Government

Open Access Article

1 - Explaining the concept of public service marketing
reza tayaran Mohammad Taleghani

Many experts believe that the legitimacy of governments depends on the amount of providing quality "public services". Public services are performed with the aim of providing public benefits, and if the government does not have the power to perform this task, it loses it More

Many experts believe that the legitimacy of governments depends on the amount of providing quality "public services". Public services are performed with the aim of providing public benefits, and if the government does not have the power to perform this task, it loses its competence. The legitimacy of governments depends not only on the nature of the services they provide, but also on how they are provided. (Vaazi, Reza; Sohrabi, Shahla, 2017). There is strong evidence that the private sector provides better quality services than the public sector. However, the public sector must always review and review its services; Because today's clients do not accept the slightest dissatisfaction. In this regard, according to the notification of the executive policies of Article 44 of the Constitution, government organizations must improve the quality of their services and seek the satisfaction of the clients in order to remain in the field of competition. In today's world, customers are at the center of attention of companies, and their satisfaction is the main factor in gaining a competitive advantage of organizations. Accurate identification of their expectations, tendencies, abilities and limitations in purchasing products has been more and more noticed by companies. In order to manage public services, obtain satisfaction and communicate with customers, a deep study and research should be done to examine and explain the concept of public service marketing, and this article is also compiled to investigate this general goal. Therefore, in this research, an effort has been made to identify, explain and investigate the methods, basic assumptions and basic concepts of public service marketing in the form of a set of opportunities, challenges and solutions. The current research method is descriptive and analytical based on documentary and library sources and tries to explain So Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A comparative study of the opinions of clients and managers of non-governmental employment agencies regarding the relationship between service marketing factors and customer attraction
Fereydon omidi

Organizations with whatever purpose they are formed, are required to satisfy their customers. This requirement comes from the divine commands to preserve the dignity of human beings, from the law and social motivations, as well as from the necessity of providing organiz More

Organizations with whatever purpose they are formed, are required to satisfy their customers. This requirement comes from the divine commands to preserve the dignity of human beings, from the law and social motivations, as well as from the necessity of providing organizational benefits to obtain appropriate profits. The purpose of this research is to compare the opinions of clients and non-governmental recruitment managers regarding the relationship between service factors and location in order to improve the performance of non-governmental recruitment to obtain more satisfaction from clients and attract more of them. The research sample includes managers and clients of non-governmental employment agencies in Khuzestan province (N=260), according to available sources and special questionnaires on the effect of mixed marketing factors. The service by attracting customers and the characteristics of non-governmental employment services, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. In this research, two types of tests have been used, the sum of ranks test and the Faridman test, considering that there were two types of independent statistical population (statistical population of managers and statistical population of customers), these tests were used to test the hypotheses. . The obtained results show. There is a significant difference between the opinions of clients and non-government recruitment managers regarding the mixed factors of service marketing and location. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Collecting Tax Based on the Use of Governmental Resources and Facilities
GholamReza Rezaei Mohammad Sadeghzadeh Maharluie Mitra Shouraki

Objective: The purpose of the present research in the first stage is to investigate tax evasion and satisfaction from the point of view of tax payers and investigate government expenses from the point of view of tax staffs in the current state of tax collection in the c More

Objective: The purpose of the present research in the first stage is to investigate tax evasion and satisfaction from the point of view of tax payers and investigate government expenses from the point of view of tax staffs in the current state of tax collection in the country. In the second stage, this research seeks to present a new model regarding the method of calculating and collecting taxes based on the use of government resources and facilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Rantyr Government and the Democratic Process Case Study: The Countries geopolitical Region Persian Gulf
Hojat Mahkoeui Maryam Shabani Hasan Bavir

One of the issues that is a major concern for countries in governance in this century, also called the third millennium, is the discussion of democracy. Today, democracy is recognized as one of the ways of government, which has a great ability to meet the demands of seg More

One of the issues that is a major concern for countries in governance in this century, also called the third millennium, is the discussion of democracy. Today, democracy is recognized as one of the ways of government, which has a great ability to meet the demands of segments and groups living in a territorial territory. In Gulf countries with huge oil and gas energy reserves, the process of establishing democracy has been influenced by oil rents and the economy of oil sales. These countries are mainly referred to as rentier states. This article examines the effects of oil rents on the process of democracy and its establishment in the Persian Gulf countries in a descriptive - analytical way and using library resources and internet resources. The results show that in the Gulf countries, which are rich in oil and gas sales and huge reserves of this type of energy, the money from the sale of these resources has challenged the process and the establishment of democracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Political pathology of tourism industry development with emphasis on the role of effective local management in Lorestan province
Nezam Javanmardy رضا جلالی Jahanbakhsh Izadi Alireza Soltani

The increasing complexities and decreasing capacity of planning and policy management are among the most important topics related to the development and management of tourism planning, decentralization, self-management and regional management. As we have seen, in recent More

The increasing complexities and decreasing capacity of planning and policy management are among the most important topics related to the development and management of tourism planning, decentralization, self-management and regional management. As we have seen, in recent years, many researches have been conducted in this field and a mutual relationship has been established between the three variables of political science and management, planning and policy-making in order to plan for development. But there are two methods for developing and managing tourism planning; In the first method of governance, the central government is in charge of all affairs, in fact, the system is centrally managed and planned, in the second method, which is called governance, local management and planning are among the four main pillars of local governance, namely municipalities, local councils. , non-governmental organizations and the private sector are divided, each of these pillars provide resources for development and management. The article tries to answer this question, how can the main pillars of the local government, by providing the necessary resources and their potential, manage and plan tourism and accelerate the process of planning, policymaking and development? It seems that the main pillars with their joint relationship and providing resources accelerate the process of management and development, the municipality provides resources and technical facilities, local councils are the source of civil society (including social and cultural assets), the private sector It provides management resources and effective productivity methods, and non-governmental organizations are institutions created by the people, which are the source of empowering citizens for local responsibility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Analysis of the role of strategic factors in the design of the implementation model of the privatization of sports venues and spaces in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of the country (with an emphasis on the implementation of Article 88 of the Law on Government Financial Regulations)
Gholamhasan Rahmannia Seddigheh Tootian Isfahani Gholamreza Hashemzade khorasegani

Objective: The purpose of the research is to analyze the role of strategic factors in the design of the implementation model for the privatization of sports facilities and spaces in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of the country (with an emphasis on More

Objective: The purpose of the research is to analyze the role of strategic factors in the design of the implementation model for the privatization of sports facilities and spaces in the less developed regions of the northern provinces of the country (with an emphasis on the implementation of Article 88 of the Government Financial Regulations). Methods: This research is practical and has been done quantitatively. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the employees of the general sports and youth departments of the northern provinces of the country, numbering 420 people. The content and form validity of the questionnaire was given to a number of related university expert professors and a number of managers in the executive field of sports. Then, through Cronbach's alpha method, its reliability or internal consistency was calculated and confirmed with software (SPSS). Then, the reliability and validity of the structure was checked and confirmed in the steps reported in the findings section using Lisrel software. Structural-interpretive modeling method was also used. Results: The model fit indices of the suitability of the model for measuring strategic factors in the design of the model for the privatization of sports venues and spaces with the RMSEA value of 0.045, and considering that it is less than 0.1, it indicates the mean squared errors of the model. Also, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is less than 3. The GFI, AGFI and NFI indices are equal to 0.94, 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the matters that can be assigned should be in accordance with the ability and level of readiness of the private sector in voluntary participation, and the government should provide conditions that encourage the private sector to accept responsibility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Identification Challenges for fitting out of Government Structure Using Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approaches (MCDM)
masoud bastami reza najafbagy kramallah Daneshfard Adel Fatmi

the structure of organization of states is shaped by the purposes, necessities, needs and necessities of every era. With this aim, the main purpose of this research is to present a model of the challenges of fitting the structure of the government in implementing a comp More

the structure of organization of states is shaped by the purposes, necessities, needs and necessities of every era. With this aim, the main purpose of this research is to present a model of the challenges of fitting the structure of the government in implementing a comprehensive reform of the administrative system. This research in terms of collecting data is a descriptive-survey research,, and in terms of research purposes is an applied research. The statistical population of the research has been scientific and executive experts in the academic environment and governmental organizations. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and to analysis the data multi-criteria decision-making approaches (MCDM) was used. In this research, by examining the literature of research and interviewing with experts, 66 indicators were identified and extracted. After judging the experts, using Fuzzy Delphi test, 29 indicators were approved and organized in 5 main components. The results of the Dematel test (studying the effectiveness and impact of variables) showed that the variables of privatization, decentralization and proportionalization, effectiveness variables, and the state structure and bureaucracy are impact variables. Interpretative structural modeling analysis also showed that variables were classified in two levels. At the highest level, the component of bureaucracy and at the lowest level are the components of government structure, adjustment, privatization and decentralization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Review of Research Trend in Electronic Governance
Fatemeh Abbasi Jafar mahmudi Mojtaba Aghajantabar

In this research we aimed to investigate electronic governance trends and uses meta-synthesis for selecting and reviewing papers in scientific database in electronic governance dealt. We use science measurement and network analysis to complete our survey. After a review More

In this research we aimed to investigate electronic governance trends and uses meta-synthesis for selecting and reviewing papers in scientific database in electronic governance dealt. We use science measurement and network analysis to complete our survey. After a review article on findings in most inclined, conducted research techniques, original and influential works, authors, journals and discussed the main countries leading in this area. The process, procedures, techniques and tools, structure, concepts, models of the original concept, the main theories and paradigms, paradigms of thought and philosophy, science map and summing up the results of the findings of this study.. Electronic governance emphasis on interaction between government, private sector and citizens in using information technology drivers. We survey the interaction between electronic government, electronic commerce and electronic democracy. Reviewing article show that interpretive paradigm dominate in this field . The major areas of research are qualitative and objective view of the nature of the problem and are often descriptive and evaluative. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Identify and Prioritize the Antecedents and Implications Visionary Leadership Style Using fuzzy Delphi Approach
Mohammad Hakkak abdollah saedi masoome momenimofrad

Purpose: The present study aims Identification and explanation Effective factors and outcomes of visionary leadership style using approach Delphi Fuzzy in governmental organizations conducted. Method: This approach combined with quantitative and qualitative research amo More

Purpose: The present study aims Identification and explanation Effective factors and outcomes of visionary leadership style using approach Delphi Fuzzy in governmental organizations conducted. Method: This approach combined with quantitative and qualitative research among the preceding studies on inductive deductive paradigm is that in terms of purpose, functional and terms of the nature and methods descriptive. The statistical population of the present study consists of knowledge workers of Lorestan province, whose 24 experts have been selected based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using a targeted sampling method. In the qualitative part of the study, semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified using CVR coefficient and Kaplan-Cohen test. In addition, a quantitative comparison questionnaire was used to collect information. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified using content validity and re-test. In the qualitative section, the data obtained from the interview were analyzed using the Atlas.ti software and the coding method and the visionary leadership style has been identified. Also, in the quantitative part of the research, using the Delphi Fuzzy technique, the prioritization of visionary leadership style and extensions was made and the most important factors and consequences were identified. Findings: The results indicate that among the antecedents of visionary leadership style are the leader, the risk-taking of the leader, determination and determination, high self-confidence, strategic thinking and synchronization of others as the most important factors in creating a visionary leadership style at the governmental organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Designing a model of managerial courage in government organizations is based on a data approach
fatemeh sohrabi akbar hasanpoor bizhan abdolahi saeid jafarinia

In order to have an effective and efficient management system, powerful and courageous managers must be trained. The main purpose of this study is to design a model of managerial courage in governmental organizations that has been done qualitatively using the data-drive More

In order to have an effective and efficient management system, powerful and courageous managers must be trained. The main purpose of this study is to design a model of managerial courage in governmental organizations that has been done qualitatively using the data-driven approach. The statistical population of this research is the managers of governmental organizations in Kurdistan province. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method. The theoretical sampling method was purposeful and snowball technique, based on which interviews were conducted with managers of government organizations. Data were obtained after 11 interviews, duplication and theoretical saturation, but 15 interviews were conducted. The results of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, pivotal and selective coding process resulted in the creation of 140 codes, 8 concepts, 3 main categories and the formation of a foundation data theory in the field of modeling managerial courage in governmental organizations. Findings were compiled in three axes of managerial courage dimensions, effective factors on creating managerial courage and consequences of managerial courage in organizations based on data obtained from managers' opinions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A futuristic view of social responsibility in governmental and non-governmental organizations, the application of the Delphi approach
ghazaleh taheriattar نرگس قلی زاده رضا رستم لو احسان نامدار جویمی

Based on the data collected, there is a complete knowledge of the past and current developments of the CSR, but this information lacks the perception of its future potential. The purpose of this research is to investigate the future role of CSR in governmental and non-g More

Based on the data collected, there is a complete knowledge of the past and current developments of the CSR, but this information lacks the perception of its future potential. The purpose of this research is to investigate the future role of CSR in governmental and non-governmental organizations. In this regard, the following questions are designed: 1. How will CSR be important in future in governmental and non-governmental organizations? 2. What general (general) CSR policies affect the future CSR? 3. Which stakeholders will be involved in the dissemination of CSR in future government and non-governmental organizations? In order to clarify the future of CSR, the use of the Delphi technique, which is based on the prediction of the outcome of the consensus, is being addressed and applied in this research. To assess regional and partial differences, the Delphi panel covers more than 112 experts and experts that cover all areas of Tehran's metropolis. Findings of the research indicate that the reasons for the increasing importance of CSR are: increased competition pressure; customers' expectations and pressure; growing environmental and social issues; increasing social awareness and expectations; political reasons; corporate ethical attitudes; Self-concept; employees and staff expectations; pressure from the legal framework; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - modeling the business facilitation governance: based on sixth economic,, social and cultural development plan of IRAN
amir khosro fakhrian gholamreza memarzadeh tehran afsaneh zamani moghaddam fereydon rahnamay rodposhty mohammad ali afshar kazemi

10.30495/jmfr.2023.67385.2683

The quality of governance plays an important role in the quality of the business environment. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of business ease governance within the framework of the law of the Sixth Economic, Social and Cultural Dev More

The quality of governance plays an important role in the quality of the business environment. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of business ease governance within the framework of the law of the Sixth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of the country. The research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection and has a quantitative approach. The study population is the business system of the country and 15 qualified experts were selected to form an expert panel. In the quantitative part and in order to test the model, Abbas abad industrial town with 40,000 people was considered as a statistical population and 380 people were selected as a statistical sample according to Morgan table using stratified random sampling method. The data collection method is field and the tool is a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the opinions of professors and experts and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.76). After extracting the dimensions and components from the theoretical foundations, theoretical saturation was achieved using the fuzzy Delphi technique and fuzzy inference was used to achieve the desired combination of components. The results showed that in governance, the component of single exchange rate and foreign exchange market stability and coverage of fluctuations; In contractual affairs, the component of domestic and foreign investment and in partnership affairs, the component of familiarity with laws are of the most important importance in the desired combination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The effect of implementing the national green bill plan on achieving the goals of E-Government with emphasis on foresight in the electricity company
rasoul ranjbarian Babak Mohamadi

10.30495/jmfr.2022.59977.2438

Eliminating paper electricity bills is an important step towards reducing costs and environmental pollutants, providing accurate, fast, and efficient services, honoring customers, and consolidating and expanding e-government goals. The aim of this study was to determine More

Eliminating paper electricity bills is an important step towards reducing costs and environmental pollutants, providing accurate, fast, and efficient services, honoring customers, and consolidating and expanding e-government goals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eliminating paper bills (National Green Bills Plan) on achieving the goals of e-government with emphasis on foresight in the electricity company . The present study is descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of employees of electricity departments of West Azerbaijan province in 2020, whose number was 720 people who were selected through cluster random sampling; That number was 251 people. In order to check the validity for the researcher-made questionnaire of the National Green Bill Plan, the content validation method was used which was attended by 6 university professors in the field of management and for the standard e-government questionnaire, face validity was used.Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability, so that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the variables of the national green bill plan and the achievement of e-government goals were equal to 0.866 and 0.892, respectively. The results of the reliability study for all dimensions were reported to be greater than 0.7. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the implementation of elimination of paper bills (National Green Bill Plan) has a positive and significant effect on the realization of e-government goals with emphasis on foresight Electricity Company. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Future Image of the Management System of Government Organizations with a Layered Analysis Approach (CLA)
Reza Bid Abadie Amin kumars ahmadie Adel Salavati

The increasing complexity and uncertainty in the various processes of human societies have made it very difficult to identify influential future events by generalizations to the past. Instead of recognizing a state of the future, futures research studies alternative fut More

The increasing complexity and uncertainty in the various processes of human societies have made it very difficult to identify influential future events by generalizations to the past. Instead of recognizing a state of the future, futures research studies alternative futures and offers future-oriented strategies for building the future. This study aimed to explain the future image of the management system of government organizations and the procedures to promote this system in the four layers of Litany, social, discourse, and metaphor based on the method of Causal Layered Analysis. Innovations in this approach make it possible to move from the present to the future by identifying the root causes of a phenomenon in four layers. Moreover, after identifying and explaining the factors affecting the future of a phenomenon, we are enabled to formulate strategies for taking measures and moving from the future to the present. After reviewing the research literature and forming a panel of experts in four stages with 12 experts, we identified the future image of the management system in four layers. Then, we presented five strategies at the level of metaphors, seven strategies at the level of discourses, 21 strategies at the level of systems, and 16 strategies at the level of Litany that can be used to develop and implement the necessary policies to improve the management of government organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - On the relationship between Tehran stock exchange indexes and capital expenses of government
G. Talebnia N. Jalili

The government investments can have strength role in development activity of stock exchange .Therefor,the aim of this research is survey and studying a bout the relationship and effect of capital expenses ofgovernment on the activity of tehran stockexchange as a mainpar More

The government investments can have strength role in development activity of stock exchange .Therefor,the aim of this research is survey and studying a bout the relationship and effect of capital expenses ofgovernment on the activity of tehran stockexchange as a mainpart of capital market and important part ofeconomics. This stady address the following hypothesis: «there is a meaningful relationship between tehranstock exchang indexs and capital expenses of government.» this hypothesis has six secondry hypotheses inwhich the meaningful relationship between capital expenses of government and six tehran stock exchangindexs such as tehran price index, tehran dividend price index, tehran dividend index, financial, industrialand 50 more activ company index (tse-50) are considersd.The results of this research revealed that: there is a positive and meaningful relationship between capitalexpenses of government and tehran price index, tehran dividend price index and industry index, in period ofsurvey and a not very strong relationship between capital expenses of government and tehran dividend,financial and fifty more activ company indexes, on during five years (1377-1381) has been observed.In the light of these findings, we can utilize government financial policy and specialy capital expenses ofgovernment for predict the changes of tehran stock exchange indexs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Functions of electronic government establishment in Iran (Study case: electronic banking)
Parveneh Zeynali Someh Ali Asghar Pourezat Parvin Dodangeh

The aim of establishing the electronic government is offer an easygoing and fastgovernmental services to citizens and affairs.So it is advisable that governments as a first stepfor pitch the electronic government,establish and support the internet,collective and groupwa More

The aim of establishing the electronic government is offer an easygoing and fastgovernmental services to citizens and affairs.So it is advisable that governments as a first stepfor pitch the electronic government,establish and support the internet,collective and groupwaressystems .On the other hand providing easier and faster interactions with custumers and affairs toelectronical services and payment the received services from them,need to creation anddevelopment of electronic banking as a one of the most important fundamentals of electronicgovernment.This research attempt to verify the applications of establishment of electronicgovernment in electronic banking section from view point of services executors for clarifyingthe electronical services,amount of responsiveness to citizens expectations, paperwork and thepercent of citizen trust for utilization of electronical services.In current article , the surveymethod is used and 92 subjects from Refah Karegaran Bank base managers are selected as astatistical sample for poll.Findings show that first of all with development of electronic bankingthe percent of government responsiveness to citizens,their trust to government has increased andofficial formality has decreased so hence of clarity in presenting the governmental servicessystem wasn't approved. Second,there is a significant relationship between the decrease ofofficial formality and increase of people trust towards government and third that there is apositive and significant relation between clarity in offering the services and people trust level togovernment and also between goveerment responsiveness to citizens and people trust level togovernment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Functions of electronic government establishment in Iran (Study case: electronic banking)
Parveneh Zeynali Someh Ali Asghar Pourezat Parvin Dodangeh

The aim of establishing the electronic government is offer an easygoing and fastgovernmental services to citizens and affairs.So it is advisable that governments as a first stepfor pitch the electronic government,establish and support the internet,collective and groupwa More

The aim of establishing the electronic government is offer an easygoing and fastgovernmental services to citizens and affairs.So it is advisable that governments as a first stepfor pitch the electronic government,establish and support the internet,collective and groupwaressystems .On the other hand providing easier and faster interactions with custumers and affairs toelectronical services and payment the received services from them,need to creation anddevelopment of electronic banking as a one of the most important fundamentals of electronicgovernment.This research attempt to verify the applications of establishment of electronicgovernment in electronic banking section from view point of services executors for clarifyingthe electronical services,amount of responsiveness to citizens expectations, paperwork and thepercent of citizen trust for utilization of electronical services.In current article , the surveymethod is used and 92 subjects from Refah Karegaran Bank base managers are selected as astatistical sample for poll.Findings show that first of all with development of electronic bankingthe percent of government responsiveness to citizens,their trust to government has increased andofficial formality has decreased so hence of clarity in presenting the governmental servicessystem wasn't approved. Second,there is a significant relationship between the decrease ofofficial formality and increase of people trust towards government and third that there is apositive and significant relation between clarity in offering the services and people trust level togovernment and also between goveerment responsiveness to citizens and people trust level togovernment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Accounting Conservatism and Debt
B. Banimahd

This paper examines the determinants of debt. Using panel data, the study investigates the effect ofaccounting conservatism on debt. The results of the study indicate that debt is positively correlatedwith accounting conservatism and negatively with return on asset (ROA More

This paper examines the determinants of debt. Using panel data, the study investigates the effect ofaccounting conservatism on debt. The results of the study indicate that debt is positively correlatedwith accounting conservatism and negatively with return on asset (ROA). Governmental ownership isa major factor in determining firm debt and has stronger a relationship with debt than with otherfactors. When the government’s share of firm capital increases, then debt also increases. Firm size hasalso a down positive relationship with debt. An increase in asset turnover leads to increase debt. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The Obstacles for Empowering the Human Resources of The Active Non- Governmental Organizations in Tehran City
A. Sarafizadeh, M. Haji anzahaei

The following research is aiming to recognition the obstacles for empowering the human resources ofthe active bottom up non- governmental organization in Tehran city.The bottom up non- governmental organizations activity for ensuring needs groups of society withfour str More

The following research is aiming to recognition the obstacles for empowering the human resources ofthe active bottom up non- governmental organization in Tehran city.The bottom up non- governmental organizations activity for ensuring needs groups of society withfour strategic: focalization on culture building ideology, institution bulding ideology ,social legalstructure ,compound strategic .of course the optimum strategic is compound strategic that threeprevious strategic similar three triangle rib and capacity building with goal of empowering is centretriangle.In the article ,reviewing non- governmental organizations operation and NGOs influence on thesustainable development . then considered empowering the human resources and influence for thepurpose to quickly reach their goal and to remove the empowerment obstacles.for information gathering, distributed questionnaire in Statistical population performed in onespresence. Statistical population is managerial and amenable liable this organizations in the Tehrancity.In the base of financial resources deficiences theory, unsuitable management method , unreadiness oftarget group and special deficienc is obstacles for empowering the human resources that formed fouraccessory hypothesizes and to experience with independent test (chi-square karl piersoun) and thisliaised is verification.Finally in the base of analyzing data , the suitable method is recommend. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The Opinions of the Jurists(Fuqaha) of Safavid Era on Cooperation with Governments
محمد حسین رجبی(دوانی)

