clinical Governance Success (Stimuluses, Enablers, Challenges) in a Private Hospital with Delphi-Fuzzy Approach
zeinab mohammadi hosein didekhaniIntroduction: Different countries have used methods and tools for promotion of health care to date. One of these methods is clinical governance. In this study, effective dimensions on clinical governance were evaluated in the point of view of health managers.Methods: In MoreIntroduction: Different countries have used methods and tools for promotion of health care to date. One of these methods is clinical governance. In this study, effective dimensions on clinical governance were evaluated in the point of view of health managers.Methods: In this qualitative study, a comprehensive model of effective agents on clinical governance was presented by Delphi Fuzzy method. Using literature review and opinion of 30 experts and health managers of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Goragn, and Phalsaphi privet hospital, impaired items on eight dimensions of clinical governance in Phalsaphi hospital were selected, designed as a model and assessed by Fuzzy analysis.Results: According to suggested model, effective dimensions and variables were in three groups including stimuluses, enablers and challenges. The significance level was 8.31 based on the mean of significance level column. According to it, the internal marketing dimension with the highest significance level (10.88) and after that dimensions including education (research and development) and empowering employees with the significance level 10.54 and 10.48, respectively, had the highest effect on clinical governance implementation. The lowest effect on successful implementation of clinical governance was belong to the education dimension with the significance level 2.95. Conclusion: The findings suggest that establishment of clinical governance in studied hospital specially needs strengthen internal marketing, education (research and development) and empowering employees and clinical governance can be used to improve the performance of the treatment centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Marketing Innovation in Medical Service Organizations
Mohammad Jahanifar Ehsaneh Nejad Mohammad Nameghi Abas Asadi Akbar Bahmani Chub bastiIntroduction: What today's organizations to a great extent need so that they can gain a position and competitive advantage in dynamic and complex markets is the ability to produce new, unique and competitive products and services in changing markets. The current researc MoreIntroduction: What today's organizations to a great extent need so that they can gain a position and competitive advantage in dynamic and complex markets is the ability to produce new, unique and competitive products and services in changing markets. The current research seeks to identify and rank the factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations.Methods: Using the Delphi technique, we identified factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations. Factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations were provided to the statistical sample in the form of a questionnaire to measure the agreement of the sample with each of these factors and methods. We ranked the known and verified factors with the help of TOPSIS technique.Results: According to the findings of this project, the factors affecting marketing innovation in service organizations are divided into technological, competitive, political, legal, economic and social respectively.Conclusion: Paying attention to the subject of foresight and long-term thinking and the use of innovation in marketing should be placed on the agenda of the organization. Special attention should be paid to the internal and external environment of the organization and their analysis to select and implement innovative proposals in the organization (corresponding to the prioritization of factors affecting social marketing) and a productive organizational culture that encourages creativity and innovation in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Increasing performance and innovation in medical centers by implementing a competitive strategy
mohamadtaghi amini Hassan Forati Mehdi Haddadzadeh mehrdad parisaiAbstract: Introduction: the problems in the treatment industry have caused a decrease in the innovation and performance of the treatment centers, increased the cost of these centers and increased the recovery time of the patients. The government's attention to t MoreAbstract: Introduction: the problems in the treatment industry have caused a decrease in the innovation and performance of the treatment centers, increased the cost of these centers and increased the recovery time of the patients. The government's attention to this industry and cooperation with competition between these centers can be a solution in this field. The present study aims to identify the impact of this strategy on the innovation and performance of health centers, taking into account the effects of market instability, competition and the effects of medical teams have been made for these factors. Research method: This research is applied and a cross-sectional observational analytical study. Content validity was used to determine validity, and Cronbach's alpha and homogeneity criteria were used to determine reliability. The studied population was 1250 employees and doctors of private hospitals in the south. Sampling method is cluster and data collection is done through questionnaire. The sample size was estimated to be 205 people using Morgan's table and data analysis was done using structural equation modelin. Findings: The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between competitive strategy and innovation and the performance of medical centers Conclusion: While increasing the innovation and performance of medical centers, this strategy helps to reduce costs, increase the quality of services, and reduce the recovery time of patients. The instabilities in the treatment market and the level of competition among hospitals moderate the relationship between the competitive strategy and the innovation of health centers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Dynamics of Competitiveness in Creative and Manufacturing Industries in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) of Pre and Post Crisis
Prima Naomi -
Open Access Article
49 - Absorptive Capability and Competitive Advantage: Some Insights from Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
J. K. Sharma A. K. Singh -
Open Access Article
50 - Impact of Service Quality on Customer Perception: An Empirical Study in India’s Post Office Savings Banking Sector Using SERVQUAL
S. VijayAnand M. Selvaraj -
Open Access Article
51 - Applying Stackelberg Game to Find the Best Price and Delivery Time Policies in Competition between Two Supply Chains
M. Fathian M. Narenji E. Teymoori G. Jalali -
Open Access Article
52 - The Relationship between Organizational Knowledge of Employees and Competitive Power of Capital Bank (Case Study: of Northern Branches of Tehran)
hadi rezghi shirsavar حسین محمد سمسارThe main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between employees' knowledge of knowledge and competency of capital bank (studied in north of Tehran). The purpose of this study is to use applied research and in terms of collecting data, a descript MoreThe main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between employees' knowledge of knowledge and competency of capital bank (studied in north of Tehran). The purpose of this study is to use applied research and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive correlation type is used. The statistical population of the present study consists of 270 employees, managers, and officials of the Northern Branch Bank of Capital in Tehran. The sample size in this study is 160 people (according to Morgan table). In this research, simple random sampling method was used. The tool used in this study was 19 questionnaire of organizational knowledge and 11 questions of competitive ability questionnaire. The research tool has been verified formally. The results of the questionnaires were also calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha higher than 0.7 and confirmed. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between the three components of organizational knowledge and competitive ability. Also, results of structural equation implementation indicated that the highest path coefficient is related to technological capability and competitive power and in the second place structural power with competitive ability and ultimately cultural capability and competitive power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Study World Environmentally Friendly Business Strategies on Export Performance Green
Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani Peyman Ghafari AshtiyaniThis study seeks to examine the current knowledge of the greenhouse gas business strategy on the export performance of green products through a structural model. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Using SPSS software& MoreThis study seeks to examine the current knowledge of the greenhouse gas business strategy on the export performance of green products through a structural model. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Using SPSS software’s and Smart PLS software, the results showed that the variables (physical resources related to green exports, financial resources Related to green exports and green corporate culture) with environmentally sustainable strategies, the negative impact of green management sensitivity on environmentally sustainable strategies, the positive impact of green competitive advantage on green export performance as well as the positive impact of green competitive advantage and consistent strategies The environment has a green export function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of market sensibility on company performance with mediating role of innovation capability and brand management system
Ali Akbar Khademi Ehsan Badri Hanieh FarazandehAccording to competitiveness of the market in today's world, for an active and continuous presence in the field of competition, companies need to pay more attention to their performance and the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect MoreAccording to competitiveness of the market in today's world, for an active and continuous presence in the field of competition, companies need to pay more attention to their performance and the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of market sensing capability on company performance with the mediating role of innovation capability and brand management system and the moderating role of market dynamics and intensity of competition among employees of Iran Khodro Automotive Company in Tehran. This study is practical in view of purpose and according to collection data method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study is finite population and include the statistical population of this study is limited and includes the employees of Iran Khodro car dealerships in Tehran. The Sample size according to Cochran formula is obtained 384 with simple random sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by experts and its reliability has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data structural equation modeling and PLS software have been used. The results show that market sensitivity has a positive and significant effect on Innovation capability. Market sensitivity has positive significant effect on brand management system. Market sensitivity has a positive significant effect on company performance. Innovative capabilities have a positive significant effect on the brand management system. Innovation ability has a positive significant effect on company performance. Brand management system has a positive significant effect on firm performance. Innovative capability on the relationship between market sensitivity and market capability has a mediating role. Brand management system has a mediating role on the relationship between market sensitivity and performance. Market dynamics has a moderating role on the ability of innovation to affect company performance. Market dynamics affects the relationship of brand management system to the firm's performance. The intensity of competition on the relationship between the capability of innovation and the performance of the company has a moderating role. The intensity of competition on the relationship between the brand management system and the firm's performance is modest. This research is valuable because companies with superior sensor capabilities not only maintain product costs and develop new services, but can also accelerate the development process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Identification and ranking of effective factors in competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market using fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making techniques
somayeh Hozouri Mohammad ail abdolvandThe main objective of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market in the commercial and export companies. The method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive, survey an MoreThe main objective of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market in the commercial and export companies. The method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive, survey and correlation nature. The statistical population of this research was Q (230), using random sampling method. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.86, which indicates a high level of reliability. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Spearman test and T-test using Spss software and other relevant tests, which are described in detail in this study, were analyzed to identify each of the components and sub-components To make The results indicate that this research consists of 4 main components of environmental factors (with 3 questions), internal agent (with 7 questions), resource-based approach (with 4 questions), factor of production capacity (with 3 questions) And a total of 17 sub-criteria. By using the fuzzy tops is method and designing a specific questionnaire, effective factors of competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market of food industry were ranked and prioritized. Finally, among the 17 existing subsets of "customer orientation", "consumer trends", "ability Firm in Product Marketing "and" Competitive Power "ranked highest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Market Orientation on Innovation in Esfarayne Bank's Saderat Bank Services
saeed mehri Ghadire Mehri imani maliheBackground and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of market orientation on innovation in the services of Saderat Bank in Esfarayen. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of all the official staff employ MoreBackground and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of market orientation on innovation in the services of Saderat Bank in Esfarayen. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of all the official staff employed in the branches of Saderat Bank, Esfarayn, 240. According to the Morgan-Krejcy table (1972), 138 people were selected as a simple random sampling. In this research, two standard Nursing and Slater market orientation questionnaires (1990) and service innovation, a combination of Jimnz-Jimens and others (2008), Pennies (2006), Pyrago and Sochell (2006) quotes Chopani (2011) is used. Descriptive statistics (demographic information) and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Regarding the distance-numerical variables of the research, on the other hand, the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for inferential tests of the research was linear regression test. Conclusion: The results showed that market orientation and its components (customer orientation, Competitivism, responsiveness and customer satisfaction) have a positive and significant effect on the innovation of banking services. In this regard, the role of the component of competition is the highest and the component of customer orientation is the least. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigation Of The Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility In Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage By Enhancing Saipa Group’s Intellectual Capital
Elham Samadzadeh kambiz heidarzadehAbstract The main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view MoreAbstract The main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view because it influences intellectual capital as a large part of intangible resources, which is valuable, rare, inimitable and irreplaceable assets of the firms, can create sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. This study that in terms of aim is descriptive, and in terms of path is applied, survey research and of the correlative type, Using a five-point Likert-type scale, was performed on 208 senior managers of Saipa Group’s firms who were selected through Simple Random Sampling. In analyzing the data, inferential statistics topics including structural equation modeling that includes confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis was used. Based on the results of testing research hypothesis, that there is a direct relationship between corporate social responsibility, intellectual capital and sustainable competitive advantage, the main research question was positively answered. Thus, it can be deduced that Saipa Group’s firms that form population of this study, with CSR implementation were able to effectively manage and enhance their intellectual capital and make themselves differentiate among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Studying the Effect of Marketing Capabilities on Competitive Advantages and Commercial Performance of Insurance Companies (A Comparative Study of Social Security Insurance and Health Services)
Mahmoud Jafarpour Elnaz Nabizadeh Mamani Mohadeseh Dehghan ChachkamiHaving severely required the insured institutions to gain competitive advantage, the present study is to pursue a relationship between marketing capabilities and competitive advantages with the organizational performance. The study is of applied in nature and in terms o MoreHaving severely required the insured institutions to gain competitive advantage, the present study is to pursue a relationship between marketing capabilities and competitive advantages with the organizational performance. The study is of applied in nature and in terms of purpose, it is a quantitative study in terms of data collection, and that is a sort of exploratory research based on the findings. The statistical population of the research is the personnel of the social security branches and health services of Qom province; simple random sampling is regarded as sampling procedure of the research in progress. To explore fit measurement models, the researcher has made a use of Cronbach's alpha, CR, and AVE. To determine the fit structural models, significant coefficients Z and standard R2 were utilized, as well. In the current research, three hypotheses were tested each of which by a help of path coefficients and significant coefficients Z via statistical software PLS and SPSS. The Findings of tests indicated that the model variables in given samples in health services branches have higher values than that of social security, and are in a relevant manner. Consequently, it found out that investing in the identification and implementing the capabilities in the organization presents a more desirable outcome than the social security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - An Analysis of Factors Affecting to Sport Marketing Attitudes in Sport Boards Managers of Markazi Province
mohsen esmaeili shamsoddin rezaei Tahmasb ShirvaniNowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which requires proper performance in marketing scope. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards marketing as MoreNowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which requires proper performance in marketing scope. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards marketing as a preface to carry out operational activities. The statistical population of the study was consist of all board of directors of sport boards of Markazi province as well as managers and staffs who works as experts at Markazi Sports and Youth organization and it's sub branches. Total numbers of population were considered as samples and 104 researcher-made questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire was containing of 47 questions. The reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha (0.94) and university professors and experts confirmed the validity. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov Smirnov test, T single-group, Friedman, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations) were used by 22nd version of and Smart Plus software. The results identified eight factors that were named in accordance with the nature of the research as follow: performance assess, pricing, competitiveness, program and goal, human resources, market attitude (environment), marketing strategy, customer orienting. The results showed that the mean of all factors was higher than average. The overall measurement results of the model, such as the Goodness Fitness Index (GOD), were indicative of the suitability of the proposed model. It is recommended to directors of Sport boards to pay special attention to these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Interplay of Strategic and Green Marketing Orientation on Competitive Advantage
Leila Aliarabi Seyed Abbas KazemiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between strategic green marketing orientation and internal green marketing on competitive advantage in Barij Essence. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of purpose and its method. The statistical p MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between strategic green marketing orientation and internal green marketing on competitive advantage in Barij Essence. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of purpose and its method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the staff of Barij Esen Company in 1397, which was 551 according to Cochran's formula. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire developed by a local researcher containing 37 questions. The items were based on a five-point Likert scale. Formal validity was approved by a number of respondents and content validity was confirmed by a number of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated using Smart PLS software, which was calculated above 0.7 to assess validity and reliability. The results show that the positive effect of strategic green marketing orientation on competitive advantage is higher when the tendency to internal green marketing is higher. Also, corporate social responsibility and stakeholder environmental pressures affect the orientation towards strategic green marketing. The trend towards strategic green marketing has a positive effect on competitive advantage and also has a positive effect on financial performance through competitive advantage. The limitation of the research is the use of questionnaires and data collection in a period of time. Research innovation has been in research variables that have paid enough attention to the role of strategic green marketing and internal green marketing with employee targeting. In general, it provided strategies to managers of organizations to improve the effectiveness of green strategic marketing and individuals, which creates a competitive advantage, which in turn increases financial performance and thus provides the exchange of tacit knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effects of social media marketing on online customer behavior Saderat Bank of Bushehr City
Jahangir Dashti Ali Akbar MirzaeeNetworks and social media have become a powerful force in shaping business. Because they have strengthened mouth-to-mouth marketing and quickly become more important in customer purchasing decisions. Marketing through social networks requires the creation, maintenance a MoreNetworks and social media have become a powerful force in shaping business. Because they have strengthened mouth-to-mouth marketing and quickly become more important in customer purchasing decisions. Marketing through social networks requires the creation, maintenance and promotion of, and, if necessary, termination of communication with customers, so that the goals of both parties involved in the relationship are provided. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social media marketing on the behavior of online banking customers. In terms of purpose, this research is a part of applied research, in terms of the characteristics of the descriptive research component, in terms of data collection as part of survey research and in terms of the method of implementation, is a correlation research. The statistical population of the research is employees and customers of Saderat Bank of Bushehr which 190 employees and 384 of them were selected as Nominee by random sampling method. The data gathering tool in this study is two social media marketing questionnaires and the standard questionnaire of Lemont Online Customer Loyalty Pattern (2006). Validity of the questionnaire was approved by the supervisor and consultant. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained to confirm the reliability of more than 0.7. In order to analyze the hypotheses, the field analysis using the Amos software has been used. The results showed that affective approaches in social media marketing, the effectiveness of activity in social media marketing and competitive dynamics in social media marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on online customer behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the Impact of Market Orientation on Innovation Strategies
faranak khodayari Behnaz Khodayari فاطمه نوریToday, in order to survive and achieve more success, organizations need to take advantage of these strategies to improve their competitive advantage. However, they have insufficient understanding of how to use this asset to improve market performance and, ultimately, ha MoreToday, in order to survive and achieve more success, organizations need to take advantage of these strategies to improve their competitive advantage. However, they have insufficient understanding of how to use this asset to improve market performance and, ultimately, have no competitive advantage. Research The present paper seeks to investigate the effect of market orientation on innovation strategies at Tehran Bourn Company. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research includes all personnel and experts in Tehran Bourn Company. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 174 people and the method of sampling was simple random. The research data were collected using library and field method and the tools used in the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.866) and the validity of the tool was confirmed by content method. Data were analyzed using statistical software, descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and PLS software’s. The results of this research indicate that the impact of customer orientation and competitiveness on exploratory innovation has been positive. Moreover, the results show that the client Orbital and competing have a positive and significant impact on gradual innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigate the Relationship between Talent Management, Product Market Competition and Intellectual Capital
ali habibi arezo ziyariIn the present study, the researcher examined the relationship between talent management, product market competition and intellectual capital. In this way; 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected for a five-year period from the beginning of 2014 MoreIn the present study, the researcher examined the relationship between talent management, product market competition and intellectual capital. In this way; 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected for a five-year period from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2018 through systematic sampling and the necessary data were extracted and the hypotheses developed were tested. The present research method is descriptive-correlational and its design is experimental using post-event approach. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression was used, which was based on panel data and a combination of cross-sectional and temporal series, which used statistical and econometric methods to examine the effect of independent variable on dependent variable. After going through the above steps; it was concluded that between talent management and product market competition; there is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and competition in the product market; there is a positive and significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Providing a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran
Reyhaneh Naghshzan Khajouie Mehdi Salimi Rasool NazariThe purpose of the present study was to provide a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran. The research methodology was performed in terms of quality, process strategy and the objective was applied. The statistical population was selected to consist of human commun MoreThe purpose of the present study was to provide a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran. The research methodology was performed in terms of quality, process strategy and the objective was applied. The statistical population was selected to consist of human community 1. Senior sport managers and experts in sport management and sport tourism, and 2. University professors in sport management and marketing. The statistical sample was sampled and questioned in a number of capability-based theoretical saturated content (23 and 61 documents). Based on theoretical saturation and you will be considered. Research tools included systematic library study and the exploratory interview structure. The validity of tools using qualitative narrative methods was evaluated at a desirable level. The method of conceptual coding and frameworks were used for analyze the data according Corbin and Strauss approach. The conceptual framework for sporting events in Iran includes eight general areas: event characteristics, event brand capability, event branding, event marketing, event innovation, event brand performance, event competitive advantage and event brand value. The conceptual model derived from the code framework was mapped as a process system from event attribute and event brand capability to event brand value. The framework presented in this research provides an understanding of the dimensions of the event brand based on its relation to a set of event activities. Based on this framework, it can provide an objective assessment of the level of management activities at each sporting event and provide scientific information on the appropriate actions that sports organizations must take to branding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigating the Relationship between Financing Constraints and Competition in the Product Market and Customer Focus in Automotive Companies Listed On the Tehran Stock Exchange
Seyyed Alireza Mosavi mitra ghasemi panahIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between financing constraints with competition in the product market and customer focus in automotive companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research has been done by descriptive MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between financing constraints with competition in the product market and customer focus in automotive companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research has been done by descriptive-correlation method with applied nature in 2020. The statistical population includes car companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size is 35 and the sampling method has been done by systematic removal. The tools used in this research are reports published by the stock exchange, stock exchange monthly, modern savings software, Sahra and Dena and audit reports, financial statements and the web portal of the Society of Certified Public Accountants. Manna test, Pearson correlation and linear regression were analyzed. In this study, two hypotheses were proposed. In the first hypothesis, the relationship between financing constraints and competition in the product market was examined, and in the second hypothesis, the relationship between financing constraints with customer focus was examined. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Designing a competitive advantage model with an emphasis on brand identity based on foundational data theory in the apparel industry
Iman Akhbarati Fariz Taherikia Seyed mehdi jalaliConsidering the competitive intensity in the clothing industry and the presence of foreign brands in the Iranian clothing market, it is necessary to pay more attention to the principle of competitive advantage to increase the competitiveness of domestic companies. This MoreConsidering the competitive intensity in the clothing industry and the presence of foreign brands in the Iranian clothing market, it is necessary to pay more attention to the principle of competitive advantage to increase the competitiveness of domestic companies. This research was done with the aim of designing a competitive advantage model with an emphasis on brand identity in the clothing industry. The statistical population includes 15 experts and managers of clothing manufacturing companies who were selected in a non-random way. The main tool of data collection is semi-structured in-depth interview. After confirming the reliability and validity of the interviews, a qualitative analysis method with a data base approach was used using MAXQDA software. Coding has been done in three stages: open, central and selective coding. Based on the obtained paradigm model, the components related to competitive advantage with emphasis on brand identity in the apparel industry in six categories of causal factors (brand identity and competitiveness factors), background conditions (product and service advantage), central phenomenon (competitive advantage), strategies (company planning), intervening conditions (competition management factors) and consequences (brand loyalty, brand identity, brand orientation and market share) were identified Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigation of the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage by Enhancing Saipa Group’s Intellectual Capital
K. Heidarzadeh E. SamadzadehThe main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. Strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view because i MoreThe main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. Strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view because it influences intellectual capital as a large part of intangible resources, which is valuable, rare, inimitable and irreplaceable assets of the firms, can create sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. This study is an applied research in terms of aim and is a descriptive, survey and correlation research in terms of method, using a five-point Likert-type scale, was performed on 208 senior managers of Saipa Group’s firms who were selected through Simple Random Sampling. In data analysis, inferential statistics topics including structural equation modeling that includes confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used. Based on the results of testing research hypothesis, that there is a direct relationship between corporate social responsibility, intellectual capital and sustainable competitive advantage, the main research question was positively answered. Thus, it can be deduced that Saipa Group’s firms that form population of this study, with CSR implementation were able to effectively manage and enhance their intellectual capital and make themselves differentiate among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Investigation of competitive Intelligence from the Entrepreneurs` Perspective (Structural Equation Modeling Approach)
P. Ghaffari Ashtiyani R. Choobandian M. ZargaranBased on their outstanding and excellent features, entrepreneurs are able to provide necessary resources in business competitiveness, growth and development and also to deliver quality products and services through the analysis of competitive environment. The research a MoreBased on their outstanding and excellent features, entrepreneurs are able to provide necessary resources in business competitiveness, growth and development and also to deliver quality products and services through the analysis of competitive environment. The research aims at investigation of competitive intelligence from the entrepreneurs` perspective. The study deals with how behaviors are influenced by market orientation and entrepreneurial attitude and the entrepreneurs’ competitiveness. The study sample includes 412 entrepreneurs of 4th national festival superior entrepreneurs from whom 258 completed questionnaires are obtained. Data analysis is undertaken employing LISREL software under windows environment. The hypotheses testing results show that there is a positive and significant relation between the model hidden variables. The structural equation findings reveal that market orientation and entrepreneurship attitude have effects on the scope and frequency of competitive intelligence scanning behaviors. Accordingly, the entrepreneurs with high level of market orientation and entrepreneurship attitudes tend to scan wider scope of competitive intelligence with higher frequency and this means that their effective attempts are maximized in some companies which value the competitive intelligence. On the other hand, utilizing the competitive intelligence, the entrepreneurs achieve a competitive advantage which other competitors lack and also they obtain more comprehensive understanding in relation to strengths and weak nesses of themeselves and competitors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Designing Structural Equation Model of Competitiveness in Level of Departments of Insurance Companies in Tehran
M. R. Abbasi H. RahimiKoloorIn the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy makers at different levels. In this paper we first review the research background, and study the factors affecting competitiveness. Then, using the confirmatory factor MoreIn the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy makers at different levels. In this paper we first review the research background, and study the factors affecting competitiveness. Then, using the confirmatory factor analysis technique, we identify a set of indices affecting competitiveness; classify them in three main indices (Environmental, Inter-organizational and Creating Perceptual Values Factors) and in the next stage, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) the kind of relationship between new structure and indices affecting the competitiveness is studied so that while explaining conceptual model of competitiveness, the competitiveness domestic model is presented .The present study data has been collected from the insurance companies based in Tehran from among a 138 insurance expert. To analyze the data, we have used Lisrel software. The results of the research modified model have identified the factor creating conceptual value of the first importance. These results show that inter-organizational and environmental factors are of the next level of importance. Hence, the proposed model in this study has been different from its theoretical model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The relationship between Product Market Competition and Earnings Management: Evidence from Discretionary Accruals
Jamal Bahri Sales Asgar Pakmaram Ghodrat GhaderiCompetition mechanized infrastructure as a company is that the company's ability to create any shocks cost to customers, reduce volatility of cash flows and thus reducing the need to manipulate earnings. The present experimental study is based on previous studies Laksma MoreCompetition mechanized infrastructure as a company is that the company's ability to create any shocks cost to customers, reduce volatility of cash flows and thus reducing the need to manipulate earnings. The present experimental study is based on previous studies Laksmana and colleagues (2014), Lerner indices, Lerner adjusted and Herfindahl Hirschmn with the accruals earnings management (management accounting profit) evaluate. The study population consisted of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2014 and study data consisted of 816 years of the company. The method of Solidarity and test hypotheses, multivariate linear regression. The results showed that the index of product market competition (Lerner index) and third (Lerner adjusted index) had a significant relationship with management accounting profit. Also, the Herfindahl Hirschmn index significant relationship was observed with earnings management through accruals Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigating the impact of quality management standards on profitability indicators of Tehran Stock Exchange
razieh hashemian Hamidreza Vakili fard Mohsen HamidianThe aim of this research is experimentally test the role of compliance with international business standards in improving business processes and company performance, based on the theory of quality management. Does the higher competitiveness and efficiency of the company MoreThe aim of this research is experimentally test the role of compliance with international business standards in improving business processes and company performance, based on the theory of quality management. Does the higher competitiveness and efficiency of the company have an effect or not? The statistical population of the current research is the Tehran Stock Exchange. Through screening, 167 companies selected as the research sample (1670 years-companies). The test of the hypotheses of the research has been done using the multiple linear regression method using the least squares method. The results of the experimental test of the research show that. The independent variable of compliance with international business standards has a direct and significant effect on the market value, the company's competitiveness and the company's efficiency. According to this research, it can be concluded that the financial behavior of companies active in the Iranian stock market is influenced by compliance with international business standards in the field of quality management, and the above standards (environmental standards, quality of services and products, human resources, energy, social activities, customer satisfaction) in Iran have the necessary effectiveness and efficiency and lead to the improvement of financial performance, value creation and efficiency of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The impact of competitive environment and organizational measures on management accounting practices and organizational performance
Asgar Pakmaram Neda RezaeiToday's business environment is rapidly changing and competitive. These changes are largely in the business environment in which the organization operates there. The prior studies show that both internal and external factors lead to a change in management accounting pra MoreToday's business environment is rapidly changing and competitive. These changes are largely in the business environment in which the organization operates there. The prior studies show that both internal and external factors lead to a change in management accounting practices in the organization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the competitive environment and organizational factors on management accounting practices and organizational performance. Internal factors and external factors studied the structure and strategy of the competitive environment and advanced manufacturing technology. Manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are research society.The results showing changes in the competitive environment with changes in structure and strategy is a positive and significant relationship and Change in strategy also led to a change in the management accounting system.Structural model showed a significant relationship between organizational strategy and management accounting practices and structures that will lead to increased organizational performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Designing a cost control system to increase competitiveness in construction projects based on the integration of PFABC and tc
Hossein Toosi Arezou ChamikarpourThe main purpose of the present research is to use new costing methods in construction projects to reduce and control the amount of cost deviations and some limitations in the common methods of cost management in projects. In competitive or highly uncertain projects, it MoreThe main purpose of the present research is to use new costing methods in construction projects to reduce and control the amount of cost deviations and some limitations in the common methods of cost management in projects. In competitive or highly uncertain projects, it is not possible to control the momentum of the project's profit and loss, and, it is not possible to accurately identify the activities causing profit or loss and the extent of their impact on these results.After a literature review, a method developed to control the momentum of direct and overhead costs of the project during its progress. An interview was conducted with 26 financial managers in construction companies during 2 to 4 times using goal-oriented and bullet-proof methods from June 2016 to May 2017 with the aim of validating and modifying the method. According to a semi-structured interview analysis, the proposed method contributed to increasing the precision, certainty, traceability of overhead costs that is about 10 to 35 percent, and provided the integrity of the financial, technical and operational system. It also facilitates rooted deviations, and reduces costs by considering Activity-driven Competitive and strategic conditions. It's also limiting the target cost of working packs and causing an alarm on the completion of each department's budget and analyze its reasons, allowing for control of budget deviations. Also, according to Friedman test, there is a meaningful competitive ability compared to the conventional cost control method in the projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Role of Accounting Department in Outsourcing Decision-Making (Case Study: Yazd Textile Industry)
شهناز نایب زاده علی مروتی شریف آبادی مریم گلشنThe aim of the present research is The Role of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about Outsourcing in companies that activate in Textile industry in Yazd. The modelof this research has been formed with using variables, intensity of competition, firm size, firmper MoreThe aim of the present research is The Role of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about Outsourcing in companies that activate in Textile industry in Yazd. The modelof this research has been formed with using variables, intensity of competition, firm size, firmperformance, cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy as independent variable andparticipation level of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about Outsourcing asdependent variable. This research is applied research according to the purpose of research andAccording to research method is descriptive correlation. Required data is collected by usingquestionnaires and survey methodology. The statistical population of this research has beenactive companies in the textile industry in the city of Yazd and was used from Stratifiedsampling to select the sample and collected 175 acceptable samples. Data analysis wasaccomplished with using Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman. Research resultsshow that there are a significant relationship between intensity of competition and the firmsize with participation level of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about outsourcingand that there are not a significant relationship between, corporate performance, costleadership strategy and differentiation strategy with participation of Accounting Departmentin Decision-Making about Outsourcing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Cost Management Strategies And Making Competitive Advantage (a comparative study: target costing and quality costing)
Jamadverdi Gorganli Dooji1 Naghi FazeliOrganizations have been formed in a complicated political, economical, social andtechnical environment. Their development is by very nature dependant on achievingtheir goals & approaches. Creating & protecting their competitive advantage in suchan environment in MoreOrganizations have been formed in a complicated political, economical, social andtechnical environment. Their development is by very nature dependant on achievingtheir goals & approaches. Creating & protecting their competitive advantage in suchan environment in national and international levels has been introduced as acomponent effective in an organization’s survival & continual. Nowadays, thecustomers demand their services and essential Goods in their lowest price, fastdelivering and best quality. Due to the existence of various products and suppliers.The organizations managers have been trying to achieve these goals i.e reducing costof goods & services, improving quality and their fast delivering in interaction withcustomers value. considering the environment condition dominant on economicinstitution. Managing & balance-making among 3-above mentioned factors is on ofthe most controversial issues in strategic management. It has been introduced as a keyfactor to continue its activities in business. On the other hand, the recent changes i.elaissez-faire, flourishing of stock exchange and changing the interest-rate to thebalanced-rate are example to make different issues posed in cost managementsignificant. Since any measure to reduce cost of goods production and services candirectly have an impact on stock price in stock exchange. The main aim of this studyis to state cost management & its modern techniques focusing on target costing,quality costing, their roles in making competitive advantage & organization againstbeing effective from competitors in business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The influence of competitive environment and business strategies on the relationship between firm's financial leverage and performance
فرزین رضایی حامد عازمThis study is concerned to investigate the influence of competitive environmentand business strategies on the relationship between firm's financial leverage andperformance.135 firms listed in TSE as samples during 1381-1388 were selected.Results corroborate not only the MoreThis study is concerned to investigate the influence of competitive environmentand business strategies on the relationship between firm's financial leverage andperformance.135 firms listed in TSE as samples during 1381-1388 were selected.Results corroborate not only there were negative and significant relation but alsoindustrial competitive intensity and business strategy had an influence significantly.These influences on firms with cost leadership strategy were further than firms withproduct differentiation strategy. Furthermore impact of industrial competitiveintensity on relationship between financial leverage &performance was positivelysignificant. Generally, firms with product differentiation strategy and active in highcompetitive intensity environment have the most impact on the relationship betweenfinancial leverage & performance. Meanwhile, other pair as to strategy andcompetitiveness had less impact on that relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Effect of Product Market Competition on Tax Compliance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Alireza Ma’toufi Faezeh DehghanianCompetition in product market is very likely the most powerful force leading economy of the world toward efficiency in the world which can impact behavior of lack of financial compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate product market competition on tax compliance MoreCompetition in product market is very likely the most powerful force leading economy of the world toward efficiency in the world which can impact behavior of lack of financial compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate product market competition on tax compliance of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research product market competition is used as the independent variable and tax compliance which is used as the dependent variable. The research in was conducted on the Stock Exchange companies during 2011-2016. The logistic regression model and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant negative correlation between product market competition and tax compliance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Effect of Companies' Technological Competitive Capabilities on Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Test of Resource-Based View
Reza Shirani Saber Molaalizadeh Zavardehi Allah Karam SalehiPurpose: The development of knowledge and advancement in technology has brought about a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the performance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. Many companies h MorePurpose: The development of knowledge and advancement in technology has brought about a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the performance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. Many companies have taken full advantage of the opportunity to advance their technology to increase their competitiveness, thereby trying to gain a significant competitive advantage over other competitors. The Purpose of this research is Effect of Companies' Technological Competitive Capabilities on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Methedology: This research in terms of purpose, It is applied in terms of data collection method of quasi-experimental and post-event research in the field of positive accounting research using data envelopment analysis method, the technology-centric capability variable was first measured. The statistical population studied in this study consisted of knowledge-based companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2019 and 76 companies were selected and surveyed based on systematic screening. Finding: The result of testing the research hypothesis is that technological competitiveness has a negative and significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Conclusion: This result, based on the theory-based theory of resource theory test, reflects the fact that, by focusing on technology capacity, companies are able to turn research and development information resources into a competitive advantage in the production of innovative products. Hypocrites with higher returns on performance will be less likely to report fraudulently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Social Responsibility Impacts on Organizational Performance and Competitive Advantages with Mediating Role of Environmental Supplier Development (Case Study: Manufacturing Firms of Qazvin)
zahra aminafshar mohsen hooshangiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of manufacturing organizations with regard the mediating role of environmental supplier development. This study includes 8 industrial parks of Qazvin province with MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of manufacturing organizations with regard the mediating role of environmental supplier development. This study includes 8 industrial parks of Qazvin province with the 93 sample of manufacturers. This research is based on the structural equation modeling and for the analysis of the collected data we applied partial least squares method. There are 9 hypotheses that the analysis revealed that corporate social responsibility has positive and meaningful impact on environmental supplier development dimensions except supplier evaluation. Also, the related hypotheses to company performance indicate that there are positive relation among environmental supplier development dimensions and financial and competitive advantages, but just supplier evaluation has not positive effect on financial performance of companies. The findings of this study revealed that even though company’s social responsibility is costly and time consuming, but at least in the long time will have a significant impact on performance and community reputation of organizations. The results of this study encourage organizations managers to adhere to their social responsibility towards society and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Metaphysical Priority of Cooperation over Competition
Mohsen Jamalimehr babak abbasi reza naderlooThe understanding of diversity and relation between biological individuals are the first issue of environments observations. This leads to offer evolutionary theories for explaining those facts since ancient till now. The cooperation between individuals with their envir MoreThe understanding of diversity and relation between biological individuals are the first issue of environments observations. This leads to offer evolutionary theories for explaining those facts since ancient till now. The cooperation between individuals with their environments was the basic idea of explanations in the history before Darwinian approaches. But Darwin offered his idea on base of a political economic theory which emphasis on competition between agents in economical activities. So the competition between biological entities is the foundation of Darwinian idea and any cooperation between entities in his approach explain away by consideration a competition between next level entities. On the other hand, there was not a well form and sound heredity theory in his time too. That’s why the Darwinian evolutionary theory faced some problems for explanation of some biological facts as same as others. Both of the cooperation and competition approaches alone could not explain the biological facts completely and coherently. It looks that while the basic relation between any biological individuals are cooperation with their environments, there are some race between almost same individuals for cooperation with their environments too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Counteract between powre, policy and geography in important straits of the world
Nasrin Khaniha Zahra Pishgahi FardWe have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to ca MoreWe have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to capital and market is important factor of world new order and itdepends on sea lanes and important straits. Therefore, main security concern,especially in relation to opponents, requires precise strategic consideration forconfrontation with trade wars. Thus, this issue is reason for what cold warconsiderations are invalided and new problems are posed in front of countries.Alongside with ever-growing importance of maritime trade, international straits alsohave special position in sea new geopolitics. Although important straits had key role inpast too, but currently they are important economically. This issue in time after coldwar is reason which reduces importance of some straits and gives some other straitsspecial importance due to position that they have in world trade routes.This research along with considering changes made in meaning and context ofstrategic straits in two geopolitical periods, tries to analyze effects of policies andpowers on these straits. Results yielded from this issue indicate that Indian Ocean andits important straits due to key role that they play in maritime trade, they are veryimportant and this is reason of competition between world powers in these straits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Position, Dimensions and Realization of Urban Competitiveness in Urban Management
Fatemehalsadat Afsahhosseini Hossein Zabihi Laala jahanshahlooThe goal of the concept of competitiveness is somewhat specific and is overcome to other competitors. Due to the contemporary phenomena of globalization and information and communication, the importance of paying attention to the issue of urban competitiveness is eviden MoreThe goal of the concept of competitiveness is somewhat specific and is overcome to other competitors. Due to the contemporary phenomena of globalization and information and communication, the importance of paying attention to the issue of urban competitiveness is evident. Competitiveness has different components. The purpose of the present research is to focus on the spatial components of urban competitiveness in order to provide it to urban managers. After determining the hypotheses using the structural equation model, with the partial least squares approach, the fitting of the model is performed by Smart PLS software to realization the hypotheses. To analyze the collected data from 110 people as a statistical population, descriptive statistics and then inferential statistics are presented first. The whole research hypothesis is confirmed. Also, research theory is: Urban competitiveness can be enhanced with people's participation and information and communication technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The effect of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city.
