women

Open Access Article

1 - The Effectiveness of Waste Segregation Training on the Environmental Attitude of Female Members of Isfahan Municipality Cultural Centers
محمد علی نادی Hamid Reza Rezvani

The rapid population growth, urbanization, continuous economic development, industrialization, and increased well-being of people have led to a rise in the production of municipal solid waste. One effective approach to promote recycling in waste management is to educate More

The rapid population growth, urbanization, continuous economic development, industrialization, and increased well-being of people have led to a rise in the production of municipal solid waste. One effective approach to promote recycling in waste management is to educate individuals on waste separation at its source. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of waste segregation training on the environmental attitudes of female members of Isfahan Municipality Cultural Centers. This study is practical in its purpose and follows a two-stage exploratory research design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). The first stage involved qualitative research, where a waste segregation training package was developed based on thematic analysis. The second stage was quantitative, aiming to determine the effectiveness of the waste segregation training. In the quantitative phase, a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design was conducted. Sixty female members of cultural centers in Isfahan city were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23 software. The results revealed a significant difference in the environmental attitude variable between the control and experimental groups in both the post-test and follow-up phases (p < 0.001). The average environmental attitude scores in both the post-test and follow-up stages were higher in the experimental group than the control group. Considering the study's findings and the importance of waste management, we recommend that the government and high-level officials provide financial support for environmental training programs in society. Environmental education, particularly waste separation education, supports environmental preservation and leads to substantial savings in energy consumption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Review on Zanȃn-i- Khȃndȃn-i- ‘Asr-i-Tiymûrȋ (The Women of TimårÊd Dynasty)
Seyyed Hadi Zabihi

10.30495/jhcin.2022.20103

Although the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a boo More

Although the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a book that deals with this topic and is therefore praiseworthy. The present review is organized in two parts: firstly, an overview of the book chapters and secondly general imperfections of the book which includes: incorrect way of using sources and references, overcoming of feminist view and contradiction, lack of attention to details, lack of definitive analysis and obvious comments and Incorrect historical claims. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The effect of glass ceiling on the non-use of female executives in governmental organizations in Mazandaran province
Zahra Ataf iman Ghasemi Hamedani Mahnaz Haj Alian

Background and Objectives: The woman has been the subject of discussion of divine religions, poets, writers, anthropologists, and sociologists for the time being, due to the difference between the wisdom of God in man and his gender. In spite of the desirable results of More

Background and Objectives: The woman has been the subject of discussion of divine religions, poets, writers, anthropologists, and sociologists for the time being, due to the difference between the wisdom of God in man and his gender. In spite of the desirable results of women's management in organizations, most top managers in organizations tend to choose male managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of glass ceiling on the non-use of female managers in governmental organizations of Mazandaran province. Research method: This research is a survey based on the purpose of the applied type and according to the method of collecting the survey data and correlation type. Library and field studies were used to collect data and the research questionnaire included 71 questions. This study was performed on 140 female managers in governmental organizations of Mazandaran province and data analysis was done using SPSS software and T test. Results: The results of the research hypothesis test indicated that, according to their self-maladaptive variables, socialization at the glass ceiling, the lack of employment of women in management positions was effective. The results of the first hypothesis test using t-test showed that the average of the calculated mean of the real mean of the variable and the average level is equal to 0.256. It can be concluded that the glass ceiling influences the non-use of female managers. The results of the second hypothesis test using T test showed that the average of the calculated mean of the real mean of the variable and the average level was equal to 76.8, which suggests that self-incapacity is effective in not employing female managers. Also, the result of the third hypothesis is using The T test showed that the mean difference between the real mean of the variable and the average level is equal to 571/0. Therefore, the social empowerment of women's disability is affected by the lack of use of female managers. Conclusion: The root causes of the lack of a significant number of women in management jobs are related to cultural beliefs. This research, like other research, has confirmed the attitude of society and stereotypical views of decision-makers as one of the important factors in promoting women's leadership in management jobs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Explaining the role of virtual social networks on the economic behavior of Tehran women in the post-sanctions period with emphasis on the feminization of the home economy
Nima Bazazzadegan seyed ali rahmanzadeh Afsaneh Mozaffari

According to Thomas and Zananiki, attitudes are separate mental processes that determine the actual and potential responses of each person in the social world. This study seeks to analyze the effects of cyberspace on the economic behaviors of Tehran women in the post-sa More

According to Thomas and Zananiki, attitudes are separate mental processes that determine the actual and potential responses of each person in the social world. This study seeks to analyze the effects of cyberspace on the economic behaviors of Tehran women in the post-sanctions period, using the theories of cyberspace and economic behavior. The type of this research is applied and the main method is survey. The statistical population consists of women over 20 years old in Tehran and were selected and studied by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The reliability of the data collection tool was done with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity (expert validity) was done through CVR index or Lauche coefficient. The results show that economic behavior, which is a dependent variable and has the dimensions of economic orientation, economic action and economic cognition, has been moderately downward. The relationship between cyberspace usage and economic behavior, economic action, economic orientation has been significant and the hypothesis is confirmed, but the relationship between cyberspace usage and economic knowledge is not significant and the hypothesis is not confirmed. The number of visits to blogs, forums and wikis have a direct impact on economic behavior. The number of visits to blogs, microblogs and forums have a direct impact on economic performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Review onWomens Attendancy in Urban Space
Razieh Rezazadeh Maryam Mohammadi

Urban spaces are domains for public and communal life.  Presence and activity in public open spaces, not only provides place for face to face interaction between people, is also effective in creating vitality and contributing to mental and spiritual health of users More

Urban spaces are domains for public and communal life.  Presence and activity in public open spaces, not only provides place for face to face interaction between people, is also effective in creating vitality and contributing to mental and spiritual health of users.  There are two main perspectives which are inclusionary and exclusionary perspectives to women presence in urban spaces.  Modern society with the slogan of equality of men and women produced environments which was insensitive to different requirements due to gender difference. It took men's needs as the prototype of human needs and hence produced male responsive environments, of which women had to adopt themselves to it.  The planning and design profession was gender blind in this sense.  Zoning regulations and transportation policies all reinforced exclusion of women from active urban life and created additional obstacles for working mothers.   This article studies the inclusionary perspective to presence of women in urban open spaces in relation to globalization theories as well as Islamic viewpoints.  In this article, the necessity of women's presence in urban open space is discussed based on the requirements to respond to their basic needs which in turn require interaction in space. Here presence of women is an aim to itself. Also the necessity of women presence in space is discussed based on the viewpoints of civil society and citizenship rights which would emphasize their right as equal citizens to participate in and enjoy the urban life. Principle of pluralistic citizenship requires the presence of all groups including women as one criterion for civil society.  In other words presence of women is not an aim to itself, but a means to achieve broader goals and basic principles In addition, there is emphasize on the significance and authenticity of family and through this perspective, presence of women is justified in the urban environment to respond not only to their personal needs but also to respond to the needs of people under their care, namely children, sick and elderly.  There is a joint cause supporting women's presence in urban space and that is equity which is respected both by Islamic philosophy as well as contemporary global perspectives which justifies and aims for easing presence of women in public domain and urban space.  This article also reports on a neighborhood study in Tehran.  The results of the study shows that in general necessary activities are the major cause for presence of both gender groups in urban spaces, however there are gender differences.  Women presence is significantly higher in urban spaces for conducting their necessary activities, such as daily shopping while men's presence for social and optional activities are much higher than women's.  This shows that probably there are physical obstacles as well as social perspectives which keep women out of urban space for their social and optional activities.  It is important in that sense that the most public of spaces are not suitable and do not respond to the need to perform social and optional activities of women proposing equity question. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating Cross-Cultural Differences in the Privacy Regulation and Perception of Crowding (Northern and Kurdish Women in Iran)
Fatemeh Mohammad Niay Gharaei

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7 - Association Between Dietary Atherogenic Index and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study in Tehranian Women
Parisa Navidgouei Behnood Abbasi Sedigheh Hosseini

10.30495/fh.2023.76378.1150

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control st More

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between dietary atherogenic index (AI) and PCOS risk. The study included 203 women with PCOS and 291 healthy controls from Taleghenai Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. AI was calculated based on dietary fatty acid intake. Participants’ mean ages were 28.98±5.43 and 30.15±6.21 years for cases and controls, respectively. No significant differences in intakes of total fat, cholesterol, saturated, trans, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, or linolenic acids were observed across AI quartiles (p>0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake decreased significantly with increasing AI quartiles (p=0.034). In addition, this case-control study found no relationship between the dietary atherogenic index and the risk of PCOS among Iranian women. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the role of dietary fatty acids in PCOS pathogenesis. Manuscript profile

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8 - The relation of household food security with osteoporosis in 40-50 year non-menopausal women referred to Karaj DEXA center
Maryam Naderi Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh Abolghassem Djazayery

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9 - Identifying and enhancing the distinctive consumption patterns of women in the sports goods industry
zahra barzegaryazdi nima majedi mehdi naderi nasab

The purpose of the current research was to identify and expand the effective factors on women's consumption patterns in the field of sports goods. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population o More

The purpose of the current research was to identify and expand the effective factors on women's consumption patterns in the field of sports goods. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the research included experts and specialists in the fields of management, marketing and sports management, doctoral students in the field of sports marketing and women who are provided with sports services. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected in the qualitative part based on theoretical saturation (16 people and 28 documents) and in the quantitative part they were selected using the available targeted method (360 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.91) and composite reliability. Qualitative part analysis was done with Maxqda software, and quantitative part analysis was done with Smart PLS3 structural equation model software. The findings of the research showed that the conceptual framework of the current research included five parts of environmental factors, consumption prerequisites, society values and norms, demographic characteristics of reference groups, and improving the consumption of sports goods. Also, the values and norms have been examined from the two perspectives of society's values and consumption culture. In the quantitative part, it was found that most of the paths of relationships between the research components (except for the path of environmental factors -> improvement of consumption of sports goods) as well as the items with each of their factors are greater than 1.96 and significant, this significance indicates the correct prediction of the relationships. It is a research model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The impact of women's prison recidivism
Sh. Moazemi Mahsa Shiravi M. Salehi

This article aims to explain the impact of the women's prison recidivism and recidivism released , using the theories of sociology and social problems such as anomie, labeling, criminal subculture, preferential association to investigate causes Women recidivism, as an i More

This article aims to explain the impact of the women's prison recidivism and recidivism released , using the theories of sociology and social problems such as anomie, labeling, criminal subculture, preferential association to investigate causes Women recidivism, as an important social problem in the community and to provide a way to reduce recidivism of released patients are the focus. The main question of this research is that the factors on recidivism and return to prison is effective in women. The methodology of this study with the use of questionnaire survey with observation and interviews. The target population is all prisoners in Rajai Shahr prison in 1390. The sample of 200 male and female prisoners were divided into control and experimental record, which was stratified random sampling. Information collected using descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson tests, and analyzed using SPSS software. Results of this study demonstrated that personal factors such as age, education , And return to the prison there, also valid statistical tests show that the inverse relationship between the rejection of family and social environment, there are more words in accepting prisoners from the family and social environment of less freedom is not possible to will be returning.  Manuscript profile

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11 - Protection of Environment and women’s social position in Iran (A Community Level Study)
Soheila Alirezanejad

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12 - The Relationship between Perception of Time, Fear, Expected Anxiety and Hope in Pregnant Women and their Partners
Leila Mirzajani Tahmoures Aghajani Javid Peymani

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13 - Presenting a Model for Economic Empowerment of Vulnerable Women based on Grounded Theory (Case of Study: Vulnerable Women Supported by Tehran Municipality)
Zahra Sadat Moshir Estekhare

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14 - مطالعه وضعیت زنان سرپرست خانوار در بلایای طبیعی : (زلزله 1396 کرمانشاه )
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh Shekarbeygi Ehsan Rahmani Khalili

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15 - The Process of Violence against Women in Iran and the World: Providing Solutions to Reduce Violence based on the Experience of Countries
Mahmoud Hosseinabadi Ramatollah Amirahmadi Alireza Esmaeili Mohammadreza Naeimi

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16 - Examination of the Relationship among Various Types of Capital (Social Capital, Cultural Capital and Economic Capital) Along with the Lifestyle of Elderly Women Under the Aegis of the Welfare Organization (Case study: Golestan province)
Tahereh Jabbari Rahmatollah Amirahamdi Gholamreza Khoshfar Gholamreza Khoshfar

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17 - Uneven Empowerment: A Case Study on Women Beekeepers in Central Iran
Soheila Alirezanejad

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18 - Factors Influencing Rural Women Participation in Agricultural Extension Programs, Case Study Mazandaran, Iran
Sh. Soltani A. Ahmadpour S. Feali

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19 - Study the effect of entrepreneurship, as a cultural factor, on the empowerment of women
Maryam Soufi Aliakbar rezaei

Introduction and purpose: The most important factor contributing to the culture ofentrepreneurship movement from potentiality to actuality, the development of theentrepreneurial spirit of the people is through education.Accordingly, the present study was to evaluate the More

Introduction and purpose: The most important factor contributing to the culture ofentrepreneurship movement from potentiality to actuality, the development of theentrepreneurial spirit of the people is through education.Accordingly, the present study was to evaluate the impact of entrepreneurship trainings, aswell as cultural factors, the promotion of women's empowerment is an attempt to answerthis question: If entrepreneurship trainings in” entrepreneurship center of Tehranmunicipality” on the empowerment” of women has been effect?Methods: In this study, 382 women living in zones 2, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 16 of Tehran wereinterviewed .201of them participated in entrepreneurship training periods and 181 womennever participated in entrepreneurship training periods. Sampling the whole number ofpersons in the first group and the second group stage cluster sampling was conducted .Results:In variable rates of women's empowerment, the average score of those whoparticipate in entrepreneurship training periods (99.74),was less than the average score ofthose who didnt participate (95.20), It can confirm the hypothesis that : there is a significantrelationship between the independent variable "entrepreneurship education" and thedependent variable" women's empowerment”.Conclusion: The empowerment of women is significantly influenced entrepreneurshiptrainings. High levels of psychological empowerment, social, intellectual independence anda sense of power among women participating in the courses , Tweets reveal the role of thistraining. Manuscript profile

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20 - Sociological study of the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scouting
Soheila Abdi Nemat Abad bahram ghadimi Shahla hojjat Masoumeh shojaei zahra Alipor-darvishi

10.30495/jisds.2007.21261

The study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin More

The study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews.This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation.Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile

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21 - Social and cultural capital's effect on lifestyle of elderly women covered by the state Welfare Organization (case study: Golestan province)
rahmatollah amirahmadi Tahereh jabbary Gholamreza Khoshfar

10.30495/jisds.2007.21323

The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social and cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey in terms of nature) Survey Research (and it was in the period of 1398-1399 which has been implemented in Golestan pro More

The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social and cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey in terms of nature) Survey Research (and it was in the period of 1398-1399 which has been implemented in Golestan province. The statistical sampling is , 183 samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. To assess lifestyle, Miller and Smith’s lifestyle questionnaires were used. And to measure social and cultural capital, the questions of previous research questionnaires in this field were used, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data.Research findings show that there is a positive relationship between social and cultural capital and the lifestyle of elderly women. In the equation of regression analysis, analysis of variance is calculated for social asset , the value of F is equal to 14.671 and the significance of F (Sig = 0.000) and for cultural capital (the value of F is equal to 1.294 and the significance of F (Sig = 0.278).) which shows the lifestyle with dimensions Social capital (social trust, interpersonal trust, institutional trust, formal and informal participation and social interaction) and the dimensions of cultural capital (cultural consumption, number of books, number of works of art, foreign language, media consumption) have a direct linear relationship and the need for managerial and educational measures to promote cultural asset to achieve the desired lifestyle is suggested. Manuscript profile

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22 - Investigating the role of female identification in the performance of women's representatives in the 5th Islamic Consultative Assembly
fatemah haghani sarmi gholamhosien zargarinezad sina forosezh

The most important area of political participation of women in Iran after the Islamic Revolution was the legislature; the fifth session of the Islamic Consultative Assembly witnessed the presence of the largest number of women as members of the parliament. During this p More

The most important area of political participation of women in Iran after the Islamic Revolution was the legislature; the fifth session of the Islamic Consultative Assembly witnessed the presence of the largest number of women as members of the parliament. During this period, the women's representative succeeded in ratifying important laws to improve the status of women in Iranian society. The main question in this article is: what factors led women women's parliaments to success in the fifth legislature? This research is based on a detailed descriptive-analytical approach to parliamentary talks, parliamentary libraries and publications. In this research, while presenting the history of women's participation, by examining parliamentary resolutions on women, explaining the performance of women's representatives, research findings indicate that increasing the level of women's political participation in society, increasing the number of delegates, and increasing the education of women's deputies to courses Previously, the coming of the government in line with the approach to focusing on women's rights, socio-cultural changes in society, and the media's impact on raising women's awareness, as well as the "identity" factor in the process of ratifying the laws on women's demands, the existing discourses of political-social domains And the constitution of factors t The contributors are considered to be laws. Key words: parliament, women representative, fifth parliament, approvals, participation Manuscript profile

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23 - The Effect of Social Capital on the Mental Health Of Educational Women
sousan sahami Hossainzehi Enait

10.30495/jisds.2007.21238

Abstract:The purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Kokran's formul More

Abstract:The purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Kokran's formulate 191 women selected from the population of Sarbaz city through cluster random sampling method. Questionnaires of goldberg's mental health (1972), social capital questionnaires of Sahami (1996) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation and regression method were used to analyze data. The results showed that there is significant relationship between the social capital andmental health.In addition mental health showed significant relationship with social network and political trust. But didn’t show significant relationship with social cooperation and family trust. The regression analyzes showed that the dimensions of political trust and social network could predict mental health of educational women.Social capital creates social cohesion, confidence, and a willingness to engage in local activities. He also believes that social capital can reduce stress and health risk factors. Manuscript profile

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24 - Compilation and pathological evaluation of cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in Tehran Region 1)
sanaz golijanimoghadam seyed reza salehiamiri محمدخانی mohamadkhani Abbas Ali Ghayomi

10.30495/jisds.2022.64229.11643

The purpose of this study is to compile and pathologically evaluate the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in region one of Tehran). The research is qualitative in terms of data a More

The purpose of this study is to compile and pathologically evaluate the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in region one of Tehran). The research is qualitative in terms of data and information and applied in terms of purpose and exploratory descriptive in terms of method with Delphi technique. The size of the statistical population and the statistical sample, including 30 experts and academics in the field of culture, was done purposefully. In this study, the Delphi technique (obtaining expert opinion), with the help of a questionnaire and interviews with experts, was conducted to obtain and compile the validity and content validity of cultural factors and components underlying the spread of women's divorce in District One of Tehran. Qualitative findings of the research with regard to the consensus of experts in the subset of each of the 11 factors and components (information and communication technology, media, education, cultural invasion, cultural conflict, lifestyle, urban life luxuries, migration, tourism, Religious beliefs, inequality), in the form of pathology of all cultural factors underlying the spread of women's divorce in the form of pathology approach (behavioral, structural, contextual), and the dimensions of systemic components (individual, family, government, society), formulated and It was finalized and provided the basis for the development of a researcher-made questionnaire for future quantitative and qualitative (mixed) research of researchers in this field. Manuscript profile

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25 - Investigating the Factors Affecting Self-Alienation among Female Private Sector Employees in Isfahan
Mohammad Reza Rashidi Alehashem

10.30495/jisds.2007.21343

The purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the alienation of female employees in the private sector in Isfahan. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey methods at the causal level The statistical population of th More

The purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the alienation of female employees in the private sector in Isfahan. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey methods at the causal level The statistical population of the study was women working in the private sector in Isfahan. The sample includes 120 women in the private sector in Isfahan A quota was selected from 32 private companies to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using statistics in SPSS and Amos software. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Which was between 0.7 to 0.8. From the weak and inverse Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.068) it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between work experience and alienation from work among women working in the private sector in Isfahan; Inversion of the correlation coefficient means that the higher the work experience of individuals, the lower the degree of alienation. The average score of alienation from work in women working in the private sector in Isfahan in the upper class is equal to (85.42), which is higher than the average of other bases And this difference was only in the sample, because according to the F test with a value (1.11) and a significance level of more than 0.05, it is not significant at least at the 95% level. Manuscript profile

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26 - Studying the Social Factors Effective on the Improvement of Organizational Role (A Case Study: The Employed Woman at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran)
Masoumeh Abdolvahabi Ali Roshanaei Omid Ali Ahmadi Hossein Jamali Ashtiani

10.30495/jisds.2022.19722

The present research aims at the study of the social factors effective on the improvement of the organizational role of the employed women. By integrating theories of Giddens' structuration, social exchange, feministic theories and role conflict, the theoretical framewo More

The present research aims at the study of the social factors effective on the improvement of the organizational role of the employed women. By integrating theories of Giddens' structuration, social exchange, feministic theories and role conflict, the theoretical framework of the research offered a model to explain the transformations in an organization, motivations to role improvement, and women´s position on pyramid of organizational role.Explanation method was used for the research. Statistical community includes employed women at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Sample size was 150 as calculated by random sampling based on Cochran's formula. Researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data, and data processing was done using software.Results show that women are not present at higher levels of the organization and, despite the opportunities for their presence at the middle levels, the related role improvement during the employment period is less than %5. Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed that from different variables, including the number of successful exemplary women, support by the organization, and role transition, respectively had the most powerful correlation with the dependent variable. In multivariate regression analysis, job satisfaction, support by the organization, the number of successful exemplary women, role transition, and conditions of employment are the significant variables. And, net effect of job satisfaction variable on position improvement of the employed women is more than that of the independent variables. Multivariate regression could express %41 of the variable of job improvement of women. Thus, the results confirm the theoretical framework and Manuscript profile

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27 - The role of social support in preventing job-family role conflict
SeyedAlireza Afshani Lida Hatefi-rad

Work and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in More

Work and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in Yazd which is one of social factors related to work- family conflict. Research method was survey and data collected by a questionnaire and 323 employed woman selected by cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by the statistical software’s, namely SPSS and AMOS. The Findings of this study indicate that social support of employed people had significant and negative relationship with work-family conflict. Also there is a significant and negative relationship between social support of family and social support of supervisor with work- family conflict. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between social support from colleagues and role conflict. Thus, social support from family and work is essential in order to reduce the pressure and stress of female employees. Manuscript profile

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28 - Opportunities and challenges of developing urban spaces for women (case study: women's centers and parks in Tehran)
Zahra Zare

Women's urban spaces are implemented as a solution for the development of women's activities, especially in the field of leisure and sports, so that women can use urban spaces more by reducing some customary and religious restrictions. This research tries to e More

Women's urban spaces are implemented as a solution for the development of women's activities, especially in the field of leisure and sports, so that women can use urban spaces more by reducing some customary and religious restrictions. This research tries to examine the field findings and the opinions of experts and informants to gain an understanding of the opportunities and challenges of these spaces. The research method is mixed and qualitative. Documentary methods and practical and collaborative research have been used. In the documentary part, the findings of 22 articles of the last ten years have been used, and in the practical and collaborative research, the opinions of 40 key informants in this field have been used. The branch of data analysis is qualitative content analysis and SWOT analysis. The findings show that women need and are interested in these spaces. However, there are some weak points such as: inappropriate location, insufficient description of services and program, and how to interact with participants and women. Weak public trust in the municipality and government institutions, not prioritizing women's issues and emphasizing sloganeering and advertising approaches and the desire for bisexual and family spaces are some of the challenges of these spaces Manuscript profile

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29 - study of effective socio-economic factors on employment of Iranian immigrant women in Calgary, Canada, 2009
Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi Mahdieh Salmasi

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30 - An Evaluation of Life Expectancy Status among Homeless Women in Tehran City (Case of study: A Temporary Holding Center for Homeless Women of Tehran Municipality, "Samansraye Lavizan")
Khadijeh Safiri Rasoul Khadem

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31 - The Assessment of the Female Carpet Weavers’ Economic Abilities in Taka’abafshar and Their Role in Rural Development (Case of Study: Villages of Taka’ab Division)
Mohammad sadegh Oliyaie Mehdi Dehghan Neyestanaki

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32 - Gender and development: a Glimpse on Demographic Changes in Iranian Rural Areas
Soheila Alirezanejad Foroughasadat Banihashem

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33 - The Typology of Interest-Free Loan Funds and Women Potency; the Traditional Micro Credits Model in Iran
Soheila Alirezanezhad

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34 - The Effect of Social Capital on the Mental Health of Educational Women
Enayatollah Hosseinzehi Sousan Sahami

The purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Chochran's formulate 191 More

The purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Chochran's formulate 191 women selected from the population of Sarbaz city through cluster random sampling method. Questionnaires of Goldberg’s mental health (1972), social capital questionnaires of Sahami (1996) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation and regression method were used to analyze data. The results showed that there is significant relationship between the social capital and mental health. In addition mental health’s showed significant relationship with social network and political trust. But didn’t show significant relationship with social cooperation and family trust. The regression analyzes showed that the dimensions of political trust and social network could predict mental health of educational women. Social capital creates social cohesion, confidence, and a willingness to engage in local activities. He also believes that social capital can reduce stress and health risk factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - A survey of the impacts of employment on women's life qualification in Mashhad city 2009
Habibollah Zanjani Masoumeh Bayat

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Design and delivery a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis
Mahmoud Hashemi Sharam Alipour Mohsen Ameri Sharabi

This study discussed the Design and delivery a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After an More

This study discussed the Design and delivery a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components of 621 concept codes were obtained and then classified at six dimensions including, home business (with 6 components), culture making of women job involvement (with 4 components), job culture enhancement (with 6 factors), neighborhood identity enhancement (with 6 factors), Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management (with 4 components) empowerment of women (with 5 components). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The Role of Entrepreneurial Women in economic Development(Case Study: khoramrod Rural District of Tuyserkan City)
moslem bashirahsan rebaz ghorbaninejad

The participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entreprene More

The participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entrepreneurs in rural economic development emphatically on Khoramroud rural district of Tuyserkan city. Research data have been collected by questionnaire and field studies of twenty villages of Khoramroud rural district. After that, the data have been analyzed by descriptive-analytical methodology, field survey and using of Spearman Test. Results anf findings show that the participation of entrepreneur women of Khoramroud rural district has provided the economic development of that area, increase of occupation and revenue along with growth of investment and facilities. Nevertheless, this phenomenon has not caused sustainable economic revival and enrichment with long-term economic diversification of that rural district. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The study of socio-economic characteristics of the rural women and their contribution in the household income. Case study: The rural women of Divandareh town
M.S Aliyayi

Besides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and a More

Besides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and agricultural activities including plantation, harvesting, animal husbandry and gardening are more noticeable. Furthermore, the role which they play in the family's responsibilities is considerable and perhaps it is more than that of the urban women.    In this article, the socio-economic characteristics of the women in the rural areas of Divandareh town and their share in the family income with regard to the value of the labor force being produced by them in the production activities have been reviewed.   Using a survey method, this study selected 177 sample households on the basis of random sampling out of four various rural districts. Moreover, the collection data was performed by using questionnaire technique and oral interviews.    The finding of this research shows that there is a meaningful co-efficiency between the variable of the women's' labor force value and their share in the household income.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Identification Effective Factors on Social - Economic Empowerments of Rural Women memberships of Micro-credit Funds of the Firouzkouh County
kayvan shoja chaghervand Farhad Lashgarara Maryam Mahmoodi

One of the main indicators of national economic modernization and social development, is the participation of women and the role of women in economic structures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effective factors over social and economic empowerments of r More

One of the main indicators of national economic modernization and social development, is the participation of women and the role of women in economic structures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effective factors over social and economic empowerments of rural women membership of micro-credit funds of the Firouzkouh county. The statically population of this research, was rural women memberships of micro-credit fund of the city of Firoozkooh (N = 102). Due to the small sample size in this study, the census method was used. Finally, SPSS v19, Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0/823) for different sections of the questionnaire was calculated. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship at level of 1% error among socioeconomically empowerment of women membership of micro-credit funds of Firouzkouh county and economical, educational- promotional, social-cultural, personality-psychological and level of education and there is a significant and negative correlation with age variable and there is a level of 1% error. The results also showed that 55 percent of variance changes of socioeconomically empowerment of rural women memberships of micro-credit funds were depended on personality-psychological and educational- promotional factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Explain Predictive Factors Tendency to Entrepreneurship among Rural Women
Hamed Izadi bahman khosravipour Ameneh SavariMombeni

10.30495/jaeer.2022.63412.10897

Today, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this st More

Today, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was explaining the predictive factors of tendency to entrepreneurship among rural women. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural women in five villages of Deh Pir jonobi of eastern functions of Khorramabad county, the Center of Lorestan province (N = 756) based on Morgan table, a sample size of 256 people was selected. The sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of faculty members and relevant experts. In addition, to determine the reliability of different parts of the questionnaire, pre-test and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was between 0.70 and 0.91. The results obtained from the model of structural equations of path analysis showed that the three variables of self-identity, self-efficacy and facilities are the variables affecting the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship in a positive and direct way. and these variables eventually accounted for 86% of the changes Predict the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship. The results of this study have important implications for policymakers seeking to promote the entrepreneurial culture of rural women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Analysis of the Challenges of Micro-Credit Fund of Rural Women in Lorestan Province
Mojtaba Salehi Mehdi Rahimian Saeed Gholamrezai

The Purpose of this study was to analyze the challenges of micro-credit fund of rural women. Statistical population of this research consisted the rural women of micro credit fund members in Lorestan province (N= 772) that 160 of them determined as a statistical sample More

The Purpose of this study was to analyze the challenges of micro-credit fund of rural women. Statistical population of this research consisted the rural women of micro credit fund members in Lorestan province (N= 772) that 160 of them determined as a statistical sample by using Cochran’s formula. Samples were selected based on multi stage cluster sampling method and data were collected by questionnaire of them. Questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.96) and content validity. Data analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. According to results of the exploratory factor analysis challenges of micro-credit fund in the empowering of rural women in Lorestan province categorized in seven factors that in order of importance are: Managerial – Administrative, Legal - Political, Production – Marketing, Members Character, Educational, Financial - Credit and Monitoring- Planning challenges. These challenges explained 74.5 percent of the total variance. Results of the confirmed factor analysis indicated the significance of these factors as challenges of micro-credit fund in the empowering of rural women in Lorestan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The Effect of 16 Weeks of Low Calorie Diet on Irisin Serum Levels and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Sedentary Women
A. Ramezankhani R. Sori

Introduction: Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary wom More

Introduction: Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary women. Materials and Methods: Twenty women (Mean± SD: 41.40±4.53 years; 76.69±6.14 Kg) who referred to home health of west of Tehran were divided into two groups; caloric restriction group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The calorie restriction group, in the intervention period, received 25% less than the estimated daily energy requirement. Serum irisin, glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR were measured before and after 16 weeks. Results: Weight, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist to hip ratio), serum irisin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased significantly in the caloric restriction group. Significant correlation were observed between changes of serum irisin levels with changes of body weight, WHR, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between serum irisin levels with BMI, WHR and HOMA-IR. 16 weeks of caloric restriction is effective in reduction of serum irisin levels and insulin resistance in obese sedentary women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - The Importance of Access to Clean Environmental Energy in Reducing Violence against women
Valiollah Nasiri Hossein Sorayyai Azar Hojjat Salimy

10.30495/jest.2023.67773.5690

The connection between fossil fuel production and uses and violence against local women, and the escalation of violence against women due to climate change and also violence against women who defend the importance of environment protection and critcise the uses of fossi More

The connection between fossil fuel production and uses and violence against local women, and the escalation of violence against women due to climate change and also violence against women who defend the importance of environment protection and critcise the uses of fossil fuels are issues that highlight the importance of access to clean energy in reducing violence against women. Given the neglect, denial and insufficient attention to the impact of energy on the escalation of violence against women by researchers and policymakers, this study is a descriptive-analytical research using international documents and established views of the international institutions intends to discuss the relationship between fossil energy uses and production and violence against women to suggest a way to a common future.  Research findings show that women's access to the clean energy is very effective in reducing violence against them, while the issue of violence against women criticizing fossil fuel uses is a new challenge to international law and women's rights that needs to be addressed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - 􀀃 The Analythic Approach towards Psychologic and Behavier Needs of Women and Theirt Influence on Quality of Space (Case study: Public Space/
Mehrvash Kazemi farah habib Seyed gholamreza eslami

3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of t More

3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of their different gender roles in society they have some different andspecial needs in using the spaces. Sometimes spaces, exactly public spaces, for a part of user (women) are notsuitable because gender needs are overlooked. Gendered spaces as a problem will be appeared when we forgetgender differences, so that some users (women) have to leave the space and in this way a general space isconverted to a specific space. This research attempts to find and explain these spaces by focusing on womenpsychological and behavior needs in public spaces as parks.Method: Research methodology is survey and case study is chosen from some parks of Tabriz.Result: This research attempts to to clarify the process of being gendered and to investigate the spaces in threeways of being gendered:1-By planning2-By design process3-By occupation and future using.Finally, three factors were found: sparated spaces, easy circulation and domination on space in parks that makesuitable spaces Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Survey the Effects of Micro Finance Credits Fund on the Rural Women’s Managerial Empowerment (Case Study: Alamout Region)
Mohammad Mahdi Mozaffari Mohammad Sadegh Ziaee

The main objective of this study was to survey the effects of micro finance credits fund on the rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The present study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data analysis is descriptive- correlational More

The main objective of this study was to survey the effects of micro finance credits fund on the rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The present study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data analysis is descriptive- correlational. The statistical population consists of rural women member of micro finance credits fund in the Alamout region (83 members) that 68 members of them were selected as the sample size using simple random sampling method and Cochran formula. Questionnaire validity using panel of experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient were determined. This coefficient for questionnaire was estimated 0.82 which shows its reliability. In order to study causal relationships between affecting variables on rural women’s managerial empowerment members of micro finance credits fund from Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Kruskal- Wallis, Mann- Whitney and Multiple Regression tests were used.The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a significant difference in the level of one percent between respondents’ perspective than cognition of the village situation, entrepreneurial spirit and the financial independence, the spirit of self-esteem and self-confidence and promoting of new jobs with rural women’s managerial empowerment in Alamout region. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that head of household or not influence on rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that the significant variables in this study about 57 percent of the dependent variable changes "rural women’s managerial empowerment through micro financial credit in Alamout region" to explain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The Role and Status of Women in Islamophobia with an Approach to Imam Khomeini's Viewpoint
Zahra Alizadeh Mina Sadat Tabatabaei A’zam E’temadifard

Islamophobia is a phenomenon that is taking place in various political, social and cultural fields and women are now being used by Western powers as a tool to spread Islamophobia, as the issue of women is one of the most important and strategic issues of all societies.& More

Islamophobia is a phenomenon that is taking place in various political, social and cultural fields and women are now being used by Western powers as a tool to spread Islamophobia, as the issue of women is one of the most important and strategic issues of all societies. This issue has long existed in societies among thinkers and in the various morals and habits of nations. The widespread and heavy wave of media ads has always been based on the fact that Muslim women are under the most severe pressure and do not enjoy any of their legal and religious freedoms. In contrast, non-Muslim women enjoy gender justice and own freedoms and rights equal to men and are rapidly making progress. This study initially tries to provide a comprehensive definition of Islamophobia and then surveys the rights of Muslim women, discriminatory behavior against women and the reflection of Muslim women in Hollywood cinema; and finally Qur'anic strategies to deal with this phenomenon are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - A comparative study of the image of women in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shawqi based on Phyllis Chesler’s theory
mina salari seyed aliakbar shariatifar abolghasem amirahmadi

In this article, a comparative study of the female image in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shoghi's poems is done based on Phyllis Chesler's theory. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and its method is library. The results of the research show that there More

In this article, a comparative study of the female image in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shoghi's poems is done based on Phyllis Chesler's theory. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and its method is library. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in terms of the classification of women and some of their personality traits in the military style of thought and Ahmed Shoghi's point of view; Of course, this does not mean that the views of Nizami and Shoghi are completely similar, and they have completely different views in some fields. Ahmad Shoghi is a traditional poet who has not been freed from the shackles of traditionalism and has not taken steps that are very different from his predecessors. He pays attention to the external features of women and describes them following the example of ancient poets, but in his plays, when he talks about women and love, he seems like a poet in love. In this type of poetry, the poet is freed from the constraints imposed by the social situation, so it expresses sincere and sensitive feelings. In the introduction of women, Nizami introduces women with chastity and modesty, the profession in love making; Wisdom is a distinctive feature of women in love in Khumsa. A decent quality that Shoghi's desired women are miles away from. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Women poets in the Arab Literature
Mehdi Momtahen Shamsi Vaghefzadeh Hassan Khanjani

In 20th century, In the order of feminist liberating, an expression comes to an existence called "female literature", that in the decade at 80th and 10th in the form at :female literature critics:" casts a shadow on Arabic literature. Even though, with the Majarity at i More

In 20th century, In the order of feminist liberating, an expression comes to an existence called "female literature", that in the decade at 80th and 10th in the form at :female literature critics:" casts a shadow on Arabic literature. Even though, with the Majarity at inventor and initiator women, in the field at literature, But this expression still is in doubt. And even this doubt exist is in women's writing so this is why this expression is a challenging expression among agreeing and A disagreeing. Discrepancy about this expression mostly is in this case that: Daes female literature mean that kind of literature that the females make it? Or Daes it mean that it is a kind of literature that women write that encourage the society to stand against the make wit's a kind of literature that it's subject is female. Basically there any literature called "male literature" or femle literature", or what exist is a human literature nat make or female what does this expression really mean? Feminist literature? Literary female or female literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - A Critical Analysis of Male and Female Discipline with a Focus on the Book Taadib al Nesvan (Disciplining Women)
Zahra Borji Ahmad Zakeri

10.30495/dk.2023.1879567.2528

Women’s issues (implying a living creature, fertile, originally related to life), their personality, position and status in the family and society are among other issues that, similar to  other cultural and social issues, are reflected in the mirror of litera More

Women’s issues (implying a living creature, fertile, originally related to life), their personality, position and status in the family and society are among other issues that, similar to  other cultural and social issues, are reflected in the mirror of literature and culture of nations, embodying the personal and social attitudes of the authors and the general public to indicate the way women were treated . Do they think women have the same rights as men? Or that woman is a parasitic and second-hand creature dependent on man, who has no independence in her opinions and personality? Or what is the role of woman from the perspective of Quran and Islam and other holy books and religious leaders and experts? The present research seeks to address the aforementioned questions in various eras particularly in Qajar dynasty period to examine the status of women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Women’s portrait in Myth and History According to Shahnameh and Beyhaghi’s history
hadi Khdivar rahele Ensafi soroor

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Open Access Article

51 - Relationship Between cultural capital and the lifestyle of elderly women
Tahereh Jabbary Touran Rahmatollah Amirahamdi Gholamreza Khosh Far Ebrahim Ghafari

The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey. The statistical population of the study is 340 elderly people over 60 years of age who use the daily services of the provincial More

The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey. The statistical population of the study is 340 elderly people over 60 years of age who use the daily services of the provincial State Welfare Organization. Using Cochran's formula, 183 samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. To assess lifestyle, Miller and Smith’s lifestyle questionnaires were used. And to measure cultural capital, the questions of previous research questionnaires in this field were used, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data. Research findings show that there is a positive relationship between cultural capital and the lifestyle of elderly women. In the equation of regression analysis, analysis of variance is calculated for cultural capital the value of F is equal to 1.294 and the significance of F(Sig = 0.278).) which shows the lifestyle with the dimensions of cultural capital (cultural consumption, number of books, number of works of art, foreign language, media consumption) have a direct linear relationship, it’s apparent that cultural capital is of great importance in creating lifestyle and acquiring it is one of the most essential ways to promote older women lifestyle. Also, it can explain lifestyle more than other factors. So, it`s highly recommended law makers and planners pay greater attention to enforcing cultural capital in both middle and old age. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Analyzing the factors affecting women's participation in the intentional murder of a disturbing man
Mahtab Mafi Hosein Fekrazad Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri

Although women's involvement in intentional homicide seems to have the same nature, it is actually done with different reasons and motivations. Women who assisted in the intentional murder of disturbing men are those who were harassed by disturbing men (killed) and by s More

Although women's involvement in intentional homicide seems to have the same nature, it is actually done with different reasons and motivations. Women who assisted in the intentional murder of disturbing men are those who were harassed by disturbing men (killed) and by sharing the matter with their husbands and under their supervision, they committed the act of assisting in the intentional killing of disturbing men. This research aims to identify the factors affecting women's participation in the intentional murder of a disturbing man. The technique used in this research is observation and semi-structured interviews, and its method is grounded theory. In order to obtain the personal characteristics of the prisoners, their personal files have been used. The statistical population of this research is 6 women who were in Ray Shahr Penitentiary in 2017 for the crime of aiding in the intentional murder of a disturbing man. The findings of the research show that three categories of causal, contextual and intervening factors have had an effect on women's involvement in intentional homicide, which causal factors are: the disturbing man's non-adherence to moral principles, fanatical beliefs and honor worship of the husband. Background conditions include: migration and marginalization, mistreatment of women. The intervening conditions are: concealment of the truth by the woman due to the fear of her husband's harsh and violent behavior, coercion and domination by the husband for the woman's cooperation in the deliberate murder of the annoying man. Action strategies include: murder and violent behavior towards others, which have consequences such as the condemnation of women and their unfavorable situation, the punishment of the husband as a steward in intentional murder, and the disorderly situation of children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Does Ecotourism Development Promote Rural Women’s Empowerment?
Sahar Aghdasi Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini

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Open Access Article

54 - Characteristics of Female Sonneteers during Andalus Era in the Light of Modern Psychological Criticism
Abbas Eqbali Faezeh Pasandi

  Abundance of skillful Poetesses in ode writing is one of the features of literature history during Andulus era. Hence, a great deal of Andalusian poems appertain to poetesses; The poems are of features like delicacy, accuracy, elegance and development. This is cl More

  Abundance of skillful Poetesses in ode writing is one of the features of literature history during Andulus era. Hence, a great deal of Andalusian poems appertain to poetesses; The poems are of features like delicacy, accuracy, elegance and development. This is clear that the basic characteristics of such poetic experience is derived from poetess's skill in representing ancient meanings with a modern method that differs from dominant meanings in traditional poems. Also nature of Andalusian land has led the poetess to use its clear and sensible elements in her poem. When the poetess sonnetizes, she clarifies her captivation and all great meanings which is considered as a female's nature. In addition, she intensively wishes in her poetic experience to make her poem distinct and different from others, far from her rivals' eyes and just with her own delight and enthusiasm. The present article introduces sonnets of Andalusian poetesses as a mirror of their psychological attitudes as well as including textual features derived from imagination which has in fact psychological origin based on modern psychological criticism in addition to studying Andalusian women's poetic approach with emphasis on poetesses like Bothayneh Bint  AlMutamid, Zeynab Almerieh, Qamar Jarieh Ibrahim, Uom Al'ala Albint Yousuf, Veladeh Albint Almostakfi. This study also clarifies that poems of Andalusian poetesses with chastely love have psychological characteristics like pain of Love, nostalgia, lack of will, Nirvana, masochism. In contrast, permissible lyric poems are with features like sexuality, affront and precision.  Manuscript profile