The establishment of Safavid dynasty as an independent Shiitedynasty in Islamic history resulted in a vast argument aboutcomplying with it among political and dominions. Since the dynastywas controlled by superb scholars from the beginning, there wascontroversy among ju More

The establishment of Safavid dynasty as an independent Shiitedynasty in Islamic history resulted in a vast argument aboutcomplying with it among political and dominions. Since the dynastywas controlled by superb scholars from the beginning, there wascontroversy among jurists on the subject. The advent of Akhbārimovement drew scholars' attention of Iran & Iraq and made it popularamong them. If the idea comes true that this movement was a reactionto misapplication of ÝŪlamā' to strengthen the government, then theAkhbāri would be against the government.While the history shows that despite their opposition withgovernmental scholars, they deprived them of their position and tooktheir place in complying with the government. This article deals withscholar's viewpoint on contribution with government and on the ideasand functions of Akhbāri and scholars. (R.H.) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Violence and Torture in the Seljukid era
امید بهرامی نیا

This research refers to an important aspect of the events which occurred in Seljukid era in Iran: violence, torture and hard killing. Seljukid who obtained to power from nomadism  utilized lots of torture and violence and did not observe the religious rules in inte More

This research refers to an important aspect of the events which occurred in Seljukid era in Iran: violence, torture and hard killing. Seljukid who obtained to power from nomadism  utilized lots of torture and violence and did not observe the religious rules in interacting and dealing with others because of their nomadic temperament and their non-civil origin. They, in fact, despite standing in traditionalist groups and so called orthodox in Academic researches, neither practiced the religious rules, nor regarded the rights of people. These hard killings, tortures and inhumane behaviors, of course, did not perform just by Seljuk king, but also the competing groups and other players in the political field of their era, like Ismaili devotees, committed such violent acts.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - A Multi-layer Architecture Based on MCDM Methods to Select the Best E-Readiness Assessment Model According to SWOT Analysis
Mina Sadat Mousavi Kasravi Mohammad Ahmadinia Abbas Rezaiee

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Compiling Indicators of Problem-Based Approach in Quality Evaluation of Governmental Management curriculum and its implementation in Islamic Azad University
ROSTAM GHAREHDAGHI tahmasab kavosi

AbstractBackground: This study is introduced important indicators of problem-based curriculum. Objective: The aim of current exploratory mixed method study was to compile indicators of problem-based curriculum on the bases of Klein's model (1991) and evaluating quality More

AbstractBackground: This study is introduced important indicators of problem-based curriculum. Objective: The aim of current exploratory mixed method study was to compile indicators of problem-based curriculum on the bases of Klein's model (1991) and evaluating quality of curriculum of Governmental Management discipline based on compiled indicators. Methods: Firstly in qualitative phase, through interviewing experts, 36 indicators were compiled. In quantitative phase, using compiled indicators, a questionnaire were administrated and completed by 92 participants including lecturers in Governmental Management. Findings: Application of compiled indicators in curriculum evaluation of Governmental Management discipline revealed that the purpose, content, teaching- learning strategies, materials and resources, learning activities, evaluation, grouping, educational time and needed educational space in that discipline are unfavorable. Conclusion: In order to motivating attentions to the problem-based curriculums, further evaluation studies should be done in other disciplines and backgrounds. Keywords: quality evaluation, curriculum, problem-based approach, criteria, indicator, Governmental Management discipline, Azad Universitiy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Identifying, explaining and measuring the causes of formation of political behavior with an organizational and environmental approach in employees of government Organizations
Ali Khodadad nezhad Abdolkhalegh Gholami

This research was conducted with a developmental-applied purpose and with a descriptive-analytical nature in order to identify, explain and measure the organizational and environmental characteristics effective in the formation of political behaviors in government organ More

This research was conducted with a developmental-applied purpose and with a descriptive-analytical nature in order to identify, explain and measure the organizational and environmental characteristics effective in the formation of political behaviors in government organizations in a combined method. In the qualitative section, using Delphi method, 20 university professors and experienced managers were selected by a combined method of judgment and snowball and were surveyed with a researcher-made questionnaire in three stages. There were ten organizational components, including organizational structure, performance appraisal system, payroll and reward system, participation in decision making, policy making of managers, organizational justice, opportunity for promotion and progress, lack of resources, ambiguity in goals and tasks, organizational conflict and four Invironmental components involving dynamism and change in the environment, macro-government policies, competition and conflict, the intervention of unions and parties were identified and explained In a small section to measure the results of the qualitative section, a questionnaire (researcher-made) was distributed among 284 employees of Gachsaran Oil and Gas Exploitation Company who were selected by simple random method. Data analysis using structural equation test showed that the mentioned organizational and environmental components are significantly related to the formation of political behavior in government organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Explanation of Components of Corporate Governance in Public Sector
omid eslamzadeh naser Izadiniya Daryush Forooghi

Background: In most countries, the Code of Corporate Governance has been approved as a law to improve governmental auditing and sustainable development of public sector and as regards Iran's economy is governmental; therefore, native Iran's economy Corporate Governance More

Background: In most countries, the Code of Corporate Governance has been approved as a law to improve governmental auditing and sustainable development of public sector and as regards Iran's economy is governmental; therefore, native Iran's economy Corporate Governance is essential for the optimal management of resources in this sector.Objective: The purpose of this research was the explaining of components of corporate governance in public sector by attention to experience of other countries and experts’ opinions. Methods: This research is descriptive-exploratory and qualitative-quantitative (combination). To do this research in Delphi and Delphi fuzzy method 20 people of government and Islamic parliament and supreme audit court experts are elected by snowball method. Delphi fuzzy calculations did by Excel software. Findings: Finding showed that four principal components are necessary for corporate governance in government that includes monitoring components (including fifteen subsidiary components), managerial components (including six subsidiary components), technical components (including eight subsidiary components) and ethical components (including two subsidiary components). Conclusion: Corporate governance statute must been corresponding with native situation of country. It is suggested that Islamic Consultative Assembly approve the Code of governmental Corporate Governance according to the native conditions, and supreme audit court hold the responsibility of its monitoring. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Identification and Prioritization of Obstacles in Implementation of Public Policies in Governmental Organizations via Multivariate Decision-Making Models
حسن رنگریز bahram moazeni

Background: Implementation of policies is the manifestation of words and slogans into action. Various challenges, obstacles and limitations exists which could obstruct the implementation of policies. Purpose: The aim this study is identification and prioritization of t More

Background: Implementation of policies is the manifestation of words and slogans into action. Various challenges, obstacles and limitations exists which could obstruct the implementation of policies. Purpose: The aim this study is identification and prioritization of the obstacles in implementation of public policies in Iranian governmental organizations via multi-criteria decision-making models. Method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and with respect to the nature of the data, descriptive and survey. Initially, by means of a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of previous published results, obstacles for implementation of public policies were identified and extracted. Moreover, Shannon’s entropy technique was utilized to screen the identified obstacles. Moreover, via distributing the questionnaire, the pairwise comparisons between the factors was performed and the weights were calculated. In addition, based on the weights, and by means of TOPSIS, VIKOR and SAW methods, prioritization of obstacles for implementation of the public policy was established. Because the results from the aforementioned methods yielded inconsistencies in some cases, the Copeland's pairwise aggregation method was utilized for reaching a consensus on ranking. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Results: Among the obstacles, for implementation of the public policies examined in this study multiplicity of goals, ambiguity in setting the goals, and unrealistic policies gained the highest score and were ranked first. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Identifying and Prioritizing Effective Factors on IoT Applications in Open Government
Parastoo Bahrami Zonooz Mahdi Faghihi Mahmood Alborzi

Field: Governments in developed countries have changed their approach from operatory to a responsible, interactive, accessible, and transparent approach. This leads to a new concept called open government. Open government emphasizes on increasing the interactions betwee More

Field: Governments in developed countries have changed their approach from operatory to a responsible, interactive, accessible, and transparent approach. This leads to a new concept called open government. Open government emphasizes on increasing the interactions between people and government. Thus, tools and platforms are needed that increases the possibility of interacting in a faster way, with more quality. In this research, we suggest IoT due to its possibility of connecting everything and everyone to each other in every time and place. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize effective factors on IoT applications in open government. Methodology: The present research is practical in term of purpose and its main approach is exploratory-descriptive. Research data are gained based on library research, Semi-structured interviews with the experts and through Theme analysis, and prioritized by ANP. Findings: The results show that 21 factors are effective on IoT applications in Open Government that can divide to 5 categories as technical, economical, legal-civil, security and social-cultural. Conclusion: Technical category and providing infrastructure, developing Standards, rules and regulations, providing expert staff and Data security, respectively have the top priority. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Explanation challenges and suggesting ways of Rightsizing Government's structure in performing reform planning in Iran's administrative system
masoud bastami reza najafbagy

Background: Today, the Rightsizing the structure of the government and the administrative system is one of the most controversial issues related to the administration of state affairs. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is the challenges and procedures for Righ More

Background: Today, the Rightsizing the structure of the government and the administrative system is one of the most controversial issues related to the administration of state affairs. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is the challenges and procedures for Rightsizing the structure of the government in implementing the program of reforming the administrative system. Method: This study in terms of collecting the data is a descriptive-survey research, and in terms of purposes is an applied research. . Researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data and the data analysis was performed using SPSS and Excel software. findings In this research, by review the literature of research and interviewing experts, 66 indicators were identified and extracted. After judgment of the experts, 29 factors were confirmed by the use of the Fuzzy Delphi test and were organized in 5 main indicators. The results of the research indicated that based on independent t-test , the status quo of the organization form structure is not suitable and has a significant difference with a favorable situation. Conclusion Regarding the identified challenges, managers' attempts to Rightsizing eliminate them can be a major step in adjusting the structure of the government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Audit policy of management performance and evaluation of the current situation of its agents in government organizations
Amin Hoseinzadeh Noor Mohammad Yaghoubi Vahid Pourshahabi

10.30495/ijpa.2022.67619.10903

Background and Aim: It is expected that policy change in management performance accounting and assessment of the current situation of factors will improve processes, improve external interactions and reduce violations and corruption. Transparency of information resultin More

Background and Aim: It is expected that policy change in management performance accounting and assessment of the current situation of factors will improve processes, improve external interactions and reduce violations and corruption. Transparency of information resulting from cost-effective auditing and efficiency, improving accountability resulting from effectiveness auditing, and promoting trust and accuracy resulting from costeffective auditing are effective in reducing corruption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review and present an audit policy for management performance and assess the current status of its agents in government organizations. Method: The present study is an application-development with a mixed approach. The members of the statistical sample of the qualitative part of the research were experts in the field of management performance auditing of 15 people who were selected based on the snowball technique. 101 employees of selected government departments of Sistan and Baluchestan province who were randomly selected were the statistical sample of the quantitative part of the research. Qualitative data were collected by interview and analyzed based on content analysis technique. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire extracted from the qualitative part of the research and analyzed in SPSS software. Findings The results of the study showed that management performance audit factors include 8 main factors (problem identification and expression (need), strategic objectives, operational objectives, strategic planning, operational planning, performance audit performance, performance audit implications and organizational memory) and 28 Is a subfactor. Conclusion: Also, the evaluation of the status of management performance audit factors showed that except for 9 identified sub-factors, all other factors are in good condition. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The Role of Internal and External Organizations in the Development of Governmental Entrepreneurship (A Case Study of the Melli Bank of Iran)
masoud pourkiani Mehdi Hosseini Naveh Farzaneh Bigzadeh Abbasi Mohammad Jalal Kamali

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of internal and external factors in the development of public entrepreneurship. The existing research is applied in terms of applied and developmental purpose, and in the method of a descriptive research is a correla More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of internal and external factors in the development of public entrepreneurship. The existing research is applied in terms of applied and developmental purpose, and in the method of a descriptive research is a correlation type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the heads and deputies of the Melli Bank of the Provinces and their subordinate cities of 6600. Based on the Morgan table, 364 people were selected as sample by simple random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS23 software. The results of the study showed that internal organizational factors including organizational structure, strategy, system, management style, manpower, skills, and goals have a significant effect on the development of state entrepreneurship. Organizational structure, management skill and system skills are respectively the best predictor of public entrepreneurship. Also, external factors including political, technological, governmental and legal, economic, social and cultural factors, ecology and competition factor on the development of state entrepreneurship have a significant effect and the factor of political, competition, technology and ecology are respectively the best predictor of entrepreneurship government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Provide a conceptual model of e-government development: Review of e-government development in the administrative system reform program
khosrow nouri hadi Hemmatian hassan forati farshad faezirazi

Background:Today governments around the world are modernizing public services and ways to provide them with interaction with citizens through the use of information and communication technology; Accordingly, the development of e-government, which is one of the axes of t More

Background:Today governments around the world are modernizing public services and ways to provide them with interaction with citizens through the use of information and communication technology; Accordingly, the development of e-government, which is one of the axes of the administrative system reform policy, was examined. Objective: To provide a conceptual model of the concepts and categories of e-government development. Methods: The research paradigm is an interpretive approach that used the inductive approach of the Foundation's data theory strategy and in addition to the data obtained from reviewing the relevant texts and documents, the opinions of experts and experts were also used. Tan was interviewed in 11 sessions. The analysis tool in this research is max qda software. Results: Extracting 10 basic categories, 54 concepts and determining the relationships between them in the form of a conceptual model. Conclusion:By improving the quality of policy-making, resource provision, efficient and effective investment, the development of e-government should be accelerated and in this regard, the successful experiences of other governments should be considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Provide a High Performance Model with a Social Loafing Reduction Approach in Government Agencies (Case study: Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad government organizations)
mostafa taheri abdokhalegh gholami

Background and Aim: The present article aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations that has revived the issue of social void in the administrative system of the country. Meth More

Background and Aim: The present article aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations that has revived the issue of social void in the administrative system of the country. Methods: The design of the present study is a combined sequential-exploratory method. This means that first a qualitative approach and then a quantitative approach has been used. In the qualitative part of the content analysis method and its statistical population, all scientific experts familiar with the subject, including professors and researchers in the field of public management in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, used the theoretical saturation criterion to determine the adequacy of sampling. Is. In-depth interviews with 20 government management experts in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces have explained the theoretical model of high performance with the approach of reducing idleness. Structural equation modeling has been used in a small part and its statistical population includes executive or experimental experts and these experts mean all managers and employees of government organizations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Cluster sampling method was used and the sample size was determined through Cochran's formula. Results: The results showed that the model of high performance work systems in Iranian government organizations has four main themes: high performance work procedures, results, intermediary conditions and study context. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of research interviews in the context and context of high performance formation in government organizations showed that the context and context of high performance formation with the approach of reducing social void including high performance work procedures (procedures at the structural level and procedures at the team level), Context conditions (cultural context and organizational context) and mediating conditions (behavioral factors and psychological factors) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Formation E-Participation Development Model in Iran
Mozhgan Mohaimani Hassan Givarian Ehsan Sadeh Syrus Tadbiri

Background: ICT can change the political landscape by creating citizens' participation in the governance process. Therefore, electronic participation has become an important point of this process and specifically refers to a digital divide focusing on equal accessibilit More

Background: ICT can change the political landscape by creating citizens' participation in the governance process. Therefore, electronic participation has become an important point of this process and specifically refers to a digital divide focusing on equal accessibility of participants. In Iran horizon 2025 and development programs is stated that Iran should be number one among countries in this area.  Objective: The main purpose of the present research is to discover, identify the dimensions and factors affecting e-participation in Iran Method: According to the subject, the mix method of research was carried out through completing a checklist on the agenda with 6 scientific and executive experts who had been selected through purposive sampling method. Focus group interview was conducted and the results of the interview was analyzed based on the classical content analysis technique. Measurement tools of quantitative part were included the questionnaire and the Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed through structural equity modeling (SEM), confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis by SPSS and Lisrel. Results: According to the research findings, 250 open codes were extracted from focus group interview, local and international literature. Among these concepts, 17 sub categories and 10 major categories were identified. Conclusion: The research result is an efficient model for the development of eparticipation, through the application of the factors identified in the process of policymaking in the field of ICT and improving the quality of communication between policy makers and citizens can improve the country's ranking in this index and help achieve the goal of the Iran horizon 2025 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Design an Open Policy-Making Model
morteza nosoohi Akbar Etebarian Mehrabaan Hadi Paykani Reza Ebrahimzadeh

Background: The growing disconnect between citizens and policymakers leads to a crisis of legitimacy and requires the policy area to be re-engineered to re-engage citizens and improve the performance of governments. Accordingly, in recent years, the open policy making m More

Background: The growing disconnect between citizens and policymakers leads to a crisis of legitimacy and requires the policy area to be re-engineered to re-engage citizens and improve the performance of governments. Accordingly, in recent years, the open policy making model is rapidly replacing traditional models, the knowledge of its dimensions can be a way to use it. Objective: Designing an open policy making model is the main objective of this research. Method: This study, using the critical interpretive synthesis method, while systematically reviewing the resources found in the field of open policy-making, has selected 37 sources from about 500 sources and assigned 250 codes to 827 sections of the reviewed sources in MAXQDA2020 software have been analyzed. Findings: 250 codes were divided into 29 themes and 5 dimensions of open data, open innovation, open policy making, trust and open government, which indicate the dimensions of the open policy making model. Conclusion: Utilizing the principles of open government and addressing open data and open innovation, while strengthening open policy-making, which is to open the policymaking process, rebuild public trust and lead to improving government performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Designing a Performance Management Model for Government Organizations Based on Social Approaches Using a Mixed Method of Quantitative and Qualitative Data (Case study: Government organizations of Najafabad - Isfahan)
mehdi motahari iraj soltani hamid davazdahemami

Background: Performance management in government organizations can be the basis of planning the country's administrative system and the social framework in this area can make the mission of providing quality services and excellence in this area more dynamic. Objective: More

Background: Performance management in government organizations can be the basis of planning the country's administrative system and the social framework in this area can make the mission of providing quality services and excellence in this area more dynamic. Objective: To provide a performance management model with a social approach policy. Method: The research was developmental in terms of purpose and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in terms of mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part of theoretical sampling, texts related to the social areas of the organization were used. The method of data collection in the qualitative part of the survey method was used with open, axial and selective coding approach and using the quantitative method of textualization of texts. In a small part, it was a survey method with a questionnaire distribution approach. In the qualitative phase of determining validity, the Lavache model was used. Results: In the quantitative phase, the face validity of the questionnaire was determined based on the opinions of experts and professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability and statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22 and smart-PLS software. Conclusion: The social performance management model of government organizations was presented in 10 dimensions, 39 components and 136 indicators.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Designing a Conceptual Model of Diversity Management in Iranian Government Organizations
Parmis pakrooh Esmail Ghaderi Mahmoud Rahmani

10.30495/ijpa.2022.67576.10902

Background: To counter the recurring global changes caused by globalization, managers began to search for the best strategies for the effective implementation of this mixed environment. Implementation of leading diversity management policies for sustainable human resour More

Background: To counter the recurring global changes caused by globalization, managers began to search for the best strategies for the effective implementation of this mixed environment. Implementation of leading diversity management policies for sustainable human resource management Their work is also considered very constructive.Objective: The aim of this study was to design a conceptual model of diversity management in Iranian government organizations using data foundation theorizing method.Methods: In terms of research paradigms, this research is in the interpretive group and the interview technique and purposive sampling method have been used to collect data. The interviewees of this study were prominent experts and managers of government organizations. The research data were analyzed by open coding method and conceptual, main and macro categories were extracted and finally the diversity management model was presented, then quantification and use of structural equations were approved by Smart PLS software paradigm model.Findings: According to the results in the field of causal factors such as stereotypes, law enforcement, skills, organizational goals were identified. Factors were also identified and determined in other areas.Conclusion: According to the results, the conceptual model of diversity management in Iranian government organizations was identified in six areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The Impact of Mehr Housing and Housing Policies on Iran s Economic Growth (1977:2017)
Omid Ghasemzadeh Oghiani Alireza Soltani abdoelmajid jalali

abstractthe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of housing field and mehr housing policies on the economic growth of iran . in this study , eviews software and ols regression models are used to test the hypotheses . independent variables of housing pol More

abstractthe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of housing field and mehr housing policies on the economic growth of iran . in this study , eviews software and ols regression models are used to test the hypotheses . independent variables of housing policy in terms of mehr housing project , the policy of granting housing facilities that include the volume of money , the ratio of government spending to gdp , mehr housing and housing facilities in the year are considered and dependent variables are economic growth , capital stock , active population and budget deficit . the data were extracted from the central bank of iran . the results of the main hypothesis showed that government policy making in housing sector has no significant effect on economic growth . but the results of this study show that government policy making in housing sector has significant effect on capital stock and active population , but it has no significant effect on budget deficit .key words : government policy , economic growth , mehr housing . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Designing three-dimensional model of impelementing public policy
Mahtab Mohammadi Seid Mehdi Alvani Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Ghasem Ansari Ranani

BACKGROUND: The implementation of policies derived ideal of harmony and balance between the government's policy. Law enforcement service management and structural reforms the country needs to create the context of each sector.As a result of state authority in the implem More

BACKGROUND: The implementation of policies derived ideal of harmony and balance between the government's policy. Law enforcement service management and structural reforms the country needs to create the context of each sector.As a result of state authority in the implementation of policy in any part of the law must be clear and clearly identified and defined,To get the best performance from the management of our country. Objective: To present a comprehensive model that would regulate the implementation of the civil service law, so the law can be implemented more effectively manage the civil service. Methods: This study analyzed data is presented in three levels, the first level data analysis has been done.At the second level as well as the analytical data was acting andmain advantage of fuzzy logic to model the three-dimensional model is formed. Results: In this study, a model is developed to determine the most appropriate type of governance in all three areas (recruitment, retention and training) policies paid civil service law. Conclusion: the better the recruitment of their power and influence to more efficient and regulated to benefit this area. In the field of education and development through the private sector realize its state sovereignty.In the area of maintenance is required in this area to the coalition government organizations and influential corporate trust formed only by encouraging them to maintain their form of government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Effects of government patronage on value creation: (Evaluation of privatization function)
فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی سید حسین حسینی محسن جعفری

A major economic issue in Iran that has intensified in the past few years has related to privatization and its implementation in the economy. This interpretation of privatization has been mentioned in Article 44 of the Constitution in Iran. According to this new criteri More

A major economic issue in Iran that has intensified in the past few years has related to privatization and its implementation in the economy. This interpretation of privatization has been mentioned in Article 44 of the Constitution in Iran. According to this new criteria for evaluating businesses, are public companies better than private ones? In the other words, In the Iranian economy, can privately owned entities better achieve value creation than publicly owned companies? This paper investigates the relationships between types of company ownership (in terms of government patronage) and uses new financial criteria of performance assessment in addition to criteria assessing value creation in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The study covers a 9-year period, and it examines the relationship between ownership type and performance of firms employing new criteria of value creation. Hypotheses are presented and examined by means of correlation, simple linear regression, and comparisons of two tests. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the percentage of government ownership of company stock and value creation: private companies, whose proportion of government ownership is less than 50 percent, have greater value creation. In addition, a meaningful relationship exists between the use of new metrics to measure performance based on value (i.e., economic value added and cash value added) and traditional measures (i.e., return on assets and return on equity). In conclusion, privately owned companies are better value creators than publicly held companies.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - The role of E-procurement systems in the anti-corruption
Mahsa Salehi Saeed Zarandi

Governments have decided to take an action to reduce the occurrence of corruption in agencies due to the high frequency of such phenomenon. State bids are known to be one of the most precarious economical practices that trigger widespread governmental corruption. Creati More