maziyar kohzadichegeni mohamad taherirozbahaniThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city. The method used in this research was a descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose and from the field branch. The statistical population studied was the customers of Snowa refrigerator in the city of Arak, whose number is one of the unlimited communities. Using Cochran's sample size formula, 384 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In this research, the standard questionnaires of Kanter's innovative behavior (1988), Hersey and Goldsmith's organizational performance (1981), Abbasi's customer relationship management (2008) and Lee et al.'s competitive advantage (2006) were used. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha was calculated, which indicated the satisfactory reliability of the questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum score, and structural equations were used in the inferential statistics section using SPSS version 21 and PLS3 software. The results indicate that innovative behavior has a positive and direct effect on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Enterprise Resource Planning Selection based on a Preference Voting and Data Envelopment Analysis
Mohhamad Reza Shahriari -
Open Access Article
85 - Assessment Competitiveness Social and Environmental of urban (Case study: provinces of the country)
Hossein Nazmfar Ali Eshgi Saredeh AlaviIntroduction: Now competitiveness is a central issue in the world and the use of it, as a tool, is mentioned to achieve sustainable development. Many researchers consider the economic competitiveness equals success, but urban competitiveness should be examined from a br MoreIntroduction: Now competitiveness is a central issue in the world and the use of it, as a tool, is mentioned to achieve sustainable development. Many researchers consider the economic competitiveness equals success, but urban competitiveness should be examined from a broader perspective on aspects of economic and non-economic aspects in addition to the stress of urban life. Due to the vacuum in the field of research aimed at evaluating and ranking states are conducted with an emphasis on social and environmental dimensions. Material and Methods: This study uses 36 indicators of social and environmental dimension to urban competitiveness evaluation techniques using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). Methods the study population consisted of descriptive analysis of all the provinces in 1390. The models used to analyze the data and SAW HAVE eventually integrated Kandrst technique and competitiveness was divided to 5 groups can be very high, high, moderate, low and very low. To find the coefficients of each indicator used is the Shannon entropy. Results and Discussion: Based on Kandrst mode, the provinces terms of social and environmental indicators of urban competitiveness, there are wide differences. So that the difference between Tehran Province (ranked first) with a score of 30 and Semnan (bottom) with a score of 25, was too high (55) and this gap is caused by an imbalance in land use. Final ranking shows that Tehran, Tehran, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan and Khorasan Razavi is very high competitiveness and regions in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer, Ardabil, Yazd, Golestan, Semnan Bakhtiari and competitiveness can be very low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Determination of the Optimum Plot Size to Study the Spatial Patterns of Juniperus Excelsa Trees (Case study: Atashgah, Karaj)
Vahid Alijani Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi Manouchehr Namiranian Reza AkhavanBackground and Objective: In recent years, new methods have been developed for analyzing spatial pattern of trees, and for verifying the spatial pattern, they need to complete map of spatial location of these trees. The use of these methods depends on study scale in a w MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, new methods have been developed for analyzing spatial pattern of trees, and for verifying the spatial pattern, they need to complete map of spatial location of these trees. The use of these methods depends on study scale in a way that changes in study scale cause changes in spatial pattern. In this regard, present study aims to determine the optimum area of sample plots to quantify the spatial pattern of Juniperus Excelsa M. Beib. In southern facing slopes of Alborz mountains. Method: A plot with area of six hectares was selected and spatial pattern of trees were evaluated by using g(r) function. In next step, area of plot decreased to five, four, three, two, and one hectare and spatial pattern of trees were determined by using g(r) function and were compared with six hectare plot. Findings: The results of this function indicates regular spatial pattern in trees distances to four meter, cluster pattern at distances of six to ten meter, and random pattern shows in other distances. The results of comparing figures of g(r) functions in different area showed that the overall trend of this functions almost constant up to three hectares. Hence, in this study the appropriate area is achieved three hectares. Discussion and Conclusion: It should be noted that in structure studies to determine the best area of plot could reduce time and costs while increasing the precision of the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Analysis of the Physical-Spatial Resilience Pattern Affected by Environmental Hazards in Tehran Metropolis (Case study: Comparative Analysis between of Regions 2 and 12)
Karim Hosainzadeh dalir elahe bigdeli Bakhtyar EzatpanahBackground and Objective: In Academic literature has recently emphasized that why urban resilience is different from urban sustainability. Urban policymakers, on the other hand, use the terms almost interchangeably. In this study by analyzing the pattern of physical-spa MoreBackground and Objective: In Academic literature has recently emphasized that why urban resilience is different from urban sustainability. Urban policymakers, on the other hand, use the terms almost interchangeably. In this study by analyzing the pattern of physical-spatial resilience; Factors affecting environmental hazards such as earthquakes, subsidence, etc. are studied in areas 2 and 12 of Tehran. Material and Methodology: This study is an applied research that has been done with case-analysis method and quantitative approach. Due to the nature of the data is descriptive. To achieve the objectives of research and analysis of physical-spatial resilience pattern affected by environmental hazards in Tehran metropolis including subsidence and earthquake, the dimensions studied in 13 indicators including base price (square meters), material, construction year, building age, building skeleton, number of floors , Degree of concentration or dispersion of residential land use, grain size, permeability, total area of uses (green and open space) and area of residential land use in spatial and physical part) and (degree of concentration or dispersion of population, residential clusters and open and green spaces for population based The majority of residents in the neighborhoods were extracted for the geographical direction of population distribution in the social sector (based on land use studies of the current situation). To evaluate and analyze spatial and social patterns, the colonial competition algorithm in Matlab a2019 software environment and to spatialize the studied indicators, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) in the network analysis process (Network Analyst Tools) in ArcGIS software environment has been used. Findings: Due to the location of District 12 in the historical context and the concentration and density of the population in the focal axes with regional performance, it shows more vulnerability. In relation to the criteria of population density, granulation as well as the skeletal condition of buildings; Overall, Zone 2 shows a better situation. Although the population density in both zones is the same despite the larger population and size of Zone 2, it shows lower resilience due to the flood of floating population visiting and living in Zone 12. Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the erosion of buildings and low space permeability, the pattern of spatial distribution of the population and the factors affecting the physical-spatial ruptures in Zones 2 and 12, the results show that the pattern of distribution and fracture rupture in neighborhoods are different in Zone 12. Indicates a more unstable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Prediction of Ecological Succession of the Beech-Hornbeam Stand (Case study: Kheyrood forest, Nooshahr Province)
Mahdi Kakavand Khosro Sagheb-Talebi Kiomars Sefidi Mohammadreza Abdoli Mohamad- Reza Marvi- MOHADJER Moeteza MoridiBackground and Objective: Dynamics of Forest communities, before the climax stage, are very high, and small changes in the conditions of the stands would result in sudden responses such as dominant species changing or increasing the number of accessory species in the ac MoreBackground and Objective: Dynamics of Forest communities, before the climax stage, are very high, and small changes in the conditions of the stands would result in sudden responses such as dominant species changing or increasing the number of accessory species in the accessory stand. This study aims to predict the sequence of the beech- hornbeam stand toward beech stand in the semi-virgin forest Hyrcanian of northern Iran.Material& Methodology: After field studies, three sample plots with an area of one hectare (100 × 100 m) were selected, which included hornbeam-beech type (middle stage type of Hyrcanian forest sequence). At first, four species turbulence factors, the ratio of number of seedlings to mother rootstocks, the percentage of abundance of dry matter and the indices of diameter and height differentiation in the sample plots were measured.Findings: Layering Charts of species indicate the conspicuous presence of beech in the understory of three stands with 61.3 percentage on average. In addition, the average number of proportion of seedlings to the number of mother trees in beech and hornbeam were are 30.1 and 2.3, respectively. The highest percentage of dead trees’ (67%) frequency in the plots is related to Hornbeam species. The results of the TDi and THi indexes charts, with averages of 0.13 and 0.1, respectively, demonstrate a dramatic competition between beech and hornbeam.Discussion and Conclusion: Through the measuring of the competition in natural stands and combining results with other factors such as stage and seedling frequency and layering in the stand indicate that beech would be likely to be replaced by hornbeem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - New Customer Oriented Banking: Approaches, Challenges and Patterns
Seyed Ali Jalali Nazari Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hamid Reza SaeedniaAs an industry operating in the money market, banks and banking have gone through a paradigm shift due to the digitalization of business. Thus, the industry has to pay attention to potential and actual customers for sustainability in the age of the digital economy. This MoreAs an industry operating in the money market, banks and banking have gone through a paradigm shift due to the digitalization of business. Thus, the industry has to pay attention to potential and actual customers for sustainability in the age of the digital economy. This has led it to be considered as one of the knowledge and professional topics in studies.In this study, the researcher focused on the issue of new customer-oriented banking. Accordingly, he concentrated on approaches and challenges aimed at identifying components effective on the banks' customer orientation such as their confusion using the in-depth interview approach. Ultimately, an appropriate model was presented as the outcome.Based on summarizing the research results, out of the total identified factors resulting from axial coding, a limited number of factors like the competitiveness of banks had a significant impact in this regard. Hence, banks may need to pay attention to such factors and invest in them to strengthen the durability of their activity, profitability, and value-creation. Moreover, reducing the customer’s confusion was found to be an effective factor in competitiveness.Keywords: New Banking, Digital Economy, Investment, Banks’ Competitiveness, Customer-Orientation, Customers’ Confusion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Ranking of Competitive Power Components in Tejarat Bank Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique
Siamak Jafari narges Delafrooz Kambiz Shahroodi Yalda Rahmatiامروزه یکی از مهمترین مشکلات پیش روی سازمانها، عدم توجه آنان به عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی بوده و اغلب سازمانهای داخلی، رویکرد مشخصی جهت سنجش این متغیر ندارند. بنابراین شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی، رتبهبندی و تمرکز بر مهمترین اجزای آن، میتواند بر مو Moreامروزه یکی از مهمترین مشکلات پیش روی سازمانها، عدم توجه آنان به عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی بوده و اغلب سازمانهای داخلی، رویکرد مشخصی جهت سنجش این متغیر ندارند. بنابراین شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی، رتبهبندی و تمرکز بر مهمترین اجزای آن، میتواند بر موفقیت حال و آینده سازمانها تاثیرگذار باشد. در این تحقیق، مدلی برای سنجش توان رقابتی بانک تجارت ارائه و شاخصهای آن، با استفاده از تکنیک تاپسیس فازی رتبهبندی شدند. ابتدا از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان بانک تجارت، مدل اولیه تحقیق در سه بعد اصلی قابلیتهای درونی سازمان (شامل مؤلفههای قابلیتهای مالی، تکنولوژیک، مدیریتی و بازاریابی)، هوشمندی بازار (شامل مؤلفههای ایجاد هوشمندی و پاسخ به هوشمندی) و بازاریابی رابطهمند آنلاین (شامل مؤلفههای کیفیت تعاملات آنلاین، کیفیت محتوای وبسایت و کیفیت خدمات الکترونیک) به دست آمد. در ادامه با بکارگیری تکنیک تاپسیس فازی، شاخصهای مدل رتبهبندی شدند که درنهایت «مهارت کارکنان در انجام امور محوله»، «توسعه فناوریهای موجود» و «سودآوری» نیز به عنوان مهمترین شاخصهای توان رقابتی انتخاب شدند. ضمن اینکه منابع ورودی نیز بهعنوان مهمترین بعد انتخاب شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Explaining the role of personality and structural characteristics of management on the competitiveness in the market of products of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange: Emphasis on data mining models and data envelopment analysis
Amir Faridnia Mohsen Lotfi Behrooz EskandarpoorThis study the effect of a set of personality and structural characteristics of management (including short-sightedness, optimism, conservatism, independence, gender diversity of the board, stability and ability of management) on competitiveness in The market of product MoreThis study the effect of a set of personality and structural characteristics of management (including short-sightedness, optimism, conservatism, independence, gender diversity of the board, stability and ability of management) on competitiveness in The market of products of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has been discussed. This study uses a sample of 144 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2007-2007 and using statistical methods such as data envelopment analysis, regression model based on panel data and Data mining methods (neural network model and decision tree) have been performed. Findings of regression methods showed that among the studied variables, short-sightedness, board independence, stability and management ability had a significant effect on competitiveness in the products market. Comparison of the results of regression methods and data mining models showed that among the characteristics of management, only the variables of short-sightedness, ability and robustness of management had a significant effect on competitiveness in the market of products of companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Investigating the models of the impact of different types of cash flows from the differentiation strategy and cost leadership with emphasis on the capital structure
Mahsa Moradi Mehrdad GhanbarIIn the capital structure, there is a necessity and thematic importance for the scientific expression of the impact of strategy and capital structure on the company's cash flows. Tehran securities and exchange in the period 2013 to 2018, which were extracted and analyzed MoreIn the capital structure, there is a necessity and thematic importance for the scientific expression of the impact of strategy and capital structure on the company's cash flows. Tehran securities and exchange in the period 2013 to 2018, which were extracted and analyzed as a sample by the method of systematic deletion of information of 139 companies. The statistical method used is the combined data method and the regression models were fitted with Eviews software. The results of hypothesis testing show that cost leadership and differentiation strategies have a significant effect on different types of cash flows by considering capital structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Competitiveness of Iran's Power Industry
RASOUL SATTATI karim emami jaz teimor mohammadiCompetitiveness is a key measure for assessing the degree of success of firms in the fields of economic and commercial competition. The Pansra Ross model is used to measure the degree of competition and compare it in recent decades, using the above model. In addition, e MoreCompetitiveness is a key measure for assessing the degree of success of firms in the fields of economic and commercial competition. The Pansra Ross model is used to measure the degree of competition and compare it in recent decades, using the above model. In addition, economic indicators are used to analyze the macroeconomic status of a country and determine the status of a country. Industry and organization are used in their field of activity and among other competitors at the micro level. On the other hand, productivity is a key source of national development and survival of companies in the marketplace and determines the level of competitiveness. In this study, the Panzaros model was used to rank the companies active in the electricity industry of Iran. The main purpose of this research is to estimate the competitiveness of the electricity industry firms using and finally the ranking list based on competitiveness. By combining different approaches, using power plant statistics and financial information and summarizing the opinions of relevant industry experts on key components in the model design industry. Thus, using this model information, the electricity industry firms and the designed model identify the industry's best (most competitive) and the other firms are appropriately indexed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Evaluating the Long-Term Performance of Commercial Banks Based on the Sustainable Competitive Advantage Approach with Emphasis on the Role of Management Efficiency: An Approach Based on Comparing Public and Private Iranian Banks
hamid sadjadi mohsen hamidian ali esmaelzadehThe performance of the organization and ultimately its value is improved through activities that increase the critical factors of success. Managers with higher efficiency seem to seek to increase high performance and then maintain a stable competitive advantage among th MoreThe performance of the organization and ultimately its value is improved through activities that increase the critical factors of success. Managers with higher efficiency seem to seek to increase high performance and then maintain a stable competitive advantage among their competitors, and it is expected that management efficiency can affect the relationship between long-term bank performance and sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, based on this argument, the purpose of this study is to provide a model for evaluating the long-term performance of commercial banks based on the approach of sustainable competitive advantage with emphasis on the role of management efficiency. The research hypothesis was tested using a sample consisting of 23 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1397 and using a multivariate regression model. The obtained data were analyzed using Ives 10 software. Findings indicate that the identified factors evaluating the long-term performance of commercial banks such as financial performance (economic value added) and profitability indicators (Kyoto, return on assets and return on equity) affect the bank's sustainable competitive advantage. Also, management efficiency as a moderating role affects the relationship between long-term performance appraisal of commercial banks (economic value added, Kyoto, asset returns and equity returns) and the bank's sustainable competitive advantage. On the other hand, due to the fact that the rate of coefficients obtained from private banks is higher than state-owned banks, so in order to increase management efficiency, it is recommended that banks move towards privatization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Developing supply chain businesses and increasing competitive advantage and performance by investing in blockchain technology
Seyedeh Sama Alyasin ZAHRA POORZAMANI Farzaneh HeidarpoorThe purpose of this paper is to show how investing in blockchain technology and its application can improve supply chain characteristics (adaptability, regulation and agility) that will overall increase competitive advantage, which in turn will affect company performanc MoreThe purpose of this paper is to show how investing in blockchain technology and its application can improve supply chain characteristics (adaptability, regulation and agility) that will overall increase competitive advantage, which in turn will affect company performance. The analysis method was structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) in a sample of 246 accountants working in Tehran stock exchange companies and accounting professors. The results of the present study show that blockchain technology can improve the supply chain (compatibility, alignment, and agility), which leads to competitive advantage, which in turn leads to better company performance. The present study shows that blockchain technology will help to improve supply chain parameters. These findings, in addition to enriching the theoretical literature on the subject, can help companies to develop and promote blockchain-based information technology applications for competitive advantage and better performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - applying Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for construction and optimization Portfolio
Ali Morovati Sharifabadi Shirin Azizi Nastaran AhmadiMarkowitz optimization problem and determining Efficient frontier of investment when the number of asset invested and restrictions on the market is low, is solvable with mathematical models. But when the real world restrictions is considered , the portfolio proble MoreMarkowitz optimization problem and determining Efficient frontier of investment when the number of asset invested and restrictions on the market is low, is solvable with mathematical models. But when the real world restrictions is considered , the portfolio problems cannot be easily solved with mathematical methods. For this reason, the use of innovative techniques such as neural networks, genetic and evolutionary algorithms in optimizing Algorithm portfolio is one of the main topics of discussion in recent times. The main goal of this research is to solve the portfolio optimization problem using optimization Imperialist competitive algorithm. Therefore, using price data of 30 stocks in all listed Automotive parts in the Tehran Stock Exchange from farvardin 1388 to shahrivar 1390, the graphs are plotted. Results of this study show that the optimization Imperialist competitive algorithm in the formed of a portfolio will be successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Presenting an Integrated Management Model for Electronic Supply chain of Product and its Effect on Company’ Performance (Case Study: National Iranian South Oil Company)
Seyed Hamzeh Khorram Nasab Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammad Reza Shahriari Mani SharifiThe purpose of this study is to present an integrated management model for electronic supply chain of product and its effect on the National Iranian South Oil Company. Present study based on the purpose is an applied type and based on the nature is a descriptive - corre MoreThe purpose of this study is to present an integrated management model for electronic supply chain of product and its effect on the National Iranian South Oil Company. Present study based on the purpose is an applied type and based on the nature is a descriptive - correlation type. The population under study consisted of all employees of National Iranian South Oil Company that 512 subjects were selected as sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and factors load. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using three methods of content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity at partial least squares.Data analysis was performed using structural equations and partial least squares methods in SmartPlus software. The results showed that the proposed model is product fitted and the significant effect of integrated management for electronic supply chain and competitive advantage was confirmed on the performance of the National Iranian South Oil Company. But, the effect of the risk of electronic supply chain on the company's performance was rejected. Also, the results of moderator assumptions showed that competitive advantage affects the relationship between integrated management for the electronic supply chain and the performance of the National Iranian South Oil Company, but the risk of the electronic supply chain does not have a moderating role in this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Identify the impact of free cash flows on the relationship between non-financial performance in product market and company's future capital expenditure
Hamidreza Omourvand Zahra PourzamoniOne of the most basic factors of survival of a profit unit is market of its products. Also achieving excellence in the field of competition by companies depends on their ability to maintain capital assets. The purpose of This study focuses on analysis conditions prior t MoreOne of the most basic factors of survival of a profit unit is market of its products. Also achieving excellence in the field of competition by companies depends on their ability to maintain capital assets. The purpose of This study focuses on analysis conditions prior to capital expenditures and also on study the matter that non-financial performance (NFP) of the state of product and product market (defect-free ratio, market share ratio, product market competition) can impact Check about companies’ financial investments. The study also describes the impact of agency costs (free cash flow) of companies on the relationship between the non-financial performance and the capital expenditures. The statistical sample includes 135 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the 2010 to 2014 years which have been selected by screening. The linear regression method and EViews software are used to study the research hypothesizes. The results of study indicate that there is a significantly relationship between the non-financial performance in the product market and the future capital expenditures so that the worse the current defect-free ratio and the lower the product market share ratio, the higher the future capital expenditures; And the higher the current product market competition, the lower the future capital expenditures. Also the results showed that the free cash flow doesn’t impact on the relationship between the non-financial performance in the product market and the future capital expenditures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - A classification model of factors affecting application of corporate venture capital strategy: An Interpretive Structural Modeling approach
Hossein Ghazanfari Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini Asadolah Kord Naeij Adel AzarIn many cases, Internal R&D cannot follow the changes in the organization’s turbulent environment with the sufficient pace. So the companies in such markets have to complete their internal R&D activities with external development strategies. Use of corpora MoreIn many cases, Internal R&D cannot follow the changes in the organization’s turbulent environment with the sufficient pace. So the companies in such markets have to complete their internal R&D activities with external development strategies. Use of corporate venture capital as an external development strategy is growing among large Iranian companies. In this research, we are going to propose a classification model of factors affect the application of corporate venture capital strategy in Iranian companies. Data has been gathered through interview to experts and Literature review. Then factors have been Identified based on a content analysis. The built model in an ISM approach has been analyzed in a MICMAC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Impact of Political Connections on Stock Price Crash Risk with an Emphasize on Product Market Competition in Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies
Jamal Bahri Sales Mohammadreza EbratiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political connections on stock price crash risk in 110 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2016. To test the research hypotheses, the panel data model was used. In order to measure the s MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political connections on stock price crash risk in 110 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2016. To test the research hypotheses, the panel data model was used. In order to measure the stock price crash risk, two indicators of the negative conditional return skewness and down-to-up volatility were used. The results showed that political connections has a positive impact on stock price crash risk. In the sense that executives show good face from position firms by hoarding bad news and, this behavior of managers in the long run will lead to a stock price crash. The companies also split through the advertising cost into two groups of companies with high and low information asymmetry, and the findings showed that the positive impact of political connections on stock price crash risk is more severe in companies with high information asymmetries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The effect of capital structure on firm efficiency and product competitive market of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Bahram Korzbor Shadi ShahverdianiMany theorists of financial markets believe that capital structure has a significant impact on corporate efficiency and product competitive market. In this regard, the impact of capital structure on firm efficiency and product competitive market has been studied at Tehr MoreMany theorists of financial markets believe that capital structure has a significant impact on corporate efficiency and product competitive market. In this regard, the impact of capital structure on firm efficiency and product competitive market has been studied at Tehran Stock Exchange in the following research. Therefore, in order to examine the variables of capital structure, efficiency, and product competitive market, the ratio of financial leverage, method of data envelopment analysis, and herfindahl-hirschman index and Tobin’s Q index to be used respectively. On this basis, data of 92 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2005 to 2012 was gathered and were studied by econometric models and regression method. The results show that capital structure has significant effect on efficiency and product market competition (According to the Tobin’s Q index) and The results show that capital structure has no significant effect on product market competition (According to the herfindahl-hirschman index). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - انتخاب سهام با روش ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی داده ها و الگوریتم رقابت استعماری
F. Faezy Raziمقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ر Moreمقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ریسک تشکیل می شود.در مرحله ی بعد ، دومین پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر مبنای قواعد تصمیم استخراج شده بر مبنای مدل DEA-BCC ایجاد می شود.پرتفوی نهایی از طریق یک مدل برنامه ریزی دو هدفه مبتنی بر الگوریتم رقابت استعماری ایجاد می شود.متدولوژی ارایه شده از طریق یک مطالعه موردی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران بکار گرفته شده است.نتایج الگوریتم چید بر مبنای فیلد خروجی ریسک نشان می دهد که تمام سهام های کاندیدا در یک کلاس قرار نمی گیرد و ضروری است که هر کلاس از سهام های کاندیدا در مقایسه با سایر کلاس های سهام به صورت مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار بگیرد.نتایج بکارگیری الگوریتم رقابت استعماری در مقیاس های کوچک و متوسط بر مبنای روش تاگوچی نشان می دهد که سهام های مورد مطالعه در روش بکار گرفته شده کالیبره می باشد.بر خلاف سایر روش های انتخاب پرتفوی سهام ،این مقاله ابتدا سهام ها را از طریق الگوریتم چید طبقه بندی می کند . سهام های طبقه بندی شده در هر کلاس به طور مستقل از طریق مدل DEA-BCC موردارزیابی قرار می گیرد.در نهایت پرتفوی بهینه از طریق الگوریتم رقابت استعماری انتخاب می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - یک تجزیه جدید از کارایی هزینه بر اساس مجموعه های امکان تولید قیمتی و هزینه ای در فضای غیررقابتی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
رضا فلاح نژاد الهام رضایی حزاوهشناسایی منابع مختلف ناکارایی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل عملکرد با هدف توسعه برنامههایی برای بهبود تصمیمگیری ایفا میکند. در این راستا نه تنها کارایی فنی، هزینه ای و تخصیصی را می توان با اطلاعات ورودی ها و خروجی ها و قیمت آنها تخمین زد، بلکه می توان زیان های ناشی از عدم سود، د Moreشناسایی منابع مختلف ناکارایی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل عملکرد با هدف توسعه برنامههایی برای بهبود تصمیمگیری ایفا میکند. در این راستا نه تنها کارایی فنی، هزینه ای و تخصیصی را می توان با اطلاعات ورودی ها و خروجی ها و قیمت آنها تخمین زد، بلکه می توان زیان های ناشی از عدم سود، درآمد و هزینه بهینه را نیز بر اساس ناکارای های مربوطه محاسبه کرد. مقاله حاضر قصد دارد تخمین جدیدی از کارایی هزینه و منابع تلفات در کارایی کل در یک محیط غیر رقابتی که امکان تغییر قیمت ورودی ها و خروجی ها از یک واحد تصمیم گیری وجود دارد، را ارائه دهد. در راستای مطالعات(Tone. K., Tsutsui, M. "Decomposition of Cost Efficiency and its Application to Japanese-Us Electric Utility Comparisons". Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 47 (2007), pp.91-106)و(Tone .K, "A Strange Case of the Cost and Allocative Efficiencies in DEA". Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, (2002), pp.1225-1231)مطالعه حاضر به دنبال معرفی منابع جدید ناکارایی و زیان های مرتبط با آنها توسط ارائه مجموعه های امکان تولید جدید مبتنی بر قیمت و هزینه می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - New Artificial Intelligence Modeling for the Photocatalytic Removal of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 in Wastwater
F. Ganbary -
Open Access Article
105 - Identifying validating and ranking the drivers of education to gain the competitive advantage of higher education centers
Homeyra Paikhan, Afsaneh Zamanimoghaddam Reza Shabannezhad Khas,Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify, validate and rank the drivers of education to gain competitive advantage of higher education centers. Method: the combined research method is based on mixed exploratory research (text review - qualitative - validati MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to identify, validate and rank the drivers of education to gain competitive advantage of higher education centers. Method: the combined research method is based on mixed exploratory research (text review - qualitative - validation - prioritization). In the qualitative section, the statistical population was faculty members and heads of higher education centers and experts in the field of educational management, in the accreditation section, faculty members and heads of higher education centers in Tehran, and in the prioritization section of higher and middle managers of higher education centers in Tehran. In the qualitative section, using the snowball sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation, an in-depth interview was conducted with 12 experts, in the validation section, with a targeted non-probability method, 20 experts were interviewed using a semi-structured and structured checklist in three rounds, a face survey. and in the prioritization section, 35 people were selected and answered the matrix questionnaire with the purposeful sampling method. In order to determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, necessary checks including acceptability (expert review) and confirmability (re-review by experts), in the validation stage, review and review of the survey were used, and in the prioritization section, the content of the matrix questionnaire was The opinion of comprehensibility and expressiveness was confirmed by five academic and organizational experts and the rate of inconsistency of the criteria was calculated between 0.03 and 0.07. Qualitative data were analyzed with ground theory technique in Atlas software, validation data with Delphi technique in SPSS software, and prioritization data with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique in Expert Choice software. Findings: The results of the qualitative and validation section indicated that the paradigmatic model had 26 drivers, and the results of the prioritization section also indicated the greater importance of "outcome" and the "smart management and leadership" component. Conclucion: Considering the important role that higher education centers play in society and are trying to solve part of the country's problems; it is very important to pay attention to the factors affecting the acquisition of competitive advantage. The results showed that the explanatory factors of competitiveness are among the current needs of higher education centers to gain competitive advantage and successful performance in scientific fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Start-up Businesses in the Country with a Sports Tourism Approach
seyed emad hoseini maryam naghib hoseini farshad emamiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of start-up businesses related to sports tourism in the country. The type of research is applied, was done through a mixed method and a survey. The Delphi panel was used to confirm MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of start-up businesses related to sports tourism in the country. The type of research is applied, was done through a mixed method and a survey. The Delphi panel was used to confirm the list of components, as well as experts in the field of sports business to prioritize them. The fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used to weigh the components and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that a total of 5 components and 13 items are considered effective factors. From the point of view of the experts, the component of "optimal technology" with a weight of 0.78754 has the highest degree of importance, followed by the component of "social popularity" with a weight of 0.69094 and "dynamic economy" with a weight of 0.66889. At the end, two components "service quality" and "structural and administrative" are located with weights of 0.63022 and 0.59443, respectively. Also, 13 items were identified, which were: "Internet network and infrastructure", "Tourism market update and competition", "Government incentives and support", "Financing chain", "Administrative licenses", "Marketing requirements", "Compatibility with current needs", "Popularity of social networks and virtual space", "accepting society", "cost savings", "user satisfaction", "unique services" and "avoiding time wastage". Since Kendall's coefficient of agreement was 0.798, the overall fit is also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Sport tourism marketing with emphasis on cultural factors
Esmaeil Zabihi Masoud Jorabloo -
Open Access Article
108 - The Effect of Management Abilities on Research and Development Expenses of Corporates with an Emphasis the Role of Market Competitive Threats
Seyed hesam Vagfi Azam RajabiThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of management ability on research and development expenses, with an emphasis on the role of market competitive threats to the corporates accepted in Tehran stock exchange. The realm of this research consisted of t MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of management ability on research and development expenses, with an emphasis on the role of market competitive threats to the corporates accepted in Tehran stock exchange. The realm of this research consisted of the accepted corporates in Tehran stock exchange and the time period under study was the years between 2011 to 2019. By systematic deletion method, 133 corporates were chosen as the statistical sample. The current research is practical and it is considered as correlational research in terms of methodology. Data analysis was conducted by EViews software and the results showed that the managers’ ability has a direct effect on investment in research and development expenses. Besides, competitive threats are effective on the correlation between the managers’ ability and investment in research and development expenses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect of Competitive Factors on Asymmetric Cost Behavior
Akbar Karimzadeh Nader Rezaei Zohreh Hajiha Rasoul AbdiPurpose: Cost management and resource consumption planning are among issues to deal with in management in order to create value for the agency under our direction. Yet, this subject requires full awareness of cost behavior and effective factors on that. Former studies a MorePurpose: Cost management and resource consumption planning are among issues to deal with in management in order to create value for the agency under our direction. Yet, this subject requires full awareness of cost behavior and effective factors on that. Former studies about asymmetric cost behavior mostly focused on internal factors while the managers consider both internal and external factors simultaneously when they want to make strategic decisions about costs. Therefore, in order to focus on external factors, this research studies the impact of competitive factors on asymmetric cost behavior in the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange.Methods: The present study has a practical purpose and it is correlational in terms of method or nature. In order to achieve the research objectives, the data of financial statements of 167 corporations during 2010 to 2019 were explored. For hypothesis testing, multivariate regression with mixed data was used.Results: The results of research hypothesis testing indicate that competitive factors such as product differentiation, input cost, and market size do not have a significant impact on asymmetric behavior of selling, administrative and public costs.Conclusions: Active corporations in competitive industries have less control over product costs and may decrease the costs to maintain definite profitability and or minimize loss. Furthermore, active corporations in industries with high input cost have less tendency to invest on committed sources such as advertisement, research and development as well as selling, administrative, and public costs to avoid the entrance of potential competitors to this market and their achievement of long-term exclusive power. As a result, the managers of these corporations may decrease these costs when they have less selling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Explaining the Role of Organizational Intelligence on Organizational Effectiveness, Mediated by Organizational Agility, Among Employees in Sports and Youth Departments
Samaneh Rastgoo Nahid Darooghe ArefiThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational effectiveness, with the mediating role of organizational agility among employees in the sports and youth departments in South Khorasan province.The me MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational effectiveness, with the mediating role of organizational agility among employees in the sports and youth departments in South Khorasan province.The method of the current research was descriptive, and its design was of the correlation type, which was carried out by the field method. The statistical population of the research included all the employees of sports and youth departments in South Khorasan province (190 people), of which 123 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. To collect data, after verifying the validity and reliability, the organizational intelligence questionnaires of Karl Albrecht (2002), Hamidi's organizational effectiveness (2012), and organizational agility of Sharifi and Yang (2001) were used. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis through SPSS and PLS SMART software.The results revealed a direct and significant impact of organizational intelligence on organizational agility, and organizational agility on organizational effectiveness. Moreover, it was noted that organizational intelligence directly and significantly influences organizational effectiveness. Lastly, the findings indicated an indirect and significant impact of organizational intelligence on organizational effectiveness, mediated by organizational agility. Considering the identification of the positive effect of organizational intelligence and organizational agility on organizational effectiveness, it seems that by increasing and strengthening organizational intelligence and organizational agility, it is possible to provide the basis for improving organizational effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A Single Stage Dynamic Transmission Expansion Planning Model in the Competitive market
Hamid Gorjipour مجتبی Najafi Naghi Moaddabi PirkolahchahiIn the competitive market the planners can include market behavior in the Transmission Expansion planning (TEP) to manage the congestion. Before the expansion planning, the value of local marginal pricing (LMP) of each bus can be calculated using the optimal power flow. MoreIn the competitive market the planners can include market behavior in the Transmission Expansion planning (TEP) to manage the congestion. Before the expansion planning, the value of local marginal pricing (LMP) of each bus can be calculated using the optimal power flow. Then based on them the TEP is performed. But this model does not consider the dependency of the LMP to the network structure changes, because by changing the topology the cost and process of delivering power to a bus can be changed. So, the LMP is not constant during the TEP and must be included in the model dynamically. In this paper the dynamic dependency of LMP to the transmission system topology variations and contingencies is modelled as a single stage mixed-integer linear programming and solved with integration of the YALMIP and MOSEK software. The proposed model is more realistic; however, it takes more computation time. The single stage means the simultaneous calculation of LMPs and expansion planning in the model. The model has been applied to Garver 6-bus and the IEEE 24-bus network. The effect of interest rate, the load to generation capacity factor and load growth rate on the TEP model are analysed. The contingency-based model considers the contingency of line outages and presents a robust and reliable solution that guarantee the system security assessment during the set of predefined contingencies. It provides more expensive but more flexible solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Pareto Optimum Design of Heat Exchangers based on the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm: A Case Study
Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi Soodeh Zarnegar -
Open Access Article
113 - Multi-Objective Optimization of Plate Heat Exchangers by Employing an Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi Soodeh Zarnegar -
Open Access Article
114 - The Relationship between the Conflicting Factorsand Their Solving Them
مهدی ابزری مهدیه نجفیAbstract The purpose of this research is to study the relation between factors causing conflict and solving them. To reach this purpose a research question was prepared which was based on two main and three questions. The statistical society under study consisted of MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to study the relation between factors causing conflict and solving them. To reach this purpose a research question was prepared which was based on two main and three questions. The statistical society under study consisted of the office employee of the Islamic Azad University of yazd. The sampling technique in this project was simple randonm. The statistical technique used in this research consisted of descriptive statistics processed over a meaningful level with P £ . The results showed that based on the view of the society under consideration, there was no relation between the confliding factors and the ways to solve them. Also, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that variables such as sex (male-female), the educational degree, and experience of the employee have a relation with the ways the conflict is solved. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the theoretical view and the research work about the conflict have been reviewed. In the second part the method of research has been discussed and in the last part the analysis of the date and conclusion is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Predicting the Quality of Life and the Spirit of Competition-Cooperation using Personality Traits in Marketers in Hamedan
mohammadreza zoghipaydar fateme behjame Ahmad BayatThe purpose of this study was to predict the quality of life and the spirit of competition-cooperation using personality traits in marketers of Hamadan. The method was correlational. The statistical population included all marketers in Hamadan (both men and women), of w MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the quality of life and the spirit of competition-cooperation using personality traits in marketers of Hamadan. The method was correlational. The statistical population included all marketers in Hamadan (both men and women), of which 212 people were selected by available sampling method and answered to personality type A and B (Jenkins, 1971), the spirit of cooperation-competition (Martin, 1976), and SF36 (Var and Sherborne, 1992) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by regression analysis. The findings showed that personality traits A and B are related to quality of life and spirit of competitive-cooperation of marketers in Hamadan (P <0.05). Also, the quality of life and spirit of competition-cooperation in marketers of Hamedan can be predicted by personality traits A and B. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - A Study into the Effects of Competitive Team-Based Learning and 'Learning Together' on the Oral Performance of Intermediate EFL Learners
Mahdi Mardani Tahereh Jahanbazian -
Open Access Article
117 - Platform-Based Business Strategy
Marzieh Eskandari Fatemeh shokri saraviAbstract: Platform-based business strategy is actually a novel approach to industry and trade that has emerged by new technologies and methods. This strategy is not necessarily loyal to the business traditional rules, and has redefined a great number of the fundamental MoreAbstract: Platform-based business strategy is actually a novel approach to industry and trade that has emerged by new technologies and methods. This strategy is not necessarily loyal to the business traditional rules, and has redefined a great number of the fundamental concepts. The previous models such as value-chain analysis or Porter’s model (and its modified strategies which describes a couple of mix strategies such as three basic value disciplines) are replaced by network effects and monetization strategies and the success of platform-based business strategies has led to a noticeable growth in the field of business strategies instead of using traditional methods and the substitute of traditional methods with these new strategies are increasing more and more. In this study, we explore the idea of platform-based business strategies using a number of analytic approaches. Furthermore, employing several concepts such as the network effect and monetization strategies, we examine the economic and organizational aspects of this family of businesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Provide a new approach to identify and detect credit card fraud using ANN - ICA
Javad Balaee kodehi Mohammad Tahghighi SharabyanIntroduction: The imperialistic competition algorithm is a method in the field of evolutionary computing that deals with finding the optimal answer to various optimization problems. This algorithm provides an algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems by m MoreIntroduction: The imperialistic competition algorithm is a method in the field of evolutionary computing that deals with finding the optimal answer to various optimization problems. This algorithm provides an algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems by mathematical modeling the socio-political evolution process. The imperialistic competition algorithm forms an initial set of possible answers. These initial answers are known as chromosomes in the genetic algorithm, particles in the particle swarm algorithm, and countries in the imperialistic competition algorithm. The imperialistic competition algorithm gradually improves these initial solutions (countries) with a special process that follows and finally provides the appropriate solution to the optimization problem. By imitating the process of the social, economic, and political evolution of countries and by mathematically modeling parts of this process, this algorithm presents operators in a regular form as an algorithm that can help solve complex optimization problems. In fact, this algorithm looks at the solutions of the optimization problem in the form of countries and tries to gradually improve these solutions during an iterative process and finally reach the optimal solution of the problem.Method: The proposed algorithm of this article (combined algorithm of neural network and colonial competition) has used the social-political process of the imperialistic competition algorithm with mathematical modeling in order to provide a strong and efficient algorithm in the field of diagnosis optimization.Findings: Our experiments proved that neural data classification using the transaction rejection option can lead us to a very low error rate, while we are looking for a very high detection rate. In this study, we reached an accuracy rate of 98.54, which is a higher accuracy rate compared to previous methods.Discussion: In this research, credit card fraud detection has been done with the aim of identifying the fraud rate, increasing the accuracy, and applying the lowest system error rate using neural networks and combining it with the colonial competition algorithm. Also, effective features were extracted in the evaluation of fraud detection. It can be concluded that the proposed classification system can have a very high detection performance in credit card financial transactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Identifying Factors affecting Organizational Dynamics with a Social Sociological approach (case study: Ministry of Sports and Youth)
Mohammad Moradi mina Mostahfezian Hamid Ghasemi Hamid ZahediThe sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other s MoreThe sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar & Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.MethodologyThis research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software.Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research modelModel fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DFThe amount obtained 0.80>80 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.1< 0.1< 3<Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.ConclusionConsidering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Free Vibrations of Three-Parameter Functionally Graded Plates Resting on Pasternak Foundations
J.E Jam S Kamarian A Pourasghar J Seidi -
Open Access Article
121 - A review of sustainable weed management in soybean
rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour ZariniWeed management is an essential element of successful crop production. In recent years, an exponential rise in human population and drastic changes in climate and production techniques have intensified the crop production systems and increased the weed infestations. The MoreWeed management is an essential element of successful crop production. In recent years, an exponential rise in human population and drastic changes in climate and production techniques have intensified the crop production systems and increased the weed infestations. The evolution of herbicide resistance in a large number of weed species across the world has further aggravated the situation. These circumstances require sustainable weed management tools that can be used effectively to achieve decent crop yields without affecting the environment and ecosystem services negatively. Some of the conventional weed control methods, including the use of preventive measures, tillage and mechanical control, crop competition, soil coverage, crop rotations and crop diversification, are still effective and ecofriendly. No single weed management tactic has proven to be the “magic bullet” for eliminating weed problems, given the nature of weed communities, but a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that influence the success or failure of weeds in agro-ecosystems will further favor the development and adoption of sustainable weed management systems for agricultural crops. Although the ecologically-based, cultural and physical weed control methods have great potential for sustainable weed management, herbicides cannot be completely left out. In fact, herbicides could be an effective tool in an integrated weed management kit. However, the true integrated weed management strategies must have a balance between chemical and non-chemical options that can be used judiciously in order to achieve a reasonable weed control. Sustainable weed management is an achievable goal provided that efforts are made to diversify the management. In this paper, we will review the most common conventional soybean weed management strategies from a sustainability perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - A Review of Weed Interference Models
rahman khakzad Mostafa Oviesi Reza DeihimfardWeeds represent a continuous problem in agricultural production due to their dynamic and resilient nature. Mathematical models offer a significant tool for understanding and predicting the crop yield losses incurred due to weed-crop interference. Weed-crop competition m MoreWeeds represent a continuous problem in agricultural production due to their dynamic and resilient nature. Mathematical models offer a significant tool for understanding and predicting the crop yield losses incurred due to weed-crop interference. Weed-crop competition models help to inform weed management decisions, both on a short-term basis to tackle the present weed population and in the long term to plan sustainable weed management strategies. Most competition studies are based on empirical models. Empirical functions are the most commonly used models, which provide information for weed threshold values. The limitations of such models are that they are based on statistical functions and usually do not consider biological insights for crop-weed interference. Crop-weed competition is a complex phenomenon, and to understand this, a detailed mechanistic model offers better insights than an empirical model. Mechanistic or explanatory models take into account all underlying processes or mechanisms and their dependence on each other with respect to time and external drivers. Competition models can be integrated within the framework of a decision support system (DSS). In this review, we present empirical and mechanistic models that are currently in use for studying crop-weed interference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Effect of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) Densities on Yield and Yield Components of Cotton
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Mojtaba Velayati Mahmoud AttarzadehIn order to evaluate the effect of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) densities on yield and yield components of cotton, a field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research station in Birjand University, Iran. A factorial MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) densities on yield and yield components of cotton, a field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research station in Birjand University, Iran. A factorial experiment was carried out in a complete block design with three replications. Treatments included weed density (0, 6, 9, 12 plants.m-2) and crop density (6, 9, 12 plants.m-2). Three pure stand of common lambsquarter densities (6, 9, 12 plants.m-2) was added to each block. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in yield and yield components of cotton under weed densities. Six plants.m-2 of weed caused 15% decrease in seed cotton and increase of weed density up to 9 and 12 plants/m2 caused further decrease in seed cotton. These weed densities (6, 9 and 12 plants.m-2) caused 16, 30 and 45% decrease in cotton seeds respectively. Lint yield was decreased 13, 24 and 42% as weed density increased from 6 plants.m-2 to 9 and 12 respectively. In this experiment, increasing cotton density was able to soften the negative impact of increasing weed density. Increasing crop density can be utilized effectively to minimize cotton yield reduction due to weed interference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Effect of Cultivar and Different Plant Density of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on Population and Weed Growth
Masoud Kamel Seyed Hossein Nazer Kakhki Nasim Rezvani Nader MohammadiThis study was carried out to investigate the competition of weeds with different cultivars and planting densities of red beans over two years. The experiment was completely randomized block with factorial arrangement and three replications per treatment. The treatments MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the competition of weeds with different cultivars and planting densities of red beans over two years. The experiment was completely randomized block with factorial arrangement and three replications per treatment. The treatments included beans cultivars (Sayyad, Derakhshan and Zanjan local seed lot), row spacing (20 and 30 cm)anddensities (20, 30, 40 and 50plants persquare meter). The number and the dry weight ofweedspecieswere determined at four-leafstage, 50% flowering and maturity. The resultsshowed thatweedspecies of bean were green foxteil(Setaria viridis),tumble weed(Amaranthus albus),lambsquarter(Chenopodium album),barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli)andredroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexys) within two years. Zanjan local seed lot with densities of 30 and 40 plants per square meter and row spacing of 30 cm and densities of 40 plants per square meter with 20 cm row spacing were the most tolerance to the presence of weeds along with higher yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The investigation of the affectivity of various types of cash flows in a diversified capital structure based on the type of strategy
Mehrdad Ghanbari Mahsa Moradi -
Open Access Article
126 - The Effects of the CEO’s Perceptual Bias in Economic Decision-Making and Judgment on the Capabilities of the Financial Reporting Quality
Mohsen Heydari Mohammadreza Abdoli -
Open Access Article
127 - Cost Malmquist Productivity index in non competitive environment of price in Data Envelopment Analysis and the use of it in the dealings of the Iranian Stock Exchange
Elham Rezaei hezaveh Reza Fallahnejad -
Open Access Article
128 - Application of Resource-Based View Theory in Assessing of Efficiency of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange by Data Envelopment Analysis
Zahra Moradi Mona Ghilavi Mohammad Hamed Khan Mohammadi Zohreh Hajiha -
Open Access Article
129 - The power indexes of the CEO and the performance of the company under pressure based on product market competition
Majid Aliabadi Fatemeh Sarraf Roya Darabi -
Open Access Article
130 - Using Contingency Approach to Improve Firms’ Financial Performance Forecasts
Saman Mousanezhad Esfandyar Mohammadi Rahmatolah Mohammadipour Farshad Sabzalipour -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of Peer Performance, Future Competitive Performance, and Factors of Correlation with Peer Companies on Manipulation of Abnormal Real Operations
Amin Rahmani Majid Zanjirdar Hamidreza Ghiabi -
Open Access Article
132 - Moderating Role of Managerial Entrenchment to Effect of Technology-Based Capabilities on Product Market Competition: Resource-Based View (DEA)
Hamideh Ajazm Ekrani Mohammadreza Abdoli Hossien BakhshiThe development of knowledge and advancement in technology has created a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the per-formance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. In this way, they tried to gai MoreThe development of knowledge and advancement in technology has created a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the per-formance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. In this way, they tried to gain a significant competitive advantage over other competitors. The purpose of this study was to investi-gate the moderating role of managerial fortification in relation to the impact of technology-based capabilities on the product market competition of knowledge-based companies in the capital market: a source-based capabili-ties (DEA). This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data envelopment analysis is a quasi-experimental and post-event research in the field of positive accounting research. Then, based on multivariate regression, the research hypothesis was tested using Eviews software. The statistical population studied in this study consisted of knowledge-based companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2019 and 79 companies were selected and reviewed based on systematic screening. The result of testing the research hypothesis is that the technological capabilities have a positive and significant effect on the product market competition of knowledge-based companies in the capital market. This result demonstrates that the resource-based technology capability based on the source-based capabilities is seen as a resource against stagnation in a competitive environ-ment and helps the company, to maintain flexibility in the face of environ-mental change in order to respond faster, at the same time to develop the company's competitive capacity to create new resources or new and innova-tive products, and to make the company's future more attractive to stake-holders with greater returns and potential risk control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The role of effective variables on the relationship between tax avoidance and investment efficiency
Nazanin Bashirimanesh Zohreh Arefmanesh -
Open Access Article
134 - Investigating the Effect of Commercial and Operational Factors on Competitiveness Improvement of Shahid Beheshti Port in Chabahar in Attracting Shipping Lines
Mohammad Saeid Arbabi Hossein Vazifehdoust Karim Hamdi -
Open Access Article
135 - The Causal Model of Export Entrepreneurship and Export Market Orientation on Export Performance: a Case Study of Food and Agricultural Products Export Companies
Ali Kazemi Alireza Rousta Abdullah Na'ami -
Open Access Article
136 - The Relationship between Strategy of Work-life Quality and sustainable competitive advantage: A survey study on in Yemeni manufacturing industries.