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55 - A Study of the Relationship Between Organizational Resilience and Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of High School Teachers in Kermanshah Province
Mohsen Karami Sara Kazemi Shamsi Rahmani

The purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its perfo More

The purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its performance method is survey. The statistical population of the research consists of all female teachers in governmental and nongovernmental high schools of Kermanshah. Convenience sampling was used in this research to determine 286 teachers as the sample of study with regard to the total population (N=1000) and based on the Cochran formula. The research measurement instruments included three questionnaires of Public Health (Goldenberg), Adults' Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al.), and Job Satisfaction (Kendall & Hulin). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and their reliability was calculated to be 95%, 89%, and 93% respectively. For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including correlation and regression were used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between components of resilience (personal qualification, social qualification, social support, family integrity, and personal structure) and mental health signs. Furthermore, a negative and significant relationship was observed between aspects of job satisfaction (occupation, supervisor, and colleagues) and mental health signs while there was no significant relationship between aspects of promotion and payment. Regression analysis results revealed that among predictor variables, the variables of personal qualification, social support, and personal structure have the potential to predict mental health symptoms. With respect to the research findings, the managers can have a positive impact on the betterment of their employees' resilience and job satisfaction.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Originality of Women in the Poetry of Parvin Etesami
Ghasem Sahraee Mohammad Khosravishakib

Parvin Etesami is among the few famous female poets in Persian literature. Being influenced by the Islamic- Iranian culture, she analyzes the position of women in her contemporary era, and, addressing women, informs them of their capabilities and values. Reminding the More

Parvin Etesami is among the few famous female poets in Persian literature. Being influenced by the Islamic- Iranian culture, she analyzes the position of women in her contemporary era, and, addressing women, informs them of their capabilities and values. Reminding the women of the restrictions and difficulties they have undergone in the Iranian society, in her poems, Parvin attempts to present a realistic picture of women. She directly states that women should be regarded as the foundation and basis of life, and that it is through them that a comfortable life can be achieved. She believed that a man’s or a woman’s superiority is based on knowledge, skill, aptitude, mystical orientation, and chastity, and ignoring these factors causes their inferiority.            Manuscript profile

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57 - Effectiveness of self- compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity
Zahra Dashtbozorgi

The aim of this research was to study the effect of self- compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity in Ahvaz. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group with an half and a mo More

The aim of this research was to study the effect of self- compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity in Ahvaz. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group with an half and a month flow up. The sample included 20 damaged women (10 women in group control and 10 women in group experimental) they were selected by available method. They were requested to answer loneliness scale Dahshiry,Borjali, Shaykh, Habiby,1378) and emotion regulation scale (Garnefski & Karaaij, Spinhoven, 2002). For analyzing the results, we used covariance (MANCOVA). The results of data analysis showed that self- compassion therapy caused the decrease of loneliness and the increase emotion regulation of experimental group of women in comparison to the witness groups and result after one month was permanent (p<0.01) Manuscript profile

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58 - The Study of Comparetive Efficacy of Group Cognitive Therapy Based on Rational Emotive Behavior Technique With Homeopathy Method on Women's Depression Disoreler
فرناز نوابی‌فر اصغر آقایی ویکتوریا عمرانی‌فرد حمید افشار زنجانی پدرام معینی

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obta More

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obtained a score between to on the Beck' s Depression Inventory, and further diagnosed by a psychiatrist assessment to have been suffering from Depression, female patients were selected and assigned to experimental groups randomly. weekly sessions of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behavioral techniques was administered to the experimental group . The subjects of Homeopathy group by kind permission of the psychiatrist were referred to the homeopath and treated by the homeopathic remedies for months ,individually. At the end of interventions, the Beck's Depression Inventory was administered to both experimental groups as post-test for the second time. The measuring instruments were: Psychiatric assessment, Demographic questionnaire and Beck's Depression Inventory. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including: Frequency, Frequency percentage, Covariance and dependent T- test. The results of data analysis revealed that both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of Depression (P ≥ ). No differences among treatment conditions at post-test were observed (P ≥ ). Manuscript profile

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59 - The Effect of ReligiousâBased Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Resiliency in Couples
zeinab kaviani Najmeh Hamid Mirsalahedin Enayati

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of religious–based cognitive–behavioral therapy on resiliency in couples. The research employed a quasi–experimental method with a pretest and posttest design. The population consisted of all married women refe More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of religious–based cognitive–behavioral therapy on resiliency in couples. The research employed a quasi–experimental method with a pretest and posttest design. The population consisted of all married women referred to district 1 counseling center in Karaj city. 30 women with low resiliency were selected by available sampling through Kanner and Davidson resiliency Questionnaire (2003), and randomly assigned to an experimental (15 subjects) and a control group (15 subjects). The experimental group received 10 sessions of religious-based cognitive–behavioral therapy, each forty five minutes which held twice a week. During this period no intervention was given to the control group. Resiliency questionnaire was administered again as the post test. The co-variance analysis revealed that religious-based cognitive–behavioral therapy was significantly related to the increase of resiliency (P < 0.0001). The findings of religious- based cognitive-behavioral therapy can be considered as a significant and effective method in increasing resiliency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - The Effectiveness of Group Logotherapy on the Sense of Loneliness of Elderly Women Resident in Nursing Home
Shayesteh Zanjiran Leila Keyani Maryam Zare Zeynab shayeghian

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the sense of loneliness of elderly women resident in nursing homes. The sample was selected from all elderly women resident in nursing homes in Shahriyar County using convenience sampli More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the sense of loneliness of elderly women resident in nursing homes. The sample was selected from all elderly women resident in nursing homes in Shahriyar County using convenience sampling and then participants were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Then the experimental group received 10 sessions of group logotherapy for 5 weeks (a two-hour session, twice a week) while the control group did not receive any intervention. Our data collection instrument was the Revised Loneliness Scale (Russell et al,1980) and a covariance was used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that group logotherapy significantly decreased the sense of loneliness in experimental group (P < 0/001). Accordingly, we can say that group logotherapy is effective in reducing the sense of loneliness of elderly women and so professionals can apply treatments of this kind to promote mental health of the elderly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Effectiveness of dialectical behavioral group therapy on psychological distress in infertile women in Isfahan
marjan sheikhsajadieh hamid atashpuor

The aim of this study was determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the psychological distress in infertile women in city of Isfahan. The study population included all women referring to Infertility Center of Isfahan. After administering pre-test to More

The aim of this study was determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the psychological distress in infertile women in city of Isfahan. The study population included all women referring to Infertility Center of Isfahan. After administering pre-test to both experimental and control groups by Psychological Distress Inventory questionnaire (Kslrv et al., 2003). The experimental group received 8 weekly sessions of dialectical behavioral group therapy and control group did not received any treatment. Then, post-test was administered by the same instrument to both groups. The data were analyzed by Covariance test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed that the training of dialectical behavior group therapy is effectiveness on psychological distress ininfertile women in Isfahan (P < /span>< 0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - The Effectiveness of Muscular Relaxation on Depression, Anxiety and blood glucose in Type I diabetic women
Farah Naderi

This study aimed to assess the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type I diabetic women. In this study which was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the population was all type I diabetic women which referred to the Dia More

This study aimed to assess the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type I diabetic women. In this study which was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the population was all type I diabetic women which referred to the Diabetes Clinic in Kermanshah. The 24 of patients were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For pre-test the scores of Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger anxiety and HbA1c tests were recorded. Then the experimental group during a nine-week (twice a week) participated in relaxation session and after three month subjects in both groups were post-tested. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Levene Test, analysis of covariance were used. In the post test there was no significant difference in average depression scores of two groups (p= 3.07) but, trait anxiety average, state anxiety average and blood glucose of experimental group were decreased significantly in comparison to pre-test (p= 34.14, p= 11.16, p= 10.8). So, it concluded that relaxation decreases anxiety and helps to better control of blood glucose in type I diabetic women but, this technique which has been used in this study was not effective in reducing depression in these patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotional Eating among Obese Women
لیلی نوریان اصغر آقایی مریم قربانی

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating of obese women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a one month follow up. Through convenience More

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating of obese women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a one month follow up. Through convenience sampling method, 30 women with an obesity diagnosis were selected and then, were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. All participants completed the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire (Forman & Herbert, 2009) before intervention, at the end of the intervention and one month after intervention. The intervention involved 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, each lasting for 90 minutes, which were administered only to the experimental group. Results of covariance analysis showed a significant decrease in the amount of emotional eating in the eating behavior subscale at the post-test, and follow up stages (P < 0.05). In the eating desire subscale, there was a significant difference between the mean of experimental group and control group only in the follow up stage (P < 0.05). The findings of this study confirmed the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating of obese women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - The Effect of Counseling Approach Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Amount of Marital Attributions and Marital Satisfaction in Women Admitted to Isfahan Cultural Centers
raheleh sobouhi maryam fatehizade ahmad ahmadi ozra etemadi

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on amount of marital attributions and marital satisfaction in women. This was a quasi-exrimental study with pretest-posttest design and a contr More

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on amount of marital attributions and marital satisfaction in women. This was a quasi-exrimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group.The population included women admitted to Isfahan cultural centers in 2014 Then, 30 women were selected through available sampling and were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups.Experimental group received counseling based on ACT that involved 10 sessions, lasting 2 hours each. Questionnaire was marital attribution Bradbury & Fincham (1992) and Enrich questionnaire and data were analyzed by covariance test. The results showed that counseling approach based on ACT,on overal marital attribution(P <0/01) and its dimensions suchEvidence of stable and unstable (P <0/01), general and specific attribution (P<0/01) and reprehensible –forgiveness attribution (P<0/01) and the attribution of intentional and unintentional (P<0/01) has been effective but in its internal and external dimensions of attribution, internal and external attribution to the spouseAnd attribution selfish and altruistic is not effective and not cause a significant difference.The counseling approach based on ACT, is significantly affected onmarital satisfactionandits dimensions (satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, distortionideal) (P<0/01). Therefore, the study concluded that counseling aproach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can improve marital attribution and marital satisfaction.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - The Effecttivness of self-compassion on the intimacy attitudes and divorce tendency of Women refering to family counselling
zahra Dasht Bozorgi Mehrana Askary Parviz Askary

The aim of this research was to study the effect of self-compassion on the intimacy attitudes and divorce tendency of women refering to family consoling. This study was quesi experimental with pretest, post test and control group. The sample include 30 Womens (15 Womens More

The aim of this research was to study the effect of self-compassion on the intimacy attitudes and divorce tendency of women refering to family consoling. This study was quesi experimental with pretest, post test and control group. The sample include 30 Womens (15 Womens in group control and 15 Womens in experimental group). They were selected voluntary. They were requested to answer intimacy attitudes scale and divorce tendency questionnaire. For analyzing the results, it was used covariance. The results of data analysis showed that self-compassion caused in increase of intimacy attitudes and deacrease of divorce tendency of experimental group of women in comparison to the witness groups (p< 0/001). Since the divorce rate is increasing in our country, this therapeutic approach can help couples to increase marital adjustment and prevents divorce through various effective solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Predicting Marital Happiness Based on self-compassion and Flourishing in Married women
زهرا شفیعی Rezvavsadat Jazayeri

In this study the role of self-compassion and flourishing as predictors for marital happiness was investigated. For this purpose, 140 married women Isfahan city were selected by available sampling method and and Marital Happiness Scale (Tgryan, 1387), Self-Compassion (N More

In this study the role of self-compassion and flourishing as predictors for marital happiness was investigated. For this purpose, 140 married women Isfahan city were selected by available sampling method and and Marital Happiness Scale (Tgryan, 1387), Self-Compassion (Neff, 2003) and Flourishing (Diener, 2009) responded. Data was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis Results showed that flourishing and self- compassion were capable of predicting the Marital happiness but among the six subscales of self-compassion (self- kindness, self–judgment, common humanity, mindfulness, isolation and over-identification) only variable mindfulness predicted marital happiness. As a result can marital happiness married women based on personality traits (self- compassion and flourishing) they explained (p <0.001). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Effectivness of Acceptane and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital satisfaction on depressive women With marital confilicts
الهام محمدی فرناز کشاورزی ارشدی ولی الله فرزاد مهدیه صالحی

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction among depressive women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi- experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a three-month follow up. For More

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction among depressive women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi- experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a three-month follow up. For this purpose, 40 subjects were selected via purposive sampling from the women who referred to psychological clinics. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Both groups completed ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Olson, 1987) for marital satisfaction and Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1979) for depression before and after the training (10 sessions, 2 hours each) and also 3 months later. Results of covariance analysis showed a significant increase in overall marital satisfaction at the post test and follow up stage (P<0.002). The findings of this study confirmed the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on overall marital satisfaction among depressed women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - The compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and the study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life
لیلا حفاریان اصغر آقایی محمد باقر کجباف منوچهر کامکار

The aim of this research was compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Statistics society of this research selected among all More

The aim of this research was compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Statistics society of this research selected among all divorced women whom referred to the family court in Shiraz city and 24 months before the starting of this research their definite divorce verdict had been issued and also all undivorced women whom lived normally with their husbands. In this regard were selected availably sabject method 65 people among divorced women and also 63 people among undivorced women whom were the same aspects in view of age criteria, level of education and living places. Research tool include questionnaire conclude 26 question about the quality of life which has been provided by world health organization=α) 0.68) and another questionnaire of demographic had been made by researchers herself. Yielded data were analyzed by statistical analysis t and F by using the software SPSS11.5. The results showed that the average grades with all its aspects of quality of life (physical health, psychological cognition, social relation and environment of living) of divorced women are lower than undivorced women meaningly. (P < 0.01).in data analyses of between demographic variables , the variables of divorce causes, number of offspring, extention of a common life and the extention of life have not any meaningful relation with dimensions of quality of life, but in the education variable, and in the age variable (of recognition dimension and social relation), there is meaningful statistical differences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Comparison of Health Promoting Lifestyle of Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Healthy Women and Relationship with Demographic
اسماعیل خیرجو حسن احدی فرهاد جمهری

The main purpose of this research were to study health- promotion lifestyle (HPL) of female rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy women and to determine the relationship between demographic factors (including age, disease duration, income, and educati More

The main purpose of this research were to study health- promotion lifestyle (HPL) of female rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy women and to determine the relationship between demographic factors (including age, disease duration, income, and education) and lifestyles of these patients. With available sampling in 2011(1389s.c) in the city of Tabriz, 105 female rheumatoid arthritis patients and 105 healthy women participated in the research. Research instruments included a researcher made demographic questionnaire and Health Promoting Lifestyles Profile: || (Walker, Sechrist&Pender,1987). The data were analyzed by applying t- test for independent groups and multiple analyses of Variance. The data indicated that the healthy women had higher overall scores on the total HPL and six subscales than rheumatoid arthritis patients. Furthermore, based on t- test result, significant differences were observed between the overall rheumatoid arthritis patients HPL scores and healthy females except in stress management dimension(p < 0.01). According to the results of regression analysis, 0.28 percent of the variance in the patients PHL can be explained by the demographic factor of education. These findings, it may be suggested that professionals encourage rheumatoid arthritis patients to practice in health- promo/ting behaviors with appropriate interventional and education methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - The Effect of Men\'s Emotional Intelligence on Violence against Women among Married Couples
tayebe jafarian mansour fathi malihe arshi ramezanali ghaderi

The purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of men&#39s emotional intelligence on violence against women among married couples in Tabas. The research method was correlational. The population included all married couples who had at least one year of m More

The purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of men&#39s emotional intelligence on violence against women among married couples in Tabas. The research method was correlational. The population included all married couples who had at least one year of marital life in Tabas in 2014. From among them, 230 married couples (230 females and 230 males) were randomly selected via multi-stage cluster sampling from 5 areas of the city. Male partners completed Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Bradberry & Greaves, 2003) and female partners completed Violence against Women Questionnaire (Haj Yahia, 1999). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multi steps regression analysis. The results showed that the components of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management had significant effect on violence against women (P<0.01). Based on these results, men with high emotional intelligence impose less violent against their wives. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - The Effect of Solution-focused Counseling on Sexual Satisfaction and Family Function among Women in Isfahan
vahideh mofid maryam fatehi zadeh ahmad ahmadi ozra etemadi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused counseling on sexual satisfaction and family function of women in Isfahan. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, experimental group and control group design. The populat More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused counseling on sexual satisfaction and family function of women in Isfahan. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, experimental group and control group design. The population included women holding at least a high school diploma about 20-40 years old who referred to counseling centers at least one year after their marriage in 2013. From among them, 30 women were selected randomly and placed in experimental and control group. The research instruments were Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire LSSQ (Larson, 1998) and Family Functioning Scale FFS, (Mark L. Tavithian, 1987). Solution-focused counseling was applied to experimental group through six two-hour sessions. The data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance through SPSS. Results revealed that solution-focused counseling was effective in sexual satisfaction of women and family's function (P<0.01). As a result this method can be used in prevention and improvement of sexual and family problems of women in counseling centers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - The Effect of Emotionally-Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of hurt women from infidelity in Salmas city
Shahriar Fatemi Asl Mahmoud Goudarzi Parviz Karimi Sani AliReza Boostanipour

10.30486/jsrp.2019.665274

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of hurt women from infidelity. It was a semi-experimental in form of pre & post test in addition follow up group was applied. The statistical population inclu More

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of hurt women from infidelity. It was a semi-experimental in form of pre & post test in addition follow up group was applied. The statistical population included all the women who referred to Family Counselling center in Salmas city in related with infidelity. In among of them 20 women who had extra point in Russell’s Loneliness Inventory were selected then they were randomly assigned to control and treatment group. Then treatment group underwent eight sessions (90 minutes) weekly about two months,  instructional program on emotionally focused therapy strategies. For control group didn’t give any train . Results of analysis of covariance showed that There was menacingly difference between two groups(P≤ 05) and The average of treatment group was lower than control group. Results in follow up showed that the effect of emotionally-focused couples therapy remained after two months. It was concluded that emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) can play a significant role in decreasing of hurt women from infidelity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - The Effect of Couple Therapy based on Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) on quality of marital relationship in married women
hossein matin Nasser Yoosefi mahya solgi masoumeh arjmand mazidi

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1908467.2599

This study was conducted aimed at investigating the effect of couple therapy based Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) on quality of marital relationship in married women. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test -post-test with control group). The statistical p More

This study was conducted aimed at investigating the effect of couple therapy based Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) on quality of marital relationship in married women. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test -post-test with control group). The statistical population of this study was married women with marital conflict referring to Hamedan counseling centers in 2018. To select the sample size, 30 women were selected through convenience and purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental (15 member) and control (15 member) groups. the experimental group received treatment for 8 sessions of a 90-minute weekly treatment, and the control group received no intervention during this period. To collect data, the instrument of perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) were employed. The collected data was analyzed using multivariate covariance. Based on the results of multivariable covariance analysis of data, it can be said that Imago Relationship Therapy significantly increases the quality of marital relationship dimensions and all six sub-scales (satisfaction of relationship, trust, commitment, passion and love, intimacy and love) have been made (P<0/05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Group Training on the Psychopathological Symptoms in Fat Women
asghar kamran Mehrdad havazadeh kamal moghtadaei Asieyeh Abrahiemi

10.30486/jsrp.2018.544565

This study intended to investigate the effectiveness of Mmindfulness group training on the psychopathological symptoms in fat women. The researcher employed a semi-experimental method-ology with pre-post-test using available sampling. The participants were 25 fat women More

This study intended to investigate the effectiveness of Mmindfulness group training on the psychopathological symptoms in fat women. The researcher employed a semi-experimental method-ology with pre-post-test using available sampling. The participants were 25 fat women from Isfahan provenience. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.The researcher used(SCL-90)  questionnaire .The results of covariance analysis indicated that mindfulness group training of fat woman was effective on pathological symptoms. Moreover, dimensions on psychopathology showed that the effectiveness of group learning mindfulness on anxiety and obsession was not significantl in post-test. However, it was significant in follow up stage(p<0/05) The effectiveness of group learning on depression and somatization was also meaningful(p<0/05). Key words: group learning, mindfulness, psychopathological symptom, fat women Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - The Coping Styles of Betrayed Women:A Qualitative Study
maryam tavallaei Mohammad Hossein fallah Ronak Ashghi nogorani Seyed Alireza Afshani

10.30486/jsrp.2018.545638

The purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counselin More

The purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counseling centers in late third quarter of 1396 and early four months of 1397 and selected through purposive sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. analysis resulted in 3 main themes of coping styles: inflexible, inactive, active. For each of themes, three subthemes were created including inflexible(anxiety, ruminative and comparative), inactive(avoiding, submitting and distracting) and active(supporting, participatory and agreementory). The results showed that the coping styles do not experience similarly by all betrayed women. Some factors such as how revealing infidelity, the quality of marital relationships, religious beliefs, social and family supports and existence of children had an important effect on coping styles. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Fear of Delivery in Primiparous Women
maryam aminolroayaee Asghar Aghaei

10.30486/jsrp.2018.545637

The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow More

The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow up period. The statistical population of this research was including all of primiparous pregnant women in spring 2017 in Isfahan city (Amin hospital). Of this statistical population, 40 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and placed in two control (20 individuals) and test (20 individuals) groups. The tool used in this research was an Attitude Towards Childbirth Questionnaire (Harmen, 1998. Before performing the interventions, pre-tests were done for both of the groups. After ending the sessions, post-test and one-month follow-up period were done. Results analysis using covariance analysis test showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on fear of childbirth in primiparous women (P<0. 05). Moreover, the results of follow-up period showed that the training of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a lifetime effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of discordant women
maryam akhavan gholami mozhgan hayati

10.30486/jsrp.2019.564265.1265

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of incompatible women. The research design was semi experimental design with pretest-post test with control gro More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of incompatible women. The research design was semi experimental design with pretest-post test with control group. The statistical population were all of women with marital conflict and marital conflicts referred to the Razi Counseling Center of Karaj in the summer of 1396. From this population, 30 subject were selected through available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups (15). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment treatment in eight 90-minute treatment sessions. The instrument of measurement in this study was the Communicational Beliefs Questionnaire (Idlerson and Epstein, 1981) and Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Spinner, 1976). In order to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance was used with SPSS (24). Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the dimensions of communication beliefs (Dissolving Opposition Belief, Invariability in Spouse, Belief in Anticipation of Mind, Belief in Sexual Perfectionism and Belief in Gender Differences) and Marital Satisfaction (Couple Satisfaction, Pair dependence, Pair Agreement, Affection) (p <0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - The Effectiveness of Training Towards Parenting Program on Improvement of Attachment and Perceived Social Support in Primipara Women
sajedeh sokhanvar ali kimiaee zohreh sepehri shamloo

10.30486/jsrp.2020.549203.0

The present study has done to investigate the effictivness of training towards parenting program on improvement of perceived social support and attachment in primipara women at neishabour city. Method of study was semi-experimental that has been conducted with pre-test, More

The present study has done to investigate the effictivness of training towards parenting program on improvement of perceived social support and attachment in primipara women at neishabour city. Method of study was semi-experimental that has been conducted with pre-test, post-test and control group. Population of study concludes all of referring primipara women to healthy centers in 2015 at Neishabour. Sample of study concludes 70 referring primipara women to 6 health centers of Neishabour, among them 16 cases were suitable that arranged in 2 groups of experimental & control (8 for each one) randomly. Examinees responsed to the quessionaries of Social Support (Zimet & et al, 1988) and Attachment Style (Collins & Read, 1990). The Towards Parenting Program was thought in 8 Sessions (1hour 30 minutes). For measurement of social support has used Multidimensional Scale of Percieved Social Support (MSPSS) included 12 questions and for measurement of attachment style has used Collins & Read Attachment Style quessionary included 18 questions. The results indicate that group education of Towards Parenting Program doesn’t have significant effectiveness on improvement of attachment style and social support in primipara women. Because of being educational and few numbers of sessions, Towards Parenting Program cannot lead to improvement of perceived social support and change of avoidant and anxious attachment style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - The effectiveness of Aerobics Exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women
najmeh hamid Mojtaba AHMADI FARSANI leila Bakhsi

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1881226.2113

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed women who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric offices in 2017. Based on clinical interviews, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, obtaining a standard deviation higher than the mean in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), include and exclude criteria were selected. They were matched in terms of age, sex, socioeconomic status, lack of acute physical and psychological diseases, and other variables considered in this study. 30 of them were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instruments used included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Newfoundland Happiness Scale (Monsh), and the Enthusiasm for Communication Scale. The experimental group participated in sports program that included aerobics exercise for 12 weeks, three hours each week, but no intervention was performed on the control group. All subjects completed the pre-test scales of happiness at Newfoundland University and the willing to communicate in the two pre- and post-test stages. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of happiness and willing to communicate (p <0.001). The rate of happiness and willing to communicate significantly increased in experimental group in comparison with pretest and control group. Therefore, it can be said that bodybuilding and aerobics increase happiness and the willing to communicate with depressed women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - The Effectiveness of schema therapy on rumination, loneliness and general health of divorced women
mansooreh nikoogoftar alireza sangani

10.30486/jsrp.2019.570365.1385

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on general health, rumination, and loneliness of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Twelve volunteers who were re More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on general health, rumination, and loneliness of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Twelve volunteers who were referred to counseling centers in Sari, were selected by volunteering method. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and assigned to the social and emotional loneliness scale of adults (2004), the general health questionnaire (1972), the scale Nullen Hoeksma and Marrow (1991) rumbled in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group was trained in ten sessions based on the Young Schematic Protocol, Calcesko and Washir (2003). The results of the findings, using multivariate covariance analysis, showed that schema therapy significantly increased general health and reduced rumination and loneliness of divorced women. Anxiety (P=0.02), disruption in social function (P=0.001), depression (P=0.039), rumination responses (P=0/000), distracting responses (P=0/000), romantic loneliness (P=0,000), family loneliness (P=0,035) and social loneliness (P=0.007) in the experimental group receiving the intervention were different from that of the control group. It is recommended that Advisers and therapist’s use of schema therapy rules to rehabilitate women after divorce in order to increase general health, reduce rumination and facilitate social relationships. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - The Effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan
mansooreh shamsi Hossein Molavi

10.30486/jsrp.2020.555651.1043

The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan. The research design was semi-experimental resea More

The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan. The research design was semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test and control group. Statistical publication also included all of overweight women in city of Isfahan in spring 2017, that were identified by use BMI index above 25. For doing research, 30 of these women were selected by random sampling and were assigned randomly in experimental and control group (15 each), and experimental group treated by MBCT program. In pre-test and post-test stages, Satisfaction work life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) (Cash, Winstead & Janda, 1986), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were used. The data was analyzed by Covariance analysis. Results showed that Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) had a significant effects to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan in experimental group (p < 0.01). Manuscript profile

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82 - Comparison of the effectiveness of the native domestic compassion focused therapy package with Gilbert compassion focused therapy on mental health and psychological capital of employed women
Ziba Amani Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Alireza Maredpour

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1923302.2861

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of indigenous compassion therapy package with Gilbert compassion therapy on mental health and psychological capital of working women in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test des More

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of indigenous compassion therapy package with Gilbert compassion therapy on mental health and psychological capital of working women in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all working women in the age group of 25 to 45 years in Isfahan in 2019. The sample size included 45 people, of which 15 women were placed in the first experimental group, 15 women in the second experimental group, and 15 women in the control group and were selected by purposive sampling. Indigenous compassion therapy and Gilbert compassion therapy were performed for women in two experimental groups (in 8 sessions). Measurement tools included the GHQ Goldberg Questionnaire (1972) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio (2007). Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the effect of education based on indigenous compassion therapy package and Gilbert compassion training on mental health and psychological capital. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test of mental health and psychological capital of women in the experimental and control groups. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up test of mental health and psychological capital of working women. Manuscript profile

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83 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based-Mindfulness on Marital Satisfaction and Psychological Symptoms Women Married
kamran yazdanbakhsh narges mohammad najjar ali ahmadian Zahra Ghasemlo Nasab Ziba Arhami Isaloo

10.30486/jsrp.2020.581515.1621

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based-mindfulness on marital satisfaction and psychological symptoms among married women. The study was of a semi-experimental type with pre-test post-test with control group. The pop More

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based-mindfulness on marital satisfaction and psychological symptoms among married women. The study was of a semi-experimental type with pre-test post-test with control group. The population of the study of married women admitted to the clinic in district 2 in Tehran City, Iran in year 2019,  and 30 of them  were selected using convenient sampling method and placed in two groups of 15 subjects each (experimental and control). Research instruments included Syndrome Checklist Psychological (Derogatis, Lipman & Covi, 1973) and Marital Satisfaction (Enrich, 1983) Questionnaires. The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training and each session took one hour and half. After that, post-test was conducted. In order to analyze data,  multivariate covariance analysis was used. The obtained results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was effective and significant in decreasing the score of psychological symptoms (Somatization, Depression & Anxiety) and increasing the marital satisfaction among subjects in experimental group (P≤0.001). on the basis of results, it could be said that Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could have a positive impact on psychological symptoms women (Somatization, depression and anxiety) and marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Effectiveness of Multidimensional Spiritual Therapy with a Focus on Weight Loss and its effect on Emotional Stability, Self-Control, and Body Mass Index in Overweight Women
mina shamsolahrari shahnaz nouhi ahmad alipor

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1901566.2465

The aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect  on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-t More

The aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect  on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all obese and overweight women referred to the Counseling and Psychology Clinic in District 3 of Tehran in 1398, and among them, 30 people were selected using the available sampling and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. . The Cattle Questionnaire (1973) was then completed by both groups, and both height and weight were measured. After that, a multidimensional spiritual therapy program with a focus on weight loss was implemented on the experimental group. The post-test was then performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and covariance analysis method. The findings showed that multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss increased emotional stability and self-control, and decreased body mass index (P = 0.001). Therefore, it can be said that teaching weight loss methods, if accompanied by the element of spirituality, can both affect weight loss and affect the regulation of emotions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - The Effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the Emotional Abuse of Married Women
saeedeh mehrabi sahar khanjaniveshki

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1889675.2227

This study was carried out to purpose the effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the emotional abuse of married women in the city of Aligudarz. The research method was quasi‑experimental with a pretest–posttest and control group design.The study population inc More

This study was carried out to purpose the effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the emotional abuse of married women in the city of Aligudarz. The research method was quasi‑experimental with a pretest–posttest and control group design.The study population included all married women visiting consultation centers in the city of Aligudarz during year 2019. The sampling method was nonrandom voluntary sampling used to select 30 participants who were then randomly divided in to experiment and control groups (15 individuals each). The research tool was the emotional abuse questionnaire (barahimi, 2008). The experiment group participated in 8 sessions of bowen's family therapy, each lasting 90 min. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) method was used to analyze the data via SPSS24. The result showed that Bowen's Family Therapy has been effective on the reducing emotional abuse women (P < 0/05). Also, Bowen's Family Therapy has been effective on the dimensions of emotional abuse women (verbal abuse, negligence, domination and social constraint) (P < 0/05). Therefore, this therapy can be used as a suitable method to reduce women's emotional abuse and solve marital problems in counseling centers. Manuscript profile

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86 - The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on Emotional Regulation and Distress Tolerance of addicted women leaving: The mediating role of Mindfulness, Effective Communication and Emotional Cognitive Regulation Strategies
sohela esnaasharan Fariba Yazdkhasti Himidreza Orayzi

10.30486/jsrp.2019.569930.1371

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strate More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all addicted women leaving in Isfahan city. The sample consisted of 60 women prisoners leaving drugs who were selected based on available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Measurement tools included the Negative Mood Regulation Questionnaire (Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005) and the Researcher Made Behavioral-Emotional Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance. Findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy has led to increased emotion regulation skills and tolerance of anxiety in the experimental group (P <0.001), and the effect of this treatment remains until the quarterly follow-up. Also, the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies in post-test was statistically significant (P <0.05). Manuscript profile

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87 - Predicting the quality of the relationship with the spouse family based on marital intimacy and main family health
Nafiseh Mostafaei Javad Khodadadi Shahriar Dargahi Dariush Azimi

10.30486/jsrp.2019.1864636.1752

The necessity of identifying the factors affecting the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family has always been of interest to the family's specialists. The present study was designed to predict the role of quality of relationship based on marital intimacy a More

The necessity of identifying the factors affecting the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family has always been of interest to the family's specialists. The present study was designed to predict the role of quality of relationship based on marital intimacy and main family health. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consisted of married women and men in Tehran during the period of  2016-17, 250 of them were selected by sampling method. Data were collected using Marital Intimacy questionnaire (Walker & Thompson, 1983) The Health of The Main Family (Yeshtat and others, 1985), the Relationship With The Wife's Family (Cheraghi, 1393), were collected. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and inter regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the family's main health and marital intimacy with the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family(P<0/01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that marital intimacy and family health can explain 26% of the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family. in forming the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family, marital intimacy, and the family's primary health, plays a very important role. Therefore, the need for more attention to these factors in the consolidation of the family is fundamental. Manuscript profile

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88 - The structural equations modeling of post-traumatic stress disorder based on Stockholm syndrome with the mediating role of coping strategies in battered women
Elyaz Bornak Afsaneh Ghanbari Panah fariba Hassani Rana Mohammadzadeh Esmaeili

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1906442.2553

The aim of this study was to find the effect of Stockholm syndrome on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with mediation of coping strategies in battered women. Samples were collected from all married women within age range between 18 to 60 years and victims of domest More

The aim of this study was to find the effect of Stockholm syndrome on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with mediation of coping strategies in battered women. Samples were collected from all married women within age range between 18 to 60 years and victims of domestic violence who have referred to Health Centers, Social Emergency, Public Family Court-Bench 1 and number of Psychology and Counseling Centers of Tehran Province to fill in the questionnaires. Accessible sampling method was used in this research work. The research tools consisted of: Stockholm Syndrome Scale (Graham et al. 1995), Civilian Mississippi Scale Test for PTSD (Keane et al. 1987), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler and Parker, 1990) and questionnaire of domestic violence against women (Tabrizi et al. 2012). A structural equation modeling has been used in the present research in order to analyze data. The results showed that Stockholm syndrome directly affects PTSD in battered women. The results also showed that there is a significant indirect effect between Stockholm syndrome and PTSD mediated by coping methods in battered women. Finally, findings revealed that there is an indirectly meaningful relationship between “Stockholm syndrome and PTSD” with mediation of coping mechanisms in battered women. Manuscript profile

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89 - A Phenomenology Study: Identifying of experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions in 22-57 years old women victims of infidelity.
maryam tavallaei mohamadhosan fallah Ronak Eshghi Seyed Alireza Afshani

10.30486/jsrp.2019.1866446.1805

The purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between More

The purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old from Isfahan in 1397 who were selected through purposive or judgmental sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using  Collaizi method. The data analysis resulted in 2 main themes: psychosomatic reactions and physical reactions; for each of them, more subthemes were found. Psychosomatic reactions including: body fitness problems, nutrition problems, respiratory problems, cordial problems, muscular problems, sleep problems, nervous problems, anxiety reactions, digestive problems, and blood pressure problems; and physical reactions including: physical problems and somatization. The results of this study showed that infidelity was not experienced similarly by all women victims. Different perceptions of infidelity have various effects on victim women and they have different experiences and reactions. Regarding the fact that the findings of the study have been elicited through interview and the cultural context of the society, it may be helpful for the experts to know the victim women experiences and provide useful psychological services to such women. Manuscript profile

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90 - prediction of marital adjustment based on the marital gratitude and humility perception among married women of Ahvaz city
Sayed Sajad Mohammadi Shykhshabani Abbas Amanelahi khadijeh Shiralinia

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1874195.1962

The aim of this study was to predict marital adjustment based on the marital gratitude component (felt gratitude and express gratitude) and humility perceptions component (global humility, superiority and accurate view of self)  among married women in Ahvaz city. T More

The aim of this study was to predict marital adjustment based on the marital gratitude component (felt gratitude and express gratitude) and humility perceptions component (global humility, superiority and accurate view of self)  among married women in Ahvaz city. The present research method was correlational and predictive. The statistical population of this study was ordinary married women and divorce applicants in Ahvaz in 1396. Among ordinary women, 100 were selected by available sampling method and 100 divorced women were selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments for data gathering included Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), gratitude state (Mitchell, 2010) and relational humility scale (Davis, et al…, 2011). For the analysis of the data, discriminant analysis method was used. Results showed that felt gratitude, superiority, felt gratitude, express gratitude, global humility, superiority and accurate view of self were significant prediction for marital adjustment of  married women. ( p< 0/001). Accordin to this finding felt gratitude, superiority, felt gratitude, express gratitude, global humility, superiority and accurate view of self has an important role in marital adjustment. ( p< 0/001) Manuscript profile

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91 - The effect of TRX training on nitric oxide and homocysteine levels as indicators of vascular endothelial and inflammation in inactive obese women
shima Ghardashkgani gerde Abdolali Banaeifar saeid sedaghati yaser kazemzadeh keyvan molanorouzi

Introduction & Objective:  Recent studies suggest that obesity plays an effective role in the occurrence of inflammation; on the other hand, inflammation can affect on function of vascular endothelium. High levels of homocysteine can lead to inflammation and More

Introduction & Objective:  Recent studies suggest that obesity plays an effective role in the occurrence of inflammation; on the other hand, inflammation can affect on function of vascular endothelium. High levels of homocysteine can lead to inflammation and vascular endothelium damage. Nitric oxide is also considered as one of the influencing factors on endothelial function. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of TRX training on the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and nitric oxide (NO) in inactive obese women. Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 obese women with a mean age of 44.34 ±0.82 years were randomly divided into TRX (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The experimental group program consisted of TRX training for eight weeks and three days a week for 50-60 minutes. Serum levels of homocysteine, nitric oxide were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to examine the differences between groups and within-group changes. Result:After eight weeks of TRX training, comparison results within and between groups are displayed that the mean homocysteine index in the exercise group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.01). Also, exercise led to an increase in nitric oxide levels in obese women, although this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it seems that doing TRX training can be effective as an exercise method in reducing inflammation and improving endothelial function in obese women. Manuscript profile

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92 - Effects of exercise intervention to improve body composition and chemerin in middle-aged overweight women
Mohsen Salesi Shakiba Gani

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93 - Effects of different modes of training on ghrelin concentration in normal-weight middle-age women
Mohsen Salesi Faegheh Dehganipour

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94 - The effect of eight-week Pilates exercise on the thyroid function in sedentary women
Mohammad Reza Mehravar

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95 - The Effect of 8-week Resistance Training on Preptin, Irisin and Insulin Resistance in Obese Women
Elham Zaeimifard Sajad Arshadi Abdol Ali Banaeifar Shahram Soheili

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96 - Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in postmenopausal women with breast cancer following aerobic exercise
Mehrzad Moghadasi Reza Nouri Laleh Karami Bonari Shima Gholamalishahi Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh Mahani

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97 - The effect of an eight-week Pilates exercise regimen on stress management and cortisol levels in sedentary women
Hamideh Ahmadi Mohammad Reza Mehravar

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98 - The Effect of 12-weeks Selected Physical Exercise Alone or Combined with Omega-3 Supplement on Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Young Non-Athlete Women
Eskandar Rahimi Somayeh Saffari Sarah Hojjati Salman Vojdani Mehdi Noura

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99 - Lived Experiences Of Married Women In The Early Marriage Problems
Ali Imanzadeh Saryeh Alipour

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of married women problems of early marriage to determine its difficulties and problems. This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach, using phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 18 ea More

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of married women problems of early marriage to determine its difficulties and problems. This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach, using phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 18 early married women who were selected by the purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed based on Strabert and Carpenter method. The results obtained from married women lived experiences problems of early marriage included 5 main themes "the causes of early marriage", "personal effects", "educational and cultural effects", "physical disorders", "psychological and social effects" and several sub-themes The  sub-themes such as a low economy, parents addiction, single-parent or foster parent, forcing , tribal culture and traditional beliefs, divorce, lack of responsibility skills, economical dependence, low education, lack of access to modern media, women's health, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, extreme fatigue, depression, social isolation and social disorders were extracted and inferred from the main themes.   Manuscript profile

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100 - Barriers to Baluch Women's Participation in Economic and Social Activities
Majid Karimzadeh Mehrnaz Fayazi Faezeh Mirkazehi

This study aimed to investigate the barriers to Baluch women's participation in economic and social activities in Sistan and Baluchistan Province through using the descriptive - survey method. According to official data, rate of economic and social participation of wome More

This study aimed to investigate the barriers to Baluch women's participation in economic and social activities in Sistan and Baluchistan Province through using the descriptive - survey method. According to official data, rate of economic and social participation of women in Sistan and Baluchestan province is less than other provinces. Therefore, the sample of the study consisted of 210 social Baluch women activist who have been selected by simple random sampling.  A questionnaire developed by the researcher was used for data collection procedure, and for data analysis Student t-test, Friedman test, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation were applied. The results indicated that the cultural structure, social structure, economic barriers, legal barriers and educational obstacles were influential in low participation of Baluch women. According to the respondents, economic barriers and social structure had the greatest effect on the participation of Baluch women in economic and social activities and educational obstacles had the least effect. Manuscript profile

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101 - The Efficacy Of Educational Intervention Based On Health Belief And Self-Efficacy Model On Psychological And Physical Health Promotion Behaviors In Menopausal Women
Maryam Behnam moradi hasan Ahadi mohammad reza Seirafi

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model and self-efficacy on psychological and physical health promotion behaviors of menopausal women working in Tehran's nongovernmental schools in 1396. The More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model and self-efficacy on psychological and physical health promotion behaviors of menopausal women working in Tehran's nongovernmental schools in 1396. The statistical population consisted of all girls' non-governmental schools in Tehran. Among them, 60 menopausal women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly were assigned in two experimental and control groups (each group 30). The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Data were collected by Walker Standard Questionnaire (2014). The experimental group was trained in 6 sessions of 2 hours each on health promoting behaviors. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that education was effective in improving the health promotion behaviors in experimental group and there was a significant difference between the menopausal women of the two groups (P <0.01). Manuscript profile

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102 - The Effects of Micro Credit Accounts Of Rural Women
Masoud Samian Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani Khalil Mirzaei Marjan Ebrahimi Mino Azizi

This study was intended to investigate the economic, social and cultural effects of rural women’s micro credits accounts in Hamedan Province. The study was designed as a survey research which was conducted in second half of 2013. The population of this study were More

This study was intended to investigate the economic, social and cultural effects of rural women’s micro credits accounts in Hamedan Province. The study was designed as a survey research which was conducted in second half of 2013. The population of this study were the rural women enrolled in such micro credits accounts in Karim Abad and Parluk villages in Saleh Abad County in Hamedan Province which was investigated and analyzed as a total population sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection, but interview, observation and field study were also implemented. The face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were examined which were quite acceptable. To analyze data, factor analysis was utilized to find the key factors which was conducted by SPSS software. The results showed that there were five main key factors affecting the micro credit accounts of rural women which were presented based on the following  variances value: economic and motivation issues (16.051), lack of social damages (14.701), satisfaction (14.545), occupation empowering (9.057) and investment development (7.307). Manuscript profile