Governments have decided to take an action to reduce the occurrence of corruption in agencies due to the high frequency of such phenomenon. State bids are known to be one of the most precarious economical practices that trigger widespread governmental corruption. Creating E-procurement systems in an electronic government platform has been presents by many countries as a solution. Their experience shows that designing and creating of such systems through reduction of human interferences and leverage of security and supervision on web-based communication networks can substantially reduce the corruption and in turn increase the transparency and accountability of governments in commercial transactions and economical activities of administrative entities. In this paper the effect of bidshas been discussed as one of the main causes of corruption. Also, by looking at E-procurement systems in other countries, a system has been proposed that can be adapted to the needs of the administrative entities of Iran so as to reduce the occurrence of corruption in government practices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Comparison between Boroujerd and Dooroud Islamic councils in terms of performance
حسن گیوریان مسعود یاراحمدی علیرضا شیروانی حاجیه رجبی فرجاد

Abstract In viewpoint of Islam and The Constitution law of Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic councils play an important role and have a great position. So that some verses of The Holy Quran and traditions and principles of The Constitution law have been allocated to More

Abstract In viewpoint of Islam and The Constitution law of Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic councils play an important role and have a great position. So that some verses of The Holy Quran and traditions and principles of The Constitution law have been allocated to councils. The councils are one of the important components of local governments in every country. Local government or organization is similar to a country in more narrow size. Compared to definition of country and local organization, some common grounds are appeared. It means that local units must have certain territory, population, and enough authority to perform their duties. In regard to Islamic councils are in during the third period and have emerged from childhood, question in this research is to consider how is the performance of councils in various places. So in this paper we studied comparatively performance of Borujerd and Doorud Islamic councils and proposed assumptions in which Borujerd Islamic council had effective function more than Doorud Islamic council regarding size of the planning, monitoring, counseling, implementation of functional indexes. Because the normality of variables was supported, we used the parametric test in this study. These tests include T test, the comparison independently between two groups that were used in this study.concerning test results,these hypotheses were not confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - An Analysis of the Impact of the Corona Crisis on the Performance of Iran's Non-Governmental Print Newspapers
Javad Sadeghi Jafari sepideh ashrafi

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.67467.1462

  Due to the intensification of the Corona crisis since the end of 2010, this study intends to use two quantitative and qualitative methods as well as a conceptual framework to gain an understanding of the impact of the Corona crisis on the performance of non-gove More

  Due to the intensification of the Corona crisis since the end of 2010, this study intends to use two quantitative and qualitative methods as well as a conceptual framework to gain an understanding of the impact of the Corona crisis on the performance of non-governmental newspapers. Newspaper economics, content and audience trust, journalistic workflow, and policies and strategies are four parts that are carefully evaluated in this study. In total, the researcher-made questions were sent to 40 journalists and media executives, 20 of whom answered. Findings show that 14 out of 20 newspapers that answered this question (70%) believe that the decrease in circulation was caused by the Corona crisis. At the same time, the impact of Corona on the economy of non-governmental newspapers in the two dimensions of costs and revenues and its components was discussed in the view of respondents. Given that 89.5% of the newspapers reported that their income had decreased and 60% stated that their expenses had either increased or not decreased, it can be concluded that most of the newspapers had economic problems. The researcher also examined 4 areas in the content section: content quantity, content quality, trust and competition. In the working conditions of journalists and staff of Iranian national non-governmental print newspapers, 55.5% of respondents said that Corona had no effect on the efficiency of journalists. Respondents stated that the corona had reduced field reporting and instability in their work situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - AN EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF NGOs IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION; A COMPRATIVE STUDY ON IRAN AND FRANCE
Naimeh Rezae Farnaz Faraji

Formation of heritage conservation NGOs has a long background in developed countries. Many developing countries have also begun to establish these types of NGOs. This research aims to evaluate the role of these NGOs in heritage conservation in Iran and France. For this More

Formation of heritage conservation NGOs has a long background in developed countries. Many developing countries have also begun to establish these types of NGOs. This research aims to evaluate the role of these NGOs in heritage conservation in Iran and France. For this study, five NGOs were selected from each of the aforementioned countries. The data were collected through an open questionnaire, and were analyzed qualitatively. The results reveal that the conditions governing each country have a decisive role in performance and degree of success of heritage NGOs. In France, heritage is among priorities of the country and its conservation has become an obvious matter. But in Iran, heritage conservation is not taken as part of priorities of the state. Moreover, considering the long history of formation of NGOs they are known and accepted by the society. This is while Iranian NGOs are still to make much effort to stabilize their positions. There is much similarity among the objectives and activities of the NGOs in two countries. However, in Iran, many NGOs have focused on propagative, cultural or educational activities because of the numerous impediments and the difficulty involved in the engagement of NGOs with the main issue which is heritage conservation. In Iran, heritage conservation is not taken as part of priorities of the state. What is more, the historical areas of the towns in Iran suffer from such problems as unavailability of public services, unemployment, socioeconomic problems, shortage of recreational facilities, etc. With the aforementioned problems, heritage conservation is neither a concern of the residents nor a concern of urban management system and other public foundations. Therefore, NGOs may not receive sufficient support to realize their objectives. Hence, they shift to the activities for which they may receive financial support and acceptance. While heritage conservation is in itself a requirement in France, the NGOs confine their activities to this, French NGOs have clear aims and clear scope of intervention. This results in maintenance of their objectives to a great extent. A further important point is the degree of heritage awareness among citizens. The facts observed in France indicate that the people are interested in their heritage and consider its conservation as a necessity. But in Iran it seems that the interest in heritage and awareness of this subject is limited to certain social groups. The movement of NGOs was started with much delay in Iran. However, their number in the country is indicative of an intention for heritage conservation and it reveals that heritage has now become a concern of part of the society. The actions taken by the NGOs can be taken as a good beginning in the presence of the overcoming conditions and impediments. Formally, they are much similar to French NGOs and they have even established a coordinating foundation in the same way as French associations do. It appears that the NGOs shall experience considerable achievements in case they are able to make the issue of heritage a public concern of the society through propagative actions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Role of Urban Sustainable Development Revenues in Spatial-Physical Planning
Alireza Andalib Seyed Mohammad Ali Sabet Ghadam

  One of the important items in gaining to urban constant development is constant incomes. This matter has an effective and impressionable role in spatial-physical planning of the cities. On the other hand, in adoption of the policies of urban development, consider More

  One of the important items in gaining to urban constant development is constant incomes. This matter has an effective and impressionable role in spatial-physical planning of the cities. On the other hand, in adoption of the policies of urban development, considering to the private public benefits is so important.   With consideration to necessity in being of urban planning and with the objective of introduction to mutual relationships among the effective indexes, this Article studies on the objective of the article in the frame of theories of local governments, urban spaces, social inequality, spatial separation-selecting and some discussions consisting of financial federalism and axes of operation on containing theory.   Concerning to this matter, system for providing the financial resources of the city is fulfilled through establishment of constant incomes and consideration to the local-crucial observing on the base of partnership planning in appearance of directors, architectural and urban specialists, residents, citizens and investors, financial institutions and banks in the frame of local governments (urban united management). This subject is an important fact in direction of improvement of urban discordant development for sectional equilibrium on the base of the considered indexes of spatial-physical planning in the frame of plans of urban development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - From Nghsh-e-Jahan to Compidoglio
Jamaledin Soheili

        Art is a motive for achiving the aim and creating successful and permanent works certainly originating from human nature. Also this is the case in relation to architectural styles, i .e . all of them are in the human range but More

        Art is a motive for achiving the aim and creating successful and permanent works certainly originating from human nature. Also this is the case in relation to architectural styles, i .e . all of them are in the human range but as a whole they reach God. In defining the architecture, it is consumer concern, i . e .mankind must be considered. So , God spirit deposited and reflected in mankind, should be studied and analyzed as the common aspect of all affairs including architecture at large and by this , humans can become close together. This article tries to find the above-said common aspect arising from human needs by conducting a comparative study about urban planning methods of the renaissance period and Isfahan school (of architecture). In order to do this, at first the manner of development and expansion of Isfahan city in Safavieh era has been compared with that of Rome City in the renaissance and then the relationship between political power centers and religious centers has been addressed. Studying the spatial proportions and conversation of the elements shaping 2 squares Naghsh-e-Jahan and Compidoglio would Clarify the common frames of art high spiritual rank.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Fundamental causes of maximum criminality in the Iranian legal system
Ramin , Naeemi Mahmood Malmir Masoud Heidari

10.30495/jlap.2021.18495

The principle of minimal criminal law (intervention of the criminal law minimum) allows the use of this branch of jurisprudence in a situation where it is not possible to resort to other guarantees of enforcement, namely the guarantee of civil and administrative enforce More

The principle of minimal criminal law (intervention of the criminal law minimum) allows the use of this branch of jurisprudence in a situation where it is not possible to resort to other guarantees of enforcement, namely the guarantee of civil and administrative enforcement. The volume and scope of criminal law in liberal states is also one of the current challenges of law and politics. The connection with criminology does not have a clear position. In many cases, this position is not accompanied by tolerance, and in some cases, the government has criminalized and enacted the law with the utmost speed and intensity; Hence, the place of observance of the principle of tolerance, which is regularly heard from politicians, is not clear. In Iran, the roots of the government's desire to use criminal law can be related to the scope of government, the entry of this institution into the field of ethics and privacy. In fact, criminalization is not done in a technical way, but influenced by the ideology of the government and the tendencies of this institution. In this article, the authors will refer to the analysis of the basics of the subject in a descriptive-analytical manner. Manuscript profile

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47 - Consular Protection Of The Victims Of The Offences Who Fall Under The Jurisdiction Of The International Criminal Court
A. Saybani

Current regulations are based through internationally accepted norms and political relations between countries. Current affairs in the tumultuous world of today requires cooperation between governments. Citizens of each country determine the aspects of these relationshi More

Current regulations are based through internationally accepted norms and political relations between countries. Current affairs in the tumultuous world of today requires cooperation between governments. Citizens of each country determine the aspects of these relationships. By the rule of law governments have to protect their citizens’ right in other countries; in case a citizen face judiciary hardship in other countries, his/her government will support him/her, as long as this support does not interfere with the laws of the country, where the citizen has his/her residence. Even citizens who either travel to other countries or live in foreign countries may become victims, due to the violation of their human rights by the guest countries. Such crimes may also fall under the jurisdiction of the international criminal court. The victims deserve the support of their governments, which is usually of consular nature. The aspects of the support is determined either by the law of victims’ country or by the 1963 Vienna Convention. The government of the victim's country decides how to implement the support. Manuscript profile

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48 - Neoliberalism and Globalization
Mohammad Tohidfam Niloufar Tehranizadeh

After the economic recession in 1970s, “Neoliberalism” developed a new market-drivenapproach to economic and social policy based neoclassical theories of economics, thatstresses on achieving effective individual freedom and skills in form of a private enterp More

After the economic recession in 1970s, “Neoliberalism” developed a new market-drivenapproach to economic and social policy based neoclassical theories of economics, thatstresses on achieving effective individual freedom and skills in form of a private enterpriseto support the rights of powerful private ownership, liberalized trade and relatively openand state markets therefore seeks to maximize the role of the private sector in determiningthe political and economic priorities of the state along with a government that is assignedto create and maintain a fundamental and efficient strategy.The notion that occurred in response to the inefficient government and the existingcondition such as economic crisis, brought about the formation of various kinds of communicationsat different levels and promotion of the cooperation among Members of WesternBloc, which after the collapse of the USSR, the world witnessed great changes in internationalrelations among the world countries as well as development of the aforementionedcooperation among the countries gained their independence from communism. In line withthese issues and considering elements, the present article aims to study the extent of relationand influence of this movement with emergence and development of cooperation amongcountries in different fields with a tendency toward an increasing Globalization. Manuscript profile

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49 - The relationship between the size of the government and Tehran,s Stock Exchange Market Performance
مهدی پدرام عبدالرحمن حری

This study aims to measure government size’s effect on Tehran stock marketperformance. To reach our goal we use Arbitrage Pricing Theory for specify a function toexplain behavior of stock price. We use quarterly data covering 1998 to 2011. Othervariables that have More

This study aims to measure government size’s effect on Tehran stock marketperformance. To reach our goal we use Arbitrage Pricing Theory for specify a function toexplain behavior of stock price. We use quarterly data covering 1998 to 2011. Othervariables that have been used consist of Consumer Price Index (CPI), money stock, landprice, exchange rate and industrial production index. Long run relation that has beenobtained by Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) show that government size hassignificant negative effect on stock price. Other results show that money stock, land priceand exchange rate have significant and negative effect on stock price, too. However CPIpositively affects dependent variable. Manuscript profile

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50 - Analysis among shareholders, creditors and government conflicts in cash interest division approach to game theories
Majid Sabzeh Reza Tehrani Yasser Kargari

One of the most arguable discussions in financial and investment scope is cash interest division of companies and has considered by the great numbers of economists and directors. Therefore, this article shall be study the relationship among shareholders, creditors and g More

One of the most arguable discussions in financial and investment scope is cash interest division of companies and has considered by the great numbers of economists and directors. Therefore, this article shall be study the relationship among shareholders, creditors and government considering to dividend policies approach to game theories. Playing of three players is kind of pure Constant-sum gamer considering to Perfect Information and Non- zero sum game, and any of the players has three strategies in decreasing of paid cash interest and increasing and preserving of current status.  The balance point among three players is viewpoints that shareholders are tend to conserve current status and government and debtors tend to decreasing of cash interest.  But Board of Director members, managing directors and other directors are assigned directly or indirectly by the shareholders, therefore directors’ decisions may be different from balance point and it shall result in their viewpoints be considered more preferable than the others. Manuscript profile

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51 - Evaluating the impact of governments' capital expenditures in the framework of the Crowding-In effect on the return of the stock price index
پیمان اکبری FARZAD Moayeri ali asghar taherabadi

10.30495/jfksa.2023.23082

The main problem is to investigate and compare the impact of government capital expenditures on stock returns in the framework of the crowding-in effect in two groups of countries with a high level of development and countries with a medium level of development. In this More

The main problem is to investigate and compare the impact of government capital expenditures on stock returns in the framework of the crowding-in effect in two groups of countries with a high level of development and countries with a medium level of development. In this regard, by using Fisher's theory and empirical studies, the stock return rate model was defined for them and estimated using the balanced panel data technique. The results confirmed the positive effect of Crowding-In on the return of the stock price index in both groups of the study countries. In addition, the results showed that the effect of Crowding-In on the performance of the stock price index is not the same in both groups of study countries and it is more in countries with a medium level of development. Manuscript profile

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52 - Optimal Financing Methods of Government Expenditure in Iran
F. Ahmadisanaye M. Kalani Sh. Anosheh

Taxation and seigniorage are known as the two major sources of revenue for financing the government expenditure. Simultaneous practice of these two methods provides a mechanism for government to finance it expenditure in the most efficient way. The choice between tax a More

Taxation and seigniorage are known as the two major sources of revenue for financing the government expenditure. Simultaneous practice of these two methods provides a mechanism for government to finance it expenditure in the most efficient way. The choice between tax and seigniorage is influenced by two fundamental factors, namely the degree of central bank independence and political orientation of government. The goal of this study is to investigate how the dependency of central bank and the political alliance of three different administrations influenced the choice of financing decision. We further explore the effect of the financing method for controlling inflation. The period of our study is from 1989 to 2008. The findings of our study indicate that based on ARDL model there is a positive and meaningful relation between tax and seigniorage and parallel implementation would be beneficial. Manuscript profile

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53 - An investigation of Capital formation and its economic determinants in Iran
اکبر کمیجانی ابوطالب شالچیان

This paper attempts to analyze the role of the main determinants of the capital formation and the behavior of private investment using the descriptive as well as econometric methods. Both the econometric methods and statistical analysis are indicating that most of the m More

This paper attempts to analyze the role of the main determinants of the capital formation and the behavior of private investment using the descriptive as well as econometric methods. Both the econometric methods and statistical analysis are indicating that most of the macroeconomic variables do play significant role in explaining the behavior of private investment in Iran. Variables examined for their influence on private investment over the period under study i.e. 1350-1383[1] are as follows: GDP, inflation rate, weighted average of the rate of return on long term deposits, government investment, effective exchange rate and the changes in the banking facilities to private sector.  The findings in this paper indicate that Most of these variables, except the rate of return on banking facilities, have had the significant impact on private investment in the same direction as expected Manuscript profile

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54 - On the relationship between the size of Government and the Quality of Economic Growth
Akbar Komijani Kambiz Hozhabr Kiyani Hadi Haghshenase

The goal of this paper is to investigate the role of government in promoting economic growth I Iran. We have used the ratio between government expenditure and gross national product (G/GDP) as a proxy of the size of government. To analyze the relationship, we have used More

The goal of this paper is to investigate the role of government in promoting economic growth I Iran. We have used the ratio between government expenditure and gross national product (G/GDP) as a proxy of the size of government. To analyze the relationship, we have used ARDL method, for both short-term and long-term growth for the period of 1368-1391. Our results indicate that the size of government in both situations has positive and significant effect on economic growth of Iran. However, the extent of government influence over the long- term effects is short-lived. JEL Classification:O26 , E58 Manuscript profile

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55 - Public Sector and Globalization: Towards New public Management
Ali Shakoori

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56 - Investigating the Economic Growth Response of Developing Countries to Shocks Caused by Financial Development and the Accumulation of Human Capital
Sediqe Toutian Asadollah Mehrara Mohammad Ali Mahmoudi Hashemi

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57 - Emerging Patterns of Disparities in Industrialization in the state of West Bengal; A Macro-Economic Analysis with Case Study Research of Jessop India Limited
Sujata Mukhopadhyay

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58 - Analysis of the Position of Women's Education in Iran during the Past One Hundred Years; An Interdisciplinary Approach
Tahereh Mirsardoo

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59 - Identification in Cyberspace as a Main Challenge of e-Government (A Legal Approach to e-Identity Management System)
Ebrahim Abdipourfard Behrouz Minaei Bidgoli Morteza Vesali Naseh

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60 - Role of Micro Finance in Women’s Empowerment (A Study on Rural Area of Patna India)
Hemant Kumar

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61 - The Role of Government and Local Actors in the Tourism Industry Development in Iran: An Unsuccessful Intervention Model
Saman Yousefvand

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62 - The Effects of Self-Leadership Strategies on Staff Creativity (Case of Study: Government Departments of Kabood Rahang Region)
Tahmoures Shiri Seyed Hassan Nazari

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63 - Presenting a Pattern of Ethical-Oriented Organizational Culture in Line with Promoting of Administrative Health with a Mixed Approach
Mohamad ali Akbarikia Zeina Al-Abedin Amini Ehsan Sadeh

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64 - Effects of the Government Taxation Policy on Distribution of Income with an emphasis on Human Development Index in Iran
Ali Shakoori

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65 - Rural Women’s Experiences with Money and Developmental Intervention: A Case Study in Semnan Province
Soheila Alirezanejad

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66 - Some Aspects of Text-book Development in Azerbaijan
Elnara NajaFgizy Mammadova Isfendiyar Novruzlu Mammedhuseyn

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67 - People's Participation: Determining Some Socio-cultural factors (Study among the Citizens of Tabriz)
Mahmoud Elmi

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68 - Design and Formulate a Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development in Iranian Governmental Banks with the Delphi Technique and Shannon Entropy Approach
mohamad ali jafari gorji Reza Najaf Beigi Abolhassan Faghihi mohammad javad kameli

10.30495/ijfaes.2023.73510.10133

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69 - Document Analysis of Health Policy in the Eight Successive Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2021: (Emphasizing Cabinet Resolutions)
Fatemeh Homayouni Ali Baghaei Sarabi Mahmoud Eisavi Asmeh Ghasemi

Introduction: Due to Iran's political-economic structure and the government's role in social policymaking, understanding the transformations in social-welfare policies, including health and medical care, in the post-Islamic Revolution governments is among the key issues More

Introduction: Due to Iran's political-economic structure and the government's role in social policymaking, understanding the transformations in social-welfare policies, including health and medical care, in the post-Islamic Revolution governments is among the key issues in political sociology. Therefore, the aim of this research was to conduct a document analysis of health policy in the eight successive governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2021, with an emphasis on cabinet resolutions. The study employed a qualitative content analysis method, focusing on cabinet resolutions from 1989 to 2021. Methods: In this study, we employed a qualitative content analysis approach with an inductive method, focusing on government board approvals from 1989 to 2021. Initially, these approvals underwent open and secondary coding methods, ultimately evolving into the primary categories of health policy. The reliability of the coding was substantiated through a re-coding process conducted over two weeks, achieving a consistency rate of 75%. Additionally, inter-coder reliability between two distinct coders was established at a rate of 90%. Results: The findings indicate that government resolutions in the health sector, including health and medical care, are consistent with their primary policies and electoral slogans. However, the political approach of the eight successive governments has not significantly influenced their health policymaking. These policies have been more short-term, situational, and responsive to societal conditions. None of the examined governments demonstrated a sufficient equilibrium across the policy domains identified in this study. Conclusion: While these governments may have operated following their declared slogans and policies, the formulation of health policies consistently prioritized short-term exigencies. Consequently, these policies failed to align cohesively toward achieving long-term objectives within the health system. Manuscript profile

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70 - Examining the role of the government and non-governmental organizations in providing health services to those affected by Corona (case study of Tehran)
Mostafa Afshar Mehrdad navabakhsh Ebrahim Mottaghi

Introduction: At the global level, the covid-19 epidemic has had many effects, especially in the health sector, and was accompanied by serious shortages and injuries. At this time, what was important was how to serve the people in order to prevent the spread and control More

Introduction: At the global level, the covid-19 epidemic has had many effects, especially in the health sector, and was accompanied by serious shortages and injuries. At this time, what was important was how to serve the people in order to prevent the spread and control of the disease, as well as providing health measures related to it. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the role of the government and non-governmental organizations in providing health services to those affected by Corona. Research method: it was conducted in a quantitative and qualitative manner, in the qualitative part of the interview method and in the quantitative part of the questionnaire, a questionnaire was used to collect data and it was analyzed with spss software. The statistical population of the research was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran's formula in the quantitative part and 12 people were interviewed in the qualitative part. Findings: It showed that the health support of non-governmental organizations has more points than the health support of the government. Conclusion: In the interpretation of this result, it can be said that NGOs provided completely free services in the provision of health items such as masks and alcohol; This admirable action was especially evident at the beginning of the Corona outbreak in 2019, while the government was completely surprised at that time. Manuscript profile

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71 - The Presenting a Model for Municipalities E-Readiness Assessment
G. R. Memarzadeh A. R. Jahany

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72 - The Causal Relationship between Government Revenue and Expenditure in Jordan
H. A. Al-Zeaud

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73 - knowing the Effective factors on acceptance of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view. Research point: The government counter offices in the city of Tehran
samira ghasemi Manijeh Haghighinasab Mahdi Torkaman ali ghasemi

The thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the gove More

The thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the government counter offices in the city of Tehran .The model of research in this inquiry examines the pattern of relation between independent variables (perception of usefulness, perception from ease of use, perception of quality of services, computer self-efficacy and accessibility) middle variables(Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and dependent variable (intention to use). Statistical population includes Citizens who apply for services to government counter offices. A random sample of 352 citizens have participated in research and completed the questionnaire. Perceived behavioral control, attitude and mental norms toward electronic government services has a positive effect on intention to use it. Computer self-efficacy represents the meaningful relationship with perceived behavioral control. An overall conclusion suggest that electronic government policymakers should provide direct access of citizens to these services via one stop portals with broadband internet access, meanwhile, improving the quality of services in government counter offices as well. Manuscript profile