Maged Mohammed Abdullah Barahma Mohammad Disomimba Kalsom Ali Mohammed Al-Awlaqi -
Open Access Article
137 - A Conceptual Model for Evaluation the Impact Factors Affecting Organizational Performance in Supply Chain
Ali Ehsani Hassan Mehrmanesh -
Open Access Article
138 - The Impact of Organizational Entrepreneurship on Improving Competitive Advantage with Mediating Role of Innovation in Start-up Digital Industries
Mohammad Hossein Sirafi Nafis Feriz Taheri Kia Behnaz Khoshtinat -
Open Access Article
139 - The Effect of Competitive Advantage Strategies on Customer Loyalty: Mediated role of Brand Identification and Brand Awareness (Case study: Parsian Insurance customers)
Samira Falahatgar Mousa Rezvani Chamanzamin Mohammad Taleghani -
Open Access Article
140 - Designing a Pattern the Innovative Brand in order to Improve the Competitiveness of Iran's Petrochemical Industries Using Modeling ISM
hamed anvaripour farshid namamian Fakhraddin Maroofi Naqhdehi Farhad Vafayi -
Open Access Article
141 - A interpretative-structural model of effective investments components in competitive advantage of industrial parks
Qasim Alipour mahmoud modiri Mahdi Faqhihi Roya Soltani -
Open Access Article
142 - Identify Dynamic Capabilities of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Process Capabilities; and Prioritizing Dynamic Capabilities by FUZZY AHP
Mozhgan Dehghani -
Open Access Article
143 - The Cognition of Iranian Traditional Architecture’s Elements in Award-Winning Projects (Case Study: Memar-Award, 2008 to 2017)
Sama Modirrousta Vida Norouz Borazjani Mahmud Rezaei -
Open Access Article
144 - Importance Monopoly and Importance Competition on the Urban Network Infrastructure (Case study: Public transportation lane No.10 and 96 of Mashhad bus system)
Farhad Karimani Mahtab Saeedi Manesh -
Open Access Article
145 - Competition between Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Different rate of Nitrogen
Pejman Behdarvand Ganesh Shridhar Chinchanikar Kondiram Nathuji Dhumal -
Open Access Article
146 - مدیریت بهینه فشار در جهت حداقل سازی نشت در سیستمهای توزیع آب با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینهسازی رقابت استعماری
جعفر جعفری اصل بهرام سامی کشکولی مهدی بهرامییکی از روشهای کاهش نشت در سیستم های توزیع آب، مدیریت فشار شبکه با قرار دادن شیرهای کنترل فشار در مسیر جریان و تنظیم بهینه این شیرها در شبکه آب میباشد. در این پژوهش مسئله مدیریت بهینه فشار در شبکه های توزیع آب در جهت حداقل سازی نشت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظو Moreیکی از روشهای کاهش نشت در سیستم های توزیع آب، مدیریت فشار شبکه با قرار دادن شیرهای کنترل فشار در مسیر جریان و تنظیم بهینه این شیرها در شبکه آب میباشد. در این پژوهش مسئله مدیریت بهینه فشار در شبکه های توزیع آب در جهت حداقل سازی نشت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور برای در نظر گرفتن مسائل جانمایی و تنظیمات بهینه شیرهای فشارشکن رویکردی ارائه شده است که در آن بهینه سازی هم زمان جانمایی شیرها و بهینه سازی تنظیمات شیرها مورد توجه قرارگرفته است. در این پژوهش برای حل این مسئله از مدل بهینه سازی- شبیه سازی مبتنی بر یکی از الگوریتم های بهینه سازی فراکاوشی تحت عنوان الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) استفاده شد. در این مدل الگوریتم بهینه سازی ICA در محیط MATLAB با شبیه ساز هیدرولیکی مدل EPANET تلفیق شد. نتایج نشان داد که ضمن رعایت کلیه قیود مسئله با به کاربردن روش ارائه شده برای جانمایی و تنظیم بهینه شیرهای فشارشکن میزان نشت متوسط شبکه در سه دوره شرایط نیاز آبی ماکزیمم، متوسط و مینیمم ضمن تأمین قید فشار حداقلی در شبکه، 12 درصد کاهش یافت. که نشان می دهد، روش ارائه شده در تنظیم سطح فشار برای حداقل کردن نشت در شبکه موفق بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - the effect of brand equity and consumer attitude toward advertising to create competitive advantage (case study of 5 star hotels on kish island )
Alireza Rousta Elham BahramiToday all economic activities are engaged in competition, so every economic enterprise is trying to create a competitive advantage in the hospitality field this concept is of special importance. The brand's special value and the consumer attitudes are two key factors in MoreToday all economic activities are engaged in competition, so every economic enterprise is trying to create a competitive advantage in the hospitality field this concept is of special importance. The brand's special value and the consumer attitudes are two key factors in creating competitive advantage, therefore, in this paper, the effect of brand-specific value on competitive advantage with consumer attitudes toward advertising and with an applied approach in five-star hotels in Kish is investigated. Were extracted based on theoretical foundations of conceptual model. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions. First, the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts ' viewpoints in terms of content validity. Then, construct validity was performed using confirmatory factor analysis technique. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were calculated to assess the reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 859.0 questionnaire was calculated and the CR value of all variables was obtained above 7/0. The statistical population of this study consisted of all passengers of five star hotels in Kish, and the questionnaire was assigned to 490 passengers. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that brand awareness, consumer attitudes toward advertising, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand Association have an impact on competitive advantage. Also, the results showed that the brand's special value on the consumer attitudes to the advertisement has a positive and significant impact, and the consumer attitude toward advertising has a mediating role in the relationship between brand value and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Big Data and Its Impact on the Iranian Banking Industry Achieving Competitive Advantage
foad Kouhzadi hossin gharebiglou hossin boudaghi khaje nouber yaghoub alavi matinAbstractThe increasing volume and complexity of digital data and its role as a tool to support the competitive advantage for banks, has increased the need to use new tools and techniques in data acquisition, analysis and processing, and in this context, access to Data f MoreAbstractThe increasing volume and complexity of digital data and its role as a tool to support the competitive advantage for banks, has increased the need to use new tools and techniques in data acquisition, analysis and processing, and in this context, access to Data flow in new financial transactions has become more difficult, and this has doubled the need for bank managers to use the big data strategy to solve financial challenges and take advantage of opportunities to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of big data strategy on achieving a competitive advantage in the Iranian banking industry. Present the banking industry. The hypotheses of the model were evaluated using the views of the research sample, including CEOs, managers and employees of information and communication technology, managers and marketing staff of 20 banks through a questionnaire, and the results show that banks using macro strategy Data gains a competitive advantage. In addition, ethical issues and customer privacy affect the relationship between big data strategy and gaining a competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Novin Insurance Company's product diversification strategies using product space theory
َAnvar khosraviInsurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main soluti MoreInsurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main solutions to increase income , profitability and reduce risk . the purpose of this paper is to identify the products that the new insurance company is exposed to comparative advantage or the relative advantage is hidden . the research is done using the mean of data related to the production right of each product during 2016 to 1398 but using the theory of product space and network science . the results of this study showed that the new insurance company has revealed relative advantage ( active ) among 16 insurance products examined in the supply of six products with obvious comparative advantage ( active ) , seven products have partial ( potentially active ) advantages and in supply of three inactive residual products and the probability of activation equal to zero . in the following , the sequence of seven crops with latent relative advantage was determined based on maximum , greedy , high and low grade strategies . finally Borda method were identified as the four strategy of combining and the activation sequence of products with the potential for activation of the new insurance company on the basis of this hybrid strategy of engineering , oil and energy , other aircraft , driver events and third parties . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Decision Making in Two-Echelon Supply Chain under Stackelberg and Cornot Structures
Morteza Taherifard Ebrahim Teimoury Marzie Ebrahimi ShaghaghiThis article considers pricing and ordering decisions in the two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two rival retailers under stochastic demand. A Stackelberg structure is considered between two echelons of the supply chain that manufacturer acts as MoreThis article considers pricing and ordering decisions in the two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two rival retailers under stochastic demand. A Stackelberg structure is considered between two echelons of the supply chain that manufacturer acts as a leader, and retailers act as followers making decisions about pricing and ordering. Also, in the echelon of retailers, optimal pricing policy and profits of chain members are calculated and, in the special case that retailers are faced with similar market demand, Stackelberg structure is compared with Cornot structure. This research shows that among two competitive scenarios, Cornot structure causes that retailers set lower sale price as compared with Stackelberg structure and consequently retailers earn less profit in Cornot structure. Also in both competitive structures, manufacturer’s profit is higher than double of total retailers’ profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Identifying and Prioritizing Contributing Factors in Supply Chain Competitiveness Using PLS- FAHP Techniques (Case Study: Payam Shoes Company)
Saeid Sadeghi Ahmadreza GhasemiOne of the qualities of today's successful companies is competitiveness power and at the same time, a blatant feature of unsuccessful ones is lack of this quality. The main aim of this research is to Identifying and prioritizing contributing factors in supply chain MoreOne of the qualities of today's successful companies is competitiveness power and at the same time, a blatant feature of unsuccessful ones is lack of this quality. The main aim of this research is to Identifying and prioritizing contributing factors in supply chain competitiveness in the footwear industry. Data were collected from 82 employees, experts, and managers of Payam shoe firm and examined the impact of four different factors Including green supply chain management, supply chain partnership, sustainable approach to supplier segmentation and knowledge management process capability on supply chain competitiveness. To analyze the data and testing the proposed model in the statistical phase of research, partial least squares (PLS) method, and to prioritizing contributing factors in supply chain competitiveness in the operational research phase of research, FAHP technique was used. The results of the statistical phase of research indicate that “supply chain partnership”, “knowledge management process capability”, “green supply chain management” and “sustainable approach in supplier selection and segmentation” have a significant positive effect on supply chain competitiveness. The results of prioritizing contributing factors in supply chain competitiveness by using FAHP indicate that “supply chain partnership” is the most important factor in supply chain competitiveness and after that “knowledge management process capability” was located in second priority. Finally, some practical strategies for managers are discussed and some suggestions for future research are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Developing Dynamic Facility Layout Problem with Single-Solution and Population-Based Metaheuristics Methods
Mohammad Mahdi Karampour Mostafa Hajiaghaei-KeshteliIn modern societies, production centers should be able to supply the variety of demand and type of productions correctly, exactly, clearly and straightly. So, this study aims to present the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) in order to minimize the total cost of th MoreIn modern societies, production centers should be able to supply the variety of demand and type of productions correctly, exactly, clearly and straightly. So, this study aims to present the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) in order to minimize the total cost of the facilities and costumes. Design an optimal plan leads to reduce the production process and cost of inventory. Transportation cost plays a key-role to specify the performance designing of part systems. This content displays the Dynamic Facility Location Problem (DFLP) in this paper. In order to handle the proposed problem, five metaheuristic methods are introduced: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) are tackled to solve the problem. Taguchi approach is considered to select the proper values for presented algorithms. The results explain that proposed methods are provided the optimal design for the dynamic facility location problem. As a result, ICA and PSO reach the most performance output in the comparison of other algorithms with assumed conditions in the problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Role of Knowledge Management on Company Competitiveness through Technology-driven Strategy in Tile and Ceramic Industry of Iran
Mohammad Javad Taghipourian Hamidreza AlizadehDue to the competitiveness in tile and Ceramic Industry, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of knowledge management on the competitiveness of the company through technology-driven strategy in tile and Ceramic Industry. For this purpose, a questionna MoreDue to the competitiveness in tile and Ceramic Industry, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of knowledge management on the competitiveness of the company through technology-driven strategy in tile and Ceramic Industry. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on the research of Ahmad and Schroeder (2011) was distributed among the managers of Iran's ceramic tile factories and 87 questionnaires for analysis. The findings of Pearson and regression tests via SPSS showed that all aspects of Technology-driven Strategy have a positive effect on competitiveness. When manufacturing companies use all of these three dimensions (active technology status, process and test adaptation, common technology resources) simultaneously in their processes, they can lead to effective competing so corporate executives should have a comprehensive look at these dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Role of Industrial Clusters on Regional Competitiveness ( Case Study: The Cluster Of Petroleum, Gas And Petrochemical Facilities Of Khuzestan
Hashem Dadashpor Zahra Ahmadipour Abolfazl MoarrefiAs a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term “cluster” became noteworthy since 90’s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional i MoreAs a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term “cluster” became noteworthy since 90’s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional industrial clusters improves competitiveness and plays a role in promoting competitive advantages and regional development. Hence, because of the possibility of realization of competitive advantage, industrial clusters became a focal point for research and policymaking. Against this background, the purpose of this research is to analyze and review the role of industrial clusters on the development of regional competitiveness and assumes that the higher number of relations in an industrial cluster leads to higher level of regional competitiveness. The research applies descriptive-analytical research method and utilizes questionnaire to collect data. The data was studied by SPSS and Lisrel software packs after approval of validity and reliability of data. Findings corroborate the relationship between the higher number of relations in industrial clusters with the higher level of regional competitiveness and also identifies the contributing factors to development and stimulation of regional development which is ranked by the order of their effect as follows: 1. Social relations, 2. Geographic and location relations, 3. Economic relations, and 4. Institutional relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Designing & Ranking of LARGS Paradigms in Competitive Supply Chain Management
Alireza AnvariNowadays, companies review trade samples and process of supply chain inevitably by using improving new techniques because of rapid environmental changes, customer and competitors’ expectations. Management of supply chain tries to apply lean, agile, resilience, gre MoreNowadays, companies review trade samples and process of supply chain inevitably by using improving new techniques because of rapid environmental changes, customer and competitors’ expectations. Management of supply chain tries to apply lean, agile, resilience, green and sustainable in supply chain management in space of management of supply chain by use of the quintuple approach in order to benefit advantages of each of them and cover their deficiencies simultaneously. So, designing of the model of the supply chain by use of the quintuple paradigm approach is sufficient in preparing goods and services. The goal of this research is designing the compositional model of the supply chain by the quintuple paradigm approach in a company of rubber manufacturing of Shiraz - Dena. Method of partial least squares (PLS), FAHP and VIKOR is used for analyzing data. Results of this study showed that the quintuple paradigms have an effective role in the success of the performance of supply chain. So, the assertion of improving the LARG method to LARGS method is very valid. Also, results of this general model show that dimensions of performance have a determining role in getting a competitive advantage. So, findings of this study show that use of the compositional model of the quintuple paradigm of LARGS can have a positive effect on factors of performance for getting a competitive advantage. This developed model can be a model and approach for the so-called company and other similar companies and even it is effective for any other industries too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Supply Chain Management based on Information Technology, Supply Chain's Performance and Competitive Position of Iran Khodro Diesel
Niloofar Imankhan Fariborz Fakhri LangroodCompetition conditions bring up supply chain management as a strategic factor in organizational success. The operation of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management is considered with three approaches of merging, supporting partners and management skills. The res MoreCompetition conditions bring up supply chain management as a strategic factor in organizational success. The operation of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management is considered with three approaches of merging, supporting partners and management skills. The research goal is to study the impact of supply chain management based on information technology on supply chain performance and competitive position of Iran Khodro Diesel. The research methodology is descriptive-survey. The research statistical society is Iran Khodro Diesel’s staff. The sampling method is accessible and the sample size is 368 individuals. The variables measuring tool is the questionnaire that it’s validity and reliability is confirmed. In order to analyze data inferentially, we have used confirmatory factor analysis and to test the hypotheses, in particular, the structural equation model was used. The results showed that backward merger based on technology, management skills, and supporting partners has a positive impact on supply chain performance. The supply chain performance has also a positive impact on the company’s competitive position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes
Mitra Naghipour ghezeljeh Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorban Shiroudi Taher TizdastThe aim of the present study was to investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes. The research method was descriptive and structural modeling of MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes. The research method was descriptive and structural modeling of structural equations. The statistical population in this study included all athletes of individual and team national teams in 2019. The sample number was 300 athletes who were selected based on the criteria of entry and exit of the research and available. The research tools included the Cubasa Hardiness Questionnaire (1989), the Garnefsky Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (2006), the Competitive Anxiety Scale of Martens et al. (1990), and the Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method. The results of data analysis showed that the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation strategies has a favorable fit considering the role of hardiness mediation based on experimental data. Also, the direct and indirect effect of emotion regulation, resilience and mindfulness on competitive anxiety of athletes was confirmed (p <0.05). Hardiness also directly affects athletes' competitive anxiety (p <0.05). The results showed that emotion regulation strategies are significant, with competitive anxiety in relation to them and open strategy in the negative and inhibition strategy in the form of positive changes in each of the items that are called anxiety, if the results from the journal Indicate that they play an effective role in the dimensions of competitive anxiety, and that the taekwondo anxiety levels of anxiety are commensurate with these strategies. Explaining why there is a significant relationship between emotion regulation and competitive anxiety depends on considering the components of these variables. Self-management, as one of the components of emotion regulation, indicates the ability of a person to manage his behaviors in different situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The relationship between employer brand and competitive advantage with the mediating role of service quality in sports clubs
Mozafar Yektayar Mozhgan Khodamoradpoor saman ahmdyThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employer brand and competitive advantage with the mediating role of service quality in public and private sports clubs in Sanandaj. This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical popu MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employer brand and competitive advantage with the mediating role of service quality in public and private sports clubs in Sanandaj. This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of private and public sports clubs in Sanandaj that 202 people were selected by simple random sampling method using Morgan sample size determination formula. Lee's Competitive Advantage Questionnaire (2006), Employer Brand Burton et al. (2005) and Liu Service Quality (2008) were used to collect data. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS and Amos software version 23 at both descriptive and inferential levels (p≥0.05). The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the employer brand and competitive advantage. Also, there is a significant difference between the quality of services of public and private sports clubs in Sanandaj, which showed that there is a significant relationship between the employer brand and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Prioritizing the Components that Affect the Security Management of Sport Events (Case Study: Student Competitions)
Kazem Shiralipour Saeid Amirnejad Mohammad SanaeiThe aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the G MoreThe aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the Glazerian approach and in the field. In order to collect information, unstructured interviews were conducted with 17 experts familiar with the security of sports events, school sports, and sports management specialists until theoretical saturation was reached, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, axial coding. and selectively analyzed. Also, to measure the reliability of the interview retest reliability method, which was obtained as 0.85. Factor ranking was analyzed using Shannon's entropy test and SPSS24 and MAXQDA18 software. The results showed that factors such as health management, human resources management, financial resources management, organizational and managerial developments, the event's contribution to achieving the organization's goals, the consequences of holding the event, and safety and security management as factors affecting the security of sports events in knowledge competitions. The students were identified. Entropy analysis showed that security management, financial resources management, and human resources management have the highest score and the lowest score respectively in the degree of influence on the security management of student sports events. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that the categories extracted from this research should be taken into consideration in order to compile checklists for holding student competitions, emphasizing the prevention of accidents in student sports events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Measuring the impact of competitive advantage in sports and youth
Parvin Mohammadi Pakravan Majid Soleimani Gholamreza Shabani BaharThe purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the competitive advantage in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, using structural equation modeling, which was carried out by s MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the competitive advantage in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, using structural equation modeling, which was carried out by survey method. The statistical sample of this research consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N=965). 286 employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth using the accessible sampling method of organizational culture scales by Denison (2000), social capital Nahapit and Ghoshal (1999), knowledge management by Hemti (2009), organizational learning by Gomes et al. (2005), innovation James et al.'s (2008) organizational and Hill and Jones (2010) competitive advantage. The content validity of the measurement tool was evaluated and confirmed using the opinion of sports management experts (7 people), reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.78) and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS and PLS software were used to check and analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that organizational culture and social capital have a positive and significant effect on knowledge management. Examining the proposed research model also had a favorable fit (GOF=0.56) in the target society. The general result of the research showed that the current model can be used as a benchmark for the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, so that they can gain a competitive advantage over other organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Modeling the Effect of Organizational Environment and its Triple Dimensions on Organizational Innovation with the Role of Interagency Collaboration (Case Study: Sahar Hamadan Food Industries and Related Companies) Abstract
Morteza Moradi Rabeah Zandipak Shima MirsafdariBackground: Today, organizations utilize collaborative strategies such as inter-organizational collaboration to gain innovation, competitive advantage and address external factors in the organization environment. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investi MoreBackground: Today, organizations utilize collaborative strategies such as inter-organizational collaboration to gain innovation, competitive advantage and address external factors in the organization environment. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of inter-organizational collaboration in the relationship between organizational environment and organizational innovation. Methodology: The study is purposeful, applied, in terms of nature and method, is a descriptive-correlational survey. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire consisting of 19 questions adjusted to the 5-point Likert scale was used. The statistical population of the study includes the staff of Sahar Hamadan food industry and its affiliated companies (Niousheh, Alvand Yaran Sahar and Shokoufeh Alvand) 210 persons. Sample size of 134 persons, based on Krejcie and Morgan table by relative stratified sampling, was calculated using Spss software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity using Lisrel software. The path analysis model was used to analyze the data and the Sobel test was used to analyze the mediator variable. Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that the organizational environment can have a positive and significant effect on inter-organizational cooperation and indirectly (through inter-organizational collaboration); inter-organizational cooperation has a positive and significant effect. Focuses on organizational innovation. To investigate the role of mediator variable, the Sabell test method was used, the results indicate that inter-organizational cooperation plays the role of mediator variable in relation between two other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Formulating structural model of entrepreneurial attitude based on the perception of family support and competition
Soraya Mehrizizadeh Shekoofeh Mottaghi Mohammadhossein SorbiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between perceptions of family support and entrepreneurial attitudes in high school students. Method: This was a descriptive-correlational study using structur MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between perceptions of family support and entrepreneurial attitudes in high school students. Method: This was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in Yazd, 415 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data detritus from questionnaires competitiveness of Franken et al. (1995), entrepreneurial attitude Dalijah (2017) and the perception of the support of families Prosidano and Heller (1983) were used. The obtained data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (describing how the data are scattered) and inferential statistics (testing research hypotheses and fitting the measurement model). Results: The results showed that there is a significant direct effect between perceptions of family support and competition and also between competition and entrepreneurial attitude (P<0.01). On the other hand, the perception of family support can have a significant indirect effect on the entrepreneurial attitude through the mediating role of competition, the effect of which was equal to 20%. Conclusion: By strengthening the spirit of positive competition and increasing family support, entrepreneurial attitude can be raised in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Presenting a model of determinants of venture investment using the Soccer League Competition Algorithm (SLCA)
Nahid Naeemi Ramin Zeraatgari Gholamreza Rezaei -
Open Access Article
164 - Identifying the Components of Competitive Intelligence in Order to Provide a Curriculum Program
Shokooh Alamati Badri Shah Talebi Narges Saeidian -
Open Access Article
165 - Optimization of geometric parameters of brushless electric motor
Naser Nemati Abdollah Khalesi Doost Mohammad T.AskariIn this research, a new method is proposed to reduce the coincidence of the volume, losses and cost of making a DC motor without brushes using colonial competition optimization algorithms. In the first step, all electric motor relations are extracted and expressed based MoreIn this research, a new method is proposed to reduce the coincidence of the volume, losses and cost of making a DC motor without brushes using colonial competition optimization algorithms. In the first step, all electric motor relations are extracted and expressed based on its geometric parameters. In the second step, the function of competence, which is the same reduction in the volume, losses and cost of construction of a DC motor without brush, is defined on the basis of the relationships obtained in the previous stage. In the third step, the colonial competition algorithm is used to select the best values of the geometric parameters of the engine so that the objective function is minimized. The results of simulations show that the colonial competition algorithm has a good performance and can dramatically reduce the size, loss, and cost by appropriate selection of geometric parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Investigation of the Barriers to the implementation of Private Investment in Construction of cogeneration system in Governmental medical centers
Ashkan Abdali SusanOne of the most suitable places for the implementation of cogeneration systems (CCHPs) are hospitals . The high and continuous of electricity, heating and cooling loads in these places have caused the use of this type of system to be of great attraction. The low tariffs MoreOne of the most suitable places for the implementation of cogeneration systems (CCHPs) are hospitals . The high and continuous of electricity, heating and cooling loads in these places have caused the use of this type of system to be of great attraction. The low tariffs for energy carriers in government hospitals have caused the private sector to refrain from investing directly in this sector due to lack of economic justification. In this study, which was performed in a typical hospital, as one of the most suitable places for construction of the CCHP system, the capacity has been estimated to 2.4 MW power plant based on two 1.2 MW gas engines. In this project, it is anticipated that by utilizing the waste heat of gas engines in the supply of heat and power to the hospital, the energy conversion efficiency could be increased from 42% to 56.4%. In this study, different solutions have been introduced in order to eliminate the obstacles of the ruler in attracting this amount of investment . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Presenting the analysis model of the internal factors of the National Bank of Iran with regard to the professional ethics of the employees to gain a competitive advantage
ابوالقاسم موسوی نسب رضا سپهوند عبدالخالق غلامی چنارستان علیا علی پیرزادAbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify and rank the internal factors affecting the competitive advantage of National Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The method of conducting this research was done with a combination of qualitative and quantita MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify and rank the internal factors affecting the competitive advantage of National Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The method of conducting this research was done with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection tool is suitable for qualitative research method, in-depth interview and quantitative research method, using researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the managers and employees of the National Bank of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad branches, and in the survey section, 100 employees and managers of the National Bank of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad branches were selected. The results are based on SPSS 24 software and PLS SMART structural equation approach. The plots have shown the path coefficients in the model for: creating differentiation in services (0.492+), reducing the total price of services (0.174+), customer attraction power (0.167+), resource attraction power (0.428). +), ability to collect claims (+0.107), marketing capabilities (+0.298), bank branding (+0.140), capable human resources (+0.185), modern banking services (+0.228) ), the number of Bank Melli branches (+0.174), staff management (+0.480), appropriate information (+0.453), the image of the bank (+0.414), trust in Bank Melli (+0.294) , service quality (+0.645), suitable facilities (+0.337), suitable internet services (+0.171) and professional ethics (0.185) have a direct, positive and significant impact on the competitive advantage of National Bank. According to the analyzes of this research, 18 internal effective factors on the competitive advantage of National Bank branches were identified. Among these factors, the quality of service has the greatest effect and the ability to collect claims has the least effect, which requires the attention of the stakeholders and decision makers of National Bank to improve and correct them. Also, the factor of professional ethics is an important point of this research that among the various factors from marketing to finance, the existence of such a factor must be included in the bank's plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Machinery Optimal Layout Design of a Production System with the Aim of Reducing Transportation Costs Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Monireh Jannesari Aghdam Ramin Meshkabadi -
Open Access Article
169 - Optimization of a thermoelectric refrigeration system to enhance cooling capacity
Amin Hadidi -
Open Access Article
170 - Voltage Flicker Parameters Estimation
Saeid Jalilzade Mehdi Mardani -
Open Access Article
171 - Generation Scheduling in Large-Scale Power Systems with Wind Farms Using MICA
Hossein Nasiragdam Nariman Najafian -
Open Access Article
172 - Predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students of Tehran province
Mostafa Naeimi Zohreh RafeziThe aim of this research was predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was ph MoreThe aim of this research was predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was physical education College students of Tehran province in the year 2019, which 225 people were selected by available sampling method as a sample. Data were collected with questionnaires of Martines competitive state anxiety (1990) and Buri perceived parenting styles (1991) and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate regression and one-way variance analysis in SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that male and female athletic students did significant difference in perceived competitive anxiety, but didn’t significantly differentiate in parenting styles. Also, authoritative and permissive styles had a significant negative relationship with cognitive anxiety and authoritarian style had a significant positive relationship with cognitive anxiety. Authoritative style had a significant negative relationship with physical anxiety and authoritarian style had a significant positive relationship with physical anxiety, but the permissive style didn’t have a significant relationship with it. Authoritative and permissive styles had a significant positive relationship with self-confidence and authoritarian style had a significant negative relationship with self-confidence. In addition, parenting styles significantly predict cognitive anxiety and self-confidence of athletic students, but they weren’t able to predict their physical anxiety. Based on the results, to reduce competitive anxiety parents can be advised to use authoritative and permissive parenting styles, respectively, and not to use authoritarian parenting styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Identification of talent management attributes in the Customs Organization of Iran (mixed method)
morad khoshdel mofidi mohamadreza bagherzade asadolah mehraraToday, talent management development is one of the most important business elements and one of the key components of maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. Therefore, in this leading research, the purpose of this research is to present a compr MoreToday, talent management development is one of the most important business elements and one of the key components of maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. Therefore, in this leading research, the purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive model of talent management for Customs Organization. In order to carry out this research, due to the need to extract custom and specialized characteristics of the Customs Organization, a qualitative research data base was also used after categorizing the existing theoretical bases and empirical background. We obtained 139 components by using snowball sampling method and analyzing them, using the Delphi-Fuzzy method for screening by experts. Targeted Approach 20 Experts Selected After 4 Fuzzy Steps, 54 Indicators Remain Adapted to Present Model and Classification of Dr. Mirzaei Ahrangani's Trilogy Pattern, which we presented in four layers by adding another dimension for better understanding. . The model was distributed to more than 400 customs staff at the Customs Administration through simple random sampling, with 367 returned samples evaluated and approved. Through Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) and Expert Chase software as follows: 1. Cognitive / Perceptual (0.467) 2. Structural / Institutional (0.227) 3. Environmental / Situational (0.16) 4. Behavioral / Functional (0.095) rated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Historical role of sects and religions in Genesis jurisprudential schools
ghorban ali esmaileIslamic education began learning the learning of Koran. So it is obvious that there must be a strong connection between Islamic education and religious issues. Emergence of different religions and the demise of Mohammad Rasoul-allah (PBUH), followed the religious, polit MoreIslamic education began learning the learning of Koran. So it is obvious that there must be a strong connection between Islamic education and religious issues. Emergence of different religions and the demise of Mohammad Rasoul-allah (PBUH), followed the religious, political and social rivalries using historical methodology. This study is intended to clarify the influence of religious rivalries emergence of different faiths and the efforts of religious celergymen to develop social-political influence in emergence of schools. Study of the sources and refrences shows that religions political and social rivalries have been effective in emergence of the first schools. Celergymen, sometimes, in the form of ideological defense, and sometimes for developing a large-scale hnfluence, spending their properties or mulem's or using political force as well as financial of statemen have established schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Study on shiism and Sufism places in safavids policy
Yosef Motavali HaghighiSafavids were the first Iran's government (kingdom) who could made anImportand and useful combination between shi ism and safism and setupthir government an it. These two important elements had a determiningrole in different political issues such as, military, economic, MoreSafavids were the first Iran's government (kingdom) who could made anImportand and useful combination between shi ism and safism and setupthir government an it. These two important elements had a determiningrole in different political issues such as, military, economic, religious andin all their government aspects shiism as the most important thought ofsafavids government made wide changes in Iran sociely. Althoughsafavids kings religious behaviors with shiism and the scholars weren’tthe same ,like dismiss . of fagraup of Iranian shiit scholars and Invitationof scholars jibah Amel in lebonan JiB ALAMEL scholers tried toset upthe Ideas of shiit government in Iran. But soon they understonded thatthe main point in their invidatian was to firm the polidical life of shi itkings.Though they never stoped trying to gain control over palidical power andthey could gain power during some weals safavid kings.The net wery important element in safavid king power after shi ism wasSufism. Befor safavids use shi ism for their political aims they were sufi.And after that they tried to gain material power through Sufism thoughtsand it got faster whe timur (goorlcani) sat free a group of ttoman(osmanlis) slaves to khoeh ali. Safavid sufies whom absolutely obeyedtheir masters were the most important weapon for safavids in gainingpower. Although some times after safavid dynasty sat up, the ill_use ofsome suflism radical thought caused tensions between safavid kings andsufids. To solve and decrease these ten sions safavid rulers decreasedtheir connections with masters and that in long term causes the weaknessof sufids and consguently caused the weakness of safavids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - QSAR, Molecular docking and Molecular dynamics studies simulation of Epigenetic inhibitors
ghasem ghasemi babak motahary Robabe SayadikordAbadi omid alizadehDevelopment of QSAR and molecular docking is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases. Quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for some modulators of modified ch MoreDevelopment of QSAR and molecular docking is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases. Quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for some modulators of modified chromatin proteins as anticancer agents. The Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), partial least squares (PLS), Principle component regression(PCR), Coralsea,and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used to achieve the QSAR models. Suitable descriptors were selected which includes features such as atomic mass, Van der waals volume, shape and geometrical structure of compounds. Then, molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock Vina software which had a high throughput accuracy. Based on features such as number of hydrogen bonds, bonding length, binding affinity, and also root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), the best complex were selected. In general, QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation illustrated that compounds 9 and 14 were selected as suitable agents for the design of anticancer drugs. Drug-likeness descriptors of compounds calculated by DruLiTo. In the molecular docking study, the maximum binding affinity of -9 kcal/mol was obtained between each of enzyme systems (PDB: 3MXF) and the geometric-optimized molecules, representing a strong interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Anti-competitive practices from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the United States and the European Union
javad niknejad majid khalilpourgorgani behnam ghanbarporWhereas, by communicating the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and emphasizing privatization, it has condemned anti-competitive practices, and on the other hand, from the perspective of domestic law, due to the adoption of Culture of the Islamic Republ MoreWhereas, by communicating the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and emphasizing privatization, it has condemned anti-competitive practices, and on the other hand, from the perspective of domestic law, due to the adoption of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the implementation of the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution) and especially its ninth chapter, anti-competitive behaviors and procedures have been identified and that anti-competitive practices are in conflict with certain jurisprudential rules, especially the harmless rule. How to fight against anti-competitive practice from a jurisprudential-legal perspective is necessary. The main question of the present study is that in comparison between anti-competitive practices from the jurisprudential-legal perspective, In American and European law, their competitive evaluation process is based on certain criteria.However, it is possible that these agreements, their specific elements, may be subject to general exemptions and be exempted from the competitive exploration process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Effective Factors in the Movement of the Political and Social Environment of Iran (Case of study: Islamic Republic period)
Alijan Moradi jouIn this article, the issue of movement in the political and social atmosphere of Iran has been examined and analyzed. This issue is raised because in the last four decades, we are justified by a kind of movement-type participation rather than political competition withi MoreIn this article, the issue of movement in the political and social atmosphere of Iran has been examined and analyzed. This issue is raised because in the last four decades, we are justified by a kind of movement-type participation rather than political competition within the framework of a common meaning system and the objective type of political parties. Because when parties play a role in elections and contests, the political atmosphere does not take on a dynamic state and does not create a wave. The results of the research show that the lack of civil and independent institutions from the government, the lack of suitable platforms for the formation of stable parties, the lack of compliance with the principles of civil political competition, and the lack of democratic culture among social forces are effective factors in creating a movement atmosphere in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Future studies of competition and political participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
mohammad Agha alikhani Asghar Partovi Mehdi ZakerianThe concept of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran is institutionalized based on competition and partnerships, and paying attention to the future of these two factors indicates the strength or weakness of the Islamic Republic system. Increasing participation, as MoreThe concept of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran is institutionalized based on competition and partnerships, and paying attention to the future of these two factors indicates the strength or weakness of the Islamic Republic system. Increasing participation, as a multidimensional process, affects or is influenced by many components; In such a way that its realization requires teamwork, intellectual-procedural stability of the system's agents, in relation to positive trends and optimal synergy of potential and actual capacities and infrastructures. Therefore, the question of the present article is, what are the future-oriented guidelines for increasing competition and political participation in Iran? The current research is analytical-descriptive with a future research approach, using the scenario method. The findings indicate a scenario development for a favorable future for civil society in relation to political participation; which includes the possible scenario; possible scenario; He pointed out the favorable future scenario. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Application of the Principles of Competition and Transparency in Supporting the Weak in Government Contracts
Karim Farhadi Khairullah Parvin Mohammad Hassan HabibiThe special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the MoreThe special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the private party to these contracts. Weaknesses in the private side of the contract are not always in the public interest, and the escalation of this situation can lead to the weakening of the private sector and ultimately damage the public economy of countries. The purpose of this study is to apply the principles of competition and transparency in supporting the weak in government contracts. Research question: What are the principles of competition and transparency in supporting weak parties in government contracts? The result of weak party support in government transactions is to create a balance in the benefits of concluding and implementing these contracts and thus achieving public goals while strengthening and maintaining the interests of the private sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - A Comparative Study of US, EU, and Iran Legal Approaches to Anti-Competitive Civil Liability
majid khalilpourgorgani javad niknejad behnam ghanbarporIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competit MoreIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competitive practices that are detrimental to this competition. The main question of the present study is what legal approaches at the level of the United States, the European Union and Iran to civil liability arising from anti-competitive practices? In the United States, there is currently a more legal approach to civil liability arising from vertical agreements. It is horizontally focused, while the European Union has the opposite position. Iran's legal approach can be considered as an intermediate approach according to the jurisprudential rules as well as the prevailing laws such as civil law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Study of Sociological Obstacles Political Competition in Islamic Republic of Iran
mohammad Agha alikhani asghar partovi Mehdi ZakerianThe Islamic Republic of Iran was formed by holding a referendum based on parameters of democratic systematization and then afterward during all these years by holding different elections with various tastes it has proved that the criterion of sovereignty in the Islamic MoreThe Islamic Republic of Iran was formed by holding a referendum based on parameters of democratic systematization and then afterward during all these years by holding different elections with various tastes it has proved that the criterion of sovereignty in the Islamic Republic of Iran is people’s vote. The researcher’s purpose is to study this topic which includes different aspects of the election. The best term in this field was a political competition that has shown itself in all recent elections, but it hasn’t been able to find its certain legal place among the laws. The main question is based on what the most important sociological obstacles of political competitions are in Iran. This is a descriptive-analytical study, and its results showed that in addition to structural obstacles, sociological features such as historical features, lack of political culture, lack of political competition, and lack of partisanship are among the most significant characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Proposing Strategies to Obtain Customer Satisfaction in the Interaction Between Customer Performance and production Performance as a Competitive Advantage,a TQM Approach
Afsaneh Rahimi AliReza IrajpourProposing Strategies to Obtain Customer Satisfaction in the Interaction Between Customer Performance and production Performance as a Competitive Advantage,a TQM ApproachProposing Strategies to Obtain Customer Satisfaction in the Interaction Between Customer Performance and production Performance as a Competitive Advantage,a TQM Approach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Investigate the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance with the mediating role of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage
MohammadRahim Ramezanian Aseye SafardostCulture makes organizational learning to use the knowledge and experience best for creating and achieving desired goals. The organizations that benefit from sustainable learning culture and act the form of organizational learning to create the ability to build dynamic c MoreCulture makes organizational learning to use the knowledge and experience best for creating and achieving desired goals. The organizations that benefit from sustainable learning culture and act the form of organizational learning to create the ability to build dynamic capability, they speak learning as an important source. In today's competitive environment, businesses are working together to improve organizational performance by creating sustainable competitive advantage through their growth and adapt to the new changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance with respect to the mediating roles of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage in the banks of Guilan. The statistical population included all executives, assistants and senior of Guilan banks equals to 320 and based on random sampling method 175 of them have been studied as a sample.The collection method is a library and field study and the research tool is a questionnaire derived from the literature of the subject. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling Model show with the LISREL software show that there is a significant correlation between all variables and dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage play a role of mediator in the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The effect of quality management on competitive performance insurance company's )
seeid mahdi alvani Reza Ehtesham rasi Nahid TeimouriIn this study, the effects of quality management on competitiveness in insurance companies (Case Study: Iran and Alborz insurance companies in Zanjan province) were discussed. The population of this study for investigate the effects of quality management on competitiven MoreIn this study, the effects of quality management on competitiveness in insurance companies (Case Study: Iran and Alborz insurance companies in Zanjan province) were discussed. The population of this study for investigate the effects of quality management on competitiveness consists of all personnel of insurance companies and insurance agents across the country in the province of Zanjan. Due to limited statistical community, the whole community is considered as a sample, so the sample size of 80 people has been set. This research method is applicable in purpose, surveying in data collection. The research is correlational in nature. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire. For inferential analysis, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed: education, the suggestions, feedback, customer focus, employee management, quality management and supply management has a significant positive impact on competitive performance in the insurance industry.Keywords: education, the suggestions, feedb customer focus, employee management, quality management, supply management and competitive performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and firm competitiveness
mina akhbariazad zahra bahramiThis research has been done to investigate the role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and competitiveness of the company in the dairy industry of Sham Sham. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables of the research. For the Gree MoreThis research has been done to investigate the role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and competitiveness of the company in the dairy industry of Sham Sham. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables of the research. For the Green Supply Chain Management variable, the standard questionnaire Yang et al. (2013) was used, for the innovation performance variable using the standard Donati and Pablo (2015) questionnaire and for the Competitiveness variable of the standard questionnaire of Quranflah et al. (2014).The research questionnaire was distributed among 90 members of the statistical community that were all managers and experts of the dairy industry of Shiraz, sham sham.The research method was descriptive correlational. In order to answer the questions and to investigate the research hypothesis with Smart-PLS software, structural equation analysis and path analysis using partial least squares (PLS) were used.The results show that green domestic measures have a positive and significant effect on external green cooperation, innovation performance and competitive ability of the company. The results also confirm the positive and significant impact of external green cooperation on the innovation performance and competitiveness of the company. The results also show that innovation performance has a positive and significant impact on company competitiveness.The results also confirm the mediating role of innovation performance on the impact of domestic green action and external green cooperation on the competitiveness of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Agile marketing Systemability Statistic Model
Mahdi Abedini Samad Aali Morteza Honarmand Azimi Mojtaba MalekiThe purpose of this research was to design the concept of corporate systematization in the implementation and implementation of agile marketing skills in small and medium-sized companies in order to capture emerging commercial markets. This research has a fundamental an MoreThe purpose of this research was to design the concept of corporate systematization in the implementation and implementation of agile marketing skills in small and medium-sized companies in order to capture emerging commercial markets. This research has a fundamental and mixed approach. Qualitative findings have been analyzed with thematic analysis process and quantitative findings with confirmatory factor analysis. Qualitative data collection was done with field observations and 17 semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was also collected with a questionnaire. The statistical population of the quantitative part included those small and medium-sized industrial enterprises active in East Azarbaijan province, which until the time of data collection for the present research, have implemented and implemented agile marketing approaches at different levels or are in the transition phase from Traditional approaches and transition to new marketing technologies, especially agile marketing. Sampling was carried out non-randomly and by chain method in the number of 258 companies. Finally, the agile marketing systematization model was extracted from the theme analysis of 1221 open codes without repetition, which are divided into 51 basic themes, 13 organizing themes and 2 overarching themes. In the following, the mentioned model was subjected to statistical test and validation with the confirmatory factor analysis approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Organizational Strategic Change of the National Iranian Drilling Company to Enhance Competitive
Mohammad Reza Hamidi Zadeh Jahangir AsodehThis research mainly aims to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational strategic change of the National Iranian Drilling Company to enhance competitive advantage. Thus, it is expected to upgrade the entrepreneurial capability. Sample size is 210 of the company's pers MoreThis research mainly aims to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational strategic change of the National Iranian Drilling Company to enhance competitive advantage. Thus, it is expected to upgrade the entrepreneurial capability. Sample size is 210 of the company's personals. Based on research objective, it is applied one, and descriptive research in terms of data gathering, and a casual research in terms of the relationship between the research variables. To gathering data, the questionnaire used. By using SPSS .22 and LISREL.8.5 version, the statistical analysis addressed. The result showed that strategic change (content of strategy, changes in the relationships of organization with the external environment and organizational structure) has a significant positive effect on the competitive advantage (entrepreneur's capability' technical capability, organizational capability, strategic capability), and the strategic change and competitive advantage is not in a favorable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Effects of Organizational Innovations and Competitive Cost Leadership Strategy Performance though Competitive Advantages