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103 - The Moderating Role of Social Approval Perception on the Relationship between the Intention to Sexual Harassment and Sexual Harassment towards Women in the Workplace
Monireh Sadat Hosseini Ali Mehdad Majid Saffarinia

The aim of this research was investigating the moderating role of social approval perception on relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment towards women in workplace.  The research statistical population included all bank offices, sto More

The aim of this research was investigating the moderating role of social approval perception on relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment towards women in workplace.  The research statistical population included all bank offices, stock exchange, and insurance agencies male employee in Tehran city.  The sample consisted 273 individuals whom were selected based on convenience sampling procedure among the population. The research was applied one concerning the object and correlational descriptive with respect to method. The data collected via the implementation of Fitzgerald & et al. Sexual Harassment of Women (1995), Hosseini, Mehdad & Saffarinia Intention to Sexual Harassment (2022) and Hosseini, Mehdad & Saffarinia Social Approval Perception (2022) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). The finding showed that there was a significant positive relationship between intention to sexual harassment with sexual harassment of women (p≤0.05). Moreover, social approval perception could significantly moderate the relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment of women (p≤0.05). In other words, in men with low social approval perception, the intention to sexual harassment did not lead to sexual harassment of women, but in men with high social approval perception, the intention to sexual harassment led to sexual harassment of women. With considering the moderating role of social approval perception in relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment of women, to prevent sexual harassment of women at workplace, there is a need for cooperation of the organization’ members in recognizing sexual harassment of women, intolerance with its occurrence, as well as organizational intervention policies to deal with the transformation of intention in to behavior. Manuscript profile

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104 - The Validity، Reliability and Factor Structure of the Short Version of Attitude toward Women Scale
Negar Sadeghi Negar Sadeghi Alireza Moradi Shahram Mohammadkhani

The aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 fem More

The aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 females, 100males)that was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The validity of the scale was assessed by Explanatory factor analysis and convergent validity. Explanatory Factor analyses indicated one factor model. Moreover, convergent validity of the AWS with the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was satisfactory .also The Cronbach’s alpha(0/60) and item-rest correlations indicated that reliability of the scale was satisfactory. According to these results, The Persian short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) may be a useful tool in assessing gender role attitudes and can be used gender studies in Iran. Manuscript profile

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105 - Comparison of Personality Traits and Stress Coping Styles Among Woman Supported By Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (Ra) and Ordinary Women
Somayeh Mohit Parviz Askary

The aim of this study was to compare personality traits and stress coping styles among woman who were supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) and ordinary women. This study was a causal-comparative study. The sample subsumed 270 (135 divorced and 135 ordinary w More

The aim of this study was to compare personality traits and stress coping styles among woman who were supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) and ordinary women. This study was a causal-comparative study. The sample subsumed 270 (135 divorced and 135 ordinary women) women and normal women whom were selected through simple random sampling .The research instruments included NEO Personality TraitsQuestionnaires (1985) and Flkmn Lazarus Coping Styles Scale (1985) .The data was analyzed   by using multivariate analyzes of variance (MANOVA). Both groups answered to the questionnaires. The results showed that there were significant differences between personality traits (Extroversion, Neuroticism, Flexibility, Pleasure, Conscientiousness) and coping styles (Excitement oriented and Problem oriented) in divorced women under the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee coverage and the normal women. In other words, the mean of divorced women in comparison with normal women had a lower mean in terms of extraversion, flexibility and pleasantness and conscientiousness. In contrast, the mean of neuroticism had a higher score and in terms of coping style, normal women were more likely to have more excitement-oriented coping styles. Manuscript profile

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106 - Identifying The Factors Affecting The Balance Between Work And Life In Employed Women
Marzie Davoodi Morad Shamsi

The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on the balance between work and life in employed women. The method of this research was descriptive-analytic, based on library information study. By studying previous research, sources and existing texts th More

The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on the balance between work and life in employed women. The method of this research was descriptive-analytic, based on library information study. By studying previous research, sources and existing texts the factors that had an important role in determining the balance between work and life in employed women were identified. The concepts of work and family had the strongest link with the individual and the community, so that the balance between them considered as an important one. If the relationship between work and family life was not managed, the conflict between them would lead to irreparable losses for the individual, organization and society. The results indicated that family support, organizational support, job satisfaction, job motivation, work flexibility, individual resources and quality of life were as factors affecting the balance or imbalance between work and life of working women in the community. Manuscript profile

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107 - The Effectiveness of Spirituality Training on Resilience, Self-esteem and Self-reliance in the Family Caretaker divorced women
Reza Soltani Jalal Vahhabie Shahnaz Khaleghipour

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spirituality training on resilience, self-esteem and Self-reliance in the in the family caretaker divorced women who was covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. 30 women were randomly selected among More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spirituality training on resilience, self-esteem and Self-reliance in the in the family caretaker divorced women who was covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. 30 women were randomly selected among the population via simple sampling method. They were assigned in two experimental and control groups 15 each. The research design was semi-experimental, Pre-test and post-test were conducted on the participants. The instruments used in the research study were Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (1965) and a Self-reliance Questionnaire adapted based on the value system proposed by Schwartz (2004. The experimental group was exposed to eight ninety-minute sessions of spirituality instruction. Control group received none. Data were analyzed by using multivariate covariance analysis. The results of data analysis showed that spirituality training program had influenced resilience, self-esteem and self-reliance of women who were family caretakers and this effect for each of the variables of the study was significant.  Manuscript profile

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108 - The Study of the Most Important Barriers Affecting The Employment Of Rural
Mahmoud Akharti Elahe Ahangri Mohammad Tahan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected us More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected using simple sampling method. The research design was comparative descriptive. The data were collected by implementing a researcher-initiated questionnaire for measuring the barriers of women's employment. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between employed and housewives in social and cultural barriers (P = 0.003), educational management barriers (P = 0.048) and technical barriers (P = 0.001), but there was no any significant difference in economic barriers (P = 0.999), psychological barriers (P = 0.440) and policy barriers (P = 0.084). Manuscript profile

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109 - Qualitative Investigating Of Effective Factors on Adjustment during Post-Divorce Situation among Divorced Women (Phenomenological Study)
Masome Esmaeili Mina AkhondiDarzi Somayeh Kazemain

This qualitative study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting adjustment during post-divorce period. Statistical population of this study included those women who spent more than 3 years after divorce. Among them, purposive sampling was processed till the sa More

This qualitative study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting adjustment during post-divorce period. Statistical population of this study included those women who spent more than 3 years after divorce. Among them, purposive sampling was processed till the saturated conditions (15 adjusted women and 15 unadjusted women). The research implemented a semi-structured interview for gathering necessary information. After analyzing the content of interviews and final coding, two main indicators were extracted: internal and external factors affecting the adjustment with post-divorce conditions, and internal and external factors affecting incompatibility with post-divorce conditions. Result showed that internal factors included relying on self-ability, being aware of self-worth, hardiness and resilience, positive thinking, solving unfavorable past and focusing on favorable present and future making, doing favorite activities, believe in being and supporting a superior existence, mental wealth, efforts to improve the financial condition and having the life skills. External factors included presence and consent of the presence of child, wise use of available support resources and wise use of organizational support resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - Effectiveness Of Emotions-oriented Therapy on Subjective Well-Being and Socio-Personal Adjustment in Divorced Women
Shima Nasri Keywan Kakabraei Mohammad Sharifi

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by More

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by convince sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Emotion-focused therapy was performed for 9 sessions of 45 minutes each on the experimental group and control subjects were placed on the waiting list. The research tools were California Social Adjustment (1953) and Life Satisfaction Scale (1985). Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotional therapy was effective on mental well-being and individual socio-personal adjustment. The exerted procedure led to increased satisfaction with life, individual adaptability and social adjustment in the experimental group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Globalization of Culture and Traditional Clothing of Ethnic Identities With Emphasis On Survival Of Kurdish Women's Clothing In West Of Iran
Shima Karimpour Marzieh Piravivanak

The purpose of this study was to describe the authenticity of the women's clothing industry, identifying the identity of the traditional garment, and, consequently, the process of globalization as one of the main reasons for identity stripping, to be explained by its im More

The purpose of this study was to describe the authenticity of the women's clothing industry, identifying the identity of the traditional garment, and, consequently, the process of globalization as one of the main reasons for identity stripping, to be explained by its impact on the design of a new traditional garment. The research population was the Kurdish women, relying on objective evidence of the Kurdish women dressing in western Iran and at the same time observing the Kurdish women clothes living in Western countries through internet and virtual networks. In the present paper, the method of descriptive-analytical research  was used and  the data was collected from library, online and field observation with data gathering tools such as index cards and computers and finally the traditional Kurdish women's clothing of western Iran was compared with traditional Kurdish women's clothing in Non-Iranian societies. After identifying one of the main causes of the change in these traditional garments in other countries, the modified structure of Kurdish women's clothing was described and the reasons for maintaining original structure in western Iran was investigated. Finally, the results showed that traditional Kurdish women's clothing in the countries containing the ethnic population of these people, influenced by the cultural effects of globalization in the design of fashion and clothing, has a minimalistic (minimal) structure and the components and indications that are the main factor Identity to this garment has been simplified or lost, and in different parts of it, aesthetic values have been overcome by beliefs and functions. Meanwhile, the causes of the survival of this garment in its original structure in western Iran can be attributed to the efficient planning of the state in preserving ethnic identities, the persistence of the Iranian Kurds and their ethnic traditions, even the most superficial cultural expressions, and ultimately their own characteristics In line with the Islamic culture's clothing of Islamic culture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Model Designing of Determining Factors Affecting Violence Against Women
Mehran Sohrabzade Zahra Nouri

The purpose of this study was to identify determining factors on violence against women and designing a comprehensive model of the domestic violence influential factors against women. Statistical population was the research articles that published by valid scientific so More

The purpose of this study was to identify determining factors on violence against women and designing a comprehensive model of the domestic violence influential factors against women. Statistical population was the research articles that published by valid scientific sociology and psychology journals about violence against women, during two decades between 1378 to 1398. Thirty-five standard studies were selected as the research sample after ranking the articles then were reviewed. The research design was a qualitative and meta-synthesis. After extracting the effective factors on violence against women, the results indicated that 64 determining factors affecting violence against women were identified, then verified by professionals in women and family affairs. Ultimately the factors were approved and classified in 8 categories. As conclusion the study explained the 8 factors as medical, family, personal, psychological, social, cultural and juridical and their extensions, as determining factors in violence against women, then introduced these factors as a inclusive model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - The Role and Position Of Palestinian Women In The Poem Of Haroon Hashem Rashid (Case Study of Diwan Wardeh Ala Jabin Al-Quds)
Ali Khezri Simin Zeyaei

     The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of Palestinian women in the poet of Haroon Hashem Rashid. Regarding the important role of women in the fight scene, in this research it was attempted to examine the most importan More

     The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of Palestinian women in the poet of Haroon Hashem Rashid. Regarding the important role of women in the fight scene, in this research it was attempted to examine the most important aspects of women's persistence in the book of ' Wardeh Ala al-Jabin Al-Quds'. Haroon Hashem is a Palestinian poet who has paid special attention to presence of women and their perseverance in the path of resistance. The research method was descriptive-analytic and it was developed by reviewing. The results of this study, based on examination of available documents, showed that Haroon Hashem rarely expresses romantic feelings and emotions of women and their apparent beauty and most of his poetry themes were description of debasement rejection, responsibility and patience of Palestinian women. He believes that Palestinian women are symbol of patience and endurance and they never give up, and in the absence of their spouse, they bear the responsibility of growing up and educating their children to give an ideal generation to their community. Therefore, poet with true emotions kept his poetry away from material aspect and brough his poetic language closer to the virtuous poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - The Effectiveness of Group Logo-Therapy on the Sense of Loneliness and Death Anxiety in Elderly Women
Vahid Mostafapour abdollah motamedi Hossein Farrokhi

The current research was conducted with the goal of examining the effectiveness of group logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety of elderly women in Birjand. The statistical population included all elderly women in birjand city in 2017. 30 of them were More

The current research was conducted with the goal of examining the effectiveness of group logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety of elderly women in Birjand. The statistical population included all elderly women in birjand city in 2017. 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and control, 15 individuals each. The research method was a quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. To collect data the UCLA loneliness Scale and Collett-Lester (1969) Death Anxiety Scale were utilized.  The elderly of the experimental group received Anderson (2007), Blair (2004) and Hutzel (2002) for 8 sessions of 90-minutes intervention. The gathered data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance MANCOVA. The result showed the effectiveness of logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - Characterization of Women in “Herus” Novel
Monireh Heydari Hossein Parsaei Hesam Ziaee

The purpose of this study was to review the characterizations of women in “Herus” novels. Choosing the right characters, with their unique traits and abilities, is one of the most important storytelling techniques. The characters in the novel or the story ar More

The purpose of this study was to review the characterizations of women in “Herus” novels. Choosing the right characters, with their unique traits and abilities, is one of the most important storytelling techniques. The characters in the novel or the story are the people who play a role in their actions and speech. This paper, in a descriptive-analytic way, examined the personalities and characterizations of women in the “Herus” novel of Nasim Marashi, in their various dimensions. In this story, Marashi narrated the fate of a war-torn family over a long period of time (from the beginning of the war and after) using multiple narrative spaces. The results suggested that the mental space reflected the characters and the pain they felt in their minds and hearts through the irreparable damage of war. Most female characters in this story were dynamic because during the events of war, life's hopes and excitement, and the energies of constructive and creativity, lost their color in the characters, and caused changes in them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - The Review of Association Of Ethical Climate With Business Performance Of Women: Mediating Role Of Ethical Behavior
Parvaneh Gelard Maryam Hosseiny Amer Dehghan Najmabadi

One of the effective factors in the women's business is the ethical climate. The studies indicated that the female entrepreneurs was attracted towards moral issues in their own organizations. Regarding the importance of ethics in the women's business success, this study More

One of the effective factors in the women's business is the ethical climate. The studies indicated that the female entrepreneurs was attracted towards moral issues in their own organizations. Regarding the importance of ethics in the women's business success, this study investigated the association of the ethical climate with the women's business performance and ethical behavior as a mediator. The statistical population of the study included 148 Iranian female business owners who attended the 13th Women's Entrepreneurship Development Conference. Using Cochran's formulas and simple random sampling, the sample size consisted 106 women from the above mentioned participants. The data was collected by implementing Cullen Ethical Climate Questionnaire (1988), Gorgievski Women's Business Performance Questionnaire (2011) and Baker, Hunt & Andrews Ethical Behavior questionnaire (2006). The data analysis was conducted by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares and the PLS Smart statistical software. The findings showed that there was a positive, significant association between the ethical climate and the business performance of women. There were significant relationships between the altruistic, independent, normative and juridical climates and the business performance of Iranian women. While there was not any association between legal and instrumental climates and the business performance of women. Finally, the Ethical Climate had a significant relationship with the performance of the women's businesses through the mediator of ethical behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Development Affecting Factors and Inhibitors on Rural Women Entrepreneurship
Bahman Khosravipour Nadia Ani Abdolazim Ajili Abbas Abdeshahi

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development and barriers to entrepreneurship of rural women in Kermanshah. The study sample was women from Siah Bid, Gakieh, Karnachi and Ghazanchi villages in the central part of Kermanshah city who were s More

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development and barriers to entrepreneurship of rural women in Kermanshah. The study sample was women from Siah Bid, Gakieh, Karnachi and Ghazanchi villages in the central part of Kermanshah city who were selected and participated in the interview. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Library method and interview with participants were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed by analytical method. The results showed that the effective factors in entrepreneurship development included initiative, activism, identifying opportunities, perseverance, effort and overcoming obstacles and individual competencies of women, which meant that the entrepreneur worked without the demand or request of others. Entrepreneurship has also been found to be an economic activity that required a constant search for new and innovative ideas and dependent profitability potential. Barriers to rural women entrepreneurship were reported as socio-cultural barriers, supportive-economic barriers and managerial barriers, respectively. Research has also revraled the role of women entrepreneurs in economic health and socialization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - Investigating the Historical Role of Militant Women in Establishing Divine Governance
Maliheh Asghari

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of militant women during the history of mankind for the establishment and stewardship of divine rule. The study population in the present study was the mujahid women in establishing the divine sovereignty in history. More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of militant women during the history of mankind for the establishment and stewardship of divine rule. The study population in the present study was the mujahid women in establishing the divine sovereignty in history. Some of the mujahid women who were martyred on this sacred route were sampled in the study. The present research was a descriptive study of historical analysis. The method of collecting data was a library information using historical sources. The study considered several era before Islam and the early Islamic era, the Karbala incident, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the sacred defense, the present time and the Age of Advent. Finally, by presenting a practical model for the Muslim community, the role of women in various dimensions was discussed in order to fulfill the Islamic ideal and the foundation of the rule of Mahdavi's justice. The results showed that throughout human life, women have always been openly and secretly active to pursuit the victory of the right against falsehood and the establishment of divine sovereignty, and devoted with their lives, time, talents and their right oriented thinking. Many of them had been martyred. As the activities of the mojahed women have played an important role in shaping human history, the comparative study of the lifestyle of the mojahed women in this age could also respond to many of the current cultural challenges by providing operational models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - The Requirements of Gown Design for Muslim Women Violinists
Pariya Manzoori Zahra Ahmadi

The purpose of this study was therefore to identify: a)Iran's mandatory regulations for female violinists’ dress; b) the selection criteria for violinists' gown; and finally, c) the extent to which the gown, designed to that effect, being accepted by female violin More

The purpose of this study was therefore to identify: a)Iran's mandatory regulations for female violinists’ dress; b) the selection criteria for violinists' gown; and finally, c) the extent to which the gown, designed to that effect, being accepted by female violinists and the audience. Then this research and design endeavor aim at reaching the requirements of gown design for Muslimwomen violinists. Due to delicate or latent requirements, the design or procurement of occupational cloth -i.e. gown for female violinists- has always been one of the most challenging assignments for designers and textile experts. Following the administration of a survey questionnaire, using 55 female violinists who were selected in purposeful sampling method and a semi-structured interview session was also managed with inviting 15 of them. A descriptive-analytic method was used to analyze the data. Based on the created insights, design criteria were developed and fabrication constraints were considered. Concepts were developed by the lead author and later presented to the violinists and a group of invited people as audience. The results provided full support for aims of the research. It was showed that women violinist has considered the exact criteria such as visual differentiation, formality and comfort of clothing.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - Representation of Women in Apartheid Movies; Case Study of movies Winne Mandela and Sarafina
Mohammad Bagher Ghahramani Mohammad Javad Bakhtiari

The aim of this article studying the representation of women in the movies which are about South Africa’s Apartheid. Among various movies which have been made about Apartheid as the target group of this study, this article studies the representation of women in tw More

The aim of this article studying the representation of women in the movies which are about South Africa’s Apartheid. Among various movies which have been made about Apartheid as the target group of this study, this article studies the representation of women in two movies of Winnie Mandela and Sarafina, which are selected by targeted sampling methodology. By using the descriptive-analytical method, this article examines the role and the representation of the women in the two mentioned movies. This article uses film Study and film analysis to analyze the selected movies. Finally, it would be concluded that the representation of women in these movies shows kind, hardworking characters, with strong souls. Although they might break the feminine boarders, cross over to the masculine side, play men’s roles, and intervene in the unfamiliar masculine world their feminine aspect pulls them back and they continue to control the situation with their peace and prosperity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - The Role of Women In Urban Spaces Formation
Mohammadmehdi Moulaii Arezoo Lotfi

The purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. T More

The purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. The research design was an applied type. The data collection tools were library data and research databases related to women in architecture and urban planning. The collected theoretical bases were analyzed using descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that in the past, the status and activity of women in urban areas were more and more defined, and women were taking care of their daily activities in comfort and safety. Unlike in the past, in today's societies, the lack of attention to the context of public space and the allocation of appropriate social space for women has led to a lack of security. In the dominated modern world of society, women's needs have been removed from urban planning and architecture, and the environment has become a completely masculine environment. The components of mental, physical, security, and physiological differences between men and women are major and very influential factors in the quality of urban spaces suitable for women. The relevance of these components to the urban design criteria could be a great help in building a more cohesive city with women and stimulating their greater presence in society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - The Role of University Graduated Women in Sustainable and Inclusive Development
Shaida Gheitasi Nemat Allah Azizi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of university graduated women in sustainable and inclusive development. The research population was the published articles related to the role of university graduated women in development. The research sample was the More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of university graduated women in sustainable and inclusive development. The research population was the published articles related to the role of university graduated women in development. The research sample was the articles indexed in internal databases in the period of 1991 to 2020, which studied the role of university graduated women in development. Citation and library methods were applied to collect data. Based on the collected data, the role of university graduated women in the sustainable and inclusive development of the country was studied and analyzed. The results of the study showed that university graduated women played an important role in the economic, social, cultural, scientific and political development of the country. The highest and lowest roles of academic women were mentioned in economic development and political development, respectively. The results of this research could be used in formulating future development plans of the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - A Study of the Common Attributes of Righteous Women in the Holy Quran and the Bible
Maliheh Bagherinejad Yazdi Reza Baniasadi

The purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Qura More

The purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible in relation to the common attributes of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. This research was descriptive-analytical and the data was obtained through documents and libraries. The analysis was performed using the data obtained from Quranic verses and the Bible. The results of the present study indicated that in the Holy Quran and the Bible, attributes were expressed for competent women in both individual and family domains. According to the Holy Quran and the Bible, righteous women in the personal sphere have attributes such as faith, righteous deeds, piety, chastity, truthfulness, modesty, hijab, refraining from showing off and being none lascivious. Also in the family field, competent women were introduced with traits such as being nice in the life with husband, housekeeping and parenting. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - The Role and Position of Mongol Women on The Ilkhanate Era
Sabriye Mohammadi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and position of Mongol women on the Ilkhanate era. The research universe included all historical books related to Mongolian women. The research sample subsumed the texts regarding to the position of women in the I More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and position of Mongol women on the Ilkhanate era. The research universe included all historical books related to Mongolian women. The research sample subsumed the texts regarding to the position of women in the Ilkhanate era. The research method was descriptive-historical. The findings obtained based on documentary and library studies. The results showed that Mongolian women, in terms of their tribal lifestyle, always worked alongside with the men and side by side with them. The Ilkhani women had a direct participation and active presence in politics and state affairs and always fought alongside with the men in the battlefields and were as active as men in the production of material goods during peacetime. In addition to being officially regents or rulers, Mongol women also interfered in government affairs at other times and gained influence in this way according to their personality. Ilkhani women played a prominent role in positions such as ambassadors in domestic and abroad trips. Also, beauty and respect for chastity and decency of women were very evident in the eyes of the Mongols. Mongol women were generally chaste and tolerant with their husbands. The privileged position of Mongol women caused it to be reflected in their legislation. Dowry was very important during the Mughal era. From the point of view of the law, dowry was considered a woman's  ownership rights and among most of the Ilkhanate families, it was considered as a criterion for determining the dignity of young girls. Garment is one of the things that showed the high status of women in the society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Working women's strategies when exposure to role strain
Sayedeh Zohre Bozorgnezhad Shayadeh Maysam Mosai Sayed Reza Moeini

The aim of present research was to study working women's strategies when exposure to role strain. Study population were all working married female in Babol city. Purposive sampling method was used, so according to research qualitative method, theoretical saturation meth More

The aim of present research was to study working women's strategies when exposure to role strain. Study population were all working married female in Babol city. Purposive sampling method was used, so according to research qualitative method, theoretical saturation method was performed for subject's number.18 participants were selected for qualitative analysis. Study design was qualitative of the content analysis type. Data were gathered by field and library methods. Then data were collected by semi-structured interview with working women and were analyzed by theoretical coding method using MAXQDA software based on theories of social role and work-family conflict. Concepts and catagories were obtained from participants and their significant statements. In another word, deductive reasoning was performed for content analysis. So that, in some part according to theoretical sensitivity, important concepts were extracted and denominated. Then, by summarizing technique, the basic topics were determined based on common aspects. Results showed that women adopt strategies such as denial or concealment of role strain, adaptability, physical and mental empowerment, planning, use of service centers, decrease traditional and social roles when exposure to role strain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - An Analysis of the Social Status of Rural Women in The Ilkhanid Period Based on the Haas Village Cemetery Gravestones
Mehdi Kazempour

The object of the present research was the analysis of the social status of rural women in the Ikhanid period based on the Haas village cemetery gravestones. 200 gravestones were intact which by non-probabilistic sampling procedure 20 gravestones that contained the maxi More

The object of the present research was the analysis of the social status of rural women in the Ikhanid period based on the Haas village cemetery gravestones. 200 gravestones were intact which by non-probabilistic sampling procedure 20 gravestones that contained the maximum data on women professions were selected and studied. Concerning the object, the research was a qualitative with descriptive-analytical method. To obtain the data, in the initial stage, based on field studies, the necessary documentation such as photography, redesign and interpretation of inscriptions and motifs were proceeded. After presenting the descriptions and library information, the data were reviewed by analytical method. The results indicated that, with the arrival of the Mongols in Iran, the situation of women changed and they were able to play a freer role alongside men in the various society affairs. Historical sources as well as artistic evidence showed the prominent position of court women (especially the Ladies) in political and social relations, and no data were available about rural women of the period. Meanwhile, on the tombstones of Haas Cemetery, rural men and women were depicted who, during their lifetime, each held a job in a social position and had acquired a social status commensurate with their profession. This was recognizable by the type and dimensions of the tombstones, artistic techniques, inscriptions, motifs, as well as objects on the tombstone. Men in professions such as farmer, rancher, hunter, musician and servant, and women in “Varni” weaving (durries weaving), who played a prominent role in the livelihood of the society of that period, enjoyed a similar position with men. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Nima Yoshij's Thoughts On The Position Of Women In Prose
Ahmad Hosseini Makarem

The purpose of this study was to examine NimaYoshij's ideas about women position in his prose. The research statistical universe included all of Nima's prose works, including his letters to his wife, diaries, letters to various individuals, stories, plays, travelogues a More

The purpose of this study was to examine NimaYoshij's ideas about women position in his prose. The research statistical universe included all of Nima's prose works, including his letters to his wife, diaries, letters to various individuals, stories, plays, travelogues and memoirs. The research sample was the position of women in his prose works. The research design was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library and note – taking method was implemented based on Nima’s prose books. The findings of the study showed that in the works of Nima's prose, as it is clear from his writings, women did not have a high position and were viewed according to the same traditional and popular thinking; Nima did not admire the appearance of women. In his stories, women were unfaithful lovers, superstitious and imperfect-minded who were humiliated by men and had no social presence. He did not know how to adore them rightfuly, only the loving attitude towards his wife Alieh could be seen in his letters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Consequences of Islamophobia for United Kingdom Muslim Women Based on Moral Panic Theory
Ali Sabbaghian Mohammad Sadegh Koushki Hamzeh Safavi Ali Mohammad Khaksar

The research was intended to study The consequences of Islamophobia for United Kingdom Muslim women based on the moral panic theory. The statistical universe included whole Muslim women of England and the under study sample subsumed the immigrant Muslim females. The res More

The research was intended to study The consequences of Islamophobia for United Kingdom Muslim women based on the moral panic theory. The statistical universe included whole Muslim women of England and the under study sample subsumed the immigrant Muslim females. The research was designed as descriptive- analytical. By implementing library method (note taking on index cards) the data on basic concepts of Islamophobia, anti-Islamism and hostility against Islam, based on the moral panic theory were identified, collected and analyzed. The results indicated that Islamophobia alteration to hostility against Islam was the consequences of cultural and identities issues based on the moral panic theory. The most frequent violent attacks against Muslims in England targeted the Muslim female whom wore veil and “burqa”. These symbols indeed were the certain indications of being Muslim in England and even in all over Europe. The Muslim women most likely had neither any roles in extremist and terrorist actions of the Muslim fanatics in Europe nor in the Islamophobia transformation to hostility against Islam and had no any participations in none of such actions. However, the Muslim women played significant role in Muslims population increasing, but the occasional terrorist actions in Europe and specifically in England were carried out by men Muslim and the women Muslim had no any roles. Considering the financial crisis as one of the significant factors in Islamophobia commutation to hostility against Islam that correlated directly to the incrementing population of the immigrants in Europe, the Muslim men as Muslim women played almost similar roles while the non-Muslim population reactions towards this issue mostly injured the Muslim women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Consumption Behavior of Arab Women in Eid Al-Fitr Shopping Ritual
Rezvan Bahmaei Maryam Darvishi Jaber Mohammad Moosaee

The research aimed to study the Arab women’s behavior of consumption on the shopping of Eid al-Fitr ritual by phenomenological methodology. The statistical population consisted of all the Arab women living in Khouzestan province. The sample included 13 Arab women, More

The research aimed to study the Arab women’s behavior of consumption on the shopping of Eid al-Fitr ritual by phenomenological methodology. The statistical population consisted of all the Arab women living in Khouzestan province. The sample included 13 Arab women, which were saturated by the interviews. The research design was qualitative with the Van Mannen method on the interpretive paradigm basis. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological strategy via semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out after the sample saturation and exploration of main and secondary themes. The results ended to four main themes including: “meaning and concept of the phenomenon of Eid al-Fitr and the shopping of Eid al-Fitr in the family, role, and process of shopping for Eid al-Fitr in families, necessities and challenges of shopping for Eid al-Fitr and effects and consequences of shopping for Eid al-Fitr in families. "The most important conclusion of the study was semantic and identities overlap for the Eid al-Fitr phenomenon and shopping before Eid al-Fitr among the studied population. The indicative essence of the overlap included in the religious approach, to complying the religious duty and also ritual concept and being a tradition along with the ethnic ceremony. Manuscript profile

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130 - Testing a Causal Model of Domestic Violence Based on Mind Reading Through the Eyes and Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Mediated by the Quality of the Marital Relationship in Traumatized Women
Sajjad Basharpoor Matineh Ebadi

The aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted More

The aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women traumatized by domestic violence in Ardabil in 2021. The number of subjects was 300 who were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the study online. The research method was descriptive and correlational. To collect data, Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire (2002), "Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test of Baron and Cohen (2005), Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale of Coates and Messman-Moore (2014), and the Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al. (1995) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the variables of mind reading through the eyes, childhood psychological maltreatment had a direct effect on domestic violence in traumatized women; And these variables through the quality of marital relationship had an indirect effect on domestic violence in traumatized women. The domestic violence in traumatized women causal model goodness of fit was also confirmed using various indicators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Choice Theory Implementation on Hope, Resilience and Psychological Well-being of Divorced Women
Mina Mahmoudi Tabar Zahra Dargahi

The aim of the current study was to investigate the choice theory implementation on hope, resilience, and psychological well-being of divorced women in Ahvaz. The statistical population embraced all Ahvaz divorced women whose process of their legal separations was compl More

The aim of the current study was to investigate the choice theory implementation on hope, resilience, and psychological well-being of divorced women in Ahvaz. The statistical population embraced all Ahvaz divorced women whose process of their legal separations was completed at the time of the investigation. The research sample consisted of 40 divorced women selected through purposive sampling and was randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (20 subjects in each group). The research design was a quasi-experimental of the pretest-posttest type with a control group. The data collecting instruments utilized in this study were Schneider et al. Hope Scale (1991), Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989). The experimental group received the choice theory intervention consisted of 8 weekly 120-minutes group sessions. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any interventions. After a month and a half, follow-up phase was performed. Data were analyzed applying multivariate as well as univariate analyses of covariance methods. The Results showed that the implementation of choice theory was effective on hope, resilience and psychological well-being in divorced women. The results were similar across target groups and were generally maintained at follow-up phase one month and a half later as well. Manuscript profile

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132 - Analyzing the Economic Ownership Challenges of Employed Married Women with a Qualitative Approach
Arezu Ghafoori Saideh Sharif Mohamad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri

The aim of the study was to analyze the economic ownership challenges of employed married women with a qualitative approach. The statistical population included all employed married women. The research sample was 20 employed married women who were selected through purpo More

The aim of the study was to analyze the economic ownership challenges of employed married women with a qualitative approach. The statistical population included all employed married women. The research sample was 20 employed married women who were selected through purposive sampling procedure and interviewed using the standardized open-ended interview. After interviewing the 15th person, data saturation was achieved. The qualitative research design was carried out based on grounded theory and relying on Glazer's design. For data analysis, the substantive coding and theoretical coding method was implemented and in order to increase the accuracy of data analysis, MAXQDA version 12 was used. By evaluating the coherence between the categories with the nuclear category it was determine that among the Glasers 18 theoretical coding families, the Six C's family was more appropriate, and therefore the analysis conducted based on it. In the middle ground theory, the "marginal demands" as a core phenomenon and ten other categories including "economic conditions", " want it all " , "responsibility", "seduction", "neglect", " belong to", "spiritual intelligence"," inevitability", " economic distrust " and "cultural context", were identified; which their relationship were explained in the form of propositions and the visual model. Also, the findings showed that spiritual factors have the greatest impact on family transcendence. Spirituality is a dimension of every person's life that, if developed, gives a person the ability to go beyond the natural laws and usual orders of life and motivates a person to find meaning and purpose, especially in critical situations. Manuscript profile

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133 - Construction and Validation of Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian Women (A Case Study of Women in Tehran)
Pooneh Moghimi Nooshin Taghinejad Sholeh Namazi Mahmoud Sabahizadeh

10.22034/jwcp.2023.702821

The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women (a case study of women in Tehran). The statistical population included all the women of Tehran city. To select the subjects via interview 18 to 45 years More

The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women (a case study of women in Tehran). The statistical population included all the women of Tehran city. To select the subjects via interview 18 to 45 years old women whom experienced loneliness feeling were interviewed to saturation point. After 12 interview sessions no new code was extracted. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative procedures. To develop and validate the Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women, the participants were interviewed in the qualitative step. To assess the validation and the reliability of the questionnaire, quantitative and qualitative face validation, content validation ratio, validation content index, confirmatory and expletory factor analysis were applied. The questionnaire reliability was examined by internal consistency and halving method. The results of expletory factor analysis revealed that Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire with 13 items consisted of three factors (family loneliness, individual loneliness and social loneliness) and had proper validity and reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis also affirmed the three factors model. It could be concluded the Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire is authentic and eligible to assess the feeling of loneliness in women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Acculturation Developmental Course of the Holy Qur'an in the Verses Revelation of the Specific to Women Explicit Rules
Khadijeh Ahmadi Bighash Ameneh Ahmadi Bighash

The aim of the current research was to investigate the acculturation developmental course of the holy Qur'an in the verses revelation of the specific to women explicit rules. The universe of the study included all the verses of the Holy Quran. The research sample embrac More

The aim of the current research was to investigate the acculturation developmental course of the holy Qur'an in the verses revelation of the specific to women explicit rules. The universe of the study included all the verses of the Holy Quran. The research sample embraced the specific to women explicit rulings verses. The research design was descriptive-analytical. To collect data, the verses of the Holy Quran, interpretive, narrative and historical sources were reviewed via the library method. Then the data were analyzed. The findings of the research showed: The Quran is a universal book for the guidance of all mankind, which in the process of its revelation, in addition to the transmission of the text, also provided the audience with the method to realize its educational dimensions well through acculturalization. One of the most important categories of the Qur'an are the specific to women rulings verses, which are implicitly mentioned in the Meccan surah, and explicitly in the Madani surah, in topics such as: menstruation, breastfeeding period, eddeh (waiting period after divorce during which a woman cannot remarry), chastity and modesty, ghaz al-basr (staring to the men), etc. have been mentioned. Focusing on the revelation of explicit verses specific to women in the process of revelation, telling from a kind of gradual culture building in order to fight and invalidate superstitions and ignorance, preparing to accept rulings, and planning them from the simplest to the most difficult, in line with the gradual preparation and training of the audience to accept women's rights, respect their status, and promote the human character of women on the age of decline in society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - The Wise Women (In Islamic Early Centuries)
Fariba Tajmiralli

The implications of women presence on Islamic Gnosticism history on Islamic Era four early centuries could be observed in religious records and documents regularly and in scattered in historical and theosophical texts. The current research introduced pious women from Ba More

The implications of women presence on Islamic Gnosticism history on Islamic Era four early centuries could be observed in religious records and documents regularly and in scattered in historical and theosophical texts. The current research introduced pious women from Basra in the first two Islamic centuries and their knowledge which was specialized on Koran and Hadith; a record of the words and deeds of the Islam Prophet. In third and fourth centuries, one can find out that the sole reason for Khorasanian wise women presence was without any doubt the strongly structure of Neishabour in social, political and scientific circumstances. The majority of these women regarded asceticism as basis of belief and did believe that they would find their calm in worship when they purify their soul through asceticism. Shaavaneh, Rabeeh, Fateme Neishaboori , and Aesheh could be regarded the most important mystic women of the mentioned time. Khorasan became Iranian mystic’s home development in the period in which Rabee initiated mystics and Khorasanian women interested in this field more than all the Neishaboorian women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - The Archetypal Function of Jung's Analytical Psychology Theory in the Cultural-Literary Flourishing of Iranian Women
Negin Heidarizadeh

10.22034/jwcp.2023.704676

The aim of the current research was to investigate the concept role of archetype in Jung's analytical psychology theory on the cultural-literary flourishing of Iranian women. The research universe included all texts related to the archetype concept of the Jung's theory More

The aim of the current research was to investigate the concept role of archetype in Jung's analytical psychology theory on the cultural-literary flourishing of Iranian women. The research universe included all texts related to the archetype concept of the Jung's theory and cultural-literary works of Iranian women. The sample of the research subsumed the works of Etisami, Daneshvar, Behbahani and Farrokhzad. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The data was collected via library method and through note taking on index cards. An analytical procedure was applied to analyze the data. The results showed that according to Jung's point of view, the archetype has been deposited in the collective unconscious through repeated and similar experiences in the lives of the ancestors. These archetypes appear in different forms in mythology, dreams and individual fantasies, in religion and also in literature. The persistence of these archetypes in mythology and literature was due to their realness, which could give deep meaning to human life. Writing or a literary work with eternal themes could become a universal concept. Therefore, female writers and female poets were faced with common semantic images or archetypes similar to the universal symbol, this features remain forever and eternal in the minds of people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Analyzing the Educational Role of Women in the Family Environment from the Perspective of Islamic Culture With Emphasis on the both Imams of the Revolution Point of Views
Ahad Omidi Leyla Aghaverdizadeh Sadeg Faizzadeh

10.22034/jwcp.2023.709213

The current research was intended to study the educayional role of women in the family environment from the prespectve of Islamic culture with emphisis on the both Imams of the revolution view points. The research universe enfolded all the lectures and books of Imam Kho More

The current research was intended to study the educayional role of women in the family environment from the prespectve of Islamic culture with emphisis on the both Imams of the revolution view points. The research universe enfolded all the lectures and books of Imam Khomeini (God Blessed Him)) and the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and educational texts related to the prespectve of Islamic culture. The sample encased the lectures and books of Imam Khomeini (G B H)) and the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and topics related to the educayional role of women in the family environment from the prespectve of Islamic culture. The reseach was set as descriptive-analytical. To collect data library method by note taking on the index cards was enforced. Data were analyzed by applying content analysis procedure. The results indicated that in Islamic culture, the family plays a vital role in the society and people's thoughts. Among family members, women have a prominent role. Woman as wife and mother, has a significant impact on the education of family. From the view point of the Imams of the revolution, the educational role of women in the family is divided into two general parts, the educational and guiding role. According to the duty of wife and mother women could have a great impact in the family. Therefore, in the context of Islamic culture and according to the opinions of the imams of the revolution, to have a healthy and educated family, Therefore, in the context of Islamic culture and according to the opinions of the imams of the revolution, to have a healthy and educated family, special attention should be paid to the educational role of women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Prediction Model of Romantic Relationship on the basis of Perfectionism Components among Married Female College Students
محسن Golparvar ساناز Setayeshmanesh M. R. Mosahebi

This research was administered with the aim of determining the relationship between perfectionism components and romantic relationship among married women college student. The research statistical population was the married women of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Kho More

This research was administered with the aim of determining the relationship between perfectionism components and romantic relationship among married women college student. The research statistical population was the married women of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch. 351 persons were selected by stratified random sampling procedure. The research instruments were Perfectionism Questionnaire (Frost et al, 990) and Romantic Relationship Questionnaire (Attridge et al, 1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that there were significant relationships between parental expectations and parental criticism with romantic dependence, and between personal standards, order and organization, worry about errors and doubts about actions with romantic insecurity. The enter multiple regression analysis results revealed that order and organization and parental expectations can respectively predict romantic dependence, and personal standards, worry about errors, doubts about actions and parental expectations can predict romantic insecurity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - Armed Hostilities and Violence against Women and Children from International Regulations Point of View
H. A. Moazanzadegun M. A. Heidari امین Nikomanzari

The armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human ri More

The armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human rights and the rule of law in various dimensions. Despite the wars stimulating factors, women and children have always been suffered the most injuries of the wars in different forms based on historical documents. One of the women urgent international problems is the systematic rape against women and children in armed disputes that aimed ethnic cleansing and carried on by brutality. Certainly decisive and serious confronting by the international community could have prevented such inhumane actions .The most important crimes were mentioned in this article referring the international documents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Feminine Poetries A survey on the role of female poets in Iran
بهزاد Khajat

Although the number of female poets has been less than man, it is not a good reason to neglecttheir very important role in creating poems and literary works all around the world. All literarymovements seem to have some women with magnificent literary works and very wond More

Although the number of female poets has been less than man, it is not a good reason to neglecttheir very important role in creating poems and literary works all around the world. All literarymovements seem to have some women with magnificent literary works and very wonderful poems,all the time. In Iran, even in the most traditional historical periods, women had created wonderfulliterary works. It is obvious that social and historical status of men and women poets have been diflferent, in spite of that, their values were not affected by their status. Even most of the time, it couldbe seen that women have been much more kind and affectionate in creating an artistic literary work.The purpose of this article was to show women’s role playing process in creating literary worksfrom the very beginning of the existence of modern poetry. The name of all the female poets andsome of their influential poems were mentioned and their success and failure was discussed too.The author tried not to ignore any well-known name from the list, meanwhile, social concerns ofsuch kind of evolutions was considered. Manuscript profile

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141 - The Role of Islamic Azad University in Women's Educational, Cultural, Social and Economic Affairs
فروغ Rudgarnezhad کریم Kia Kojory A. R. Taheri

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of Islamic Azad University in educational, cultural, social and economic affairs of Port of Anzali city women. To investigate the consequences of Islamic Azad University establishing 110 subjects were questioned by imply More