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74 - Investigating the Impact of Managers Personal Branding On Building Level Five Leaders (Case Study: of Government Banks)
Karim Esgandari Mojtaba Ramazani samane goli

Personal branding helps a person to achieve his goals, with which individual placement can be achieved and positioned on competitors. A personal brand is valid when there is a common unity in the behavior of individuals. Not having a personal perspective, personal knowl More

Personal branding helps a person to achieve his goals, with which individual placement can be achieved and positioned on competitors. A personal brand is valid when there is a common unity in the behavior of individuals. Not having a personal perspective, personal knowledge, personal learning, thinking, trust, and interest are like having no personal brand. Therefore, a personal brand for managers can be considered as merit. The issue of bank managers is of paramount importance with regard to competition between banks. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of individual brand managers on the creation of fifth-level leaders. To reach this statistical society, the heads of government bank branches in the East Azerbaijan province conduct the research. Based on snowball method, 128 people were selected as sample size. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. Finally, the conceptual model is fitted using structural equation modeling and Laser Level software. The result of the research also indicates the significant effect of the personal brand on managers on the fifth level. Manuscript profile

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75 - Knowing the Effective factors on Acceptance of Electronic Government Services from the Point of Citizen's View (Research Point: The Government Counter Offices in the City of Tehran)
M. Haghighinasab S. Ghasemi M. Torkaman A. Ghasemi

The thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the gove More

The thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the government counter offices in the city of Tehran .The model of research in this inquiry examines the pattern of relation between independent variables (perception of usefulness, perception from ease of use, perception of quality of services, computer self-efficacy and accessibility) middle variables(Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and dependent variable (intention to use). Statistical population includes Citizens who apply for services to government counter offices. A random sample of 352 citizens have participated in research and completed the questionnaire. Perceived behavioral control, attitude and mental norms toward electronic government services has a positive effect on intention to use it. Computer self-efficacy represents the meaningful relationship with perceived behavioral control. An overall conclusion suggest that  electronic government policymakers should provide direct access of citizens to these services via one stop portals with broadband internet access, meanwhile,  improving the quality  of services in government counter offices as well. Manuscript profile

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76 - Entry to New Markets with Using Influence Economical Mobile Government Services in Tourism Industry (Case Study: Kish Free Zone)
R. Radfar A. R. Poorebrahimi M. Najafi Asadollahi

Purpose Using information technology in marketing activities of organizations enable them to have effective competition in the market. Also information technology is introduced as a source of innovation in services and products which also according to its ability of m More

Purpose Using information technology in marketing activities of organizations enable them to have effective competition in the market. Also information technology is introduced as a source of innovation in services and products which also according to its ability of more data processing in less times, improve the efficiency of marketing activities and decision making process. This study aims to find the most appropriate and efficient services presentable by mobile government for tourism industry in Kish FZO. In the other words, the purpose of this study is to perform market study and review economic services presented by mobile government for tourism industry. By doing this, managers and decision makers in Kish FZO will be aware of priorities and needs of the zone in this area, and will make better decisions. Research Method Method of this research is goal-based, applied and depend on type and nature of used data and descriptive. Also most of the used data is qualitative and reached by questionnaire and interview. Statistical population of this research are managers, experts and other interested-parties of tourism industry in Kish FZO. According to undertaken surveys and reports revealed by Kish FZO Organization, at this time there are 120 active companies with 412 managers and experts in tourism industry. Findings and Managerial Implications According to comparative research of mobile services presented in the world and accommodating them with needs and facilities of Kish FZO, services in economic area were chosen and evaluated by their audiences. As a result, 14 services were listed and ranked. The most important three suggested services were receiving alarm SMS for reminding some activities, mobile services for Airplane ticket sale and mobile payment of company charges and expenses. With determining of most important and efficient economic services of mobile government, managers and decision makers in Kish FZO are more than before aware of needs and priorities of the zone and will be able to present these services in accordance of importance and priority. Research Innovation Mobile government is a rather new topic after electronic government which is debated in the world. Services, facilities and the way of using these services in different sections have been studied. In our country, proper studies about mobile government services in tourism industry have not been done yet. So this frame work is one the first studies which has been done in mobile government’s marketing and tourism industry in Iran, and Kish FZO is the first area to study.  Manuscript profile

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77 - Comparing Market Orientation in Parivate and Governmental Banks and its Effect on Bank Service Quality (Case Study: Yazd City)
Sh. Nayebzadeh

The main purpose of this research is Investigation market orientation in private and government banks and its effect on customer perception of perceived service quality; According to this goal private and government banks in Yazd have studied as statistical society. The More

The main purpose of this research is Investigation market orientation in private and government banks and its effect on customer perception of perceived service quality; According to this goal private and government banks in Yazd have studied as statistical society. The present research method is correlation and applied research. Data analysis was done by using test t, a Wilcoxon rank test to compare means, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman's rank test and Pierson correlation test. The results of this investigation showed that there aren’t significance differences between market orientation extent in private and government banks, and between market orientation customer’s perceptions of bank's service quality significance linear relationship was not considered.   Manuscript profile

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78 - Social aspects in juridical school of Hillah
mahboobe hosseini ozra entekhabian mohsen razmi

10.30495/jijl.2022.68201.1554

How are the social aspects of a school depicted at a historical juncture, and what role can jurists play in these aspects? In order to reach the answer to this question, in the model of juridical school of Hillah, with a descriptive-analytical approach, it examines hist More

How are the social aspects of a school depicted at a historical juncture, and what role can jurists play in these aspects? In order to reach the answer to this question, in the model of juridical school of Hillah, with a descriptive-analytical approach, it examines historical reports and jurisprudential and principled propositions. This essay first depicts the social phenomena that stood in front of the jurists of the Hillah school; Phenomena such as the Mongol War, popular uprisings against the Mongols, saviorism, tribalism, the multiplicity of religions and sects, the political and economic geographical location of Hillah, and the background of the social status of the Hillah jurists. Then he observes the scientific and practical works and activities of the jurists of Hillah in the social aspects with regard to this space. The result of this observation is the inference of the four aspects of "spirituality", "education", "reasoning rationalism" and "social interaction" and their types and varieties. In the final analysis, it is stated that the jurists, according to the principles of Sharia and doctrinal principles, succeeded in reforming and social guidance in a way that was more principled and broader than many rival governmental and social achievements. This success brought with it another double and reciprocal success, and that is the dynamism and development of the branches of jurisprudence, the principles of jurisprudence and the theological(kalam) foundations of Shia jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

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79 - Implementing the criminal policy of Islamic and Iranian criminal law in financial crimes of government employees
Hamidreza Sedighnejad Rahim Ekrami Karam Janipour

10.30495/jijl.2022.65679.1516

Abstract :Government employees and agents as the executive arm of the government may commit crimes in line with their job duties that cause Weakening or depriving the public of trust in governments, so in this study, while examining the nature of these crimes, we seek t More

Abstract :Government employees and agents as the executive arm of the government may commit crimes in line with their job duties that cause Weakening or depriving the public of trust in governments, so in this study, while examining the nature of these crimes, we seek to implement the criminal policy of Islamic and Iranian criminal law in the financial crimes of government employees.This research has been done in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.A progressive criminal policy seeks to minimize the criminal phenomenon or, ideally, to remove it from society. The realization of this important issue depends on the use of the facilities, capacities and pillars of society, and the effective and efficient participation of civil society in this regard can have a huge and tremendous impact on its realization. Iran's criminal policy in the legislative, judicial and executive types in relation to specific crimes of government employees is of the type of government repression. But the criminal policy of Islam, which is based on a religious and doctrinal view and is inferred from the Qur'an and hadiths, in the face of corruption, contrary to repressive models that seek the participation of civil society to suppress, seeks to take advantage of the participation and role of civil society for rehabilitation and It is a correction. Manuscript profile

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80 - Jurisprudential feasibility of civil liability of government assuming devaluation of money due to inflation
mahdi mohagheghian Seyed Mohammad Hadi Mahdavi Ahmadreza Tavakoli

10.30495/jijl.2022.60141.1436

Inflation or continuum and general raise of prices, is depended on different reasons and factors. Sometimes incomes and spending of government are imbalanced and government is forced to commit inflation policies and realizing money in order to protect against the side e More

Inflation or continuum and general raise of prices, is depended on different reasons and factors. Sometimes incomes and spending of government are imbalanced and government is forced to commit inflation policies and realizing money in order to protect against the side effects of borrowing from Central Bank, and consequently raise to devaluation of national money. In this regard, from juridical viewpoint it is possible to survey that in such circumstances, is there any way to put the responsibility of compensating of money devaluation and losses of citizens on government or not. It seems that if the pills of civil responsibility are complete, so, appropriate is ready for civil responsibility of government. Because, based on no-losses-rule, harm defeat, causation rule, ownership right and the necessity of compensating lost interests assuming interest conflict, it is possible to put the responsibility for compensating the losses of citizens on government. In other hand, from Jurisprudential view point, there is no constraint for this sentence and therefore, government is force to handle this responsibility, anyway. Manuscript profile

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81 - Studying Legal and Juridical Fundamentals of Restoration of Prestige in Penal Affairs
Faranak Heydari Dehaghani Mohammad Nouzari

Spiritual prestige and respect is the most important human capital and its importance is not equivalent to any other valuable issue; in fact, this is prestige and respect that enables human to play his social role; thus, damaging prestige may prevent human from obtainin More

Spiritual prestige and respect is the most important human capital and its importance is not equivalent to any other valuable issue; in fact, this is prestige and respect that enables human to play his social role; thus, damaging prestige may prevent human from obtaining many tools and opportunities. Persons who are recognized as culprit or criminal are faced with endangered condition; since, through judicial investigation, their human prestige and respect is violated and it is necessary for considering method of restoration of prestige. Meanwhile, the government plays key role for restoration of prestige for damaged people and this responsibility is sometimes directly related to governmental associations including: Public Prosecutor or enforces the governmental associations to execute some tasks (for compensating the incorrect accusation opened against persons) and this task is also applicable for criminals as well. The topic of present research is restoration of prestige that means repairing and compensating damages applied to dignity and prestige of persons facing with penal investigation and also acquitted from criminal charge and also mistakenly convicted persons. Manuscript profile

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82 - A Study of the Causes of the Dynamism of Jurisprudence
Alireza Feyz Batol Hosseini Semnani

The present article deals with the facts which have given rise to thedynamism of jurisprudence under various circumstances and spatio –temporal requirements.As a matter of fact, dynamic jurisprudence is the same traditionaljurisprudence adapting itself with tempor More

The present article deals with the facts which have given rise to thedynamism of jurisprudence under various circumstances and spatio –temporal requirements.As a matter of fact, dynamic jurisprudence is the same traditionaljurisprudence adapting itself with temporal requirements which may bedivided into two categories: internal factors and external ones.Internal factors are those relevant to the responsibility of Muslimjurisprudent with respect to the foundations and sources of jurisprudence, theflexible nature of the Quran and the Sunna, and application of reason (aql) asa source for deriving Islamic decrees.External factors are those relevant to spatio – temporal requirementsunder which dynamic jurisprudence flourishes, government which is thesource and executor of administrative rules within the interests of the Islamicsystem, and the protection of the Islamic territory against foreigners threatsand invasions. Manuscript profile

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83 - Usury in State Loans
Mohammad Jafari Harandi

The usury is prohibited in Islam. This prohibition be aimed at ofreal persons; because they have not any religious obligation;therefore the prohibition and obligation do not aim at them andbecause of the government is a legal person its bargains topicallyare out of proh More

The usury is prohibited in Islam. This prohibition be aimed at ofreal persons; because they have not any religious obligation;therefore the prohibition and obligation do not aim at them andbecause of the government is a legal person its bargains topicallyare out of prohibition of usury and in addition the governmentproperty including cash belongs to the people and considers ascommon property and when the government loans it to the people infact loans peoples property to themselves and therefore if it takesany gain there is not any problem. Manuscript profile

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84 - Legislative-executive critique, the philosophy of punishment of repentant criminals in ta'zir crimes non-Determined
Amin Jalili seyd Mohamad Mehdi Sadati

True repentance is rebirth. The great change in the soul of the repentant person causes him to wisely and unhesitatingly accept responsibility for his mistake and seek to correct the past and prepare for the future. The action of the criminal legislature to limit the in More

True repentance is rebirth. The great change in the soul of the repentant person causes him to wisely and unhesitatingly accept responsibility for his mistake and seek to correct the past and prepare for the future. The action of the criminal legislature to limit the influence of the institution of repentance in the partial fall of the government's punitive punishments and the inability of the judiciary to issue a moratorium on prosecution is contrary to the rationality and spirituality hidden in Islamic criminal policy and the judiciary being a judge. The organization of the judicial cycle of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the criminal policy of Islamic punishment requires the reliance of the penitentiary on the criminal response to the act of punishment. Therefore, it is appropriate for the divine institution of repentance in criminal law to be the muscat of punishment for all punitive crimes of the government by all judicial authorities. Avoiding criminalism and paying attention to moral values and social interests in the legislative stage and preventing procrastination and increasing the volume of cases in the executive dimension, are among the goals of the author to take this position. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Recognition of the Non Appointed Government
Sayed Masoud Noorbakhsh

At the beginning of the juridical duration, the question which the Shia jurisprudents had been dealt with it, was limited to “whether a righteous treatment is sufficient for legitimation of a government, or the Immaculate Leader assignment or permission is strictl More

At the beginning of the juridical duration, the question which the Shia jurisprudents had been dealt with it, was limited to “whether a righteous treatment is sufficient for legitimation of a government, or the Immaculate Leader assignment or permission is strictly necessary for it.With the beginning of the religiousness reformation and incoming of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, and following it, political and social evolution and incoming new concepts and criteria for legitimation of the governments, such as existentialism and democracy, Moslems religious were encountered with a hard challenge:“What is the religion attitude with respect to these reformations?”In the religiousness colloquies, some deduced these concepts as opposite to the “Vellayet theory” and Law Giver assignment and sentenced them to be illegitimate and hence, labeled the systems based on these bases as injustice governments.On the other hand, some jurisprudents tried to remove the oppositeness between these concepts and religiousness learning by getting different deductions of the religion, and at least, to recognize them.More of this, some claimed to deduction of just these bases from religiousness literature, and sentenced them to be legal.But the theory of Ayato-Allah Mahdy Haery, “the proxy of governors from the people”, closes the way of existence of oppositeness between knowledge and religion at first, by declaration of a reasoning which uses both citation sources and intellectual rules, (by illumination of the limit of the inspiration influence in this domain).Also Allame Tabatabai denies the dominance of everybody on the people fate, using the Koran Mohkamat reasoning such as nature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Analyzing of financial policy triggers on how the state budget is allocated
Marzieh Afkharian Karmaleh Daneshfard Hajieh Rajabi Farjad

budget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and More

budget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and the administrative and management system of the public sector. Purpose of this study was to analyze the triggers of financial policy on allocation of state budget. The research is applied one in terms of the goal, and it is descriptive survey in terms of collecting data. Statistical universe of this research includes the managers and employees of the “plan and budget” organization. They were 100, which are obtained using Cochran's formula of 80 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire (a total of 47 questions). Its validity obtained through content and structure validity, and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha for each of the triggers of the financial policy including (natural disasters, 0.868; economic crises, 0.915; social evolution, 0.915; environmental changes, 0/922; technological advances, 0/818) and the way of state budget allocation 844/0 has been approved. Data analysis has been done using structural equation modeling and Smart PlS software. Results of the study showed that the analysis of the triggers of financial policy (natural disasters, economic crises, social evolution, environmental changes, and technological advancements) are influential on the way of allocation of public funds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Justice Shares and Earnings Quality: A Political Economy Perspective
Mohsen Imeni fereydoon rahnama bahman banimahd hashem nikoomaram

10.30495/jma.2022.21072

Political economy, social science is that explores the dynamic interaction between market forces and the government, and examines the effects of the tension and conflict between the two is in the community. The influence of political powers is effectively on firms' perf More

Political economy, social science is that explores the dynamic interaction between market forces and the government, and examines the effects of the tension and conflict between the two is in the community. The influence of political powers is effectively on firms' performance, and corporate managers that are at the center of political attention, they find motivated to adapt to accounting practices through which they can manage earnings. Under justice Share's scheme, the government is required to distribute shares of profitable state-owned firms to the public; And may these companies managers through the use of political influence their manage earnings, and therefore will be important the study of the effect of this influence on the quality of earnings. This research studies the effect justice shares on the quality of earnings, with an emphasis on political economy perspective in the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. Linear multivariate models have been used to test the relationship between research variables. The research sample consisted of 130 firms during the years 2012 to 2017 (6 years period). The results of the research indicate that the existence of justice shares in the ownership structure has a significant negative effect on the quality of earnings. Because in the developing countries, the economic system is dominated the connection and influence of government, and therefore be controlled and supported by the state and its affiliated institutions; thus, the influence of government and political management in companies can reduce their quality of earnings. Hence, the results of the research confirm the application of the theory of political economy regarding the adoption of macroeconomic policies (justice shares) and their effects on the quality of earnings Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Investigating the Effect of Environmental Factors on Governmental Accounting Reform Process in Iran by Contingency Model
قدرت الله طالب نیا بتول زارعی

Any military transformation requires knowledge of environmental factors areinfluencing the system. Accounting system of government of Iran is no exception.Therefore the present study investigated the previous literature on this system toExplanation necessary reforms in More

Any military transformation requires knowledge of environmental factors areinfluencing the system. Accounting system of government of Iran is no exception.Therefore the present study investigated the previous literature on this system toExplanation necessary reforms in public accounting to the adoption of accrualaccounting and finally Through scientific research method, a contingency model, thatis a simplified form of the international contingency model presented by ProfessorLüder (FMR), to explain how environmental factors effects on innovation and reformprocess, has provided. Survey finding indicates the fact that government accounting isnow on the verge of a fundamental transformation. Increasing demand for moreinformation, after proposed reforms of public sector management, including legalrequirements concerning operational budget, is the primary driver of thistransformation. The model for predicting future trends of reform in Iran has also beenused, to confirm the predictive power of the model is provided by the Lüder. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Survey the role of budget settlement report in the implementation of parliamentary control over government's performance
Karamollah Daneshfard Hasan Ghezelbash

The budget settlement report is a tool for the implementation of the parliament'ssupervisory status and a instrument for the implementation of parliamentary control.Definitely, if the settlement budget is presented and sent to the parliament in a timelymanner, it can be More

The budget settlement report is a tool for the implementation of the parliament'ssupervisory status and a instrument for the implementation of parliamentary control.Definitely, if the settlement budget is presented and sent to the parliament in a timelymanner, it can become an appropriate foundation for the assessment of government'sperformance and an indicator for many technical ideas and an index for manytechnical ideas and assessments of the government agencies and the ministries as aresult of which the accuracy of the government's operations will improve.Government's performance in this research has been operated by three-partmeasurement, including: government's accountability, reduction in violations, andusing this report in the future planing. In general classification of researchs,this studyis descriptive research and based on the method of the data collection,a field study,and also based on the nature of the goals applied .this study population is the country'saccounting agencies' experts in which the mass-questioning method has been used.The tools for the collection of data are the questionnaires whose validity has beenconfirmed by using the formal method and the reliability by calculating theCronbach's alpha and also the use of the accurate Fisher test. The result of the studyindicate that there is a significant correlation between the budget settlement and thereduction in violations and the government's accountability. However, as far as theeffect of the budget settlement report on the government's future planning isconcerned, the conclusions indicates that between the budget settlement report and thefuture government planning there is no significant correlation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - The impact of government debt on the growth and welfare of the society under the golden rule of financial development, applying Star threshold regime change models
mohamadbagher sadeghi marjan damankeshideh Ali younessi shayar nassabian amirreza keyghobadi

10.30495/jma.2023.22628

Developing countries, especially those with the rent of natural resources, are facing the inefficiency and large size of the government. In many cases, in order to compensate for the structural deficit, countries with natural resource rent create a capital balance surpl More

Developing countries, especially those with the rent of natural resources, are facing the inefficiency and large size of the government. In many cases, in order to compensate for the structural deficit, countries with natural resource rent create a capital balance surplus in the budget by reducing construction costs and allocate the created capital surplus to current expenses. This has long-term negative lasting consequences for economic growth. In many countries, this approach is not able to compensate the total deficit of the operating balance of the government, and the remaining deficit is financed through borrowing from abroad or the domestic economy. In this study, the impact of government debt on the growth and welfare of the society under the golden rule of financial development during the period of 1365-1399 and the application of the soft transfer threshold approach (STAR) was analyzed. The results of the non-linear part of the model show the existence of a positive relationship between the financial development variable and the economic growth and welfare index. Also, the variables of government size, government budget deficit, oil shock, exchange rate fluctuations and sanctions respectively lead to a decrease; 17%, 14%, 6%, 43% and 2% are economic growth and prosperity. The main channel of influencing financial development is done through increasing investment efficiency, quality of regulations, reducing economic sanctions and governance indicators. Therefore, the way of financial market liberalization, the weakness of financial system management and the lack of formation of coherent financial markets and the benefit of regulations in the country can be considered as the reasons for the reduction of investment efficiency through the non-optimal allocation of resources in the country. As a result, more attention and diligence should be done in the country to develop and make the financial markets more efficient, and as a result, allocate resources more efficiently and increase investment efficiency. Also, due to the strong dependence of the government budget on oil revenues, this dependence should be reduced and attention to tax income should be increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - The Perception of Residence about Role of Non Government Organizations (NGOs) in Preserving the Urban Green Spaces in Tehran
S. M. Mirdamadi S. Haji-Shafie

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Cultural Contracts of Governments in International Law with Emphasis on International Criminal Court Judgments on Cultural Rights
faranak neisi Ali Mashhadi

Study of legal dimensions of governments cultural commitments in international rights, because of it’s complications, is the most challenging questions in the ICJ. This research started for the answer of this question: “HOW the international low courts are r More

Study of legal dimensions of governments cultural commitments in international rights, because of it’s complications, is the most challenging questions in the ICJ. This research started for the answer of this question: “HOW the international low courts are resulted to address the surroundings of cultural rights- that are the obvious samples of governments cultural commitments – and what are it’s challenging of this questions” Research method: Analytical-descriptive research method is a type of library. Findings: The research OF this article shows governments cultural commitments in international rights aren’t just abstract and theologian commitments; but also are practical commitments which are reflected in votes of the bureau Conclusions: just (the) address the surroundings governments cultural commitments in international rights not for certain mention of achievements of bureau is a false repeat Manuscript profile

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93 - Iranian Islamic Knowledge Knowledge Management Based On The Teachings Of The Islamic Religion And The Iranian Culture
HASAN Movaffagh Gholamreza Hashemzadeh khorasegani esfandiar Doshmanziari

Islamic Countries Especially Iran Having A Special Philosophy Of Life And A Different Culture With Other Countries, They Need Their Own Theories. Despite The Many Studies That Have Been Done In Knowledge Management, Very Few Researches Have Focused On Knowledge Manageme More

Islamic Countries Especially Iran Having A Special Philosophy Of Life And A Different Culture With Other Countries, They Need Their Own Theories. Despite The Many Studies That Have Been Done In Knowledge Management, Very Few Researches Have Focused On Knowledge Management With The Iranian Islamic Approach And There Was No Comprehensive And Credible Research In This Regard. This Led Researchers To Use The Qualitative Method To Study And Investigation In The Area Referred To. The Main Issue Of This Research Is That: Is It Possible To Communicate Knowledge Management As Iranian Islamic Knowledge Management? Looking For The Answer, Researchers Studied Localization Of Knowledge Management Based On Values And Teachings Of The Islamic Religion And The Iranian Culture. There Is No Community In This Research And Interviewed With Seventeen Experts. After Analizing And Interpretin The Data Collected The Main Influential Concepts In Islamic Knowledge Management Were Obtained And It Is Possible To Communicate Knowledge Management As Iranian Islamic Knowledge Management, There Is No Doubt About It, And It Is Better To See Knowledge Management With Iranian And Islamic Look. Manuscript profile