Mehdi Mortazavi Mehsi Rasoli Ghahrodi Arezo RostamiThe main objective of the organization, improve performance and achieve a level of excellence and sustainability for the survival, growth and profitability and respond to the needs of society. This study examines the impact of organizational innovation and cost leadersh MoreThe main objective of the organization, improve performance and achieve a level of excellence and sustainability for the survival, growth and profitability and respond to the needs of society. This study examines the impact of organizational innovation and cost leadership organizational performance through pays competitive advantage. In this study three aspects: product innovation, process and performance. The dependent variable dimensions, including financial, customer, internal processes, growth and learning. The purpose of applied research and the nature and method of research is descriptive and quantitative data. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was performed using the software lisrl. The questionnaire consists of 54 questions drawn from Latin literature among producers is tested and simple random sampling was used to select the sample. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability and validity by experts and conducted by AVE. 320 questionnaires have been distributed among the population.The findings show that innovation does not directly have a positive impact on performance through the impact of competitive advantage. Cost leadership, both directly and through a positive impact competitive advantage. Organizational innovation and cost leadership of through competitive advantage significant and positive impact on organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Resilience Components with Business Continuity and success in banking
Sallar Khosavi Amir Najafi Mohammad Reza Marjani Nabiollah MohammadiOne of the most important ways to succeed and sustain business is to build sustainability in banks in order to face environmental changes and threats. In management science, achieving such a goal is in the form of a concept called organizational resilience. The main obj MoreOne of the most important ways to succeed and sustain business is to build sustainability in banks in order to face environmental changes and threats. In management science, achieving such a goal is in the form of a concept called organizational resilience. The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between the organizational resilience components in the future bank with the success and sustainability of the business. In this research, an organizational resilience questionnaire based on the McManus model was used. After analyzing the data, using regression models fitted, it was concluded that resilience has a significant effect on the success and continuity of business in the future bank. Also, this The research, through the findings of previous observations and experiences, has proposed a model and hypothesis about the components that have affected the resilience. Using survey methods to investigate factors by analyzing the responses to the questions, the variables that affect the resilience were identified in 5 categories. After accurate and close observation of the parameters studied in the future bank and the collection of data from the bank's experts and the meaning of what was collected, it was found that the components of organizational strategies, banking concentration, competitive advantage, bank deposits and key products and services affect the continuity of the business. Then, using the research variables and analytical methods, the causal relationship between the variables was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The impact of human resource strategies to gain competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational agility
Ghanbar Amirnejad Zhale AzhdariOne of the most important factors that lead to access competitive advantage is organizational agility. Capability and flexibility of human resources plays an important role in the organizational success, in agile organizations that experiences Continuous environmental c MoreOne of the most important factors that lead to access competitive advantage is organizational agility. Capability and flexibility of human resources plays an important role in the organizational success, in agile organizations that experiences Continuous environmental changes. Human resource strategy with determination, implementation of plans and programs, develop Human Resource competence for responding the future needs of internal and external environment and access the organizational success. Hence, the aim of this research is develop a model to gain competitive advantage as well to create organizational agility capabilities as a tool to cope with continuous and unpredictable changes with a special emphasis on the human resources. In fact, our suggest is to use effective human resource strategies for training and creating agile human resources to access desired organizational results. This study is a Applied-descriptive research and been done in Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar. The study population is consisting of 200 masters and 40 managers that were selected 132 masters and 36 managers as sample with using stratified sampling method. In order to the hypothesis test, we used structural equation modeling. Data from the questionnaires got analyze with SPSS and LISREL statistical software. The results showed human resources strategy has a significant positive impact on the competitive advantages with the mediation of organizational agility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Relation of Competitive Intelligence and Strategic Marketing Relationship with Karafarin Bank Customers’ Loyalty
Bahman Ghiaszadeh Saeed Safarian Hamedani Fatemeh Taheri Fatemeh TaheriThis study examines the relationship between competitive intelligence and strategic relationship marketing with Karafarin Bank customers’ loyalty. The study method in the terms of functional goals and descriptive nature is based on correlational study methods. The MoreThis study examines the relationship between competitive intelligence and strategic relationship marketing with Karafarin Bank customers’ loyalty. The study method in the terms of functional goals and descriptive nature is based on correlational study methods. The statical population of recent study is consisted of all customers who use the services of Karafarin Bank in Tehran. The sample size was 384 using the formula of unlimited population Based on random cluster sampling method. The data were collected by questionnaires based on desk and field research methods. The questionnaires’ Content validity were approved by the thesis and consulting advisors and to determine the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was resulted 0.94 for competitive intelligence ,0.95 for strategic relationship marketing and 0.94 for loyalty. Research data were analyzed with the help of Lisrel software and were evaluated with descriptive, inferential and statistical tests. The study’s results show that the competitive intelligence components including knowledge of market situation, competition and social awareness have a direct and considerable relation with customers’ loyalty while there is not such a relation for technical and tactical components. In addition, the results show a direct relation between being unique, changing brand’s cost, satisfaction, trust, visual communication and feeling pleasure which are all strategic relationship marketing components with customers’ loyalty while emotional satisfaction and privileges are not like that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Investigation the Effect of Asset Quality on the Relationship between Reporting Transparency and Competitiveness
Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei Zahra KazemYosefkhani Esmaeil GhafariThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of reporting transparency in competitiveness of banks listed in Tehran stock and exchange. This study was a descriptive-correlation and an applied research. To measure the competitiveness of the Lerner index and the Bank's MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of reporting transparency in competitiveness of banks listed in Tehran stock and exchange. This study was a descriptive-correlation and an applied research. To measure the competitiveness of the Lerner index and the Bank's Bank Index, and to measure the transparency of financial reporting, four indicators of full disclosure of balance sheet information, disclosure of risk management plans, disclosure of the board's debts and disclosure of audit requirements have been used. The statistical population of research consists of all banks listed in Tehran Securities Exchange market during 2009/March/21 to 2015/March/20 that a number of 11 banks were active in this period. Data of research was extracted from financial reports of banks and analyzed by regression models in panel data method. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among reporting transparency and asset quality with the competitiveness. Also the findings indicated that the assets quality is effective on the relationship between reporting transparency and banks competitiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Identification of Organizational Culture with the Framework of Competitive Value Framework in Organizations
Gholamreza Kashani Masood Asadi TaheriObjective: To identify the current status of organizational culture and organization's desirable culture in order to determine the organization's readiness for changeMethod: Quinn competitive values model was used to achieve the above goal. A questionnaire was sent to 1 MoreObjective: To identify the current status of organizational culture and organization's desirable culture in order to determine the organization's readiness for changeMethod: Quinn competitive values model was used to achieve the above goal. A questionnaire was sent to 110 people from the research community in the Hamshahri newspaper ad. Cronbach's alpha was used to investigate the reliability of the research tool. To assess the validity of the model, the multidimensional scaling method was used which is the research innovation. In the next step, while extracting the existing and desired organizational culture profiles using sample pair tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and Friedman test, the existing status of the organization's culture was described.Findings: The results show that the dominant culture of organization in the first priority of hierarchy and in the second priority is to focus on the values of market culture, and the values of the adhoc-culture based on innovation and entrepreneurship are less visible in it and with the desired culture from the perspective of the answer The difference is that the culture of the organization showed the most solidarity with hierarchical culture.Conclusion: it is expected that most values such as innovation in creativity, risk taking and the acquisition of new resources and, on the other hand, the reduction of cultural values Hierarchy in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The relationship between product market competition, earnings management and earnings persistence
leila Masroor Akbar MirzapourbabajanThe main aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between competition in product market, earnings management and earnings sustainability in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies li MoreThe main aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between competition in product market, earnings management and earnings sustainability in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the time frame of 2008 to 2014 and sample volume is taken equal to 114 companies by using screening method. In this study, competition in product market was taken as independent variable in order to study its effect on earnings management and earnings sustainability in examined companies. the present study is an applied study in terms of goal of study and in terms of method of study is a descriptive – correlation study. On the other hand, the present study is an ex post facto study (semi-empirical), which means, it is conducted on the basis of past and historical data analysis (financial statements of companies). In addition, this study is based on panel data analysis as well. In this study, in which panel data was used, results obtained from firms data analysis by using multiple-variable regression at 95% confidence indicated that there is a direct and reverse significant relationship between competition in product market with earnings management and earning sustainability, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Survey on Alignment of Competitive Intelligence and Personnel’s Performance in Human Resources Development Planning
Ahmad Ali Yazdanpanah Nasim Piralaie The Aim of this research is survey the alignment of competitive intelligence and personnel’s performance in the pharmaceutical industry in Iran. Because of extensive population, determining the required sample size, would be difficult. Therefore, by the ass More The Aim of this research is survey the alignment of competitive intelligence and personnel’s performance in the pharmaceutical industry in Iran. Because of extensive population, determining the required sample size, would be difficult. Therefore, by the assumption of indefinite population, Morgan sampling methods were used. 108 people were selected as statistical sample in KISH tropical pharmaceutical company. In this study, it has been used of descriptive survey method. To gather competitive intelligence information, a questionnaire was pontificated based on the literature review Elements and then, the validity and reliability were measured. The reliability of study was over %70. In this survey, descriptive statistic was used for classification and interpretation of data and to testing the assumptions, it used of Pearson Correlation Test. The results of statistical analysis show the relevance intensity between competitive intelligence and its dimensions and personnel’s performances. This result affect on the strategy as moderator variable in the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - A Continuous Review inventory Control Model within Batch Arrival Queuing Framework: A Parameter-Tuned Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Mohammad Alaghebandha Seyed Hamid Reza Pasandideh Vahid Hajipour -
Open Access Article
198 - The project portfolio selection and scheduling problem: mathematical model and algorithms
Bahman Naderi -
Open Access Article
199 - Centralized Supply Chain Network Ddesign: Monopoly, Duopoly, and Ooligopoly Competitions under Uncertainty
kaveh Fahimi Seyed Mohammad Seyed Hosseini Ahmad Makui -
Open Access Article
200 - Enhancing Basic Metal Industry Global Competitiveness Through Total Quality Management, Supply Chain Management & Just- In -Time
Alie Wube Dametew Daniel Kitaw Frank Ebinger -
Open Access Article
201 - The Influence of Globalization Processes on Forecasting the Activities of Market Entities
Nazariy Popadynets Olga Vyshnevska Inna Irtyshcheva Iryna Kramarenko Maryna Ponomarova -
Open Access Article
202 - Solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem by a Novel Meta-heuristic Algorithm
Hossein Larki Majid Yousefikhoshbakht -
Open Access Article
203 - Competitiveness of The Company on The Market: Analytical Method of Assessment and The Phenomenon of The Impact of Corruption in Ukraine
R. Skrynkovskyy A. Kataiev O. Zaiats H. Andrushchenko N. Popova -
Open Access Article
204 - The prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens
Farideh Ebrahimi Bejdani Parenaz Banisi Hamidreza Vatankhah The purpose of this study was to study prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of More The purpose of this study was to study prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all the adolescent athletes referred to sports clubs in Tehran in year 2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 200 adolescent athletes by formula Plant of Tabachnick and et al (2007) were selected as samples and they were asked to fill revised competitive state anxiety inventory (RCSAI) of Cox and et al (2003), psychological hardiness scale (PHS) of Lang and et al (2003), resilience scale (CD-RISC) of Connor and Davidson (2003) and ways of coping questionnaire (WCQ) of Lazarus and Folkman's (1998). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Findings showed that there was negative and significant correlation between psychological hardiness, resilience and problem oriented stress coping strategies with competitive anxiety athlete teens (P<0/01). Also, findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between emotion oriented stress coping strategies with competitive anxiety (P<0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that %68 of variance of competitive anxiety was explained by psychological hardiness, %51/7 was explained by resilience and %81/5 of variance of competitive anxiety was explained by stress coping strategies. This study confirmed the significant contribution of psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies on competitive anxiety of athlete teens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Study of Students Persuasion Guidelines to Non – Text book Reading
Afkaneh Soghra Abbas Shakouri ShaldehiThis research is purposed to direct students toward reading non-textbooks more than academic textbooks-to develop their knowledge and qualifications. This direction can be facilitated by university purposeful planning. Statistical population of this research consists of MoreThis research is purposed to direct students toward reading non-textbooks more than academic textbooks-to develop their knowledge and qualifications. This direction can be facilitated by university purposeful planning. Statistical population of this research consists of male and female students of human sciences in Azad University of district 8 and 540 of them were selected by multi-level accidental method. A researcher- made questionnaire distributed, which is taken from was motivating factors in university such as holding book-studying festivals, utilizing various teaching methods by professors, the ways of presenting library services and interests of the students to their fields of study. After collecting data and statistical analysis, the findings of this study showed that the following factors can have the efficient role on attitudes of university students to help them read non-textbooks: The role of the instructor’s teaching method, holding book reading competitions, Holding book fair, Reviewing the way of giving library services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Interference Effect of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield and its Morphological Characteristics
Ghorban didehbaz Moghanlo Mehdi Joudi Ahmad Tobeh Parviz Sharifi ziveh Mohammad Reza ShiriMaize is one of the important cereal crops in Iran. Moghan, in Ardabil province, is an appropriate region to grow it in the country. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the major noxious weed in maize fields worldwide and also in Iran. To study the int MoreMaize is one of the important cereal crops in Iran. Moghan, in Ardabil province, is an appropriate region to grow it in the country. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the major noxious weed in maize fields worldwide and also in Iran. To study the interference of effect of this weed on maize seed yield and its morphological characteristics, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the research field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil (Moghan) in 2012. The experimental factors were maize plant densities with four levels (70000, 75000, 80000 and 85000 plant.ha-1) and redroot pigweed densities with four levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 plant/m per row). The results showed that increasing density of maize and redroot pigweed, grain yield, biological yield and chlorophyll content of maize leaves were significantly reduced. The highest grain yield (11.88 t.ha-1) at density corn of 80000 plants.ha-1 of maize under weed free condition and lowest grain yield (7.92 t.ha-1) at maize density of 75000 plants.ha-1 with the presence of the 12 plant/m per row of redroot pigweed. The highest biomass of redroot pigweed (497.8 g/m per row) was produced at density of 85000 plants.ha-1 of maize with the presence of the 12 plant/m per row of redroot pigweed. Generally, the results of this research showed that 80000 plants.ha-1 of maize resulted in highest control of redroot pigweed and grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Critical Interference Period of Weeds with Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Mazandaran
Rahmatollah Salehi Zarkhouni Saeed Vazan Hemmatollah Pirdashti Ali Kashani Farid GolzardiTo investigate the effect of weed interference on the yield and yield components of rice an experiment was conducted in 2014 at Amol and Mahmoudabad cities in Mazandaran. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three rep MoreTo investigate the effect of weed interference on the yield and yield components of rice an experiment was conducted in 2014 at Amol and Mahmoudabad cities in Mazandaran. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications. Treatments to control weeds were of two types. The first treatment consistsed of controling weeds 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after rice transplanting and then weeds interfered with plant during rest of growing season. A whole season weed control was used as check. The second type treatment at weed interference until 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after rice transplanting and then weeds were controlled during rest of growing season. A whole season interference treatment was used as a weed infested check. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference for grain yield in either weed free or weed infested treatments between two places. Weed control and interference (except panicle number and biological yield) significantly affected grain yield, grain numbers per panicle and 1000 grain weight. The highest grain yield (3010.83 kg.ha-1) belonged to weed control during whole growing season and lowest grain yield (2075 kg.ha-1) was obtained from weed infested check. Weed infested check resulted in lower grain yield (by 8.31%), panicle number (by 8.33%) and grains number per panicle (by 10.26%) as compared to the control. The critical period of weed control, based on the amount of 5 and 10 percent of yield losses, were fitted by Gompertz and Logestic regression to weed infested weed free treatments, respectively. The results showed that the critical period of weed control in Mahmoudabad region occurred during the days of 22 to 59 and 27 to 36 (from early to end of tillering) based on 10 and 5 percent of yield loss, respectively. The critical point was calculated to be 32 days after transplanting.Thecritical period for Amol region occurred during days of 15 to 54 and 20 to 37 (from early to end of tillering) based on 10 and 5 percent of yield loss, respectively. The critical point was calculated for day 25 after transplanting. In conclusion, the critical period of weed control seems to begin earlier in Amol than in Mahmoudabad and it also had a longer range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Weeds Control by Living Mulch of Maize and Their Effect on Two Potato Cultivars
Zohrab AdaviUsing live mulches is one of the biologic methods for weed control in potato. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four replications at the Research Field of Fereydunshahr of Esfahan during 2015. The treatments consisted of two cultiv MoreUsing live mulches is one of the biologic methods for weed control in potato. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four replications at the Research Field of Fereydunshahr of Esfahan during 2015. The treatments consisted of two cultivars: Arinda and Agria and three planting systems of potato: weedy sole cropping, weed-free sole cropping and potato inter cropped with maize. Analysis of variance showed that all traits like plant height, plant dry weight, tuber number per plant and tuber yield, except average weight of tuber, were influenced by variety at five percent level of significance. However, plant height and tuber number per plant were influenced by planting system at the level of one percent and plant dry weight, average weight of tuber and tuber yield at the level of five percent significance. The results also showed that potato intercropped with maize reduced highly weed density. The highest and the lowest penetration light were related to weed-free and maize, respectivey. The highest reduction in potato height was found in maize. This might be due to correlation of height and competitiveness of species, because by increasing plant competition height was increased. The highest plant dry weight of potato (121.79g) was related to weed free condition and following by maize, weedy sole cropping. The highest average tuber weight (65.33 g) and tuber yield (677.44 g) belonged to maize, weed free treatments, and lower values of these traits were founded in weedy sole cropping treatment. Overall, live mulches by reducing density of Amaranth (plants per 38.4 m2) was able to control weeds in potato field. This could be attributed to its effects on shading and/or higher competitivness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen and Herbicide Doses on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat in Competition with Weeds
R. Mohaghegh Nezhad, M. Armin M. HeydariIn this study, the effect of split application of nitrogen and herbicide doses on the yield and yield components of wheat as infested with weeds were evaluated at the Research Field of Motahari Agricultural School of Sabsevar, Iran. The experiment was conducted in split MoreIn this study, the effect of split application of nitrogen and herbicide doses on the yield and yield components of wheat as infested with weeds were evaluated at the Research Field of Motahari Agricultural School of Sabsevar, Iran. The experiment was conducted in split plot with three replications. The three split applications of 150 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen as urea [30% at planting and 70% at stem elongation (T1), 25% at planting, 25% at tillering and 50% at stem elongation (T2), 25% at planting, 50% at tillering and 25% at stem elongation (T3)] were assigned to main plots, and five doses of herbicide applications (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dosage of Imazamethabenz-methyl) to sub- plots. The results showed that herbicide doses significantly affected yield and yield components of wheat and weed population. Increasing of herbicide doses affected biological and grain yield of wheat positively. The results also indicated effect of nitrogen application methods were more pronounced than that of herbicide doses. The highest spike per m2, thousand grain weight, biologic and grain yield, as well as the least number of infertile spikelet, were obtained by T3 treatment of nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application at recommended doses. These results suggested that 75% recommended dosage of Imazamethabenz-methyl and application of nitrogen by using T3 treatment would increase, economic yield of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Integrated Weed Management of Cotton Planting in Conventional and Ultra-Narrow Row Space
Ali Reza Ghavi Mohammad ArminTo determine the most appropriate method of weed management in conventional row and ultra narrow row spacings of cotton, a factorial experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Sabzevar in 2015-2016. Factors under MoreTo determine the most appropriate method of weed management in conventional row and ultra narrow row spacings of cotton, a factorial experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Sabzevar in 2015-2016. Factors under study were plant spacings in two levels, conventional (70 cm row spacing) and ultra-narrow row (20 cm row spacing) and weed management in six levels: without controlling of weeds (control), application of herbicide at recommended dose of Ethalfluralin (Treflan 48% EC) at 1160 g/ai ha), application of herbicide at 50% recommended dose + hand weeding at 45 days after emergence (DAE), application of herbicide at 50% recommended dose + two times hand weeding at 30 and 60 DAE, three times hand weeding at 30, 45 and 60 DAE, and full weed free condition. The results showed that traits like weed density, by 33.71 percent, lateral branches by 14.77 percent, number of bolls per plant by 16.88 percent, and boll weight by 12.30 percent were lower in narrow row spacing, while seed cotton yield by 39.85 percent and fiber yield by 23.71 percent higher, as compared to, conventional row spacing. In the conventional cultivation system, if 50% of the herbicide dose is reduced, it needs two hands weeding at 30 and 60 DAE; while in ultra-narrow row spacing condition, with a 50% reduction in the recommended herbicide dose, one hand weeding at 45 DAE is needed to achieve suitable seed cotton yield. As a whole, the results showed that, under ultra-narrow row spacing, with a 50% reduction in herbicide dose and reduced weed control times (only one hand weeding at 45 DAE) it can be obtained seed cotton yield similar to other control treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Effect of Weed Interference Period on Forage Yield of Maize (Zea mays cv. 454) as Second Crop
P. Mobasseri F. FarahvashControling weeds at their critical periods of growth leads to low production costs and injurious effects of using chemical weed controling methods. In this experiment we studied the timinig effects of weed control (interference of weeds after 20, 40 and 60 days and comp MoreControling weeds at their critical periods of growth leads to low production costs and injurious effects of using chemical weed controling methods. In this experiment we studied the timinig effects of weed control (interference of weeds after 20, 40 and 60 days and complete control of weeds) and weed interference periods for 20, 40 and 60 days after planting and complete interference) on growth and yield of forage maize CV. 454. The experiment was conducted incomplete randomized blocks design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch in 2013. According to the results, maintenaning the farm for 40 and 60 days under weed interference after 20 days prevented reduction of maize biomass, while weeds interference after 20 days, weed interference and controling weeds after 40 and 60 days resulted in 41.2%, 35%, 25% and 32.5% reduction of forage maize biomass, respectively. Reduction in fresh weight of corn and fresh weight of leaf and stem were also observed due to interference of weeds after 20 days. If weeds are controlled after 60 days, reduction of corn weight and fresh weight of stem will also results in reduction of biomass. Also, if weeds are controlled after 40 days, stem fresh weight of maize will result in biomass reduction. Corn traits were affected by weeds control treatments. Being affected by treatments of weeds interference after 20 days, weeds non-interference, controlling weeds after 40 and 60 days, the height of corn was reduced by 29.9%, 41.4%, 27.6% and 37.2%, respectively. The stem diameter demonstrated a significant reduction, although it was only affected by treatments of weeds interference and weeds control after 60 days. Based on the results of this study, it may be suggested that controling weeds during initial 20-60 days of maize growth would prevent the undesirable effect of weeds on growth, production and biomass production of maize and also results in production costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Weed Interference Duration Effect on Yield and Yield Components of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Conventional and Organic Conditions
Masoud Zarei Mohammad Armin Mosarreza HokmabadiTo investigate the effect of duration of weed interference on yield and yield components of cumin grown under conventional and organic condition, a field experiment was conducted in a private farm in Sabzevar in 2017-2018. A split plot experiment based on a randomized c MoreTo investigate the effect of duration of weed interference on yield and yield components of cumin grown under conventional and organic condition, a field experiment was conducted in a private farm in Sabzevar in 2017-2018. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Factors were conventional and organic growing was considered as the main factor and duration of weed interference (0, 2, 4, 6 weeks after emergence and weedy) as subplots. The results showed that conventional farming in terms of weed density, weed dry matter, plant height, lateral branch number, number of seed per umbrella, biologic and seed yield were better than organic farming, while, number of umbrella per plant under organic farming was higher than that of conventional farming. Increasing duration of interference decreased plant height (20.21%), lateral branches (42.85%), the number of umbrella per plant (47.91%), the number of seeds per umbrella (37.5%), biological yield (33.96%) and seed yield (43.90%). Fitted logistic regression function coefficients showed that the onset of yield loss was earlier (11 days after emergence) in conventional condition while in organic condition it was postponed to 17.5 days after emergence. Overall, the results showed that weed interference, under both conventional and organic conditions, reduced seed yield. Weed interference under organic farming delayed 4 weeks and under conventional condition to 2 weeks after cumin emergence and yield reduction was not significant. Thus, control of weeds in conventional conditions should commence from 12 days after emergence and under organic conditions from 18 days after emergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Civil liability in competition law and intellectual property law in Islamic law and the European Union
yahya mirzamohammadi fard garakhanlou naser masuodi مصطفی نوراللهیDue to the many formal and substantive differences in competition law and its consequent impact on intellectual property, it has been very difficult to achieve international coordination in this area. In today's civil liability systems, pure and proxy responsibilities a MoreDue to the many formal and substantive differences in competition law and its consequent impact on intellectual property, it has been very difficult to achieve international coordination in this area. In today's civil liability systems, pure and proxy responsibilities are increasing day by day, while such a responsibility does not have much deterrent effect, because in pure liability, a person who is cautious may still be held responsible, and in proxy liability, such as The fault is committed by another person, the person in charge, no matter how careful, can not prevent the damage. Personal responsibility is also based on objective guilt in many cases, they can not help prevention. The Civil Liability Law in 1339, by inserting Article 8, declared any damage to the dignity and credibility of individuals to be claimable. In 1983, the Law on Penalties for Conspiracy and Fraud in Business and Commerce allocated Articles 120 to 125 to this issue. With the approval of the section on punishments and deterrents to the Islamic Penal Code in 1375, only Articles 529 and 530 have been mentioned regarding forgery. EU law also provides for civil liability in competition law and intellectual property rights, and provides for remedial action for damages resulting from errors and omissions. This article seeks to examine the issue of civil liability in competition law and intellectual property law in Islamic law and the European Union in a descriptive-analytical manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Modeling the Impact of Raw Materials Suppliers Competition on Procurement Costs in the Green Closed Loop Supply Chain
saeed saljooghi Ramin SadeghianNowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competi MoreNowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competition of raw material suppliers on supply and procurement costs Materials for manufacturers in a multi-product supply chain Green closed loop is examined. First, competitive modeling in the supply process between raw material suppliers in different groups is done by estimating the demand for each of the chain products and setting the demand quantity parameters of each product. And the rate of return flow in the competitive model using the principles of game theory to find the equilibrium point of competition among each group of chain suppliers. Then by solving the model of changes in the cost of supply and goods for manufacturers and suppliers of chain raw materials in two cases The existence of competition and its absence are compared and decisions are made Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The Impact of LARG Competitive Strategies on Supply Chain Sustainability: The Case of Boushehr Cement Industries
Mohammad Safari Gholamreza Jamali Belghis BavarsadA formidable challenge facing cement industries in Boushehr Province is the management of supply chain sustainability in a way to promote its overall performance and productivity. The present study aimed to scrutinize the impact of LARG competitive strategies on t MoreA formidable challenge facing cement industries in Boushehr Province is the management of supply chain sustainability in a way to promote its overall performance and productivity. The present study aimed to scrutinize the impact of LARG competitive strategies on this supply chain sustainability and prioritize them. Initially, the conceptual model of the study was developed through an extensive literature review and identification of prerequisite LARG competitive strategies including tolerance, purity, agility and greenness alongside economic, social and environmental responsibility dimensions of sustainability. The research population comprised 220 employees and managers at Boushehr cement industries out of whom a sample of 140 was randomly recruited based on Cochran formula. The research data were collected using two questionnaires and were analyzed via Factor Analysis. The findings verified the significant and positive impact of all LARG competitive strategies on supply chain sustainability of the cement industries in Bushehr. The findings accentuate the fact that managers in Boushehr cement industries should take into account appropriate risk management strategies to thrive under competitive conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Designing A Model to Investigate the Relationship among Organizational Capabilities, Competitive Advantage and New Product Performance: The Case of Food Corporations in Mashhad
Ebrahim Roushan Ghias Reza Sepahvand Abdolkhalegh Chenarestan Oulia ali pirzadAll thriving organizations constantly strive to raise their performance standards. What may enhance any company’s competitive advantage is a set of capabilities including marketing, innovation and research and development capabilities. The present inquiry was an a MoreAll thriving organizations constantly strive to raise their performance standards. What may enhance any company’s competitive advantage is a set of capabilities including marketing, innovation and research and development capabilities. The present inquiry was an attempt to design a model to scrutinize the extent to which organizational capabilities, competitive advantage and new product performance may correlate. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed among 105 managers of food companies in Mashhad, Iran, and the collected data were analyzed via AMOS and SPSS softwares. The research findings indicated a significant relationship between organizational capabilities, including marketing capability, innovation capability, research and development capability, and competitive advantage components of product and product delivery speed. A significant relationship was also found between competitive advantage indicators like financial and consumer-oriented performances and components of product performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Presenting a Conceptual Model Delineating the Effect of Production and Operations Strategies on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Iranian Automotive Industry: The Case of Tehran Automobile Manufacturing Companies
Ali Mohaghar Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh Seyyed Hassan Ghodsypour Amir SamarrokhiThe aim of the current quantitative applied research was to design a model for the investigation of the extent to which automobile production strategies may impact domestic manufacturers’ sustainable competitive advantage. The research data were collected through MoreThe aim of the current quantitative applied research was to design a model for the investigation of the extent to which automobile production strategies may impact domestic manufacturers’ sustainable competitive advantage. The research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire whose construct and content validity had been confirmed and its reliability had been verified through Cronbach alpha. The research population comprised senior managers of automobile manufacturing companies located in Tehran, Iran from whom a random sample was selected. The data obtained from 384 completed questionnaires were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling to find out the relationship among various factors of the model and the Variance-Covariance analysis. The findings emerging from the study revealed that the latent variable of sustainable competitive advantage was delineated by cost, quality, diversity, and flexibility; and that the latent variable of domestic automobile manufacturers’ production and operations strategies were delineated by Kaizen strategies, enterprise resource planning, punctuality, and supply chain management models. Research findings bore on the significant positive effects of production and operations strategies on Iranian automotive industries sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - A Model of Corporate Social Responsibility in a Competitive Environment based on Improving Labor Productivity in Food Industry
Vahide Hajihassani Hassan Rangriz Babak HajikarimiThe present study on cooperate social responsibility(CSR) aimed at providing a model of CSR in food industry based on improving labor productivity. This qualitative research was an applied-exploratory one. To this end, 13 food industry experts were identified using targ MoreThe present study on cooperate social responsibility(CSR) aimed at providing a model of CSR in food industry based on improving labor productivity. This qualitative research was an applied-exploratory one. To this end, 13 food industry experts were identified using targeted and snowball sampling methods and were interviewed. The data was gathered through in-depth interviews and analysed according to the grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin ‘s systematic approach. The results based on the grounded theory approach revealed that there were 161 open codes, 46 axial codes and 20 selective codes. According to the results of the study, the use of the model would result in improved customer experience, brand reputation and economic independence, which, in the current situation of the country that is under economic sanctions, is an effective factor in reducing Iran's dependence on other countries. Moreover, it was found that labour productivity can be improved through the cleanliness and neatness of the work environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - A Model of Company Competitive Capabilities Considering Social Capital and Buyer-Supplier Relationship Risk: A Case Study of the Elevator and Escalator Industry
Mohsen Hooshangi Abolfazl Kazazi Mohammad taghi Taghavifard Reza KianimaviThe purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive capabilities considering social capital and buyer- supplier relationships. In terms of purpose, it is developmental-applied and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and regarding method, a mixed metho MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive capabilities considering social capital and buyer- supplier relationships. In terms of purpose, it is developmental-applied and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and regarding method, a mixed method study. The study population included the academic and industrial experts active in the elevator and escalator industry. To recruit the sample, purposeful and theoretical saturation sampling methods were used in which the researchers reached a saturation point after conducting 18 interviews. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect the data in the qualitative section and questionnaires were used for the quantitative section. To analyze the data, content analysis and interpretive structural equations were employed. The final obtained model reveals that the social capital variable has three comprehensive themes, 15 organizing themes and 49 basic themes, the buyer-supplier relationship risk has seven organizing themes and 28basic themes, and the competitive capabilities include nine organizing themes and 32 basic themes. Also, the results of the interpretive structural equation method show a six-level model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Investigating the Effect of Intra-Organizational Characteristics on Competitive Advantage in Knowledge-Base Organizations Active in Lorestan Science and Technology Park: the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing
Leila Yarahmadi Mohsen Aref Nezhad Hojjat VahdatiIn today's complex environment, the success of organizations requires the acquisition of competitive advantage; the benefits of intra-organizational characteristics effectively determine the competitive success of an organization. Knowledge-based organizations, wh MoreIn today's complex environment, the success of organizations requires the acquisition of competitive advantage; the benefits of intra-organizational characteristics effectively determine the competitive success of an organization. Knowledge-based organizations, which play an important role in generating wealth and added value in a society, must keep pace with emerging changes in the new environment of the organization and strive to gain a competitive advantage in this competitive environment. In the present study, the effect of intra-organizational characteristics on competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial marketing in knowledge-based organizations active in Lorestan Science and Technology Park has been investigated. The research method in this study is descriptive-survey and applied. The intended population was 120 experts of knowledge-based organizations active in Lorestan Science and Technology Park from among whom 92 experts were recruited through random sampling based on Morgan Table. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire whose reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha and its combined reliability and validity were measured by convergent method. Structural equation modeling approach and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the characteristics within the organization (cooperation competence, administrative mechanism, organizational support, planning flexibility, planning time) both directly and indirectly, through entrepreneurial marketing, affect competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - "The effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries"
Hossein Budaghi Khajeh Nobar Karim Esgandari Reza RostamzadehThis study aimed at identifying the effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries in East Azerbaijan province. In this study the competitive intelligence dimensions based on French management Faculty theory which included (trade, tech MoreThis study aimed at identifying the effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries in East Azerbaijan province. In this study the competitive intelligence dimensions based on French management Faculty theory which included (trade, technical, social, strategic awareness and competitors situation)on modernization of small industries indices have been studied. The research population included small industries managers which added up to 2713 people. Using Cochran's formula the sample size was 337 people. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. To gather the data a researcher made questionnaire was used. The presented model, using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least square the research hypotheses were tested. The results showed that the competitive intelligence and its four dimensions have positive and meaningful effect on the modernization of the small industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Investigating the Rate of Highly Educated Managers’ Entrepreneurship in the Manufacturing Units of the Industrial Complexes of East Azarbaijan Province
Mansoor Sadigh Hossein Aliye Davood Baghery Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh Jabriel Marzi AlamdariThe economic structure of today’s world is different from that of the past. Hardware indices and tangible assets that had a key determining role as an enterprise in the past are now being replaced with innovation, creation of new products and software assets. Crea MoreThe economic structure of today’s world is different from that of the past. Hardware indices and tangible assets that had a key determining role as an enterprise in the past are now being replaced with innovation, creation of new products and software assets. Creating knowledge, making use of knowledge and expanding it all over the society in all fields create capability and power. Universities and research centers, as the basic foundation in the comprehensive development of the country, should be able to train the young and knowledge seeking individuals to become thoughtful, insightful, innovative, and creative. The greatest capitals of an enterprise in today’s world are those interested in thinking, learning and creating; and these are the entrepreneurs. The present study tries to survey and evaluate the average scores of entrepreneurship and the five dimensions affecting it among the industrial managers of East Azarbaijan industrial complexes. The statistical population includes 335 people from among the highly educated managers of the industrial complexes of East Azarbaijan. The study aims, by pinpointing the weak and strong points of the different dimensions of entrepreneurship, to give some suggestions in order to focus on and improve the weak points of entrepreneurship in universities and higher education centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Investigating the Relationship between Market-Orientation and Competitive Advantages in Iran Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group
Mohammad Faryabi Rana Tajvidi Mina TajvidiMarket orientation and its impact on competitive advantages is one of the important and key issues in marketing management. Market-oriented companies have a competitive advantage in quickly responding to market and customers’ needs. Also they act effectively in re MoreMarket orientation and its impact on competitive advantages is one of the important and key issues in marketing management. Market-oriented companies have a competitive advantage in quickly responding to market and customers’ needs. Also they act effectively in response to market opportunities and threats. This paper is a research that aims to investigate the relationship between market-orientation and competitive advantages in Iran Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group. For this research a quantitative research methodology has been adopted. The primary data were collected from Iran Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group. The data have been analyzed through using Lisrel software and structural equations methodologies. The results of this study indicate that among 3 variables of marketing culture, intellectual market and marketing capability, the intellectual market has the most effect on market orientation and among the variables effective on competitive advantage, differentiation strategy has the most coefficients, which shows the importance of these variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Designing a Model for Examining the Impact of Supply Chain Integrity on Supply Chain Performance with Mediating Competitiveness in Pharmaceutical Companies
Alireza Monadi Sefidan Davood Talebi Akbar Alam Tabriz Hassan FarsijaniThe primary aim of the present study was to provide a model for understanding the impact of supply chain integration on supply chain performance with the mediating role of competitiveness in pharmaceutical companies in Iran. In terms of the purpose and implementation, t MoreThe primary aim of the present study was to provide a model for understanding the impact of supply chain integration on supply chain performance with the mediating role of competitiveness in pharmaceutical companies in Iran. In terms of the purpose and implementation, this research is an applied and descriptive-causal study, respectively. It employed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to collect the research data in which the Alpha was calculated at 0.91, showing a high level of internal consistency. The research population comprised 146 active manufacturing companies in pharmaceutical industry of I.R. Based on the Cochran's formula, the data was obtained from a randomly selected sample of 98 executive managers with a minimum of five-year experience who were assumed to be competent respondents acquainted with various supply chain issues. SPSS 24 and PLS software were employed to conduct the inferential analyses of the research data via Factor analysis, multiple regression and correlation The findings revealed that the supply chain integration influences world class performanceand competitiveness and that competitiveness impacts onworld class performanceas well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Relationship Between Institutional Cross-Ownership and the Cost of Equity according to Product Market Competition
Mansour khojasteh ahvazi fatemeh SarrafAs institutional investors can influence corporate decisions and product market strategies, institutional cross-ownership changes the way companies operate and make decisions. The relationship between Institutional Cross-Ownership and the cost of equity according to pro MoreAs institutional investors can influence corporate decisions and product market strategies, institutional cross-ownership changes the way companies operate and make decisions. The relationship between Institutional Cross-Ownership and the cost of equity according to product market competition. The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 152 companies were selected as the sample of the research in an 8-year period between 2013 and 2021. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from Codal website and companies' financial statements and then Eviews software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that the cost of equity for companies with Institutional Cross-Ownership is lower than other companies, and the negative effect of Institutional Cross-Ownership on the cost of equity is greater in markets with higher product competition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Meta method approach; In the significant areas of urban brand studies in the field of competitiveness
pardis pakan Toktam HanaeeNowadays, cities are competing in various fields. Not only is this competition longer relevant to neighboring cities, but it also happens in a network of global cities. Urban branding is one of the most important tools of competitiveness on different scales from urban t MoreNowadays, cities are competing in various fields. Not only is this competition longer relevant to neighboring cities, but it also happens in a network of global cities. Urban branding is one of the most important tools of competitiveness on different scales from urban to global levels. So far, the concept of city branding has been discussed by various fields such as tourism, marketing, economy, art, media and advertising in the form of different topics such as brand creation and evaluation, brand regeneration, urban brand strengthening and city brand management. However, the multidimensionality of the concept of urban branding and its connection with different fields and sciences as well as the context of its occurrence in the environment and system has brought plenty of major challenges and difficulties to the research in this field of study. One of the most important of them is the challenge of meaning and efficient and comprehensive scientific methodology. The present research is carried out with combined approaches at the same time to reach a theoretical consensus, and the presentation of a conceptual model is done with an emphasis on scientific and creative methodology. In terms of practical philosophical orientation, it uses a practical purpose and exploratory-descriptive nature. By examining and studying previous bodies of research, the present study seeks to answer the question of how and with what kinds of processes, methods, and tools in the context of urban studies, city branding can be done in the domain of city competitiveness. Therefore, it summarizes and analyzes previous studies through a meta-method approach. After defining the main research question, relevant scientific sources from different channels and databases were selected, which included Web of Science (for foreign articles) and Iran Doc (for Ph.D. theses). Next, data sources were identified according to the parameters as follows: 1) the use of primary data (except review articles), 2) the thematic relationship of previous studies with the goal and in response to the question of the current research, and 3) the timeline. The present article studies urban branding based on the paradigm shift of the concept over time, into five categories including (1) advertising and urban recovery, (2) urban marketing, (3) presentation of 12 models of urban branding, (4) the city brand management and the evaluation and effectiveness of city branding, and finally (5) the emergence of urban studies into the concept of city branding. Finally, the results of the study indicate that the use of purely quantitative or qualitative methods is accompanied by serious inadequacies in the final results and ultimately leads to a one-dimensional approach to the subject. Therefore, considering the complexity of the city system and the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of urban branding, it is the most appropriate approach to plan future studies and explain the place of urban science in the concept of city branding. In addition to that, it is methodologically considered a hybrid approach and technically an interdisciplinary approach because it provides the possibility of using scientific models and tools from different disciplines and leads to the creative application of scientific methods from various disciplines of urban studies and novel scientific tools and can be an effective step towards creating common literature in the atmosphere of scientific discourse in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Identifying Competitive Activities in the Arak Metropolitan with Economic Sustainability Approach
mina eftekharnia کرامت الله زیاری majid naderiThe rapid growth of urbanization and process of globalization has brought expansion of the competitiveness conception at international, national, regional and local levels by the last century. According to the intercommunication among different environmental, social and MoreThe rapid growth of urbanization and process of globalization has brought expansion of the competitiveness conception at international, national, regional and local levels by the last century. According to the intercommunication among different environmental, social and economic aspects, inattention to other sectors, but more attention to the economic field though, causes an increase in peripheral and social damage in urban and regional systems. Through the last decades, Iran has also faced with the plenty of problems of unsuccessful economic development, which has led to social and environmental damage. So that it is essential for managers and urban planners to consider peripheral and social indicators in order of economic development. In the present research, an attempt has been made to determine sustainable competitive activities for the Arak metropolitan area in which it is tried to extract the most appropriate indicators using documentary methods and content analysis to measure the condition of development and competitiveness of Arak metropolitan. Field activities has been extracted by using spatial coefficient, share change analysis, export to other provinces, and natural capacity of the region. Finally, using TOPSIS method, and basing on the two criteria of economic activities through first competition and its sustainability in superior economic activities, sustainable activities with competitive advantage were determined for using in the region. Accordingly, the activities of industrial production (manufacturing), electricity, gas, steam, air conditioning, drinking water supply and purification, transportation, warehousing, agricultural activities, forestry and aquaculture have been considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Analysis of Iran's Tourism Competitiveness in Comparison with Competitors of the 1404 Vision Document
Saideh Alavi Hossein Nazmfar Mohammad HasanzadehConsidering the importance of the tourism industry in the growth of the economy and sustainable development of countries and the increasing competition in this industry, this article has been done with the aim of analyzing the competitiveness of tourism in Iran compared MoreConsidering the importance of the tourism industry in the growth of the economy and sustainable development of countries and the increasing competition in this industry, this article has been done with the aim of analyzing the competitiveness of tourism in Iran compared to competitors in the 1404 vision document based on 2017 data. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The studied indicators include environmental empowerment, tourism policies, infrastructure and natural and cultural resources that have been analyzed using the Prometheus model. Findings of the article showed that the United Arab Emirates with a net flow of 0.480 is Iran's main tourism competitor. After the UAE, Qatar's neighbor is next with a net flow of 0.374. Iran is also ranked 17th with a net flow of -0.221. Iran's rival countries in the Vision 1404 document are the United Arab Emirates in the Middle East, the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus, and Kazakhstan in Central Asia, respectively. Iran's main competitors in terms of environmental empowerment, tourism and infrastructure policies are the United Arab Emirates and Turkey in terms of natural and cultural resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - The Effect of Marketing Information Systems in Establishing Competitive Strategies in Dermo-Cosmetic Companies
Elnaz Sadeghipor sedigheh tootian Leila Saeidi -
Open Access Article
230 - Vehicle Routing Problem with a Time Window and Stochastic Demand and by Assuming a Competitor in Meeting the Customers' Demands
Behzad Ghasemi Ebrahim Mohammadipirlar Amir Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
231 - The role of new knowledge-based cities in enhancing national competitiveness Case study: The new city Andishe.