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of Islamic Azad University in educational, cultural, social and economic affairs of Port of Anzali city women. To investigate the consequences of Islamic Azad University establishing 110 subjects were questioned by implying a researchers initiated questionnaire with 0/84 reliability coefficient during a descriptive survey research. Afterward, the structural equation model was extracted by statistical correlation test, direct and indirect relationships between variables and regression equations in the form of interactive path analysis. The results suggested that in all the quadric main variables; educational, cultural, social and economical affairs; Islamic Azad University had positive significant impact on the status of women. Impact of these factors in order of importance were social, educational, economic and cultural factors. Manuscript profile

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142 - The Mission of the Women Biographer Attar Alvavly
Saba Biyokzadeh

In the literature, there are a few books, including works of Attar written on the essence of being a woman which have moved beyond her human status. Women have appeared in various roles in works of Attar poetry and prose. In this article, the status of women and their r More

In the literature, there are a few books, including works of Attar written on the essence of being a woman which have moved beyond her human status. Women have appeared in various roles in works of Attar poetry and prose. In this article, the status of women and their roles are examined through a multidimensional perspective in Tazkirat al-Awliya. In the sections on mysticism and love Rabia Basri was mentioned. In other sections, anecdotes from different parts of Tazkirat al-Awliya have been selected to grasp the ideas of this intellectual Sheik sixth century on women, interpretation of womanhood, their human status and their roles in the society. Obviously, through his favor, Attar had fully identified women superior character in the history of Iran, Islam and mysticism. Manuscript profile

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143 - A Descriptive Study On Domestic Violence And Its Relationship With The Married Women's Mental Profile
Sara Rashti Reza Pasha Farah Naderi

The aim of this research was to describe the domestic violence and its relationship with the married women's mental profile in Dezful. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 404 subjects. The data collecting instrumen More

The aim of this research was to describe the domestic violence and its relationship with the married women's mental profile in Dezful. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 404 subjects. The data collecting instruments included a questionnaire on domestic violence and a seventy one items MMPI inventory. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was employed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the domestic violence and the eight scales of mental profiles at p-level of 0.01. Moreover, it was recognized the domestic violence had an indirect relationship with women's educational trends and family income. The finding also revealed that 75% of women underwent mild violence, 15% moderate violence and 7% experienced sever type of domestic violence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - The Relations between Spiritual Intelligence, Social Intelligence and Death Anxiety in Ahwaz WomanSeniles
Farah Naderi Kh. Roushani

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, social intelligence and death anxiety among woman seniles in Ahwaz .The sample included 100 subjects who were selected based on multiphase sampling. For the measurement of t More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, social intelligence and death anxiety among woman seniles in Ahwaz .The sample included 100 subjects who were selected based on multiphase sampling. For the measurement of the variables, Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS), Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Collet Lester Fear Of Death Scale (Cl-FODS) were used. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results indicated that there was a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and death anxiety, but there was no significant correlation between social intelligence and death anxiety .The results of regression analysis also showed that the spiritual intelligence was the only predicting variable for death anxiety. Manuscript profile

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145 - Consequential women (Oliympias, Tarkan khatun and Mahd e Olya)
Naemeh Motevasseli Sayed Gafar Hamidi Sayed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni

    In Iran, throughout the ebb and flow of its history, there were numerous women who had played a sort of crucial role not only in construction or destruction of cultural, human and political elements, but also either in development, flourishing and exp More

    In Iran, throughout the ebb and flow of its history, there were numerous women who had played a sort of crucial role not only in construction or destruction of cultural, human and political elements, but also either in development, flourishing and expansion or ruinating and obliteration of the country. The present paper purposed to introduce some of the effective feminine on the fate and Persian history (Oliympias, Tarkan khatun and Mahd e Olya). It also evaluated the influence and its degrees, dimensions, extents and consequences were also discussed. It was concluded that the women should be called as the main role player of the power in some of the governments. The paper also came to result   that these three mentioned women had a very negative and destructive effects on the history and the people destiny of Iran. Due to such an influence they should be named consequential women, since their unfortunate thoughts involved  all the Iranian. Manuscript profile

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146 - The Role Of Women In The Palestinian Movement
M. R. Alam سمیره Hazbavi منا Hamidi nasab

More than six decades have passed since Palestinians began their struggle against Israel and its powerful backers. Many times during this period, the world had witnessed legendary resistance initiated by the people of Palestine. The news of such resistance became the he More

More than six decades have passed since Palestinians began their struggle against Israel and its powerful backers. Many times during this period, the world had witnessed legendary resistance initiated by the people of Palestine. The news of such resistance became the headlines both in the region and all around the world, whilst at the same time the world opinion was overawed by the news of many tragedies befalling the Palestinians. The question that has been raised  was  that what were  the reasons which made the resistance to last for sixty years. It is a fact that one important reason for such phenomenon to be continued in such a way and for so long has been the presence of Palestinian women in the heart of the struggling resistance. Present article was an attempt to understand and clarify the role played by Palestinian women in sustaining and continuing the resistance movement. For example we can mention of military cultural activites and establishing of the autonomous organizations. Manuscript profile

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147 - The Character and Role of Woman in Shahnameh Stories
حسین Ali Naghi

The Role and share of Woman in Ferdowsi Shahnameh stories has been as a controversial issue among the experts. Some claimed misogynistic stands for the Shahnameh while others denied such an attitude. The current research purposed to review the character, role and the co More

The Role and share of Woman in Ferdowsi Shahnameh stories has been as a controversial issue among the experts. Some claimed misogynistic stands for the Shahnameh while others denied such an attitude. The current research purposed to review the character, role and the contribution of women in Shahnameh Stories. The character of any Shahnameh woman is peerless and unique; such as their roles that are not similar in all stories and have different weights and frequency in each part of the Shahnameh: the mythology part, the heroic-epic part and the historic part. This article, at first, discussed the general atmosphere about women in Shahnameh stories and then reviewed the various roles of women in the tales and finally, analyzed each character and function of each woman in the trend of each story and tale. Manuscript profile

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148 - Social And Cultural Barriers The Most Important Factors In Rural Women's Non Participation In Productive Activities (Case Study Of Shushtar Suburb Rural Women Potatoes Farmers)
S. S. Mosavi A. R. Omani M. S. Alahyari

The main goal of this research was to study participation barriers of rural women in agricultural production activities. The type of the study was an applied research. To determine the barriers of rural women's participation descriptive and factor analysis techniques we More

The main goal of this research was to study participation barriers of rural women in agricultural production activities. The type of the study was an applied research. To determine the barriers of rural women's participation descriptive and factor analysis techniques were implemented as well. The Sample included 288 rural women that were selected by incidental sampling procedure( with in reach). Based on the resulted outcome the rural women, retained an average level in terms of  social features (social participation and social status). More use of factor analysis techniques determined the  factors affecting the non-participation of rural women in production activity. The Bartlett test value (3848.876  )and KMO test (0.09) showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. The results also indicated that five factors generally explained the  %51 of the rural women's non participation in productive activities obstacles and problems.The  factors  were respectively, social structure, cultural structure, economic barriers, educational barriers and agricultural lands structure. Manuscript profile

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149 - An Introduction to the Role of the Women in Literary Revolutions
فرخنده Baha-Mirian سهیلا Lovami

In this paper, the role of the women in the literary revolutions has been studied. Since many intellectual women have been mentioned and recorded in Persian literature history, only those who have created new styles and / or caused distinct literary revolutions, have be More

In this paper, the role of the women in the literary revolutions has been studied. Since many intellectual women have been mentioned and recorded in Persian literature history, only those who have created new styles and / or caused distinct literary revolutions, have been noted here. In view of the fact that Persian literature history has been recorded under the influence of masculine domination. Finding the works of the intellectual women in some cases is a difficult task. However, in the period of constitutionalism and thanks to constitution revolution, due to the fact that the women managed to earn their legal rights. Finding the appropriate resources has become easier. While introducing the works of the intellectual women, their literary and social prominences are being considered here as well. The main topic of this research is the poet women, because women in Iran have less experience in prose and story writing than poetry and also the number of intellectual poet women are much more than prose writing women. Manuscript profile

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150 - Features of the Heavenly Women from the Koran Perspective
رضوان Haji Sharafi

24 verses of the Quran describe the heavenly women- "Hoor Al Ain"- that to be married to the believers in heaven. Those women have the traits such as to be pure, big eyes, being youthful, and being in the same age and in love with her spouse and to be in great moral sta More

24 verses of the Quran describe the heavenly women- "Hoor Al Ain"- that to be married to the believers in heaven. Those women have the traits such as to be pure, big eyes, being youthful, and being in the same age and in love with her spouse and to be in great moral status and to be better than the most worldly women. The faithful women- Moumaneh- of course due to doing good deeds are in higher stage than “Hoor Al Ain". In this paper twelve characteristics of heavenly women were mentioned and demonstrated via citing the Holly Quran verses and Islamic Hadith. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - Plotical Culture among Shia Women (Emphasis on the Role of Iran Islamic Revolution)
حامد Nazari M. R. Alam S. M. Ghafoor

This study aimed to examine the political culture, the Shiite women contribution in politics and its effect on Iranian women’s political culture. The research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach. The underlying assumption was that, although the More

This study aimed to examine the political culture, the Shiite women contribution in politics and its effect on Iranian women’s political culture. The research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach. The underlying assumption was that, although the political culture components in Iran such as authoritarian culture has been responsible for the decline of women participation in politics, due to the influence of the Iranian Shiite women’s political culture, the women political participation in certain periods of history has increased. For example, during the Islamic revolution under the supervision of Imam Khomeini (ra) the political participation of women has reached its peak. During the revolution, the role and contribution of women in politics for the first time became equal to that of men. The revolution was a manifestation of the political participation of women in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - and Social support in Sports and Non-sports Women in Ahwaz City
Sahar Safarzadeh

The research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting thre More

The research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting three questionnaires were used: self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE), Domination (F) California questionnaire and Philips Social support Questionnaire. Statistical results were significant on P value less then   0/05     (P<0/05) and showed significant difference between sports and non-sports women on self-efficacy, domination and social support. Therefore the research hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile

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153 - Offenders female and personality and cultural factors related to it
Sahar Safarzadeh

  The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between personality traits and social support with job satisfaction among Ahwaz women teachers. The research sample included 200 women teachers of Ahwaz city that were selected randomly by cluster sa More

  The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between personality traits and social support with job satisfaction among Ahwaz women teachers. The research sample included 200 women teachers of Ahwaz city that were selected randomly by cluster sampling method and evaluated with NEO personality traits questionnaire, Philip Social Support and Job Satisfaction Inventory (JID).  The present research was correlation type. Data analysis by the using Pearson correlation method at the significance level p< 0.05 showed that there was a significant relationship between being conscience, extravertistic, agreement and social support with job satisfaction but there was not any significant relationship between nuerotism and openness with job satisfaction. Manuscript profile

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154 - Survey of women's education and training in the world's most populous countries (E9)
ایران Mehdizadegan

In this article, the studies conducted by UNESCO from the comparative analysis of the nine most populous countries of the world known as E9 (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan) have been discussed. The increasing national ef More

In this article, the studies conducted by UNESCO from the comparative analysis of the nine most populous countries of the world known as E9 (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan) have been discussed. The increasing national efforts of these countries were carried out around a study whose official document was presented by Wolfgang Follmann, the coordinator of UNESCO. In this document, the role of women as educators in the family, school, community, and in administrative and social life was considered in educational plans and programs for growth and development. Statistical information and data showed that, except for Nigeria, the basic growth and progress in education and training of women can be seen in all regions, on the outskirts of cities and villages. Also, the studies show that the educational levels of parents, especially mothers, had a decisive role in the educational status of children, especially girls, and the encouragement and basic education and continuing education of girls. In the implementation of continuous public education in E9 countries, women and girls were mobilized to take advantage of their abilities, creativity and skills in educational plans and programs for inclusive growth and development. In general, the member countries accepted the fact that despite the outdated and inhibiting attitudes and obstacles in some areas, women should be at the center of all reform programs of the society. These countries have a set of models that can be followed for the world in the initial programs of education and training for women and girls. Manuscript profile

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155 - The Effectiveness Of Life Skills Training On Reducing Anxiety Of Divorced Women
عادله Zehtab Nagafi صفورا Salemi

The goal of current study was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training  on reducing anxiety of divorced women .the sample included 40 divorced  women that referred to Tehran Health Home. The subjects were allocated randomly in to experimental and co More

The goal of current study was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training  on reducing anxiety of divorced women .the sample included 40 divorced  women that referred to Tehran Health Home. The subjects were allocated randomly in to experimental and control groups. Only the experimental group received life skills training  weekly for seven sessions. The instruments that were applied in this study was Beck Depression Inventory that were performed on the experimental and control group in two pre- test and post- test stages. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistic method. The results indicated that life skills training caused significant reduction in anxiety scores in experimental group rather than control group (p</001). Manuscript profile

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156 - Woman and Hazrat Zahra (SA) Position from Sanaee Ghaznavi Viewpoint
A. A. Afrasyabpour

Some consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could rea More

Some consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could reach the highest level of mystical ranks. In Sanaee works two types of recitations about women could be observed; one with the positive viewpoint which attributed senior conduct and wisdom to them, the other with negative viewpoint that woman gender has not been regarded. Since at "Sanaee” era women were considered as life luxuries, so he either took some negative positions toward polygyny women or might benefited prevalent allegories to communicate with  the public. By studying his approach toward Hazrat Zahra (SA) and Shiite we could attaine the woman superior rank in his opinion Manuscript profile

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157 - Comparison of Hardiness Personality Trait in Athlete, Non-Athlete Disabled and Healthy Athlete Women
سمانه Rezaee Farahabadi Gh. R. Manshaei مونا Sarshar

The purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness personality trait and its three components (commitment, control and challenge) in disabled athlete, disabled non-athlete and healthy athlete women. The research compared a sample included 25 women who were the membe More

The purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness personality trait and its three components (commitment, control and challenge) in disabled athlete, disabled non-athlete and healthy athlete women. The research compared a sample included 25 women who were the members of disabled national team with 25 disabled non-athlete and 25 healthy athlete women with respect to Kobasa Hardiness Inventory. According to demographic data, 25 disabled non-athletes and 25 healthy athletes were matched with 25 disabled athlete women. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between hardiness and its three components. Dunett Test also showed that the mean of hardiness and its three components in the healthy athlete and disabled athlete women were equal but disabled non-athlete women acquired less mean score compared to healthy athlete and disabled athlete women. Conclusion: sporting can increase hardiness personality trait in disabled athlete women.  Manuscript profile

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158 - Cultural Investigation Of Ancient Texts About Naming Women
Sayedeh Saeedeh Sanjari Mehdi Kargar

The aim of this research was to investigate people`s cultural and credential beliefs from the religions` history of pre-Islam period in naming women. In the recent research the data were gathered from ancient books of Iran, Avesta and Pahlavi Persian. The old texts from More

The aim of this research was to investigate people`s cultural and credential beliefs from the religions` history of pre-Islam period in naming women. In the recent research the data were gathered from ancient books of Iran, Avesta and Pahlavi Persian. The old texts from ancient times of Iran show Iranians` beliefs, creeds, and cultural, social, and historical indices of pre-Islam period. These ancient beliefs and creeds show a part of people`s attitudes to name women using some materialistic symbols like sky, sun, and stars, and from spiritual view, it shows their belief to Gods and to the ancient Goddesses. Some of the Gods are ancient ones. It means that they were worshiped before Zoroaster, and due to being benefited from the divinity and the link with the divine religions, they had the spiritual and legendry reflection in the culture of the society. The results of data analysis on the basis of the ancient texts, showed the significant relationship between theological- religious beliefs and historical- cultural creeds and also social acceptance to name women. There was also luckiness and holiness of religious beliefs among all the cultural information that had the most powerful effect on naming girls in the past times of Iran. Manuscript profile

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159 - Globalization and Social Capabilities of Muslim Women
Hamideh Salehian Lena Abdolkhani

Today, the necessity of studying the status of Muslim women in the process of globalization and international developments with the aim of adjusting and improving their status is a considerable issue. Research in the field of Muslim women related issues by taking their More

Today, the necessity of studying the status of Muslim women in the process of globalization and international developments with the aim of adjusting and improving their status is a considerable issue. Research in the field of Muslim women related issues by taking their demands into account in various stages of social and cultural planning and decision making increased its importance. The social, economic, political, and cultural factors that govern communities, as well as global experiences of globalization, faced Muslim women with different opportunities and threats. This research, on the one hand, studied the positive and negative effects of globalization for women. On the other hand, it reflected social movements and attempts made to achieve strategic demands that ensure the elimination of discrimination and inequality in different areas of life and the provision of a suitable and befitting environment for Muslim women in developing their productive and creative capabilities, regarding existing challenges. It is, thus, necessary to take appropriate measures in favor of promoting the status of women by decision-making bodies, intellectuals, and cultural policy-makers and, most of all, Muslim women themselves. Manuscript profile

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160 - Assessment of Ahwaz Women Opinions about the Methods for Persuading People Participation in Solid Wastes Project
سیما Sabz alipour یاسمین Sobhani زینب Kazemi

Recycle is a method for decreasing solid wastes and can reduce the solid waste disposal costs and save energy. One of the effective factors for gaining success in this program is people awareness especially women, about the methods for persuading people participation in More

Recycle is a method for decreasing solid wastes and can reduce the solid waste disposal costs and save energy. One of the effective factors for gaining success in this program is people awareness especially women, about the methods for persuading people participation in solid waste recycle project. The purpose of this study was to survey Ahvaz’s women opinions about this issue. This cross sectional study was done on 160 Ahwaz inhabitant women in 2010. The data were collected via interview and by structured questionnaires. 85% of women were Khouzestanian. 52% of them had university education and 31% of them were older than 40 years, 60% of them were housewives.38% were informed by TV, 14% by newspaper, 7% by family and relatives and 4%were informed by municipality.39% of participants believed that giving solid wastes bags to people and 33% giving award to people were the best methods for persuading people to take part. Regarding the majority opinions, which were giving solid waste bags and awarding people, these two methods can successfully be considered for persuading people to participate in the recycle project. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare
sajjad almardani Masoumeh Azemoudeh reza Abdi Seyed davoud Hoseini Nasab

10.30495/iifs.2023.1993892.1098

 Introduction: Divorce is one of the stressful experiences of the family that can lead to conflict and incompatibility between couples. The purpose of this research was to Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolera More

 Introduction: Divorce is one of the stressful experiences of the family that can lead to conflict and incompatibility between couples. The purpose of this research was to Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare. Methods: The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consists of all the women who referred to the welfare of Tabriz city in the second half of 1402-1401, of which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group) by random sampling. The pre-test and post-test were conducted after the treatment interventions based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy. McLean's tolerance of uncertainty questionnaire (1993) was used to collect data and multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: The results showed that both interventions were effective on the tolerance of uncertainty variable (p<0.05). According to the results of the present study, there was a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy in the dependent variable, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment plays a role in increasing the tolerance of uncertainty and improving the condition of divorced women.Extended AbstractIntroductionDivorced women are among the most vulnerable groups in society, who face mental, psychological, social, economic and cultural difficulties and disabilities. Divorce is the most common manifestation of severe conflict, and more than half of the couples who seek counseling end up getting divorced. According to official statistics in Iran, out of every 1000 marriages, about 200 cases lead to divorce. According to the statistics of the Civil Registration Organization of the country in 2019, the growth rate of divorce in Iran was about 3.6% compared to 2018. Therefore, divorce is the most important threat to the foundation of the family, and it is very important to pay attention to issues related to divorce and women who suffer from it. It is clear that divorce is one of the factors that cause disruption and confusion in people's lives. The decision to divorce is the result of intense internal pressure (such as ambiguity tolerance) on at least one spouse, which may occur through unmet needs. Divorce occurs when couples fail to meet the attachment needs of security, safety, and satisfaction of each other, that is, the ambiguity and confusion of marital relations represents the failure of couples to establish a relationship with a secure attachment style. In this regard, one of the variables that is important in divorced people is tolerance of ambiguity. Ambiguity tolerance is defined as how people process, interpret and react to information from stimuli that are considered ambiguous. A person who has a high tolerance for ambiguity does not feel threatened or difficult in adapting to a new and fresh environment, because he has accepted the existence of a degree of ambiguity as one of the principlesof life and knows that our information is never complete for decision-making, and with patience and Boredom can recognize the ambiguous situation and find a solution, and divorced women probably feel more ambiguity and have less tolerance for ambiguity due to psychological disturbances. Also, most divorced women feel uncertainty and uncertainty about their future life and feel weak in the face of problems. This research uses treatment based on commitment and acceptance and schema therapy. Considering the importance of the ambiguity tolerance component in divorced women and considering that the psychological damage caused by divorce in women occurs chronically; This raises the need for psychological interventions. According to the above researches, the present study wants to answer the question that among the methods of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) and schema therapy, which one is more effective in tolerating the ambiguity of divorced women who refer to welfare?MethodologyThe method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consists of all the women who referred to the welfare of Tabriz city in the second half of 1402-1401, of which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group) by random sampling. (Matched by gender, age range and educational and economic conditions). The pre-test and post-test were conducted after the treatment interventions based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy. McLean's tolerance of uncertainty questionnaire (1993) was used to collect data and multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the hypotheses.ResultsThe number of 20 people in the intervention group of acceptance and commitment therapy and 20 people in the intervention group of schema therapy and 20 control people with mean (standard deviation) age of 28.87 (2.71) and 29.24 (2.93) respectively. and 31/63 (3/32) participated in this research. The default check of homogeneity of variances is established to tolerance of uncertainty (F=0.420, P=0.659). The Mbox test value was equal to 2.71, the corresponding significance level was equal to 0.51, and the assumption of homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices was established (p<0.001). Table 1: Mean and standard deviation of tolerance of uncertainty by group and timeTable 1 showed that the average tolerance of uncertainty in the acceptance and commitment group was 22.85 in the pre-test, which increased to 47.50 in the post-test. In the schema therapy group, the average score in the pre-test was 28.95, which increased to 42.90 in the post-test. In the control group, the average in the pre-test was 24.25, which increased to 26.55 in the post-test.Table 2: The results of the analysis of covariance in order to compare the effectiveness of the two interventions of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on the scale of tolerance of uncertaintyThe results of Table 2 showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention methods of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty (p<0.05). The significance level of the analysis of covariance test showed the difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention methods on tolerance of uncertainty.Table 3: Comparison of the adjusted means of the tolerance of uncertainty scale in the groups with the LSD testThe results showed that the adjusted average of tolerance of uncertainty in the acceptance and commitment group was 48.24 and in the schema therapy group it was 42.15, and the average of the acceptance and commitment group was 6.09 points higher than the schema therapy group and this difference was statistically significant and showed that the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment intervention on tolerance of uncertainty was greater than the schema therapy intervention (p<0.05). DiscussionExamining the findings of the research showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on the tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy. The findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies (Aghili, kashiri, 2022).ConclusionThe results of the present study show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment plays a role in increasing the tolerance of uncertainty and improving the condition of divorced women and can have implications for social support for these people.Finally, non-implementation of follow-up due to time constraints, small number of samples and targeted sampling method were among the limitations of the present study. It is suggested that in order to increase the generalizability of the findings, similar researches should be conducted considering long-term follow-up periods, with a larger number of samples and using possible sampling. According to the findings, it is suggested that therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment be used as a beneficial intervention to improve and increase tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women in welfare and treatment centers. AcknowledgmentsWe hereby express our thanks and appreciation to the honorable directorate of Tabriz welfare admission, and all those who helped us in this research. FundingThe present research is taken from the doctoral thesis of the second author "Sajjad Alamardani Someeh" and without financial support.Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"This article is extracted from the specialized doctoral thesis of the first author in Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran" and has the code of ethics IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1401.307 from the Ethics Committee of Tabriz Islamic Azad University Medical Sciences Branch. Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this article. RefferencesAbu-Ras, R.,  & Itzhaki-Braun, Y. 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Open Access Article

162 - Predicting marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and couples communication patterns in culturally employed women in Khomein city
mina Dori hassan heidari

10.30495/iifs.2023.1991013.1090

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to predict marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism, and couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. Method: The method of descriptive-correlation research was of pre More

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to predict marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism, and couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. Method: The method of descriptive-correlation research was of predictive type. The statistical population of the research included all the married women working in the field of culture in Khomein city in 2021-2022 in the number of 473 people, using the Cochran formula, 212 people were selected by available sampling method. The research materials included Spanier's husband and wife adjustment questionnaire (1976), Kaviani's Islamic lifestyle questionnaire (2011), T Short et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire (1995), and Christensen and Salawi's couple communication pattern questionnaire (1984). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings: Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle (r=0.752), perfectionism (r-0.299) and mutual constructive relationship (r=0.225). There is a negative and significant relationship between marital adjustment with expectation/withdrawal relationship (r=-250) and mutual avoidance relationship (r=-0.115) (p<0/01). Also, multiple regression showed that Islamic lifestyle variables 0.75%, perfectionism 0.29%, mutual constructive relationship 0.21%, expectation/withdrawal relationship 0.21% negative and mutual avoidance relationship 0.11% negative adjustment. They predict marriage. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that working married women who choose the Islamic lifestyle and use constructive patterns of communication in their marital relationships will achieve a higher degree of adjustment in their marital life. Extended AbstractIntroductionMany factors can affect the success or failure of married life (Birditt et al., 2022). One of these things that has a great impact on the continuation of a successful marriage is marital adjustment (Gopal & Valarmathi, 2020). Marital adjustment is an evolutionary process in the relationship between husband and wife, which refers to a state of adjustment in various aspects of couples that may have conflict (Montajabian & Rezaidehnavi, 2021).It seems that having a lifestyle that is based on religious teachings can be the role of a coping strategy against life crises. The Islamic lifestyle is based on Islamic teachings, which covers the scope of knowing the emotions, intentions and behavior of a person during his life, from the material to the spiritual world, for his needs in this world and the hereafter in all dimensions (Fallahchai et al, 2021) and the religion of Islam and following According to verse 3 of Surah Ma'idah, that Islamic lifestyle is the most perfect religion and lifestyle for the happiness of both worlds and plays a decisive role in marital adjustment. Because the framework of this style is based on ethics, which is the philosophy of the mission of all prophets (Salamabadi et al, 2014).Although social and cultural factors play an important role in marital adjustment, it seems that individual factors or characteristics, which are called personality, have a greater effect (Nazari & Karbalaie Mohammad Meigooni, 2017). One of these personality characteristics is perfectionism. . Perfectionism is a person's persistent desire to set perfect and unattainable standards and try to achieve them, which is accompanied by critical self-evaluations of one's performance (Stoeber & Harvey, 2016). Besharat et al (2018) in their research titled predicting couple adjustment based on spiritual-religious perfectionism and spiritual health showed that spiritual/religious perfectionism and spiritual health are determinants of couple adjustment.One of the ways to look at the structure of families is to look at the communication channels through which they interact with each other. Those kinds of communication channels that happen abundantly in a family are called communication patterns (Sayedi et al, 2018). "Couple communication patterns is a process during which husband and wife interact with each other verbally and non-verbally" (Hassanimoghadam et al, 2019). Defective communication patterns reduce the couples' correct understanding of each other, makes spouses unable to support each other, try to satisfy each other's needs, and understand each other's point of view on conflicting issues, and finally causes marital problems and dissatisfaction(Fallahchai et al, 2021).Therefore, one of the most important phenomena that requires attention and serious scientific research in today's social sciences is the consequences of married women's employment (Haidari & Dehghani, 2021), which creates concerns; Therefore, according to the importance of marital adjustment in family consolidation and the fact that we witness marital discord in families based on research, it seems that investigating factors predicting marital adjustment of culturally married workers is important and necessary and can provide a suitable basis for provide the development of romantic, honest relationships with understanding, commitment and intimacy between couples and help to understand the life cycle of couples; Therefore, the main question of the researcher is whether marital adjustment can be predicted based on the Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns of couples in cultural working women of Khomein city.MethodologyThe design of the present research was part of applied research in terms of the type of objective, and in terms of the nature of data, it was part of quantitative research, and in terms of the method of descriptive collection and correlation method, it was of the predictive type. The statistical population of the present study included all married women working in the field of culture in Khomein city in the year 2021-2022 in the number of 473 people, and 212 people were selected using available sampling method using Karjesi and Morgan table. The criteria for entering the research included the informed consent of the person, at least 22 years of age and at least a bachelor's degree, not taking antipsychotic drugs and not having physical problems. The exclusion criteria also included refusal to cooperate in completing the questionnaires and history of psychiatric diseases. In this research, from an ethical point of view, explanations about the objectives of the research were presented to the participants, and they were also assured that their information would remain confidential with the researcher, and the consent of the people to participate in this research was obtained.The research tools include Spanir's husband and wife adjustment questionnaire (1976), which includes 32 questions and four components of couple satisfaction, couple solidarity, couple agreement, and expression of affection. Kaviani's Islamic lifestyle questionnaire (211) which includes 76 questions and 10 indicators as follows: social (11 items), beliefs (6 items), religious (6 items), morals (11 items), financial (12 items) , family (8 items), health (7 items), thinking and science (5 items), security-defense (4 items), chronology (5 items). T Short et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire (1995) which includes 40 questions and two components of positive perfectionism and negative perfectionism. And finally, Christensen and Salawi's (1984) couple communication pattern questionnaire, which includes 35 questions.ResultsOf all the respondents (212 people) among the married women working in the cultural field of Khomein city, 39.6 percent (84 people) are under 35 years old, 44.3 percent (94 people) are between 35 to 40 years old and 16 percent (34 people) were over 40 years old; Also, 61.8% (131 people) had a bachelor's degree, 33.0% (70 people) had a master's degree, and 5.2% (11 people) had a doctorate degree.Table 1. Statistical description of the scores of research variablesTable 1 shows the statistical description of the scores related to the variables of marital adjustment, Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns along with their subscales. Based on the presented results, the mean variable of marital adjustment is (125/47), Islamic lifestyle (203/30), perfectionism (116/20) and communication patterns (110/68).Table 2. Normality of data distributionTable 2 shows the normality of data distribution. Considering that the null hypothesis is related to the normality of the variables and the null hypothesis is related to the non-normality of the variables; Because the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic of the variables is not in the range of +1.96 and -1.96; Also, the significance level of the variables is more than 0.05; The null hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variables have a normal distribution at a significance level of 0.05 and with 95% confidence. Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficient test between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patternsTable 3 shows the results of Pearson correlation coefficient between research variables. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle is 0.752, between marital adjustment with perfectionism is 0.299, between marital adjustment with mutual constructive relationship is 0.225, which shows that the relationship between them is a positive and direct relationship. The meaning is that with the increase of marital adjustment in the Islamic lifestyle person, perfectionism and mutual constructive communication will be better; But the relationship between marital adjustment with expectation/withdrawal relationship is -0.250 and the relationship between marital adjustment with mutual avoidance relationship is -0.115, which shows that the relationship between them is a negative and inverse relationship, in the sense that with the increase of marital adjustment in a person Expectation/withdrawal relationship and mutual avoidance relationship will be less; Therefore, with 99% certainty, it was determined that there is a relationship between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism, and the components of couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. In the following, we will examine the prediction of marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and the components of communication patterns: Table 4. Regression model summaryAccording to the results of Table 4, the value of the multiple correlation coefficient (R) calculated between the criterion variable entered into the model and the predictor variables is equal to 0.48, the value of the explanatory coefficient is equal to 0.23, that is, about 23% of the changes in the variable. The criterion is explained by these variables (Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and components of communication patterns) entered into the model; And the rest of the variable changes are explained by other variables that the researcher did not consider and did not enter into the model, and the value of the adjusted explanation coefficient is equal to 21190. In the following, to check the significance of the regression, that is, the test of how the predictor variables can predict the criterion variable, we refer to the analysis of variance and significance F test. The results of this analysis are shown in Table 5:Table 5. Calculation results of analysis of variance testAccording to the results of Table 5, the obtained F is 28.44 at the significance level of 0.01; And this means that, firstly, the regression was significant and secondly, at least one of the predictor variables was effective in predicting the criterion variable. To determine the coefficients of the regression equation, the regression coefficients and dependent T-test were used, the results of this study are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Regression coefficients and T-test results related to predictor variablesThe results of Table 6 show that the variables of Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns all have an effect on marital adjustment, in such a way that the share of the Islamic lifestyle variable is 0.75%, the share of the perfectionism variable is 0.29%, and the share of the mutual constructive relationship component is 0.21%. 0 percent, the share of the expectation/withdrawal relationship component is negative 0.21 percent, the share of the mutual avoidance relationship component is negative 0.11 percent.discussionThe purpose of this research was to predict marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. The results of data analysis showed that Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns can predict marital adjustment. These findings are in line with the results of the researches of Muttajbian and Rezaei Dehnavi (2019), Farmani and Aflak Sir (2018), Sayedi and Shah Nazari (2018), Besharat and et al (2018), Nazari and Karbalai Mohammad Migouni (2020), Gingras et al. (2021) are consistent. The results of the mentioned research also confirm that the marital adjustment of couples is affected by personality traits, communication patterns, lifestyle and communication skills between couples.One of the most important findings of the current research was that the Islamic lifestyle has a positive effect on the marital adjustment of married cultural workers in Khomein. From this finding, it can be concluded that the Islamic lifestyle has been able to act as a suitable framework in the form of behavioral patterns for the growth and excellence of man and guiding him towards a healthy life. On the other hand, according to Islamic sources, the Islamic lifestyle encourages people to be more adaptable and increase successful patterns of conflict resolution. In the explanation of the above findings, it can be said that religious beliefs, including anti-divorce beliefs and trusting that God supports married life, affect marital adjustment. In addition, another reason is the emphasis that Islam places on mutual relations between spouses, and several verses in the Qur'an refer to this issue. Among them: forgiveness (Baqarah (23), giving gifts, An-Nasa, (4) good behavior (Nasa, 19, 15, 20), encouraging conformity (Nasa, 128), non-aggression (Al-Imran, 159) and remembering God in all Affairs (Raad, 28).Another finding of the present study was that perfectionism predicts marital adjustment. From this finding, it can be concluded that as the sense of human perfectionism increases, marital adjustment decreases and as a result, marital inadjustment increases and vice versa. In explaining the above hypothesis, it can be said that perfectionism is a constant source of stress that often leaves a person with a feeling of failure. Perfectionists force themselves to be perfect. This positive and continuous expectation is considered a source of stress and affects maladaptive coping methods. On the other hand, research has shown that perfectionism interferes with close and interpersonal relationships (Foo et al, 2017). Perfectionism is an abnormal pattern of behavior. This abnormal pattern of behavior can lead to marital problems and dissatisfaction with marital relationships and become a permanent source of stress that often leaves a person with a feeling of failure. As a result, perfectionists report much less satisfaction with their marital relationships.Also, the results showed that marital adjustment can be predicted based on communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. In justifying the positive effect of mutual constructive communication on marital adjustment, it can be said that if in the relationship between a husband and wife, the pattern of communication between them is constructive and reciprocal, the level of marital adjustment between them both increases and they are more companionable than each other. They move towards each other; As a result, the distance between them decreases. In fact, when a clear, open and calculated communication is established, the relations are strengthened and when the communication is weak, these relations fall apart. The lack of proper listening and communication skills causes a feeling of lack of love between husband and wife, which naturally affects adjustment. In justifying the negative effect of expectation/withdrawal relationship on marital adjustment, it can be said that if in a marital relationship a man has expectations from his wife and a woman withdraws and has the first and last word in a man's relationship, the level of marital adjustment between them will decrease. and they go towards the distance because when the woman is made insignificant in the relationship, the marital adjustment decreases and she moves towards the distance from the man and distance, and also the marital adjustment between them decreases. Also, whatever relationship between the husband and wife in the marital relationship is such that the woman expects and the man withdraws, i.e. a pattern in which one of the spouses avoids discussion and the other blames or complains and there is feminism in the home. Marital adjustment decreases between them because the relationship between these two variables is negative. In justifying the negative effect of mutual avoidance on marital adjustment, it can be said that if the relationship between husband and wife is mutual avoidance, the amount of marital adjustment between husband and wife will decrease and both will move towards avoidance. Farmanfar & Aflaksair, 2019). LimitationsAmong the limitations of the present study, the following can be mentioned: the sample of the present study consisted of married women working in the cultural field of Khomein city, who have different characteristics in terms of cultural, social and economic aspects; Variables such as the number of children are not controlled, which may play a mediating role in the relationship between the main research variables; And finally, the use of self-assessment tools and the impossibility of qualitative evaluation may have caused an increase in bias in the answers, especially the questionnaire of communication patterns. SuggestionsAccording to the results of the research and the mentioned limitations, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other regions of the country with different and cultural groups, married and unmarried, with the control of more variables in order to obtain more accurate and generalizable results in the future research. Also, other information gathering tools such as interviews were used in relation to factors affecting marital compatibility. FundingThe current research is based on the master's thesis of the first author "Mina Dari" without financial support. Ethics Approval and Consent to ParticipateThe cooperation of the participants in the current research was voluntary and their informed consent was declared. It was also emphasized on the necessity of confidentiality of participants' information. Conflict of interestsAccording to the authors, this article has no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe hereby express my gratitude to the supervisor and all the people who helped me in this research. ReferencesBesharat M. A., & Kashanki, H. (2018). Perfectionism Dimensions and Interpersonal Problems: Gender Differences. Rooyesh, 6 (4) :73-92. http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-707-fa.html [Persian].Fallahchai, R., Fallahi, M., Moazenjami, A., & Mahoney, A. (2021). Sanctification of marriage, religious coping and marital adjustment of Iranian couples. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 43(2), 121-134.https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672421996826Farmani, Z., & Aflak Sir, A. (2019). Examining the role of family communication patterns on the marital adjustment of married female students. Quarterly Journal of Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology (JARAC ), 1(2), 1-12. http://jarac.iranmehr.ac.ir/article-1-31-fa.html [Persian].Foo, F. M., Hassan, S. A., Talib, M. A., & Zakaria, N. S. (2017). Perfectionism and marital satisfaction among graduate students: A multigroup invariance analysis by counseling help-seeking attitudes. Polish Psychological Bulletin.DOI - 10.1515/ppb-2017-0034Gingras, A. S., Lessard, I., Mallette, F., Brassard, A., Bernier‐Jarry, A., Gosselin, P., & de Pierrepont, C. (2021). Couple adaptation to the birth of a child: the roles of attachment and perfectionism. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47(3), 581-594.https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12453Gopal, C. R., & Valarmathi, D. (2020). Marital adjustment and Their Relationship To Personality Among Arranged Marriage Couples And Love Marriage Couples–A Pilot Study. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 23, 231-503.http://dx.doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231503Haidari, A., & Dehghani, H. (2021). Qualitative analysis of the employment consequences of married women and its moderating factors (case study of education teachers of Delawar city). Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, 3(8), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.22080/ssi.2017.1422 [Persian].Hasani-Moghadam, S., Ganji, J., Sharif Nia, H., Aarabi, M., & Khani, S. (2019). Factors Associated with Iranian Couple's Communication Patterns: A Scoping Review . J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, 29 (177), 222-239. URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-13401-fa.html [Persian].Kaviani, M. (2011). Quantification and measurement of Islamic lifestyle. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(2), 27-44. https://www.sid.ir/paper/99422/fa [Persian].Montajabian, Z., & Rezai- Dehnavi, S. (2021). The effectiveness of metacognitive interpersonal therapy on improving couples' dysfunctional communication patterns and increasing marital adjustment. Rooyesh, 10(8), 148-135.  http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-2770-fa.html [Persian].Nazari, R., & Karbalaie Mohammad Meigooni, A. (2017). Structural model of perfectionism, psychological well-being and marital adjustment. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 411-432. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.4.6.9 [Persian].Nazari, R., & Karbalaie Mohammad Meigooni, A. (2017). Structural model of perfectionism, psychological well-being and marital adjustment. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 411-432. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.4.6.9 [Persian].SalamAbadi, M., Kalantarkosheh, S. M., & Shafiabadi, A. (2014). Compilation of marital adjustment model according to the Islamic lifestyle and perfectionism of middle school teachers in Birjand. journal of Counseling Research, 52, 51-73. http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-110-fa.html [Persian].Sayedi, S. Z., & Shah Nazari, M. (2018). Prediction of sexual satisfaction of married women based on marital adjustment, communication patterns and emotional regulation. Rooyesh, 8 (9) 188, -179. http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-1452-fa.html [Persian].Spanier, G. B., & Thompson, L. (1982). A confirmatory analysis of the dyadic adjustment scale. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 731-738.https://doi.org/10.2307/351593Stoeber, J., & Harvey, L. N. (2016). Multidimensional sexual perfectionism and female sexual function: A longitudinal investigation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45, 2003-2014.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0721-7.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - The relationship between attachment styles, emotional schemas and rumination with non-suicidal self-harm among divorced women
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One of the topics that has occupied the minds of most thinkers and even the public in recent years is the issue of divorce. Currently, this phenomenon in Iran is a social problem and has created many problems for individuals and families facing divorce. According to the More

One of the topics that has occupied the minds of most thinkers and even the public in recent years is the issue of divorce. Currently, this phenomenon in Iran is a social problem and has created many problems for individuals and families facing divorce. According to the nature of the subject and the desired goals, the present research is correlational descriptive research. The current research population includes all women who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 1402. From among them, 300 people were selected through targeted and available sampling. Using Nolen Hoeksma and Maro's rumination questionnaire, self-harm (masochism) questionnaire, Leahy's emotional schema standard questionnaire and Collins and Ray's adult attachment style questionnaire and data analysis, it was determined that there is a difference between secure attachment style and non-suicidal self-harm in Divorced women have a significant negative correlation. There is a positive and significant correlation between anxious insecure attachment style, rumination, neurotic defense mechanism and underdeveloped defense mechanism with non-suicidal self-harm in divorced women, and there is no significant correlation between avoidant insecure attachment style and non-suicidal self-harm in divorced women. As a result, considering the family problems in the society and the increase in the rate of divorce, identifying the influential and related factors and planning trainings based on these findings can be effective in preventing non-suicidal thoughts and acts of self-harm. Manuscript profile

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164 - Predicting the quality of married life based on Iranian-Islamic lifestyle and communication patterns of female teachers
milad solgi

Purpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the relationship between the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle and the relationship pattern with the quality of married life. Method: In terms of purpose, the present research is part of applied resea More

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165 - The effect of family-centered problem solving training on the mental well-being of infertile women
keivan kakabraee neda Heydarian

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Female infertility has devastating psychosocial consequences in the family and the use of psychological intervention to deal with this stressful situation is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family-based problem solving trainin More

Female infertility has devastating psychosocial consequences in the family and the use of psychological intervention to deal with this stressful situation is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family-based problem solving training on mental well-being of infertile women in Kermanshah. The quasi-experimental method was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included infertile women referring to infertility centers in Kermanshah; they were selected by purposive sampling method of 30 people and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (15 people). Data was gathered through mental well-being measures including life satisfaction (Diner, 1985) and positive and negative emotions (Watson, 1988). First, the tools were completed by two experimental and control groups, then the experimental group received ten one-hour sessions problem-solving training, after the training, the post-test was performed and the data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that the pretest-posttest values in the experimental group were significantly different compared to the control group. The findings of this study showed that problem solving training increased life satisfaction and positive emotion and decreased negative emotion in infertile women. Therefore family-based problem-solving education as coping strategy is effective in promoting the mental health of infertile women Manuscript profile