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94 - The role analysis of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province)
Masoud Ghahremani Farshad Zavari Khanaghah

Research Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state More

Research Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province). Research Method: the purpose of the research is practical and descriptive in terms of data collection. Statistical Society: the population consisted of 86298 employees of popular - government constitutions and state Organizations of west azerbaijan province. using available sampling method, 382 persons were selected as the sample, respectively. Methodology: data collection was done using the researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability coefficient of 0.887. descriptive and inferential statistics, spssv25 software, one-sample t-test were used. Findings and Results: the Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress has a positive and direct role in Strategic Realms Transformation (Intellectuality, Science, Spirituality, life) and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (Security, Independence, Authority) in the popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province. the role model of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity was drawn. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Identifying the dimensions of cultural competence in health sector governmental organizations
Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani jalil sahabi

10.30495/jcm.2022.69167.1617

Introduction and purpose: Cultural competence is the ability of the treatment staff to work successfully with patients from different cultural backgrounds. This article was done with the aim of identifying the dimensions of cultural competence in government organization More

Introduction and purpose: Cultural competence is the ability of the treatment staff to work successfully with patients from different cultural backgrounds. This article was done with the aim of identifying the dimensions of cultural competence in government organizations in the health and medical sector.Research method: meta-combination was used to review the research literature, and then using the opinions of 10 academic experts through questionnaire and Delphi method to confirm the model.Findings: In the initial stage, with a systematic review of 234 documents, which finally reached 45 after refining, 4 indicators and 13 sub-indices of cultural competence were extracted. It was achieved and by removing two factors that had little validity and also modifying 5 other factors, finally in the second round of Delphi, it was 735/. It was taken out, which shows the high validity of these dimensions.Conclusion: the indicators of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural skill are the four final indicators, applying the extracted model in the public health and treatment sector will be able to be a tool for analyzing and prioritizing cultural competence in the public sector and The results should be the basis of management measures to increase the productivity of the organization.Keywords: cultural competence, government healthcare sector, Delphi technique, hybrid method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - A survey of organizational culture in Governmental and Non- Governmental hospitals and their impacts on employee’s performances; (The case study: modares and lale hospital, Tehran, Iran)
دکتر پوران رئیسی دکتر امیر اشکان نصیری پور مژگان محمودی

Introduction & Objective: The goal of the present study was to survey of organizationalculture in Shahid modares governmental hospital and Laleh non-govenmental hospital andtheir impacts on employees' performance.Materials & Methods: In order to achieve the goal More

Introduction & Objective: The goal of the present study was to survey of organizationalculture in Shahid modares governmental hospital and Laleh non-govenmental hospital andtheir impacts on employees' performance.Materials & Methods: In order to achieve the goal, organizational culture and employeesperformance of two hospitals were evaluated on questioner which had threeparts(demographic information , organizational culture , employees performance).TheLikert system in 5 scale was used for responses and finally the data was analyzed by thestatistical indicator,T.test and Pierson test .Ten percent of the employees who worked inShahid modares hospital and Laleh hospital (n1 = 70) and (n2=70) were selected toparticipate in this research .Results: The findings revealed ‘there was positive and significant relationship between theorganizational culture and employees performances (except individual creativity, risk,critique indicators) in per two hospitals(r=0/879, P<0/01) between organizational cultureindexes in shahid modares hospital, Identity, control, critique indicators and in lalehhospital, other indicators had better position .Also Between employees' performanceindexes of laleh hospital, Quality, Discipline, Responsibility indicators had better position .These findings indicate the hospitals in a relatively weak position to support breastfeedingin this province.Conclusion: The health care managers should have been attention to organizational cultureand their effects on employee’s performance .With this regard such as clear function,appropriate reward system to establish corporation and education continuing betterorganizational in environmental hospital .Also to establish job security, to recommend onself-control of employees and attention to criticisms are important in employees'satisfaction and their better performance in non_governmaental Laleh hospital. Manuscript profile

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97 - Design the Pattern ‘Developing Of ExportingCultural Goods’
دکتر عباس معمارنژاد زهره حسین زادگان

It seems Iranian cultural market and position ofeconomy_culture can get growth,If economic view to culture related to administrativelevels accompany with un-normal judgment of logic and scientific economicattitude.It will also get free choices to consumers.Materials&amp More

It seems Iranian cultural market and position ofeconomy_culture can get growth,If economic view to culture related to administrativelevels accompany with un-normal judgment of logic and scientific economicattitude.It will also get free choices to consumers.Materials&Methods: This research is ‘Applicable by purpose’and ‘Descriptive(correlative) by method’ with a Questionnare includes 35factors after Validity &Reliability.The sample has 77 managers, practionares and experts at Indusry ofcultural goods exporting as ‘Statistical population’.Results&Conclusion:according to the test,the findings reveal “from 1st to 7thhypotheses,there is a positive and significant relation between knowingenvironmental& competitive factors in world markets,supportive policy ofgovernment,product price,type & distribution,And amount of cultural goodsexporting.Results&Conclusion:According to Candol test,first,’supportive policy ofgovernment’, then‘knowing competitive factors in world markets’,last’product price& knowing environmental factors’ have the most effectiveness in developing ofexporting cultural goods Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Studying the Effect of Non-Governmental Organizations on the Cultural Behaviors of Young Adults
دکتر حسین مظفر حسین قنادیان

This research aims to study the effect of non-governmental organizations on thecultural behaviors of young adults by using the descriptive-analytical research methodto test the sample society which was the licensed members of non-governmentalorganizations ranging betwee More

This research aims to study the effect of non-governmental organizations on thecultural behaviors of young adults by using the descriptive-analytical research methodto test the sample society which was the licensed members of non-governmentalorganizations ranging between ages 15 to 29. The 8 factors of logical behavior, group& contribution behavior, planned behavior, responsible behavior, civil behavior,strategic & hopeful behavior, extending behavior and appreciative behavior werestudied and then the research hypotheses were tested. The results have shown thatnon-governmental organizations do not effect the cultural-social behaviors of themembers and managing the cultural behaviors of young adults is useless; but, it canstrengthen social empowering, enforce the spirit of contribution and develop thepublic culture of the youth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - REVIEWING THE POSITION OF PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATION OF BOOKS AND GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES IN IRAN
Seyed Reza Salehi Amiri Farideh Behbahanian

In this article, the writer reviews the position of professional publication ofbooks in Iran and the effect government’s policies in this field. Studying thestate of governmental and private publishers and the role of each of them inprofessional publication, the w More

In this article, the writer reviews the position of professional publication ofbooks in Iran and the effect government’s policies in this field. Studying thestate of governmental and private publishers and the role of each of them inprofessional publication, the writer reviews the methods of the government’ssupport of book publication, and discusses the positive points and the defaultsof these methods, and presenting a proposal model of the government’ssupporting method of the publication industry, the writer concludes that thegovernment should revise its policies, and in this revision: 1) the governmentshould quit being one-sided, and take all elements and factors of publicationinto consideration of these policies, and 2) planning a harmonizing structuresuch as The National Book Development Council in the country, it shouldexercise harmonious and cohesive policies in this field. Manuscript profile

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100 - athology & Explaining the Political Culture of Iranian Governmental Organizations & Presenting an Influential model
دکتر مهرداد نوابخش دکتر مسعود پور کیانی دکتر حسین شریعت

This research focuses on pathology, explaining the political culture of Iraniangovernmental organizations and presenting the kind of the governing political culturein organizations. Then comes the analysis of the relation between political culture andorganizational infl More

This research focuses on pathology, explaining the political culture of Iraniangovernmental organizations and presenting the kind of the governing political culturein organizations. Then comes the analysis of the relation between political culture andorganizational influence and the presentation of an influential model. The researchwas done through a descriptive-analytical method of co relational studies andquestionnaires were handed out to 30 prodigies and professors of the IranianGovernmental Management field and to 1451 employees of governmentalorganizations from 6 provinces of Iran. By analyzing the foresaid collection of theinformation and data, 62 of the damages from political cultures of the Iraniangovernmental organizations were classified which were in 3 phases of individualdamages, organizational damages and environmental damages. At last, the kind ofpolitical culture of Iran's governmental organizations has been partially assessed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - A framework for effective factors on success of mobile government services delivery in Iran
نفیسه محمدی دکتر علیرضا پورابراهیمی دکتر عباس طلوعی اشلقی

This research presents a framework of effective success factors to implement andoffer mobile government services in developing countries like Iran. Effective factorson success are criteria by which we can measure success of organization. Thisframework obtains its consti More

This research presents a framework of effective success factors to implement andoffer mobile government services in developing countries like Iran. Effective factorson success are criteria by which we can measure success of organization. Thisframework obtains its constituent factors by studying recent related authentic articlesabout models and frameworks of effective key success factors of electronicgovernment (e-government) and mobile government (m-government). Then aframework is established by using Meta-Synthesis method and frequency of thosefactors. Actually, in this framework, the factors are categorized into 6 groups;governmental, technical, organizational, social, cultural, and financial. Finally, thesefactors are ranked, using TOPSIS method. The purpose of this research is to define aframework of effective factors on success of mobile government services delivery inIran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Designing the Model of ecosystem of entrepreneurship promotion in Iranian cinema
Mohsen Beigagha Alireza Shirvani Mojtaba Khazaei

Introduction and Goal: The purpose of this research is designing a model of ecosystem of the entrepreneurship promotion in Iranian cinema. An ecosystem with the elements such as Government, Elites, Financial Resources, NGO's, Educational Institutions and Links between i More

Introduction and Goal: The purpose of this research is designing a model of ecosystem of the entrepreneurship promotion in Iranian cinema. An ecosystem with the elements such as Government, Elites, Financial Resources, NGO's, Educational Institutions and Links between internal and external entrepreneurs has been designed. The goal is providing guidance to cultural management in Iranian cinema on how to use the entrepreneurship elements. Methodology: The method of research was descriptive and mixed method (Qualitative and quantitative) through purposeful interview and distributing the questionnaire, as main instrument of research. Findings:  All the six factors of research have effect on Innovation factor. Among six factors, financial resources have the more effect on the factor of innovation and links between internal and external entrepreneurs has less effect on the mentioned factor. Result: Tendency of Iranian cinema to absorb young generation, remove governmental supervisory, encourage entrepreneurial ideas and plan a long-term view.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - Culture Engineering at the Level of Governmental Newspapers in Iran
دکتر علی اکبر فرهنگی سیدعبداله سجادی جاغرق

This research is functional, purpose wise and descriptive (correlational), methodwise. The research population includes all experts, professors and experts in the fieldof media and culture. In this population 86 experts were selected and the influence ofeach of the comp More

This research is functional, purpose wise and descriptive (correlational), methodwise. The research population includes all experts, professors and experts in the fieldof media and culture. In this population 86 experts were selected and the influence ofeach of the components on culture engineering was evaluated, stressing the role ofgovernmental newspapers. In addition, in this study, library and field methods areused.The assumptions testing of the research show that according to the opinions ofexperts in the field of media and culture, there is a significant relation between therole of governmental newspapers and supported values, artifacts, and the fundamentaland underlying assumptions of the main components in culture engineering. Also,according to the opinions of the sample experts, among the 15 studied components ofrisk taking is most important factor and the mental models of the linguistic paradigmis the least important factor in developing culture engineering at the level ofgovernmental newspapers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - The concept of "modern sovereignty" or the concept of "modern sovereignty"
Leili Borojerdi

Sovereignty is a concept that has always been debated by the government because it justifies the power of the ruler and how it is exercised. This concept has always evolved and interpreted throughout history, and at one time or another, the concept of sovereignty and it More

Sovereignty is a concept that has always been debated by the government because it justifies the power of the ruler and how it is exercised. This concept has always evolved and interpreted throughout history, and at one time or another, the concept of sovereignty and its interpretation has never been the same. The state's attitude towards elements such as the people, the economy , Ownership, taxation, the status of government and its views, the interpretation of sovereignty as justifying the exercise of government, the place of government structures and power including the three powers, the legislative attitude, and the legitimizing factor for the holder of this right are very important That need to be considered in examining the concept of sovereignty, in which Traditional and modern notions of these concepts lead us to the conclusion that it is impossible to provide a consistent and uniform interpretation of the concept of sovereignty, and thus this variation of the oscillation is the best way of explaining and presenting the concept, using hermeneutic interpretation and considering the circumstances. , Shows the time, environment, and context for its review. Manuscript profile

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105 - Studying the Effects of Religiousness and Political Orientation on Justice Feeling among Iranian Citizens Regarding Iranian Government´s Welfare Development Plans
Meisam Hasheminiya Rahmatollah Amirahmadi Hossein Abolhassan Tanhaei

The present research aimed at studying the effects of religiousness and political orientation on justice feeling among Iranian citizens regarding Iranian government´s welfare plans. This perspective is important because the political sovereignty of Iran with an insepara More

The present research aimed at studying the effects of religiousness and political orientation on justice feeling among Iranian citizens regarding Iranian government´s welfare plans. This perspective is important because the political sovereignty of Iran with an inseparable tie with religion tries to have a different attitude towards social welfare and justice based on religious concepts. The present research framework was developed based on the theories of criticizing the government of welfare and Bourdieu´s theory. The present research was carried out by survey method and using questionnaire administered among Khoramabad citizens in 2021. The research sampling was designed through integrating cluster sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling with 400 as the sample volume. The results showed that Khorramabad citizens have not an equal attitude towards Iranian governments´ social welfare plans. Regarding the three previous governments, Khoramabad citizens assessed welfare plans of Khatami´s government as higher than that of Rohani´s government. Regarding their hope for the next government´s welfare plans, majority of the population predict the same or worse conditions. The research results showed that their commitment towards religious rituals and political orientations have effects on their assessment of a government´s welfare plans, i.e., the individuals with fundamentalist orientation and religious believes assess plans for distributive justice higher. The results also showed that priorities in the individuals´ orientation or attitude resulted in accepting or rejecting governmental institutions in their minds; moreover, the individuals assess securing the social needs and distributive justice in the governments´ welfare plans as biased for or against them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Comparative Study of Indicators of Tourism Industry In the tenth and eleventh administrations
saeed keshani tahmures shiri زهرا حضرتی صومعه

Iran, a country with diverse cultural, historical, natural, ethnic and artistic tourism potentials can undoubtedly be one of development styles. But despite the good-natured words of the administrations in this regard, the industry has not yet developed its real status More

Iran, a country with diverse cultural, historical, natural, ethnic and artistic tourism potentials can undoubtedly be one of development styles. But despite the good-natured words of the administrations in this regard, the industry has not yet developed its real status as a growth factor. In this study, which aims at a comparative study of the indicators of tourism industry in the tenth and eleventh administrations, by analyzing the qualitative content of interviews with ten experts in the field of tourism at the levels of management, implementation and training, we have drawn the conclusion that the control and supervisory framework of tourism, commercial environment and tourism infrastructure, human, cultural and natural resources provide the thriving tourism industry. The analysis of the interviews reveals that the lack of a comprehensive strategic document in the country and the consecutive changes in the managers of the tourism industry and the lack of prioritization of this industry in all administrations indicate that the changes in the industry are not so significant that provide remarkable differences. Therefore, the indicators of the tourism industry in the tenth and eleventh administrations are not significantly different. It is recommended that the comprehensive strategic document of the industry be formulated and adopted by assistance of experts in this field to be considered apart from any political approach in the structure of governments. With this trend, identified indicators in this study will be realized. Keywords: tourism, development, economic boom, government Manuscript profile

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107 - Qualitative study of the development and change of organizational culture and identification of its leverage points with the approach to reforming work ethic (Case study: Government agencies of Golestan Privince)
Mojtaba Ranjabar Akbar Akbar Etenbariyan Khorasgani Mehraban Hadi Peykani

10.30495/jisds.2007.21236

The purpose of this study was to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with the approach to reforming the work ethic and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of qualita More

The purpose of this study was to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with the approach to reforming the work ethic and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of qualitative research and research method was grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of 17 managers of governmental organizations in Golestan province. Data were gathered using interviews and information required for research. The findings were carried out in three stages: 1. open coding, 2. Axial coding, 3.Selective coding. Finding: 73 concepts were extracted from the interviews and divided into 7 main categories around the work ethics. The result of the research showed that the first category, the strategic approach to the reform of work ethics, (0.600), the second category, the management of the values of the organization (0.446); the third category, the management of the change (0.505); the fourth category, The transformational leadership skills (0.729); the fifth category the sponsoring staff (0.618); the sixth category, The knowledge and information management (0.730); and the seventh category, the proportional organization (0.664), each one has the highest and the least coefficient of path toward the consequences of reforming work ethic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Examining the "consequences" of implementing communication programs for the development of social partnerships in non-governmental organizations and charities
mohammad reza ghorbany Faezeh Taghipour Mansoure Pourmiri

10.30495/jisds.2023.72704.11879

 This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data o More

 This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data of this research was obtained through semistructured interviews with 22 experts and managers. active in non-governmental organizations and collected bytheoretical sampling. In this research, from the analysis of 839 conceptual codes resulting from theconversations, a total of 574 central categories were obtained, of which 80 conceptual codes were related to thepositive and negative results and consequences of the implementation of media and communication programs inNGOs and charities, in the form of 68 codes. Axial and 37 selective codes were presented. Based on the findingsof this research, the "positive consequences" of implementing communication programs in the development ofsocial partnerships in ngos and charities are: improving the status and empowerment of NGOs and charities,developing research and scientific foundations in ngos and increasing scientific achievements. , cultural andeconomic ngos and "negative consequences" of not implementing communication programs in the developmentof social partnerships in charities including things such as: weakness in effective monitoring of ngos activities,weakness in their "efficiency" and weakness in knowledge management and strategic management in ngos andcharities, in each case based on the findings of the research, the relevant analysis and interpretation ispresented.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Science and technology policies in five-year development plans (Discourse analysis of the 6th program based on the approach of Laclou and Mouffe)
seiedeh zahra amirarjmandi mahrdad navabakhsh باقر ساروخانی

Because of their importance in the economic and social development of societies, science and technology policies have become one of the most important arenas of discourse conflict. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the discourse of the More

Because of their importance in the economic and social development of societies, science and technology policies have become one of the most important arenas of discourse conflict. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the discourse of the sixth program based on Laclau and Mouffe's approach. The studied society was all the legal articles and notes related to science and technology in the law of the sixth development plan, which were studied in full. The findings show that the central signifier of this document is "purposeful scientific innovation". It has built its symbols based on three signs: "Efficiency and modernity, privatization/popularization and knowledge-based economy". The floating sign has shown itself in the form of "collaboration and scientific participation" and "competitive performance". The null signs are "Employment", "Scientific modernization and improvement" and "Scientific productivity" which are associated with interruptions and moments of "People building", "Educational modernization and improvement" and "Islamic culture and values". The discourse area of this program is "state-centered, external dependence, reduction of deprivation and scientific neutrality" which "culture-centered/landscape-centered" discourse with its hegemonic position has marginalized conflicts and consolidated the space for its own discourse maneuver. The results of this study show that this program is moving towards quantitative goals with an emphasis on positivist and supply-oriented processes, which has made it possible to popularize science and use social capital with a serious vacuum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - Studying the status of social indicators in the textile industrial cluster of Yazd
manouchehr alinejad abolfazl morshedi elham hajidokt

10.30495/jisds.2023.73224.11890

 The textile industry is one of the strategic industries and one of the basic pillars of society. Textile inYazd has a long history, but in recent years has experienced an unfavorable situation. Meanwhile, industrialclusters have many advantages in economic develop More

 The textile industry is one of the strategic industries and one of the basic pillars of society. Textile inYazd has a long history, but in recent years has experienced an unfavorable situation. Meanwhile, industrialclusters have many advantages in economic development by bringing together small enterprises. Various factorscontribute to the success of industrial clusters. Social capital is one of the indicators of growth and developmentof any country is one of the dimensions of social indicators. In this study, we have studied its role in the successor failure of Yazd textile industrial cluster with a qualitative approach. The data of this study were obtainedfrom a semi-structured interview with 17 industry owners, academics and researchers in this field. The findingsof this study, using thematic analysis, address challenges at three levels of communication between industrialorganizations and the textile industry, including "The ineffective approach of the government prevents thepromotion of organizations to the supportive position of industry and government", "the alienation of industryowners from the organizational culture", "Lack of support for technology development projects and the creationof technical knowledge" and "Motivational barriers and high volume of educational and executive activities ofacademics", "Lack of development of the necessary infrastructure for commercialization of research", "Lack ofsystemic thinking between industry and university managers", "Lack of mission-oriented planning in theeducational and research policies of the higher education system", the relationship between universities andresearch centers and innovation with the textile industry, and "inaction and regression in the field of structuredplanning", "Lack of necessary mechanisms to reduce the final price and increase competitiveness","Decentralized and rent-seeking policies", "Lack of forward-looking and specialized policy-making" therelationship of government organizations with the textile industry. The findings indicate the significant role ofgovernment and government policies in the low level of social capital in the textile industrial cluster of Yazd.Therefore, changing the government's approach to its role in Yazd textile industry from entrepreneurial toprotectionist is one of the most important factors in increasing the appropriate social capital.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - The response of society's welfare to government debt shocks and institutional quality under the golden rule of financial development
mohamadbagher sadeghi marjan damankeshideh Ali Younessi Shahriyar nassabian Amir reza Keyghobadi

10.30495/jisds.2023.75643.11969

 The present study explains the response of society's welfare to government debt shocks andinstitutional quality under the golden rule of financial development for the years 1365-1400. For this purpose,using the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which More

 The present study explains the response of society's welfare to government debt shocks andinstitutional quality under the golden rule of financial development for the years 1365-1400. For this purpose,using the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; The effects ofuncertainty caused by the size of the government, government budget deficit, financial development, oil andcurrency impulses on the economic well-being of the society were investigated. The findings showed that animpulse from the oil price and exchange rate causes a 9% and 2% decrease in the economic well-being of thesociety. The response of the economic well-being of the society to the impetus from the financial developmentarea is also close to 3%. Also, the results of the analysis of variance caused by a sudden change specific impulseshow that in the third period, 19.13 percent of the changes are related to oil price impulses, 15.97 percent arerelated to the exchange rate impulse, 27.98 percent are related to the budget deficit impulse, 67 2.2% wasrelated to the impulse of government size and 3.56% was related to the impulse of financial development.Because the relationship of financial markets is the main factor in the transfer of oil price instability to othersectors of the economy, financial discipline is the only wise way to deal with the phenomenon of improper use ofoil resources, currency and financial instability. For this reason, it is necessary to vaccinate the economyagainst the instability of oil revenues by disconnecting the government's current expenditures with oil revenues.Also, regarding the way of spending oil revenues, the existing laws regarding saving a part of oil revenues in theNational Development Fund should be implemented with more executive guarantee  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - A Comparative Study of Laws and Government Development Programs in the Field of Family (Case of Study: Iran and Malaysia)
Leyli Boroujerdi Mohammadreza Vijeh

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - A Survey on social factors affecting woman participation Rate in Tabriz NGOs
Hamid Pouryousefi Habibeh Bahari

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - Assessment of Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani’s Exposure to the America Object in the Course of Development from the Perspective of Discourse Analysis
Maryam Jamshidi Mehrdad Navabakhsh

The world is the product of discourses and discourses have power. This enables them to highlight or marginalize political or social issues. It also allows them to create a hegemony in the political-social conflicts, or even to deconstruct them, and, in short, they creat More