رحیم سرور میترا انصاری نوبخت سبحانیKnowledge-based city is a new concept in the new millennium. Although some signs of the concept of knowledge city can be traced to a decade ago, but it was since the begining of the twenty-first century that some cities around the world tended towards the concept of kno MoreKnowledge-based city is a new concept in the new millennium. Although some signs of the concept of knowledge city can be traced to a decade ago, but it was since the begining of the twenty-first century that some cities around the world tended towards the concept of knowledg-based development. The present study reviews the role of new knowledge-based cities in enhancing national competitiveness in a new city named Andishe by using a descriptive- analytic approach. The results revolve around three main areas, i.e. knowledge-based, competitiveness, and modern developed. The multi-criteria decision analysis methodology (TOPSIS) was used to analyse the results. According to the findings resulted from TOPSIS, the sub-criterion “quality of life” for the advanced component, the sub-criterion “product factors” for the competitiveness component, and the sub-criterion “caring about the potential ability of citizens” for the knowledge-based, respectively, were the first three priorities. Thus, after integrating the sub-criteria, results show that “caring about the potential ability of citizens”, “high quality for life” and “access to information technology” are the first three priorities with 1, 0.377, and 0.324 respectively as their scores, and other sub-criteria, such as research activities, demand condititions, and trade networks are the last priorities, and their impact is less than other components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Urban Tourism Competitiveness in Iran (Applying Dwyer’s Integrated Model)
Esmaeil Ghaderi seyed sepehr aarabiHigh competitiveness of the destinations is one of the key factors of success and benefiting from tourism in the international tourism market. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the determinants of tourism competitiveness in Iran using Dwyer’s integrated mo MoreHigh competitiveness of the destinations is one of the key factors of success and benefiting from tourism in the international tourism market. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the determinants of tourism competitiveness in Iran using Dwyer’s integrated model. After selecting the indicators and categorizing them into six groups, a questionnaire was developed and 129 questionnaires were completed through a web survey. The study population included all employees of the public and private tourism sector as well as professors and students of tourism field were selected. In addition to identifying the determinants of competitiveness of urban tourism, competitiveness of urban tourism was analyzed using OECD indicators. In order to test the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The results revealed that among the six key determinants of competitiveness of urban tourism, only endowed resources (with a total average of 4.17) and situational condition (with a total average 3.55) had relatively favorable conditions. The analysis of the relationship between tourism and six determinants of competitiveness revealed that endowed and created resources have had greater, direct and indirect effect on the competitiveness of urban tourism. Accordingly, protection and enhancement of the environment, the diversification and development of recreational activities, festivals and exhibitions, quantitative and qualitative improvement of tourism guides and information as well as marketing and advertising are suggested as the main recommendations of the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Optimal Placement based on Distributed Generation to Improvement of Voltage Stability in Multi-Phase Distribution Systems
Mohammad Kazeminejad Saheb Khanabdal Mozhdeh Karamifard -
Open Access Article
234 - Investigating The Impact of Human Resources Development on Sustainable Competitive Advantage with The Mediating Role of Organizational Innovation (Study Case: Parsian Gas Refinery Company)
Afshin Zarif Abdoljavad Khalili mokhtar ranjbarThis research designed to investigate the impact of human resources development on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational innovation in Parsian Gas Refining Company.This inquiry is an applied-base objective , a correlation-base natur MoreThis research designed to investigate the impact of human resources development on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational innovation in Parsian Gas Refining Company.This inquiry is an applied-base objective , a correlation-base nature/methodology.The population comprises all the employees of the above organization , the number of them added up to 1206 individuals in 2023.The sample includes 292 subjects based upon Krejcie & Morgan Table (1970) which appointed in proportionate simple random sampling.The data gathering tools have been three standard questionnaires of Banmairuroy et al. (2021). The validity of the research was done by referring to professors and experts. The reliability of this research was checked and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha criterion in SPSS software. SmartPLS3 software was used to analyze the data. The findings show that:The human resources development is posetively and significantly via mediating role of organizational innovation related to sustainable competitive advantage.The human resources development is posetively and significantly related sustainable competitive advantage.The human resources development is directly and significantly related to organizational innovation.The organizational innovation is reversly and significantly related to sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Competitiveness of New Cities (Study Sample: Parand New City)
saeed sabooni mostafa behzadfar Hamidreza saremiCompetitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and bench MoreCompetitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and benchmarks, some international organizations offer competitive rankings of cities by introducing their indicators. Given that new cities have great potential to create competitiveness, so the study of factors affecting the competitiveness of the new city of Parand can be a step towards identifying these factors. This study aims to identify the most effective competitiveness factors of Parand city with a qualitative-quantitative method and using the Granded Theory approach in the qualitative section and with a causal-comparative method answers the question that what are the competitiveness factors of the city and to what extent are they effective in increasing the competitiveness of this city?. In the qualitative stage, 61 concepts were obtained in open coding, which was reduced to 19 main and pivotal concepts in axial coding. In a quantitative stage, a questionnaire was developed based on it. In analyzing the results, it was found that the most important legal and organizational governance is investment, the coefficient of determination of each of which is 1, followed by policy-making with a value of (0.967) and national political space with The value (0.846) is in the next ranks and the lowest of them is justice with the value (0.383). Other indicators had a coefficient of determination in the medium range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Measuring Monopoly Power of Manufacturing Industry in Iran: Stochastic Frontier Functions Approach
Farhad Khodadad Kashi Jafar Ebadi Seyed Ziaoddin Kiaalhoseini Khalil HeidariAbstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup o MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup of nearly 98 percent of manufacturing industries is between 10 and 40 percent and they have an uncompetitive behavior. The average industries markup in Iran had a rising trend over time, reducing their average returns to scale. According to the results; there are suggested canceling the exclusive advantages that used to grant to some industries, lowering the tariff for increasing foreign competition with implementation necessary standards in order to production, importing industerial outputs and expanding industerial activities in the form of cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Assessing the Structure of Bank Deposits Market in Iran
mohammad nabi shahiki tash kamran mahmoodpourAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied dur MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries of USA, U.K & Canada
somaye azami mojtaba almasi afsaneh golmohammadiThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simult MoreThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simultaneous equations, and considering interoperability among market elements.Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures (PACE) and environmental innovations are substitute variables for environmental regulations and competitiveness subsequently. The results show that increased industries expenditure to reduce emissions significantly increases their innovations and this proves Weak Porter Hypothesis (WPH) indicating positive impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness of the industries. Therefore, environmental regulations promote not only environmental quality, but also improve the industries competitiveness. The results, also, confirm the view that environmental policies are a win-win strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The Home Market Effect on Exports and Manufacturing Products in Iran
Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori Saeed Rasekhi mohammad reza mardaniAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics Center for the period 2001 to 2013. Results show that home market effect exist only in the industry of "production of motor vehicles, trailer and semi-trailer". Therefore, high demand for the products of this industry can lead to exports. In other industries, relatively high demand for the products of these industries in country will generally lead to be a net importer of these goods. Based on the results, investment in the industry, which has the home market effect, is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) Approach for Optimization of the Surface Grinding Process
Ahmad Afsari Mohammad Ramezani Shahin Heidari Jafar Karimi -
Open Access Article
241 - Study of the Impact of Supply Chain Sustainability Dimensions on Sustainable Competitive Advantage with the Mediating Role of Production Flexibility and Strategic Flexibility (Case Study: Dairy Industry of Fars Province)
Shahab Heidari Belgheis Bavarsad Majid Nili Ahmad Abadi Saber Mola Alizade ZavardehiIn today's competitive markets, organizations must possess a high level of adaptability to gain a competitive edge. To explore the impact of a sustainable supply chain on sustainable competitive advantage, this study examined strategic flexibility and flexibility-produc MoreIn today's competitive markets, organizations must possess a high level of adaptability to gain a competitive edge. To explore the impact of a sustainable supply chain on sustainable competitive advantage, this study examined strategic flexibility and flexibility-productivity as mediating variables. The research focused specifically on the dairy industry in Fars province and involves industry experts from the domestic sector, selected through judgment sampling. Data was collected via a questionnaire, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed for analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of supply chain sustainability have a significant influence on product flexibility. Additionally, these dimensions have a notable impact on strategic flexibility, except for the social dimension's effect on production flexibility. Furthermore, both production and strategic flexibility positively and significantly contribute to the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. In conclusion, this research highlighted the importance of a sustainable supply chain in attaining sustainable competitive advantage. The economic, environmental, and social dimensions play a crucial role in enhancing both product and strategic flexibility. By embracing sustainable practices and fostering flexibility in production and strategy, organizations in the dairy industry can maintain a competitive advantage over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - A Novel Optimization Approach Applied to Multi-Pass Turning Process
Amin Kolahdooz Hossein Towsyfyan Seyed Adnan Adnani Salehi Majed Ghayyem Farid Mosaedi -
Open Access Article
243 - Optimization of Cutting Parameters Based on Production Time Using Colonial Competitive (CC) and Genetic (G) Algorithms
Hossain Towsyfyan Seyed Adnan Adnani Salehi Shahed Mohammadi Sepideh Hadipour Moradi Basim Freegah -
Open Access Article
244 - Investigating the Impact of Competition in the Product Market Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the Efficiency of Investing in Human Resources in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamid Reza Mohammadi Atefeh AbbasiNowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and effici MoreNowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and efficiency of all organizational processes The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of competition in the product market using Herfindahl-Hirschman index on the efficiency of investment in human resources in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research data has been prepared using the library-documentation method and the statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1393 to 1398. Sampling was done by systematic elimination method and 124 companies were selected as a sample. This research is random, correlation and post-event. Multivariate regression technique using panel data method has been used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between competition in the product market using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the efficiency of investment in human resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - investigate risk, financial flexibility and the role of product market competition in Tehran Stock Exchange companies
ahmed khodamipour Hadis JavanmardIt is important that financial flexibility is very important in the development of company financial decisions in the market. Financial by researchers is considered as one of the important components of the company's decisions, as well as the company's viewpoints to ris MoreIt is important that financial flexibility is very important in the development of company financial decisions in the market. Financial by researchers is considered as one of the important components of the company's decisions, as well as the company's viewpoints to risk the company's decisions. Therefore, this study was aimed at studying the relationship between risk, financial flexibility and the role of product market competition in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Research method of this study based on the purpose of implementation, of the type of applied research, which is done in a correlation method. Information required for testing and analyzing hypotheses from financial statements and their accompanying commentary notes from 130 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange as a statistical sample of 2014 to 2019 and has been edited. Systematic removal method (screening) was also used to determine the sample size and size. Linear regression data and linear regression model are used to test the research hypotheses. The findings from the test hypotheses test showed that the risk and competitiveness of the product market are positively related to financial flexibility and that product market competition has no effect on the relationship between risk and financial flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Disclosure of E-commerce Secrets Stipulated Under the Competition Law of Iran and Law of European Union
vadood barzi Ali Gharibe Ismaeil Saghiri Nsaer MasoudiIn free commercial competition, each company has its own competitive policy, programs and special goals. Each of these entities has two categories of news and information. Some of this information do not have any special confidentiality and, therefore, the other compani MoreIn free commercial competition, each company has its own competitive policy, programs and special goals. Each of these entities has two categories of news and information. Some of this information do not have any special confidentiality and, therefore, the other companies in addition to the general buyers and consumers of products have the right to be aware in order to step into deal with them having sufficient knowledge and information. But, the other category of the information which companies possess are completely confidential and classified. All companies must refrain from acquiring and disseminating such type of information pursuing the aims which include weakening or elimination of competitors, elimination of competition and creation of monopoly. Competition Law covering issues such as electronic commerce regulations under the Iran's legal system and certain treaties, agreements and directives in the European Union's legal system constitute attempts at protecting these trade secrets through prohibition of such actions and incorporation of multiple execution guarantees. In terms of special importance these secret information has in free competition and global trade, the present research tries to study, analyze and assess the concept and state the types of secrets and the legal bases of banning its disclosure in electronic commerce as stipulated under the Competition Law of Iran and Law of European Union by referring to the reliable and valid domestic and international sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Compensation of Actuator’s Saturation by Using Fuzzy Logic and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in a System with PID Controller
Abbas Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar DehnaviPhysical systems always include constraints and limits. Usually, the limits and constraints, in the control systems, are appeared as temperature and pressure limits or pumps capacity. One of the existing limits in the systems with PID controller is associated with the a MorePhysical systems always include constraints and limits. Usually, the limits and constraints, in the control systems, are appeared as temperature and pressure limits or pumps capacity. One of the existing limits in the systems with PID controller is associated with the actuator’s saturation limits. With the saturating of the actuator, the controller’s output and plant’s input will be different and the output signal of controller do not lead the system and their states could not update correctly where this issue makes the system response undesirable. In this paper, by adding a fuzzy compensator that it’s parameters are tuned using imperialist competitive algorithm, the actuator saturation is prevented and the important parameters of the system response, such as setting time and overshoot, are improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - The Competitiveness Status of Iranian Tourism during COVID-19 using Structural Analysis Method (Host community: Ramsar Residents)
Vadood Javan Amani Hamid AkbariOne of the most recent crises facing the international community, including Iran, is the Corona virus. Due to its characteristics, this crisis is different from other crises and has affected the tourism industry much more than other crises. In this regard, the present a MoreOne of the most recent crises facing the international community, including Iran, is the Corona virus. Due to its characteristics, this crisis is different from other crises and has affected the tourism industry much more than other crises. In this regard, the present article tries to identify and cluster the stimuli affecting the tourism competitiveness of Iran for the Corona period using the method of structural analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and behavior of the host community towards the presence of tourists during the outbreak of Covid-19 in the tourist destination. Integrated threat theory was used to shape the theoretical framework. Qualitative research method was statistical population, residents and judgmental sampling method and the number of statistical samples based on theoretical saturation was 21. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed based on content analysis and open and centralized coding. Findings of the study presented new dimensions of host-tourist interaction in the Corona period based on the integration of theories of social exchange and integrated threat. The present article concludes that although the attitude of most people towards the presence of tourists in this period has been negative, but it can be accepted by emphasizing the dependence of livelihood and economy on tourism and conditional reception of tourists and at the same time the health of the people in the country given priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Compilation of agricultural products bundling model
Abas papi Fereydoun Omidi ُSoheila Zarinjoy AlvarThe aim of this research is to Compilation of agricultural products bundling modelThis research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of method, and the foundation's data theorizing approach has been used. The participants in this research MoreThe aim of this research is to Compilation of agricultural products bundling modelThis research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of method, and the foundation's data theorizing approach has been used. The participants in this research include all the experts of the exporting companies of agricultural products in Khuzestan province with at least 10 years of export experience. This research is applied in terms of objective and in terms of qualitative method and the foundation's data theorizing approach has been used. The participants in this research include all the experts of agricultural products exporting companies in Khuzestan province with at least 10 years of export experience.In this part, in the open coding stage, 389 codes extracted from 16 semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable experts and specialists in the research field were converted into 110 more abstract concepts and finally 31 dimensions and 13 main categories in the form of a paradigm model under the title of management, the following factors structure of export, political factors, economic factors, social and cultural factors, laws and government administrative system, government economic policies, export marketing strategy, government support strategies, This can create a good competitive advantage over other competitors and lead to export growth, and according to the conditions of the region, it is possible to use the maximum capacity to achieve efficiency. Used in the export of agricultural products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructural development in the country's transit and logistics space
sorosh oroji Mohamadhoseyan ShokatpoorThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructure development in the transit and logistics area of the country. This study is a quantitative research in term MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructure development in the transit and logistics area of the country. This study is a quantitative research in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of collecting descriptive survey information, and in terms of the method of data analysis. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the employees of Kashtrani Combined Transport Company, whose number was 250, and 120 of them were selected by random sampling. The tool for collecting information in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the measurement tool was performed using the first order confirmatory factor analysis and the factor loading for all items was greater than 0.4. The overall reliability of this questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7. The findings showed that laws and decrees with an impact factor of 0.281, the type of export and import needs with an impact factor of 0.280, the development of multimodal transport companies with an impact factor of 0.286, and hardware and software infrastructure with an impact factor of 0.257. The development of multimodal transportation has a significant impact at the 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The Role of Human Capital Impact on Competitive Advantage with the Mediating Role of Brand Management Capability and Market Dynamics Moderator
fatemeh rezaee rad MohammadBagher Poranjafzadeh ArdakaniToday, the role of intellectual capital in achieving the goals and programs of reputable companies and organizations is important. The lasting effects of this phenomenon on managers and professionals in this field are obvious. Creative directors with intelligent and sci MoreToday, the role of intellectual capital in achieving the goals and programs of reputable companies and organizations is important. The lasting effects of this phenomenon on managers and professionals in this field are obvious. Creative directors with intelligent and scientific planning try to improve the role and impact of these factors in continuous improvement of the quality of activities and organizational excellence. This paper aimed to investigate the role of human capital on competitive advantage considering the mediating role of brand management capability and moderating market dynamics. The research method was descriptive (survey) and applied in terms of purpose.The statistical population of the study is all the managers in charge of 5-star hotels, marketing and sales managers, internal management and employees with a history of 10 years or more. The sample size was estimated based on Cochran formula of 198 people by cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was Al-Sharnobi and Albana standard questionnaire (2021) with 18 items. In this study, content and construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to determine the validity of the questionnaires. The collected data from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and smartpls3 software. The findings showed that human capital had a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage and brand management capability. Market dynamics also had a moderating role in the relationship between competitive advantage and brand management capabilities.And brand management capability played a mediating role between the relationship between human capital and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Analyzing the role of innovation on the competitive advantage of knowledge-based companies
Mina Sarshar Majid Fattahi Niloufar ImankhanOne of the requirements for the development of knowledge-based companies is to pay attention to the category of evaluating their performance.Considering the emergence of companies and organizations whosemain foundation is based on knowledge and the use of ideas, creativ MoreOne of the requirements for the development of knowledge-based companies is to pay attention to the category of evaluating their performance.Considering the emergence of companies and organizations whosemain foundation is based on knowledge and the use of ideas, creativity, and innovations, the need for thecorrect application of knowledge the organization becomes more and more apparent day by day.In ordertotake advantageof market opportunitiesandcreate new products, knowledge-based companies, in additiontoentrepreneurial orientation, need to use effective marketing strategies and sales strategies.Consideringthe extensive changes and continuous dynamics of the business environment,aswell as the importance of the resilience of start-up businesses, especially knowledge-based companies, one of the effective strategies in this field to gain a sustainable competitive advantage is innovation performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the role of innovation on the competitive advantage of knowledge-based companies. This is a review article complemented by observational research and empirical documentation. First, it was studied based on library studies and internet searches in reliable databases such as Scopus,Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar and advanced search in Google In this study,100 domestic and foreign texts were examined, of which 45articles were about competitive advantage and innovation in knowledge-based companies,and finally 15 articles were used.Findings show that innovation capabilities,competitive advantage,marketing can significantly improve innovation performance.Also, the capabilities of resource allocation andresearch and development cansignificantly lead to the improvement of new product introduction.As aresult, creating a competitive advantage of knowledge-based companies dependson innovation and providing a platform for the sales strategy program for managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Relationship of Information Technology with Competitive Advantage and Knowledge Management Capacity
Mohammad Salehi Seyede Zahra Hoseini Dronkolaei Ali Reza Ghasemi KomishaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information technology with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. The research method was applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive and correlation. Statist MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information technology with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. The research method was applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive and correlation. Statistical population was managers and computer operators of Mazandaran Province Airport in the year of 2017 (130 persons). According to Cochran formula sample size was calculated 97 persons. The sampling was done randomly. Data was collected by standard questionnaire (Hongyi et al., 2016), that its validity was confirmed by related experts. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for information technology 0.83, competitive advantage 0.82 and knowledge management capacity 0.80. Data were analyzed by using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Regression tests. The results showed that Information technology had a positive and significant relationship with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. Also the relationship between competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity had confirmed. Regression analysis also indicated a positive relationship between information technology with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Identifying the dimensions of social media on cultural management with a competitive approach in universities: a qualitative analysis based on the opinion of subject experts.
seyedeh somayeh Asadollahzadeh bali Fatemeh Taheri, aliasghar shojaeeThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the role of social media on cultural management with a competitive approach in universities. This study was conducted using a qualitative method using a semi-structured interview and qualitative content analysis wit MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the role of social media on cultural management with a competitive approach in universities. This study was conducted using a qualitative method using a semi-structured interview and qualitative content analysis with a comparative approach. The research community included all the cultural leaders, cultural vice presidents, experienced executive managers in cultural work and senior cultural experts in the universities of Mazandaran province, and a total of 21 of them were selected and their votes and opinions were analyzed by snowball sampling. The research findings have been analyzed by MAXQDA software. The research findings showed the role of social media on cultural management, including the type of culture; How to manage culture; Application of cultural management; The influence of cultural management. Today, the media play a significant role in the advancement of cultural management in society and human civilization by transmitting information and new information and exchanging public thoughts and opinions. With the proper use of social media, favorable conditions can be provided for socialization, and after that, the improvement of the performance style among individuals, organizations, universities, and institutions and in the interaction on the surrounding environment emerges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - China's economic presence in Africa and the areas of competition with the United States
Mohammad Javad Hosseini Ardeshir SanaieAfrica with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic impor MoreAfrica with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic importance of Africa especially the concern for development of extremist violent activities and existence of threats including: Piracy, Human trafficking,.. provided the ground for the US to adopt a new strategy towards the continent. The purpose of this article is to examine the activities of China and areas of competition with the US in Africa.The main question: How has China's economic presence on the continent of Africa influenced the interests, goals and areas of American activities in the continent? and the research hypothesis is: China's expansion in Africa during the new century, along with the priority of non-military strategies on both sides on the continent, have caused the US and China's two-way vulnerability and susceptibility toward each other policies in Africa which drives Washington and Beijing towards cooperation and avoidance of any destructive competition. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفیAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af MoreAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Confrontation and Competition of Iran and the United States in Afghanistan after 11 September 2001
Morteza Mossadeghi Seifolah FazlinejadAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importa MoreAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importance of this country. Iran and the United States had common interests in overthrowing Taliban but this periodic understanding was marred after the United States president George Bush Junior declared Iran as “Axis of Evil” in January 2002 and hostility between the two countries further increased. After Obama came into power in 2009, the possibility of military confrontation lowered. The signing of strategic treaty between the United States and Afghanistan added to Iran’s security concern and mutual concern continued and in some stages Iran was accused of helping Taliban. The withdrawal and the departure of American troops provided another opportunity for interaction with Iran. The United States after a decade of unsuccessful intervention in Afghanistan should realize that Iran is a good partner for improving the prospect of peace and stability in Afghanistan. Both the countries have common interests in many issues in Afghanistan including helping Afghan government, fighting smuggling of narcotic drugs, dealing with crisis of Afghan refugees, helping strengthening Afghan security forces and creating suitable atmosphere for national reconciliation but the tensions in relations of Iran and the United States have hindered attaining these objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Explaining the Relations of Iran and Saudi Arabia within the Framework of Cold War
Nozar Shafiee Farhad GhanbariAbstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite g MoreAbstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite government in Iraq and the Arab uprising in 2011 further confronted Iran and Saudi Arabia. These developments divided the countries of the Middle East region into two groups on the basis of religious ideology. The question raised by the paper is "whether the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia had led the two into a cold war in the Middle East region? The underlying hypothesis is that the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and the efforts of the two for bringing an equilibrium and strategic balance in the region has practically put both the countries in a rivalry situation and cold war. The paper uses descriptive-analytical framework to substantiate the hypothesis. The finding of the study shows that Iran and Saudi Arabia practically are in a state of cold war and the practical finding of the paper and suggestion is that Iran and Saudi Arabia should not close the diplomatic and negotiations channel because in the absence of diplomacy there is possibility that the management of relations may go out of hands of the statesmen and the military commanders may take control of the situation. In that case both the countries will face difficult and unpredictable conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Evolution in Saudi Arabia's Military Strategy: Backgrounds and Reasons
Nader PourakhondiAbstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is more known as an oil exporting state than a military power. Saudi Arabia have always been claiming as the leader of the Arab World and protector of the countries of Saudi Arabia Peninsula but its military force despite spending MoreAbstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is more known as an oil exporting state than a military power. Saudi Arabia have always been claiming as the leader of the Arab World and protector of the countries of Saudi Arabia Peninsula but its military force despite spending considerable amount of money does not have the ability for playing a prominent role in Persian Gulf region’s developments but from 2003, especially after Arab Spring events it has improved its military capabilities and interferes in regional developments. The Saudi Arabia military entered Bahrain after the unrest in that country. At present the Saudi Arabia military forces simultaneously participates in two military operations i.e. air attack in Syria along with international coalition and air and land operation against the Houthies in Yemen. The present article wants to examine the reason of Saudi Arabia military doctrine change from defensive to offensive position. The hypothesis is that the changes which have taken place in security environment of Saudi Arabia have led this country to adopt an offensive military doctrine. The present article has used descriptive-analytical method. The finding of the study shows that the purpose of the change in the military strategy of Saudi Arabia is to contain the regional influence of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Analysis of Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the Basis of Motivational Realism (2005-2015)
Hadi Sadeghi Asl جعفر نقدی عشرت آباد امیرهوشنگ میرکوششAbstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of I MoreAbstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of Islamic world, leadership of Shiites versus leadership of Wahhabi and Saudi's cooperation with West versus Iran's anti-West stands but there has been change and fluctuation in these policies due to change of governments in Iran. The present paper wants to examine the relations between the two countries from a different perspective and distinct from the existing international relations theories and is called motivational realism. The paper examines the relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran from the time of coming into power of Ahmadinejad till now and studies the relations between the two countries in these two periods by a comparative method. The paper wants to know that despite considerable differences between the foreign policies of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani government what has been the Saudi Arabia's reaction to moderate foreign policy of Rouhani? What has been the impact of moderate foreign policy orientation of Rouhani on regional policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Artificial intelligence; The new arena of power competition between China and the United States
Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani Javad Ramezanpour ShalmaniNew technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Ac MoreNew technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Accordingly, none of the major countries and powers want to be left behind in this field. The main research question is, what effect has artificial intelligence had on the competition between China and the United States? Based on the findings, despite the increased competition and challenge between Beijing and Washington in artificial intelligence and related technologies and the imposition of sanctions by the United States against China in the field of hardware related to artificial intelligence, there is significant cooperation between the scientists of these two countries in the field of producing articles and scientific research. There is. Also, Beijing has been able to overtake the United States in the production of scientific articles, patents related to artificial intelligence and big data. The United States is also a leader in the production of hardware and chips and is trying to use this advantage to stop China's progress. This article is done using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - A Study of United States and Saudi Arabia's Reactions to people's Uprising in Bahrain (2011-2012)
Shahrooz Ebrahimi Mohammad Reza Salehi Syed Mohammad ParsaeiBahrain is one of the countries which under the impact of unsuitable political and social conditions and also under the inspiration of Islamic-Arabic awakening in the Middle East and North Africa is witnessing people’s uprising. The present paper is of the view th MoreBahrain is one of the countries which under the impact of unsuitable political and social conditions and also under the inspiration of Islamic-Arabic awakening in the Middle East and North Africa is witnessing people’s uprising. The present paper is of the view that the real cause of people’s uprising in Bahrain is in domestic factors and the structure of society and politics of that country. Saudi Arabia with a different motivation and interpretation on the morning of 14 March dispatched its forces and militarily intervened in Bahrain. The United States also for different reasons kept silent about these developments and in other instances it merely suggested holding of talks between the oppositions and Bahraini government and implementing reforms. The present article wants to answer three basic questions: 1.What are the grounds of people’s uprising in Bahrain? 2. On what logic and basis the United States has kept silent about Bahrain crisis? 3. What are the motivations of Saudi Arabia in militarily intervening in Bahrain? The underlying hypothesis is that the struggle for power and national interest at the macro and regional level for the United States and in regional and internal level for Saudi Arabia is basis of the United States and Saudi Arabia behaviour in Bahrain. The finding of the study shows the main cause of people’s uprising in Bahrain is the cleavage between the government and people due to unequal distribution of wealth, power and position. The United States wants to sustain its hegemony in international system by controlling the lifeline of energy in strategic Persian Gulf region. In this direction the United States wants to retain its security links with the countries of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council by military presence and opposition to Islamic Republic of Iran. To sum up, power and national interests justify the logic of the United States policy in Bahrain. On the other hand, the nature of political system of Saudi Arabia and the resultant fear of expansion of democracy to Saudi Arabia along with competition and regional opposition to Iran is the main motivation of Riyadh in question of Bahrain. The present paper by a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the above issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The Application of Games Theory in Describing the Elections Competitions
Majid Golparvar Mahdieh ShahabiThe Games theory is a mathematical theory for designing، analyzing، and describing conflicting situations. In this game the players involved، on the basis of certain rules are exposed to several choices. The Games theory is a study instrument for use in different level MoreThe Games theory is a mathematical theory for designing، analyzing، and describing conflicting situations. In this game the players involved، on the basis of certain rules are exposed to several choices. The Games theory is a study instrument for use in different level of analysis، from economic، political and military approaches of the government till individual and group relations. By using this theory one can study the logical behaviour of the players and analyze the strategies that they use and give sound suggestions for improving the choices for achieving maximum benefit and suffering the minimum loss. This theory also introduces a set of related concepts that one can use them as a framework for thought about complilcated phenomena. The basic assumption of the Games theory is rationality of the behaviour and the choices of man. Nowadays the games theory is having application in various social and political fields including elections competitions. In the present article by a descriptive-analytical method and by making use of mathematical calculations tries to explain and analyze how Games theory can be used in illustrating elections competitions( rules، kind of game and the possible strategy). It seems that by determining the strategy، kind of game، consequences، the cost of probability matrice and the equilibrium point of the players based on the rules of the games، one can describe and explain elections competitions. The main question of the article is how can we describe and explain the elections competitions on the basis of Games theory? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - An Investigation of the Reasons for Conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia (The Case Study Conflicts in Iraq, Bahrain, and Yemen)
Ehsan Khazri Seyed Hamzeh Safavi Amin ParhizkarAbstract: Iran and Saudi Arabia are two prominent countries in the Islamic World. They play important role in the Middle East region’s developments. The present article examines the developments of the three countries of Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen as the sphere of i MoreAbstract: Iran and Saudi Arabia are two prominent countries in the Islamic World. They play important role in the Middle East region’s developments. The present article examines the developments of the three countries of Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen as the sphere of influence of Iran and Saudi Arabia to find out the root cause competition and rivalry between the two governments and give suggestion for solving the problem. The aim of the present study is to show that the nature of the conflict between the two countries has roots in ideological consideration which originates from the prevalence of contrasting ideological and value system which has led to wide gulf between Iran and Saudi Arabia and strained regional relations. It seems that any attempt to strengthen the grounds of cooperation and interaction and attenuating the tension between the two depends on change in semantic structure of the two governments and flexibility on both sides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - بررسی نقش تعدیلگری استراتژی های رقابتی در تأثیر یکپارچگی زنجیره تامین بر عملکرد مالی و عملیاتی (مطالعه موردی: صنعت تولید خودرو در ایران)
رقیه توده بهمبری منصور صوفی -
Open Access Article
266 - Organizational Sustainable Competitive Advantage using ORESTE, TRIZ, SWOT Approaches in Gray Conditions
درنا تیموری علیرضا علینژاد -
Open Access Article
267 - Earthwork Volume Optimization Using Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm to Minimize Energy Consumption of Agricultural Land Leveling
Isham AlzoubiLand leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation for consequent objectives. Parallel policies need to take both energy and environmental subjects into the account as well as certain financial development and eco-friendly protection. Energy is one of MoreLand leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation for consequent objectives. Parallel policies need to take both energy and environmental subjects into the account as well as certain financial development and eco-friendly protection. Energy is one of the most important elements in agricultural sector. Nevertheless, pollution is linked with the usage of fossil fuels (particularly gasoline) as an energy source. Earthwork optimization plays an important role in reducing the total cost of highway projects. In this research, ICA has been followed to optimize earthwork volume for minimizing energy consumption of agricultural land leveling compared to minimum least squares, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been employed for developing of optimization the energy related and other parameters. The study was specified based on the proposed land leveling project in district of Ahwaz, Iran. The study farm was a 70 ha area and located in the west of Iran. Topography of the farm was mapped in the scale of mapping as fine as 1:500. The outputs of the plan were length, width and height of points (coordinates of x, y and z) and the grid size in the region was 20 m×20 m. The aim of this work was use of new techniques and specifically optimization methods such as Imperialist competitive algorithm, genetic algorithms and PSO in modeling the leveling plane to minimize cut and fill volume and consequently the amount of energy consumption of leveling operations. It has been assumed that soil cut and fill volumes are equal and no need to move/ remove excessive soil. Therefore, there is no need to define a cut/fill variable in the model based on ICA. The results indicated that ICA offers a plan of earthwork, minimizing energy consumption of land leveling more efficiently than minimum least squares, genetic algorithm and PSO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Presenting a model of social innovation institutionalization with an emphasis on competitive advantage in commercial companiesKhuzestan province
Mohammad Sharifzadegan Fatemeh BehjatAbstract In this research, the model of institutionalization of social innovation was presented with an emphasis on competitive advantage in order to gain more market share in complex competitive conditions. Based on the purpose, explanatory and exploratory which tries MoreAbstract In this research, the model of institutionalization of social innovation was presented with an emphasis on competitive advantage in order to gain more market share in complex competitive conditions. Based on the purpose, explanatory and exploratory which tries to determine the pattern of institutionalization of social innovation with emphasis on competitive advantage using Delphi method and structural-interpretive modeling. According to the results of this research, it is of a developmental type and also in terms of collecting information, it is of a mixed type. The statistical population of this research is the experts in commercial companies of Khuzestan province and the sampling method is of the targeted type and with the approach of selecting and using the specialized and scientific approaches of the experts.In order to collect the required data, 8 criteria and 49 sub-criteria were identified by creating a Delphi panel of 18 experts in commercial companies in Khuzestan province based on previous studies.In the order of applying different methods of marketing, the first rank, the focus of social activities, the second rank, the change and modification of marketing approaches, the third rank, focusing on expert human resources, the fourth rank, social marketing, the fifth rank, marketing innovation, the sixth rank, drawing a vision and Creation of common value ranked 7th, networking and development of mental image ranked 8th and the last priority of social innovation institutionalization criteria with emphasis on competitive advantage was achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - The effect of product innovation capacities, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communications on the international performance of companies with the role of mediator of competitive advantage (case study: Asa Tejarat Caspian Company in Mazandaran province)
نادی علیزاده علی توانThe purpose of this research is the impact of product innovation capacities, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communications on the international performance of companies with the role of mediator of competitive advantage (case study: Asa Tejarat Caspian Compa MoreThe purpose of this research is the impact of product innovation capacities, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communications on the international performance of companies with the role of mediator of competitive advantage (case study: Asa Tejarat Caspian Company in Mazandaran province). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research includes all customers of Asa Tejarat Caspian in Mazandaran province, whose number is unknown. Cochran's unlimited population sampling formula was used to determine the required sample size. Based on Cochran's unlimited formula with 5% error, in this research, the sample number is 384 people, which is selected by the available non-probability method. The field method was used to collect the primary data, and the primary data collection tool was a five-choice Likert questionnaire, and the library method was used to collect the secondary data. The validity of the questionnaire has been used using the method of content validity and face validity, and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling method and SMARTPLS software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research showed that product innovation capacities, market intelligence and pricing have a positive and significant effect on the international performance of companies with the mediating role of competitive advantage, but the capacity of marketing communication has no significant effect on the international performance of companies with the mediating role of competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - An analysis of the role of information technology in creating flexible supply chains with the mediating role of trust and industry competitiveness
Saeed Abdi Maryam Souri Mohammad KeshavarzThe current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of information technology in creating flexible supply chains with the mediating role of trust and industry competitiveness. This study is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose and was c MoreThe current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of information technology in creating flexible supply chains with the mediating role of trust and industry competitiveness. This study is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose and was conducted with a survey method. The statistical sample in this study is 183 managers and employees of Ghadir Niriz Steel Company, who were selected by convenience sampling. In order to analyze the data, partial least squares method and Smart PLS-2 software were used. Convergent validity was used to measure validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability, and its coefficient is greater than 0.7 for all research constructs. . The obtained results indicate that information technology has a positive and significant effect on flexible supply chains respectively with the path coefficient (0.411), trust (0.582) and industry competitiveness (0.667). On the other hand, the confidence and competitiveness of the industry also has a positive and significant effect on flexible supply chains. Finally, it can be said that both trust variable and industry competitiveness play a mediating role in the relationship between information technology and flexible supply chain. Therefore, it can be said that paying attention to information technology is necessary in order to create flexibility and trust in the supply chain and competitiveness in the steel industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Representing a Model for Improving Connectivity and Power Dissipation in Wireless Networks Using Mobile Sensors
Nasrin Elyasi Omid Pourgalehdari -
Open Access Article
272 - To Present Method for Rice Variety Identification with Fuzzy-imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Zeinab Faraji Farhad Ramezani Homayun Motameni -
Open Access Article
273 - Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm in Cutting Conditions During Machining
Ahmad Esfandiari -
Open Access Article
274 - Analyze Factors Influencing Tourism Competitiveness (Case Study: Sarein City)
Hassan Afrakhteh Hamid Jalaliyan Ebrahim AramiAmong the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the com MoreAmong the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the competitive strength of the firm. Competitiveness of tourism destination is considered as one of the most important types of spatial competitiveness and an endogenous growth and development industry in many cities around the world. Sarein District has a combination of human and natural attractions and is ecotourist with many abilities. So far, various models have been proposed for tourism competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the tourism competitiveness of Sarein region by utilizing and integrating the two Karachi-Richi and Kano models. The research was carried out with a survey of 573 questionnaires among tourists, business people and local people during the period from June 15 to August 15, 1396. The results were analyzed using factor analysis and LISREL software. Findings indicate that among the six indicators in the consolidation model, priority axis resources, destination management, reinforcement factors, policy planning and destination development, tourist’s satisfaction, factors and backup resources are the priorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Structural analysis of drivers affecting the future status of urban competitiveness (Case study: Tehran metropolis)
Elnaz Behzadpour Mohammad reza Farzad behtash Zahra Saeede ZarAbadiAbstractIntroduction: Urban competitiveness as a new approach in urban planning tries to discuss urban development from a new perspective by having a kind of competition between cities to attract effective capital in development and emphasizing competitive advantage.Aim MoreAbstractIntroduction: Urban competitiveness as a new approach in urban planning tries to discuss urban development from a new perspective by having a kind of competition between cities to attract effective capital in development and emphasizing competitive advantage.Aim of the research: The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the structural effects of effective drivers on the future state of urban competitiveness in the metropolis of Tehran.Research Methodology: Research in terms of practical purpose, collecting information from documentary studies in the form of content analysis and specialized interviews with 20 expertsAnd it is Delphi. 43 Drivers Affecting the Future of Tehran Metropolitan Competitiveness in 7 economic, institutional, physical-spatial, environmental, individual-human, socio-cultural and technological and communication dimensions, which have been processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software.Geographical area of the research: According to the results of the 2016 census, the metropolis of Tehran has a population of 8679936 people in 22 regions, which are settled in an area of 716 square kilometers.Findings and Discussion: The findings of the study indicate that out of 1359 measurable stimuli, 548 relationships with the number 2 have relatively strong impact relationships, plus 196 relationships have the number 3, which means that the key propulsion relationships are very They are many and have a lot of impact and effectiveness. The propulsion clustering system focuses on independent propulsion and about 20 propellants have low impact and effectiveness.Results: The results show that among 43 drivers, 9 drivers are the most important drivers of the future competitiveness of Tehran metropolis, respectively: urban governance, quality of universities and research institutions, e-government, urban form and density, economic stability The system of using intelligent transportation, creating innovation through specialization of regional economy, the existence of knowledge-based and innovative business, urban management planning and market-based management have been identified, so priority should be given to these key drivers in formulating the future strategy of metropolitan competitiveness. Tehran should be provided through the foundation of upstream documents and the content of the urban competitiveness planning plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - راهکارهای کسب مزیت رقابتی بر مبنای استراتژی تمرکز بر مشتریان و بازار برای توسعه و ترویج کسب و کارهای گیاهان دارویی و زینتی در استان ایلام