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166 - Exploring the Effect of lived experience of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle on the emotional atmosphere of the family from the perspective of young married women
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10.30495/iifs.2022.695082

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the effect of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle experience on the emotional atmosphere of the family from the perspective of young married women. Method: This qualitative research was done based on the phenomenological More

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Open Access Article

167 - Investigation the effectiveness of support group therapy by reality therapy approach on emotional control of divorced women victims of domestic violence
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This research aimed to investigation the effectiveness of support group therapy by reality therapy approach on emotional control of divorced women victims of domestic violence. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control gro More

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168 - Predicting the marital burnout based on perceived social support and use of virtual network in married women
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169 - Comparison the quality of life and social well-being in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization therapy and fertile women
Ali Farnam Fatemeh Maghsoodlo Roya Mohammadi

Present research aimed to comparison the quality of life and social well-being in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization therapy and fertile women. This study was a descriptive from type of comparative. The research population was women referred to Zahedan in More

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170 - Analyzing the relationship between social health, communication skills and life with women's social security
Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid narges tamadini hassan asazadhe

Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of More

Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Manuscript profile

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Elham Maleki Parvaneh Glard Seyed Sobhan Lavasani Seyed Ahmad hosseinigolafshani

The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for the transition of female managers through glass celling. Therefore, the present study is a qualitative research that has been done with a content analysis approach. After reviewing the theoretical foundations More

The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for the transition of female managers through glass celling. Therefore, the present study is a qualitative research that has been done with a content analysis approach. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and existing models, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 18 experts in the field of empowerment, and then using an open and centralized coding strategy, the effective factors were counted and finally the framework was presented. Based on the findings, a theoretical model including 6 themes of glass celling effect, understanding of glass roof, effective factors, strategies and characteristics, transformational leadership and easy exit explains the career path of women according to There is a glass roof to reach senior management. The research findings show that female managers show transformative leadership behaviors and most importantly, the female instinct of female managers is in accordance with transformational leadership behaviors. As a result, women are more affected by individual barriers and are able to overcome the barriers of the glass ceiling by relying on their feminine instincts. Decreased productivity in a group that believes in obstacles to their progress; Increased stress and job pressure; Increase the likelihood of resignation and departure of employees who believed in the glass roof; Reduce work and organizational commitment; Decreased work motivation; Feelings of hopelessness are the consequences of believing in a glass celling. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Policy making and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowerment and sustainable employment.
Bahareh Roozikhah Bahram Ghadmimi mehrdad navabakhsh

Purpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. More

Purpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. Method: The research method is a correlational survey. Population and sample: The statistical population of female heads of households in Tehran covered by the country's welfare organization during the years 2015 to 2019 is 700 people, and 248 people were studied by proportional random method and using Cochran's formula. Instrument: The measuring instrument was researcher-made questionnaires. Validity and reliability: The validity of the instrument was calculated and confirmed through face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha. Findings: Pearson's correlation coefficient results indicated the existence of a direct relationship between individual-social socialization training and its components with women's empowerment and sustainable employment. The results of multiple regression and path analysis also showed: teaching awareness of the rights of others with the effect (0.49), social participation with the effect (0.423), dialogue and understanding training with the effect (0.246), responsibility training with The effect (0.206), teaching the obligation to obey the law with the effect (0.2), teaching adherence to obligations with the effect (0.106) and teaching respect for the rights of others with the effect (0.076) in total lead to empowerment. And the stable employment of female heads of the household is covered by the welfare organization of Tehran city, which has the greatest effect on the education of awareness of the rights of others and the education of social participation. In total, the effect of all factors explains 55% of women's empowerment and sustainable employment. Conclusion: In accordance with the welfare organization's policies, individual and social socialization training for women can be effective in their empowerment and sustainable employment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - The effect of educational institutions on improving the status of women in the Qajar period
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi hamid saidi javadi

The status of women in the Qajar period was such that they were deprived of the smallest social, economic, cultural and political rights and were under severe restrictions caused by the patriarchal society. One of the most important reasons that put women in that situat More

The status of women in the Qajar period was such that they were deprived of the smallest social, economic, cultural and political rights and were under severe restrictions caused by the patriarchal society. One of the most important reasons that put women in that situation was illiteracy, lack of awareness and lack of communication with society. For this reason, one of the first measures taken by modern women was the construction of girls' schools and efforts to educate girls and women. Although the establishment of girls' schools in that environment was met with protest and reaction from the traditional society, but gradually, especially after the constitutional revolution, it spread and had beneficial effects on the status of women. The aim of the current research is to investigate the results and consequences of the establishment and gradual expansion of educational institutions on the status of women at this stage. Therefore, the question is, what effect did educational institutions have on the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that educational institutions, including girls' schools, have caused literacy and, as a result, the growth of awareness, change of attitude and efforts to play a greater role for women in society. The findings of the research show that the submissive and undemanding women of the Qajar period, upon entering the Pahlavi period, turned into demanding women who raised demands such as the right to enter society and employment. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected in a library manner. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Creative attitude in the function of the Internet in Iranian women
Fatemeh Esmaeili Rozita Sepehrnia

Background: The Internet is a global database. Internet users into virtual space, with a vast and wonderful world of correctly then it must encountered negative and positive functions and learn to recognize it. Objectives:The aim of this study is to understand the attit More

Background: The Internet is a global database. Internet users into virtual space, with a vast and wonderful world of correctly then it must encountered negative and positive functions and learn to recognize it. Objectives:The aim of this study is to understand the attitude of the experts in identifying women negative and positive functions of the Internet in Iran.Methodology: The research is combined through Q-methodology, 42 experts were selected purposefully, then achieved through interviews and questionnaires, attitude surveys and content and face validity for Evaluation and its reliability was confirmed by experts. The data collected were analyzed through factor analysis Cave.Results: The results showed that women with positive and negative functions of the Internet, the five components of the index priority in the use of the Internet for " Searching ", the consequences of social network index of "News of the Gatekeeping News" in computer games "individualism in the family", in blogs components "easy access" and in the forum "social interaction" is introduced.ConclusionS: Due to the growing importance of information and communication technologies in the global market and the presence of women in society as more and more Internet users Negative and positive functions it should also be considered to allow for optimal use and reduce the negative impact it has appropriate planning and policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - An investigation into obstacles to entrepreneurship among educated women
Ali Rabiee Zahra Nazarian

  Background: In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. Purpose: This research is an a More

  Background: In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. Purpose: This research is an applied study, and the nature of the study is descriptive and survey; and has been done to identify the main barriers that women entrepreneurs educated in Iran. Method: Beginning through exploratory interviews with 20 experts identified major barriers and then designed Likert questionnaire included 36 questions. The population consisted of 30 women who were educated and 80 faculty members are experts. Friedman test was used for subsequent data analysis Result (s): The analysis of the data showed that individual barriers and cultural barriers are important to women's entrepreneurship. Also, gender discrimination in the workplace, fear of failure, conjunction corporate affairs and family issues, inconsistency role expectations, bureaucracy and provide initial capital and liquidity requirements are the main causes. Conclusion: Due to the growing women with tertiary education, special attention should be given to these individuals to meet the challenges of entrepreneurship.             Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Hardiness with Marital Intimacy in Married Women of Qom City
Monireh Nekokerdaran Mahshid Izadi Mojgan Mardani

Purpose: Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.Methodology: The present study was More

Purpose: Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.Methodology: The present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was married women who referred to Sadra counseling center in Qom city in 2020 year with number of 240 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 144 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instruments were the scales of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), psychological hardiness (Lang, Goulet and Amsel, 2003) and marital intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-21 software.Findings: The findings showed that psychological well-being (and all six components including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environment mastery, purpose in life and personal growth) and psychological hardiness (and all three components including control, commitment and challenge) had a positive and significant relationship with marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001). Also, the variables of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 53%, six components of psychological well-being significantly able to explained 67% and three components of psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 37% of the changes of marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated the positive and significant relationship of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women and their role in explaining their marital intimacy. Therefore, to promote marital intimacy can be improved the psychological well-being and psychological hardiness Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy and (EIS) Model on Marital Satisfaction, Among Pregnant Women
Mohammad Amini Mahmoud Goudarzi Shole Shahgheibi

Purpose: this study was prepared to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy training and EIS model on Marital Satisfaction in pregnant women.Methodology: To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the contro More

Purpose: this study was prepared to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy training and EIS model on Marital Satisfaction in pregnant women.Methodology: To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the control group, 60 people among the statistical population were chosen by considering the criteria which is available in sampling method, and they randomly divided into three groups of 20 (two experimental groups and one control group). The Experimental participants were trained on cognitive-behavioral and EIS model in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training during this time. The tool which is used to collect data in pre-test, post-test were, Enrich Marital Satisfaction .Data were analyzed by using mean, multivariate analysis of covariance.Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral and EIS model approaches on Marital Satisfaction and Its subscales are effective and there is a difference between the effectiveness of these two approaches on mentioned variable. The EIS model had a greater effect on Marital Satisfaction and subscales Personality Issues, marital relationship, Sexual Relationship, Religious Orientation than the cognitive-behavioral approach, But in the financial management subscale, the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral approach was greaterConclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that despite the differences between these two approaches, both are useful in term of Marital Satisfaction and Its subscales. However, due to the greater effectiveness of the EIS model in marital satisfaction and most of its subscales, it can be used during pregnancy besides the other cares. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Systematic Review of Iranian Researches with a Focus on the Effectiveness of Researches Conducted Regarding Working Women
Mehrnaz Azadyekta

The aim of the present study was to systematically review Iranian researches with a focus on effectiveness researches conducted on working women in the period of 2018-2023. This study is a type of secondary research and is considered a systematic review according to the More

The aim of the present study was to systematically review Iranian researches with a focus on effectiveness researches conducted on working women in the period of 2018-2023. This study is a type of secondary research and is considered a systematic review according to the implementation method. Document analysis method was used to collect data, which included all published effectiveness studies (2018-2023) and a total of 45 studies were examined. The information obtained was made by the researcher's checklist tool and the summary of the contents was presented in the form of tables. What emerged from the review of the articles published in the last 5 years was that researchers are looking for positive organizational behavior, which is followed by an increase in the strengthening of employees' psychological resources, and this is while working women, due to the connection with the environment outside the home and On the other hand, they are under a lot of stress due to their maternal responsibility. Therefore, considering the role of women, in society, work-family conflict has negative consequences for the psychosocial health of working women and their families, and it also affects the optimal performance of organizations, hence it is suggested that researches on the effectiveness of work-conflict be carried out in the future. Target the family by emphasizing the role of women and try to improve the psychological condition of working women.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - The effect of compassion and self-esteem group training in transactional analysis on divorce emotionally abused women
Nooshin Fatholahzadeh Simin Eipchi Hagh Nadereh Saadati Seyed Ali Darbani

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group training in transactional analysis on compassion and self-esteem, emotional abused women divorce is done. Quasi-experimental study experimental group pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population in More

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group training in transactional analysis on compassion and self-esteem, emotional abused women divorce is done. Quasi-experimental study experimental group pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population in this study include divorce women referred to family court trial in the summer of 2016 were 2 GUI. After satisfying and ensure the confidentiality of the results of the questionnaire, they were asked to emotional abuse, self-compassion (Neff, 2003) and self-esteem (Cooper-Smith) respond after collecting and analyzing questionnaires filled 48 people score high emotional abuse and low self-esteem and compassion, respectively. After contact with women eligible for the study, only 24 patients referred to the center Mehravar randomly into two groups of 12 subjects were assigned to experimental and control. After the end of treatment to both test and control groups responded to the questionnaire, compassion, and self-esteem. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that transactional analysis psychotherapy training program on self-compassion is affected groups in post-test (F =14.73, P = 0.001). Also, the training of self-esteem (F =11.91, P = 0.003) also increased significantly. Based on the results it can be concluded that transactional analysis psychotherapy training on compassion and self-esteem of women caught Emotional abuse is effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - Analysis of effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province
solieman rasouliazar Arman Kaykhosravi Loghman Rashiedpour

The present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire More

The present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose reliability was obtained by using the pilot test and calculating Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the research was 27,560 rural women of Kurdistan province, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 204. The sample people were selected by stratified random method. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the individual-psychological, economic, socio-cultural, educational, infrastructural and marketing structure with the advantages of entrepreneurship development among the rural women of Kurdistan province. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province, by independent variables, i.e., managerial, social, cultural, educational, economic, infrastructural, individual, psychological, and marketing structures. The multiple correlation coefficients in this research is equal to 0.781. According to the calculated coefficient of determination, the aforementioned constructs were able to determine 61% of changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile

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184 - Women in Sogdian Para-documents
Parisa Derakhshan Moghaddam

10.30495/jaa.2023.1994964.1016

Manuscript profile

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185 - The Effect of Aerobic Step Training on Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Phosphorylated Tau Protein of Elderly Women
fatemeh dehghan haghighi lotfabadi Ali Yaghoubi

10.30495/nssem.2023.1975542.1007

the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided More

the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided into experimental (n=12) or control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed step aerobics training with an intensity of 60 to 70% of heart rate reserve, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma BDNF and tau phosphorylated protein level was measured with an ELISA kit. There was no significant difference between the levels of tau phosphorylated protein in the experimental and control group in different stages (p <0.05); Also, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that despite the decrease in the level of tau phosphorylated protein, but there was no significant difference between the levels of this index in different stages of the study (p = 0.182). The plasma BDNF level of elderly women in the post-test stage (12 weeks) in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.018). Also, plasma BDNF levels after 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group were significantly higher than the pretest (P values were 0.021 and 0.004, respectively).These results suggest that the possible positive effects of exercise in the elderly with reduced cognitive function are not due to a decrease in the phosphorylated Tau protein and that neurogenic pathways are activated in this way. Manuscript profile

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186 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
Masoomeh Azami Najmeh Rezaeian

10.30495/nssem.2022.697800

Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according More

Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - Comparision of the effectiveness of logotherapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran
zahra kashani Abdullah shafe abadi aboalfazl karami

The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of logo-therapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran. For this reason  elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 1 and 12 of Tehran were chosen and tes More

The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of logo-therapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran. For this reason  elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 1 and 12 of Tehran were chosen and tested by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), they were 74 persons.Then 42 women were selected and placed randomly into  tow experimental groups and one control group.One of the experimental groups was given  10 sessions logotherapy counseling and another experimental group was given 8 sessions Fordyce happiness training. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. In order to analyze the collecting data, covariant  and  independent T tests were used.The results shows that: 1.The rate of depression in the group that had been consulted in  logo-therapy sessions is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. 2.The rate of depression in the group that had been taught Fordyce happiness is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. 3.There is no significant difference between effectiveness of  two approach: Logotherapy and Fordyce happiness Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - The investigate and Position of Islamic Azad University on Students as well as Graduates Educated Women
parviz saeidi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of women education on employment and development. The research method is applied and of two procedures descriptive- survey. The subjects are senior female students of all fields and university graduates a More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of women education on employment and development. The research method is applied and of two procedures descriptive- survey. The subjects are senior female students of all fields and university graduates as well. There were 1071 senior female students that 220 students were chosen as sample using Kerjcie and Morgan. There were also 2639 women graduates and the sample was 220 . The questionnaire that was used as a data gathering device was proved reliable using pre test and calculating alpha.  Its validity proved acceptable considering the experts` opinions. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software and the research hypotheses were accepted at 95% level Manuscript profile

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189 - The role of John Begum Shiite
حانیه امینی ابوالحسن فیاض انوش

چکیده [English] One of controversial and most volatile periods of the history of the Middle Iranian, Turkmen government in the ninth century AD, respectively. Turkmen's ruling era is needs attention and care in the sense that women especially of ruling family have had s More

چکیده [English] One of controversial and most volatile periods of the history of the Middle Iranian, Turkmen government in the ninth century AD, respectively. Turkmen's ruling era is needs attention and care in the sense that women especially of ruling family have had special position and dignity in Iran. In this era, not only various social, political and cultural arenas were unfilled but in any of the mentioned circumstances and possibilities, women from the high and low class were active in community. One of khvatyn the index at this time, John Begum Khatun, wife Qaraquyunlu, Jahan in different areas, has had a significant presence .John Begum Khatun Shiite addition to the presence in the political, cultural affairs activities have obvious good name in history, has left Iran Therefore this analysis, description method examines the role of our Turkish Khatun Shah Jahan's reign examines the device key words: women's role, Turkmen, Gharagoyonlo, Ag-goyonlo Manuscript profile

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190 - Examining Three Historical Documents regarding the Trade of Women During the Qajar
BIZHAN Parvan maghsoodali Sadeghi

Abstract: In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to More

Abstract: In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance. There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade. My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents. Manuscript profile

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191 - A study of the legal laws of Zoroastrian women in the first centuries AH,based on the text of the Pahlavi narrative
soheila kamjoo Zahra Hamedi Elham Malekzadeh

Pahlavis narration is a text in Middle Persian with relatively extensive information from religious commentaries and the ritual of Zoroastrian religion is stated in it. The identity of the author and the exact date of writing the text are unknown. But given the specific More

Pahlavis narration is a text in Middle Persian with relatively extensive information from religious commentaries and the ritual of Zoroastrian religion is stated in it. The identity of the author and the exact date of writing the text are unknown. But given the specific content and features of the text, it is almost certain that this writing dates back to the first centuries AH it has been written with the aim of explaining and protecting the teaching of Zoroastrianism. Based on the descriptive analytical method, the present study aims to investigate the situation of women in this Pahlavi text. And it seeks to answer the question of the legal status of Zoroastrian women in the first Islamic centuries according to the text of the Pahlavi narration, how wazs it?studies show that the achievements and legal independence of Sassnid women continue to be valid among Zoroastrian women in the first centuries AH,it was preserved and accepted in the context of womens family life they were not limited to their husbands.the research findings show that the author of the text to compel women to follow the code of the house with a relatively sharp tone in the form of jurisprudential religious injunctions, women have been assigned duties. Manuscript profile

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192 - The role and position of court women in the ottoman endowment system of the Ottoman Empire from the period magnificent of Suleiman to Abdelhamid ii
kobra shavandi AHMAD KAMRANIFAR mohammad reza barani

The Ottoman Empire was one of the most stable Muslim states that ruled over the Islamic world for over six centuries and the culmination of its authority began in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent. In examining the power diagram, court women played a role in various More

The Ottoman Empire was one of the most stable Muslim states that ruled over the Islamic world for over six centuries and the culmination of its authority began in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent. In examining the power diagram, court women played a role in various developments as behind-the-scenes rulers in the form of the sultan's mother or a minor. Among these areas are endowments and charitable affairs. Waqf is an eternal legacy through which good deeds and public benefits continue in society. Examining the history of waqf in the Ottoman Empire without considering the role and status of women is incomplete research. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the activity of court women as influential elements, to provide a clearer picture of the endowment system of that period. Religious tendencies and favorable economic influences of court women caused their social and religious presence in the phenomenon of waqf, especially in the period of Suleiman the Magnificent to the end of the reign of Abdul Hamid II. In this article, as a research issue, we will try to examine the extent of the influence of court women in the Ottoman endowment system according to the mentioned hypotheses. Findings indicate that the positive performance of women in the Ottoman court led to the strengthening and increasing development of the endowment system. The presented materials have been provided in a descriptive-analytical manner and by using valid scientific books and articles. Manuscript profile

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193 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadi

10.30495/hstr.2023.1975830.1816

During the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West rela More

During the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - The Impact of Women's Associations and Organizations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fateme Mahbob Aliasghar davoodi Hamid Saeedi Javadi

10.30495/hstr.2023.1961637.1774

social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's righ More

social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - Analysis and impact of the Achaemenid Empire economy on the legal status of women in Parsa state during the era of Darius I (486-522 BC) based on the tablets of the Persepolis wall
soheila kamjoo amir akbari

The legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women i More

The legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women in Parse state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid. The present study, relying on the analytical descriptive method and using archeological evidence and surviving documents, examines the impact of the economy of the Achaemenid Empire on the legal status of women in the Parsa state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid, and seeks to answer the question that the economy of the empire in What effect has this age had on the legal status of women in Parse state? The findings of the research show the influence of the legal status of women in Parse state on the economic conditions and financial policies in the era of Darius I Achaemenid, which had an impact on the legal beliefs towards women and brought new conditions in terms of citizenship rights for women. In the sense that In the process of economic growth and income distribution, the women of Parse state found a strong motivation for economic participation in royal projects and engaged in productive activities alongside men. Manuscript profile

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196 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Society (Qajar )
Fatemeh Mahboob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadi

10.30495/hstr.2023.1980867.1837

During the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectu More

During the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectual and progressive women to think of asserting women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. For this purpose, women started to establish educational and civic institutions such as girls' schools, associations and women's publications in order to inform women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The current research has proposed the hypothesis that these associations improved the social and political status of women through the development of awareness, change of attitude and giving identity to women. The results of the research show that these associations, by establishing several girls' schools, creating meetings and gatherings, and establishing a publication, have increased the number of literates, increased awareness, changed the attitude and demands of a large number of women, and have provided the prerequisites and conditions for their entry into society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Examining Three Historical Documents regarding the Trade of Women during the Qajar Period in Northern Khurasan
maghsoodali sadeghi bijan parvan

In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off ta More

In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance. There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade. My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents. The manifestation of this issue in northern Khurasan is only a small sample of the unjust situation that existed regarding this issue during those times throughout the whole country; an issue that is referred to as human trafficking or the trade of humans in this day and age.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Sociological Explanation of the Political Participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab Women (A Case Study of Khuzestan Province, 2019)
Sirus Hosseinpour Mohammed Hussain Poryani Hossein Ajdaryzadeh

Women have had a significant role in social changes, particularly political participation, in post-revolution Iran. In this regard, this study aims to achieve the sociological explanation of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab women in Khuzestan provin More

Women have had a significant role in social changes, particularly political participation, in post-revolution Iran. In this regard, this study aims to achieve the sociological explanation of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab women in Khuzestan province in 2019. The study design was descriptive-correlational. The questionnaire was used, the validity and reliability of which were approved under the supervision of experts and Cronbach’s alpha test (0.77), respectively. The population included female citizens over 18 years old and the sample size was calculated 584 based on Cochran’s formula and simple random sampling. The data analysis showed that the mean of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lor women (39.72) was more than Arab women (32.01). Furthermore, the tendency towards political participation among single women (35.01) was more than married women (33.10). Finally, considering the ethnic groups, Bakhtiari Lor women (33.56) had more tendency towards political participation compared with Arab women (27.15). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Identify solutions to overcome barriers to women's job improvement in governmental organizations(Case Study: Tax Qazvin)
Zohreh Maleki Mohammad Ataee

The present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, St More

The present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s job development. The present research was functional in terms of purpose. The data was gathered using questionnaire and simple random sampling of questionnaire and field approach. The sample population in this study consisted of all female employees State Tax Organization of Qazvin and about 123 acceptable samples was collected. The data analysis was done using Chi-Square test and one-sample t-test in SPSS software . The results show that there is a significant relationship between develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s career development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Analysis of family transformations based on women's and men's constructions of these transformations in the transition process of their joint life
Shahnaz Bakhtyari Hossain Abolhasan Tanhaee Mohamad Mehdi Labibi Massam Mousaaei

10.30495/jwsf.2023.1985400.1847

This Research was a descriptive and analytical study that was conducted with the aim of understanding the active constructions of the joint life of men and women from family transformations in the transition process of their joint life. The implementation method was qua More

This Research was a descriptive and analytical study that was conducted with the aim of understanding the active constructions of the joint life of men and women from family transformations in the transition process of their joint life. The implementation method was qualitative and implemented with the help of grounded theory strategy. Based on this method, the researcher collected the required information by referring directly to the participants and analyzed it during the coding process. The statistical population was selected from all the married employees of the free universities of Tehran. The required samples were selected with the help of targeted and accessible sampling. Finally, according to the logic of theoretical saturation, the final sample was determined to be 17 people. The data collection tool was a qualitative interview with open and semi-structured questions. Strauss and Corbin's open, central and selective reasoning was used for data analysis. The analysis of the data showed that the causes of family transformations in the transition process of their joint lives were stated by the couples to be the displacement of the values of the couple and the family and positive and negative external impulses that in the unpredictability and situation- variables occur; However, intervenors such as the quality of privacy within the family were added to the cause. In facing these impulses, couples used different strategies such as future-oriented understanding of the situation, interactive participation, and child-oriented time management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - Identification and Priories of social factors affecting women's job satisfaction (Case Study women employed In Ministry of Education Eslamabad Gharb)
Ali Moradi Laila Dastghaib

10.30495/jwsf.2020.1875303.1391

One of the issues studied by social science thinkers is the study of dissatisfaction among various sections of society, especially working women. This study investigates the social factors affecting the life satisfaction of women working in education in Eslam Abad-e-Gha More

One of the issues studied by social science thinkers is the study of dissatisfaction among various sections of society, especially working women. This study investigates the social factors affecting the life satisfaction of women working in education in Eslam Abad-e-Gharb. The method of this research is applied and due to the Due to the quantitative nature of the study the survey method has been used. The statistical population of women working in education of Eslam Abad-e-Gharb city in 1398 was 1790 people. Using Cochran sampling formula, 384 people were studied by simple random sampling method using a questionnaire. Formal validity was used for the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and multiple Were conducted. The results show that the variables of feeling of security (r = 0.226), social justice (r = 0.450) and the level of trust (r = 0.216) had a significant effect on life satisfaction of women working in education in West Islamabad. the results of the coefficient of determination show that the above three variables together could explain 0.42% of the changes of the dependent variable Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Sexual schemas and sexual satisfaction in fertile and infertile women
Raziyeh Jamaati Ardakani Roya Barzegari Najmeh Nasirpour Majid Soleymani

10.30495/jwsf.2020.1884371.1412

One of the basic needs of every person and an important aspect of cohabitation between couples is sexual need and the quality of its satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison and relationship between sexual schema and sexual satisfaction More

One of the basic needs of every person and an important aspect of cohabitation between couples is sexual need and the quality of its satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison and relationship between sexual schema and sexual satisfaction in fertile and infertile women in Yazd city. This study is a causal-comparative and correlational study in which 273 fertile and infertile women who referred to the mother hospital in Yazd city. They voluntarily responded to women's schema and sexual satisfaction questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS software. Levene’s test was used for testing equality/homogeneity of variance. Independent t test and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used for assessing the significance of the research hypotheses at a p value of lower than.The results showed no significant difference between fertile and infertile women in terms of sexual schemas. However, there was a significant difference between the mean score of sexual satisfaction in fertile women and the mean score of sexual satisfaction in infertile women. There was also a significant relationship between the components of sexual schemas (passionate/romantic and honest/comfortable) on the one hand and sexual satisfaction on the other in fertile and infertile women. The results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that Passionate – Romantic and Open - Direct schema can predict the sexual satisfaction of women. According to the present study, women wich have positive sexual schemas are more satisfied with their marital relationships due to their intimacy, openness and comfort. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - The relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of female employees
Somayeh Latifi fariba karimi

10.30495/jwsf.2020.537784.1139

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of Azad University Branch female employees.  The study conducted in correlational method. The study population consisted of all female employees at Azad Univer More

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of Azad University Branch female employees.  The study conducted in correlational method. The study population consisted of all female employees at Azad University Branch, which includes 110 female individuals. Samples size based on Cochran formula were calculated 75 people, whom were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool for the empowerment of Spritzer (1995) and a questionnaire was made the glass ceiling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient calculated 82.0, 84.0 in order. Analysis of data using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were conducted.  The results showed that there was relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of Empowerment and its components, independence, effectiveness and trust. There was a significant inverse relationship between the individual components of the glass ceiling and the competence of the sense of empowerment, Family barriers with a sense of empowerment and competence, cultural barriers and component of trust, social barriers with a sense of empowerment and its components independence, efficiency, effectiveness and trust. The results of regression indicated that family barriers were predictability of a sense of empowerment of employees. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Internalized Shame of Abused Women
Parisa Amini Ramzan Hasanzadeh

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1908695.1494

Ill-parented women are at risk Among vulnerable group and they have critical problems in some domains such as social, emotional and economic. Yet little has been written about the Internalized shame as one of their big problems. The aim of this study was to evaluat More

Ill-parented women are at risk Among vulnerable group and they have critical problems in some domains such as social, emotional and economic. Yet little has been written about the Internalized shame as one of their big problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on internalized shame in Ill-parented women. In this study which was a Quasi-Experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the sample group was selected by available sampling method from women referred to Tehran’s NGO. Therefore 30 female subjects were chosen randomly and assigned to two control & experimental groups (each with 15 subjects) and were evaluated based on Internalized Shame of women under the Mehr association of Tehran. To assess Internalized Shame, Cook's Internalized Shame Questionnaire was used respectively in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group experienced the treatment based on commitment and acceptance therapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by analysis of Covariance. The results emphasize the importance of this intervention in internalized shame and provide an effective treatment for clinical interventions Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - The Prediction of Grit Based on God Attachment, Life hope, and Happiness in retired women teachers in khominishar city
Elham Rezaei Fatemeh Javadzadeh

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1917302.1521

The aim of this study was to predict Grit  based on attachment to God, life expectancy and happiness in retired female educators of Khomeini Shahr city. The research method was correlational type of prediction and the statistical population included all retired fem More

The aim of this study was to predict Grit  based on attachment to God, life expectancy and happiness in retired female educators of Khomeini Shahr city. The research method was correlational type of prediction and the statistical population included all retired female educators in Khomeini Shahr in 2020, whose number was 167 people. Using Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 113 people according to the statistical population. Finally, the sample size was reduced to 100 people, including statistical loss. Data collection tools included the Grit Questionnaire's Duckworth (2007), the Attachment to God Beck and McDonald's Questionnaire (2004), the Snyder's Life Hope Questionnaire (1991), and the Argyle, Martin, & Croesland's Oxford Questionnaire (1989) Happiness Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) using spss-22 software. The results showed that attachment to God (β = 0.49), happiness (β = 0.23) and life expectancy (β = 0.42) respectively, were 47/5% able to predict the Grit of retired female educators. The results also showed that Sub-component of attachment to God, relationship with God, trust and attention to God, 34/2% were able to predict Grit And Sub-component of life expectancy, factor thinking, and strategic thinking accounted for 37/9% percent of the ability to predict Grit at the significance level of p≤0.01. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - Investigating the effect of The Supportiing Factors and Components of the Mentoring Model the Career Advancement of New Female of Teachers East Azerbayjan Province
Parvaneh Niroomand jafar Ghahramani Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh Alishahi

10.30495/jwsf.2022.1967209.1737

Mentoring is an effective way to promote women's training and professional development, as well as support and empower women and create positive organizational culture change. Historically, in our country, patriarchy is very evident in all social issues, especially in t More

Mentoring is an effective way to promote women's training and professional development, as well as support and empower women and create positive organizational culture change. Historically, in our country, patriarchy is very evident in all social issues, especially in the workplace, and creating opportunities for women's advancement and transformation in organizations requires structural changes. One of the development approaches for women as a valuable strategy is mentoring. The current research has been carried out with the aim of highlighting the importance of mentoring as a mechanism of support and career advancement for women in the country's educational system. A combined method was used to collect data. The findings showed that the supporting factors and components of the model extracted from the confirmatory factor analysis of mentoring effective on the career development of female teachers in the first stage include mentoring characteristics (mentee and mentor), and in the next stage mentoring factors mentoring factors (interpersonal factors, cultural factors, organizational factors and macro factors). Mentoring strategies (individual strategies, organizational strategies and trans-organizational strategies) and mentoring consequences (individual consequences, organizational consequences and trans-organizational consequences) have also been investigated in the extracted model for newly hired female teachers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - The effectiveness of assertiveness skills on the self-esteem and quality of life of ABUSED WOMEN in Yazd
Farzaneh Honarbakhsh Fatemeh-Sadat t Robati

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1922629.1536

have problems with self-esteem and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness skills on the self-esteem and quality of life of abused women women in Yazd. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-t More

have problems with self-esteem and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness skills on the self-esteem and quality of life of abused women women in Yazd. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group a control group. The statistical population of this study included all 89 in Yazd in 2019. 30 female victims were randomly selected as a sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). assertiveness techniques sessions were performed in 8 sessions of 60 minutes for them. But the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Self-Esteem  (Cooper Smith, 1967) and the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (WHO, 1996). SPSS 21 software and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that training in assertiveness techniques can increase self-esteem and quality of life (P <0.001). According to the obtained results, assertive skills can be used to increase the self-esteem and quality of life of injured women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - Explaining the role of the family in the passion for work and activity among female heads of the household
Nowruz Hashemzehi

10.30495/jwsf.2022.1958868.1697

The family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year- More

The family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year-old female heads of households in Qiyamdasht using a survey method and a questionnaire tool and a sample size of 100 people by systematic sampling. Validity was confirmed by the judgment of experts and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that 14% of the women are illiterate, their fathers' occupational status is low, but they themselves wished for an average occupational status and 87% had a high job enthusiasm. Tailoring, hairdressing, carpet weaving, cooking, sales have been among the most important areas of their desire to be employed.There is a relationship between father's and mother's education, as well as the suitable age for marriage of daughters from the mother's point of view, with women's career aspirations, but there is a correlation between the length of time the parents have lived in Tehran, the suitable age for the daughter's marriage from the father's point of view, and monthly expenses. Family, father's occupational status, work motivation and women's success were not confirmed by their career enthusiasm. None of the family characteristics had any effect on women's job enthusiasm.Empowering women requires transformation in all relevant institutions. To reduce women's problems, entrepreneurship and job creation should be prioritized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - Controlling, preventing and combating violence against women in Iranian laws
Amirreza Mahmoudi Haleeh Majidi

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1917702.1523

Violence against women, in addition to the harm done to the victim and its short-term and long-term effects on the lives of victims, due to the status and legal position of women in any society, has many political, economic and social consequences. Therefore, considerin More

Violence against women, in addition to the harm done to the victim and its short-term and long-term effects on the lives of victims, due to the status and legal position of women in any society, has many political, economic and social consequences. Therefore, considering all its negative effects in various fields and consequently, the emergence of legal problems and difficulties in relation to this phenomenon, it is important to know the relevant laws regarding the control, prevention and confrontation with this problem. In this regard, this study first examines the existing laws and regulations related to combating and controlling violence against women in the relevant laws of Iran and by pointing to the existence of inflation in this area and through the challenging the existing gaps and shortcomings and lack of Necessary coordination between the legislative, executive and judicial bodies in relation to the issue and even expressing the strengths of the existing laws, has discussed the issue and has come to the conclusion that the adoption and implementation of the laws without comprehensive consideration or the adoption and implementation of the laws without paying attention to their effects not only has not helped the prevention and prevent and combat with violence against women, but also violated their rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

210 - The role of personality traits of Asia in the decline of Pharaoh's rule
Ahmad Amiri Ahad davari chelaghaei

10.30495/jwsf.2022.1950218.1647

The Holy Qur'an considers women as influential in the destiny of society as men, so it mentions some of their characteristics and enumerates some of their doctrinal, moral and behavioral points. It narrates a sensitive and influential stage of her life that shows the im More

The Holy Qur'an considers women as influential in the destiny of society as men, so it mentions some of their characteristics and enumerates some of their doctrinal, moral and behavioral points. It narrates a sensitive and influential stage of her life that shows the important role of women in socio-political issues. The present study seeks to explain the role of personality traits in the decline of Pharaoh's rule and the victory of Prophet Moses (pbuh) by analyzing the verses related to the Prophet (pbuh) and using historical, narrative and interpretive sources. Findings show that Hazrat Asiya (PBUH) was the instrument of realization of the divine will in saving the life of Moses (PBUH) and had an active and insightful presence in the socio-political arenas and as one of the closest people to Pharaoh, with faith in Moses (PBUH) ), Has broken the majesty of Pharaoh and is a model for all men and women of his time and later ages, in free thinking and intellectual independence and not being affected by environmental corruption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

211 - Comparing the level of adherence of young women of Turkish and Kurdish ethnicities to national and ethnic identities
Maria Pashaei hadollah jafar pour Davood Ebrahimpour

10.30495/jwsf.2022.1959097.1702

The condition for the survival and cultural continuity of societies is the cohesion and integration of people who consider their identity roots to belong to that culture. Identification and alignment with collective identities such as national identity and ethnic identi More

The condition for the survival and cultural continuity of societies is the cohesion and integration of people who consider their identity roots to belong to that culture. Identification and alignment with collective identities such as national identity and ethnic identity are important among women who are both half of the population and play an important role in identifying the other half. The general purpose of this study was to determine the degree of adherence of young Turkish and Kurdish women in the cities of Tabriz and Buchan to national and ethnic identity. The research method was correlational survey. The statistical population included the youth of 18 to 30 years old in Tabriz and Buchan and the sample size consisted of 384 and 380 people, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the level of adherence to national identity among young Turkish and Kurdish women in Tabriz and Buchan is high and there is no significant difference between them. Adherence to national and ethnic identities among young Turkish and Kurdish women reflects the rich roots of ethnic and national identity in Iranian society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - Presenting a model and explaining the solutions for popularizing women's sports, from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad
Fahimeh Rivadeh Mohamad ali Ghare Elham Karimi torghabe Rahele Kardavani

10.30495/jwsf.2022.1951435.1653

Abstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the r More

Abstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the research, using library including, 45 related articles and in-depth interviews with 20 professional and scientific ome elements were extracted, grouped and indentified as…elements of obstacles and solutions for popularization of women's sports. Theme analysis was used. The output of this step was to identify 34 solutions. Convergent and divergent validity was used to determine the validity, which yielded results and coefficients above 70%. The results showed that the development of sports among women requires the improvement of social beliefs, a fair and equitable view in the staff, a sense of women's desire for sports and the implementation of motivational plans. Implementation of projects such as leisure festivals and the Joy and Health Cup should be better planned for women to increase women's interest in sports. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - An Absolute Power of Attorney of Woman in Divorce: Creating a balance in the effect of the couple's will in divorce
Negar Shomali

10.30495/jwsf.2023.1970933.1755

In contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the curr More

In contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the current research is based on the etiology statement of the necessity of the woman's absolute power of attorney in divorce, the possibility or impossibility of the woman's power of attorney, the evolution of divorce regulations in Iranian law, and finally, the interpretation of the couple's will regarding the power of the woman in divorce. Also, in the field of theoretical framework, before dealing with the approach of the legislator of our country, the views of jurisprudence against and in favor, which have been effective in the formation of the legislative attitude, have been carefully considered. Acknowledging the absolute right of a woman in divorce as a way to adjust the right to unilaterally dissolve the marriage contract compensates for some of the shortcomings of women's rights and also frees her from an inappropriate marriage; the maximum form of representation in divorce for a woman is representation that Based on that, the occurrence of divorce or its non-occurrence is granted to the woman In order for her to have independent authority, there is not any necessity  to be a condition as the cause of divorce or the need to confirm it by the court. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - The effectiveness of resilience training in reducing depression and anxiety in injured women kept in the welfare of Tabriz city
ali hajizadeh vahid kodaimajd

10.30495/jwsf.2020.673380

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness learning of resilient in reducing depression and anxiety in women affected by welfare. Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women More

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness learning of resilient in reducing depression and anxiety in women affected by welfare. Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women injured in the welfare of Tabriz city in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by multi-stage random sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (15 subjects for each group). The experimental group was exposed to resilient training and was not provided for the control group. Beck and Clark Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data. Data analysis was done by statistical analysis of covariance. The results of this study showed that resiliency education has an effect on depression and anxiety of injured women in well-being, which can reduce anxiety and depression in women. Therefore, attention to resilient learning has an important role in reducing the psychological problems of women.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - Relationship Between Ecological Awareness and Paddy -Field Knowledge of Women in Bandar- E Anzali With Sustainable Agriculture Critea
H. Chaharsougi-Amin S.M. Mirdamadi

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between ecological awareness and rice-field knowledge of paddy field women in Bandar- E Anzali and sustainable agriculture criteria observation extent. The research method used descriptive-analytic that is perfor More

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between ecological awareness and rice-field knowledge of paddy field women in Bandar- E Anzali and sustainable agriculture criteria observation extent. The research method used descriptive-analytic that is performed relative – causal method. The population included paddy field women, over 25 years old in two region. In this research, 275 women were selected with systematic sampling method. Instruments reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS/win. The descriptive findings showed that the research's paddy field women have good knowledge regarding ecological awareness and rice-field. Also, they are observing sustainability criteria in farming approximately. The analytic finding showed that there exists significant difference (%1) between the mean of observing sustainability criteria in farming, level of education, kind of ownership to field-rice and kind of used seed. Also, there exists positive significant correlation (p=%99) between age, past record paddy field, the measure of social participation, paddy field annual income, ecological awareness and paddy field knowledge and observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. But there exists negative significant correlation (p=%99) between the measure of paddy field participation and number of member household and observing sustainability criteria in farming. The measure of rice production and paddy field annual income as independent variable have maximum role and rate in analyzing of dependent variable.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - The Perspective of Female National Hero Athlete about Gender Inequality in Sport
Masoumeh Nazari azad Akbar Talebpour Majid Kashani

10.30495/jss.2020.1909576.1238

Consideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of co More

Consideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of consciousness of the thirty Wright Mills, Collins Contradiction Theory, Bloomberg Gender Inequality Theory, Chapters Gender Equality Theory, Gender Equity Theory and Physiological Barriers Theory is based on an analytical model to explain the perception of gender inequality in sport. Based on research model, independent variables, socio- Economic, values and norms Social, pattern of parents, type of exercise, women, women's education, using the media as dependent variables affecting the perception of inequality in sports were selected. The method of this study was to use a survey method among female athletes at the national and transnational level as a statistical population. 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the research were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed variables; socio-economic status, social values and norms, parental modeling, women's education and media use respectively The most effect on the dependent variable has been investigated and, in total, more than 48% of the variations of the function variable have been explained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Investigating the relationship between relative deprivation and quality of life With an emphasis on physical well-being in the era of Covid-19 )Case study: female citizens living in Tehran(
Leila sadat Fenderesi Afsaneh Edrisi Maysam Mousaei

10.30495/jss.2023.1971144.1507

  Investigating justice in gender relations is one of the most complex concepts in recent decades, the importance of which has been recognized by international organizations for social, human development and quality of life. This article is looking for an answer to More