The world is the product of discourses and discourses have power. This enables them to highlight or marginalize political or social issues. It also allows them to create a hegemony in the political-social conflicts, or even to deconstruct them, and, in short, they create identity in the same way as myths. This paper examines the object of America in foreign policy discourse in the development period by considering the Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani’s discourse toward facing the U.S. at the time. The research method used in this article is discourse analysis. The results indicate that the signifiers of good will and good faith as well as logical behavior, are the main signifiers in Hashemi Rafsanjani’s discourse in facing the U.S. There are signifiers and other elements articulated such as a lack of trust and intimacy around the signifiers. However, by reviewing the literature related to the speeches and statements of the then Iranian president, he has shown that while he was trying to have an interactive and good-faith-oriented approach to the West / U.S., he could not succeed in this regard because some of America's actions created main obstacles like this. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - The Role of the Government in Economic Development of Turkey in Recent Three Decades
Abbass Mossalanejad Samaneh Akbari

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - An Analysis on the Villagers’ Social Participation Approach in Sustainable Rural Development Programs with Emphasis on Rural Community in Iran
Mohammad Sadeagh Oliaei

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Qualitative study of the development and change of organizational culture and identification of its leverage points with the approach to reforming work ethic (Case study: Government agencies of Golestan Province)
Mojtaba Ranjbar Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Mehraban Hadi Peikani

The purpose of this study is to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with an approach of reforming the work ethics and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of research More

The purpose of this study is to identify the leverage points of its organizational culture with an approach of reforming the work ethics and designing its development model and its transformation into governmental organizations of Golestan province. The type of research is qualitative and research method is grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consists of 17 experts of governmental organizations in Golestan province. The data are gathered using interviews and information required for research. The findings are carried out in three stages: 1. open coding, 2. Axial coding, 3.Selective coding. The finding show that 73 concepts are extracted from the interviews and divided into 7 main categories around the work ethics. The result of the research show that the first category, the strategic approach to the reform of work ethics, (0.600), the second category, the management of the values of the organization (0.446); the third category, the management of the change (0.505); the fourth category, The transformational leadership (0.729); the fifth category the sponsoring staff (0.618); the sixth category, The knowledge and information management (0.730); and the seventh category, the proportional organization (0.664), each one has the highest and the least coefficient of path toward the consequences of reforming work ethics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - The Role of the American Economic Crisis in 1929 on the Development of the State Economy in Iran during the First Pahlavi Era
Sina Foroozesh

The decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from u More

The decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from underdeveloped countries. The Depression made the Iranian Government and parliament to adopt measures to grapple with it. At this point, the main Q.S of present research is how did the above-mentioned crisis lead to the development of the state economy in Iran during the first Pahlavi era? The research method in the current study is Documentary, based on the qualitative study of data analysis and gathered documents of Iranian economic variables during the Depression. The result of this research is indicating the measures adopted by the government led to a monopoly and state-controlled economy in Iran for cover financial crisis 1929. The measures increased the authority and control of the government over the economy, ultimately, the economy was totally at the disposal of the government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - The Study of Effective Factors on the Cultural Performance and Policy of Ninth and Tenth Government
Tahmoures Shiri Zahra Hassan OstadAli

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - The Relation between Jurisprudence and Common Legal Sources and Essentials of Sovereignty
Mohammad Hosain Farhangi

Sovereignty and its various forms have always been a matter ofconsideration by men of political thought. Different approaches offollowers of religions and those of Islam have also been considered inthe process of sovereignty. In the Islamic Jurisprudence some suchsubjec More

Sovereignty and its various forms have always been a matter ofconsideration by men of political thought. Different approaches offollowers of religions and those of Islam have also been considered inthe process of sovereignty. In the Islamic Jurisprudence some suchsubjects as custom, reason, interest, and implicit interests have affectedthe realm of interference of religion with sovereignty in one way oranother. Such titles are recognized by human approaches beingconsidered as common legal sources and essentials in governingsocieties. When two affairs of primary precepts interfere, what is moreimportant is given priority. In interference of social necessities withprimary precepts, Islam has given priority to the former and havingtaken common essentials into consideration has treated secondaryprecepts as the foundation of sovereignty. Thus, in the Islamic juristicapproach human wills are given remarkable status in sovereignty. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Analyzing the effectiveness of government policies in the social and cultural development of rural areas with an emphasis on the five-year plans of economic, social and cultural development, case study: Astara county
Fereshteh Ebadolahian Seyedah Sediqeh Hassani Mehr Rafat Shahmari Ardjani Hossein Asghari

10.30495/sarzamin.2023.73919.2100

In Iran, the highest documents in the field of development policies of different regions and especially villages are related to 5-year economic, social and cultural development plans. In this regard, evaluating the impact of these development programs in realizing the d More

In Iran, the highest documents in the field of development policies of different regions and especially villages are related to 5-year economic, social and cultural development plans. In this regard, evaluating the impact of these development programs in realizing the development of rural areas can determine the role of government policy in the development of villages. For this purpose, the current research was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of government policies on the social and cultural development of the villages of Astara County, with an emphasis on the fourth, fifth and sixthdevelopment plans. The research method in the present research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and experts on rural issues in Gilan province and Astara county, and using Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 70 people have been determined as the sample size. Also, in line with data analysis were used one-sample t-tests and two-sample t-tests in SPSS software. The findings of the research show that during the fourth and fifth plans, the rural literacy rate increased from 1.74 to 14.72 percent, the number of villages with health and treatment centers per 10,000 rural population increased from -1.05 to 6.86. Secondary schools have increased from 2 to 4 and the number of villages with libraries has also increased from -2 to 2 percent. Also, at the end of the 6th plan, we see slight changes in the investigated indicators compared to the 5th plan. In general, the effectiveness of the investigated development programs, especially the fifth program, can be evaluated positively in the socio-cultural development of the villages of Astara. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Investigating the feasibility of integrated management of government organizations with a foresight approach case study: Greater Tehran
seyed pouya mirmasoudi youset ali ziari hamidreza jodaki

10.30495/sarzamin.2023.21792

Today, cities, especially megacities, are facing various problems that the traditional urban management has lost its efficiency. To solve the problems, achieving sustainable urban development requires an integrated urban management. The multiplicity of management and in More

Today, cities, especially megacities, are facing various problems that the traditional urban management has lost its efficiency. To solve the problems, achieving sustainable urban development requires an integrated urban management. The multiplicity of management and incoherence of the government organizations in charge of city affairs is one of the most important challenges of the management of the metropolis of Tehran. The aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of integrated management. The government organizations of Tehran metropolis, the approach is prospective, applied-developmental research, and its method is descriptive and analytical. Data collection is using library and field studies, and the statistical community consists of a group of urban managers and experts in urban studies in Tehran. The matrix based on statistical indicators with two rotations of data has 100% desirability and optimization, which indicates the high validity of the questionnaire and its answers, and what can be understood from the page coverage of the effective factors of the integrated management of government organizations in the metropolis of Tehran, the instability of the system Is. The results of the research show that the effective indicators of the integrated management of government organizations and the future performance of the city of Tehran are, respectively: the center of extra-organizational leadership, coordination and interaction between organizations, the participation of organizations and citizens, efficiency and effectiveness, and transparency and accountability. The governmental organizations of future-proofing in the metropolis of Tehran are: economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, respectively Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - Livelihood Landscape Changes with Emphasizing on Propagation of Commercial Cultivation Case study: Havigh District of Talesh Sharestan, Iran
منصور Badrifar محمد Mina-Abad

Havigh district mounted temperate and semi _ humid climate in south coast of Caspiansea, small part of this district is plain and the rest is moon teahouse the majoreconomic activity in this district is agriculture. Having district after victorious Islamicrevolution exp More

Havigh district mounted temperate and semi _ humid climate in south coast of Caspiansea, small part of this district is plain and the rest is moon teahouse the majoreconomic activity in this district is agriculture. Having district after victorious Islamicrevolution experienced lots of change which commercial farming (kiwi cropping) hadan important effect in this change. Although this changes brought more welfare topeople, but from environmental point of view it caused some problem. In addition toKiwis fruit production and appropriate natural environment, factors like marketsespecially foreign market, politics and government decision could highly considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Study and pathology of inconvenience of the Islamic city council and municipality’s relations: the case study of the Islamic city council and municipality of Tehran
دکتر سید رضا صالحی امیری سپیده محمد

This research is about the study and pathology of the Islamic city council and municipality’s relations. The purpose is recognition of current inconveniences of The Islamic city council and municipality’s relations and causal studying and analyzing of these More

This research is about the study and pathology of the Islamic city council and municipality’s relations. The purpose is recognition of current inconveniences of The Islamic city council and municipality’s relations and causal studying and analyzing of these inconveniences. At the end, managerial strategies for decreasing of these inconvenience for the purpose of promotion of proficiency level of councils and municipality is presented. The main approach of this research is realization of the idea of united management of city and authority restriction of state Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - The Study of Structural and cultural appropriateness of Shiraz Municipality for the implementation of the tasks assigned to municipal governments
غلامرضا کاظمیان کرم اله دانش فرد داریوش ستایشگر

Introduction and purpose: The establishing integrated management city's subject is emphasized in third and fourth economic, social and cultural development program of Islamic Republic of Iran by outsourcing some governmental incumbencies. But this subject has not done y More

Introduction and purpose: The establishing integrated management city's subject is emphasized in third and fourth economic, social and cultural development program of Islamic Republic of Iran by outsourcing some governmental incumbencies. But this subject has not done yet. The purpose of this thesis is to study the effective factor on organizational preparation of Shiraz Municipality for acceptance of some governmental incumbencies. For accomplishing this, first, the incumbencies categorized to four groups as "urbanism and housing processes", "environment and hygiene processes", "social, arts and cultural process", and "water, electricity, gas and telecommunication processes". Methods: A valid and reliable questionnaire made for gathering information and measuring evaluator variables. Then, completing questionnaires asked from all managers and supervisors of Shiraz Municipality. Results: The resulted hypothesis of the thesis shows that there is a significant relationship (with a =0.01) between "organization chart, managers preparation and cultural organization" and "organizational preparation of Shiraz Municipality for acceptance of some governmental incumbencies". It also shows that Shiraz Municipality has maximum preparation for doing urban and housing processes and minimum preparation for doing water, electricity, gas and communication processes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Comparative study of Urban Management and Normative Autonomy of Local Governments (Case study: Hungry, Austria, Turkey, German, Iran)
Hassan Esmailzadeh Vali allah Cheraghi Arman Moslemi

Introduction and Objective: the investigation of civil management and normative autonomy in the world is an effort to introduce the patterns, structure and duties of local entities and different countries in the framework of constitution and political regime in these co More

Introduction and Objective: the investigation of civil management and normative autonomy in the world is an effort to introduce the patterns, structure and duties of local entities and different countries in the framework of constitution and political regime in these countries. This can be treated as a gate to modeling the global experiences. In this research, as well as the presentation of political classification of countries, five countries and the governing structures of administration and the position of civil management in these countries are addresses. Method: documentary studies have been used in development of this research. In fact, the instances of documentary investigation of this research are the subjects, duty division and structure differentiation, and rule and responsibility definition in various levels of sample countries, as well as analysis of basic laws and provisions. Findings: In all countries studied, relatively local affairs and urban management in the form of a specific and relatively independent, and the role of local and national affairs are separated. So that the central government has fully recognized In the definition of local government administration in the country, municipalities are considered the foundation of the system and the local administration have relative independence But this independence is so far not in violation of the constitutions and laws of the country. Conclusion: investigating the status of creation and establishment of local entities for administrating cities from the legal and legal foundations show that in the constitution of most of the countries there are certain chapters or articles which address the status of local entities. The common aspects of exploring the constitution of studied countries on local entities are macro fundamentals of the method of creation and administrative structure of these countries, as well as the necessity of governing their creation in the form of predefined ratings.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Affecting factors on Delivering Sustainable Income Resources of Local Governments (Case of Study: Firoozkooh Municipality)
محمد ذاکری حسین شجاع حرمت اصغری

Introduction and purpose: Today urban management needs a sustainable income system to be able to implement its duties. Effective urban administration and providing suitable services to citizens and performing construction projects all need sustainable income. This resea More

Introduction and purpose: Today urban management needs a sustainable income system to be able to implement its duties. Effective urban administration and providing suitable services to citizens and performing construction projects all need sustainable income. This research aimed at studying affecting factors on delivering sustainable income resources by local government and municipalities in small towns. Method: To do this research, financial documents of Firoozkooh municipality in the period of 2001-2011 have been collected and some interviews with members of local parliament and urban managers has been done and analyzed. Results: The results showed that income resources of Firoozkooh municipality mostly was based on unsustainable income  of construction  taxes(between 20to 40%) which were affected by public policies made by government in the field of house building development and its market  and local parliament has affected this resources with changing the taxes. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Firrozkooh municipality hasn't been successful in sustaining income resources and can make and implement some policies to deliver more sustainable resources such as investment attraction, tourism development and other relating services with collaboration of local parliament. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - The Role of establishing e-government on efficiency of Insurance Companies (Case Study, Iran Insurance Company)
نسترن Sadegh سید عبدالله Sajadi سید وحید Agili

Purpose and aim: In this article, the role of deploying electronic government in efficiency of insurance company is reviewed. The most important issue which is tracking is that whether or not the electronic government deployment has the role on insurance company; Is the More

Purpose and aim: In this article, the role of deploying electronic government in efficiency of insurance company is reviewed. The most important issue which is tracking is that whether or not the electronic government deployment has the role on insurance company; Is the electronic government deployment has a role in customer satisfaction, quick and accurate transforming information and reduction of cost in insurance company. The method of the research:For this research, one main assumption and three secondary assumption, using Field Method and survey techniques is being investigated. In this article,with using the components of strategic stakeholders in Organization efficiency model, proper indicator for evaluating the deployment of electronic organization in efficiency of insurance company is defined and depend of that two questioner is provided. The questioner is filled by managers and operational employees of Iran insurance company and their customers. Results: from customers overview, applying electronic government result in improvement of satisfaction level of customers. Furthermore, managers and employees of insurance company believe that electronic organization has a role in quick and accurate transforming information and reduction of insurance company cost. Conclusion: electronic government deployment results in improving traditional approach of transforming information, increasing the speed of service delivery, improving after sale services with low cost, improving insurance services informing, defining new services, increasing reliability level in reviewing requests and services presenting, facility in insurance services purchase,facility in communicating with customers and therefore increasing in market stock, increase in pure income of the insurance company, reduction of distribution cost and sales and marketing and other operational cost. Also, convenient inter organization communication, facility in earn and pay money in higher accuracy and speed, quick accessibility in statistics and precise reports. Finally, in this competitive environment and with increasing in insurance company, using and developing electronic organization services for insurance company is undeniable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Testing Citizens’ Electronic Readiness in Establishing E-Government, E-Municipality, and E-Banking
مهرزاد سرفرازی

The present research’s aim is examining and testing citizens’ electronic readiness in accord with utilizing IT and making use of e-governmental services, e-banking, and e-municipality in the citizens domiciled in Larestan, Grash, Evaz, Khonj, and Beiram. Sta More

The present research’s aim is examining and testing citizens’ electronic readiness in accord with utilizing IT and making use of e-governmental services, e-banking, and e-municipality in the citizens domiciled in Larestan, Grash, Evaz, Khonj, and Beiram. Statistical community of this research includes the citizens older than 17 that contain 8500 people. This research has been chosen based on the formula of the sample bulk haphazardly by making use of the cluster –sampling method. The research questioner includes 30 questions that have been written based on the research questions by the researcher. For narrative testing the questioner has made use of the narrative concerning its content and for accounting validity indices all the measurements in this research have been done by  Kronbakh Alpha method. Analyzing the data in the present research has been conducted in both descriptive and deductive layers of statistics. The data in this research questions indicate that if the government provide the citizens with necessary foundations for rendering the services in IT and internet, the citizens are ready to accept and utilize electronic services presented by the banks, municipalities, and governmental organizations via internet.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - The Strategic Role of eـ Government in Access to An eـ City Perspective
مهرزاد سرفرازی

One of the most important things in overextended technological society which it is accompanied with technological revolution and informative variable world is e_Government.In fact,a kind of government in which Internet web because of getting service and information to p More

One of the most important things in overextended technological society which it is accompanied with technological revolution and informative variable world is e_Government.In fact,a kind of government in which Internet web because of getting service and information to people and other governmental organizations is NOT deniable,Therefore,it makes capable all citizens,financial institutes,other governmental organizations and employees to access to Information and services via a locally&timely unlimitedInternet website. The principles of eـ Government is relation ship between government and citizaens, financial expertises, governmental organizations and employees. However, achievement to eــGovernment in Iran demands e-Citizens’ cooperation who play a significant role in this goal. This research studies e_Government and then attepts to its effect on e ـ city and eـ Citizen Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Influence of modern information technology on the government academic libraries of Tehran
Mohammad Hasanzadeh Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam Samaneh Mahdian Rauf

Purpose: Today, information technologies are widely been used in the academic libraries. Sound understanding of influence of these technologies and various sections may provide much more appropriate policy making. The aim of this study is to recognize the level of moder More

Purpose: Today, information technologies are widely been used in the academic libraries. Sound understanding of influence of these technologies and various sections may provide much more appropriate policy making. The aim of this study is to recognize the level of modern technologies influence on various sections of government academic libraries of Tehran from the librarians’ viewpoints. Methodology: The research is survey and the statistical population consist the librarians and managers working on various central government academic libraries throughout Tehran city. For gathering the information needed for the  research a combination of documentary and field studies were benefited. The questionnaire consisted 56 questions and the data was analyzed though descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The finding indicated that modern information technologies use can help influence positively on different sections such as: acquisition, organization of materials, service organization library relations, inter-library cooperation and relations with clienteles. Results: The results showed that in various sections of central government academic libraries of Tehran, modern information technologies had significant difference. Also, comparison of mean rates of scores indicated that most influence was on organization of resources and the least influence was organizational library relations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - The Consideration of Environment from Look of the Government Oriented, Without Government and Participatory Perspectives
seyedbehzad lesani ali mashhadi seyedahmad habibnezhad mohammad habibimajandeh

10.30495/jest.2021.37296.4356

The aim of this research is the considerate attitude three main approaches including government oriented , no government approach or minimal government involvement and participatory approach .This research is analytic descriptive and author investigate by library method More

The aim of this research is the considerate attitude three main approaches including government oriented , no government approach or minimal government involvement and participatory approach .This research is analytic descriptive and author investigate by library method and arrangement index card and reference to various books and papers .The findings indicate that in government oriented approach including the views of Socialists and Marxists , Fascist and Nazi governments, welfare and green states, The state's role in protecting the environment is emphasized. The non-governmental or minimal intervention approaches also include the views of liberals, postmodernists, and Anarchists and environmentalists emphasize the limited and minimal role or lack of involvement of governments in the field of the environment and collaborative approach, that is the most appropriate and logical approach emphasizes the role of NGOs and the role of local organizations as public sector supplementing organizations on the environmental issues of countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Assessment of Good governance Indicators in the Water Sector
seyednaseraldin badisar seyed mohammad sadegh ahmadi atefehsadat modabernejhad

10.22034/jest.2020.30675.3908

The government has a number of commitments to water that it has not yet been able to meet, and so far no research has been conducted on the critique and evaluation of good governance indicators in the water sector so that the government achieves sustainable governance o More

The government has a number of commitments to water that it has not yet been able to meet, and so far no research has been conducted on the critique and evaluation of good governance indicators in the water sector so that the government achieves sustainable governance of water resources. Therefore, this purpose and necessity led to the writing of this research. This research is a descriptive-analytical method. In this research, governance indicators based on international documents and relevant laws are studied and analyzed and adapted to the current situation of water governance in Iran. In the field of good governance, based on the indicators provided by the Asia-Pacific Economic and Social Commission, the current state of water governance in Iran was adjusted and examined. It is generally believed that water problems today and tomorrow in the country are more the result of unfavorable governance than absolutely water shortage. Good governance in the water sector never comes to an end; as a process, it depends on the repetition of activities that deepen trust. Good governance in the country's water sector through changes in the policy-making and decision-making structure of the country, ie through systemic management with respect to the establishment of a powerful organization As the custodian of the country's development, standardizing the ways of doing things, demarcating the boundaries of powers and decisions, regulating and systematizing behaviors, legalizing government officials and employees, immediate reflection of violations, transparency in work, meritocracy, elitism and use of expert and academic capacities. It is possible to evaluate the performance and accountability of the country's economy to a competitive private sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Investigating the Fundamental Principle of Deterrence in International Environmental Law
Mohamad Zaker Ardakani Alireza Arashpour

10.30495/jest.2019.45943.4756

International Environmental Law, which is a Branch of public International Law, is Primarily Based on Preventive and Precautionary Measures, and its Ultimate Goal is to protect the Global Environment from Pollution and Damage to Human Health. The Principle of Deterrence More

International Environmental Law, which is a Branch of public International Law, is Primarily Based on Preventive and Precautionary Measures, and its Ultimate Goal is to protect the Global Environment from Pollution and Damage to Human Health. The Principle of Deterrence is a Fundamental and Universal Rule in Development-Oriented and Sustainable Policies Related to the Exploitation of Natural Resources and Ecological Aspects of Countries, Which on the one Hand Focuses on Pollution Prevention and Precautionary Measures in the Face of the Environment and Natural Resources. On the Other Hand, it includes Systematic Protection Measures and the Cooperation of Countries and Other Persons under International Law with Regard to Environmental Activities and the Exploitation of Natural Resources, Under National Sovereignty and Jurisdiction. Therefore, Violation of the Principle of Deterrence, Due to the Limited Environmental Resources and the Long Process of its Replacement, Leads to Improper Use of Natural Resources and Causes Numerous Damages to Environmental Components, Including Water, Air, Soil, Plants, Wildlife, etc. Which are Sometimes Irreparable and Ultimately Threaten Human Life and Health, Although Repairing the Damage and Compensation Requires Exorbitant Costs and Long Periods of Time, Sometimes Intergenerational Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - The views of local and governmental forest stakeholders on agriculture and livestock in the Almaneh forests in Sarv Abad city
Soroush Zabihollahi javad mirzaei farzad eskandari manuchehr namiranian arezo soltani

10.22034/jest.2021.49101.4901

Background and Objectives: Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest are considered as the most important factors in the destruction of Zagros forests and in this regard, local and governmental stakeholders have different More

Background and Objectives: Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest are considered as the most important factors in the destruction of Zagros forests and in this regard, local and governmental stakeholders have different and contradictory views together. The purpose of this study was to gain a perspective of stakeholders regarding agricultural and livestock activities in Almaneh allotment forests in Sarvabad city. In the Almaneh`s forest village, agricultural activities whether farming or horticultural are carried out either inside the forest (in the form of understory farming, or deforestation and conversion to agriculture and orchard) or at the edge of the forest which in any case affects the forest. In this village livestock also has a direct impact on the forest and it can always be described as an integral part of the forest.Material and Methodology: The statistical society of this study includes the people of Almaneh village and some experts of the Natural Resources and Agricultural offices of Kurdistan province. The main instrument of the study is a questionnaire and In total, 115 local and state stakeholders views using a Likert scale on Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest were investigated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis using SPSS software.Findings: According to the results, local stakeholders are not aware of their activities in deforestation and agricultural experts agree with them. But natural resources experts have opposite view. In other words, local and state practitioners have a different perspective on many aspects of the activity and the conflict between local practitioners and government experts, especially natural resource experts, is clearly visible.Discussion and Conclusion: So, from a stakeholders perspective, a common item is selected as the selected stakeholders item in all three activities, which shows that these activities are due to economic problems and the lack of local people's income.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Analyzing the Legal System of Environmental Pollution in the Light of the Baseline Analysis of the Principles and Concepts of Air and Space Law
Mahtab Ajdari Moghaddam Davuod Hermidas Bavand Daryoush Karimi