homayoon moradnezhadi mohamad jasemi hossein mahdizadeمتکی بودن اقتصاد ایران بر درآمدهای نفتی و تأثیرپذیری درآمدها از مسائل سیاسی و اقتصادی، آسیب پذیری اقتصاد کشور را موجب شده است. یکی از راههای مقابله با این چالش توسعه تولیداتی است که ضمن بهبودی وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی سبب افزایش صادرات غیر نفتی شود.ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و زینتی ﻳﻜﻲ ا Moreمتکی بودن اقتصاد ایران بر درآمدهای نفتی و تأثیرپذیری درآمدها از مسائل سیاسی و اقتصادی، آسیب پذیری اقتصاد کشور را موجب شده است. یکی از راههای مقابله با این چالش توسعه تولیداتی است که ضمن بهبودی وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی سبب افزایش صادرات غیر نفتی شود.ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و زینتی ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه وﺳﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، ﻛﺸﺖ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداری ﺻﺤﻴﺢ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﻳﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺻﺎدرات ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻳﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.در این راستای مهم، پژوهش حاضر به راهکارهای کسب مزیت رقابتی بر مبنای استراتژی تمرکز بر مشتریان و بازار برای توسعه و ترویج کسب و کارهای گیاهان دارویی و زینتی در استان ایلام می پردازد.این پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر پارادایم، جز تحقیقات ترکیبی (کیفی – کمی) می- باشد. در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی و در قسمت کمی از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری آن در بخش کیفی صاحبنظران حوزه بازاریابی، کارآفرینی و گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند تعداد 12 نفر انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمی هم صاحبنظران حوزه گیاهان دارویی بودند که تعداد 33 نفر شناسایی شد که مورد سرشماری قرار گرفتند. داده های مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه مقایسه زوجی جمع آوری شد و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice11 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند که نتایج نشان داد، علاوه بر اینکه تمامی راهکارهای های شناسایی شده در رسیدن گیاهان و زیتنی به مزیت رقابتی نقش دارند، شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف رقبا بیشترین نقش را در به مزیت رساندن گیاهان دارویی و زینتی استان ایلام دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Evaluating and Presenting a Model of Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in Khuzestan Using Theme Method
Seyed Ali Jalali Majid NiliAhmadabadi Belqis Bavarsad Saber Mullah Alizadeh Zavardehi -
Open Access Article
278 - Quantification the effects of reduced herbicide doses and nitrogen levels on wheat-Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition
Iman Ahmadi1* Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh Mohmmad-Hossein GharinehA better understanding of factors affecting competition between wheat and weeds can facilitate the development of more effective crop management methods. In order to quantification wheat- Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition in response to nitrogen and Othello OD herbici MoreA better understanding of factors affecting competition between wheat and weeds can facilitate the development of more effective crop management methods. In order to quantification wheat- Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition in response to nitrogen and Othello OD herbicide. A field experiment in 2018-19 was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Nitrogen fertilizer in included five levels of 0, 80, 160, 240 and Unconventional consumption 320 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of Othello OD herbicide in five levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 times the recommended dose (The recommended dose of herbicide is 1.6 L ha-1) was considered as the sub plot. The results showed the dose required for 50% reduction of weed biomass in non-fertilized conditions, was equal to 75% of the recommended herbicide was used. That with increasing nitrogen fertilizer consumption led to lower herbicide dose. So that by consumption 320 kg N ha-1 reached 37% of the recommended dosage of this herbicide. Also, to achieve about 700 g m-2 of wheat biomass, using 185 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer plus 85% of the recommended herbicide dose, or applying 320 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 65% of the recommended dose of herbicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Designing a competitive model of welfare bank in a qualitative way with a social marketing approach
mohammad haghighi Mehdi Karimian Kakolaki Abdul Khaliq Gholami Chenarestan OlyaToday, many efforts of business managers are focused on the issue of competitiveness. On the other hand, some social developments have raised the level of demands and expectations of people in society and the importance of social status and credibility of organizations MoreToday, many efforts of business managers are focused on the issue of competitiveness. On the other hand, some social developments have raised the level of demands and expectations of people in society and the importance of social status and credibility of organizations has increased in turn. Therefore, in this study, the competitiveness model of the Welfare Bank was designed with a social marketing approach using a mixed method. In the qualitative stage of the research, the discovery of the competitiveness model of the Welfare Bank with a social marketing approach was investigated. The study population in this study was the managers of the branches of the Welfare Bank. From among the different branches of this bank, a sample of 127 managers was randomly selected. Necessary information in qualitative research was done through interviews and then data analysis was done through PLS software. Findings of the research in the qualitative stage showed that social responsibility, the bank's adherence to the green marketing approach, creating trust and well-being for customers, implementing customer-oriented policies, emphasizing customer satisfaction and loyalty with targeted marketing methods are factors affecting competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Study of Psycho-social motivations and influencing the youth sports Cyber Games (Case Study: Yazd University students)
مهربان پارسا مهر سیدپویا رسولی نژاد هادی میرزاییان مفردThe purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study MoreThe purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study was conducted as a survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The survey Yazd University students that the sample size was determined based on a formula Cochran 380. In terms of when the study was conducted in the academic year 1394-1393. The results show that all the independent variables and the dependent variable was positive and significant relationship. According to regression analysis, five variables feel a sense of competitiveness, the formation of identity, violence and social interaction in a total of 31% of the variation of cyber games sports explain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - استراتژیهای بازاریابی محصولات ارگانیک در ایران
محمود محمدیان محمدعلی داداشی -
Open Access Article
282 - الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) مبتنی بر روش بهینهسازی مخزن در سد کهیر
علی سردار شهرکی سمیه امایکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خ Moreکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه، رویکرد جدیدی برای پیش­بینی ذخیره مخزن ارائه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک رویکرد جدید در زمینه محاسبات تکاملی است که راه حل بهینه را در مشکلات مختلف بهینه­سازی محاسبه می­کند. این الگوریتم با مدل­سازی ریاضی فرآیند تکامل اجتماعی روانشناختی، رویکرد جدیدی را برای حل مشکلات بهینه­سازی ریاضی ارائه می­دهد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم­ها، سرعت مناسب و سرعت همگرایی بالایی را در یافتن پاسخ بهینه دارد. در این تحقیق از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای بهینه­سازی سالانه مخزن کهیر برای به دست آوردن سیاست­های بهینه استفاده شده است. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار وجود دارد. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار دارد. مقایسه مدل ICA در جمع 100 نشان داد که الگوریتم ICA با میانگین بهترین ارزش تابع هدف 125، 6/114 و 60/85 با تعدادی از ارزیابی­های بیشتر تابع هدف برای دستیابی به ظرفیت بالاتر، پاسخ بهینه است. نتایج حاکی از خطای 1/6 درصدی در اجرای الگوریتم ICA بین انبارهای مشاهده شده و پیش بینی شده است. نتایج استفاده از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای مسئله بهینه­سازی سالانه بیانگر توانایی روش پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Intensification of Rice Production Systems in Southeastern Nigeria: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach
Albert I. Ugochukwu Chuma I. EzedinmaThe Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as r MoreThe Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as rice forms a structural component of the Nigerian diet. Past government inconsistent policies were not successful in securing good market share for domestic rice producers, hence producers suffered great losses. The recent resurgence of interest by the present administration to intensify domestic rice production has yielded positive results. The objective of this study is to analyze and assess the costs and benefits of intensification of rice production systems in southeastern Nigeria using a policy analysis matrix approach. Multi Stage sampling technique was employed in selecting 75 upland and 75 lowland rice farmers who were interviewed with structured and validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The result shows that upland; lowland and double rice cropping systems in southeastern Nigeria are profitable based on the policy analysis matrix (PAM) model, and rice production under various systems and technologies is socially profitable and financially competitive. While there exist comparative advantage in the various production systems, with lowland and double cropping being highest, substantial tax was imposed on rice imports in Nigeria and government investment in intensifying rice production had a positive impact on the output of local rice production. The study concludes with strategies for the development of rice sub sector in Nigeria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Pursuing International Competitiveness in Iranian Wheat Policy
S.S. Hosseini M. TorshiziAfter the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and t MoreAfter the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. This paper investigates the extent to which Iran's government has been able to achieve this objective in the case of wheat. For this purpose, Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) indicators for Iranian wheat are calculated and discussed. Generally, producers’ and consumers’ support is achieved chiefly by distorting market prices. As will be shown, from 1989 to 2006, the PSE increased about 20 times (in real prices), while the level of production increased 1.69 times. However, the PSE had no significant causal relationship with either wheat yield or its area under cultivation. With respect to consumers’ support, this was found to be positive for Iranian wheat, a result that is uncommon for most developed and developing countries. Recent agricultural policies in Iran do not appear to encourage international competitiveness for wheat and are making the wheat economy more dependent on support prices. We suggest that policy makers reconsider the method of subsidization and the pricing system, at least in the case of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - راهبردهای کارآفرینانه افزایش مزیت رقابتی گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام
محمد جاسمی همایون مرادنژادی محمد سلاورزیجستجوی راه­های جدید جهت رقابت در بازارهای رقابتی جوهره­ی اصلی تفکر استراتژیک و استراتژی بازاریابی است. این موضوع همواره مورد توجه صاحب­نظران و اندیشمندان علم اقتصاد بوده و در دهه­های اخیر مورد توجه اندیشمندان مدیریت قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، پژوهش حا Moreجستجوی راه­های جدید جهت رقابت در بازارهای رقابتی جوهره­ی اصلی تفکر استراتژیک و استراتژی بازاریابی است. این موضوع همواره مورد توجه صاحب­نظران و اندیشمندان علم اقتصاد بوده و در دهه­های اخیر مورد توجه اندیشمندان مدیریت قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به واکاوی راهبردهای کارآفرینانه افزایش مزیت رقابتی گیاهان دارویی استان ایلام می­­پردازد.این پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر پارادایم، جز تحقیقات ترکیبی (کیفی – کمی) می­باشد. در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی و در قسمت کمّی از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری آن در بخش کیفی صاحبنظران حوزه بازاریابی، کارآفرینی و گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند تعداد 12 نفر انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمّی هم صاحب­نظران حوزه گیاهان دارویی بودند که تعداد 33 نفر شناسایی شد که مورد تمام­شماریقرار گرفتند. داده­های مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه مقایسه زوجیگرد­آوریشد و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice11 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.نتایج نشان داد، از میان معیارهای بررسی شده (تمایز، کاهش هرینه، تمرکز بر مشتری و بازار، نوآوری و ریسک­پذیری) ، استراتژی تمایزبیشترین نقش را در به مزیت رساندن گیاهاندارویی استان ایلام دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Identification & Analysis of Factors Influencing Educational Strategies Case Study: National Iranian Petrochemical Company
Saeed HadavandThis research seeks to identify and analyze the factors that may influence educational strategy National Iranian Petrochemical Company. It is an applied research which uses descriptive- correlation method. Study on the strategy and human resources of the organization as MoreThis research seeks to identify and analyze the factors that may influence educational strategy National Iranian Petrochemical Company. It is an applied research which uses descriptive- correlation method. Study on the strategy and human resources of the organization as well as having conducted interviews with directors and professionals allowed us to identify eight factors: ‘management, structure, culture, environmental factors, human resources, strategic program, organizational resources and change management’. This finding helped us make questionnaires in order to verify results. Cronbach alpha was used to test reliability it turned out to be 0.86 which is satisfactory. Our statistical population was formed by 146 directors and experts working for Center for Studies and Strategic Planning, specifically in such units as Research and Development, Transactions & Marketing, Quality, Human Resources, Production & Technical Services. Since the number was not beyond control, the questionnaires were distributed among essentially all members of the statistical population. SPSS win 18 was used to analysis data. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis method was used as a both multivariate and dependent method. Results indicate that the above-mentioned eight factors being identified by this study account for nearly 88 percent of all influences that may be exerted on the organization’s educational strategies. This persuades us that these factors have a remarkable effect in the said strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Talent Management Model in the Customs Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Morad Khoshdel Mofidi Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh asadollah mehraraNowadays, there are some fundamental issues in the Customs Administration due to the necessity of keeping up with the modern administrative and systematic practices of the world. These issues are more about attracting, nurturing and retaining talent, which has raised th MoreNowadays, there are some fundamental issues in the Customs Administration due to the necessity of keeping up with the modern administrative and systematic practices of the world. These issues are more about attracting, nurturing and retaining talent, which has raised the importance of the talent management debate in this government agency. The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive model of talent management for the Customs Administration. In order to do this research, due to the need to extract native and specialized characteristics of Customs Organization, to establish a proper framework, we first examined the existing empirical background. Then, after sorting the background, we obtained 139 indices that we selected using Delphi-fuzzy method for expert screening. By purposive sampling, 20 experts were selected. After 4 phases of de-fuzzing, 54 indices remained. The model was evaluated and validated in the Customs Administration through accessible sampling with 367 samples. Through Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) and Expert Chase software: 1. Talent Attraction (0.467) 2. Talent Retention (0.227) 3. Talent Control and Management (0.16) 4. Talent Improvement ( 0.095)Rated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Analyzing the impact of management ability on firm value in response to competitive market threats
Seyed Hesam Vagfi Azam Rajabi Jirandeh Zeynab Nourbakhsh HosseinyThe purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of management ability on firm behavior in response to competitive market threats. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2009 and 2017. I MoreThe purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of management ability on firm behavior in response to competitive market threats. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2009 and 2017. In this study, the ability to manage the independent variable and the company behavior of the dependent variable was considered. The present study is in the category of applied research. If the classification of types of research based on nature and method is considered, the present research method is in the category of research. It is descriptive and in terms of method is in the category of correlational research. In this study, a library method was used to collect data and information. In the data section, the research was done by collecting data from sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and the stock exchange monthly. Based on the systematic elimination method, 133 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance heterogeneity pre-tests, F-Limer test, Hausman test and Jark-Bra test were used and, then multivariate regression test was used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EVIEWS Software). The results showed that the ability of managers affects the company value; in addition, competitive threats affect the relationship between managers' ability and investment in research and development costs and company value; The results obtained in this research are consistent with the documents mentioned in the theoretical framework of research and financial literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Identify the Role of Virtual Production and New Technology on Organizational Agility and Profitability in Competitive Markets
Manizheh Mollaei sara sadat banihashemiDue to changes such as the complexity of competitive markets, new technologies, diversification of consumer needs, reducing the product life cycle and increasing the product diversity of organizations, and maintaining survival in the field of competition, companies must MoreDue to changes such as the complexity of competitive markets, new technologies, diversification of consumer needs, reducing the product life cycle and increasing the product diversity of organizations, and maintaining survival in the field of competition, companies must look for effective methods. The virtual production system, as one of the well-known management methods, helps to achieve agile production and survival in a turbulent environment. The main purpose of this study is to identify agility factors in manufacturing organizations and then to investigate the effects of virtual production strategy on agility capabilities. The present study is a descriptive correlational study. The method of collecting data related to research literature is the library method including various books and articles and domestic and foreign publications and the questionnaire method has been used to collect the data required in this research to test the hypotheses. The statistical population of this study is the employees of Ahangari Novin Company located in Tehran Industrial City, which includes 80 line workers, 20 people working in the financial, administrative, and office sectors, and 30 people working in the undergraduate and management sectors. Due to the specific number of members of the community, Cochran's formula has been used to determine the sample size. The sample size for a population of 130 is 97 people. The inferential statistical methods used in the present study are normality test and regression analysis. The results show that a high level of virtual production is effective in increasing agility. Therefore, it can be said that paying attention to virtual production leads to improving the level of agility and thus increasing the profitability of manufacturing companies in today's competitive environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Identification and Ranking of Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of the Market Share of Refah Kargaran Bank
Abd Reza Amiri Mohammad Haghighi Ali Pirzad Abdolkhalegh Gholimi Chenarestan OuliaThis research has been done to identify and rank factors affecting the growth and development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. The current research is a mixed type of research in terms of its applied-developmental goal and terms of its implementation. The sta MoreThis research has been done to identify and rank factors affecting the growth and development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. The current research is a mixed type of research in terms of its applied-developmental goal and terms of its implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative part of this research includes 50 managers of Refah Kargaran Bank branches in Fars and Bushehr provinces. A statistical sample consisting of 25 branch managers was selected using the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes 600 middle-level employees and managers of Fars and Bushehr Refah Kargaran Bank, among whom 234 people were selected as a sample by simple random method. To analyze quantitative data in this research, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. The findings of the theme analysis using the TOPSIS model showed that the use of customer relationship management policies (needs assessment, responsiveness, satisfaction, and loyalty) with a coefficient of 0.842 had the greatest impact on increasing the market share of Refah Bank, and the support and facilitation services of Refah Bank. Workers with a proximity coefficient of 0.444 are in the last place. The path analysis findings showed that the variables of attracting customers with a rate of 0.504 and electronic banking with a rate of 0.449 had the greatest impact on the development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. According to the investigations carried out about the planning process to increase the productivity of the Refah Kargaran Bank in a competitive environment, weaknesses and threats have the highest coefficients of 9.41 and 8.36, and strengths and opportunities have the lowest coefficients of 7.13 and 6.54. Strategies have been presented in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Developing two 4-parameter and 5-parameter exponential smoothing methods with multiplicative trend for demand forecasting
Sobhan Davarpanah Reza Yousefi Zenouz Amir-Reza Abtahi -
Open Access Article
292 - A novel hybrid meta-heuristic technique applied to the well-known benchmark optimization problems
Amir-Reza Abtahi Afsane Bijari -
Open Access Article
293 - Exact algorithms for solving a bi-level location–allocation problem considering customer preferences
Ehsan Mirzaei Mahdi Bashiri Hossein Shams Shemirani -
Open Access Article
294 - Developing a new stochastic competitive model regarding inventory and price
Reza Rashid Ali Bozorgi-Amiri S. M . Seyedhoseini -
Open Access Article
295 - Solving the competitive facility location problem considering the reactions of competitor with a hybrid algorithm including Tabu Search and exact method
Jafar Bagherinejad Azar Niknam -
Open Access Article
296 - A firefly algorithm for solving competitive location-design problem: a case study
Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Milad Gorji Ashtiani Reza Ramezanian Ahmad Makui -
Open Access Article
297 - Investigating the effective factors on the application of internet marketing dimensions from the point of view of managers and employees of Ramek Dairy Products Company
Mohammad Bahrami Marzieh Yari ZanganehObjective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the application of Internet marketing dimensions from the perspective of managers and employees in Ramek Dairy Products Company. Method: The current research is applied MoreObjective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the application of Internet marketing dimensions from the perspective of managers and employees in Ramek Dairy Products Company. Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is all the managers and administrative employees of Ramek company, there are 442 people, among them, a sample of 206 people was selected using Cochran's formula. Shaltoni (2017) questionnaire including seven dimensions (comparative advantage, complexity, adaptability, innovativeness, competitor pressure, customer pressure of Internet marketing application) and 19 Likert scale items were used to collect data. The results of Cronbach's alpha test, 0.74, indicate the acceptable reliability of the tool. Data analysis and research hypotheses were done with one-sample t-test, one-way variance and Pearson correlation and SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between all factors using internet marketing from the point of view of managers and employees, the highest correlation is related to the adaptability dimension (0.865) and the lowest is related to the innovativeness dimension (0.653) and the hypotheses of the research was confirmed. Also, the findings showed that there is no difference in the willingness to use internet marketing between men and women. The relative advantage variable is affected by age and the complexity variable is dependent on age, education and work experience. Conclusion: The results obtained from this research showed that the benefits of using internet marketing dimensions can be a strategy to maintain competitive advantage and maintain relationships with customers and finally find new customers and satisfy them in Ramek Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Analytical evaluation of Iran's national architecture competitions and explanation of its effective components in promoting the country's contemporary architecture
Seyyed mohammad Soghrati Heydar Jahan bakhsh Hossein SafariThis research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one's identity is the focus of attention of the country's officials. Examining the process of holding Iran's national architectural competitions as a p MoreThis research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one's identity is the focus of attention of the country's officials. Examining the process of holding Iran's national architectural competitions as a platform for expressing intellectual tendencies and comparing the language of contemporary architectural elites can play a significant role in identifying the cities and contemporary architecture of the country. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective components of Iran's national architecture competitions in promoting the country's contemporary architecture in the 1390s. And it is in the applied qualitative-quantitative research group, which collects first qualitative data and then quantitative data with the help of an exploratory design with a mixed method. Its data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 experts and experts and after reaching theoretical saturation, the qualitative data collection process was completed. The quantitative part of the current research was conducted in the form of a survey according to the obtained indicators, and then a preliminary questionnaire was designed. After collecting the questionnaires, the answers were analyzed in two parts, descriptive and inferential. Structural equation modeling was done using Amos Graphic software for the inferential analysis of the research, and the most important factors were obtained from second-order confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, the components involved in holding Iran's national architecture competitions, which can be effective in the growth and promotion of the country's contemporary architecture, were identified and explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - بحران سوریه: تجزیه و تحلیل راهبردهای سیاسی و امنیتی کنشگران درگیر
احسان تقی زاده سالاریدر یکی از خونبارترین تحولات خاورمیانه، از سال 2011 بحرانی سخت سوریه و منطقه را درگیر خود نموده است. در این میان هر کدام از بازیگران منطقهای و یا قدرتهای فرامنطقهای به فراخور وزن و جایگاه و همچنین به تناسب منافع و ملاحظات خود در این بحران مداخله، نقشآفرینی و یا حداق Moreدر یکی از خونبارترین تحولات خاورمیانه، از سال 2011 بحرانی سخت سوریه و منطقه را درگیر خود نموده است. در این میان هر کدام از بازیگران منطقهای و یا قدرتهای فرامنطقهای به فراخور وزن و جایگاه و همچنین به تناسب منافع و ملاحظات خود در این بحران مداخله، نقشآفرینی و یا حداقل اعلام موضع نمودهاند. این مقاله درصدد است تا با بررسی راهبرد سیاسی امنیتی کنشگران منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای در قبال بحران سوریه دلایل و عوامل موثر بر این سیاستها را شناسایی نموده و راهبردها و تاکتیکهای اتخاذ شده توسط این بازیگران را مطالعه نماید. برای بررسی این موضوع سه نظریه سازه انگاری، مکتب کپنهاگ و رئالیسم تدافعی به عنوان چارچوب نظری مورد توجه قرار گرفته و برای آزمون فرضیه از روش تبیینی- تحلیلی بهره برده و با استفاده از ابزار فیش برداری، اسناد و منابع کتابخانهای و اینترنتی و مکتوبات موجود این فرضیه به اثبات رسیده که با توجه به وجود سه نوع از منافع اعم از موازی، متقابل و متداخل، الگوی رفتاری بازیگران دخیل در بحران سوریه، نشان دهنده سه سطح همکاری، رقابت و تقابل در صحنه سیاسی و میدانی سوریه است و هر یک از طرفهای درگیر می کوشند تا با فزون سازی قدرت و نفوذ خود ضمن حفظ و ارتقاء منافع ملی خود و کنترل و تحدید نفوذ و حضور طرف مقابل، دست برتر را داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Hows and Whys of Reuter’s Agreement: From Contraction to Cancellation
Abbasali Rahbar Hassan Sadeghian-e Kumar Olia Farzad Nemati -
Open Access Article
301 - Iran's Regional Role and Russia-US Rivalry in West Asia
Ali Eskandari Jahangir Karami -
Open Access Article
302 - Syrian Crisis: An Analysis of Political and Security Strategies of Involved Actors
Ehsan Taghizadeh Salari Mehdi Zakerian Amiri Davood Hermidas Bavand Kayhan Barzegar -
Open Access Article
303 - The Role of Space in Cooperation and Competition Between Great Powers
Maryam Dorri Vernosfaderani Ardeshir Sanaie Alireza Soltani Kabak KhabiriSpace has increasingly shaped the discourse of international relations in the 21st century. Space has always been an attractive area for cooperation and competition between governments and especially great powers. Space is a relatively new and developing scene in the in MoreSpace has increasingly shaped the discourse of international relations in the 21st century. Space has always been an attractive area for cooperation and competition between governments and especially great powers. Space is a relatively new and developing scene in the international system. The launch of Sputnik not only created the space race, but also accelerated the arms race and intensified the Cold War between the two rival superpowers. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union dominated space activities. At the same time as the competition that has formed in space, there are sometimes collaborations, the International Space Station is one of the projects that brings together space countries and is seen as a symbol of cooperation between governments in space. However, there is still a sense of competition for supremacy in space even in the presence of such cooperation among all governments, whether those who are superior in terms of space technology or those who have less technological ability. The main question in this article is what role does space play in cooperation and competition between great powers? The hypothesis is that the great powers were always competing and seeking superiority in space from the beginning, and based on the theory of neo-realism, they cooperate with each other in space only to secure their interests and protect their space assets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Limitation or Extension of Competition Law from the Point of the View of Imamiah Jurisprudence (Case Study of Lazarar, Yad, Taslit, Jurisprudential Rulest and the institution of Hesbah)
Adel Ebrahimpoor Asanjan alireza naseriCompetition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or MoreCompetition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or noncompliance of Islamic rules with competition Acts and regulations is at great importance, since its sequences on country economy has determinative role. Some of Islamic rule such as “la zrar” seems to be in compliance with competition and others such as “yad” doesn’t have this feature. The other issue should be mentioned in this article is scope of government interference in economy and its analysis according to Islamic rules and jurisprudence based on pros and cons opinions through descriptive-analytical method. It is concluded that the concepts and issues related to competition rights can be seen in the original Islamic resource more frequently than within the framework of laws and regulations of Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - The Effect of Competitiveness Index on mobilization of financial resources in Selected Bourses
mahdi Jafari Abolfazl Shahabadi Vahid omidi,The efficiency and performance of the stock market in mobilization of financial resources because of the impact on the amount and quality of investment has great importance in the economy. Although competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies and factors that can MoreThe efficiency and performance of the stock market in mobilization of financial resources because of the impact on the amount and quality of investment has great importance in the economy. Although competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies and factors that can create a high return on production factors, including capital by maintaining and deepening in business, industry and the country. Therefore, competitiveness is one of the determinants of the returns of stock companies and, consequently, the mobilization of financial resources in the stock market. For this purpose, the present study examines the effects of competitive components on mobilization of financial resources in members of World Federation of Exchanges with using panel data and Generalized Method of Moments(GMM) data from 2007 to 2019.The results of the research show that innovation-driven factors (INV), efficiency-driven factors (EFF) and basically-based factors (BAS) have a positive and significant effect on investment flow of the stock market financial resources. Also, liquidity of the stock market and real interest rate have a positive and significant effect on investment flow of the stock market financial resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran
HAMID OMIDI , Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei, Esmaili, Mohammad RezaThe purpose of this study was to Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative. This research is descriptive and is in the field of strategic studies. The statistical po MoreThe purpose of this study was to Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative. This research is descriptive and is in the field of strategic studies. The statistical population of the study included all individuals active in physical training of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and active specialists in physical training of AJA, as well as athletes and coaches who had a history of participating in seismic competitions. The statistical sample was purposefully selected from the community and continued until the theoretical saturation of the interview (12 open interviews). The tools used in this study were interviews and discussions with elites, library studies. To achieve the objectives of the research using the Delphi method, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of hosting and hosting World Army competitions in Iran was prepared and finalized in three stages with the opinion of experts. The results of this study showed that the strategic position of the country in hosting seismic competitions was in a so or competitive situation. Also, 9 general strategies in the field of seismic hosting in the country were developed by the Strategic Research Council. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Explaining the factors affecting the quality of hosting international military competitions (SIZM) based on the oral history approach
Hooman Ordookhani farshad Tojari Zinat NikaeenConsidering the increasing importance of international military competitions (SISM) at the global level, the need to improve the quality of hosting in these competitions is felt more and more. This research aims to explain the factors affecting the quality of hosting in MoreConsidering the increasing importance of international military competitions (SISM) at the global level, the need to improve the quality of hosting in these competitions is felt more and more. This research aims to explain the factors affecting the quality of hosting international military competitions by using the oral history approach and the descriptive-analytical research method. Based on the findings of the research, the responses of the statistical community of the research were focused on five components, which include security, location and accommodation conditions, socio-cultural conditions, political conditions and finally the opening and closing conditions of the games. Based on the answers of experts; Iran's conditions and performance in order to improve the security of all players and spectators have been evaluated as very favorable. In addition, the opening and closing conditions, as well as the accommodation of the athletes, and all the basic indicators in the location of the temporary residences of the players, were given due attention. However, one of the main restrictions on Iran's hosting conditions in Sizm competitions based on the response of the statistical community is the socio-cultural and political conditions governing the country, which are mentioned in detail at the end of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Designing an interpretive structural model (ISM) of branding in business (Case of study: Petrochemical Industries of Iran)
hamed anvaripour Farshid Namamian fakhredin marofinaghdehi Farhad VafayiToday, with the expansion of globalization, increasing competition, the entry of various domestic and foreign companies, diverse products and advances in technology, maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty has become difficult. One of the characteristics of succes MoreToday, with the expansion of globalization, increasing competition, the entry of various domestic and foreign companies, diverse products and advances in technology, maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty has become difficult. One of the characteristics of successful companies today is competitiveness. The main purpose of this study is structural-interpretive modeling of brand competitiveness in the petrochemical industry. This research is a qualitative-quantitative exploratory mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research includes faculty members and experts in the field of industrial management, marketing and branding, professors familiar with the subject of research and managers and deputies with experience in petrochemical companies in the country using 16 snowball sampling method were chosen. In a small part, the statistical population includes personnel (managers, deputies and experts) of the marketing and sales department of the country's petrochemical companies. For sampling, due to the small size of the statistical population and the irreversibility of the questionnaires, the whole number has been used and the whole population has been considered as a sample in a small part (N = 255). The research tool in the qualitative part of the interview is semi-structured and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis in the qualitative part, fuzzy Delphi theme and technique analysis has been used and in the quantitative part, ISM technique has been used for data analysis. In the qualitative part of the research, a total of 14 variables were identified as factors affecting the competitiveness of the brand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - .The role of firm size on the relationship between transaction costs and the competitiveness of auditing firms.
fatemeh sarrafAuditor competition is a very important issue and to understand the nature of competition, it is necessary for auditors' competitive position to be properly measured. Increased competition in the auditing market, on the one hand, the increase of private auditing firms i MoreAuditor competition is a very important issue and to understand the nature of competition, it is necessary for auditors' competitive position to be properly measured. Increased competition in the auditing market, on the one hand, the increase of private auditing firms in this market, and on the other hand, the importance of the issue of fees for the mentioned auditing firms, research on auditing fees is important.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transaction costs on the competitiveness of auditing firms with a moderating role of firm size. For this purpose, two hypotheses were compiled and data related to 67 member companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2018 were examined. The research was an applied research and multivariate regression method and data panel model (year / company) were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that transaction costs have a significant and positive effect on the competitiveness of auditing firms and company size has a moderating role on the relationship between transaction costs and competitiveness of auditing firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial and Non-Financial Performance; Structural equation modeling approach
Mohammad Reza Radfar Mansoureh AligholiThis research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial and Non-Financial Performance. The research method is based on the objective, applied, and in terms of the method of doing the work, descriptive survey. The statisti MoreThis research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial and Non-Financial Performance. The research method is based on the objective, applied, and in terms of the method of doing the work, descriptive survey. The statistical population of the present study includes employees and managers of small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses in Tehran, and a sample of 277 people was selected using the available sampling method and Cochran formula, and the data collection tool of this research is a questionnaire which validity and reliability have been confirmed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and the results indicate the positive effect of all dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation including innovation, risk-taking, proactiveness, Competitive aggressiveness and Autonomy on financial performance and non-financial performance. Finally, since the effect of all aspects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on financial and non-financial performance was confirmed, it can be concluded that Entrepreneurial Orientation has an effect on financial and non-financial performance in small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Study of Relationship between Environment, Marketing Strategy and Performance in Food Industries
Seyaed HamidrezaRezaei Nikoo Nader GharibnavazThis study aimed to assess relationship between environment, marketing strategy andperformance at business level in food industries. Thus, the method of this survey is a descriptiveone that follows a practical objective. This research contains 2 main assumptions and 9su MoreThis study aimed to assess relationship between environment, marketing strategy andperformance at business level in food industries. Thus, the method of this survey is a descriptiveone that follows a practical objective. This research contains 2 main assumptions and 9subsidiary assumptions. The target subjects of this research are managers, sales supervisors andsales professionals in the food industry. According to Cochran formula the sample size is 384.Questionnaire was used to collect data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used as normality testand Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis wasdone by LISREL software. After analyzing the data, all hypotheses were accepted. According tothe result, attractiveness of the market, competitive position and aggressiveness, defensivenessand differentiation strategies had the most impact on performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Perfectionism and Competitive Anxiety in Athletes
Mohammad Ali Besharat Seyedeh Asma Hoseinin order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (nega Moren order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism), 173 volunteer athletes (115 males, 58 females) from different Iranian sport federations participated in the current study and completed the Competitive Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2009a) and the Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety Questionnaire (Besharat, 2009b). The results revealed that 1) striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) was negatively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety, and positively associated with self-confidence, 2) negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism) was positively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety and negatively associated with self-confidence, and 3) dimensions of perfectionism can predict changes related to athletes' competitive anxiety. Moreover, striving for perfection decreased competitive anxiety and increased self-confidence through reinforcing personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and concentration while performing sport skills and techniques. Conversely, negative reaction to imperfection, increased competitive anxiety and decreased self-confidence by weakening personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and disturbing concentration while performing sport skills and techniques Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Rejection and organization justice
Mahin Tavakoli Warren ThorngateContent analysis of semi-structured adults about losing an important organizational competition examined how three types of social justice : procedural, distributive, and interactional, affect the experience of rejection. All participants reacted MoreContent analysis of semi-structured adults about losing an important organizational competition examined how three types of social justice : procedural, distributive, and interactional, affect the experience of rejection. All participants reacted to losing with feeling of sandness, anger, frustration, and a tendency to criticize the decision – participants also withdrew from subsequent competitions. These negative feelings motivated all respondents engage in social comparison with the winner, and use the comparison to judge whether the decision – making process was fair. Social comparisons that led to a judgment of being unfairly treated, or that showed the winner to be less qualified, intensified the respondents’ negative feelings towards the judges and retarded recovery from negative feeling and thoughts associated with the rejection or loss. To cope with these negative feelings, participants adopted various psychological and behavior strategies such as finding meaning or benefit in the rejection or loss, and trying other competitions. Persistent negative feelings were related to receiving impolite, disrespectful, or insufficient feedback about competition results. Managerial implications are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Design of an internal control (IC) for molecular diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mohammad Hassan Shahhosseini Maryam Ghahri Elham MoslemiBackground & Objectives: Tuberculosis is the second reason of deaths caused by known infectious agents. Although molecular approaches, such as PCR, are suitable techniques for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), these techniques suffer of variable results MoreBackground & Objectives: Tuberculosis is the second reason of deaths caused by known infectious agents. Although molecular approaches, such as PCR, are suitable techniques for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), these techniques suffer of variable results in different laboratory conditions. This study aimed to design, manufacture and apply an internal PCR control used for detection of MTB. Materials & Methods: To produce special MTB internal control, first individual PCR test primers was optimized for molecular detection of MTB, and then their sensitivity and specificity were measured. The composite primer for IC-MTB was also designed, replicated and colonized. The amplified IC-MTB was ligated to pTZ57R plasmid and was transformed into E. coli JM107. The minimum IC number in each PCR reaction was studied using dilution and PCR response spectrum with IC. Results: The size of MTB diagnostic products with individual primers and IC-MTB were was 245 bp and 660 bp, respectively, which is a suitable difference in the size aspect. Minimum IC number was identified 1000 for each reaction. Minimum and maximum sensitivity PCR test by IC for MTB DNA was determined 10 and 10 million bacteria, respectively. No unwanted products were observed in characteristic tests by different agents. Conclusion: Using an internal control as an inside control system we could detect the errors in MTB molecular diagnosis test. In fact, IC amplification is representative of correct procedure in amplification and detection steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - A comparative study of repressive measures against economic competition in Iranian and European Union criminal law
Rana Nadali Jaloukhani Mohsen Shekarchizade Faramarz AtrianIt reveals the need to reactive appropriate legal measures, the violation of competition law and committing the criminal phenomenon of disturbing economic competition. Guiding the process of verdict and implementing of these measures, requires the establishment of legal MoreIt reveals the need to reactive appropriate legal measures, the violation of competition law and committing the criminal phenomenon of disturbing economic competition. Guiding the process of verdict and implementing of these measures, requires the establishment of legal institutions, that in the European Union, it has been subjected to a system of multiplicity of complaints and follows the principle of unity in Iranian competition law. the application of criminal repression, as the last solution in the chain of legal measures, is exclusively within the jurisdiction of the competent national courts in both systems of criminal policy, despite this difference, its role in Iran's legislative criminal policy has been more prominent than the European Union and has created challenges. However, it has not been ignored the attention of both criminal policy systems to the necessity of a Variety of reactionary measures to the alleged criminal phenomenon and it has caused anticipate mechanisms based on non-criminal repression and also restorative measures, however, recent measures are still recent and require further support in both criminal policy systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Effect of Competitiveness and knowledge-based Economics Indicators on the Economic Resilience in the Selected Countries of the Shanghai Group
فرحناز پیمانه محسن زاینده رودی Syed Abdul Majeed Jalai Isfandabadiچکیده: سازمان همکاری شانگهای نمادی از زنجیره همگرایی منطقهای در آسیا به شمار میرود که بهواسطه موقعیت اقتصادی و یا اجتماعی کشورهای عضو و همچنین پوشش جغرافیایی این گروه در سطح جهان قابل توجه است. از سویی تفاوتهای عدیده در زیرساختهای اقتصادی کشورهای عضو و سطح درآمدی آ Moreچکیده: سازمان همکاری شانگهای نمادی از زنجیره همگرایی منطقهای در آسیا به شمار میرود که بهواسطه موقعیت اقتصادی و یا اجتماعی کشورهای عضو و همچنین پوشش جغرافیایی این گروه در سطح جهان قابل توجه است. از سویی تفاوتهای عدیده در زیرساختهای اقتصادی کشورهای عضو و سطح درآمدی آنها، بررسی شاخص تابآوری در گروه شانگهای بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در واقع شاخص تابآوری به دنبال ارزیابی قابلیت سازگاری اقتصادی یک کشور و یا گروهی از کشورها در مقابل شوکهای ایجادشده و نهایتاً پتانسیل بازگشت به سطح تعادلی مطلوب است، لذا بررسی سطح تابآوری در گروه شانگهای میتواند دورنما و آینده این سازمان را با وضوح بیشتری نشان دهد. در این پژوهش از روش اقتصادسنجی پانل فضایی در دوره زمانی 2020-2014 استفاده شده است. لذا دو معادله بررسی و مدل SAR با روش اثرات تصادفی پذیرفته شده است و نتایج نشان میدهد که متغیرهای حجم تجارت و نوآوری بر شاخص تابآوری، تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - The Influence of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the competition indices in Iran’s Economy (1979-2013)
وحید منافی انور فرهاد خداداد کاشی جهانگیر بیابانی فاطمه پاسبانAbstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growt MoreAbstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growth, as compared with other countries , its money will be strengthened. Growth of each economic factors such as gross domestic product and partial sale and employment result in demand increasing for that foreign currency and consequently its strengthening.On other hand, some policies can increase the international competition power for one country in clued micro economics and macro economics.The purpose of this research would be considering the change real exchange rate and its effects on the competition indices in Iran’s economy during the period of 1979-2013 The equations are estimated by VAR test and using eviews6. Estimation results show that oil incomes and budget deficits had negative effects on real exchange rate, and GDP and liquidity had positive effects on real exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Designing a Model for Explaining Competitive Tejarat Bank
سیامک جعفری نرگس دل افروز کامبیز شاهرودی yalda rahmatiAbstractThe purpose of writing the current research is to represent a model to measure competitive strength in Tejarat bank. Data gathering ‎tools are interview and questionnaire. Statistical society includes two different parts of Tejarat Bank experts (10 ones) and MoreAbstractThe purpose of writing the current research is to represent a model to measure competitive strength in Tejarat bank. Data gathering ‎tools are interview and questionnaire. Statistical society includes two different parts of Tejarat Bank experts (10 ones) and experts ‎along with 1750 managers in different levels of the bank from which 316 ones were selected by Cochran sampling formula. First of ‎all, preliminary mdel was extracted interviewing experts. Continuously applying structural equation model in LISREL software ‎environment the extracted model was tested and finally final definitive model of sompetitive strength in includes internal resource ‎‎(contains financial. Technological, managerial and marketing), market intelligence (contains intelligence making and responsibility) ‎and onlie relationship marketing (online exchange quality, online content quality and e-service quality) was gained. ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - The Merging and the efficiency of banking industry in Iran
Hamid Shahrestani Soghra GhobadiThe main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in deta MoreThe main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in detail. The data needed for this study covers the period of 1002 to 1002 and are compiled from balance sheets of commercial banks, specialized banks and also from private banks. The results obtained by the application of DEA method indicate that in terms of economic, allocation, and technical consideration, the average efficiency of banking sectors has been in the order of 265, 775 and 715, respectively. In the SFA method, the overall average efficiency of banking system is estimated to be around %45. the results of our model and its coefficient estimates indicate that the efficiency of banking industry is inversely related to the size of the banks, its overall assets and concentration index while factors such as number of bank branches, its skilled and educated labor force, loan to asset ratio, ratio of credit risk to asset, and e-banking index have a positive impact on efficiency index of banking industry. Promotion of efficiency in the banking sectors can be ensured only when the non viable banks are taking over by acquisition or merging practices Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Developing Green Banking Model Based on Innovation Management Components for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
فاطمه حجاران رضا رادفر علی دیواندری داوود فداییAbstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sus MoreAbstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sustainable competitive advantage in this industry. In this research, based on the effective components of the Green Banking Model (Hajjaran et al.,1397),a green banking model was presented and six standard questionnaires were used to assess the fit of the model and confirm the five-dimensional hypothesis of the research.Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The analyzes were performed on the data obtained from 310 questionnaires by a random sample from senior managers, middle managers and employees of the innovation,information technology sector of the selected banking industry. After implementing the model, the results show that increasing the component of innovation management will increase the amount of sustainable competitive advantage. Increasing the variable of innovation management as well as increasing green banking has increased the competitive advantage of sustainability. Also, increasing the green bank rules and regulations by increasing the green bank variable has increased the competitive advantage of the bank. Increasing the amount of Green Bank component and mediating senior management's environmental concerns maximizes sustainable competitive advantage and increasing innovation management and increasing environmental concerns of senior management will increase the sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Designing an investment policy model for competitiveness in the steel industry with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach
S. Mohsen Abbasian Hossini Mahmood Modiri Kiamars Fathi Hafshjani S. Mahboubeh JafariAbstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantita MoreAbstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the investment policy factors were extracted by content analysis method and selected by the expert panel of experts by fuzzy Delphi method. In the quantitative part, the model was formed with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach. Data were obtained in the qualitative part using semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part through the pairwise comparison questionnaire. The research population consisted of experts including senior managers of the steel industry and 20 people were selected by purposive non-probabilistic sampling method and snowball technique. The results of the qualitative section showed that the factors of investment policy for competitiveness are in 14 categories, which based on the findings of comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling, the factors of "government rules and regulations", "establishment of standards in industry", "competitive strategy" "Industry", "industry financial structure", and "investment policy" can increase a higher level of competitive advantage for the steel industry, which highlights the importance of macro policies. On the other hand, investment policies for "knowledge management", "research and development", "marketing capabilities", and "risk management" are subject to macro-factors of investment policies that lead to competitive advantage. To be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - A Comparative Study of Iran and South Korea's Policy on Automotive Industry
Seyed Esmaeil Hosseinigoli Ahmad SaeiAbstract: The automotive industry in Iran and South Korea began simultaneously at a particular time, but the achievements of the two countries are not comparable in this area. Korea was able to make a huge contribution to the global market, but Iran failed to achieve i MoreAbstract: The automotive industry in Iran and South Korea began simultaneously at a particular time, but the achievements of the two countries are not comparable in this area. Korea was able to make a huge contribution to the global market, but Iran failed to achieve its goals. In this article, we plan to examine the paths that the two countries have taken and examine the barriers to the success of the first and the causes of the success of the latter. For this purpose, we must look at the nature of the political system and, consequently, the economics of the political system and the policies of the two countries. Since the beginning of industrialization, especially in the automotive sector, Iran has always had a limited access system (consistent with Douglas North.) And rarely provided a platform for private sector entry into economic activity and the formation of competition. But South Korea, although initially had a limited access system, gradually shifted from fragile access to the base and then to the mature, and eventually became open access to the political system. The government of Korea, with the right solutions, could provide the necessary space to form a strong private sector in this field and compete Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Comparative Study on America and Policies Relating to Energy Security in Southern Caucasia
Seyednurollah Mirashrafi Davoud Kiyani Ali ShirkhaniAbstractNew geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been ma MoreAbstractNew geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been main actors of geopolitics play, oil play, and pipe line play or great play. Russia, as the earliest power to access the region oil transfer to the world market, has emphasized on its role and importance, placing traditional and monopolistic energy transfer to Europe in the center of its plans. The US, on the other hand, with the idea of predominating energy reserves and maintaining the security of pipe lines, follows the strategy of multiple pipe lines, while pivoting on the elimination of Russia from Southern Caucasia. With all this in mind, in this article, we are trying to research the two countries’ different policies in Southern Caucasia.Key words: Southern Caucasia, interaction of America and Russia policies, security of energy, transfer of energy, competition of the America and Russia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - New Cold War Rivalry between World Powers in Cyberspace
Mohammadreza Mayeli Mohammadsaeid BahmaniAbstract If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has MoreAbstract If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has become a strategic issue. You can use the tools in this space and know that they will be used against you. For example, you use exactly the same tools that you can use to spy on you and you realize that this issue was not the main victim of your own. In this space, you can be sure that someone does not follow you and it may be harsh to use against you and your goals. Concepts of power and war, after a period of literature accumulated during the Cold War years of the last century and the beginning of the new millennium became paradigm of security - cultural - political areas. The Internet is considered to be the largest ever human-system design, engineering and implementation. This system is a vast network of millions of computers that have multiple users and multiple goals but ultimately a global network, and the unit is connected to the global scale and find the media and its role in stimulating social movements that quickly cuts across borders in and the social ills is not negligible. The importance of the internet for the world has doubled in cyber space. This paper attempts to analyze new cold war rivalry between world powers in cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Mental Integration of Political Elites inside Government and Forming Stability in Political System
Reza Jalali Mehdi GholamiAbstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite’s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the proc MoreAbstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite’s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the process of country decision-making and development. Then, this will shape in the shadow of stability in the society. In reality, political stability is an observer of the balance of nation demands from one side, and state function from other side. Other analyzers believe to the structural point of view which means the importance of political system. In their views, the system could give a direction to the political elites. Hence, this group is concentrating on the mental integration of political elites in terms of political stability. One of the major factors of stability in the political system is political elite’s consensus of opinions inside the government. This paper is attempting to analyze and compare these views about mental integration of political elites inside government and forming stability in political system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Fighting methods in the field of political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (case study: the period of reformists and fundamentalists)
علی جان مرادی جو Social forces are one of the most important ways to influence the process of political competition. Among the social forces, reformists and fundamentalists manage this influence through organizing these forces and by influencing the institutionalization of politic More Social forces are one of the most important ways to influence the process of political competition. Among the social forces, reformists and fundamentalists manage this influence through organizing these forces and by influencing the institutionalization of political participation through political parties and institutions and on the other hand, managing the activities of political organizations plays a role in the qualitative growth of political participation. They play a role. This process will eventually lead to political competition in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article has been written with the aim of explaining the central slogan and methods of struggle in the field of political contests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. In total, the results of the research show that the most important methods of reformists in political competitions are to use the press, to get the support of artists, writers, intellectuals and experts, to use the movements of women, students and youth, and the most important methods of fundamentalists in political competitions are to rely on mandatory votes. Use of religious boards and national media and white beard method to reach consensus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Designing an Integrated Development Model to Evaluate the Marketing Capabilities Criteria in Tejarat Bank: Explain the Resource-Based View
Sayed Mehdi Ahmadi Afshar abbas heidari mina jamshidiAs the competitive environment becomes more complex and unpredictable, banks rely on using superior approaches and developing their competencies and capabilities in the face of uncertainty to create a competitive advantage and achieve business goals. From a resource-bas MoreAs the competitive environment becomes more complex and unpredictable, banks rely on using superior approaches and developing their competencies and capabilities in the face of uncertainty to create a competitive advantage and achieve business goals. From a resource-based perspective, identifying a competitive position depends on identifying the sources of competitiveness to create a sustainable competitive advantage in the long run. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the marketing capability indicators that have the greatest impact on the competitive advantage of Tejarat Bank. Based on the resource-based view, the marketing capabilitiy criteria were comprehensively identified through documentary study and with the help of fuzzy Delphi method and the opinion of 15 experts. In order to structure the relationships between the marketing capabilities criteria, Interpretive Structural Modeling was used and by developing an integrated model to measure the effectiveness of the.The results showed that “external communications” and “analysis and formulation of the strategy” crieria are important and vital criteria that are considered as the basis of marketing capability structure and have the effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The Impact of International Entrepreneurship Orientation on International Performance Considering The Mediating Role of Network Capability’ Competitive Strategy And International Market Orientation.(Case of Study National Iranian Oil Company)
Amin Dastpak Mostafa MobaleghiThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of international entrepreneurship orientation on international performance, considering the role of mediating network capability, competitive strategy and international market orientation. The present study is of a pra MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of international entrepreneurship orientation on international performance, considering the role of mediating network capability, competitive strategy and international market orientation. The present study is of a practical nature and because of the fact that it analyzes the status quo, the method used in this research is analytical-survey. The surveyed community is Iran's oil and gas company managers and staff, with 460 employees. According to the limited number of employees, 210 people were randomly selected from Cochran formula and a questionnaire was distributed among these people. For collecting data on theoretical foundations and extracting factors and indicators, library and internet resources including books, articles, and case studies were used. In inferential statistics, the indicators were first determined and extracted according to the dimensions. After checking the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the data were normalized using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then, using the Structural Equation Modeling Test and Lisrel software, we analyzed the hypotheses. Based on the results, all assumptions were accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Competitiveness and Business environment
mohmmad kamalipour reza zeynalzadehCompetitiveness level in world countries is one of significant factors, which considers many of macro and microeconomic variables. This index plays a vital role in survival of every country and it is considered as a tool for achieving favorable economic growth and susta MoreCompetitiveness level in world countries is one of significant factors, which considers many of macro and microeconomic variables. This index plays a vital role in survival of every country and it is considered as a tool for achieving favorable economic growth and sustainable development in any country.Hence, it is essential to study factors creating the proper field for competition between economic agents in order to make companies' activity more competitive in the industry and markets. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine effect of competitiveness on the business environment in selected Islamic countries. In this research, effect of basic requirement indicators, efficiency rise, innovation, government's consumption expenditure, liquidity and exchange rate changes were examined on business environment of 16 Islamic countries during 2000-2017. Panel data method with fixed effects was used to estimate the model. Statistical information associated with collected data were analyzed using Eviews10 Software. Research results showed that basic requirement indicators, efficiency and innovation rise had positive and significant effect on the business environment. recommended to government to provide essential infrastructures and improve the macroeconomic environment and other relevant indicators in order to have a competitive market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The Evaluation of Market Competition in Iranian Banking System (Panzar and Rosse Approach)
Hossein Sharifinia Hooshang Momeni Vesalian Alireza Daghighiasli Marjan Damankeshideh Majid Feshari The evaluation of market competition is one of the main issues in the industrial and monetary economics. So, the main objective of this article is to estimate the banking market structure in private and governmental banks during the period of 2006-2017. For achie More The evaluation of market competition is one of the main issues in the industrial and monetary economics. So, the main objective of this article is to estimate the banking market structure in private and governmental banks during the period of 2006-2017. For achieving this purpose, at the first step we computed the banking sector's market competition by Panzar-Rosse approach. In the second step we evaluated the impact of market competition on total revenue of banks by using dynamic panel data regression with generalized method of moment approach. The results of model estimation indicated that the market competition in thesae banks has been estimated over the 0.59. Henve, the market structure is similar to incomplete competition. Moreover, the lag of total revenue and equity return have positive and wage rate has negative impact on total revenue of banks during the period of study. Keywords: Market Competition, Banking System, Private and Government Owened Bank's. Panzar and Rosse Approach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - The Effect of Adaptation, Communication and Cooperation on Commitment and Trust and Their Role in Export Performance
Sahba Banparvar zohreh mousavi kashiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of adaptation, communication and cooperation on commitment and trust and their role on export performance by considering the moderating role of inefficient competition. This study is categorized as applied and desc MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of adaptation, communication and cooperation on commitment and trust and their role on export performance by considering the moderating role of inefficient competition. This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. The statistical population was consisted of 600 managers and experts of companies exporting petroleum and petrochemical products in Tehran. According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to 234 people and for sampling, the available sampling method was used. Data collection was done by a questionnaire of Hasaballah et al. (2019), Li & Zhang (2007) and Boso et al. (2019). The content validity of questionnaire was confirmed using Delphi model and expert's opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos software. Findings showed that Adaptation, communication and cooperation have a positive and significant effect on trust and commitment in companies exporting petroleum and petrochemical products. Also, commitment and trust have a positive and significant effect on the export performance of these companies. In addition, the moderating role of inefficient competition in the relationship between trust and commitment to export performance was confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Investigating the role of marketing, innovation and R & D capabilities in creating the competitive advantage of a new product: the food industry
Ebrahim Roushanghias reza sepahvand abdolkhalegh chenarestan olya ali pirzadIn today's competitive world , organizations face many changes , so that these changes can affect the company's activities and performance . This study examines the relationship between organizational capabilities , competitive advantage and customer-based performance . MoreIn today's competitive world , organizations face many changes , so that these changes can affect the company's activities and performance . This study examines the relationship between organizational capabilities , competitive advantage and customer-based performance . To collect data , 180 questionnaires were randomly distributed among managers of Mashhad food companies , of which 155 questionnaires were identified as suitable for analysis . In this study , the normality test , Pearson correlation and path analysis were used to determine the relationship between the research variables . The results showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational capabilities and competitive advantage . The research findings also show that there is a significant relationship between the components of competitive advantage and customer-based performance . The results indicate that organizational capabilities can be considered as a source of competitive advantage in the food industry and improve the company's performance . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Interpretive structural computational model (ISM) for identifying and classifying internal marketing management indicators
Mohammadreza Dorrani Farshid NamamianThe present study is aimed at identifying environmental and effective factors, internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization in order to implement the performance and ability of internal marketing on organizational and professional consequences in the Digital De MoreThe present study is aimed at identifying environmental and effective factors, internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization in order to implement the performance and ability of internal marketing on organizational and professional consequences in the Digital Development Industries (Private Joint Stock Company). In this regard, descriptive-survey approaches and structural-interpretive model have been used to determine the organizational marketing management strategy, due to which environmental factors involved in the organization including material motivational factors, intangible motivational factors, environmental factors, appropriate tools and equipment, knowledge. And the expertise of personnel and managers, support and optimization, vision and organizational foresight have been identified. These factors have been prepared as input to the ISM model in the form of structural self-interaction matrices, achievements, and have been used to estimate the influence-dependency power diagram. The modeling results show that the material motivation factor has the most important effect on prioritization over other identified factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Determining the effective components of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence
Hosseainali Rezaeimanesh Ali Rezaeian Alireza Amirkabiri Hamid reza fartokzadehThe purpose of this study is to determine the components of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence. The method of this research is qualitative and the method of data collection is through library studies and interviews among business i MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the components of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence. The method of this research is qualitative and the method of data collection is through library studies and interviews among business intelligence experts and interview data collection tools are semi-structured and exploratory. The sampling method was purposeful and selected from 14 experts, experts and managers related to the research topic in Tehran Oil Refining Company. Fuzzy clustering method has been used for data analysis. In this paper, the factors and components affecting the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence in the form of a conceptual model of research have been developed. The most important limitation in identifying as many variables as can help in the formation of competitive advantage with respect to business intelligence is the inadequacy of studies conducted in the formation of competitive advantage with respect to business intelligenc Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Investigating the effect of organizational capabilities on competitive performance with the mediating role of organizational agility
elnaz allaf jafari Alireza Rousta Aََhmad RoyaeiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational capabilities on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational agility. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. The MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational capabilities on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational agility. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was 200 employees and managers of Kavirmotor, and 128 people were selected using the Morgan-Karjesi table with a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was done with structural equation model and Smart Pls3 software. The results showed that the organizational capabilities have a significant effect on the organization's agility. Organizational agility has a significant impact on competitive performance. Also, organizational capabilities have a significant effect on competitive performance with the mediating role of organizational agility. Dynamic capability does not affect competitive performance. Therefore, the strengthening of organizational capabilities can accelerate the level of reactivity and flexibility of the organization to various developments and lead to the improvement of competitive performance. Also, using new marketing tools and better use of operational elements and giving importance to the skills and knowledge of different departments of the organization can be effective in organizational agility and consequently in improving performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Presenting the model of B2B content marketing in line with the firm's competitiveness objectives
Shahrzad Yaghtin Hossein Safarzadeh Mehdi Karimi zandOver recent years, business-to-business (B2B) firms have been growingly using digital content marketing to strengthen their relationships with customers. However, most companies disregard the importance of aligning the content marketing strategy with their competitivene MoreOver recent years, business-to-business (B2B) firms have been growingly using digital content marketing to strengthen their relationships with customers. However, most companies disregard the importance of aligning the content marketing strategy with their competitiveness goals. Furthermore, no previous research has been performed to provide a comprehensive framework to implement content marketing in line with the firm’s competitiveness objectives. Hence, this research aims to theoretically contribute to content marketing literature by presenting a conceptual model for planning B2B digital content marketing strategy in line with the firm’s competitiveness goals. For this, a conceptual review was conducted. In light of our findings from this review, effective factors for implementing successful B2B content marketing were identified. Then, the main pillars of B2B content marketing in line with the firms’ competitiveness goals were extracted. Next, the conceptual model of the research was presented. Finally, the relationships between identified variables of the model were tested using the Partial Least Squares method in Smart PLS. Based on our findings, we argue that in order to implement effective digital content marketing in B2B contexts, it is essential to deploy an integrated approach that considers customers’ needs as well as the competitiveness goals of the firm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Provide a model of strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry based on the foundation data approach
Vahid javaheri abbas heydari Bahram KheiriThe present study aims to provide a model of strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry based on the foundation data approach. The research method is qualitative and based on data theory of the foundation. Semi-structured int MoreThe present study aims to provide a model of strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry based on the foundation data approach. The research method is qualitative and based on data theory of the foundation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Sampling was theoretical sampling method and was done using targeted (judgmental) techniques. According to the systematic model of data foundation theory, 15 people were selected for the statistical community of experts and managers with experience in the banking industry. The findings of this study indicate that for the successful implementation of a strategic marketing model based on competitive advantage Develop a positive understanding of marketing more in the field of competitive advantage activities. They can also provide a better picture of their services by emphasizing strategic marketing capabilities in order to pay attention to competitive patterns and take steps to develop a competitive advantage. In addition, this study warns managers about the need to pay attention to strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage
mahboubeh derakhshandeh kamel kamali masoureh aligholiInadequate export performance of Iranian companies has always been one of the concerns of business managers. In this regard, the present study aims to develop a conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the food industry. Th MoreInadequate export performance of Iranian companies has always been one of the concerns of business managers. In this regard, the present study aims to develop a conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the food industry. This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population includes the senior managers, deputies and supervisors of the top 10 export companies of 191 people, of which a sample of 130 people was selected using the Cochran's formula. In this study, a questionnaire including 7 dimensions and 36 questions was used to collect information to test the hypotheses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity method and convergent validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. To test the hypotheses, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that marketing capabilities have a positive and significant effect on product innovation, distribution channels . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Analysis of the relationship between intellectual capital and competitive power factors(changes in ROA and company sales)
Mahdi Goodarzi Aliakbar Chaharmahali Ehsan Rahmaninia Hashem Nikoomaram محسن امینی خوزانیThe intellectual capital role on success of companies emphasizes addressing the issue of intellectual capital. Also, disclosure of this type of capital is important since it can affect the decisions of investors and financiers and subsequently the optimal allocation of MoreThe intellectual capital role on success of companies emphasizes addressing the issue of intellectual capital. Also, disclosure of this type of capital is important since it can affect the decisions of investors and financiers and subsequently the optimal allocation of resources, which leads to competitive advantage creation for companies. Furthermore, involvement of some factors affect the relationship between intellectual capital and companies' competitiveness. The purpose of this research is explaining some of these factors’ role and importance including strategic management accounting and political connections in process of influencing intellectual capital on asset returns and sales from the dimensions of companies' competitiveness. Findings have shown that in addition to the existence of a significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and asset returns and sales from the dimensions of competitive power, strategic management accounting also has an increasing moderating role in the relationship between intellectual capital and these dimensions of competitive power. Also, the political connections has a moderating role in the positive relationship between intellectual capital and sales dimension of competitiveness. The Results of this research emphasize the importance of two factors of strategic management accounting and political connections and their control in the relationship between intellectual capital and companies’ competitiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Firm Risk Management and Firm Performance by the Role of Competitive Advantage and Financial Literacy
Zohreh Arefmanesh Zohreh Arefmanesh Hamed ShokohiAbstractImportant changes in business environment and acceleration of technological change have made the business environment very complex and uncertain. Risk management is one of the solutions for companies to deal with uncertainty in the business environment, which ha MoreAbstractImportant changes in business environment and acceleration of technological change have made the business environment very complex and uncertain. Risk management is one of the solutions for companies to deal with uncertainty in the business environment, which has an effective role in maintaining and improving efficiency and effectiveness and, consequently, improving company performance. In addition, risk management is an important factor in controlling costs and diversification product and, consequently, achieving competitive advantage that leads to better performance. However, presence of financially educated managers (financial literacy of managers) in the risk management process facilitates achieving competitive advantage and better performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between enterprise risk management and company performance with mediating role of competitive advantage and moderating role of financial literacy in manufacturing firms of Yazd industrial town. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results of 220 completed questionnaires show that the relationship between competitive advantage and company performance is not statistically significant, but risk management has a positive and significant relationship with competitive advantage and company performance. Also, the relationship between financial literacy and competitive advantage is positive and significant. The mediating role of competitive advantage in the relationship between risk management and company performance is not confirmed, but the moderating role of financial literacy in the relationship between risk management and competitive advantage is accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The Relationship between the Product Market Competition and Information Asymmetry; Structural Equation Modeling Approach
اکبر کنعانی رضوان حجازی مهرداد قنبری بابک جمشیدی نویدSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpo MoreSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition in product market on information asymmetry.The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in the TSE by using structural equation modeling approach. In order to measure the level of competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and to measure the information asymmetry, Bid-Ask criteria and firm size, earning forecast error and growth opportunities was used. After assuring the ability to measure the information asymmetry variable by the indicated indicators as well as the appropriate fit for the measurement and structural model of the research, the results indicate that the level of competition in the product market has a significant effect on the information asymmetry. In other words, with increasing competition in the product market, information asymmetry decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The Effect of Passive Institutional Ownership Focus, CEO Tenure and Product Market Competition on the Relationship between Distracted Passive Institutional Investors and Firms Transparency
Ali Badiee Nezhad Afsaneh TavangarAbstractDisclosure of information plays a key role in the correct and informed decisions of various user groups, especially investors, but economic units without external pressures and legal and professional requirements, are reluctant to disclose sufficient information MoreAbstractDisclosure of information plays a key role in the correct and informed decisions of various user groups, especially investors, but economic units without external pressures and legal and professional requirements, are reluctant to disclose sufficient information because disclosure of information is costly(Pourheidari, and.Foroughi, 2019).This study examines the effect of distracted passive institutional shareholders on firm transparency by considering the level of concentration of passive institutional ownership, product market competition and the tenure of the CEO.In this study, using data from 150 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the issue was investigated.To test the research hypotheses, multivariate regression models were used with panel data method and fixed effects approach.The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that distracted passive institutional investors has negative and significant effect on the firm transparency and despite the fact that the ownership concentration of passive institutional investors in both levels of concentration more than 5% and concentration more than 15% have aposotive and significant Have a posotive and significant effect on firm transparency, but distrated institutional investors only in companies with a level of passive institutional ownership concentration of more than 15%, has a negative and significant effect on companies' with information transparency.Also, based on the results of testing research hypotheses, Distractedpassive institutional investors in companies with new CEOs has a posotive and significant effect on the firmstransparency,However, in companies with competitive product market level, it does not have a significant effect on companies' firm transparency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Strong Shareholder Rights, Internal Capital Allocation Efficiency, and the Moderating Role of Market Competition and External Financing Needs
Fereshteh FeizabadiAbstract Nowdays, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a tool to increase investment and economic growth. Since efficiency is the main and most The purpose of this study was to Investigate strong shareholder rights on the internal capital allocat MoreAbstract Nowdays, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a tool to increase investment and economic growth. Since efficiency is the main and most The purpose of this study was to Investigate strong shareholder rights on the internal capital allocation efficiency, the role of competition and external financing in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.The spatial domain of this research was the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange . In this research, the rights of the strong shareholders of the independent variable and the efficiency of internal capital allocation of the dependent variable were considered..In the data section of the study, data were collected from sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and stock exchange monthly.Based on systematic elimination method, 100 companies were selected as statistical sample.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and summarize the data collected.In order to analyze the data, pre-tests of variance homogeneity, F-Lemer test, Hausman test, and Dicky-Fuller test and then multivariate regression test were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EViews software).The results showed that strong shareholder rights significantly increase the internal capital allocation efficiency.However, the moderating effect of market competition and external financing needs is not found to be significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Optimal Location of Surge Arresters in Distribution Network Considering Reliability and Technical and Economic Factors to Reduce Costs using ICA Algorithm
Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti AbasAli Hejri -
Open Access Article
345 - Solving Economic Dispatch in Competitive Power Market Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Hossein Lotfi Ali Dadpour Mahdi Samadi -
Open Access Article
346 - Efficient Data Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms for Cloud Computing Application
Hamid Malmir Fardad Farokhi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan -
Open Access Article
347 - Stock portfolio optimization using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) under Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR)
Arezou Karimi sara goodarzi dahriziThe choice of stock portfolio is a special issue in the field of investment. Given the wide range of options in the stock market, one of the major concerns of investment groups is the optimal allocation of assets. Therefore, most of these collections use portfolio selec MoreThe choice of stock portfolio is a special issue in the field of investment. Given the wide range of options in the stock market, one of the major concerns of investment groups is the optimal allocation of assets. Therefore, most of these collections use portfolio selection models. The conditional value at Risk, which is one of the models of portfolio selection, follows the Quadratic Programming. Given that Quadratic Programming requires extensive computations, the use of metaheuristic algorithms in solving these problems increases the speed and accuracy of computations. The aim of this study is to minimize the Conditional Value at Risk by using two algorithms of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. Therefore, using 800 days of data from 12 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2/5/92 to 1/28/98, portfolio has been formed, and the weight of each stock in the optimal portfolio and the risk and return of the portfolio has been calculated using MATLAB2018 software. Then, using SPSS software, the average difference between risk and return of the two algorithms was tested.The results showed that the risk and return of the two algorithms were not statistically significant,. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Design and Explain Stock Market Liquidity Model of Product Market Competition Based on Adaptive Econometric Model and Fuzzy Logic Approach
hassan Heydari Sultan Abadi hossein panahianOne of the risks associated with a company's stock is liquidity. Stock with high liquidity are attractive to shareholders and investors and increase demand. Stock liquidity is one of the most effective measures of market efficiency, especially in terms of information an MoreOne of the risks associated with a company's stock is liquidity. Stock with high liquidity are attractive to shareholders and investors and increase demand. Stock liquidity is one of the most effective measures of market efficiency, especially in terms of information and is widely used in examining the factors affecting the supply of useful information. in this study, we designed and explained the stock liquidity model with respect to the product competition component. To select the sample, all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2019 are surveyed. not eligible were removed. Ten main variables affecting liquidity based on previous research were entered into the research model and the hypotheses were tested using regression model. Then, stock liquidity model was introduced through teaching and learning in Fuzzy neural network, which is an analytical-mathematical research method. The prediction obtained from fuzzy neural network is very accurate due to the comprehensive search method and the final model is confirmed with adjusted coefficient of determination of 77%. According to the results, liquidity depends on five influential factors including stock return, firm size, investment opportunity, Herfindahl Hirschman index and Lerner index Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Risk modeling of financing structure according to probabilistic decision theory through ANP
Hamidreza Iravani Hamidreza Kordlouie Freydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Narges YazdanianDifferent types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financi MoreDifferent types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financial risks include: balance sheet structure risks, income and profitability structure, capital adequacy, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk and exchange rate risk. Banking industry is one of the most sifnificant and critical section of economics which faces many sorts of risk. Financial structur risk is the most threating one that in case of non centrolling will lead to bankruptcy . the purpose of study is modeling risk in compaliance with finance structure in money market based of probabilistic decition theory. The populational of the research is experts and bank fanciancial statements after reviewing the literature all the aspects of risks and also financial ratios are being identifined. After gathering data ANP techinques are being app;ied . resuls show that the srquence of risks are, market , credit, liquidity, capital. The significance of risks are as follow: credit, capital, liquidity, income disturbution, market and systematic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Multi-Asset Portfolio Optimization based on Conditional Value at Risk using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Somayeh Mousavi Abbasali Jafari-Nodoushan Marzieh Kazemi-Rashnani Mahsa MohammadtaheriMulti-asset portfolio management and optimization have always been of interest to investors. Due to the inflation in Iran market, different performance of the asset classes in different market conditions and the ability to earn more profit along with less risk by divers MoreMulti-asset portfolio management and optimization have always been of interest to investors. Due to the inflation in Iran market, different performance of the asset classes in different market conditions and the ability to earn more profit along with less risk by diversifying the types of assets, it seems necessary to select a portfolio consisting of stocks, foreign currency and commodities. In this paper, assets of the above categories, including Emami coins, American dollar, and 11 sector indices, are considered in the portfolio composition. Due to the importance of the risk measure in multi-asset portfolio optimization, a model with conditional value at risk, the historical simulation approach has been extended and its efficiency has been compared with the mean-variance model. The models have been solved using the artificial bee colony and imperialist competitive algorithms. The daily asset prices in the period 2013 to 2020 have been used to evaluate the models in Iran market. Results show that the mean-conditional value at risk model performs better than the mean-variance in the training and testing periods. Furthermore, optimized portfolios with the artificial bee colony algorithm could outperform the imperialist competitive algorithm based on the Sharpe ratio, conditional Sharpe ratio, and return on risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Place Marketing through Urban Entrepreneurship Approach (Case Study: Rasht Historic Cultural Axiom)
Vahid Feizkhah Behzad Malekpour AslIn the age of globalization and information and due to the emergence of a networked society, cities today are known as the main place of production and consumption in the world. Hence, there is a wide competition for financial and human capital among the cities of the w MoreIn the age of globalization and information and due to the emergence of a networked society, cities today are known as the main place of production and consumption in the world. Hence, there is a wide competition for financial and human capital among the cities of the world. Due to this, new and innovative concepts such as "place marketing" and "place branding" have been proposed to use the maximum capacity of the place to attract fluid capital. This study seeks to study the theory of place marketing with an urban entrepreneurship approach by studying theoretical texts and global experiences, and by presenting a theoretical model using the "structural equation modeling" method to achieve location marketing with an entrepreneurial approach. A city in the city of Rasht and the study of its spatial requirements in the selected study sample, ie, "Historical and cultural axis of Rasht Municipality" with emphasis on the theory of agglomeration, to explain how to achieve place marketing through an urban entrepreneurship approach. The results showed that based on Pearson correlation, the concepts of promoting place brand to attract capital, private sector participation in entrepreneurship, creativity capital, place knowledge-dependency and vitality of local economy have the highest correlation with dependent variable, ie place marketing through urban entrepreneurship approach at level 0.05. The reliability test of the proposed model was evaluated by two methods. The factor load of each index was above 0.5 which was significant at the level of 0.50 and confirmed the reliability of the model and Cronbach's alpha test for the variables which obtained 0.7 numbers which confirm the reliability of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Multiobjective Imperialist Competitive Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Nonlinear Constrained Programming Problems
chunan liu -
Open Access Article
353 - DYNAMIC COMPLEXITY OF A THREE SPECIES COMPETITIVE FOOD CHAIN MODEL WITH INTER AND INTRA SPECIFIC COMPETITIONS
N. Ali Santabrata Chakravarty -
Open Access Article
354 - An Investigation into the Effect of Competitive and Organizational Intelligence on Management of Mental Capital in Education Office of Mazandaran Province
Ezatollah Taghvai Vahid Falalh , Rezai Yousefi SaeedabadThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence on intellectual capital management in educational Office of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, the study applied and in terms of data collection me MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence on intellectual capital management in educational Office of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, the study applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of 2785 managers and deputies of departments and districts of education and school principals of Mazandaran province from among whom 336 individuals were selected as the sample using random cluster sampling based on Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire of competitive intelligence, organizational intelligence and intellectual capital management was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the instrument were confirmed by experts and the reliability of the instruments was secured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling in Lisrel and SPSS software programs. The results of structural equation test showed that competitive intelligence with an impact factor of 0.76 and organizational intelligence with an impact factor of 0.63 have a direct and significant effect on intellectual capital management. The model also had a good fit. As a result, competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence are among the factors that can be considered in order to develop intellectual capital management in the education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Influence of seeding rate and reduced doses of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide on weed control, yield and component yield of mung bean
abdolraheem shakibapoor Saeed SaeedipourCrop-weed competition has a profound effect on the seed yield of mung bean. We evaluated the effects of both the seed rate and weeding regime on the weed infestation and crop performance of mung bean. Two factors via seed rate (15, 25 or 35 kg ha-1) and different doses MoreCrop-weed competition has a profound effect on the seed yield of mung bean. We evaluated the effects of both the seed rate and weeding regime on the weed infestation and crop performance of mung bean. Two factors via seed rate (15, 25 or 35 kg ha-1) and different doses of haloxyfop-R-methyl (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 L ha-1) were included in the experiment. The experiment was implemented in a split-plot design accommodating seed rate in the main plot and doses of herbicide in the subplot with four replications. Mean data from the experiment showed that weed density and weed dry weight were significantly affected by seed rate: these two variables decreased with the increase in the seed rate (p<0.01). The seed rate significantly influenced plant height, number of pod per plant, biological yield and seed yield. Different variables that included: Plant height, number of pod per plant, 1000 seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were significantly influenced by variations of herbicide doses. Seed yield was significantly improved in dose of 1.2 L ha-1. Overall, the interaction effect of seed rate and herbicide doses was not significant in respect to the plant characteristics except harvest index and seed yield. Nevertheless, a seed rate of 35 kg ha-1, coupled with volume of 0.8 L ha-1, illustrated the best seed yield. Therefore, crop competition can be explored as an effective alternative weed management strategy and achieving optimal yield of bean Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Yield and productivity indices of common bean and sunflower intercropping in different planting ratios
محمد قلیپور Peyman SharifiIntercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field e MoreIntercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-15 growing season, at Somea-Sara, Iran. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (bean: sunflower) using replacement method. Intercropping had significant effect on pods per plant and seed yield of bean, and it had significant on plant height, head diameter, heads per plant, 100 seed weight, seeds per head and grain yield of sunflower. The land equivalent ratio (LER) were less than one in 75:25 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) intercropping ratios, while it was equal to 1.15 in 25:75 bean-sunflower intercropping ratio, which indicates the intercropping cultivation of beans-sunflower had the highest efficiency by 15%. Sunflower in the planting ratios of 25:75 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC), therefore it was a dominant crop and bean had the least RCC and was a reccesive crop. The competitive ratio value (CR) of bean was less than one, which this means that bean was less competitive than sunflower in the intercropping system. It is concluded that sunflower and bean intercropping system have a substantial advantage compared to sole cropping systems and the intercroping ratios of 25:75 (bean-sunflower) was as superior planting ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Effect of Planting Patterns on Grain Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in the Competition with Weeds
zahra Jouzayan Alireza Yadavi Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi Eisa MaghsoudiTo investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a spl MoreTo investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a split factorial was used based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main factors were (weedy and weed control) and subplots were row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and soybean plant density (40, 50 and 60 plants m -2). The results showed that plant density and row spacing of soybean had significant effects on plant height, leaf area index, stem diameter and grain yield of soybean. With increasing of density and reduction of row spacing, increased grain yield of soybean, so that among the density different treatments the highest grain yield (240.6 gr m-2) was obtained from density of 60 plants m-2 and among the treatments of row spacing different the most grain yield (236.8 gr m-2) was obtained from 30 cm row spacing. Weed morphological characteristics (Lambsquarters and Amaranthus) was significantly affect by the plant density and row spacing of soybean, so that increasing of plant density and reduction of row spacing led to reduction of 22.7 and 29.8 percent dry weight of Amaranthus of weeds, respectively. The results, totally showed that changes in soybean planting patterns (plant spacing and row spacing) via effects on plant competitive ability against weed can be used as an cultural and non-chemical method for weed control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Evaluation of competitive ability and yield of some bean cultivars in weed interference
Ahmad MehrabanIn order to study effect of competitive ability in some of the cultivars bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in weed interference, an experiment was conducted at a field in Karaj during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as factorial bases on randomized co MoreIn order to study effect of competitive ability in some of the cultivars bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in weed interference, an experiment was conducted at a field in Karaj during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as factorial bases on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments include weeding and no weeding of weeds and five cultivars of bean (Naz, Goli, Sayyad, Derakhshan and Akhtar). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of weed control and cultivars on most of the traits was significant. But, the effect of year and weed control × Cultivar interaction was not significant. Naz cultivar had the lowest weed density and biomass density (17 plant per m-2 and 92 g m-2, respectively). Also, the highest grain yield (261.81 and 230.58 g m-2) were obtained at weeding treatment and Naz cultivar, respectively. Also, the results indicated that Naz cultivar had highest competitive index (1.52) and Akhtar cultivar had the lowest (0.83). Grain yield loss in weeding and non-weeding condition at Naz, Goli, Sayyad, Derakhshan and Akhtar cultivars was 30.25, 32.91, 37.36, 38/50 and 38.78 %, respectively. Generally, evaluation of different traits showed indeterminate and runner cultivars (Naz and Goli) showed higher competitive ability compared to determinate and erect cultivars (Akhtar and Derakhshan). So, pay attention to condition of this study, Naz cultivar is suggested for same environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Evaluation of economic yield and productivity indices in row intercropping of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) and alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.)
Mohammad Hassan Hatefi Farajian Alireza Koocheki Mehdi Nassiri MahallatiIn order to study the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum economic yield and productivity indices, a field experiment was conducted as a completely randomized blocks design with three replications during growing in 2014-2015 at Agricultural Resea MoreIn order to study the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum economic yield and productivity indices, a field experiment was conducted as a completely randomized blocks design with three replications during growing in 2014-2015 at Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatment included 1 row of lettuce + 1 row alyssum (1:1), 2 rows lettuce + 2 rows alyssum (2:2), 3 rows lettuce + 3 rows alyssum (3:3) and their monoculture. The results showed that the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum was significant on fresh weight of both crops. The highest fresh weight of lettuce and alyssum was observed in monoculture with 36200 and 5909.2 kg per hectare, respectively. The highest total land equivalent ratio (1.04) was obtained from 2:2 treatment, indicating 4% yield advantage of intercropping and represents a more efficient use of land in this cropping pattern compared to the monoculture of two crops. The highest competition index was achieved from 3:3 treatment (2.96). In addition, the highest system productivity index was obtained in row intercropping pattern 2:2 with 35466.5. Therefore, it seems that the row intercropping pattern of 2:2 was higher in land equivalent ratio and as well as system productivity index compared to other row intercropping patterns to obtain the highest yield and income than monoculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The effect of nitrogen application on the competitiveness of corn at different densities of Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense)
A. Keivanlo mohammad ArminIn order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on corn competitive ability with Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense) at different densities, An experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications MoreIn order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on corn competitive ability with Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense) at different densities, An experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications at researcher greenhouse of Islamic Azad university, Sabzevar Branch in 2015. Factors were: Nitrogen Levels (recommended (90 Kg.ha-1 of N) and recommended+50%(135 Kg.ha-1 of N)) and Johnson grass density (0, 1, 2 and 3 plants. Pot-1(0, 15, 30 and 45 plants. m-2, Respectively). Corn and Johnson grass were planted in pot with 30 cm diameter containing approximately 10 kg soil. Corn density was five plants per pot. Analysis variance result showed that chlorophyll index, stem dry weight, root diameter, root volume, root dry matter and root/shoot ratio affected by nitrogen levels. Increasing nitrogen amount increased these characteristics. Increasing Johnson grass density decreased chlorophyll index (7.89%), stem dry weight (16.48%), root diameter (21.31%), root area (22.18%), root volume(22.99%) and plant height (1.1%). Other corn root trait was not affected by Johnson grass density. Overall. Nitrogen application increased competition ability of corn with johnson grass, whereas increasing of Johnson grass density had negative impact on corn root morphological. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - The effect of different phosphorous fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under with and without pigweed (Amaranths retroflexus)
سیروس منصوری فر مسعود کرکه آبادی A. FallahIn this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed int MoreIn this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed intercropping and pure pigweed; and P amount in five levels: 0 (as control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate resource. The results showed that P fertilization as 320 kg ha-1 increased grain number in ear (41.6%), thousand grain weight (19.2%), grain yield (33.4%) and biological yield (31.8%) of corn, as well as, plant height (27.0%) and dry weight (34.3%) of pigweed in pure culture. However, thousand grain weight of corn in the last P level (320 kg ha-1) and plant height and dry weight of pigweed in last two levels of P (240 and 320 kg ha-1) in intercropping were reduced. Intercropping of pigweed had negative effect on yield and yield components of corn, especially in lower P levels; while there is no significant effect in highest P level. This means that P had positive effect on competitiveness of corn against pigweed. Overall, for achieving to greater competition ability of corn against weeds such as pigweed and lower cost, 240 kg ha-1 P fertilizer can be recommended for future investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Investigation of dry matter partitioning amount between different organs in faba (Vicia faba L.)