  Investigating justice in gender relations is one of the most complex concepts in recent decades, the importance of which has been recognized by international organizations for social, human development and quality of life. This article is looking for an answer to the question of what the feeling of relative deprivation has to do with the  quality of life of women. The statistical population was made up of women aged 18 and over who lived in Tehran in 1400. Survey research method and information has been collected by face-to-face interview technique in the form of a questionnaire. The sample size is 404 people and the samples have been selected from five regions by random urban block sampling method. To judge the hypotheses, correlation coefficient test (Pearson, Spearman), independent F, correlation T and univariate regression were used. Findings show: variables (age, level of education, number of family members, income, marital status, family forms) are not significant with quality of life. But as the feeling of relative deprivation increases, the quality of life decreases and vice versa. Also, the physical well-being of women has decreased during the outbreak of Covid-19. So it can be said: the basic core of the feeling of relative deprivation, which is justice, strongly affects the quality of life of women. The feeling of injustice is the result of a deep gap between subjectivity and external reality. Of course, the feeling of deprivation is reduced by changing the conditions and providing information in order to correct mentalities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - The role of social factors in women's tendency to crime in Tabriz prison
Mahmood Elmi Nematollah Tagavi Solmaz Kazemifard

The present study aims at investigation the role of social factors in the tendency of women to crime in Tabriz prison in 1388. The theories used in this study are: Hirsch's control, David Matzo's inhibition and neutralization, Sutherland's differential companion, Parson More

The present study aims at investigation the role of social factors in the tendency of women to crime in Tabriz prison in 1388. The theories used in this study are: Hirsch's control, David Matzo's inhibition and neutralization, Sutherland's differential companion, Parsonez's Anomy and social non organizational.                                                                                              The method of the study is non experimental and comparative. The participants are 50 women in Tabriz prison and 50 normal women out of prison which are chosen by random sampling.  The validity of the study is determined by content validity and the reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha is more than 0.7 for all of the variables. The obtained results from dependant t-test revealed that, there is a significant difference between religious adherence, behavioral disorders' of friends and behavioral disorders' of family of women in the prison and normal women of the city. But there is no difference in family control methods of women in the prison or in the city. Generally it can be concluded that among the most effective social factors, low religious adherence, high behavioral disorders of friends and family are significant in the tendency of women to crime.                Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Evaluation of job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz
Pari Fathipour Samad Rasoulzadeh Aghdam

The aim of this study was to investigate the job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. The study population consisted of all married women employed in state institutions of Tabriz. The sample size determined by Cochran for More

The aim of this study was to investigate the job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. The study population consisted of all married women employed in state institutions of Tabriz. The sample size determined by Cochran formula was 278 and the sampling method used to find respondents was Simple Random method. Measurement tool was Carlson’s et al (2000) multi-dimensional 18-points Questionnaire of work-family conflict.  The data were analyzed by spss19 using Pearson correlation and analysis of variances to test hypothesis. Research results indicate that, total work-family conflict is different due to job type and education of respondents. The average of total work-family conflict between service jobs and under bachelor’s degree is higher than the other respondents. The correlation between work-family conflict and job experience is not significant. On the other hand the correlation between work-family conflict and income is reverse and significant.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

220 - Phenomenological Analysis of the of Tabriz Women’s Tendency to Facebook Social Network
Samad Razoulzadeh Aghdam Samad Adlipour Hakimeh Malek Ahmadi

At present time, with the outstanding entry of women and girls in the virtual space, internet and cyber social networks have had a lot of effects on them. One of the most important effects can be considered as the process of “womanization” (feminization) of More

At present time, with the outstanding entry of women and girls in the virtual space, internet and cyber social networks have had a lot of effects on them. One of the most important effects can be considered as the process of “womanization” (feminization) of modern media. Womenization (feminization) refers to the process of qualitative and quantitative expansion of the presence, roles, and influences of women and their desires, interests, and characteristics in different dimension and grounds of social, economic, political, and cultural life of the contemporary society. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the reasons for the presence of Tabriz women and girls in Facebook Social Network. The present study was conducted using the qualitative method and employing the phenomenological approach.The technique of deep semi-structured interview was employed for collecting data. Tabriz women aged from 18 to 30 years who were users of Facebook for at least two years were selected as the population. In fact, 16 women of these users were selected as sample using the purposive sampling method. From theanalysis of participants’ interviews, five major themes extracted as: “breakdown of limitations of the real world”, “breakdown of mental and personal limits”, “utilization of potentials of Facebook”, “not being behind of the caravan of technology”, and “adventure andcuriosity”. These five themes can be discussed in the components of “elimination of experienced and perceived limits” and “obtaining new opportunities”.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

221 - The comparison of employed and unemployed women's marital adjustment in Mahabad and related factors of it
Nemattollah Taghavi Samad Sabbagh Hesam Nasiri

The purpose of this study is to compare the marital adjustment of employed and unemployed women and related factors of it in Mahabad .The method of the study is survey. The population of this research is all employed and unemployed married women aged 15 to 64 years old More

The purpose of this study is to compare the marital adjustment of employed and unemployed women and related factors of it in Mahabad .The method of the study is survey. The population of this research is all employed and unemployed married women aged 15 to 64 years old in city of Mahabad in 91-92 who are 46625 people. The Sample size using Cochran formula was 380 people and the samples were selected by multi-cluster sampling technique to systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire by Khodayarifard which its reliability coefficient estimated as 0/96using cronbach Alpha. In order to analyze data from two independent groups t-test was used. The main research hypothesis was confirmed with the amount of error of %5 and % 95 significancy levels. The results indicate that employed women's marital adjustment is more than unemployed women.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - The comparative study of consuming lifestyle between employed and housewives in Miyaneh
Morsal Shokri Mohammad Abbaszadeh

Lifestyle is one of the most important phenomena in present investigations that mentions the collections of behaviors, patterns and people or groups’ way of thinking in life. These reasons cause the difference between people and groups. The purpose of this study i More

Lifestyle is one of the most important phenomena in present investigations that mentions the collections of behaviors, patterns and people or groups’ way of thinking in life. These reasons cause the difference between people and groups. The purpose of this study is the comparison of consuming life style between employed and housewives in Miyaneh. These investigations were done on the basis of Bourdieu, Weber and Zimeal Ideas. The method of research was survey and the population includes all employed women and housewives in Miyaneh, consisting of all married and family heads. The sample was 400 women using Cochran formula. The method of sampling is random selection in which first, employed women were separated from housewives, and then 200 women were selected randomly from each group. To gather the data a researcher-made questionnaire was used and the data analysis was conducted by SPSS. The results show that there is a significant difference between consuming lifestyle of employed women and housewives in a way that the employed women’s average of lifestyle components (body management, the pattern of buying clothes, nutrition pattern, selection place of residence) is higher than that of housewives. But in relation to leisure activities, housewives’ average is higher than employed women.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - Examining the relationship between social skills and marriage consistency of Tabriz working women.
Kamran Sedaghat Nazli Pour lotfolahi

Since family is a main and basic entity, maintaining of its basis has an important role in psycho-behavioral healthiness of couples. Lack of relational skills and sentimental, mental and social capabilities makes people vulnerable in facing problems and exposes them to More

Since family is a main and basic entity, maintaining of its basis has an important role in psycho-behavioral healthiness of couples. Lack of relational skills and sentimental, mental and social capabilities makes people vulnerable in facing problems and exposes them to different kinds of mental, social and behavioral disturbances. So training of social skills is one of the preventing ways of occurrence of marriage problems. The main aim in this research is to determine the relationship between social skills and marriage consistence of working women in Tabriz and professional aims include determination of relation between behavioral and cognitional skills with marriage consistency, the extent of women’s independency demand and marriage consistency, marriage consistency, women’s age and marriage consistency and comparison of marriage consistence of familiarity before marriage and its theoretical framework consists of theories of Freimo, Nay, Gazda, Gatman, Roushe, Marks, Angles. The method of research is metrical. Its statistical population is women who have age range of 20-50 in Tabriz and its sample volume is 381 and the way of sampling is a proper level that was done by simple random method. The tool of researching is a questionnaire that for questions of social skills, the researcher-built questionnaire was used and Spiner questionnaire was used for evaluation of criterion variable (marriage consistency). In order to present results, descriptive methods and statistics were used and correlation coefficient of Pierson, Variance analysis and T-test were used in order to examine hypothesis. Analysis of data was done with spss software. Results show that there is a meaningful relation between variables of social skills (behavioral – cognitional), women’s independency, levels of women’s history of familiarity before marriage, duration of marriage, women’s age and marriage consistency.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - Social factors associated with crime rates of women in Tabriz prison.
Hussein Banifateme Ramin Babainezhad

The present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against More

The present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against women at home and the unsuitable friends are the independent variables of the study. The variable was considered as the main research question is the extent of crime of women. The population consisted of 100 women prisoners of whom 79 were selected randomly according to Cochran's formula. The design of the present study was co relational survey and the researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting data. The results showed that crime rate in women are related to precedence of delinquency, a precedence of previous offenses and violence against them at home. But there is no relationship between social control, unsuitable friends and cultural poverty and the crime rate of women in Tabriz prison. Manuscript profile

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225 - The relationship Between Social health and marital Adjustment among married women in Astara
Rozita Omidi Firuz Rad

The main purpose of this research is studying the relationship betweensocial health and marital adjustment among married women in Astara.Statistic population of all married women in Astara was 11900 thataccording to Cochran, sample was estimated 373 subjects. Sampling m More

The main purpose of this research is studying the relationship betweensocial health and marital adjustment among married women in Astara.Statistic population of all married women in Astara was 11900 thataccording to Cochran, sample was estimated 373 subjects. Sampling methodis random cluster. Data gathering tool has been Keyes social healthstandard questionnaire and Spinier marital adjustment questionnaire. Toanalyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used. Results ofPearson correlation coefficient showed that, there is a positive andsignificant correlation among social health and its components like socialsolidarity, acceptance, participation, social florescence and maritaladjustment for married women in Astara. According to findings, it can besaid that, dimensions of social health are among effective variables inmarital adjustment and show necessity of exact planning for enhancingdimensions of marital adjustment. Descriptive and inferential statisticwas used to analyze data. There is no significant relationship among ageand married couples' age difference and common life. But there is asignificant relationship between marital adjustments based on marriedcouples' social– economic base. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - A Survey of the Status of Womenin the Works ofElia Abu Mazi (1889-1957)
Ali Asghar Azizpour Shirfuroosh

A survey of Elia Abu Mazi’s poetry displays the developing process of the portrait of women in a historical perspective. This paper attempts to study the status of women in Abu Mazi’s poetry, using a descriptive and library method. Elia Abu Mazi documented v More

A survey of Elia Abu Mazi’s poetry displays the developing process of the portrait of women in a historical perspective. This paper attempts to study the status of women in Abu Mazi’s poetry, using a descriptive and library method. Elia Abu Mazi documented various events in his poems including occupation, invitation to emigration, liberalism, social and political reformation, freedom of speech and action, the role of women and the national uprisings. Abu Mazi’s poetry mirrors the major events and the problems in the lives of people, and promotes freedom and justice. Abu Mazi never overlooked the status of women in his poetry. In Abu Mazi’s poems, a woman takes on different roles such as the imaginary lady, a spouse, mother and sister and the social woman. The results show that Abu Mazi piously viewed the women who are the means of happiness and certitude. Abu Mazi’s poetry implies that women lead human beings towards self-awareness and knowing God. Manuscript profile

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227 - A comparative study of the role and function of fathers in family and satisfaction of their situation
Zahra Ghasemi

  Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence f More

  Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence fathers' disapproval of his role in the family. The research is descriptive and explanatory and 500 fathers living in Tehran with at least one child who are not married were interviewed.                                                Sampling method is classification of probability and the theoretical framework of the study has been developed in three levels of median, macro and micro. Using a Durkheim, Weber and Marx theories the following variables are studied: changing in division of labor, father’s dependency to parents, changing of father’s practical tasks, generational differences between father and children, educational, age and job differences between women and men, patriarchy, the power of women. In micro sociological level, allegiance of women and the father’s assumption of his role in family are recognized. Manuscript profile

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228 - The Jurisprudential Study of Women’s Singing in Islam
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ayati narges soroush

One of the main issues discussedin the jurisprudence, is the issue of women's voice, on which there are some disagreements among experts (Faqihs.) In this study we have divided this voice to lyrical and non-lyricalforms. The voice of women in non-lyrical form, like givi More

One of the main issues discussedin the jurisprudence, is the issue of women's voice, on which there are some disagreements among experts (Faqihs.) In this study we have divided this voice to lyrical and non-lyricalforms. The voice of women in non-lyrical form, like giving a speech has been considered as illegitimate by the earlyfaqihs of Shia Sect. However, the contemporary experts, regarding the Sira (life style/biography) of Imams and Islamic Sira, have interpreted the women’s non-lyrical voice as permitted and allowed. Regarding the lyrical form, the early and first faqihs who considered the lyrical form as unlawful andillegitimate, undoubtedly and evidently interpret the lyrical form as illegitimate, too. But other faqihs who do not have a problem with non-lyrical voice, have disagreements on the lyrical one. Some believe that it is “legitimate” and permitted (through resorting to reasons and documents) and many others interpreted it as “legitimate” and lawful, because the Quran, Sunnah and Ijma know the lyrical sound as inherently and essentially illegitimate. Most of the Sunni faqihs believe in the legitimacyof it. At th Manuscript profile

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229 - The effect of Telegram on women's political participation (Investigating the attitude of Tehrani female users regarding the effect of Telegram on women's political participation at the middle level).
AKRAM Abbasniya Mahboubeh Paknia SEYED ALI MORTAZAVIAN

Human life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of More

Human life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of decision- making methods and vital actions both political and international.In recent years, the cyber space effects and the treatment of people in the cyber space have drawn the attention of the specialists in the area of political actions. The main goal of this article is to examine the effect of Telegram on political participation of the middle class women in Tehran. By the middle class, we mean a class higher than the low class in which the participations are only voters in political elections and lower than the high class in which the participations are high rates of management and decision- making process. In the middle class, participations are moderate employee women in government departments, active women, women parties assembles and nongovernment organizations. In conceptual model used, is a combination of three media theories: including cultivation theory(Gerbner),public sphere theory(Habermas) and political participation’s indicators theory(rush). The achieve results confirm the positive effect of Telegram on political participation of women users in middle level in Tehran. Manuscript profile

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230 - Analyzing the Judicial Reasons of Opponents of Women's Political Velayat in Shiite Jurisprudence
mohammad etratdoust seyyed mohammad vazirifard

Political participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility More

Political participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility and permit's range of women's political Velayat by study the Quran and Hadith and jurists and commentators' dictum is surveyed. By the result of the study it became clear that we can't lean decisively on the Quran's Verses to forbid women's political Velayat Though â€“ in case of being permitted- some of them could be used as evidence. But according to the famous Prophetic Hadith, A book Hadijeh's one and consensus of scholars of Shiah and Sunnis in prohibiting general Velayat for women, we can adjudicate banning political Vilayat for the ruler of Muslim Ummah in general and supreme leader (Valiye Faqih) for women. But we can't adjudicate so for lower levels and in the Velayat such as of the president and members of parliament and ministers and other Managers. Manuscript profile

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231 - Diya for Women and the Legal Policy of Iran: From Commitment to the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) to Human Rights Standards
Ghader Ahmadi Ahmad Moradkhani Sayyad Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadi Aliraza Asghari

10.22034/ijrj.2020.671692

The obligation to compensate for the damages incurred on individuals is regarded as one of the most important principles of Fiqh and Law, and the bodily harms to women are included among compensable bodily damages. In case of harm, a financial compensation known as Diya More

The obligation to compensate for the damages incurred on individuals is regarded as one of the most important principles of Fiqh and Law, and the bodily harms to women are included among compensable bodily damages. In case of harm, a financial compensation known as Diya is paid to the injured person, while in the pre-revolutionary laws of Iran, no reference was made to such financial compensations for damage.  But with the victory of Islamic revolution and adopting of the Constitutional Law, an appropriate ground was developed for the judicial system of Iran to be adapted with Islamic legal principles as well as with the Shi'a Twelver doctrine. With the enactment of the Diyat Law, the amount of Diya for women was reduced to half the amount of Diya for men, in some cases. Due to the perception that exist about Islam enjoying a perfect legal system and assigning a fundamental role to women as well as the international adverse publicity of the ongoing law, the Legislature proceeded to resolve the problem of inequity of Diya for women and men re-codifying the Islamic Penal Code, enacted 2013, in order to disregard the gender for damage compensation and to observe the international norms. The legislators introduced the law that the government has to pay the balance of inequity of Diya for women. Manuscript profile

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232 - A Historical-Juridical Survey of Women’s Exile in accordance with Adultery Punishment Based on Feyz Kashani in his Mafatih Al-Shara'i'
Abbas Taghvaei Hossein Saberi Hossein Naseri Moghadam

10.22034/ijrj.2019.665194

The analysis or criticism of any of the thousands of jurisprudence issues which have been noticed by scholars in the related fields is of great importance which determines the role and position of each of the experts and prominent Shiite scholars in the development of r More

The analysis or criticism of any of the thousands of jurisprudence issues which have been noticed by scholars in the related fields is of great importance which determines the role and position of each of the experts and prominent Shiite scholars in the development of related basic subjects preparing the ground for proposing innovative issues in Islamic realms suitable for our modern time. Among these, the controversial issues are of more importance; therefore, we deal with one of them here, that is, the deportation of women due to adultery for which two viewpoints namely as the prominent (the opposing group) and the insignificant (the proponents of deportation) exist. In the current paper we are dealing with Imami Shi'a jurisprudence of historical trends with regard to this issue accompanied with the reasons of each of the above-mentioned groups especially Feyz Kashani’s. This is due to the reason that he has a special position in criticizing famous viewpoints even the social ones. Manuscript profile

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233 - بررسی سرمایه فرهنگی و خود پنداره بدنی زنان جوان (مطالعه موردی زنان 18 تا 40 سال شهر اصفهان 1394 )
علی هاشمیان فر اعظم ولایتی امیررضا رضی

خودپنداره بدنی یا تصور از بدن یکی از فاکتورها و مشخصههای اصلی در برداشت از هویت خود در افراد به خصوص جوانان است که به ویژه در سالهای اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین شاخههای متفاوت علوم انسانی و اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در واقع تصور از بدن را میتوان یکی از مهمت More

خودپنداره بدنی یا تصور از بدن یکی از فاکتورها و مشخصههای اصلی در برداشت از هویت خود در افراد به خصوص جوانان است که به ویژه در سالهای اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین شاخههای متفاوت علوم انسانی و اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در واقع تصور از بدن را میتوان یکی از مهمترین مواردی دانست که خواه و نا خواه تأثیر بسیاری در روابط اجتماعی ما دارند. این تصور و برداشت در خصوص زنان به لحاظ تجربه تاریخی و نگرش ساختاری از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر با توجه به اهمیت این مسأله در برهه کنونی وضعیت اجتماعی زنان جامعه ایرانی انجام شده است و هدف اصلی آن رسیدن به این پرسش است که آیا بین تصور از بدن و سرمایه فرهنگی زنان مورد بررسی رابطهای وجود دارد؟ به این منظور از جامعه آماری زنان 18 تا 40 سال ساکن شهر اصفهان تعداد 220 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه مورد قرار گرفتهاند. در تحلیل آماری از نرم افزار Amose 18  در بررسی رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی و تصور زنان از بدن خویش (برداشت از بدن) از رویکرد دو مرحله ای استفاده شده است.با توجه به شاخص های اندازه گیری مدل ترسیمی، فرضیه تحقیق تایید گردید و نتایج نشان از رابطه معنا دار بین دو متغیر سرمایه فرهنگی و برداشت از بدن در بین زنان دارد.   Manuscript profile

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234 - A Study of Self-Confidence and Its Role in the Political Socialization of Cultural Women (Case Study of Female education staff in Ahvaz)
Azita Zangeneh Abodoreza Hashemi Isaq Arjmand Siyahposh

10.22034/ssyj.2021.1943312.1214

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235 - Semantic Reconstruction of Beauty and Makeup for Young Females: The Phenomenological Study
Milad Pourrajabi Alireza Ghobadi

10.22034/ssyj.2020.674113

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236 - Study of Women's Social Security and Social Factors Affecting it (Case Study of Young Women Aged 15-64 in Babol)
Zahra Najafi Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfajer Manouchehr Pahlavan

10.22034/ssyj.2020.678059

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237 - Comparison of Social Lifestyle of Employed Women and Housewives in Gilane-Gharb (Case Study: Young Women Aged 25-40 Years Old)
Masoumeh Heidary Zargoush Ehsan Najafi Mohammad Hossien Asadi davood Abadi Akbar Zohrabi

10.22034/ssyj.2020.675877

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238 - A Study on the Organizational and Structural Barriers of Women's Participation in the Administrative Structure of Iran (Young Women Employed in Private Sector of District 6 in Tehran)
Sanam Bani Hassan Masoumeh Motlaq Masoud Darabi

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239 - A Study on the Domestic Violence among Families of Dehgolan City; With Emphasis on Violence against Women
Saeed Khani Jamal Adhami Ali Hatami Javad Bani-Amerian

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240 - A Study on the Effective Socio-economic Factors of Violence against Women in Ahwas
Ishaq Arjmand Siapoush Faryal Ajam Dashtinezhad

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241 - Survival Time of Young Women Childbearing in Tehran
Adel Abdollahi Arezoo Bagheri Mahsa Saadati

10.22034/ssyj.2020.676560

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242 - Evaluating the Impact of Social Capital on the Empowerment of Young Female Heads of Households (Case Study of Bojnourd)
Hadi Afra Esmaeil Ghorbani Samira Khoramdel

10.22034/ssyj.2020.676913

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243 - Prioritization of the most important employment barriers for the rural women in Chardavol Township
masomeh jamshidi alireza jamshidi Fatmeh Jamshidi

Considering the importance of rural women employment in the household economy and reduce the economic burden caused by a lack of income in rural households, this study has identified barriers to employment for rural women in Chardavol Township. And by 12 experts from Ji More

Considering the importance of rural women employment in the household economy and reduce the economic burden caused by a lack of income in rural households, this study has identified barriers to employment for rural women in Chardavol Township. And by 12 experts from Jihad Agriculture Organization of Chardavol township, the barriers of women's employment is prioritized using the analytic network process.Information required compiled by the questionnaire in 2014. The Super Decision software was used for the statistical calculation. The results showed that the barriers of women's employment in this township are respectively: Feeling maternal, inability to compete for jobs, low bargaining power of women, masculine jobs, Wage differences between men and women, the lack of teaching of jobs for women, unrelated education about women, kind of jobs, low physical ability, the task of raising a child, family prejudices, housekeeping duties, unpaid domestic work, the emotional nature of women, illiterate women, Indecent of women's employment and good financial condition. Manuscript profile

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244 - Analysis of Factors Preventing and Promoting the Development of Rural Women's Participation, A Case Study: Sardabe Village, Central Part of Ardabil
Bahram Imani Arastoo Yarihesar Ziba Rohnavaz

Achieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors prevent More

Achieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors preventing and promoting the development of rural women's participation in Sardaba district. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the method used in it is a combined method with a sequential exploratory approach that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first phase, using the qualitative method of qualitative content analysis, the data collected through the review of available sources and interviews, key concepts were extracted from the text of notes and interviews, and during open coding, 18 inhibiting factors and 17 promoting factors were divided into three groups. The main economic, socio-cultural and political factors were identified. Then in the quantitative phase, using the survey method; The extracted indicators were ranked and analyzed. The necessary technique to obtain the required data is library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study is the population of women in 11 villages of Sardaba village in the central part of Ardabil city with a population of 3179. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and according to this formula, the statistical sample number was 345. Structural equation method and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The ranking based on the standardized factor load showed that socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.95, political factor with an effect factor of 0.92, and economic factor with an effect factor of 0.89 are the most important factors hindering the development of rural women's participation. In terms of promoting factors, the political factor with an effect factor of 0.94 is the most important promoting factor in the development of rural women's participation. The socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.90 is the second group, followed by the economic factors with an effect factor of 0.86 as factors that promote the development of rural women's participation. Manuscript profile

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245 - Investigating Women’s Covering and Hijab in Qajar Dynasty Reflecting upon the Works of Foreign Tourists of That Period (From Agha Mohammed Khan Kingdom to Mozafar-edin Shah Period)
Mohammad Reza Alam sakineh Donyari

Qajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In thi More

Qajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In this period, women always had hijab and wore chador with a mask over their face when they were present in the society. This study aims to investigate the social status of Iranian women including those in religious minorities – Armenians and Zoroastrians – from the kingdom of Agha Mohammed Khan toMozafar-edin Shah period reflecting upon the works of foreign tourists of that time. The main question raised here is how the foreign tourists narrated Iranian women’s, including those in religious minorities’, hijab. Having employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and the library resources, the findings of the present study show that the type of women’s hijab depended on their social class. The court or other rich women had more luxurious covering compared to ordinary women and there were some differences in their type of sewing, color, and jewelry. The women of religious minorities also had different coverings based on their religious beliefs. Armenian women often wore red and yellow, filigreed dresses and white chadors. They also wore masks over their mouths. Zoroastrian women had chadors and colorful headbands. Their clothes were mainly in silk and decorated with jewelry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

246 - Discourse of the Islamic Revolution on the Political and Social Status of Women with Emphasis on the State-Constructive and Reform Approach
Gholamhossein Zargarinejad sina forosezh fatemah haghani sarmi

At the threshold of the Islamic Revolution, a new discourse on women was introduced in Iran, which can be called the Islamic Revolution Discourse. This discourse, by critiquing existing discourses on women, traditional and quasi-modern discourse, introduced a new approa More

At the threshold of the Islamic Revolution, a new discourse on women was introduced in Iran, which can be called the Islamic Revolution Discourse. This discourse, by critiquing existing discourses on women, traditional and quasi-modern discourse, introduced a new approach to the way women look in Iran. The discourse of the Islamic Revolution as the dominant discourse after the revolution took the position of power and reconstructed the position of women. This article attempts to describe the discourses, constructive state approach and reform by explaining these discourses in an analytical way. To answer this question in particular, to what extent is the Islamic Republic of Iran respecting the social rights of women as half of the population? The hypothesis of the present study is that the emphasis of the Islamic Revolution discourse is on the active participation of women in the social and political spheres. So as the social and political developments of women's society have been able to gain social status and status Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

247 - Investigating the Role of Influential Courtiers in Choosing the King's Successor in the Safavid Era
zahra rezaee naser jadidi mohammad karim yousef jamali

In Iran's history, king succession has been marked an important issue. Often when a king was weak or dead, contenders emerged for taking power. Occasionally, despite the powerful king, there were conspiracies among the influential courtiers. In the Safavid era, the lack More

In Iran's history, king succession has been marked an important issue. Often when a king was weak or dead, contenders emerged for taking power. Occasionally, despite the powerful king, there were conspiracies among the influential courtiers. In the Safavid era, the lack of a codified law caused various forces, especially the Ghezelbash heads and court women, to be involved in the succession process; they were trying to choose the king in their own interests. The question of this study is what role did the influential courtiers play in selecting the king's successor? Before Shah Abbas I, the Ghezelbash played large-scale roles in the succession issue. In post-Shah Abbas I reign, however, influential women played the most important role. This descriptive-analytical study examines the role of influential courtiers in the king succession. Findings showed that the Ghezelbash and court women played large-scale roles in the king succession in the Safavid era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

248 - Effect of resistance training with two different intensities on the amount of myostatin and folicatin and the ratio of folinatcin to myostatin in young women
parasto roshandel ali yaghoubi

20.1001.1.27834603.1400.1.1.5.8

Materials and Methods: for this purpose, twenty young women in the age group 20 to 30 selected in sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups and And performed resistance training and TRX. The training program for both training groups was circular exercises with More

Materials and Methods: for this purpose, twenty young women in the age group 20 to 30 selected in sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups and And performed resistance training and TRX. The training program for both training groups was circular exercises with three sessions per week for eight weeks. The main training was performed in seven circular stations including: squat, leg press, chest press, leg extension, shoulder, arm back, arm forward in both training groups. Exercise intensity initially started at 40-50% 1RM and increased at week 5 and 6 with 60-70% 1RM. Stage 4: After eight weeks of resistance training and TRX.Findings: the results showed that Serum levels of myostatin and folistatin decreased and increased after eight weeks of resistance training, respectively, but these changes were not significant in the TRX training group. Eight weeks of resistance training and TRX had no significant effect on folistatin / myostatin ratio in young women. There was also no significant difference between the groups in the post-test compared with the serum levels of myostatin, folistatin and the ratio of folistatin to myostatin.Conclusion: according to the findings of this study it can be concluded that Resistance training can stimulate myostatin and folistatin gene expression in human specimens. The results of this study can be used as a kind of exercise intervention in rehabilitation programs and bodybuilding exercises in young disabled people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

249 - The effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women
keyvan hejazi

20.1001.1.27834603.1400.1.1.3.6

Background and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In t More

Background and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 overweight women were randomly assigned to control (n=12) and experimental (n=12). The program training include: 80-90 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks participate in continuous-resistance. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after training session. To make intra and intergroup comparisons t-test for dependent and independent samples were used. Results: Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly, while levels of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly. Body weight and body mass index values decreased significantly at the end of the period.Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous-resistance training resulted in improved lipid profile and body composition at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a continuous-resistance training program can improve the health of overweight women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

250 - The effect of eight weeks of TRX and CRX exercising on body composition and lipid profile indices in overweight young women
Nasim Alimoradi Haneyeh Noorolahi Fatemeh Hosseini

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and C More

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and CG (n = 20). The program of both training groups included 10 minutes of warm-up with stretching and flexibility movements and then 10 circular stationary movements for 30 to 40 minutes, which ended with 10 minutes of stretching movements to cool down. The TRX group trained with resistance bands and the CRX group with weight training. Research variables were measured before and after exercises. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Comparison of BMI and WHR showed that these variables were significantly reduced in the TRX group compared to the CRX and CG groups. While the PBF variable in TRX and CRX groups showed a significant decrease compared to CG. Also, in lipid profile indices of TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, TRX group showed a significant improvement compared to CRX and CG groups. In TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices, significant improvement was observed compared to CG in both training groups (P≥0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an eight-week of TRX and CRX exercises is effective in improving body composition indices and lipid profile of overweight young women; But TRX exercises are more effective than CRX. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

251 - The effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women
Mona Rezaei

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical More

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consisted of basketbalist women who played in super league. After selecting the subjects and informing them of the objectives of the present study, 7 samples were selected in the experimental group and 7 in the control group. Before the yoga course, sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance tests were held between the two groups, then the test group underwent yoga exercises for 12 consecutive sessions of 2 sessions during the week. These exercises were not applied to the control group. At the end of 12 sessions, the sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance scales were taken again. Also, after a period of one month, the subjects were followed up again to evaluate the durability of the effectiveness of yoga. For data analysis, statistical methods at both descriptive and inferential levels and statistical tests appropriate to the data scale and SPSS statistical software and covariance test have been used. Result: According to the results of yoga exercises, it has a positive effect on reducing sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Conclusion: Also, the results obtained from the follow-up of the effects of yoga showed that this factor was still effective on sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

252 - The Access of Refugee Victim Women to Criminal Justice; Challenges and Solutions(Reflecting on the International Documents)
Zahra Ansarifar Samira Golkhandan Akbar Rajabi

10.30495/jcld.2023.1996889.1078

The purpose of the following article is to explain the situation of refugee women in terms of victimization and their access to criminal justice. Refugee women, due to the special situation they are in, are considered a suitable target for criminals and the possibility More

The purpose of the following article is to explain the situation of refugee women in terms of victimization and their access to criminal justice. Refugee women, due to the special situation they are in, are considered a suitable target for criminals and the possibility of occurrence of crimes against them is always assessed at high level. These women, who are a special, sensitive and vulnerable stratum, must have the conditions of full access to justice, especially in terms of criminal justice. This article, by focusing on national and international legal documents and analyzing the information obtained from them, examines the situation of refugee women in terms of victimization and the challenges beyond them, in accessing criminal justice and efforts to achieve the solutions of solving the addicted challenges. The findings show: although refugee women need special legal and judicial support due to the experience of various violence and the increase probability of repeating the experience of victimization and their access to criminal justice faces many challenges, but still the criminal systems don’t provide the necessary platforms for protection of the rights of this group of victim women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

253 - Typology of Women Non-Governmental Organization in some Islamic Countries
Naima Mohmammadi

Abstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countr More

Abstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countries. The present article by using text analysis and inverse questionnaire wants to analyze the speeches and statements of four non-governmental organizations in Turkey ( KA-mer),  Egypt ( Women and Arab Society Association), Saudi Arabia (International Islamic Committee for Women and Child) and Malaysia (All Women’s Action Society) between 2011-2012. These women Organizations are among most important women organizations that struggle for the recognition of Women’s right and identity. The main question raised by the article is “Why the function and performance of women’s organizations in raising their demands are different from one Muslim country to another”? The above question has been examined within the framework of post-colonial feminism (Gayatri Chakravaorty Spivak) and the third generation of Frankfurt School (Axcel Honth). The result of the regression showed 43 per cent of variation in performance of women’s organizations under the influence of different political structure of each country. The finding of the study shows that the performance of women’s organizations in Turkey and Malaysia are similar and the Egyptian women organizations performance resembles with Saudi Arabia.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

254 - The impact of women's rights in the foreign policy of the united states towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Elham satari Gholam Hossein Bolandian

Abstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the More

Abstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the present paper is "what is the impact of women’s right on the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Islamic Republic of Iran"? The underlying hypothesis is that women’s rights has affected the United States foreign policy against Islamic Republic of Iran and it is one of the key factors for continuation of hostility and imposing pressure by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although there are conventions and rules in the West with slogans like equality and women’s right and responsibility of women is the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of gender justice, taking into consideration the ability of women their share and role in decision-making and politics is still low. This can be an excuse for the United States to exert pressure against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and historical, using library tool. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

255 - Fear of crime in urban public space from the perspective of women (Case study: Women of Babol)
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر Alireza Barari ali rahmani firuozjah

Fear is one of the words that every person instinctively experiences in any way from birth to death. The purpose of this study was fear of crime in public space from the perspective of women in Babol in 1398. This research has been done using a survey method and a quest More

Fear is one of the words that every person instinctively experiences in any way from birth to death. The purpose of this study was fear of crime in public space from the perspective of women in Babol in 1398. This research has been done using a survey method and a questionnaire. The study population consisted of women aged 18 to 60 living in Babol. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, 350 people and were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests with spss24 software and confirmatory factor analysis of the second stage with Amos25 software were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of research variables and its dimensions was more than .7. The results showed that these variables of social distance and the use of mass media and informal control, disorder, have a significant relationship with fear of crime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

256 - Typology of women's consumption behavior in the masons of Yazd
manouchehr alinejad محمدرضا حسینی Fatemeh Molaei

Consumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social status for themselves by consuming goods. Women use clothes to send messages about their identity to others, shopping malls such as mezons are one of the main spaces for the consumpti More

Consumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social status for themselves by consuming goods. Women use clothes to send messages about their identity to others, shopping malls such as mezons are one of the main spaces for the consumption of signs and styles. The purpose of this study is to understand and interpret the patterns of consumption behavior of women in the masons of Yazd. The research method is qualitative and has been implemented with a thematic analysis strategy. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. The sample size was 30 women living in Yazd who were selected by purposive sampling. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis technique has been used. After analyzing the interviews and analyzing them, the research findings emerged in the form of four types, which are: 1- Believable consumption behavior 2- Transformation in important others 3- Dramatic consumption behavior 4- Confidence hegemony. The results showed that the consumption values of this group are significantly more complex. The emergence of a culture of consumerism, eye contact and lifestyle changes has led to the spread of demonstrative, thoughtful and theatrical consumption types. Based on this, it can be predicted that the orientation of consumption culture among Yazidi women is towards the duality of consumption, which is believable and demonstrative, and negative indicators of consumption behaviors will be the predominant aspect of this behavior in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

257 - An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Household Waste Management (Case of Study: Employed Women in Deylam City)
Dariyoush Rezapour sara ghajari

Women's participation and cooperation in the management of household wastes can be an important step towards better city management. In fact, the management of wastes without the participation of woman is difficult and costly. The purpose of study was to analyze the fac More

Women's participation and cooperation in the management of household wastes can be an important step towards better city management. In fact, the management of wastes without the participation of woman is difficult and costly. The purpose of study was to analyze the factors that influence the participation of employed women in household waste management in the city of Bandar Deylam. The research population consisted of women working in the city's offices, of which 92 of were selected as the sample using Morgan table and a simple random sampling method. To gather the data, a questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using the spss software at descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between age, attitudes towards waste management, environmental attitudes, social participation and information resources. It was also found that the two variables of social participation and the availability of information resources accounted for 42.1% of changes in waste management behaviour.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

258 - Typology of women's consumption behavior in the brand stores (mezon) of Yazd
Manoochehr Alinejad Mohammadreza Hoseini Fatemeh Molaei

10.30495/uss.2022.699027

Consumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social position for themselves by consuming goods. Women nowadays use clothes to send messages about their identity to others. shopping malls such as mezons (brand commodity stores) are one More

Consumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social position for themselves by consuming goods. Women nowadays use clothes to send messages about their identity to others. shopping malls such as mezons (brand commodity stores) are one of the main spaces for the consumption of signs and styles. Therefore this study aims to understand and interpret the patterns of consumption behavior of women in the mezons of Yazd. The research method is qualitative and was implemented with a thematic analysis strategy. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. The sample size was 30 women living in Yazd who were selected by purposive sampling. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis technique was used. After analyzing the interviews four categories of responses emerged which were as follows: 1- Believable consumption behavior 2- assimilation to significant others 3- dramatic consumption behavior 4- product loyalty. The results showed that the consumption values of this group were significantly more complex. The emergence of a culture of consumerism, imitation (keeping up with the Joneses) and lifestyle changes hav led to the spread of conspicuous, fashion-led, and theatrical consumption types. Based on this, it can be predicted that the orientation of consumption culture among Yazidi women is towards the duality (believable and conspicuous) of consumption, , and negative indicators of consumption behaviors will be the predominant aspect of this behavior in the future.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

259 - Spatial Analysis of Women Employment Patterns In Major Activity Sectors of Iran Rural Settlements
حسنعلی faraji bahram hajari z. torabi nader malaei

The aim of this study was to identify basic and non-basic activities of rural women employment in major sectors and groups of economic activities in rural areas, and also, their spatial distribution in the country. The population of research consists of 693 cities of th More

The aim of this study was to identify basic and non-basic activities of rural women employment in major sectors and groups of economic activities in rural areas, and also, their spatial distribution in the country. The population of research consists of 693 cities of the country, which their figures and information have been extracted from the General Census of Population and Housing in 2011, and by using Location Quotients (LQ) technique, the fundamental parts which were the exporters of labor force have been identified. The results show that the Western and South Eastern agricultural regions of the country are the basic regions. In the industrial sector, mainly North West (West and East Azarbaijan Provinces) and Isfahan, Qom, Central, and some parts of the Hamedan, Zanjan, Qazvin, and Tehran Provinces are the exporters of rural women labor force to other areas. Also, the distribution in the service sector are mainly in Central, North, and South regions of the country which are considered as exporters of the rural women labor force in the service sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

260 - Evaluation of Rural Women’s role in Sustainable Development of Agriculture with Emphasis on Affectivity of Educational-Promotional Activities in Promoting Healthy Product Production in Gilan Province (Case Study: Rural areas of Langerrod and Roodsar Townships)
Parisa Mohammad Poor

Rural women have always had a very important and fundamental role in rural societies’ and the agricultural sector of Gilan province’s development. But these efforts have not been reflected separate from men’s jobs and their role has not been observed w More

Rural women have always had a very important and fundamental role in rural societies’ and the agricultural sector of Gilan province’s development. But these efforts have not been reflected separate from men’s jobs and their role has not been observed with adequate seriousness. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate rural women’s role in sustainable development of agriculture with emphasis on effectivity of educational-promotional activities in promoting healthy product production in Gilan province. That this study is applicable from the manner of purpose and is based on the descriptive-survey method. The required information in this research has been collected through questionnaire and library method and the people under study are the rural women of Langerood and Roodsar Townships. The statistical sample volume using the Cochrane formula has been determined as 193 individuals and the rate for Cronbach’s alpha for all of the questionnaire was equal to 0.89. The results of this study showed that amongst the educational-promotional programs designated for women and annual income from production of rice and their role in promoting the health production of products in villages is equal to 99% which indicates the very high meaningful relation of the foretold. Also the results from regression analysis indicated the matter that only the educational-promotional visits have entered in the analysis and singly could explain 26 percent of dependent variable of rate of women’s acknowledgment from vegetation pesticides’ disadvantages and chemical fertilizers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

261 - On the Analysis of Barriers in front of Domestic Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Emphasis on Resistive Economy to Deprived Areas from Basiji Jihadist Students' Points of View (Case Study: Kamfiroz Rural District, Marvdasht County)
M. Rahmanian koushki Y. Zarei A. Estelaji

Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurshi More

Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurship is one of the best fields of women’s economic activity, particularly in rural areas, its development is facing lots of obstacles and limitations.Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of analyzing the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship with emphasis on resistive economy. The dominant approach of this study was quantitative based on survey method. The population included 150 Basiji Jihadist students in Marvdasht Islamic Azad university (N=150) which were studied using census method. Finally, 126 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire was the main tool to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists. In order to determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test was performed. The Cronbach alpha was calculated for the main scale of the questionnaire (α = 0.794), which indicated the suitability of the research tool. The data was analyzed using SPSSwin22 and LISREL 8.80 software. For identifying obstacles in front of home entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy, and to investigate the good index of the research model, the exploratory factor analysis and also, confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equations model (SEM) were employed, separately. The results of factor analysis related to the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship showed that variables have been subjected to six factors of supportive weakness, economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, knowledge and information giving weaknesses, family barriers and lack of relevant laws. These six factor explained 70.521 % variance of the obstacles in front of domestic entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy. Finally, some recommendations were developed based on the research findings.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

262 - Investigation of city poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint (Case study: Akhmagiyeh sector, Tabriz metropolitan)
Shahrivar Rostaei Akbar Asghari Zamani Fatemeh Zadvali

City poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint is as an internal new motivation in women that it can create beds for opportunities for city poor women amplitude, capabilities and adequacy inflorescence. According to applied knowledge development i More

City poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint is as an internal new motivation in women that it can create beds for opportunities for city poor women amplitude, capabilities and adequacy inflorescence. According to applied knowledge development in current research , we focused on city poor women empowerment investigation with citizenship positive viewpoint . So current research is applied according to aim, and also it is descriptive- analytic according to nature and method. Statistical society of current research includes Akhmagiyeh sector families in Tabriz city that mentioned sector was located in 7 region municipality. Sample size was estimated based on Kokeran modified model and it was equal with 342 persons. In order to research data analyzing , partial squares least were used in Warp-PLS software . Results showed that , the most effect on empowerment variables and citizenship positive viewpoint structural modeling investigate with 0/362 effect coefficient and self-satisfaction was equal with 0/410 in effect coefficient . The lowest effect in structural modeling was equal with 0/172 for citizenship positive viewpoint variables and it was equal with 0/215 for resistant by effect coefficient. Dependent variables determining coefficients model in current research showed that 13/4 percents variance of empowerment variable describe entering case. Also, Eston – Gaser test results for empowerment dependent variable with 0/152 and citizenship positive viewpoint Variable with 0/138 calculated amounts showed that regarded model has requirement anticipation power and capacity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