10.30495/jest.2023.51432.5024

International environmental law examines and systematizes the manifestation of space, recognizing its status and formulating the evolving legal system, human and state contributions to the atmosphere, the fate of the earth and the sky, and the damage to the layers of th More

International environmental law examines and systematizes the manifestation of space, recognizing its status and formulating the evolving legal system, human and state contributions to the atmosphere, the fate of the earth and the sky, and the damage to the layers of the sky. This study is a descriptive and theoretical study of the status analysis of the legal system of environmental and air pollution, the principles governing outer space activities in exploration, exploration and exploitation, as well as nuclear and nuclear weapons activities. And military and mass destruction in the face of the peaceful use of space and the prevention of harmful activities and the abandonment of space debris and the approaches and actions of advanced and developed governments and developing states and the study of the factors of convergence and divergence and justice between Generation and Trans generational in Responsibility and Responsibility for Trans boundary Injuries and Responsibilities State International on Damages, In particular the Common But Different Responsibilities of Governments, the Common Interest of Humanity and the Common Inheritance and the Concern of Humanity. Investigations indicate that, with a set of structural and environmental measures regarding astronauts, spacecraft and rockets and spacecraft, referring to their components and objects and objects thrown into space, as well as recording these in exploration and exploitation, Satellite recording and communications and remote sensing, in keeping with the principle of freedom over territory and space at various levels, are examining the challenges ahead of the assumption that the current legal system has been able to fill all the gaps in pollution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Investigating the Determining Determinants in the Feasibility of Establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Iranian Government Organizations (Case study of government offices in Kerman province)
esmaeil kahoori pour Aflatun Amiri saeed sayadi zahra shokuh sanjar salajeghe

10.30495/jest.2021.51691.5036

Background and Objectives: Feasibility studies are a tool that can increase the clarity of the conditions for planners. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective and determinant factors in the feasibility of establishment of occupational health and safety m More

Background and Objectives: Feasibility studies are a tool that can increase the clarity of the conditions for planners. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective and determinant factors in the feasibility of establishment of occupational health and safety management system in Iranian governmental organizations.Method: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of applied development research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group consisted of 30 experts and the second group consisted of all employees of governmental organizations in Kerman province with 77528 persons that the sample size in this area was determined using Cochran formula of 384 individuals. This research was conducted in 1398.The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire on the feasibility of establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System whose validity has been confirmed by experts and its reliability has been confirmed in order to Cronbach's alpha value for feasibility variable for occupational health and safety management system deployment is 0.986. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Smart Pls.Findings: The findings of the study indicate that intra-organizational and intra-organizational contextual factors and their components have a favorable status and their impact on the feasibility of establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System is positive and significant. Technological and temporal factors had the highest ratings with external ratings of 4.24 and 4.17, respectively, and leadership and information style factors with the average ratings of 4.38 and 4.31, respectively, they were the highest among the factors within the organization.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the factors considered in the present study and considering the strengths and weaknesses of these factors can greatly clarify the path towards the establishment of occupational health and safety management system in Iranian governmental organizations.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Designing and Explaining the Feasibility Study of Establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Iranian Government Organizations (Case Study: Government Offices in Kerman Province)
esmaeil kahoori pour Aflatun Amiri saeed sayadi

10.30495/jest.2022.61021.5397

Background and Objective: The category of occupational health and safety management, which is one of the most necessary and legal requirements of the workplace, includes a wide range of issues, standards, programs, instructions and sometimes strategic assignments, which More

Background and Objective: The category of occupational health and safety management, which is one of the most necessary and legal requirements of the workplace, includes a wide range of issues, standards, programs, instructions and sometimes strategic assignments, which can only be implemented through the systematic application of methods. Appropriate management will be possible. The purpose of this study is to design a feasibility model for the establishment of occupational safety and health management system in Iranian government organizations.Material and Methodology: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of applied developmental research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group is 40 experts and the second group is all employees of government organizations in Kerman province with a volume of 77528 people. The sample size in this field was determined to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The research instrument is two questionnaires: effective and determining factors in designing the model of occupational safety and health management system and predisposing factors in feasibility of establishing occupational safety and health management system, the validity and reliability of which by Kahouripour et al. In government organizations Iran has been evaluated and approved, so that the value of Cronbach's alpha for the variable of occupational safety and health management system is equal to 0.992 and for the variable of feasibility of the establishment of occupational safety and health management system is equal to 0.986. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart Pls software.Findings: Based on the research findings, the designed model regarding the feasibility of establishing an occupational safety and health management system in Iranian government organizations has been approved. Their components have a positive and significant effect on the feasibility of establishing an occupational safety and health management system.Disscotion & Conclusion: Considering the comprehensiveness of the research, the results of this research can be considered as a tool for empowering managers in the field of up-to-date knowledge of occupational safety and health management system and feasibility of its establishment in government organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

139 - Understanding the Effectiveness of NGOs in the Environmental Sustainable Development of the Central Province in Iran by Survey Research
roya hasanzadeh Mohammad Hossien Asadi Davood Abadi Ali Roshanaie

10.30495/jest.2022.64740.5581

Introduction and objective: Given the shift in biological challenges model in the central province in Iran during the last three decades and the priority of environmental crisis management, utilizing NGOs potential as a non-expensive and universal approach has become a More

Introduction and objective: Given the shift in biological challenges model in the central province in Iran during the last three decades and the priority of environmental crisis management, utilizing NGOs potential as a non-expensive and universal approach has become a necessity. The present research, based on this fact, aimed at semantical reconstruction of the effectiveness of NGOs in environmental sustainable development of the central province in Iran and its results by survey research. Material and Methodology: Statistical population includes all active environmental NGOs in the central province with 30 of which semi-structured interviews were carried out. Systematic Struss and Corbin method was used to analyze data. Findings: From data coding, 114 primary codes, 28 subcategories and 11 major categories were extracted and provided in a survey-paradigm model including causal, intervening, background conditions, approaches and results. Causal conditions including structural factors and agency factors; background conditions including unpleasant lived experiences in NGOs and environmental protection network; and, intervening conditions including knowledge and technological management, training and experience exchange were classified. Activists in environmental NGOs try to influence environmental sustainable development through organizational strategies and interactions with the government. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that organizational strategies in the form of innovation, encouraging green economy activities and symbolic activities and strategies for interaction with government including desecuritizing the activities of NGOs, intervening in decision-making governmental institutions, seeking support from governmental and public institutions help environmental NGOs in achieving their objectives in environmental sustainable development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

140 - Assessing the government’s role in environmental problems of Iran (An environmental economic approach)
Niloofar Moradhassel Amir Hossein Mozayani

Due to the remarkable achievements in economic development over the past few decades,environmental degradation has been inevitable. To meet this problem, the first step is to identify themain sources of pollution which are discussed in this study with an emphasis on the More

Due to the remarkable achievements in economic development over the past few decades,environmental degradation has been inevitable. To meet this problem, the first step is to identify themain sources of pollution which are discussed in this study with an emphasis on the role of thegovernment. State activities like those of the private sector can be one of the main sources ofpollution, especially in developing and less developed countries in which the governments play themain role in economic activities. The issue requires attention because the government not only has a great role in environmental degradation but also has the responsibility of environmental conservation.  The present study aims at analyzing the role of the government in environmental degradation of Iranbecause the government’s huge share in the economic activities has caused serious environmentalproblems besides the undesirable economic consequences. The results of the study indicate the government’s great share in pollution. The researchers havestudied the economic activities in industry, agriculture, trade, transportation, etc. using a descriptiveapproach and also the causal relationship between pollution emission and capital formation in publicand private sectors through econometric techniques. Finally, it has been discussed that at the presenttime, the re-engineering of the economic structure and the government’s role is a pre-requisite for theeffectiveness of environmental policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - Study of the structure and function of Non-governmental Environmental organizations and their roles in urban development process of Tehran province
Akramolmolouk Lahijanian Reza Arjmandi Naser Moharramnejad Mojtaba Jamshidi Deljoo

Non-governmental Environmental organizations are the centers that can conduct people participating in environment preservation and concentrating group and individual efforts to increase its productivity. Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province in More

Non-governmental Environmental organizations are the centers that can conduct people participating in environment preservation and concentrating group and individual efforts to increase its productivity. Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province in recent years have had a little considerable growth, but qualitative growth of this organization couldn’t have a high curve like quantitative growth and as a result causes of these affairs should be studied. In order to increase the amount of participation of non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province of urban development process, recognition of effective factors on the growth and development of these organizations through a scientific research which is considered a Study, laid the foundations of the goal of execution of this research. Studied Samples in this research were 80 managers and 185 members of Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province 265 persons in total. Summing up points of views of these managers and members of organizations concluded that these organizations are effective in urban development process. But this impressiveness is limited and not very considerable and impressiveness of activities is not conformed to real goals of these organizations.                                                       Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

142 - Evaluation and comparison of procedural and substantive indexes for sustainable development in Districts 7 and 22 of Tehran
Mahsa Hajimahmoudi Naser Barakpour POOYAN SHAHABIAN

10.22034/jest.2018.13779

Abstract Background and Objective: Population increases day to day and causes some difficulties which are more noticeable, especially in urban areas such as Tehran as one of the most populated cities in the world. Nowadays, these difficulties highlights the role of sust More

Abstract Background and Objective: Population increases day to day and causes some difficulties which are more noticeable, especially in urban areas such as Tehran as one of the most populated cities in the world. Nowadays, these difficulties highlights the role of sustainable development. Needless to say, inequality in urban life is sign of failure in fulfilling of sustainability development. Based on multidimensional features of sustainable development paradigms and existence of different attitudes, it is difficult to have a perfect and multidimensional consensus in this field. Different attitudes and evaluation of sustainability methods signify the substantive dimensional issues such as environmental, social and economic features. In many societies, despite the resources, high-quality environment and high rate of social and economic features, failure in reaching sustainable development goals can be observed. Thus, it seems that investigation of of dimensions and indexes of sustainability and holistic attitude in this field can provide a new attitude towards societies. Attaining sustainability in this field needs a holistic cognition of the existing condition of the society for planning and giving strategies to reach advance rate of sustainable development in society. The aim of this study is to investigate the sustainability of urban life in Districts 7 and 22 of Tehran municipality with different attitudes by considering dimensions of sustainability in terms of substantive and procedural criteria. Substantive criterion includes environmental, social and economic indexes and these features not only exist in deep layers of society but also can change according to other conditions and are affected by sustainable development policy. Another criterion which is normally ignored in the evaluation of sustainable development, is procedural index which is formed by the indexes acting independently as a political process in society. Method: In this regard, library and ocumentary studies, field observation, questionnaire and interviews were employed. The collected were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical method. Findings: The results show that District 22 is better in terms of both procedural and substantive indexes compared to District 7. Conclusion: Analyses show that District 22 not only receive high amount of investment in sustainable development by the local government (district municipality) but also supports some capacities which exist in the region. In addition to heightening the quality of management and local government, this district creates new capacities and helps in increasing the level of society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

143 - Direct and Indirect Effects of Government Expenditures on Pollution Based on Simultaneous Equations System Approach
Majid Maddah Fatemeh Raoufi

10.22034/jest.2017.10719

Background and Objective: Some market activities have negative consequences such as pollution and destruction of environment.  The market, despite its outputs, cannot product optimum quantity of goods and services and in other words it fails. In order to prevent ma More

Background and Objective: Some market activities have negative consequences such as pollution and destruction of environment.  The market, despite its outputs, cannot product optimum quantity of goods and services and in other words it fails. In order to prevent market failure, government must intervene in the market activities through the policies of environmental protection and suitable regulation in order to reduce pollution and establish optimal conditions for production and consumption. Method: In order to investigate the effect of government expenditures on pollution, first a simultaneous equations system during 1975-2011 was specified, and after estimation of equations using two-stage least squares and three-stage least squares methods, the relationship between the direct and indirect effects of government expenditures and pollution on economy of Iran was studied. Findings: The results from estimation of equations systems specified in static and dynamic approaches devide direct and indirect effects at show that i) the size of government only has the direct effect on per capita pollution ii) there is a significant and positive relationship between the government size and per capita emissions with elasticity coefficient of 0.08 in static approach and there is a significant and negative relationship between the government size and per capita emmisions with elasticity coefficient of -0.163 in dynamic approach. Therefore, increase of the government expenditure has a negative effect on pollution and decreases it in a period of time. In addition to government size, economic openness and consumption have a significant and positive effects and total investment and population have a significant and negative effects on the per capita pollution in economy of Iran. Conclusion: The findings of this research can help in using appropriate policies such as improving public educations, proper execution of laws and regulations, strict enforcement of environmental laws and amplification of public infrastructure with the aim of environmental protection and pollution prevention.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

144 - The Analysis of Institution Model of the Fiftieth Principle of constitutional law under the Protection of Environmental Supporter Governmental and Nongovernmental Organizations
Seyed Behzad Lesani Azam Edalatju

10.22034/jest.2017.11079

The aim of this research is the consideration of the fiftieth principle of constitutional law and the operation quality of governmental and nongovernmental organizations in the guarantee of the intentions of constitutional legislator. This research is analytic descript More

The aim of this research is the consideration of the fiftieth principle of constitutional law and the operation quality of governmental and nongovernmental organizations in the guarantee of the intentions of constitutional legislator. This research is analytic descriptive and author investigate by library method and arrangement index card and reference to the environmental laws. The findings indicate that the regardless of the useful activities done by competent organizations in environmental issues، the intention of constitutional law in the fiftieth principle does not ascertained yet and the main reason of this case is the motiveless and the lack of knowledge of the officials، mixture the duties of the public organizations and impossibility interference in the activities of the public organizations by NGO،s. We can emancipation our environment from the various threats and guarantee the right to environment by the ratification of environmental laws that is proportional with the day circumstances، the increase the level of the information of citizens، apply of the specialized and motive staff in public organizations and the strengthening and support the NGO،s.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

145 - Identifying Risks of Outsourcing Information Technology Contracts in Government Organizations (Case Study: Level one Organozation In Tehran)
Seyed Mahmoud آشت َنذشقه

AbstractRisk management is essential to get success in IT projects. The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize risks that threaten the feasibility of information those projects, outsourced by Iranian government agencies successfully. The target popu More

AbstractRisk management is essential to get success in IT projects. The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize risks that threaten the feasibility of information those projects, outsourced by Iranian government agencies successfully. The target population of this study is one-level organizations in Tehran. At the first stage by reviewing relevant literature and reviewing related research provided a list of 76 factors that could potentially hamper the success of information technology projects. Then, according to the opinion of 12 expert executives, 22 agents who are more important in government IT outsourcing projects had been selected.The questionnaires were sent to 51 IT experts and managers of the target organizations and their contracting companies. Research findings showed that employer-related and environmental hazards are the most important. Also, 11 factors identified as potentially serious risks for successful outsourcing of IT projects were identified and ranked according to their impact and importance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

146 - The role of government in financing and developing investment in small and medium-sized businesses
Mostafa Partoafkanan parvaneh GELARD Abdullah Naami

AbstractSME's are one of the most prominent symbols of entrepreneurship in countries. Given the constructive role of this sector in the development of the economy of any country, the focus is on the success and failure of small and medium-sized businesses for government More

AbstractSME's are one of the most prominent symbols of entrepreneurship in countries. Given the constructive role of this sector in the development of the economy of any country, the focus is on the success and failure of small and medium-sized businesses for governments. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine the role of government financial support to small and medium-sized businesses. SME's companies face many difficulties in financing because of their nature and characteristics compared to large companies. This study reviews the role of government support for SME's disrupted by financial crises, and finally offers suggestions for government fiscal policies in support of this section is presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

147 - The impact of government expenditure and stock market on income distribution in selected MENA countries
behnaz noroozi Mehdi Taghavi Ebrahim Rezaee

In this study, the effect of government and stock market expenditures on income distribution has been investigated. The countries studied in this study are the selected countries of Mena (Iran, Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Jordan). 2018. The data panel method has been us More

In this study, the effect of government and stock market expenditures on income distribution has been investigated. The countries studied in this study are the selected countries of Mena (Iran, Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Jordan). 2018. The data panel method has been used to estimate the research model. The results of this study show that the logarithm of the ratio of the volume of transactions in the stock market to GDP with a coefficient of -0.02 has a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient. The volume of exchanges in the capital market increases the working capital of companies and ultimately their production. With the increase and prosperity of production, the total production increases and this issue increases the national income and as a result the government can Improve income distribution. Also, the logarithm of the ratio of consumption expenditures to GDP with a coefficient of 0.03 has a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient. Increasing government spending can have different effects on income distribution in two ways. In the direction of transfer payments to the people, so the distribution of income is improved No, they are not transferable, so the distribution of income does not improve. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

148 - Investigating the Relationship between Political Influence and Investment Efficiency of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
zahra hasanikolavani gholamreza mahfoozi kyhan azadi

From the perspective of political economy, the major shareholders and executives associated with the political power centers can influence the performance of their respective companies. Undoubtedly, a large part of the Iranian economy is under the influence of a governm More

From the perspective of political economy, the major shareholders and executives associated with the political power centers can influence the performance of their respective companies. Undoubtedly, a large part of the Iranian economy is under the influence of a government controlled by various political groups. And to a certain extent they have different political and economic ideas. This study seeks to investigate the possible relationship between managers' political influence and government's political support as political factors on the investment efficiency of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample consisted of 104 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2008-2017 that were selected by systematic elimination method. Ives software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between managers' political influence and performance evaluation, but there is no significant relationship between government political support and investment efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

149 - Investigating the effect of companies' political relations with the government and information asymmetry on short-term and long-term stock price volatility after initial public offering
razieh marvi Afsaneh tavangar hamzekolaie Farzaneh heidarpoor ali rohy

Given the importance of stock price fluctuations after the initial public offering for investors,the important factors that cause these fluctuations were examined. For this purpose, the political relations of companies with the government(using the methods of company si More

Given the importance of stock price fluctuations after the initial public offering for investors,the important factors that cause these fluctuations were examined. For this purpose, the political relations of companies with the government(using the methods of company size factors and the percentage of government ownership)and information asymmetry(using the difference in the offer and sale price range)were investigated that To examine the relationship between political communication and stock price volatility by comparing the means of two independent groups and Multivariate regression method was used to investigate the relationship of information asymmetry.Also,to examine the more accurate dimensions of this relationship, to examine the control variables of supplier reputation and credibilit(using three registered capital characteristics relative market share of initial supply and Number of managed initial public offerings)institutional ownership,earnings management, audit quality and number of shareholders.Findings show that companies'political relations with the government do not affect short-term stock price fluctuations,but these fluctuations in the long run are less for companies with political relations with the governmen (company size factors)than companies without connections. It is political Also, increasing information asymmetry increases stock price volatility after initial public offerings in the long run, but is not effective in the short run.Also, the reputation and credibility of the supplier does not affect price fluctuations, which indicates the lack of attention of investors in Iran at the time of initial public offering to the reputation and credibility of the supplier and the reputation and credibility of the supplier can not affect investors'decisions unlike research in other countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

150 - The role of good government and human resource in attracting direct foreign investment and economical growth (a selection of developing countries)
Kianosh Mansoor Lakoraj sadegh Bakhttiari sara ghobadi

Investment is one of basic necessity of economical growth for each country. Non-economicalfactors such as , the sort of government and its quality and competency of human resource areeffective in economic growth and direct foreign investment. Foreign direct investment i More

Investment is one of basic necessity of economical growth for each country. Non-economicalfactors such as , the sort of government and its quality and competency of human resource areeffective in economic growth and direct foreign investment. Foreign direct investment is one ofthe most important factors in economic growth and development in most countries in the world.The main aim of this study is the investigating role of good government and human capital inattracting the direct foreign investment and economic growth in a group of selected developingcountry with panel data and extracted data from world Bank during interval of 1990-2018,byusing the systemic generalized method of moments(GMM).The result of models estimation of the study showed that the direct foreign investment and human capital and the factor of government have positive and significant effect on economic growth in developing country. Therefore it can be said the human capital and factor of good government in attracting direct foreign investment and improving economic growth have effective roles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

151 - The Effects of Governmental Monetary Policy Changes on Investment in Islamic Countries
Reza Islami Ghodratallah Talebnia Hamid Reza Vakilifard Nemat Alah Mousavi

Investment is counted as motivate of economic growth and development and is the fundamental economic purpose in every country. Recognition of effects of monetary and financial policy on economic activities needed to cognition of these policies and there instruments. The More

Investment is counted as motivate of economic growth and development and is the fundamental economic purpose in every country. Recognition of effects of monetary and financial policy on economic activities needed to cognition of these policies and there instruments. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of changes in monetary policy of governments on investment, selected from Islamic countries using the method of econometric estimation of panel data over the period 2015-2000. The results of this study indicate that interest rates on government bonds have a negative and significant effect and banking credit has positively and significantly effect on investment in Islamic countries, while deposit interest rate has no significant effect on investment. Based on the results, economic growth and trade significantly increased investment. Therefore, according to the research results of Islamic countries, with the growth of economic growth and the volume of trade, including exports and imports, especially the import of capital goods and intermediaries, they can have a direct impact on investment. Therefore interest rate and deposit interest rate can not be suitable monetary policy instruments in Islamic countries. While banking credit can significantly affects investment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

152 - Study of the relationship between governmental and institutional ownership with corporate social responsibility (Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange)
Esfandiar Malekian Rasoul Salmani Masoumeh Shahsavari

Various entities in the business world too much attention to the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR), it has become an essential element for the success of the company.Due to the lack of CSR reporting in Iran and the lack of firms rating Institutions in the f More

Various entities in the business world too much attention to the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR), it has become an essential element for the success of the company.Due to the lack of CSR reporting in Iran and the lack of firms rating Institutions in the field of social responsibility and a general, lack of transparency in this section, we used questionnaire survey to determine the level of corporate social responsibility. CSR used in this study is composed of the following: internal processes, ecology, environment, society and the state, the market and industry.Questionnaires were sent to 138 companies and 84 companies responded to the questionnaires. The results suggest that government ownership is positively correlated significantly with social responsibility. Disclosure of corporate social responsibility focus government ownership also plays a positive role. The results indicate that institutional ownership and institutional ownership concentration have not a significant relationship with social responsibility. The empirical evidence in this study can identify the companies and institutions on legislative measures which increase the disclosure of CSR, to help. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

153 - Styles of Financial Regulation in Iran & U.K
Hossein Monavari Mohammad Rasekh

Regulation is a relatively recent method in exercising sovereignty by a government. The first step of regulation is taken when the governmentintervenes to uphold public interests and the rights of individuals in economy. Regulation is nowa recognized theory of governmen More

Regulation is a relatively recent method in exercising sovereignty by a government. The first step of regulation is taken when the governmentintervenes to uphold public interests and the rights of individuals in economy. Regulation is nowa recognized theory of government.  The importanceof financial markets in economics for securing short-term and long term financial sources forproducers and the government is such that weakness or lack of regulation in the financialmarket has been recognized as the main reason for many contemporary global economiccrises. Proper analysis of the performance and objectives of regulation in financial marketsrequires a study of governmental styles of intervention and their various means ofimplementation therein. In the present paper, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Kingdom have been selected withrespect to their completely different starting points in their approach to regulation of financialmarkets and a comparison is drawn between the legal, political and economic contexts for theformation of financial markets and their regulation, the various relevant processes that shapethe relations between government, regulators, financial market operators and the publicinterest within the regulatory framework. The study yields that the political economy and economic setting of a state forms the basis for the regulatory style applied to financial markets. The integrated regulation of the financial market and capital in the United Kingdom and the multifactorial, mandated regulation in Iran are the result of these settings. There exists a significant need for integrated management of capital and financial markets and in Iran, which should be focused on realizing proper privatization and making financial resources available. In the UK, dynamic styles and a broad spectrum of different regulators has secured privatization and a strong financial market despite rapid alterations to laws and in the face of the crises the state has faced Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - The impact of Government spending on economic growth in D-8 countries
M. Golamy G. Sameei