Ali Baghban Amin Ali Rahemi Karizaki Ali Nakhzari Moghadam Abbs Biabani Ali Mansouri RadQuantitative information regarding biomass partitioning in faba (Vicia faba L.) is limited. The purpose of this study was to obtain the values of the distribution coefficients of dry matter between different parts of faba plant under different sowing dates and densities MoreQuantitative information regarding biomass partitioning in faba (Vicia faba L.) is limited. The purpose of this study was to obtain the values of the distribution coefficients of dry matter between different parts of faba plant under different sowing dates and densities conditions. This experiment was conducted in Gonbad Kavoos during 2012-2013 in rainfed conditions. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were combinations of sowing dates (27 November 2012, 14 December 2012 and 7 January 2013) and four plant densities (8, 12, 16 and 20 plants m-2). Dry weight of the separation of different organs and phenological stages were measured between emergence and maturity. A linear relation was found for biomass partitioning between leaves and stems before podding stage (R3). Ratio of dry matter distribution among leaf and stem on 27November 2012, 14 December 2012 and 7 January 2013 were 62:37, 60:39 and 54:40, respectively. Dry matter that was dedicated to stem more than leaf. On the other hand competition between of plants had not significant effect on dry matter distribution. Dispersion between data was more after podding stage than before it, which is probably due to translocation of dry mater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Investigation the different barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) growth characteristics intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer at barley flowering stage
Shahnaz Toreifi Asfandiar Fateh Amir AynehbandIn order to study the competition ability and production potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer in barley flowering stage a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultu MoreIn order to study the competition ability and production potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer in barley flowering stage a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz at 2015-2016 growing season. Experimental design was randomized complete block as a factorial arrangement with three replications. The first factor was 8 planting patterns includes barley sole cropping, fenugreek sole cropping, fenugreek-barley intercropping ratios includes 2:1, 2:2, 3:1, 1:3, as replacement series, 100% barley+20% fenugreek as additive series and mixed intercropping. The second factor was two nitrogen fertilizer application includes control (no nitrogen fertilizer) and 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. The results of showed the highest total dry matter at barley flowering stage (1345.1 gr/m2) was obtained at 3:1 barley-fenugreek intercropping and the lowest one (482.6 gr/m2) was recorded at fenugreek sole cropping without nitrogen fertilizer. Also the results revealed that all intercropping treatments had the highest dry matter than sole cropping that it showed the intercropping had superiority than sole cropping. The highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER=1.5) was obtained at 3:1 barley-fenugreek intercropping. So that it is concluded that at barley flowering stage the best treatment was 3:1barley-fenugreek intercropping with 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Response of soybean (Glycine max) to physalis (Physalis alkekengi) competition
Faezeh Zaefarian Elham Ghodrati Mohammad RezvaniIn order to assess the competitive ability of soybean with P. alkekengi, a test was conducted at sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. This research was carried out in two greenhouse and field condition. The treatments consisted of five planting r MoreIn order to assess the competitive ability of soybean with P. alkekengi, a test was conducted at sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. This research was carried out in two greenhouse and field condition. The treatments consisted of five planting ratios of soybean and P. alkekengi including: 25:75 (soybean - weed), 50:50 (soybean - weed), 75:25 (soybean - weed) and pure (100% soybean and weed species). According to the results the maximum yield of soybean in pot (39.60 g plant-1) and field conditions the maximum yield of soybean (141.44 g m-2) were obtained in weed-free conditions (soybean monoculture) and increasing soybean density reduce P. alkekengi biomass than the monoculture of this weeds. In pot and field conditions, the highest pod number per plant (171.66 and 201, respectively) and 100- seed weight (18.45 and 17.85 g, respectively) were observed in pure soybean (weed-free) cultivation. Also soybean tolerance to different densities of P. alkekengi showed that soybean can tolerate low density (25 percent) of P. alkekengi. Also study the competitiveness index (CI) showed that soybean at low density of physalis was higher and inhibit the weed biomass increment. The results showed that soybeans had a higher tolerance index and competitiveness index than the P. alkekengi. In general, increasing the density of P. alkekengi reduced the yield and yield components of soybeans in both potted and field conditions. In general, soybeans in low densities of P. alkekengi had a higher competitive ability than this species and inhibit the increase of weed biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Comparison of two mycorrhizal species in improving the absorption of nutrients and beneficial indicators of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) intercropping
Tahmine Salahi Alireza Yadavi Hamidreza Balouchi Amin Salehi Mohammad HamidianThis study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial ex MoreThis study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 treatments in Yasouj University in 2016. The experimental factors include the bio-fertilizer in three levels (control, the use of mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and the use of mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis) and cultivation ratios at 5 levels (pure cultivation of oilseed and fenugreek and mixed cultivation of linseed and fenugreek with ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2). The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza along with mixed cultivation improved the absorption of macro and micro elements, so that the highest concentration of iron, nitrogen and potassium in oilseeds leaves was seen in the ratio of 1:1 mixed culture along with mycorrhiza fertilizer. Also, mycorrhizal fungus F. mosseae together with 1:1 mixed culture brought the most nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus of fenugreek leaves. The interaction of mixed cropping and mycorrhizal fertilizer was not significant on any of the indicators of the usefulness of mixed cropping; but the use of mycorrhizal fertilizers increased the amount of actual lost yield and the ratio of the total land. In general, the use of mycorrhizal fertilizer, in addition to improving the absorption of elements, made the mixed cultivation of flax and fenugreek superior to their single crop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Growth and competitiveness of wheat against C3 and C4 plant in CO2 enrichment and drought condition
farahnaz momtazi hamidreza miriPrediction climatic models show that atmospheric CO2 concentration will be increase and this has considerable effect on plant growth and their interaction. In addition to this CO2 changes water availability will affect plant growth and development. A greenhouse experime MorePrediction climatic models show that atmospheric CO2 concentration will be increase and this has considerable effect on plant growth and their interaction. In addition to this CO2 changes water availability will affect plant growth and development. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in Arsanjan Islamic Azad University in 2012 in order to evaluate effect of drought and CO2 elevation on growth and competitiveness of wheat against C3 and C4 crops and weeds. Wheat, sunflower, wild oat and lumbsquarters as C3 crops and weeds and corn, millet, redroot pigweed and wild johnsongrass as C4 crops and weed were subjected to two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm) and two irrigation treatments (control and drought). The results showed that by increasing CO2 concentration total dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and leaf area of wheat increased significantly, but CO2 elevation had no significant effects on C4 plants. CO2 elevation increased dry weight of wheat by 30.7%. Drought stress reduced dry weight of wheat by 25.3%, but, under high CO2 condition there was no reduction in dry weight of wheat. This means that high CO2 reduced harmful effect of drought on C3 and C4 plants. The results also showed that by increasing CO2 competitive ability of wheat increasing against C4 plants. This change the competitive interaction of C3 and C4 crops and weeds at different CO2 and drought condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Benefiting from Knowledge Management in Agricultural Development of Iran: A Case Study of Pistachio
Eldar Mohammadzadeh Seddigh Zahra Abazari Najla Hariri -
Open Access Article
368 - Determination of the Impact of Supply Chain Integration Aspects on Competitive Capabilities
hesam Vaghfi Ali Fayaz mohamad mahdi ghomianThis study investigates the effect of dimensions of integrated supply chain on competitive capabilities. Integrated supply chain is the degree to which the manufacturer collaborates with his supply chain partners strategically and manages processes inside and outside th MoreThis study investigates the effect of dimensions of integrated supply chain on competitive capabilities. Integrated supply chain is the degree to which the manufacturer collaborates with his supply chain partners strategically and manages processes inside and outside the organization to achieve the effective and efficient flows of products and services, information, money and decisions to provide the greatest value for the customer in a collaborative way. This study investigates the relationship between the dimensions of integrated supply chain and competitive capabilities. To achieve this goal, the relationship between the dimensions of integrated supply chain (internal integration and external integration) and competitive capabilities (cost, quality, delivery, product innovation) is investigated using a conceptual model. The tools to collect data in this study include the researcher-made questionnaire and statistical sample include 44 managers from industry and Mines companies and organizations in Khorasan Razavi and the respondents were 42 male (95%) and 2 female (5%). The results of testing hypotheses show that in overall, internal and external integrations have significant and indirect impact on competitive capabilities at 0.71 and 0.19 respectively. In other words, the results show that internal integration is a prerequisite for external integration. The study also shows that internal integration and external integration have a positive impact on improving the competitive capabilities of the company. It should be noted that the internal integrity also improves competitive capabilities through external integration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Vertical leaf area and dry matter distribution in potato canopy in response to weed competition
M. R. Haj seyed hadi Gh. Noormohamadi M. Nasiri Mahalati H. Rahimi E. ZandTo study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replicat MoreTo study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Seed Potato Production Station of RAN in Firouzkooh. Treatments were included 2 weed species in main plots (Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album), weed density in sub plots (2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row) and relative time of weed emergence in sub-sub plots (8 and 4 days prior to potato and the same time with potato emergence in 2004 and the same time with potato, 2 and 4 weeks after potato in 2005). Results showed increasing weed density resulted in reduction in potato LAI, but leaf area distribution in canopy layers was not affected and maximum LAD was recorded in second layer (20-40 cm) in all treatments. In 2004, redroot pigweed in 2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row put 29, 42.1 and 44.6 percent of LAI above the potato canopy, respectively. These amounts for lambsquarter were 30.6, 38 and 43 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) competition on some physiological traits and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
B. MirshekariIn order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 p MoreIn order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants/m2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower, 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) during 2005-2006. Results revealed that in three sunflower cultivars, at high densities and early interference times of redroot pigweed leaf area index decreased, significantly. In Azarghol, reduction amount of leaf area per plant in emerging of 41.7 weeds/m2 was 12%, compared with control. In Allstar, weed density was more effective than interference time, while, in Azarghol and Hysun interference time was more effective than weed density with a view to effect on leaf area duration. Azarghol could tolerate 41.7 and 8.3 weeds/m2 from 30 and 15 days after sunflower emergence later, respectively, without reduction on yield. While intensity of inter-specific competition between redroot pigweed and sunflower in Allstar was higher than Azarghol and Hysun. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Evaluation of integrated weed management of corn (Zea mays L.) in Qazvin province
Amrhoseien Shirani Rad Raheleh Rostami Fariba Meighani Eskandar Zand In order to determine best density of silo corn (zeamays L) for good competition with weeds and attainment of acceptable economical yield, an experiment was conducted during 2009 as second cultivation in research farm of Takestan. The experiment was c More In order to determine best density of silo corn (zeamays L) for good competition with weeds and attainment of acceptable economical yield, an experiment was conducted during 2009 as second cultivation in research farm of Takestan. The experiment was carried out as RCBD in factorial with four replications. Treatments were included density factor (recommended density, 25 and 50% more than recommended one) and weed management (two time weeding, without weeding, nicosolforon herbicide in 2-4 leaved of corn, 1 time cultivation in 20 cm height ,two times cultivation in 35 cm of corn). Results showed that corn density and weed management had no significant effect on plant height, diameter of corn with hide, the number of row in corn, the number of seed in row, the number of seed in corn, the grain yield and the weight of 1000 seeds. Corn recommended density together no weeding caused the most diameter of stem, the number of seed in row, the number of seed in corn and corn density 50% more than recommended cause the most biological yield. The density of corn had a significant effect on density and dry weight of Amaranthus blit oides two months after treatments, while weed management had significantly effect in 1% probability level on density and the weeds dry weight in all sampling steps. Corn density by 50% more than recommended caused mostcontro of density and dry weight of Amaranthus blit oides and most decrease in the density and dry weight of Chenopodium album... The most control of dry weight of Amaranthus blit oides and Chenopodium album and most decrease density in Chenopodium album in all samplings most control of density of Amaranthus blitoides in last sampling in response to the treatments, two times weeding and one and two times cultivation was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - A Simple Procedure to Evaluate Competitiveness of Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Isolates of Aspergillus flavus in Solid and Liquid Media
Mohammad Moradi Seyed Reza Fani Rosa Dargahi Mehdi Mohammadi Moghadam Abdolhamid Sherafati -
Open Access Article
373 - Examining the effect of product market competition on capital structure adjustment speed considering the moderating role of CEO extroversion
Mahdi FilsaraeiObjective: This research aims to examine the relationship between market competition, CEO extraversion, and the speed of capital structure adjustment in the capital market.Research Methodology: This study is applied in terms of its objective, quantitative in terms of da MoreObjective: This research aims to examine the relationship between market competition, CEO extraversion, and the speed of capital structure adjustment in the capital market.Research Methodology: This study is applied in terms of its objective, quantitative in terms of data, deductive in terms of logic, and descriptive-correlational in terms of execution. The preferred method for gathering evidence is post-event. Relationships between variables have been examined using correlation and multiple regression models with a panel data approach. The study employs data from 143 publicly traded companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2012 to 2021. Company data is analyzed and processed using the R software, and multiple regression is used to estimate the research model.Findings: Data analysis results, using multiple regression with a panel data approach at an expected error level of five percent, reveal a significant relationship between market competition and the speed of capital structure adjustment. Furthermore, CEO extraversion strengthens the relationship between market competition and the speed of capital structure adjustment.Originality/Scientific Contribution: The findings of this research not only contribute to the literature on capital structure adjustment speed and market competition but also assist all stakeholders and users in assessing companies' attention to the impact of market competition and capital structure adjustment speed using the theories of limited liability and opportunistic behavior. Additionally, this relationship is analyzed and dissected based on the personality type of the CEO (extraversion). No previous domestic studies have investigated the effect of CEO extraversion on the speed of capital structure adjustment. Therefore, this research is innovative within the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Investigating the efficiency internal capital markets of business groups in allocating resources and performance; the effect of ownership-control wedge and product Market competition
Faramarz Karami Taleghani Mohammad Reza Vatanparast Javad Rezazadeh Keyhan Azadi HirPurpose: The common feature of the theoretical approaches adopted to study business groups is the presence of internal capital markets in these groups. The accounting literature shows that the efficiency of these markets in allocating resources and performance can be af MorePurpose: The common feature of the theoretical approaches adopted to study business groups is the presence of internal capital markets in these groups. The accounting literature shows that the efficiency of these markets in allocating resources and performance can be affected by self-interested motives resulting from the agency problem. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the ownership-control wedge on the efficiency of internal capital markets of business groups in resource allocation and performance with regard to product market competition.Methodology: This descriptive-correlation research has been done from the perspective of practical purpose and using the post-event approach. . In order to achieve the goal of the research, the data of 18 business groups whose parent companies are listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange or OTC were collected during the years 2015 to 2022 and the study hypotheses were tested using multiple regression with panel data.Findings: the findings of the study show that the ownership-control wedge has a negative and significant effect on the efficiency of resource allocation and the efficiency of the internal capital markets of business groups. Also, the findings only show that the relationship between the ownership-control wedge and the efficiency of the internal capital markets of business groups weakens with the increase in product market competition. However, there was no evidence of the effect of product market competition on the relationship between ownership-control wedge and resource allocation efficiency.Originality / Value: It is important to pay attention to the internal capital markets of business groups as a potential mechanism to facilitate the efficient allocation of resources and achieve strategic advantages. Therefore, by knowing more about the phenomenon of ownership-control gap and its effect on the efficiency of internal capital markets of business groups in the allocation of resources and performance, basic steps can be taken to achieve strategic benefits (such as the development of the domestic economy). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - The Strategy Creation - De-Strategization Paradox: Examining the Basic Duality Using Phronetic Iterative Qualitative Method
Nima EskandariniaIn recent years, the topic of strategic management has become one of the most challenging topics among both researchers and top managers. While some scholars have supported various strategic management approaches, other scholars have challenged and criticized these appr MoreIn recent years, the topic of strategic management has become one of the most challenging topics among both researchers and top managers. While some scholars have supported various strategic management approaches, other scholars have challenged and criticized these approaches. In addition, there is a plurality of opinions among the scholars who have opposed strategic management. Despite the fundamental criticisms they have made on the nature of strategic management, they have not been able to find an alternative solution for the strategic management process. Therefore, the CEOs of the companies have faced a dilemma, whether they should follow the strategic management process or not, and if the answer is negative, then how should they achieve success and gain competitive advantage. The purpose of this research is to present the theory of de-strategization to answer these questions. In order to carry out this research, Phronetic iterative qualitative method has been used. The research sample includes fifteen companies in the private sector located in Tehran and its suburbs, which were selected purposefully. Based on the findings of this research, the adoption of de-strategizing policy is more effective than creating strategy. Strategy-creating policy will lead to systematic cognitive bias under the title of blind spot of competitive disadvantage and will cause the formation of four paradoxes including strategic management knowledge, effort-result, adherence to strategy-abandoning strategy, and job stress. But de-strategization does not mean inaction, so it is necessary to pay attention to the four recommendations mentioned in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - The Effect of Production Strategies on Competitive Priorities and Exports of Special Tactical Vehicle Products
Hamed Khanzadeh Seyed Morteza Madani Ali Nopour HolariProduction strategy is one of the most important types of applied strategy that plays a role in shaping the necessary competencies for competition among organizations. In this research, according to the background of the research and interviews with the experts of the s MoreProduction strategy is one of the most important types of applied strategy that plays a role in shaping the necessary competencies for competition among organizations. In this research, according to the background of the research and interviews with the experts of the special tactical vehicle industry, the competitive priorities and strategic measures of production in the mentioned industry were identified and the conceptual model of the research was formed. Then by finding the strategic production actions that has been affected by competitive priorities, we discussed their effects on export performance. Analysis of research data was done using inferential statistics such as correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions; First, by using Kendall's correlation coefficient, the relationship of each of the four competitive priorities of quality, flexibility, cost reduction, and delivery capability was investigated with each of the twenty-seven selected strategic measures and significant relationships were identified. Then we analyzed the effect of the mentioned actions that has been affected by competitive priorities on the performance related to priorities in order to know its extent. On the other hand, we answered the question that to what extent, the mentioned combination of measures can improve the export performance of the studied units. The results showed that the specified set of measures can improve performance by 74.6% of quality, 9.2% of cost reduction, 61.1% of flexibility and 49.9% of delivery capability. Also, the set of strategic production measures can affect profitability by 44.5% at most. So, it can be concluded that other factors such as marketing, effective and appropriate communication, etc. are also effective on profitability. At the end, the limitations of the research were mentioned and suggestions for future research were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - The Model of Competitive Performance Improvement Emphasizing the Theory of Dynamic Capabilities in Iran's Oil and Gas Industries
seyedreza rahnamaytohidi Houshang Taghizadeh Soleyman Iranzadeh.... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the More.... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the necessities of promoting competitive performance is to adopt and pursue appropriate strategies in order to improve and enhance the dynamic capabilities of the organization. The purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive performance in the field of international markets with emphasizing theory of dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is a fundamental and in terms of method, is a combination of qualitative and quantitative that utilized in two phases. In first phase, systematic review and extraction of the content model were performed with the help of scientometric and text mining tools. In the second phase, 27 themes and in 7 categories, in the form of a questionnaire and after checking validity and reliability among the subsidiaries experts of the oil and gas industry is distributed. After data collection, the research model was evaluated through the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis using SmartPLS software. The findings of the second phase indicate the confirmation by experts as effective factors in promoting competitive performance with emphasis on the theory of organizational dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Presentation of Strategies for Changing Organizational Culture Based on the Framework of Competitive Values and Cultural Dynamics in IRIB
Keivan Mozafari Esmaeil Kavousy akbar etebaryan Organizational culture is one of the tools for measuring the function of organizations. Moreover, organizational decisions taken by a shift in organizational culture affects the functions of the organization and increases its effectiveness. The current resear More Organizational culture is one of the tools for measuring the function of organizations. Moreover, organizational decisions taken by a shift in organizational culture affects the functions of the organization and increases its effectiveness. The current research aims at identifying the desired organizational culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (I.R.I.B) to provide strategies for cultural change. The research method is mixed. Evaluation indicators, components, aspects of organizational culture, and field threats and opportunities were identified by interviewing the media correspondents. Then these indicators were integrated with a tool for measuring organizational culture to identify the status of I.R.I.B.’s organizational culture in line with competitive values, levels of cultural dynamism and the six organizational features, in both existing and desirable situations. Subsequently strengths and weaknesses have been extracted. The statistical population of the research includes news, TV broadcast and planning fields. The research findings show that the dominant discourse in the current status of organizational culture in I.R.I.B. is hierarchical and cultural convergence is not observed in the levels of cultural dynamism and the six organizational features. While in a desirable situation, the emphasis should be placed on the characteristics of both progressive culture and market culture. Meanwhile, by using SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) techniques, strategies in the areas of “structure and planning”, “content and message”, “infrastructure and technical”, cyber space and human resources have been planned and suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Designing and Validating a Model for Integrating Customer Knowledge Management and Customer Relationship Management with a Competitive Advantage Approach in the Iranian Banking Industry
Saba Heydari Fariz TaheriKia Niloofar ImankhanIntegrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management may be considered as one of the most important fields of competitive advantage in the third millennium, which is an opportunity to use knowledge-based and customer-oriented manpower, with max MoreIntegrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management may be considered as one of the most important fields of competitive advantage in the third millennium, which is an opportunity to use knowledge-based and customer-oriented manpower, with maximum effectiveness in business and value creation for the customer. The study is applied in terms of purpose and a survey description in terms of data collection. The statistical population in number of 1235, which a statistical sample of 293 people has been extracted according to the Morgan sample size determination table. Sampling method is convenience sampling and a questionnaire was used to collect data. In this research, model equations and analyzes have been done by using structural equation modeling through Smart PLS software. The results showed that casual conditions (response of the bank to the external environment, implement international standards and bank social responsibility), contextual conditions (change the approach of the bank's senior management and liberalize and deregulate the government) and intervening conditions (bank empowerment culture and dynamic competition) have a positive and significant impact on integrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management. Among the proposed strategies integrated marketing, development of technology and modern banking services and strategic alliance have a positive and significant impact on integrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management but delta model doesn’t have a significant impact. Customer knowledge management and customer relationship management has a positive and significant impact on gaining a competitive advantage for the bank, increasing customer satisfaction and strengthening banking services in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Effect of weed competition on yield, yield components maize cultivar Early 704 (the second culture) in Lorestan Kuhdasht
Amin Adinehvand Masoud Rafeiee Manouchehr Sayah farIn order to effect of weeds relative time of emergence on single cross 704 Corn (Zea mays) yield was studied in different density levels of the mentioned weed. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replicatio MoreIn order to effect of weeds relative time of emergence on single cross 704 Corn (Zea mays) yield was studied in different density levels of the mentioned weed. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in 2012 was carried out in Koohdasht, Lurestan. The emergence time was considered in 3 levels of E1, E2 and E3 (emergence of the weed 14 days earlier, 7 days earlier and simultaneously with corn, respectively) as main plots and density of weed in 6 levels of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants per m2, respectively)as subplots. The height, laef area index (LAI) of corn decreased with earlier emergence time and increasing the density of the Weeds. Also, earlier emergence time of weeds at high densities lead to the reduction in yield component (ear length, diameter and weight, number of seed row in ear, number of seed in row and thousand seed weight). The results showed that a decreasing in grain and biological yield of Corn, as the emergence time of Corn delayed in comparison with the emergence time of weeds. The maximum reduction in grain and biological yield of Corn was observed in 14 days earlier emergence of weeds compared to Corn in high density of this weed (20 plants per m2) with 100 and 99 percent respectively, as Corn plants were put in canopies of weeds plants. Totally, based on the results of this research it can be stated that as the number of the earlier emergence days of weeds compared to the Corn increase, the competitive potential of the Corn reduces and an intense decrease is being observed in its yield. Though, the increase in density of the weed resulted in grain and biological yield reduction, there was no difference between the process of reduction in high densities of weed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Fault Identification using end-to-end data by imperialist competitive algorithm
Farhad Rad Seyed Reza Hosseinpour Hamid Parvin -
Open Access Article
382 - The Casual Relationship of Strategic Alliance, Human Resource Flexibility and Sources of Organizational Conflict with Competitive Advantages in the Sport Industry Products
bahman shahriary abbas khodayari ali zareeAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Participants in this study included 306 owners, managers, marketing managers, and sales managers of sports production units in Tehran city. For data collection, four questionnaires were used to get the specific data which were the Strategic Alliance (r=0.88), Competitive Advantage (r=0.88), Organizational Conflict Resources (r=0.89), and Human Resource Flexibility (r=0.86). After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, these questionnaires were distributed among the participants. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that strategic alliance significantly has a direct effect on the two components of human resource flexibility (0.27) and sources of organizational conflict (0.34). Moreover, organizational conflict resources significantly have a negative effect on human resource flexibility (-0.47). Furthermore, human resource flexibility has the greatest impact on competitive advantage (0.62). This coefficient is the sum of the indirect effects of strategic alliance and sources of organizational conflict, as well as the direct effect of human resource flexibility on competitive advantage. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that the management of the different companies of sports production enters the trade unions with full confidence, to take into account the issues within the organization, such as cost-effectiveness and time, which create a competitive advantage. Consequently, they can turn a competitive advantage from an impermanence competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Prioritizing the Economical Strategies of Sporting Companies by Using the AHP-TOPSIS Integration Method
ahmad torkfarThis research aimed to identify and prioritize the strategies of sports production companies in the direction of economic development of sports using AHP-TOPSIS integration method (case study: Jame Jam Sports Company). The research method was survey. In order to identif MoreThis research aimed to identify and prioritize the strategies of sports production companies in the direction of economic development of sports using AHP-TOPSIS integration method (case study: Jame Jam Sports Company). The research method was survey. In order to identify the strategies of Jame Jam Sports Company, the theoretical saturation method and identifying the experts of the studied company by snowball method were used to identify the strategies. In order to analyze the research data, AHP and TOPSIS methods were used SUPER DECISION software and BT TopSis SoLver software. According to the results of the research, it was found that the most important strategies of Jame Jam Sports Company included the strategy of merging with other companies, the strategy of vertical integration upwards and the strategy of heterogeneous diversity. Therefore, the company needs to integrate with other companies in order to create a stronger structure through the development and improvement of its capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Evaluation of Some Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes Yield and Yield Components and Competitive Index with Weeds
Maryam Motagi Shahpar Mehrshad Barari Eskandar Zand Seyed Mohsen Seyedi Afshar AzadbakhtIn order to study the competitiveness of bean genotypes with weeds, a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural research station of the faculty of agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam during 2010 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot based on RCB MoreIn order to study the competitiveness of bean genotypes with weeds, a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural research station of the faculty of agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam during 2010 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot based on RCBD with four replications. Treatments consisted of two weed levels (with and without weeds) assigned in main plot and eight bean genotypes (Goli, Sayad, Akhtar, Derakhshan, Khomein, KS21193, KS21191 and G14088) placed in sub-plot. The results of analysis of variance showed that both factors weed presence and genotypes had a significant effect on number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, seed 100 weight, grain yield and biological yield. However, the interaction of two factors were not significant for grain yield, biological yield, and seed 100 weight. Maximum grain yield (309.09 and 354.77 g/m2, respectively) achieved in non-weed treatment and KS21191genotype. The results also indicated that Khomein genotype had highest competitive index (1.42) and Akhtar had the lowest (0.71). Based on the results indeterminate and runner genotypes showed higher competitive ability compared to determinate and erect genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Russia's ethics for the Syrian civil war and the US response
fatemeh sadat maloomi afshin zargarThe Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, th MoreThe Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, the occurrence of extreme violence and the direct and indirect presence The numerous international actors on the scene of operational battles have made the crisis one of the most unique examples of the past decade. The nature of international phenomena has shown that great powers in a multilateral structure, along with co-operation and competition, seek to stabilize the power equivalence in the international environment. Russia has been the main actor in Syria in recent years and has been the strongest player among foreign actors in Syria, but on the other side of the United States, with multiple instruments under the pretext of confronting ISIL's threat and preventing Iran from penetrating Syria in this crisis-affected country. Has played a role that has not been in line with the interests of Russia. In this way, there is a clear and secret opposition between Russia and the United States in Syria. In this article, we examine this contradiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - The Process of Iran's Membership in the World Trade Organisation from the Perspective of International Competition Law
Rahmat Hajimineh Taher Haidar ZadehJoining the World Trade Organization opens up a competitive market to Iranian producers through which they can market their capabilities. As a country that is not a member of the World Trade Organization, which is responsible for the free trade and full mobility of good MoreJoining the World Trade Organization opens up a competitive market to Iranian producers through which they can market their capabilities. As a country that is not a member of the World Trade Organization, which is responsible for the free trade and full mobility of goods and services worldwide, it will not be able to compete in global markets. International competition law is also cited as one of the essentials and factors contributing to the success of free market economies. If there is healthy competition among production and distribution actors, economic efficiency will rise and public welfare will increase and violations of international competition law will have adverse effects on economic efficiency. Therefore, legal systems are designed to counteract anti-competitive practices and to compensate for them by designing legal mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine Iran's WTO membership process from the perspective of international competition law. This study raises the question: what are the challenges in terms of Iran's international competition rights to join the World Trade Organisation? Descriptive-analytically evaluates the hypothesis that from the perspective of Iran's international competition for membership in the World Trade Organisation, there must be a great deal of effort in reforming laws and regulations, industrial and economic infrastructure, global quality production, business environment, banking system and Customs and privatisation. The findings of the study also prove this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - New middle class capitals in the field of political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (case of study: period of reforms and fundamentalism)
alijan moradi joThe upcoming article seeks to investigate the role of the influential capitals of the new middle class in the political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran; In this regard, while examining Bourdieu's practical theory, explaining the types of capital and the com MoreThe upcoming article seeks to investigate the role of the influential capitals of the new middle class in the political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran; In this regard, while examining Bourdieu's practical theory, explaining the types of capital and the compatibility of this theory with the political environment of Iran, the author has addressed the role of new middle class capitals in the political contests of the period known as reformism and fundamentalism. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. What economic, social, political, cultural and symbolic capitals did the new middle class use in the political contests of the Islamic Republic of Iran and how did they exploit these capitals? It constitutes the most important question of the present research. In sum, the results of the research show that the most important influential capitals of the new middle class are intellectuals, students, civil and non-governmental organizations, celebrities, national bourgeoisie, strategic agencies, prestigious groups, the press, and political parties and organizations that compete with the traditional middle class in They used them during national elections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The role of Yemen's internal developments in the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in 2010-2020
narjes arabshahi behnaz azhdariThe continuous and stable competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East region has a long history,and according to internal,regional and international tensions and issues,the rules of their behavior and performance are different from each other.The politi MoreThe continuous and stable competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East region has a long history,and according to internal,regional and international tensions and issues,the rules of their behavior and performance are different from each other.The political approach emanating from this competition has been less based on cooperation,more based on confrontation and sometimes conflict. Yemen's internal developments after the Arab Spring, and Saudi Arabia's role as a godfather to this country due to Yemen's strategic location, caused Saudi Arabia to adopt a hostile policy.Accusing Iran of supporting Yemen's Ansarullah turned this crisis-stricken country into a field of competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research seeks to answer the question, what role does Yemen's internal developments play in the regional political competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia?The hypothesis of the research in response to the question is that the internal developments in Yemen have caused the direction of the aggressive foreign policy of Saudi Arabia towards Iran.The purpose of the research is to investigate the role of the Houthis in the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and the method of data collection is the use of library and internet documents. The findings of the research show that Saudi Arabia has made a systematic change in its foreign policy under the title of "Salman Doctrine" due to the challenges facing the region.The competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the field of Yemen is analyzed in the framework of Barry Buzan's regional security theory as a theoretical framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Explanation of Obstacles to the Realization of Silk from the Perspective of the Convergence Theory
Ghasem Torabi Raziye SaneieChina’s one belt one road (OBOR) initiative unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to restore the country’s old land and sea trade routes and to boost economic connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa. It covers 65 countries and six economic corr MoreChina’s one belt one road (OBOR) initiative unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to restore the country’s old land and sea trade routes and to boost economic connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa. It covers 65 countries and six economic corridors accounting for two thirds of the world’s population and one third of the world’s GDP. In this paper the authors look at the opportunities it offers and some of the challenges for investors China’s one belt one road. In this sense, we focused on domestic constraints, tensions in China's neighbourhood, and great power rivalries. Finally, we tried to offer several suggestions regarding the improvement of China’s initiative. The suggestions concern the initiative’s planning and implementation, the means to improve its bilateral relations with neighbours and great powers, in order to be perceived as a responsible power on the international arena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - The effect of various plant density on the competitiveness of corn with natural population of weeds
عبدالنور چعب محمد حسين قرينهIn order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultu MoreIn order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultural and Natural resources, Mollasani university of Ahwaz. Treatments included pure stands of corn at three density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plants ha) and weed interference period to v9 and v13 in any of plant density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plant ha ). Also another additional treatment was adopted as weed-interference during the growth season with density of 70000 plant ha. Results showed that there was significant difference between the studied characters, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain number per ear, and row number per ear, grain number per row and 1000-kernel weight among treatments. The studied characters were severely reduced by increasing the duration of weed interference after corn emergence. In addition, results showed that with corn plant increasing density, corn plants tolerated the presence of weeds until v9 stage with approximately 6-15% in yield loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Decoding the impact of sustainable customer relationship management on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of perceived relationship quality and moderating role of relational capital
Sina Tayebi Rasool RezaeiToday, achieving sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) is crucial for life insurance service providers. Sustainable customer relationship management (SCRM) strategy and building quality relationships with customers as companies' assets are deemed suitable ways for gro MoreToday, achieving sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) is crucial for life insurance service providers. Sustainable customer relationship management (SCRM) strategy and building quality relationships with customers as companies' assets are deemed suitable ways for growth, advancement, and increasing the value of insurance companies. Based on this premise, this research aims to decode the impact of sustainable customer relationship management (SCRM) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) with the mediating role of perceived relationship quality and the moderating role of relational capital in the life insurance industry. This study, due to its practical objective and data collection approach, falls into the category of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population includes representatives, policyholders, and branches of MA insurance company in Tehran. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed, and 368 customers were selected as the study sample. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software. The research findings indicate the significant influence of sustainable CRM on perceived relationship quality and sustainable competitive advantage. Perceived relationship quality positively affects sustainable competitive advantage and acts as a mediator between sustainable CRM and sustainable competitive advantage. Relational capital cannot moderate the effect of sustainable CRM on relationship quality; however, it significantly moderates and enhances the impact of sustainable CRM on sustainable competitive advantage. Additionally, the impact of relationship quality on sustainable competitive advantage in the life insurance industry is moderated and strengthened by relational capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - The relation between conflict management styles (accomodation, avoidance, competitive) with resilience in the first period high school educational managers of Kermanshah in academic year 94-95 (a gender based study)
Parisa Mohammadi M.J Mahdian Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The s More Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The study sample consisted of 179 first year high school educational managers of Kermanshah (in three districts), who have worked from 2015-2016. The samples of the study were 118 participants who selected through stratified random sampling.In order to collect data, demographic questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Stephen P.Rabinse Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1991) were used. Data were analysed by SPSS22 software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multivariate regression coefficient and independent T-test). The results showed that there was a negative relation between avoidance style of conflict management and resilience of educational managers. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between compromise and conflict management styles and resilience of educational managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Organizational Competitive Advantage Analysis using SWOT Matrix and Hybrid Approach of Fuzzy-DEMATEL, ANP, and DEA
Ali Taherinezhad Alireza Alinezhad Saber Gholami Mahsa AbdolvandToday, due to the expansion of organizational competition, the growth of technology, and the increasing demand for customers, organizations that gain a competitive advantage over competitors by adopting scientific strategies can survive. There are various approaches to MoreToday, due to the expansion of organizational competition, the growth of technology, and the increasing demand for customers, organizations that gain a competitive advantage over competitors by adopting scientific strategies can survive. There are various approaches to create a competitive advantage in organizations. On the other hand, in the scientific literature of this field, there is no integrated model that can cover the gap between these approaches. The aim of this paper is to present a new hybrid model for determining organizational competition strategies and criteria through decision-making tools. In this research, brands of dairy products listed in Iran were selected as a case study to demonstrate the application of the methodology. First, competitive strategies were determined through the Delphi method and expert judgment based on the SWOT technique. Then, relying on the SWOT technique, appropriate evaluation criteria were extracted through the fuzzy DEMATEL method. In the next step, each brand was considered as a decision-making unit (DMU). In addition, the output of the fuzzy DEMATEL method formed the initial values (inputs-outputs) of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Finally, after determining DEA weights via analytic network process (ANP), the efficiency of DMUs was measured by the Russell DEA model. The results of DEA showed that based on the strategies of the SWOT technique, 38% of the units under investigation are efficient. Also, the lowest efficiency obtained from the units was 82%, which shows that there is no noticeable dispersion in the efficiency values. In other words, it shows that the performance of all brands of dairy products is at a suitable level. The rest of the results and discussion are presented in detail. Analysis shows that the model of this research can be a suitable model for survival in today’s tight organizational competition in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Possibility of controling the wild rocket, Eruca sativa Mill. using low doses of 2,4-D and competitive wheat varieties
Manouchehr Jamnezhad mohammadali baghestani eskandar zand mohammad BihamtaTo determine the response of wild rocket, Eruca sativa to low doses of 2,4-D and competitive wheat varieties, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the research station of Iranian institute of plant protection, Karaj. The expe MoreTo determine the response of wild rocket, Eruca sativa to low doses of 2,4-D and competitive wheat varieties, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the research station of Iranian institute of plant protection, Karaj. The experiment included 2 wheat varieties (Shiraz and Tabassi), 4 herbicide doses (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 Lit.ha-1) and 4 wild rocket densities (0, 25, 50 and 75 plant.m-2) with 4 replications. The results showed that reducing herbicide dose up to 25 percent did not have any adverse effect on yield. Grain yield of Shiraz variety, without herbicide treatment, was more than that of Tabassi in high dosage herbicide treatment and so the need for herbicide application could be decreased using competitive wheat varieties. Shiraz also had more yield than Tabassi cultivar in all wild rocket densities. The results revealed that Tabassi, a less competitive variety, was more dependent on herbicide application than Shiraz. did It concluded that the selection of good variety of wheat for competition with wild rocket was more effective than chemical control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Interference of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) on more and less competitive wheat cultivars: Yield and yield components
Mohammad Armin Gorban Noormohammadi Eskendar zand Mohammad Ali Baghestani Farrokh DarvishA field experiment was conducted at the research station of plant pest and disease research Institute of Karaj, during 2003-2004 growing season. The aim was to investigate Interference of wild oat(Avena ludoviciana) on Yield and yield components of more and less competi MoreA field experiment was conducted at the research station of plant pest and disease research Institute of Karaj, during 2003-2004 growing season. The aim was to investigate Interference of wild oat(Avena ludoviciana) on Yield and yield components of more and less competitive wheat cultivars. The experiment was arranged as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replicates. Experimental factors were Rooshan (as less competitive) and Niknejad (as more competitive) wheat varieties, 3 wheat densities including recommended, recommended+25% and recommended+50%(300, 375 and 450 plants m-2 for Rooshan and 400, 500 and 600 plants m-2 for Niknejad resp.) and 4 wild oat densities (0, 25, 50, and 75 plants m-2).The results showed that Niknejad was the most competitive cultivar and Rooshan was the least competitive one in different levels of wild oat density. As wild oat density increased, yield of wheat decreased and the rate of yield decline was higher in Rooshan in comporison to Niknejad. Higher densities of wheat decreased yield looses. The presence of wild oat in wheat fields reduced fertile tiller, number of spike, seed per spike, seed per square meter and weight of 1000 seeds. Recommended and recommended+25% was optimum densities in Rooshan and Niknejad, respectively, when Wild oat interference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Interferences of common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. in two planting patterns of corn
Mahmoud Pouryousef aziz javanshir adel Dabbage Mohammadi Nasab abdollah Hasanzadeh Ghurt TappeIn order to study of eco-physiological aspects of interferences of different lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. densities in two planting patterns of single cross corn 704 and competitive effects of the weed on yield quality and quantity of corn, an experiment was cond MoreIn order to study of eco-physiological aspects of interferences of different lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. densities in two planting patterns of single cross corn 704 and competitive effects of the weed on yield quality and quantity of corn, an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab agricultural research station from 2004 to 2005. The experimental design was factorial in a rondomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were: a combination of three levels of lambsquarters population (4, 10, 16 plants per meter of corn row) and two planting patterns (common and two zigzag row) of corn. The treatments lacking corn weed in two planting patterns were considered as control. Seeds were planted on the sides and end of corn rows in zigzag between corn plants. Results showed that the competition of lambsquarters caused significant decrease in grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Seed protein content of corn was decreased but seed oil content increased. The effects of weed density on studied characteristics of corn was greater than those of different planting patterns. Competitition of weed significantly decreased LAI in comparison to the control. This decrease was considerable in higher weed densities. It was also greater in conventional planting pattern than two zigzag row planting pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in various densities and emergence times on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
Koroush Siami Saeed Reza Yaghoubi Ali Faramarzi Mohammad Javadi Influence of redroot pigweed in various densities and emergence times on sunflower yield was studied in Miyaneh region of Iran in 2007. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of three pigweed density (1.5, 3 a More Influence of redroot pigweed in various densities and emergence times on sunflower yield was studied in Miyaneh region of Iran in 2007. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of three pigweed density (1.5, 3 and 6 plants m-1 of row) and five time of emergence (emergence with sunflower, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sunflower emergence) in three replications. The effect of weed density and time of emergence on sunflower yield, yield component and head diameter were analyzed and described by rectangular hyperbola model. Results revealed that seed number per head, seed thousand weight, head diameter and seed yield significantly decreased with increasing weed density and earlier pigweed emergence. Pigweed emerging up to six weeks later than sunflower did not cause any significant reduction in sunflower seed yield, but even at this time, increased pigweed density reduced the yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Effects of density and date of emergence of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield
Bahram Mirshekari Effects of density and emergence date of redroot pigweed (RP) (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield were studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out. Treatm More Effects of density and emergence date of redroot pigweed (RP) (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield were studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out. Treatments were five weed densities (1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeds per meter of row) at four relative times of weed emergence (simultaneous with and 10, 20 and 30 days after sugar beet emergence (DSE)) and a weed-free control. The results showed that early emergence along with high weed densities, phyllochrony of the sixth and seventh leaves were increased from 4 days in the control to 9 days in some treatments. Red root pigweed green cover ranged from zero in 1 RP per meter in row at 30 days after sugar beet emergence to 59% in full season interference (FSI) of 16 RP per meterin row. Leaf area index in sugar beet was reduced due to high weed density and early RP emergence, and the weed density was more effective than time of emergence. FSI of 16 RP per meter of row decreased sugar beet root yield to 23% as compared with the control. Economic damage of RP on sugar beet was started, when four RP per meter grew with sugar beet at least 20 DSE until late growing season. Sugar yield varied from 12.88 t. ha-1 in one RP per meter 30 DSE to 8.58 t. ha-1 in FSI of 16 RP per meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - The effect of planting pattern on phenological and morphological traits of sunflower in Zahak region, Sistan, Iran
Ahmad Mehraban Afsaneh Kamali Deljoo Omid Azizian ShermehThe current study was conducted to investigate planting pattern effect on some morphological and phenological traits of sunflower. The experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications at the Agriculture and Natura MoreThe current study was conducted to investigate planting pattern effect on some morphological and phenological traits of sunflower. The experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, Zahak, Sistan, Iran in 2014-2015. Experimental factors were consisted as interspacing planting rows of 30, 40, 50, 60 cm and inter-spacing planting rows of 10, 15, 20, 25 cm. The effects of inter-spacing planting rows on all morphological and phenological traits except number of leaves per plant and days to flowering were significant. The effect of inter-spading planting rows was significant on all traits. Interaction of inter- and intra-spacing planting rows was significant only in number of leaves. Increasing in density caused maturity and flowering enhancement and decreased flowering period. Stem and head diameter and plant height increased by intra- and inter spacing planting rows increment. Optimal planting density would be 60 cm as inter- and 25 cm as intra spacing rows to achieve maximum yield in sunflower in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Possibility of weeds control and yield increase due to intercropping Case study: marigold (Calendula officinalis) and mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Bahram MirshekariThis study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran, during 2013 in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications to study the effect of marigold and mungbean intercropping on yield and weeds biomass. Treatmen MoreThis study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran, during 2013 in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications to study the effect of marigold and mungbean intercropping on yield and weeds biomass. Treatments consisted of two cultivars of marigold (Kampar, Porpar) sowed with mungbean in 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% ratios of optimum density. Weeds in Porpar cultivar plots had higher growth potential than Kampar cultivar. When mungbean was sown with 37.5% of optimum density, dry weight of marigold increased significantly. The highest dry weight of marigold obtained from two treatments with marigold sole cropping and intercropping with mungbean at 37.5% of optimum density which was 103.5 and 95.8 gm-2, respectively. The highest amount of mungbean seed yields obtained from planting systems of 25% mungbean+100% marigold, 37.5% mungbean+100% marigold and 50% mungbean+100% marigold which were 37.2, 39.9 and 41.6 g m-2, respectively. The land equivalent ratio in all treatments except for 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold was higher than the unit. Because of the improvement of land equivalent ratio index in marigold Kampar intercropped with different densities of mungbean plots and also in marigold Porpar intercropped with densities higher than 25% of mungbean plots, and lack of significant difference in the amount of this index between mentioned densities, it is recommended to intercrop 12.5% mungbean+100% marigold in Kampar cultivar and 25% mungbean+100% marigold in Porpar cultivar Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Improvement of marigold (Calendula officinalis) yield with better control of lambsquarters (Chenopodiun album) in field condition
Bahram Mirshekari Reza SiyamiIn order to study interferential effect of lambsquarters (Chenopodiun album) on some of physiological traits and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis), a factorial experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, based on randomized complete block MoreIn order to study interferential effect of lambsquarters (Chenopodiun album) on some of physiological traits and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis), a factorial experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, based on randomized complete block design in three replications during 2014. Studied factors were weed densities (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per meter row) and its relative emergence times (along with crop, 10, 20 and 30 days after crop). Results indicated that in plots with 6-8 weed plants per meter row time to 12th leaf appearance in marigold delayed 5.3 days. In plots with only 2 weed plants, crop LAI value was similar to the control. Weed emergence time was more effective than its density on biomass. Crop biomass reduced 6.3 and 1.5 g m-2 per one weed plant increasing in meter row and one day earlier weed emergence, respectively. Weed competition had more negative effect on crop flower yield than its biomass. Lambsquarters could decrease crop yield when it was emerged with more than 4 plants per meter row. With considering of 5% permissible yield loss of marigold in competition with lambsquarters, its economic loss threshold determined when at least 2 weed plants per meter rowemerged 10 days after marigold and compete along with crop until late growth season. It was recommended to controlling of lambsquarters while at least to weed plants per meter row of marigold emerged before 10th day of emergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Yield and harvest index of sunflower (Helianthus annus) grown by a monocultur system in competition with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)
Bahram MirshekariStudy the effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) interference on yield and harvest index of sunflower (Helianthus annus), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complet block design was carried out in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch, in 2 MoreStudy the effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) interference on yield and harvest index of sunflower (Helianthus annus), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complet block design was carried out in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch, in 2007 and 2008. Factors were three weed densities (5, 15 and 25 plants m-1 in row) at three subsequent times of weed emergences (at the same time, 15 and 30 days after sunflower germination) and three sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar). Indeed, a control plot was also considered for each variety in the experiment by roghing weeds. The results showed that biological yield at the third level of weed emergence time appeared with a very low difference with the weed-free control (680 kg ha-1). Sunflower biomass decreased from 1850 g/m-2 of the control to 1350 g/m-2 during the full season interference of 25 weeds m-1 in row. Yield production in Azarghol at weed emergence time of the 15 days ofter sunflower emergence decreased by 7% and 14% of that of the control where weed density increased from a range of 5 to 15 and 15 to 25 plants/m-1 in row, respectively. Regarding to the Hysun variety, all weed treatments yielded lower than the control, and the yield of three weed emergence time treatments (at the same time, 15 and 30 days after crop emergence) was reduced by 49%, 37% and 16% of the control (3858) kg/ha-1, respectively. In Allstar variety, the yield loss was more considerable than the other two varieties and it was reduced by 35% of the lowest competition treatment that means this variety is highly susceptible to compete with weed plants like redroot pigweed. The harvest index was also disclosed high variation between three cultivars since it’s value was decreased by 6.5%, 13% and 39% of the control yield in varieties Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Response of yield related traits in three grain corn hybrids to weed competition periods
Bahram Mirshekari hojjat Shahi Ahmad Abad alireza Valad Abadi adel Dabbage Mohammadi NasabIn order to investigate the response of yield related traits in three grain corn hybrids to weed competition periods, a factorial experiment was conducted in research station of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz based on randomized complete block MoreIn order to investigate the response of yield related traits in three grain corn hybrids to weed competition periods, a factorial experiment was conducted in research station of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in 2007. The treatments were combination of weed interference periods (interference until 2–4, 4–6, and 6–8 leaf stages of corn, full season weed interference and weed free control plot) and three corn hybrids (504 , 604 and 704). Results showed that the traits such as stem height, number of grain row per maize, and grain yield were significantly influenced by corn hybrids, But by weed interference treatments. Results indicated that biological yield, dry weight of stem, leaf and maize were affected by weed interference treatments and reduced 25%, 22%, 23% and 32%, respectively in full season weed interference treatment. 504 Hybrid with stem height of 169 cm, grain yield of 5.8 tha-1 and biological yield 11.6 tha-1 was better than 604 and 704 hybrids. In interference treatments, weed free control plot showed the best result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Analysis of strategic factors affecting business on competitive dynamics with the role of customer orientation mediators in commercial companies in Ardabil province
Ahad NorouzzadehOrganizing business activities in such a way as to provide a successful implementation of business strategies is one of the most difficult challenges for managers. To analyze the collected data using maximum likelihood tests, model arrangement, skewness, elongation and MoreOrganizing business activities in such a way as to provide a successful implementation of business strategies is one of the most difficult challenges for managers. To analyze the collected data using maximum likelihood tests, model arrangement, skewness, elongation and also the path analysis method based on Baron and Kenny's proposal, the research hypotheses are analyzed in the context of structural equation modeling and the software used is SPSS and Amos. The test results of the hypotheses were based on the proposed steps of Baron and Kenny. When customer orientation plays a mediating role and when it does not play a mediating role. Based on this, it was observed that in the first stage of the test, the regression coefficient of the strategic factor variable in business on the competition dynamics variable is 0.573 and the regression coefficient of the strategic factor in business on customer orientation is equal to 0.302. In the second stage, the path coefficient (0.669) and the regression coefficient of strategic factors in business on the dynamics of competition were reduced from 0.573 to 0.372. The results of path analysis method showed that by including the customer orientation variable in the conceptual model, the impact of strategic business factors on competitive dynamics is reduced. customer orientation mediates this relationship. The results show the significant effect of strategic business factors on competitive dynamics and customer orientation, and the positive and significant effect of customer orientation on competitive dynamics has been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - The Study of Effect Factors for Outsourcing Decision (Case study: Abfa Company in Mash City)
Houshang Taghizadeh ali divanbeigiMany of the concepts that used in the industry and services, a concept is outsourcing. Outsourcing as an administrative and economic tool finds many applications in industry and services. The main purpose of this paper" is identifying the effective factors on Abfa Compa MoreMany of the concepts that used in the industry and services, a concept is outsourcing. Outsourcing as an administrative and economic tool finds many applications in industry and services. The main purpose of this paper" is identifying the effective factors on Abfa Company in Mashhad city". The statistical population is all supervisors, managers' middle and senior levels of the company that the number of them is 70 people. By using Morgan table the number 55 people has been selected as sample. For gathering of data has been use questionnaire. After determining validity and reliability of questionnaire, it has been distributed among the statistical population. For analysis of data has been used K-S, t-test and Freidman test. The results of analysis data show that variables: Tangibility, Separability, Standardization, Demand Certainty, Technology Uncertainty, Complexity, Lack of contact with final customer, Competition of Suppliers on price, being the main activity, lack of activity importance and the number of potential suppliers have impact on outsourcing. Finally, the ranking of these variables by Friedman test show that among these variables: complexity and competitive position more than spot potentially the most impact, and variable: number of alternative Suppliers and end Costume Uncontact, effect was the low. Manuscript profile
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