263 - The Explanation of Decision Making Process in Establishing Of the Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas, With Emphasis on Gender Approach (Case Study: Souleghan District)
Fazileh Dadvarkhani Somayeh Mosavi

The aim of this empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decision- making regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluates the main factors which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of en More

The aim of this empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decision- making regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluates the main factors which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of entrepreneurship between rural women. The research concentrated on research in villages such as of Kan district that have considerable amount of entrepreneurs. The data has been collected by questionnaire on the base of Likert model and the documentary method as well, interviews . All entrepreneurs' women in the research area have been chosen, so no random selection is used. The statistical population of the research is the entrepreneurs family who growing and selling plants and flowers and living in 4 villages of the souleghan district.The research statistical population is 2,713 people, which include 667 households in the study area. All recipients of entrepreneurship and innovation that living in the 4 villages of Kan- souleghan are included in the sample population of the research ,that they are about 82 men and their wives.The data has been collected through the field work and library- base .they have been collected by questionnaires, interviews, books and various methods. The results shows that the family and social factors and personality of respondents have a greatest impact on the decision-making process of women in accepting an entrepreneurship, as well as their speed to make a decision. Finally, in the next step economic factors play a considerable role in this process and to their acceptance of an innovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

264 - The Combined Application of Factor Analysis with Spatial Zoning in the Development of Rural Areas with the Approach of the Role of Rural Women's Employment in the Ramsar County
Mostafa Taleshi Seyed Yaser Hakimdoost

TOne of the characteristics of the settlement system in developing countries is intense focus and spatial imbalance, which in some cases is due to the effects of polar growth policies. Research methods in applied study descriptive and analytical approach to governing . More

TOne of the characteristics of the settlement system in developing countries is intense focus and spatial imbalance, which in some cases is due to the effects of polar growth policies. Research methods in applied study descriptive and analytical approach to governing . This scheme for the rural areas and 38 indicators, factor analysis was used . The results of the application of Moran's index of spatial distribution of positive and equal to 0/237 or more. And given that the Z-Score value is equal to 16/38 was estimated at 1% confidence level was greater than expected: (EI = 2.58) is, As a result of the spatial distribution of cluster development in rural areas is approved. Also, the General G statistic equal to 0/25 to Z Rating 3/96, which is at 0/01 is significant and indicates that the spatial pattern of development in rural areas of Ramsar city is clustered. The results show that , in 63 villages in the city of Ramsar criteria for rural development , rural women are directly related to employment . This analysis confirmed the bivariate Moran's test, and the results indicate a direct impact on rural women's role in rural development, and 33 percent in rural areas is the city of Ramsar. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

265 - Barriers Identified for rural Women Participation in Samaleh and Salie-e Villages of Khuzestan in Development Programs
MOJTABA Ghadiri Masom hamidreza Bagheyani mansoor Ghaneyan motahareh GhadiriMasom

Rural development systematic approach knows pre-request accessible to development purposes participate of all rural people including woman, man, young and adult. It is considered participating and development plansas a pre-request of participating advantages toward achi More

Rural development systematic approach knows pre-request accessible to development purposes participate of all rural people including woman, man, young and adult. It is considered participating and development plansas a pre-request of participating advantages toward achieving development aims.This research has done with comparative study of rural women participate obstacles in development plans in two Samaleh and Salie-e villages in Khuzestan province. It was all people over 10years educated as statistic population case study and selected the sample persons to random sampling method between them. Data collection was questionnaire by library studies. Research results indicate that different factors such as economic, social and cultural effect on rural women participation. In other hand have been social and cultural factors women participation obstacles in villages study area. It was different priority obstacles and participate women barriers, regarding cultural diversity between two villages (one Arab language and other Lorish languages). According to results it seems request measuring achieve by executing and women participators and execute plan. Also it can promote women participate rate and level by using linguistic and local language in development programs. Manuscript profile

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266 - LocalManagementRolein The Empowermentof RuralWomen(Case Study:SouthernAstarābādRural District of Gorgan)
aliakbar najafikai zeinab vesal

Local management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems  rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems  is increasing day by day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability o More

Local management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems  rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems  is increasing day by day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability of rural areas, the role of local leaders in rural development. Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so rural development programs in directed them to use their abilities, ability and community participation in sustainable rural development paves the way to. Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so Rural development programs in the form led them to use their skills, capabilities and community participation to achieve Sustainable development of rural  smoothly. Given the key role of rural women in particular, agricultural production, Rural Industries and. They are important in the process of rural development, and enabling them to develop new concepts and focus  strengthen poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas are known. In this context, this paper attempts to examine the role Local Leaders (Council of Dhyary) the empowerment of rural women in  Astarābād district located in the southern city of Gorgan pay. Methods The study was descriptive - analytical and study population of 200 women using Cochran formula selected rural villages in South Astarābād A random sample of / Systmayk are obtained. sensing data for the test  correlation analysis (Spearman, Kendall Kramer) and Mac Nemar in soft  SPSS software is used The research findings suggest that local managers with their actions impact Attention in various fields including employment opportunities  appropriate, increase revenue, strengthen co and women's organizations and Also the skill  rural women in rural South Astarābād have.  Manuscript profile

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267 - Resolving Methods of Marital Discords and Conflicts of Rural Women – Field Study in Menia Governorate, Egypt
Elham Abdou Mohammed Aly

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268 - Effectiveness of Microcredit Fund Scheme in Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Tehran Province
Samira Saadat Salehi Abri Mehrdad Niknami

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269 - Rural Women Access to Nutritional Services: A Case Study Concerning Rural Women in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nasir Uddin Nusrat Zahan Liza Mohammad Asaduzzaman Sarker Julius Githinji Muchemi Sharmin Akter Zujaja Wahaj Saifur Rahman

Equity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban More

Equity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban and rural settings. The main barriers may include economic, geographic, cultural, or institutional factors. Monitoring access inequalities to primary health care services is critical in providing policymakers with an evidence-based solutions more equity-oriented policies, programmes, and practices towards improving long and healthy life for all people in the society. The main purpose of the study was to explore what factors influence women’s access to health services provided through government and civil society health programmes. It also examines the evolution of nutritional programs under government and civil society organizations in Bangladesh to provide insights on their design considerations to inform future design, deliver, and access of health care programmes by women in Bangladesh. Findings indicated that only 50% of rural women had access to health programmes. In addition, young and education women with high exposure to public awareness opportunities had more access health programmes. Further, health programme delivered through government and civil society design and delivery mechanisms reached out to more women. The study concludes that understanding women's circumstances and taking institutional design into account for operational effectiveness are crucial for the design and delivery of health services to rural areas, given these challenges. Manuscript profile

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270 - Knowledge of Women with Agricultural Household Jobs toward Innovation Management in Masjed Soliman Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran
Shahrzad Faraji Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi

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271 - Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Cassava Processing Technologies by Rural Women in Enugu State, Nigeria
Asadu A.N. Agwu A.E. Chah J.M. Enwelu I.A

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272 - Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation of Rural Women Small Business Owners: The Case of Gambella Region of Ethiopia
Daniel Temesgen Getachew Wodajo

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273 - Effective Factors Promoting Work Culture for Female Headed Women
Vahid Aghasi Bourujeni Azar Gholizadeh Akbar Etebariyan

Due to rapid changes in the world this century, social development as one of the achievements of cultural change society in various fields such as industry, economy, etc. and women as part of a community can have an important role in employment In a community. The purpo More

Due to rapid changes in the world this century, social development as one of the achievements of cultural change society in various fields such as industry, economy, etc. and women as part of a community can have an important role in employment In a community. The purpose of this research is Designing Structural-Interpretative Structural Analysis (ISM) of Factors Promotion of work culture for women headed by households. The statistical population of the study consisted of 12 cultural management specialists selected from among Associate Professors through homogeneous sampling. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, the most relevant research on the topic of work culture was first selected based on the CASP method. Based on the high score in the selected research, 18 factors influencing the promotion of the work culture of unmarried women were identified in 5 sub-components And analyzed by Delphi. Then, in the quantitative section, the indexes were encoded and, based on the interactive matrix, distributed among the participants (12 elite) of the research, and a constraint matrix designing a structural-interpretation model was designed. The results of this study showed that the designed model consists of 11 levels which is the most important and most influential factor of working culture for abandoned women, reforming labor law as an index of the sub-component of cultural norms, and the least effective indicator on promotion of work culture, awareness of The title is one of the indicators of the sub-component of the media doctrine. Manuscript profile

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274 - Effectiveness of effective communication skills training with spouses on emotional regulation and marital satisfaction of married women referring to family counseling centers in Isfahan
akram hojati saeid shaveysi zad samira haqani manesh

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of effective communication skills training with spouses on emotional regulation and marital satisfaction of married women in Isfahan. The method of this research is semi-experimental and is a pre-test-post-tes More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of effective communication skills training with spouses on emotional regulation and marital satisfaction of married women in Isfahan. The method of this research is semi-experimental and is a pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study was all couples referring to family counseling centers in Isfahan in 1397. Among the couples referring to family counseling centers, 30 patients were selected using the available sampling method in two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group and 15 in the control group). The instruments used in this study were emotional regulation questionnaire by Garnovsky et al. (2002) and Olson's marital satisfaction (1989). The results of this study showed that effective communication skills with the spouses increased the adjustment of emotional regulation. Effective communication skills with spouses have reduced the level of emotional regulation that is incompatible. Effective communication skills with husbands have increased marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile

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275 - Comparison of irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in women and men treated with methadone (stimuli)
Marjan Rabei Sara Yavari mahboob

The purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in men and women treated with methadone (stimuli). For this purpose, 100 people with addicted methadone (males and females) Available selections. Jones's irrational beliefs question More

The purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in men and women treated with methadone (stimuli). For this purpose, 100 people with addicted methadone (males and females) Available selections. Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire for assessing irrational beliefs, Tangy's self-control questionnaire for measuring self-control variable and Zuckerman's excitement scale for excitement measurement. SPSS-21 software was used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that there is a difference between the irrational beliefs of women and men treated with methadone and in women treated with methadone, irrational beliefs need to be confirmed by others, there is a tendency to blame and dependence more than men, and in methadone treated men, perfectionism There are more irrational women than women. There is also a difference between the self-control variable in these two groups. The difference is that self-control in women undergoing methadone treatment is more than that of men. In the last review of the research hypothesis, the excitement comparison, it was also found that there are significant differences between the two sexes in this variable. The results show that escape from inhibition and adventure in men treated with methadone is more than that of women, and the morbidity of women treated with methadone is higher than that of men. There is a difference between men and women treated with methadone (stimuli) in terms of irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement. Therefore, researchers, researchers and therapists need to pay attention to the gender differences in women and men treated with methadone. Manuscript profile

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276 - A Study of Gender Socialization and Its Role in Women's Political Socialization (Case Study of Cultural Women in Ahvaz)
Azita Zangeneh abdoreza hashemi Eshagh Arjmand Siyahposh

Women's political socialization, in the field of politics and decision-making, has an important role in the development and modernization of any country, and realizing the importance of this issue, every country should try to remove cultural, social, political and econo More

Women's political socialization, in the field of politics and decision-making, has an important role in the development and modernization of any country, and realizing the importance of this issue, every country should try to remove cultural, social, political and economic barriers to women's participation for Achieving the growth and prosperity of society in all areas. Considering the importance of political socialization and the role of women in society, this study was conducted as a survey in a community consisting of 8763 cultural women in Ahvaz. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, variance and frequency tables as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation test. Linear regression was used to investigate the natural scatter of data. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between women's political socialization and gender socialization variable. The correlation coefficient between them is 0.138 and their significance level is 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that the different gender socialization of women is one of the barriers to political socialization. Manuscript profile

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277 - Presenting a model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam
Fatemeh Yazdizadeh Reza Fazel Alireza Saanatkhah

The aim of this study is to present the model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam, which has been done in a mixed or combined manner. In the qualitative part, which is done with the Grand Theory strategy, the statistical population of the study includes More

The aim of this study is to present the model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam, which has been done in a mixed or combined manner. In the qualitative part, which is done with the Grand Theory strategy, the statistical population of the study includes the earthquake-stricken women of Bam, 12 of whom have been purposefully selected as the statistical population. Interview analysis was performed according to coding method and based on data analysis, 224 meaningful concepts and propositions were extracted from the text of the interviews. Following the coding process, 218 corresponding concepts were extracted from 224 meaningful propositions. The corresponding concepts became 45 subcategories due to the large number of overlaps and duplicates. Also, due to the closeness and semantic overlap of many pivotal subcategories in the coding stage, 45 existing subcategories have become 17 pivotal categories, which include: crisis living environment, disaster experience, environmental disorders, experience of violence, mourning and bereavement, cultural dominance. Masculinity, the traditional view of disasters, the loss of privacy, adaptation to crisis, self-destructive behaviors, social isolation and withdrawal, fake attempts to improve, sexual harassment, remorse, experience of violence, femininity of injuries, degradation of maternal status with more abstraction These categories include selective coding, a nuclear category described as "the social harms of earthquake-stricken women in a crisis-ridden and disastrous life, and in the context of experiences of violence, mourning, and bereavement, with crisis adaptation strategies, self-defeating, isolated, and isolated behaviors." "Sexual harassment, remorse, the experience of violence, and even the degradation of maternal status have led to the appearance that it can cover all other categories." In the quantitative section, the results of modeling have shown that the extraction pattern has been confirmed with high coefficients. Manuscript profile

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278 - Relationship Analysis of the Effective Factors on the Officially-employed Female Teachers in the City of Sabzevar)
mehri sadat delghandi sani reza fazel hossein fekrazad

Women's employment renders to be an important issue to be scientifically discussed in today's world. Women seek jobs for numerous reasons which make them accept other social responsibilities other than their domestic duties. These, in fact, are fighting two fronts. Wome More

Women's employment renders to be an important issue to be scientifically discussed in today's world. Women seek jobs for numerous reasons which make them accept other social responsibilities other than their domestic duties. These, in fact, are fighting two fronts. Women's employment today is one of the issues that arises in the community and women are working for a variety of reasons.And they even have to accept social responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities at home and the education of their children.This is where we are faced with the "working women".People who serve and serve on two important fronts, the community and the family.Also women's employment is one of the issues that is posing in Iran and has had some effects in the community. In this study, the factors and implications for the employment of cultural women in Sabzevar are studied and analyzed. Also, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between factors such as job satisfaction, sense of security, income and personal development (self-development) and the attitude towards the employment of cultural women. The statistical population of the research was women's cultural schools in Sabzevar, and the sample size was 200 people who were randomly selected using Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method. The research method is survey and data gathering tool is a questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis are used to process a suitable proposed model. The results show that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction, feeling of security and self-esteem, and attitude towards employment, but income has not affected their attitude toward employment. Manuscript profile

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279 - Explaining marital satisfaction based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach in pregnant women
yousef amini

The aim of this study was to explain marital satisfaction and its subscales based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach in pregnant women. To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the control group, 40 people among th More

The aim of this study was to explain marital satisfaction and its subscales based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach in pregnant women. To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the control group, 40 people among the statistical population were chosen by considering the criteria which is available in sampling method, and they randomly divided into two groups of 20 (experimental and control). The Experimental participants were trained on cognitive-behavioral in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training during this time. The tool which is used to collect data in pre-test, post-test were, Enrich Marital Satisfaction .Data were analyzed by using mean, multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that marital satisfaction and its subscales can be explained based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach.And teaching these components in pregnant women leads to improved marital satisfaction and subscales of personality issues, marital relationship, financial management, Sexual Relationship, and Religious Orientation, Conflict resolution, free time, Parenting, Egalitarianism, and relatives and friends In them. Therefore, it can be concluded that by teaching the components of cognitive-behavioral approach to pregnant women along with other care during pregnancy, improve marital satisfaction in them. Manuscript profile

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280 - Study and correlated with socioeconomic and demographic situation of immigrant women's reproductive behavior: A Case Study of Afghan women immigrants living in the Parsian and Lamerd
رضا نوبخت علی قاسمی اردهایی محمدرضا برومندزاده

Despite the long-term presence of Afghan refugees in Iran, attributes and behaviors of the demographic, economic, social and considered them less known. The aim of this study was to identify behaviors, demographic, social and economic migrants in the southern regions an More

Despite the long-term presence of Afghan refugees in Iran, attributes and behaviors of the demographic, economic, social and considered them less known. The aim of this study was to identify behaviors, demographic, social and economic migrants in the southern regions and less developed Afghanistan Iran. Afghan refugees in Iran of significant population (4.1 million) and long-term record of their presence in society, the need to study in the field of recognizing the different characteristics of this group of immigrants stresses. So the two regions in the provinces of Fars and Hormozgan (Parsian and Lamerd) selected from 115 women 15 to 49, the information collected and analyzed. The findings suggest that immigrant women's reproductive and fertility of origin and destination are significant differences in the level of the target provinces. Among the social variables explained only education gives women of reproductive differences. A significant correlation between length of stay, there was no family relationship of spouses and children. Low levels of awareness and early marriage leads to a lack of social mobility of immigrant women. These two factors lead to higher fertility levels were to immigrant women than women.  It seems that there are areas of cultural and religious, such as early marriage, particularly for girls, called sons of immigrants in the city studied the determinants of reproductive behavior in the coming years and their fertility at a higher level than natives place. Manuscript profile

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281 - Representation of gender stereotypes among Iranian women using the social network Instagram
ali jafari Maryam Ferdowsi Eqbql Khaledian

The purpose of this article is to examine the representation of gender stereotypes of women users of the Instagram social network. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and in terms of data collection method is survey. The statistical population of this arti More

The purpose of this article is to examine the representation of gender stereotypes of women users of the Instagram social network. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and in terms of data collection method is survey. The statistical population of this article includes all Iranian women users of Instagram and Telegram networks in unlimited numbers. Using Morgan table, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. Samples were selected using purposive non-random sampling method. Data were collected using an online researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the data and t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of this article showed that gender stereotypes are significantly represented in mobile-based social networks (Instagram). Also, in the studied social network, the types of gender stereotypes (with the content of sexual symbols, with the content of violence, with the content of patriarchy and patriarchy, with the content of gender maps) are significantly represented Manuscript profile

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282 - بررسی روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی، مثالی از ایران
مهدی نوری پور آذر اسکندری زینب شریفی

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت ویژگیهای شخصیتی مربوط به روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل زنان روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیمروز استان سیستان و بلوچستان بودند که از طریق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 186 نفر به عنوان نمونه  تعیین و با تکنیک More

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت ویژگیهای شخصیتی مربوط به روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل زنان روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیمروز استان سیستان و بلوچستان بودند که از طریق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 186 نفر به عنوان نمونه  تعیین و با تکنیک نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه گردآوری شد که روایی آن به کمک تکنیک روایی صوری و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. همچنین از نرمافزار SPSS برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بیش از 50 درصد زنان روستایی در ویژگیهای خطرپذیری متعادل، کانون کنترل درونی، موفقیتطلبی، سلاست روانی، تحمل ابهام، رویاپردازی و نوآوری در حد قوی بودهاند. با این وجود، 30 درصد زنان روستایی از نظر ویژگیهای خطرپذیری متعادل، سلاست فکری، استقلالطلبی و نوآوری در حد ضعیف بودهاند. همچنین نزدیک به 17 درصد زنان روستایی از نظر رویاپردازی و چالشطلبی ضعیف ارزیابی شدند. نتایج آزمون t تک نمونهای نیز نشان داد ابعاد ده گانهی روحیه کارآفرینی زنان بالاتر از حد متوسط بوده است. بنابراین برای افزایش روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی لازم است ویژگیهای خطرپذیری متعادل، نوآوری، استقلالطلبی، سلاست روانی، چالش طلبی و رویاپردازی را در زنان روستایی تقویت نمود. Manuscript profile

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283 - عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان روستایی استان مازندران در کشت برنج
سعید فعلی نهاوند امیر احمدپور

هدف از پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان روستایی استان مازندران در کشت برنج است. برای این منظور با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای تعداد 300 نفر از زنان روستایی شالیکار استان مازندران برای شرکت در فرایند تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش، پرسشنامه بود که More

هدف از پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان روستایی استان مازندران در کشت برنج است. برای این منظور با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای تعداد 300 نفر از زنان روستایی شالیکار استان مازندران برای شرکت در فرایند تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش، پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن توسط اساتید صاحب نظر و پایایی آن پس از انجام یک پیش آزمون و محاسبه ضریب کرونباخ آلفا (0/86=α) مورد تایید قرار گرفت نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که میزان مشارکت زنان روستایی در کشت برنج تقریباً در سطح متوسط است و زنان به دلایلی ازقبیل کمک به اقتصاد خانواده، کسب درآمد و تولید محصول مازاد بر مصرف در کشت برنج مشارکت دارند. همچنین، زنان روستایی بیشترین میزان مشارکت در مراحل مختلف کشت برنج را در فعالیت‌های انتخاب بذر، نشاءکاری و حفظ و نگهداری خزانه  داشتند. نتایج تحلیلی تحقیق نشان داد که همبستگی معنی‌داری بین برخی از ویژگی های فردی و حرفهای زنان روستایی با میزان مشارکت آنها در کشت برنج وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که 42/9 درصد تغییر در واریانس متغیر وابسته توسط سه متغیر درآمد خانواده، تعداد اعضای خانواده و سطح زیرکشت برنج تبیین میشود. Manuscript profile

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284 - میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی و عوامل موثر بر آن(مطالعه ی موردی: زنان روستایی بخش قلعه شاهین استان کرمانشاه)
سمیه شهبازی علی اصغر میرک زاده Amirhossein Alibaygi

سلامت اجتماعی در توسعهی اجتماعی جامعه روستایی به ویژه در بین زنان روستایی در راستای بهزیستی و ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی و انسانی آنان امری ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و با رویکردی متفاوت جهت بررسی میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی و عوامل موثر بر آن در استان کر More

سلامت اجتماعی در توسعهی اجتماعی جامعه روستایی به ویژه در بین زنان روستایی در راستای بهزیستی و ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی و انسانی آنان امری ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و با رویکردی متفاوت جهت بررسی میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی و عوامل موثر بر آن در استان کرمانشاه تدوین یافت. روش تحقیق توصیفی-همبستگی و مبتنی بر روش اسنادی و میدانی(ابزار پرسشنامه) بود. جامعه آماری شامل زنان روستایی بخش قلعه شاهین استان کرمانشاه بودند که تعداد 187 نفر از آنها به روش نمونهگیری چند مرحلهای انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد اکثر افراد مورد مطالعه از  میزان سلامت اجتماعی، مهارت ارتباطی و حمایت اجتماعی متوسطی برخوردارند. همچنین مشخص گردید که بین میزان تماشای تلویزیون، میزان اوقات فراغت و میزان مهارت ارتباطی با میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی رابطهی معناداری وجود دارد، بهگونهای که با افزایش هر یک از این موارد میزان سرمایه اجتماعی نیز افزایش پیدا میکند. براساس یافتههای تحلیل رگرسیون نیز مشخص گردید که در نهایت 49 درصد از واریانس میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی بوسیلهی متغیرهای اوقات فراغت، تماشای تلویزیون و مهارتهای ارتباطی تبیین شد. ازآنجایی که مهارتهای ارتباطی و سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی در حد متوسطی میباشد، لذا با توجه به نتایج، پیشنهاد میشود که سازمانهای مرتبط با سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی از قبیل؛ پایگاههایسلامت اجتماعی سازمان بهزیستی، سازمان ﻣﻠﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ، ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ و یا مروجان روستایی به عنوان مددکار اجتماعی، با مشارکت زنان روستایی محتوای آموزشی ارتقای سلامت اجتماعی را تدوین کنند. Manuscript profile

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285 - تأثیر مؤلفه های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان زابل، ایران
ولی اله سارانی

امروزه بهبود کیفیت زندگی یکی از اهداف اصلی اکثر برنامههای توسعهای در سراسر جهان است؛ بهگونهای که این مفهوم به یکی از موضوعات و مسائل مهم در پژوهشهای جامعهشناسان و حتی روانشناسان تبدیل شده است. در این راستا، سرمایۀ اجتماعی که در برگیرند More

امروزه بهبود کیفیت زندگی یکی از اهداف اصلی اکثر برنامههای توسعهای در سراسر جهان است؛ بهگونهای که این مفهوم به یکی از موضوعات و مسائل مهم در پژوهشهای جامعهشناسان و حتی روانشناسان تبدیل شده است. در این راستا، سرمایۀ اجتماعی که در برگیرندۀ جنبههای اجتماعی نظیر اعتماد، هنجارها و الزامات در رابطۀ میان اعضای گروهها و شبکههای اجتماعی است میتواند سبب افزایش سلامت روان  و دسترسی به اطلاعات سلامت شود و در نتیجه بر کیفیت زندگی مردم تأثیر میگذارد. بر این اساس، مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف واکاوی تأثیر مؤلفههای سرمایۀ اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان زابل انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیۀ زنان روستایی (15 تا 64 ساله) در بخش مرکزی شهرستان زابل بودند (N=9234). با استفاده از جدول نمونهگیری بارتلت و همکاران (2001) حجم نمونه به تعداد 209 نفر تعیین شد که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی خوشهای چند مرحلهای برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری دادهها در این پژوهش پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS نسخۀ 23 انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه به شیوۀ توام نشان داد که مؤلفههای سرمایۀ اجتماعی پیشبینیکنندههای اصلی کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان زابل بودند. یافتههای این مطالعه دستاوردهای مناسبی برای سیاستگذاران و برنامهریزان توسعه روستایی بهمنظور بهبود کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در فرآیند توسعۀ روستایی به همراه دارد. Manuscript profile

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286 - عوامل موثر بر خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی شهرستان ملارد
ندا شریفی مریم امیدی مریم محمودی

هدف اصلی  این تحقیق توصیفی-همبستگی بررسی عوامل موثر بر خودکارایی زنان روستایی در شهرستان ملارد ایران میباشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل ۲۳۶۳۶ نفر از زنان روستایی شهرستان ملارد میباشد که از میان آنان ۶۱۳ نفر با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقهای انتخاب شدند More

هدف اصلی  این تحقیق توصیفی-همبستگی بررسی عوامل موثر بر خودکارایی زنان روستایی در شهرستان ملارد ایران میباشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل ۲۳۶۳۶ نفر از زنان روستایی شهرستان ملارد میباشد که از میان آنان ۶۱۳ نفر با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقهای انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری تحقیق، پرسشنامهای ساختارمند بود که روایی آن براساس نظر متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تایید گردید. تحلیل دادهها از طریق نرمافزار SPSS  انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق بر اساس ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین عوامل ترویجی-آموزشی، شرکت در فعالیتهای تصمیمگیری خانوار، عوامل اجتماعی، پویایی فضایی، عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل مرتبط با عزت نفس و ظرفیت سازگاری با شوکها و استرسها با خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی ارتباط مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که رابطه منفی و معناداری بین سن و خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی وجود دارد. تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که عامل اقتصادی (R2 = 0.437)، عامل آموزشی و ترویجی (R2 = 0.507)عزت نفس (R2 = 0.539)و عوامل اجتماعی (R2 = 0.545) مهمترین متغیرها در پیشگویی متغیر وابسته (خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی) بودند. Manuscript profile

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287 - شایستگی های کارآفرینانه ی مدیران در تعاونی‌های زنان روستایی همدان
رضا موحدی سارا جلیلیان

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونی‌های زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری دادهها با تکمیل پرسشنامهها توسط  105 نفر از مدیران تعاونیها به عنو More

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونی‌های زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری دادهها با تکمیل پرسشنامهها توسط  105 نفر از مدیران تعاونیها به عنوان نمونههای تحقیق صورت گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه بر اساس نظر کارشناسان و متخصصان امر بررسی و تایید گردید و پایایی نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 94/0= α محاسبه و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. شایستگیهای کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونیهای مورد مطالعه در هشت عامل قرار گرفتند. این عوامل عبارت بودند از "داشتن اهداف راهبردی"، "توانایی نظارت و سازماندهی افراد"، "ریسک‌پذیری"، "توانایی ایجاد انگیزه و اعتماد در افراد"، "برخورداری از نگرش مثبت و انتقادپذیر"، "توانایی شناسایی و درک نیاز مشتریان"، "مهارت در روابط عمومی و کسب و بکارگیری مهارت و انرژی". به منظور بررسی برازش مدل اندازهگیری مربوط به سازه شایستگیهای کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونیهای مورد مطالعه، از مدل معادلاتساختاری  با نرم‌افزار LISREL8.8  استفاده شد. نتایج مدل نشان دهنده برازش مناسب برای هشت سازه ذکر شده در بالا بود. همچنین سه نوع شاخص برازش مدل شامل شاخص نیکویی برازش (85/0PNFI= و90/0CFI=)، شاخص تطبیقی (99/0NNFI= ، 94/0 NFI=) و شاخص‌های برازش مقتصد (027/0 = RMSEA  و 078/1 = ) برازش عالی و مناسب مدل اندازهگیری شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونی‌های زنان را با دادههای مشاهده شده تأیید نمودند.  Manuscript profile

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288 - Extent of Rural Women’s Participation in Agricultural Activities
Muhammad Luqman Ejaz Ashraf Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hussan Tahir Munir Butt Naveed Iftikhar

Rural women in Pakistan, under a small holding system of farming, play a pivotal role in farming. They actively participate in a range of activities related to crop production and livestock management. Rural women remain busy from dawn to dusk in various agricultural ac More

Rural women in Pakistan, under a small holding system of farming, play a pivotal role in farming. They actively participate in a range of activities related to crop production and livestock management. Rural women remain busy from dawn to dusk in various agricultural activities, including pre-harvest, post-harvest and livestock management. Their participation is well dispersed but less perceived because of insufficient data to show their active involvement in various agricultural activities. Keeping these points in mind, this study was designed to explore the extent of women’s participation in various agricultural activities in district Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab, Pakistan). A total of 125 rural women were selected through multistage random sampling technique and interviewed with a well-designed, pre-tested interview schedule, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The results of the data analysis revealed that rural women’s participation level was at the top (M=2.87 and SD=0.42) in picking of cotton while their participation level was found low (M=1.78 and SD=0.88) in broadcasting of seed/fertilizer among different crop production and management related activities. While on the other hand their extent of participation was found at the top (M=2.90 and SD=0.30) in cleaning of animal’s sheds and found low (M=2.02 and SD=0.83) in calf rearing among different livestock production and management which were being performed by rural women. Regarding daily time given by rural women to perform various crop production, livestock production and household activities majority of rural women they devote>than 8 hours in a day to perform these activities as reported by 27.2%, 32.8% and 76.8% of the respondents, respectively. It is recommended that national commission should be established to recognize and documented the participation of rural women at various national and international forums. It is also recommended that women training wing should be established at national level under the supervision of district administration to train rural women in different areas of crop and livestock production so that they can contribute in a better way in the national economy. Manuscript profile

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289 - Effective Factors on Women Role in Sustainable Development (Case Study: Marvdasht Rural Areas in Iran)
Seyed Nematollah Mousavi

DOI: 10.5455/ijamd.164895

This paper aims to study the role of women in agricultural promotion and its effect on rural development. Research method in this study was based on a survey and the required information was collected through questionnaire from a sample of women especially rural women. More

This paper aims to study the role of women in agricultural promotion and its effect on rural development. Research method in this study was based on a survey and the required information was collected through questionnaire from a sample of women especially rural women. The data were analyzed using Logit model. The results showed that women had a major role in farming including producion, conservation, and destructing. The results also showed that women had a great tendency for participating in extension classes to improve their knowledge for sustainable development. Considering the results, it was necessary to provide the life facilities and necessities, awareness women especially rural women with group media and organizing the promotional and educational classes for reaching the sustainable development. Manuscript profile

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290 - Obstacles of Women Presence in Iranian Rural Management: A Case from Osku County
Mohammad Shokati Amghani Hesamedin Gholami Nematollah Shiri Hossein Shabanali Fami

The presence of women in social and managerial fields is one the indicator of social justice and development that leads to optimum use of capabilities and potentials of half of the country's rural population. In the recent years, establishing public institution of Dehya More

The presence of women in social and managerial fields is one the indicator of social justice and development that leads to optimum use of capabilities and potentials of half of the country's rural population. In the recent years, establishing public institution of Dehyary by the Ministry of Interior have provided new opportunity for women presence in rural management. This study aimed to identify women’s participation obstacles in rural management in Iran, specifically in Dehyary. The statistical population of this study was 15-64 year – old females which were resident in rural areas of Oskou County. Applying a proportional random sampling and Cochran formula, 347 women were chosen to be surveyed as sample. A questionnaire was used for data collection, which its face validity was approved by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a=0.84). The results revealed that, negative attitudes and believes in rural community is the most important obstacle for women to participate in rural management. Furthermore, factor analysis categorized obstacles for women participation in six factors including cultural, personal, supportive, job-related, religious and Economic constrains. Manuscript profile

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291 - عوامل موثر بر توسعه و تقویت تشکل های زنان روستایی در ایران
رضا موحدی مسعود سامیان احمد یعقوبی فرانی خلیل میرزایی

با توجه به اهمیت موضوع مشارکت زنان و بهرهگیری از توانایی آنها، ضروری است تا برنامهریزی جهتدار و هدفمندی در این زمینه صورت پذیرد. بدون تردید برنامهریزی در جهت توسعه و گسترش تشکلهای خاص زنان روستایی میتوان گامی مفید و موثر در جهت افزایش حضور More

با توجه به اهمیت موضوع مشارکت زنان و بهرهگیری از توانایی آنها، ضروری است تا برنامهریزی جهتدار و هدفمندی در این زمینه صورت پذیرد. بدون تردید برنامهریزی در جهت توسعه و گسترش تشکلهای خاص زنان روستایی میتوان گامی مفید و موثر در جهت افزایش حضور و مشارکت زنان در صحنههای مختلف و بهبود جایگاه و حقوق زنان باشد. در حال حاضر تشکلهای زنان روستایی به لحاظ اقتصادی و اجتماعی دارای اشکال مختلف است. عمدهترین آنها تعاونیها، صندوقهای اعتبارات خرد، گروههای خودیار محلی و شبکه تولیدکنندگان خانگی می&rlm;باشد. در این مطالعه سعی شده است تا با استفاده از پژوهش آمیخته و ترکیب روشهای کمی و کیفی شامل تحلیل و تفسیر کیفی نظرات مسئولین و صاحب نظران توسعه روستایی و با به کار گیری پرسشنامه و روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند از درون داده های مختلف به اکتشاف راهکارها و راه حل های جدید در زمینه توسعه تشکل های زنان روستایی دست یافت و همچنین با انجام آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی این تحقیق به دنبال تایید راهکارهای اکتشافی در بخش کیفی بوده است. روش تحلیل دادههای حاصل از مصاحبه تحلیل محتوا از نوع تلخیصی بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که جهت توسعه و تقویت تشکل های زنان روستایی علاوه بر اعمال حمایت های قانونی و مالی، خانوادگی، مدیریتی، آموزشی و فرهنگی، راهکارهای مختلفی از جمله فرهنگسازی و بسترسازی، اجرای برنامههای توانمندسازی زنان، اجرای مستمر برنامههای مشاورهای و آموزشی، تشویق و معرفی تشکلهای موفق زنان لازم هستند. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که سه عامل اقتصادی، اجتمای – فرهنگی و آموزشی و ترویجی توانایی تبیین چیزی حدود 60 درصد از عوامل موثر بر توسعه و تقویت تشکلهای زنان روستایی را دارا می باشند. Manuscript profile

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292 - The Effect of Women's Publications on Promoting the Position of Women in Qajar Period
Fatemeh Mahboob علی اصغر داودی Hamid Saeedi Javadi

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293 - حضور زنان در دو داستان پرندهء من از فریبا وفی و من اورا دوست داشتم از آناگاوالدا
Alireza Salehi Mahdieh Fadae

10.30495/ttlt.2023.699080

نویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و &laq More

نویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و «من او را دوست داشتم » از آناگاوالدا نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی است. در این پژوهش نگاه هر دو نویسنده به عشق، خانواده و جایگاه زنان در جامعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اینکه این دو نویسنده از دو اجتماع متفاوت با فرهنگ و موقعیت جغرافیایی مختلف هستند اما پیام و درون مایه هر دو نویسنده ظلم به زن و تنهایی زنان و بی وفایی مردان است. زنان این داستان ها به دنبال کشف هویت فردی مستقل خود هستند و با وجود وابستگی عاطفی و اقتصادی که به همسران و خانواده خود دارند دچار خلا عاطفی شده و در نتیجه احساس تنهایی و خستگی روانی ناشی از نبود هویت و استقلال وجودشان را فراگرفته است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

294 - A comparative study of the position of women in Islam and other Abrahamic religions
Nafiseh Navid

Islam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures thro More

Islam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures throughout history. The distorted Jewish religion has a negative attitude towards women and he is a secondary existence and a human which must always be submissive and owned by a man And she is deprived of her economic and social rights. The distorted religion of Christianity also considers the creation of woman to be according to man and for him. A woman is an imperfect creature and serves a man And she considers her a deceiver and a seducer You should always be safe from his evil and it does not deserve many human rights. Islam attaches great value to women. The Quran considers the creation of man and woman as independent and the essence of humanity as one and he considers women as worthy of benefiting from all human rights and she places her in the ranks of men in reaching the stage of perfection and closeness to God. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

295 - Comparison of women's rights in Islam and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Masumeh Akhlaq Pasand Maryam Ibn Turab Sayyed Husayn Sadjadi

The drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is one of the results of Western studies on the issue of women. The main tool of the drafters of the Convention is the elimination of discrimination in order to eradicate the More

The drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is one of the results of Western studies on the issue of women. The main tool of the drafters of the Convention is the elimination of discrimination in order to eradicate the existing traditional gender stereotypes and to deny the differences between men and women and thus to create equal rights. In this case, the provisions of this convention are not in full compliance with Islamic law, and this has caused challenges in various social, legal and cultural fields. The purpose of this study is to compare the rights arising from the articles of the Convention and Islamic law, in order to provide an appropriate response to address the challenges in this field. Based on descriptive analytical studies, it was concluded that in addition to the common human and male commonalities, the two are inherently and evolutionarily different from each other, so it is natural from a social point of view and in the field. The regulation of legal rules should not be expected to be similar to them. In many of its rules and laws, Islamic law complies with the provisions of the Convention. The right to life, the right to liberty, human dignity, the right to employment and political rights such as the right to participate in elections, social rights, the right to education and health are some of the issues that have long been considered in Islam. But in some cases, men and women have different rights and rules based on the characteristics of creation and the responsibilities based on it. Therefore, equality in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, contrary to Islamic law, is not based on justice and nature, and this is a form of discrimination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

296 - Efficacy of Maternal Fetal Attachment Techniques on Enhancing Mother's Attachment to the Fetus
Saed Sajjadi Anari Kianoush Zahrakar Farshad Mohsenzadeh Mojgan Karamnia Mohsen Shokoohi Yekta Soraya Alavinezhad

          The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of  Prenatal Attachment Techniques training  on mothers' attachment to the fetus. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women who were referred to the Sarem Ho More

          The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of  Prenatal Attachment Techniques training  on mothers' attachment to the fetus. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women who were referred to the Sarem Hospital in Tehran, Iran between April and May, 2014. Among the inclusion criteria was a gestational age of 6-9 months. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. The study design was a pretest-posttest control group. Data were collected using the Cranley Mother-Fetus Attachment Scale (1981). The experimental group receivedthe attachment skills in eight one hour sessions once a week. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. The results indicated that prenatal attachment education program increased mother attachment to the fetus. Given the effectiveness of learning prenatal fetal attachment techniques on attachment of pregnant mothers to their fetuses, educating these techniques may lay the ground for improvement of maternal attachment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

297 - social support,basic psychological needs and psychological well-being:examining a causal model in employed women
Morteza Moradi Razieh Sheikholeslami Mozhdeh Ahmadzadeh Azam Cheraghi

this study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of social support on psychological well-being at work among employed women. The sample consisted of 360 employed women from Shiraz University. The participants completed the Social Support Scale (Vaux et al., 1 More

this study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of social support on psychological well-being at work among employed women. The sample consisted of 360 employed women from Shiraz University. The participants completed the Social Support Scale (Vaux et al., 1986), the Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs Scale at work (LaGuardia et al., 2000), and the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff& Keys, 1995). The results of path analysis indicated that the social support had direct and indirect effects, through satisfying the need for relatedness and need for competence , on the psychological well-being. There was no significant difference between single and married employed women in psychological well-being, satisfying basic psychological needs and social support. These findings emphasize the role of employment and social interactions on well-being of women in work environment.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

298 - Investigating the rule of masculinity over women from the perspective of biological differences
batool doust mohamadi ali rafiee moghadam mohamad akbari

10.30495/alr.2021.1941056.2176

3 jurisprudential rules The authority of men over women is based on verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', which is the source of many rules and regulations in jurisprudence and law, especially in family law and male-female relations. Male domination over women in our system, in More

3 jurisprudential rules The authority of men over women is based on verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', which is the source of many rules and regulations in jurisprudence and law, especially in family law and male-female relations. Male domination over women in our system, in cases such as the wife's obedience to her husband; Determining the location; The right of a man to oppose a woman's job; Citizenship; Husband's guardianship has affected children and many other cases. There have been different and sometimes conflicting interpretations of this verse. Some commentators in the interpretation of the verse "By the grace of God, some of them are Ali" some have mentioned more than ten cases in proving the superiority of men over women: Alimony and household expenses, and finally the divine decree. Some believe; The best interpretation of the above verse, according to the context of the verses before and after and even the beginning and the end of the verse, is related to the relations between men and women in the family. Others, by generalizing causes such as rational powers, have extended the ruling of the verse to society and believe in the guardianship of men over women. . However, there is strong scientific evidence that strongly denies the biological difference between men and women in sexual matters; But assuming the acceptance of the theory that in the real world, in the nature of human beings, Manuscript profile

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299 - Challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights
seyed milad javaheri abbs shekholeslami jafar kusha

10.30495/alr.2022.1960823.2389

Field and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and rel More

Field and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and religion, on the one hand, makes this branch of law have the nature of human rights And on the other hand, by concluding various conventions, it will have the nature of international law. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights in the territory of Iran's criminal system.Method: The present research was done with descriptive and analytical method and using library resources.Finding and Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that in the process of legal unification of domestic and international systems, some challenges in the field of criminalization of crimes that violate humanitarian rights and criminal responses in external and internal dimensions and in legislative axes. , judicial and executive available. The challenges are mainly rooted in political, fundamental, ideological, legal and structural dimensions that sometimes conflict with each other and make the process of integrating international rules into the domestic legal system difficult. Statistics of crimes and compilation of humanitarian criminal laws, compilation of special laws to protect women and children during peace and war and compilation of appropriate and fair criminal responses by using dynamic inference in Shia jurisprudence, together with considering the rule of sanctity and rejection of religion and Also, reforming the judicial structures is one of the basic solutions to overcome the challenges. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

300 - Delivery a model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis
Sharam Alipour Sayyed Mahmoud Hashemi Mohsen Ameri Sharabi

This study discussed the Design and delivery a Designing a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative metho More

This study discussed the Design and delivery a Designing a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components  of 621 concept codes were obtained  and then classified at  six dimensions including, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement  ,  Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women . In the second study, the sample size was estimated as 344 people based on  Cochran formula and after data collection,  the statistical analysis of survey data was performed  in two descriptive levels using statistical parameters (such as frequency, percentage, elongation , mean) and inferential statistics (Levin test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 , Lisrel8.54 and Excel. Significant coefficients and parameters of factors, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement  ,  Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women.showed that all of the coefficients obtained are significant. The results of principal component analysis showed that among the dimensions of the home business development in Tehran, the empowerment of women has the greatest impact (0/89).and the job culture enhancement has the latest impact in the home business development in Tehran (0/67).  and the respondents are not satisfied with all other components of  questions and they express  negative opinions and all components  in the Cultural model for home business development in Tehran are enjoyed of high functionality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

301 - Effectiveness of skill training based on group hope therapy on difficulty in emotion regulation and self-compassion in depressed middle-aged married women
Lida Lilabadi Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabai Turan Nurani Qara Tape

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy-based skill training on the difficulty in regulating emotions and self-compassion in depressed middle-aged married women aged 35 to 50 years. Semi-experimental research method of pre-test a More

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy-based skill training on the difficulty in regulating emotions and self-compassion in depressed middle-aged married women aged 35 to 50 years. Semi-experimental research method of pre-test and post-test type along with control group during a period of two months in 2019 among depressed women who referred to the health center of district 1 of Tehran. They were randomly selected. Hope therapy training adapted from Snyder's book (2002) was taught to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Analysis of the findings using univariate covariance analysis showed that group training based on hope therapy increases self-compassion and reduces the difficulty in regulating emotions in the sample group. The results of the research indicate that women who have self-compassion and difficult skills in emotional regulation have more control over things, and the less psychological and emotional problems women have, the more satisfied they are with themselves. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

302 - The role of early maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience
Maryam Shabrang Moridani Mozhgan Abbasi Abrazgah hossein abbasi masoud shakeri mohadeseh mohamadpour

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The sta More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all married women aged 18 to 55 years with a history of self-immolation who referred to health centers in the city of Dohdasht in the second half of 2021, and 160 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1961), Young Schema Short Form Questionnaire (1988), Zimmet et al.'s Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988), and Klonoff and Landrin's Gender Discrimination Events Questionnaire (1995). The data were analyzed using Piron's correlation and multiple regression simultaneously. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between initial maladaptive schemas, perceived gender discrimination and suicidal tendencies, and a negative and significant relationship between social support and suicidal tendencies (p<0.01). Also, the results have shown that initial maladaptive schemas, social support, and perceived gender discrimination predict 0.59 suicide tendency in women with self-immolation experience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

303 - The research of the manifestation of second demographic transition ( case study Tehran)
samira rostami Mohsen Ebrahim Pour

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate relia More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate reliability, validity of methods used, and to assess its reliability using Cronbach's alpha values for all variables (both independent and interdependent) has been accepted. The results showed it is important that Signs of arrival in Second Demographic Transition with a high level of The desire to divorce and reduction in the compulsory marriage and Low levels of other variables because of the no change in the family structure in the country seems logical. It must be said in view of the rapid changes in society, the other aspects of the demographic transition, such as Increased sexual relationship outside of marriage and abortion, childless tend to be definitive and official statistics are not available, Is not far-fetched that it would need to continue research and statistics are unofficial observations. Therefore, it can be suggested with respect to this research, in Tehran, Researchers to investigate this phenomenon in other cities More detailed observations were recorded until a more clear vision of the country's population changes and The country's strategic planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

304 - The type of division labour and emotional management of employedwomen in family (case study: employedwomen of Zahedan province)
zeinab hashemibaghi فرح ترکمان bagher saroukhani

The present study aims to identify the relationship between the division and management of women working in the family atmosphere in Zahedan City. In this research, we have tried to provide a model for explaining the division of labor and the management of the feelings More

The present study aims to identify the relationship between the division and management of women working in the family atmosphere in Zahedan City. In this research, we have tried to provide a model for explaining the division of labor and the management of the feelings of working women in the family. This model introduces a general idea that is: The relationship between the types of division of labor in the family through the management of the senses and well-being of women infamily. In order to test the empirical model of the model, after determining the dimensions and indices of each of the variables, the reliability and validity of the scales were evaluated. Also, the validity of each of the components of emotion management, division of labor and other scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Accordingly, Cronbach's alpha coefficient is calculated for division of labor (0.76) and emotional management (0.9044). The research data were collected by a survey method from a sample of 368 women working in the urine of Zahedan city using simple random sampling method. Selected. The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between the division of labor and emotional management, the division of work and sex, physical and emotional work, emotional work in the family, and the life of the work, social security division, working hours, work satisfaction, support of family members, number of children, age. There is no meaningful relationship between division of work and sexuality, and emotional cognitive work and descriptive emotional work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

305 - Armenian women's employment effect on family relationships in Tehran
Seyed Yagob Mousavi adineh adib

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Armenian women's work on their families in Tehran. The present research is based on the purpose of this study. The study was a cross-sectional and research-based method. The statistical population More

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Armenian women's work on their families in Tehran. The present research is based on the purpose of this study. The study was a cross-sectional and research-based method. The statistical population of this study was 120 women employed by married Armenians living in Tehran. Data were collected using a randomized snowball method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. . Its content was estimated by content validity method and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 73%. The results showed that there is a relationship between type of employment, income level and employment incentives with type of relationships, homework and power model. There is a positive relationship between financial motivation and doing housework, but with a kind of relationships and a weak relationship between empowerment, between social motivation and relationships, and a weakly correlated power pattern, but with negative family work, between personality motivation and relationship types Weak, but there is a negative relationship with doing household work, but there is a positive relationship with the pattern of power. The presence of statistics indicates that Armenian women working in family responsibilities are at the forefront of any incentive in their lives. Keywords: Employed women Armenians, relationships in the family, housework, pattern of power Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

306 - Compare the two generations of working women in Tehran attitude of towards the social factors affecting fertility
Zahra Hazrati someeh

The study aimed to compare the attitudes of two generations of working women in Tehran has been done to the social factors affecting of fertility. The theoretical framework of this study based on the views of Leibenstion, Esterlin, Demont, Davis and Kaldwell.The method More

The study aimed to compare the attitudes of two generations of working women in Tehran has been done to the social factors affecting of fertility. The theoretical framework of this study based on the views of Leibenstion, Esterlin, Demont, Davis and Kaldwell.The method of this study is exploratory and descriptive survey research design is cross-sectional study and the technique of 'questionnaire and interview and observation "that has face validity and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 82%) was used to collect data. The study population are 20-29 year old and 40-49 year-old women working in Tehran. The sample size is calculated using Cochran formula and 400, respectively. The sampling method, a combination of cluster sampling and simple random Finally, in the research hypothesis is the following consequences: The results of the correlation coefficient revealed Between social status, Environmental justice and social welfare And there is a female fertility. The regression was observed in the results: Social status 58%, Environmental justice 61% And social welfare have 76% Affect fertility. According to T-calculated Between the attitudes of two generations of women working in Tehran The relationship between social status and Environmental justice There fertility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

307 - Sociological study of quality of marital life with demographic factors
Fatemeh Rashid Shahla kazemipoursabat Hossein Aghajani marsa

The purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the  quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 More

The purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the  quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 years living in Karaj, according to the Cochran formula, the sample size is 465 people. The sample was determined by cluster sampling and then by simple random sampling. In theoretical foundations, theories of quality of life, Parsons, Safi, homogeneous, and the like are used. Finally, theoretical model of the research is designed. This research was conducted using a survey method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire . Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions of the questionnaire above 0.7, which is acceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed using SPSS software. The result of the hypothesis with related tests shows that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and age, marriage age, age interval with spouse, duration of marriage, number of children, fertility age. According to regression and path analysis, the most and the strongest influence on the quality of marital life can be directly related to the direct effect of the variables of the marriage period (0.772), the age difference with the spouse (0.381), the marriage age (0.440). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

308 - Representation of the social movements of women in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron Jawed Angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) since(1920-2016) According to Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic method
elmira sasanpour afsaneh edrisi majid tavasoli

10.30495/jscc.2024.2001554.2167

This article deals with the topic of Representation of the social movements of women since (1920-2016) in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron javelin angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) . The women's movement is an organized movement to achieve women's More

This article deals with the topic of Representation of the social movements of women since (1920-2016) in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron javelin angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) . The women's movement is an organized movement to achieve women's rights and an ideology for the transformation of society, whose goal is the dream of eliminating all types of racial discrimination and oppression .In this article, the author examines four movies by qualitative and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic method and the theory of Charles Tilly’s collective action and fundamental theories of feminism wants to show that how effective movies are in representing social movements of women. Movies seem to play a significant role in representing the social movements of women in society. Research findings indicated that the meanings represented in the films have been: Negotiating the existing situation and oriented identity, having a plan and organized collective behavior, determine the goals, having ideology, obligation and commitment, opposition to violent acts, radical movement, worthiness , commitment and unity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

309 - Innovations of the bill to prevent women's injuries and improve their security against abuse
Mahsa Ibrahimi MOhammafjavad Abdellahi

The initial text of the bill for preventing women's injuries and improving their safety against abuse was prepared in 1392 in the vice-minister of women and family affairs of the 10th government and sent to the government for approval. Finally, after examining this More

The initial text of the bill for preventing women's injuries and improving their safety against abuse was prepared in 1392 in the vice-minister of women and family affairs of the 10th government and sent to the government for approval. Finally, after examining this bill among different governments and parliaments, the final bill was finally approved by the government board in December 2019. And finally, on May 29, 1400, the receipt was announced and it was referred to the legal and judicial commission of the parliament with a condition of urgency. In April 1402, the details of the plan were approved by the Islamic Council and its name was changed to "Prevention of women's injuries and promotion of their safety against abuse". The question that exists is what innovations can be legally discussed. In the present study, the author believes in the descriptive-analytical method following the answer to the above question that: innovations such as the integration of all institutions to support women, the establishment of a women's support fund, the provision of medical expenses and special attention to imprisoned women, the development of counseling centers for maintaining The mental health of abused women, the proper way to deal with women, the criminalization of responsibility due to the transmission of diseases through sexual intercourse, referring to the illegitimate submission and non-violence of men for the first time, as well as the permission for women to leave the country in the case that the man is against it for no reason. The title is innovation and strengths of the bill. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

310 - Designing a Model for the Role of Women in the Family Purchasing Decision-Making Process Considering the Impact of Viral Marketing (Case Study of Women in Tabriz)
Aliakbar peyvasteh Alii Gorbani Elnaz Hazem

The purpose of this research is to design a model of women's role in family purchasing decision-making process considering the impact of viral marketing in Tabriz metropolitan area. This research is descriptive-survey based on its nature and content, and in terms of pur More

The purpose of this research is to design a model of women's role in family purchasing decision-making process considering the impact of viral marketing in Tabriz metropolitan area. This research is descriptive-survey based on its nature and content, and in terms of purpose, it is a type of applied research. In this research, the methodology used to collect the data for the development of the literature is library method, and also to collect data to answer the questions, the field method has been used. The statistical population includes Tabriz metropolitan women whose number is considered unlimited. The sample size was 384 persons according to the unlimited sample size formula of 3845 people. A random sampling method was used to select the women who were used to describe the data from the frequency table and the column diagram for demographic variables and descriptive index table and histogram chart for describing the mean index. In the analytical part of the data, Various methods such as the Kalimogrov-Smirnov test for normalization, exploratory factor analysis, factor analysis, regression test, t-test and Pearson correlation were used for SPSS software. As a result, effective factors on each of the research variables were identified and the final model and applied proposals were presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

311 - Effect of Aerobic Exercise of Walking on Weight and BMI During Pregnancy
Tayyebeh Zarezadeh Nematallah Nemati

10.22034/jchr.2016.545894

Manuscript profile

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312 - The Effect of Short-term Creatine Supplementation on Lactate Dehydrogenase after a Session of Intense Aerobic and Anaerobic Activity in Active Women
Esmail Ghorbanian

The aim of the current research was to the effect of short-term creatine supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase after a session of intense aerobic and anaerobic activity in active women. For this purpose, 40 active women of Damghan city with an average age (25 ± 5 yea More

The aim of the current research was to the effect of short-term creatine supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase after a session of intense aerobic and anaerobic activity in active women. For this purpose, 40 active women of Damghan city with an average age (25 ± 5 years), weight (63 ± 7 kg), height (165 ± 7.5 cm) and body mass index (25 ± 5 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this research. The research was of a semi-experimental type, and the subjects were randomly divided into four groups iaerobic supplementation (10 people), aerobic placebo (10 people), anaerobic supplementation (10 people), and anaerobic placebo (10 people) and studied. The supplement group consumed creatine every day (0.3 grams per kilogram of body weight) in 4 meals (8, 12, 16, and 20 hours) for 7 days; the placebo group consumed the same amount of corn powder. The aerobic group performed the Bruce test before and after completing it, and the anaerobic group performed the Wingate test. Blood samples were taken from the subjects after aerobic and anaerobic tests and after taking supplements and repeating the tests to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Index measurement was done using the relevant kits and with the help of an auto-analyzer, the analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there is no significant difference between the LDH level of the aerobic creatine group and the aerobic placebo group, as well as the anaerobic creatine group and the anaerobic placebo group, but the comparison of the LDH level of the aerobic creatine group and the anaerobic creatine group showed that there is a significant difference. In other words, taking a creatine supplement along with a session of acute aerobic activity led to a greater decrease in LDH than taking this supplement after anaerobic activity. In general, it can be concluded that creatine monohydrate loading does not significantly reduce LDH levels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

313 - The effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a non-training period on left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) in sedentary women.
Alireza Babaei Mazreno

The aim of the current research was the effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a period of non-training after that on the left ventricular LVEVD index of sedentary women. In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner More

The aim of the current research was the effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a period of non-training after that on the left ventricular LVEVD index of sedentary women. In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner, 32 sedentary women who were able to regularly participate in the exercise protocol were selected by simple random sampling and randomly divided into 2 groups: 1- Resistance exercise group (16 people ), 2- control group (16 people). In the present study, before the implementation of the training program, all the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and structural and functional indicators of the left ventricle of the subjects were measured and recorded in three stages under the same conditions. Variable left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), by a cardiologist with echocardiography using M-Mode, Spectral Doppler, Color Doppler (2-D) methods and in a special echocardiography room in 3 stages (before exercise, after the end of 8 weeks The resistance training program was measured after 4 weeks of non-training after training. It was also measured before echocardiography. All training programs including 3 training days per week and every day for 90 minutes were implemented in the sports hall of Azad University, Yazd branch. This program was implemented for 8 weeks from low to high intensity, taking into account the principle of overload and increasing the intensity of training. Finally, the results showed that eight weeks of increasing resistance training was significant on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) of sedentary women, and it reduced the positive effects of increasing resistance training on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

314 - Study of intergenerational value gap of Turkmen women in terms of the role of individual characteristics and contextual factors
mahshid rafinejad mehrdad javaheripour zahra ghasemi

Margaret Mead believes that vast and profound socio-cultural changes make conditions for growth and upbringing of young generation different from the conditions of the parents; As a result, a generation gap is created, which causes value differences between the two gene More

Margaret Mead believes that vast and profound socio-cultural changes make conditions for growth and upbringing of young generation different from the conditions of the parents; As a result, a generation gap is created, which causes value differences between the two generations. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of individual characteristics and contextual factors in differentiating the value priorities two generations of women. The research method is quantitative-survey that independent group T-statistics and two-way analysis of variance and significance level were used to test the hypotheses. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 50 questions, which was estimated to be 0.66 and its reliability 0.92 using SPSS software version 20. The statistical population of the study includes 173264 married women living in Gonbad Kavous city with Turkmen ethnicity in 1400. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 200 women in their fifties (mothers) and 200 women in their eighties (girls) were selected as a sample. Findings showed that there is a value difference of % 12.14 in terms of material values and % 17.18 in terms of metamaterial values between mothers and daughters. The results of the study based on the maximum comparison of the mean differences showed that there is a significant difference between job, spouse occupation, housing status, education level, spouse education level and income level of mothers and daughters in terms of priority of material and extraterrestrial values. Material and metamaterial values are more important for the daughter generation compared to the maternal generation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

315 - بررسی فراوانی آنتی بادی ضد هرپس سیمپلکس ویروس نوع II در زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان 22 بهمن و آریا در سال 92-93
Fatemeh Habibi Sima Afshar Nejad Nooshin Baba pour Malihe Moein Jowzan

Background: In many countries, infections due to HSV are as endemic.The number of people who have antibodies against the virus is differentand has mainly depended on the studied groups. High prevalence of herpes and its complications, particularly in infants shows that More

Background: In many countries, infections due to HSV are as endemic.The number of people who have antibodies against the virus is differentand has mainly depended on the studied groups. High prevalence of herpes and its complications, particularly in infants shows that development of strategies to prevent and detect seropositive and seronegativesmothers is very important in terms of promoting public health and reducing harm from the infection.On the other hand, infection of asymptomatic individuals who are seropositive increases the importance of epidemiological studies of herpes virus seroprevalence.Considering the importance of the role of epidemiological studies on the health policies, our research is based on the study of seroprevalance of HSV-2 in pregnant women. Methods:  Blood samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 135 pregnant women admitted to hospital Arya and 22-bahman in the year 92-93.They also completed questionnaires to assess the effects of seven factors: age, occupation, education, number of pregnancies, abortions, number of sexual partners and income levels.Serum samples were then separated and the presence of IgG to HSV-2 were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Of the 135 patients, 4 patients for HSV-2 were positive for the 2/6% population, we make up, and according to the statistical data and the statistical test, the positivity of the age, occupation, level of education, number of pregnancies, abortions, number of sexual partners was not related income. Conclusion:  In our study, 2/6% of patients were positive for HSV-2 positive All the people who were older than 30 years, homemaker and graduate education, but due to the low number of positive results in terms of no statistically significant relationship between age, occupation and education level with HSV-2 was found   Manuscript profile

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316 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
abdreza kazemi khatereh nnaaderi

AbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate t More

AbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on myonectin levels and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In the present study, 21 overweight and obese women participated as subjects, who were divided into two groups of exercise and control. The exercise program was performed for 8 weeks, which included three sessions of aerobic exercise per week, each session lasting 30 minutes with an intensity of 50 to 70% of the maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate in exercise was 50% in the first two weeks, 60% in the second two weeks, 65% in the third two weeks, and 70% in the last two weeks. Blood sampling was drawn 48 hours before the start and 48 hours after the last training session and serum levels of mayonectin, glucose, and insulin were measured. Analysis of covariance was applied to examine the differences between groups by using IMB SPSS v.21 software. Serum levels of myonectin increased in the exercise group compared to the control group, but this amount was not significant (P=0.08). Furthermore, the level of insulin resistance in the exercise group compared to the control group was significantly reduced (P=0.006). Based on the results, aerobic training led to an increase in serum levels of myonectin and a decrease in insulin resistance in the subjects of this study. It can be concluded that due to the role of mayonectin in increasing the absorption of fatty acids, aerobic exercise can play a significant role in reducing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome, which according to the current results, this effect is relatively associated with the role of mayonectin.  Manuscript profile

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317 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
khatereh naderipoor abdoreza kazemi

AbstractObesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the presen More

AbstractObesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of Myonectine and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In this study 21 obese women were allocated to exercise and control groups. Exercise training program comprised of 3 weekly sessions of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks that included running with 50 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate. 48 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session blood samples were collected and serum levels of Myonectine were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to assess differences between groups. Serum levels of Myonectine in the experimental group increased, but not significantly (p=0/08). and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.006). According to the results, that is increase serum levels of myonectin and decrease insulin resistance, on the other hand, concerning myonectin role in increasing fatty acids uptake, exercise training can play important role in decreasing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome that respect to present study, this effect partly related to Myonectin roles.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

318 - Factor affecting the rural woman's socio-economic status
Tahere Maleki Mohana Shahmoradi Ali A Mirakzadeh Elham Najafi Kakavand Jeiran ChamCham

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Open Access Article

319 - Sociological analysis of social status discrimination of women's sports
mohammad javad rahbari baris حسن قاسمعلی پور Bahram Ghadimi tayebeh zargar

The purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statist More

The purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statistical population included specialists and experts such as professors in the field of sociology, sports sociology, women's sports officials in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by analyzing the text of the interviews and after conceptualization in the open coding stage, 60 primary concepts (first level) and 13 secondary themes (level 2) and 4 main themes of unequal gender opportunities, gender justice infrastructures, unfamiliar gender norms and social barriers based on gender (third level) were identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

320 - Investigating the Relationship between Women's Personality- Cultural Traits and Preference in Selecting the Style of Accessories
Maryam Mounesi Sorkheh Kosar Salehi Mourkani

https://doi.org/10.61186/iau.1104679

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between women’s personality- cultural traits and the preference in selecting the styles of accessories. The statistical population included the 20 t0 35 years old female residents in Tehran downtown and up More

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between women’s personality- cultural traits and the preference in selecting the styles of accessories. The statistical population included the 20 t0 35 years old female residents in Tehran downtown and uptown in 2023. The sample subsumed 369 women whom were selected via convenient sampling procedure. To collect data Styles Accessories Questionnaire and Personality Traits Check Lists were implemented. The results indicated that individuals with the trait of extroversion welcome the casual style because of its simplicity and their second priority was classic style. Females with the trait of agreement and compatibility, since they didn't want to distance themselves from the ongoing traditions, they felt more comfortable with classic and casual style in the first priorities. Individuals with high conscientiousness, classic and formal style was their first priority and romantic style was their second priority. And due to the importance of order and specific principles, the use of avant-garde style was the last priority. Subjects with high neuroticism preferred the casual style because it was easy to wear and the romantic style because of its more elegance. And individuals with the trait of accepting new experiences selected casual and vintage styles. According to the findings, it could be reported that the society, especially women and girls, pay more and more attention to the use of accessories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

321 - A meta-combination of qualitative studies in the field of happiness of women in Iran
mohsen niazi Atiye Rezayi Ali Farhadian

Happy women, wives and mothers strengthen the family unit at the micro level and inject happiness into society at the macro level; Because a happy person is an innovative, efficient, productive, creative and constructive person. Therefore, recognizing happiness is an un More

Happy women, wives and mothers strengthen the family unit at the micro level and inject happiness into society at the macro level; Because a happy person is an innovative, efficient, productive, creative and constructive person. Therefore, recognizing happiness is an undeniable and indisputable necessity in today's world. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting women's happiness and design a model of factors affecting women's happiness. The research community is the articles of authoritative scientific-research journals related to the subject, which have been published during the years 1300-1400. The research sample was 13 standard research articles which were selected and reviewed from 92 articles after ranking them. The research method was qualitative and meta-combined. After extracting the factors affecting women's happiness, the results showed that, in the mentioned articles 61 concepts were identified and approved by experts in the field of women and family. Finally, the concepts were classified into 5 main categories of individual, society, family, social capital and lifestyle and their sub-categories and were explained as factors affecting women's happiness and presented in the form of a model. The findings indicated that, the presented analytical model for the factors affecting women's happiness was compatible with Maslow's pyramid of needs hierarchy. Manuscript profile

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322 - The lived experience of management in order to transfer implicit knowledge of management to women managers
faranak mosavi

Lived experience of management in order to transfer tacit knowledge of management for womenThe purpose of this research is to express and analyze the experiences of holding the post of vice president in the two areas of educational vice president and student vice presid More

Lived experience of management in order to transfer tacit knowledge of management for womenThe purpose of this research is to express and analyze the experiences of holding the post of vice president in the two areas of educational vice president and student vice president in the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah branch with the method of narrative analysis with a narrative self-exploration approach that can be used in the category of ethnographic research from the category of ethnographic research. And also categorized with the approach of feminism with emphasis on women's experience. This research has a qualitative and phenomenological approach. This narrative is retrospective in terms of time and pragmatism in terms of perspective. The data source of this research is the author's experiences, memories, efforts and records from university management at the highest level, which is arranged in the narrative style. The population and statistical sample of this research is a female member of the academic staff of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch, who has the experience of two management positions at the level of vice president of the university. The findings of the research show that the management position for women brings unique capabilities and limitations and experiences.Lived experience of management in order to transfer tacit knowledge of management for womenThe purpose of this research is to express and analyze the experiences of holding the post of vice president in the two areas of educational vice president and student vice president in the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah branch with the method of narrative analysis with a narrative self-exploration approach that can be used in the category of ethnographic research from the category of ethnographic research. And also categorized with the approach of feminism with emphasis on women's experience. This research has a qualitative and phenomenological approach. Manuscript profile

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323 - Investigating the Relationship between Social Violence and Violence Against Women in Cyber Space (Case Study: Women 20-45 years old in Tehran)
Bahareh Hemat pour Reza Ali Mohseni Amir masoud Amir Mazaheri

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social link and violence against women in cyberspace among women aged 20 to 45 years in Tehran using a scrolling method. In the framework of the theoretical framework, theories such as social link theory, g More

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social link and violence against women in cyberspace among women aged 20 to 45 years in Tehran using a scrolling method. In the framework of the theoretical framework, theories such as social link theory, group matching and cyber violence have been used. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size is 386 people who have been selected and studied by multistage cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made combination questionnaire. The findings of the hypothesis test on the relationship between variables indicate that, along with the increase in the social bond of women and the family attachment of violence against women, the results of regression analysis also indicate that the social involvement variable is more than Other variables affect violence against women Manuscript profile

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324 - The effect of quality of life on fertility of women working in welfare in Tehran province
Bita Azizi Mohammad javad Ghaedmohammady

     Quality of life is a topic that has been considered the most important issue in the twentieth century. With the socio-economic development of countries and the twentieth century. With the socio- economic development of countries and the advancem More

     Quality of life is a topic that has been considered the most important issue in the twentieth century. With the socio-economic development of countries and the twentieth century. With the socio- economic development of countries and the advancement of humanities, technology has gradually become more prosperous, and since it is a complex, complex and multidimensional issue capable of doing work, health, well- being, and mental well- being, this research it sought to answer, as far as possible, the main research question of the impact of quality of life on fertility of women working in welfare organization of Tehran province. To achieve this, a descriptive- analytic method was used and the quality of life questionnaire was used in the statistical population (all married women in the welfare organization of Tehran province (aged 15 to 45 years).  The results of the current research suggest that quality of life is associated with fertility, so that as quality of life increased, beliefs are reduced. Manuscript profile

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325 - The role of women's political participation in the process of sustainable development (in the three governments: reformist, Fundamentalist and moderate)
Behrang Sadighi Pardis Ameri

Abstract Due to the increasing participation of members of the society, it is necessary to analyze the women participation in every aspects as a half of the population of the country. This research is about to answer the generalized questions: How is the representation More

Abstract Due to the increasing participation of members of the society, it is necessary to analyze the women participation in every aspects as a half of the population of the country. This research is about to answer the generalized questions: How is the representation of women’s rule in political participation development in developmental documents of the I.R.R and in authorities point of wives, by analyzing role of women’s political participation in the sustainable development process, according to the qualities of the representation of this rule by its level of importance. According to the results, reasons of women not getting involved into the political participations is beyond law and policy, processing research data collected by theoretical sampling in 3 deferent governments in IRAN reveals that there are 10 major and 24 more sub-topics about participations of women in sustainable developments in cultural, social, legal and governmental aspects. In summary this research has been achieved "the process of grey upheaval" by examining this zone and mainstream changes in deferent political and social time gaps.  According to the results, confusions are seen in the gender mainstreaming in the country, which could be explained by this theory. Manuscript profile

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326 - The role urban management on women’s social security in the public places (sample research: municipality, region 8)
Tahereh Vousugh Akram Naserie Fard

Abstract:      Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and More

Abstract:      Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and urban officials. Hence, recognition and pathology such spaces have deep effect on the reduction of urban crime and creating security among citizenry on side, the increasing meaningful co-ownership. Therefore, we have dealt with investigating the role of urban management on social security feeling of women in this research. The statistical population was geographic area of 8th region of district and all women who were resident were in this statistical population. For determination of sample volume, we used Cochran method. According to this sampling estimate, they were 176 persons. Research tool was questionnaire. Obtained data with the use of SPSS software was analyzed. Manuscript profile

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327 - College Women's role in prevention of injury community family
Narges Babakhani Haniyeh Badieii Sahar Pakdaman

Abstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, More

Abstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, the staff and faculty women of Roudehen Islamic Azad University, 100 people (40 officers, 60 teachers) were selected through stratified random sampling method. They were testing the questionnaire was made by the researcher. This includes components, family relationships, child education, Family economics and mental health. Accepted Reliability was 0.82. Hypotheses were tested in statistical analysis (descriptive and inferential) statistical methods (One T Test). The Result Shows The presence of women in the university have positive effects on Family relationships, child education, economic and welfare family status, and their mental health in prevention of families' social injuries. Manuscript profile

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328 - Sociological approach to women’s politics in the early Islam
الهه ضابطی اکبر معصومه رشاد

Half of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with p More

Half of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with preservation of their magnanimous and purity, they have been successful in many cases. This research is done to explore sociological participation of women Muslims in the early Islam from time of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) uprising (the year of 62 Lunar Hijri) to reach the scientific achievement of the extent and effective role of women in Islamic society. It uses historical documents studying and the method of gathering information in attributional. The conclusions of this study depict that women did not have a prominent position before the Islam and were deprived of many of their humanistic rights and with the emergence of Islam, a holistic transformation was made in women’s prestige and position in a way that in different fields such as fealty, Hejira and defense of Imams, they were helpers of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and Imam of time as well as men. Besides, Islam agrees with the political and social presence of women in society; however to preserve the family and women’s dignity and prevention of being abused, Islam has set a framework for women presence in society which the most important of them are having Hijab and purity and attending the women relationships with men in social activities. Manuscript profile

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329 - The relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization in 2014
Maryam Ajourlou Habib allah Aghabakhshi

Abstract The purpose of conducting the present study was to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization. In the present study, using random sampling 170 women working in Karaj Welfare Organ More

Abstract The purpose of conducting the present study was to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization. In the present study, using random sampling 170 women working in Karaj Welfare Organization in 2015 were selected as sample group and provided with Tet social intelligence (2008) and Keynesian social health questionnaires. For data analysis, statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis have been used. The results obtained in this study show that a significant relationship is found between emotional intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization (P> 0.05). Manuscript profile

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330 - Sociological study to establish shelters for abused women in Tehran's support
Parvaneh Bayati Tahmineh Shams Mashhadi

This study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and  purpose of this  survey was  evaluation  the potential  of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research  used the method of matrix More

This study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and  purpose of this  survey was  evaluation  the potential  of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research  used the method of matrix analysis of the model determining  strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats to the way strategic analysis (SWOT) and compare the strategy of internal and external factors together to  provide strategies about transitional housing for women. The results  showed Improved health-related policies in the prevention of domestic violence against women, Create a supportive environment, health centers,  transitional housing, particularly   increased government attention in human capital for women of domestic violence, Capacity of government and non-government use of public information laws legal support structures for women, Strengthening judicial institutions, social work and counseling in family courts, Strengthen the various sectors of society to participate in programs to create  transitional housing for women, Women's empowerment in the face of problems and living a healthy life skills training can prevent or reduce the impact of violence against women  cab be effective. Manuscript profile

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331 - Forecast of Mental Wellbeing and Public Health Based on the stress perceived by the mediation of his compassion in women athletes in Tehran
shadi Kabiri Aq Ziarat afsaneh taheri khadijeh abolmaali al hoseyni

Having health and vitality with exercise can provide the conditions for different work and activities of the people and succeed in different areas of life, whether professional or family environment. This requires an active life. Well -being refers to a sense of health More

Having health and vitality with exercise can provide the conditions for different work and activities of the people and succeed in different areas of life, whether professional or family environment. This requires an active life. Well -being refers to a sense of health that the complete awareness of the integrity and integrity that deals all aspects of the individual was the purpose of this study was to predict mental well -being and public health based on the stress perceived by their compassion in Tehran's athletes. This was a descriptive correlational study performed by structural equations. It was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was all athletes referred to sports clubs in Tehran. 250 people were selected by available sampling method. Participants responded using a link to the mental well -being questionnaire, the public health questionnaire, their compassion questionnaire and the perceived stress scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software. In general, path analysis showed that compassion in the direction between stress and mental well -being did not have the ability to mediate. In addition, compassion had no role in the perceived sterile path to general health and body image to public health. And it can be concluded that women athletes probably managed their stress using coping strategies. Manuscript profile

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332 - A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of Women Referred to Counseling Centers of Tehran
Monireh Kordloo جواد خلعتبری bagher sanai

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of women referred to counseling centers of Tehran psychological organizations. In this s More

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of women referred to counseling centers of Tehran psychological organizations. In this study, 42 subjects of married women referring to counseling centers of the Psychological Organization were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 14 each. The three questionnaires were SWLS for life satisfaction, SF-36 for quality of life, and Oxford questionnaire was given to the clients as pre-test and post-test. The control group received only pre-test and post-test without any intervention; the experimental groups were trained in a 12-session positive-balance method using an Islamic approach based on balance selection. After a few months, tests were repeated in two experimental groups to evaluate the reliability of treatment. The results of the comparisons indicated that the psychotherapy based on the positivist approach compared with the control group significantly increased the participants' scores on the scales of quality of life, happiness and satisfaction. Participants of the Islamic approach based on balance selection compared with the control group also showed a significant increase in scores of Quality of Life (p and happiness .There was a significant difference between the scores of the participants in the Islamic approach group based on the balance selection, and control in the follow-up and the satisfaction scores of the women in the Islamic approach group from the post-test to the follow-up significantly increased. Keyword: Positive Psychology, Islamic Approach Based on Balance Selection, Quality of Life, Life Satisfaction, Happiness and Married Women Manuscript profile

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333 - Psychometric properties of the Domestic Violence Questionnaire in women
Bahman Shafiee

Introduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to More

Introduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to address this problem is evident. Ineffective and inefficient methods of fighting against domestic violence, could be retaliation, angry a long time, leaving home and noted. And effective coping methods can be used to silence one of the parties, talking after relaxation, help seeking guidance from the elders visiting family counseling centers, bearing a mention. Questionnaire design how to deal with domestic violence on women is particularly important to reduce the side effects of domestic violence on women. This study aimed to determine the psychometric questionnaire designed to deal with domestic violence against women. Methods: In this study, the methodology, after a review of existing studies and literature, basic phrases and then design the questionnaire validity and reliability was determined using different methods. To determine the validity of the method of face validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest methods through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: After reviewing the literature, the questionnaire's content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis 69/34 Hara percent of variance explained. Reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/82 and 0/81 Test-retest reliability coefficient. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of 32 words, how to deal with domestic violence against women was confirmed. This is a tool to measure how to deal with domestic violence on women used in other studies. Manuscript profile

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334 - An investigation and comparison of the images of men and women In Dehkhoda’s Amsal-o-Hekan
Nahid Shamlou

A research of this genre is one of the ways that can shed some light on the condition and position of men and women in the eyes of the people.  This article strives to answer the following questions: How are men and women depicted in “Proverbs and Mottos&rdqu More

A research of this genre is one of the ways that can shed some light on the condition and position of men and women in the eyes of the people.  This article strives to answer the following questions: How are men and women depicted in “Proverbs and Mottos”? How are their images regarding sexual clichés or conventional beliefs represented? What characteristics are given to their mannerisms? Are there any conventional biased beliefs towards them?  If so, what is expected of them? Dehkhoda’s “Proverbs and Mottos’ (Amsal- o Hekam) covers 2604 pages in four volumes and contains 22134 proverbs and wise sayings. In general in this book one bears witness to the overall approval of the conventional beliefs.  The results of this investigation are fully discussed in the text.   Manuscript profile

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335 - Study of collateral dimensions and operating traits of high schizotypal and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms
Amrollah Ebrahimi Zahra Emami Seyyed Mohamad Hasan Kalantar Moetamedi Hamid Nasiri deh Sotkhi

Coronary heart disease and deaths resulting from it are rising and is the most important factor for mortality and disability in Iran. The role of positive psychological factors as mediators in the disease course and recovery process is debatable. The aim of this study i More

Coronary heart disease and deaths resulting from it are rising and is the most important factor for mortality and disability in Iran. The role of positive psychological factors as mediators in the disease course and recovery process is debatable. The aim of this study is to evaluate particular positive psychopathological factors in relation to certain indicators of recovery after heart surgery. Therefore, in a correlational descriptive study, 43 patients, referred for heart surgery to Jamaran Heart Center in Tehran, were selected through availability sampling method and assessed for forgiveness, dysfunctional attitudes, depression, anxiety, stress, and cardiac recovery index prior to, after, and three month following heart surgery. Regression analysis revealed correlation between dysfunctional attitude and increase in depression, increase in forgiveness and decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, from the three subscales of forgiveness, resentment control with all three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress; and the variable of realistic understanding only with anxiety showed a significant inverse relationship. Additionally, forgiveness and dysfunctional attitudes can predict after surgery fever, pain, and shortness of breath through mediation of depression, anxiety, and stress scores. It seems that psychological factors are effective on recovery process of heart diseases from which forgiveness is the influencing factor on psychological health and in this way, psychological health, based on indicators of stress, anxiety, and depression, affect recovery process of patients with hearth diseases. Manuscript profile

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336 - The effectiveness of integrated model of emotional focused approach and Gottman model on Fear of Intimacy and anxiety in infertile women
Javad Khalatbari Fatemeh Hashemi Golpayegani

Infertility is a complex crisis in life, and perhaps this is why many authors have likened the psychological consequences of infertility to the general mourning. Studies have shown that psychological factors can contribute to infertility, and that infertility also has p More

Infertility is a complex crisis in life, and perhaps this is why many authors have likened the psychological consequences of infertility to the general mourning. Studies have shown that psychological factors can contribute to infertility, and that infertility also has psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Gottman model of emotional-consensual model on the fear of intimacy and intimacy in infertility. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test with control group, 22 infertile women referring to infertility centers and medical diagnostic laboratory of Qods of Tehran province were selected using available sampling method. A randomized design was applied to experimental and control groups. The groups were evaluated for fear of intimacy and anxiety before and after the intervention. The experimental group was subjected to intermittent interventional thrill-fusion simulation for 10 sessions of 120 minutes using the Johnson group intervention program and the Bowlby attachment theory and several key categories of the Gottman model. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of the combined model caused a significant reduction in the fear of infertility and anxiety among infertile persons. It seems that teaching the integrated model of an exciting approach and the Gottman model can be used to reduce the Fear of Infertility and the anxiety of infertile women. Manuscript profile

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337 - Investigating the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital compatibility in infertile women
Hamideh Samadi Mohsen Dostkam

Infertility affects various aspects of individuals’ life, and perhaps could be considered as one of the most common and stressful events in people's lives. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of treatment based on commitment and acceptance on ma More

Infertility affects various aspects of individuals’ life, and perhaps could be considered as one of the most common and stressful events in people's lives. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of treatment based on commitment and acceptance on marital compatibility among infertile women who referred to health and medical centers at Mashhad Medical Sciences University. In order to do so, through a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and control group, 30 infertile women were selected by availability sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (n=15). Subjects in both groups were tested for marital compatibility prior and following the implementation of the research. The experimental group received ten sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy; whereas the control group received no interventions. The result of multi-variable covariance analysis presented that Acceptance and Commitment therapy is effective on marital compatibility among infertile women (0/05>P). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment therapy improves marital compatibility in infertile women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

338 - The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women
Saber Rezanejad Zeynab Mehri babadi Akram khani Rozveh

Introduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical populatio More

Introduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

339 - Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Rumination in Women Applying for Divorce
mozhgan sarempour Nadereh Sohrabi shekaftee

Purpose: The healthiest human society is a society whose smallest unit, the family, is healthy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on rumination in women seeking divorce. Methodology: The current r More

Purpose: The healthiest human society is a society whose smallest unit, the family, is healthy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on rumination in women seeking divorce. Methodology: The current research design was an experimental design with pre-test-post-test-follow-up. In the present study, rumination questionnaire (1991) and compassion-focused treatment protocol were used. The statistical population included all women applying for divorce who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 40 women applying for divorce who were selected through a purposeful method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of compassion-focused therapy (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Findings: The results of data analysis showed that compassion-focused therapy was significantly effective in reducing rumination in women seeking divorce, so that the within group effect size was 0.56 and the between group effect size was 0.57 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, compassion-focused treatment can be used as an effective treatment method to reduce rumination in women applying for divorce. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

340 - Prediction of latent Relational aggression based on the dark triad personality with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women
Faezeh Peimanpak رویا رسولی sara karimi

Purpose: The present study aimed to predict latent marital aggression based on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women. Method: 307 married women of Tehran city were selecte More

Purpose: The present study aimed to predict latent marital aggression based on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women. Method: 307 married women of Tehran city were selected by voluntary sampling method and were answered to the Couples Relational Aggression and Victimization Scale (Nelson & Carroll, 2006), the Short Version of Dark Triad Personality Traits (Paulhus & Jones, 2014), The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (Tangney, 1996) and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996) through an online survey. The research method was correlational, structural equation modeling type and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software. Findings: The findings of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Machiavellianism with rejection sensitivity, shame with the dimensions of latent marital aggression including love withdrawal and social sabotage, but there is no significant relationship between narcissistic personality and rejection sensitivity, shame, love withdrawal and social sabotage. Anti-socialism had a positive and significant relationship with rejection sensitivity, shame and social sabotage; but it was not related to love withdrawal. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between rejection sensitivity and shame with love withdrawal and social sabotage. The findings of structural equation modeling showed that Machiavellianism, anti-socialism, rejection sensitivity and shame positively predict love withdrawal and social sabotage. Narcissism has no direct or indirect effect on love withdrawal and social sabotage. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the mediating role of rejection sensitivity and shame in the relationship between Machiavellianism and anti-socialism with love withdrawal and social sabotage among women Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that women's rejection sensitivity and shame in relation to dark triad personality traits of Machiavellian and antisocial personality are related to latent marital aggression. Conflict of interest: According to the author of this article, there has been no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

341 - Analysis of the consumption of new media among women in Tehran (Case study: the extent and type of use of virtual social networks)
Akram boorboor سمیه تاجیک اسماعیلی

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includ More

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). The results also showed that Tehrani women mostly use Telegram to receive information and gain knowledge and are at a weak level in terms of content production. Women mostly use Instagram pages and other people's personal experiences on Twitter to receive various trainings. Female Facebook users are more active in commenting for others. Manuscript profile

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