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Open Access Article

155 - Explaining the religious characteristic in Saadi and Tartushi's governmental thought; Case study of Golestan and Seraj Al-Moluk
Fazel Abbaszadeh Shahram Delshad

10.30495/clq.2021.683767

Various works have appeared in Persian and Arabic literature that, with a preaching approach, have consulted and guided different segments of the people and tried to strengthen morality and consolidate the civilization of society. Among these groups are sultans and king More

Various works have appeared in Persian and Arabic literature that, with a preaching approach, have consulted and guided different segments of the people and tried to strengthen morality and consolidate the civilization of society. Among these groups are sultans and kings whose authors have addressed this group and tried to explain the position of the sultan and his methods of governing, including religious, political, moral, managerial and similar principles. Attention. In "Golestan", Saadi in a special chapter investigates the character of kings and in other chapters, briefly deals with the ethics, merits and equality of this group and mentions their do's and don'ts. Tartoushi also talks about sultans in "Seraj al-Moluk" and states the moral and political principles that the property should be adorned with. This study seeks to specifically examine the role of religious character in Saadi's governmental thought and Tartushi in the three axes of the sultan's position, governmental style, and the concept of government decay. Manuscript profile

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156 - Fundamentals of legislative transparency from the Qur'an, narrations and good governance perspective
HeidarAli noroozpour Kheyrollah Parvin Vali Rostami iraj sadrabadi

10.30495/qsf.2022.695173

Transparency, which means the openness and availability of information for survey and monitoring, is a central issue in governance, decision making and rule making. From the point of view of Islamic political thought, religious democracy is not based on the raw and unco More

Transparency, which means the openness and availability of information for survey and monitoring, is a central issue in governance, decision making and rule making. From the point of view of Islamic political thought, religious democracy is not based on the raw and unconscious opinions of the people, but its essence is formed by the awareness of the people; And the duty of the Islamic ruler as the trustee of the people is to discuss the issues of the society in a transparent and honest way with the people. Transparency is a very important issue in democracies, to the extent that free access to information and its publicity is the first condition for combating corruption and holding officials accountable. In this study, we seek to understand the approach of Islam to the category of transparency; And we came to the conclusion that the transparency of the Islamic government is one of the categories considered in religious Doctrines; In a way that the tradition and manners of the infallibles have been confirmed and its multiple bases and function has been emphasized everywhere in Islam. Also, the transparency index is a requirement of governance and legislation for society management in both views of good governance theory components and Qur'an and hadiths emphasis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - A Study on the Islamic Society Growth Process by Emphasizing Al Hujurat Surah
Mohammad Abdolhossein Zadeh Seyyed Yousef Kamalian Mahdi Abdolhamid

Islamic society's growth process happens through trials and sufferings. Moslems should be aware of their positions, their duties and responsibilities in the sufferings in order to keep the Islamic government and grow (themselves) as well.  Al Hujurat Surah also exp More

Islamic society's growth process happens through trials and sufferings. Moslems should be aware of their positions, their duties and responsibilities in the sufferings in order to keep the Islamic government and grow (themselves) as well.  Al Hujurat Surah also expresses an event which had happened in Prophet Mohammad's era. It states that if believers obey God's orders correctly, the Islamic government would be stronger and Moslems would grow as well. The present research describes the growth process through different trials and sufferings by enjoying Quran's Surahs strategies and based on the subjective method.  Manuscript profile

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158 - The Government's Role in Preventing Computer Imposture in Cyberspace by Focusing Holy Quran
Atefeh Hosseini Fard Nafiseh Nekoui Mehr Mohammad Javad Abdollahi

The most important issue in contesting and confronting the cybercrimes is social prevention which are known as prevention strategies of computer penalties; according to this, the success of any politic is the attempt to family, confront the cyberspace. The present resea More

The most important issue in contesting and confronting the cybercrimes is social prevention which are known as prevention strategies of computer penalties; according to this, the success of any politic is the attempt to family, confront the cyberspace. The present research surveys and studies related theories to imposture as well as prevention applications and approaches and argues the most important social strategies in the field of cyberspace and finally it has been resulted out that the government should institutionalize the culture of cyberspace application in the society by emphasizing Quran Verses to pace toward decreasing computer penalties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - The Principles of Foreign Policy in Islamic Government from Quran Point of View
Iran Asadi

The outcome of the present research is two important issues: one is the principles of foreign policy in Islamic government from Quran point of view and the other is the goals of Islamic government foreign policy from Quran point of view. In the first discussion foreign More

The outcome of the present research is two important issues: one is the principles of foreign policy in Islamic government from Quran point of view and the other is the goals of Islamic government foreign policy from Quran point of view. In the first discussion foreign policies principles such as theism, settlement of international disputes, international mutual respect and finally fulfillment of promise are emphasized and confirmed by Quranic proofs. In the second the goals of foreign policy from Quran view point are summarized in six as follows: social justice, human cheerfulness, development of values and Islam, international peace and safety, avoiding war and violation. The present article tries to study Islamic government foreign policy from Quran point of view. Manuscript profile

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160 - Studying the International Requirements Encountering Principle of Negation of Ascendency and its Effect on Government’s Survival from Quran and Imamate’s Jurisprudence Viewpoint
Seyyed Mohammad Miri Rostami Alireza Salimi Mohammad Hossein Nazemi Seyyed Alireza Hosseini

Principle of negation of ascendency in jurisprudential principles cited by many Shiite and Sunnite jurisprudences and is of a wide scope; it also has sufficient mastery in interpreting and regulating the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims. Thus it is very import More

Principle of negation of ascendency in jurisprudential principles cited by many Shiite and Sunnite jurisprudences and is of a wide scope; it also has sufficient mastery in interpreting and regulating the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims. Thus it is very important to try to explain the mentioned principle and its aspects such as international requirements, especially in trying to survive and preserve the government. The research method in the present research is descriptive – analytical and the purpose of the study is to investigate the international requirements encountering principle of negation of ascendency and its effects on the preservation and survival of the government from Quran and Imamate jurisprudence’s viewpoint. Manuscript profile

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161 - Quranic Principals of the Government and a Study of Imam Khomeini’s Views
Touraj Kouhestani Nezhad Mohammad Ali Safa Rouhollah Afzali

Iran’s Islamic revolution leaded by Imam Khomeini were based on Alavi government and the main goal was founding an Islamic government, performing the religious orders and rebirthing many Islamic commandments. Imam Khomeini was a mature and complete priest and was More

Iran’s Islamic revolution leaded by Imam Khomeini were based on Alavi government and the main goal was founding an Islamic government, performing the religious orders and rebirthing many Islamic commandments. Imam Khomeini was a mature and complete priest and was different with other priests a little which was because of his fluency in philosophy, principles and discourse; this difference was manifested by Islamic revolution.  The event which was so brilliant and clear was a kind of foreign relationship based on Islamic principles that caused attracting Islamic Moslem nations. Manuscript profile

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162 - Analysis of Sayed Qotab's Governmental and Social Thoughts in "Fi Zalal Al-Quran"
Hamid Reza Faridi Faraj Behzad Vakilabad Samad Abdullahi Abed

10.30495/qsf.2021.683434

Sayed Qotab is one of the prominent and famous figures in the interpretation of the Qur'an and one of the most capable theorists in the field of Islamic ideology. The analysis of his thoughts on government and community issues is the subject of this article. The purpose More

Sayed Qotab is one of the prominent and famous figures in the interpretation of the Qur'an and one of the most capable theorists in the field of Islamic ideology. The analysis of his thoughts on government and community issues is the subject of this article. The purpose of this study is to answer this question: What are the most important governmental and social indicators according to Sayed Qotab? In this research, with a qualitative method and analytical approach, the social thoughts of this commentator on governmental and social issues have been studied and the following results have been obtained: Sayed Qotab considers a special importance to the individual and society and considers belief as the reason for the emergence of society. The ideal society, in his view, is a religious society. He considers the existence of government and justice necessary for society and distinguishes between justice and absolute equality. Sayed Qotab was formed in the confrontation of Islamic civilization with Western civilization, the political trends of secular Islam and Islamic fundamentalism, which are the main challenges of the Islamic world. Manuscript profile

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163 - Thoughts of Supreme Leader; Roadmap for Realization of Modern Islamic Civilization
Tayyebeh Barkhordari Yasser Salari

Basically, the purpose of recognizing the thoughts of Imam Khamenei is the creation of an intellectual system in line with the ideas of the guardian of society in the formation of Islamic civilization. In the present article, which has been compiled by the library of in More

Basically, the purpose of recognizing the thoughts of Imam Khamenei is the creation of an intellectual system in line with the ideas of the guardian of society in the formation of Islamic civilization. In the present article, which has been compiled by the library of information and written in a descriptive – analytical method, the discussion of the necessity of addressing the thoughts of the Supreme leader is explained in two aspects: why attention to statements and the importance of extracting Quranic principles and their narration. The results of the research findings confirm that addressing his statements, both in terms of his unique personality traits, lifestyle and practical life can show the roadmap to achieve the great ideal of the revolution, namely the creation of a new Islamic civilization and readiness for the sunrise of the great leadership. Also, citing Quranic principles and narration of speeches, by showing their great revelatory support, will play an important role in proving the originality of thought, its permanence and influence, deepening the spiritual relationship between the Imam and the nation and expanding the audience's practical commitments. Manuscript profile

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164 - A comparative study of the principles of statecraft in the government of Al-Qarakhtiya and Al-Muzaffar(based on political and cultural affairs)
ali rahimi sadegh Jahanbakhsh Tahmasebi Iraj Jalali

The aim of the current research is a comparative study to identify the principles of statecraft in the rule based on political and cultural affairs. An analytical-historical approach was used for this research. The results of the research show the following: before th More

The aim of the current research is a comparative study to identify the principles of statecraft in the rule based on political and cultural affairs. An analytical-historical approach was used for this research. The results of the research show the following: before the formation of the local government, were considered to be part of the structure of previous governments such as the Ghaznavid dynasty, the Khwarizmshahs and the Ilkhanid state, and through their infiltration into the political structure of these governments,By imitating the political structure of the aforementioned governments, they had a political structure of the royal type based on tyranny and theoretically, their efforts to obtain the foundations of legitimacy can be considered within the framework of the Islamic monarchy and caliphate theory. Therefore, in this research, there is an attempt to identify the principles of statecraft in these two governments by relying on library documents and sources. The results of the research indicate that the two governments tried to maintain political and religious relations with the neighboring governments and the Abbasid caliphs in the political dimension and religious legitimacy of their government.From a cultural point of view, Kerman became one of the centers of science, literature and architecture after the establishment of the Karakhaites in relative security. With regard to the cultural performance of the Muzaffar family, we can mention the revival of the Iranian state, the revival of Islamic unity, and the laying of the foundations of the Shiite religion and its spread in Iran. Manuscript profile

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165 - Control of life of citizens and legal review by government agencies
هادی غلامرضاراوی محمود یوسف وند

The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others. In this article we have tried to use the Quran and the adherence of the Innocents to answer these questions. 1. The gover More

The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others. In this article we have tried to use the Quran and the adherence of the Innocents to answer these questions. 1. The government's view of how it should be? 2. Does the absolute prohibition of spying for the public and is In other words, prohibition of government intrusion, and interference in the affairs of the people, including ideas And freedom of expression, property and other matters to them? 3. The jurisdiction of the government's interference in the affairs of the people is to what extent? In response, the government must give the accused the benefit of the doubt and suspicion towards the state itself does not God forbid forbidden and therefore can not be generalized surveillance And the government to run the country and securing the right to investigate and audit matters discussed whether people thought And freedom of expression and assets and other matters is But this right is not absolute and non-interference in social work or a place that is conducive to intrigue Has the right to intervene and the ruling should be closely monitored on a permanent basis on social affairs. Manuscript profile

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166 - Civil liability arising from the implementation of the Law extermination keep users
ali noorani سید مهدی میرداداشی ابراهیم دلشاد معارف

Based on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi More

Based on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi) organization of provinces is chosen as the responsible of this important issue.Since the implementation of tin and cut illegal land use changes Mtabqtbsrh 2 Article 10 of the said law, Rasavbdvn judicial sentence carried out (by the authority of law)In most cases because the damage done by mechanical devices Inevitably brings damage. The purpose of this studyExplaining the government's civil liability Or his staffIn the lawBased on jurisprudence and legal rules whichIt looks at whereGovernment employee on purpose or gross errorThe damage caused to othersIs responsibleOtherwiseIn the case of State responsibilityAnd in most casesaccording toWarningruleThe government will have no liability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - The role of the rule of loss in proving civil responsibility of the state
mohammad daneshnahad abolfazl alishahi

The "wasting" rule is one of the basic rules of civil responsibility in the state, which in some circumstances is the guarantor of the state, and in some other cases the state is not responsible and the person concerned, whether it is a state official or other persons w More

The "wasting" rule is one of the basic rules of civil responsibility in the state, which in some circumstances is the guarantor of the state, and in some other cases the state is not responsible and the person concerned, whether it is a state official or other persons who have worked in the realization of the concept of source wasting, Guarantors. In this research, based on jurisprudential issues and considering the role of this rule in the laws, the position of the principle of loss in the civil responsibility of the state has been addressed, such as the loss of state property, the wasting of the property of the people, the loss caused by non-enforcement of law, the resulting loss The implementation of the false rules and losses caused by the commission in the government guarantee has been investigated and criticized. One of the results of the research is that if a government official misidentified the government, he will be the guarantor of compensation, and if the loss is not the same, the state will be the guarantor of the compensation; if the municipal officials, with the permission and observance of the points Safety, loss, will not be guarantor; otherwise, the guarantor will incur damages; in the implementation of false rules, if the implementers of these policies are aware of its detriment, should partly compensate for the damage, and the other part by the government, As one of the factors causing damage, Manuscript profile

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168 - The feasibility study of access to a common governance pattern among Islamic religions, with an emphasis on the role of the people
Mohamad Ahangaran Mohammad Beirouti

Islamic countries have the potential to converge in governmental jurisprudence; given the lack of divine sovereignty and the acceptance of the right to vote, explaining a common paradigm for electing a ruler seems a necessity.To elaborate on a common government model, f More

Islamic countries have the potential to converge in governmental jurisprudence; given the lack of divine sovereignty and the acceptance of the right to vote, explaining a common paradigm for electing a ruler seems a necessity.To elaborate on a common government model, first the Sunnis presented templates include (forming salinity, marriage, intercession, conversion) executed by the people's allegiance, and of the three contemporary political ideas of Shi'a jurisprudence, two models (the Velayat-e Faqih and the Electoral Theory). We have put forward the theory of appointing a governor of the jurisprudence) for the ruling party. Salinity is endorsed by Islamic religions as a common paradigm (regardless of the foundations of formation).The patterns presented in the Islamic community's exponential balance have been explored in terms of corruption and corruption. Among all the patterns of government, there are materials and purposes that can be ignored; creating salience for the ruler.The challenge with which the pattern of shared government is in clear conflict is the acceptance of "sovereignty" and "supremacy" in Islamic societies. In the "domination" model, the government in Islam is presented as chaos, and in the "domination" model, in fact, the will of the people is impassable for the ruler. Manuscript profile

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169 - Issuing a government decree in order to maintain the order of the Islamic society from the perspective fariqeyn
Zeinab Mousavi Sadat Nasrin Karimi Seyed Mohammad Shafiei Mazandarani

In any society (from the point of view of Shiite jurisprudence or Sunni jurisprudence), political thinkers try to answer political issues and problems based on the framework of political philosophy and the roots of government jurisprudence. Therefore, every government t More

In any society (from the point of view of Shiite jurisprudence or Sunni jurisprudence), political thinkers try to answer political issues and problems based on the framework of political philosophy and the roots of government jurisprudence. Therefore, every government tries to justify its legitimacy based on a specific political philosophy Slow down. The need for a government decree, the relationship between religious law and government law, the falsification and issuance of orders and laws in Islamic society based on religious principles are important issues that need to have sufficient and appropriate religious justification. Both views believe that "maintaining order" and its place should be within the framework of Shari'a, but by carefully considering the interests of Sunni jurisprudence, we find that it is doubtful to recognize them, and the expediency of suspicion never meets the purposes of Shari'a; Because it is not easy to apply those generalities to foreigners and emerging issues; However, in Shiite jurisprudence, thanks to the traditions and narrations of many infallibles, the ijtihad of the Islamic ruler, which has been legitimized by the general installation of the infallible, responds to the real needs of human beings in various fields. It is between the two.       Manuscript profile

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170 - Religious Dignity Based on the Necessity to Establish the Islamic Government in the Age of Absence
Mohammadali Moeel

The purpose of the present study is to review religious dignity based on the necessity to establish the Islamic government in the Age of Absence. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the perfect and civilized religion of Islam has prof More

The purpose of the present study is to review religious dignity based on the necessity to establish the Islamic government in the Age of Absence. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the perfect and civilized religion of Islam has profound instructions in its disciplines entitled as Fiqh in order to provide and expand individual and social dignity of Muslims and Islamic societies. In this regard, some aspects including the necessity to establish the Islamic government have not been considered from this perspective. Religious governance with its extensive thematic inclusion has a decisive influence to preserve the spiritual dignity and also maintains and improves the honor and independence of Muslims and Islamic societies. The concept of religious dignity has a potential to be considered as a new jurisprudential basis and reason to determine the necessity to set up the Islamic government in the Age of Absence. Manuscript profile

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171 - A Review of 'Allāma Tehrāni's Jurisprudential View about Using the Term "Imām" for the fallible Characters
Mehrdad Hasan Beigi Mohammad Hassan Vakili

'Allāma Tehrāni does not permit using the term Imām for the fallible characters and insists on the dignity of this usage. He believes that the term Imām in its nominal (not descriptive) application is solely used for the infallible Imāms in Shi'ite culture so using some More

'Allāma Tehrāni does not permit using the term Imām for the fallible characters and insists on the dignity of this usage. He believes that the term Imām in its nominal (not descriptive) application is solely used for the infallible Imāms in Shi'ite culture so using some titles in their non-idiomatic meaning is illegitimate in the bright religion (of Islam). The purpose of the present study is to delve deep into the jurisprudential documents of this viewpoint. The main statement of the problem in this research is to explore the documents in terms of this jurisprudential doctrine. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with reference to the substantiation of desecrating jurisprudential dignity, 'Allāma refutes to attribute this usage to some reasons that allow that. Another reason denotes some narrations which avoid using specialized terms for the fallible characters in religion. With reference to the possibility of making mistakes and fallibility of Valiy-e Faqih and based on the fact that Imāmat is exclusively for Imām Mahdi during the Age of Absence and Wilāyat-e Faqih is under the guardianship of Imām Mahdi, he believes that the term "Nā'eb al-Imām" can only be used for the Valiy-e Faqih.         Manuscript profile

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172 - Theological basis and the explanation of the realm of religion and its effect on the concept of government from the viewpoint of Martyr Mortaza Motahhari
Mohammad Torabi

Different views in the field of thought and philosophy, and then its impact on political thought and political action have always been one of the most important and most decisive categories of human life, and religion has played a special role in the Middle Ages through More

Different views in the field of thought and philosophy, and then its impact on political thought and political action have always been one of the most important and most decisive categories of human life, and religion has played a special role in the Middle Ages throughout history. "The realm of religion" is one of the most important and contemporary issues of contemporary religious studies and contemporary humanism, which is nowadays part of the philosophy of religion and new wisdom. Professor Motahari emphasizes the government as the Beit Al-Qazidi and the basis of the teachings of the prophets, and thus emphasizes the link between religion and politics, and has offered a special position in the religious intellectual discourse. Accordingly, the question of this research is the verbal bases and the kind of approach to the realm of religion, which has influenced the concept of government in the thought of Motahhari? According to the author, the maximum view of religion and the comprehensive view of religion in the approach of Professor Motahhari has led to the model of the rule of the jurisprudent. To achieve this goal, the paper has used the interpretive method and has provided an answer by reviewing the works of Martyr Motahhari. Manuscript profile

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173 - The bases of speech and religion from the perspective of clarifying the scope of martyr Morteza Motahhari and priest shabestari on Government
Mohammad Torabi

.In the current political climate of the Qajar period and has always been an important influence in various spheres. These include traditionalism and modernism influential force. "Realm of religion" one of the most important issues and Nvpyday modern study of religion a More

.In the current political climate of the Qajar period and has always been an important influence in various spheres. These include traditionalism and modernism influential force. "Realm of religion" one of the most important issues and Nvpyday modern study of religion and the modern man is now part of the philosophy of religion and theology have been allocated new. Motahari government and education infrastructure prophets Alqsydh bit counts, so the relation between religion and politics and emphasis in intellectual discourse also offered a specific position. Accordingly, this study questions the theological basis and the impact on the government's approach to the realm of religion and priest shabestari Motahari's thoughts? Paper To achieve this goal and to evaluate the effects of two men benefited method of interpretation has to provide answers. So each of the two discourses are of particular meaning system that distinguishes them from each other was. The main focus centered approach Motahari two Muslim thinker and jurist shabestari is located. No doubt each of the two men has a special meaning system that distinguishes them from each other. Perhaps the root of the differences in theory and theology and interpretation of religion and Islamic principles searched. Manuscript profile

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174 - Political Thought of Emaduddin Tabari
ali khaleghi

Abstract: Hassan bin Ali bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Hasan al-Tabari, known as Najm al-Din and Imad al-Din al-Tabari and Imad al-Tabari's has been the one of famous scholars from Amol and Mazandaran and he has been contemporary with Khajeh nasiraldin Tusi, Mohaghegh Hilli More

Abstract: Hassan bin Ali bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Hasan al-Tabari, known as Najm al-Din and Imad al-Din al-Tabari and Imad al-Tabari's has been the one of famous scholars from Amol and Mazandaran and he has been contemporary with Khajeh nasiraldin Tusi, Mohaghegh Hilli and Aallameh hilli (seventh century). In the present article we want to describe the political thoughts of this greet faghih of shiat. For this purpose, inspired by the skinners methods of hermeneutics we have tried to introduction of his life and his character. And by reference to his available texts with the open reading these texts and with engaging in political and social era of ilkhanan and according to the foundations and religious traditions of Shiite political era ilkhanan we have proceed to reread his political jurisprudence texts and his views on the concept of politics, the need for government and department, headed types, the department of justice and his origin, conditions, characteristics ,duties and options and its authority, headed by Valye faghih during the occultation, the source of legitimacy and expansion of their province, system of Soltani and interacting with that. Key words: politics, government, Proxy province of faghih , legitimacy and Province-wide , royalism Manuscript profile

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175 - The Problematique of Legitimacy in Islamic Civilization
Mohammad Ahmadi

This article claims that up and down of Islamic civilization, more than whatever, are dependent upon power struggles and problem of political legitimacy of the Islamic states. While Islamic civilization peaks during the Abbasid, the golden era of Islamic civilization sh More

This article claims that up and down of Islamic civilization, more than whatever, are dependent upon power struggles and problem of political legitimacy of the Islamic states. While Islamic civilization peaks during the Abbasid, the golden era of Islamic civilization shows down side in the same state. However, origins of such up and down find shape in political culture and socio-political developments during the previous Umayyad and Nabavi states. The Abbasid state won the political struggles by further having full control of jurisprudence and theology knowledge and achieves supremacy, in continuity, over its archrivals that are the Shiites and the Khwarijites by making changes in legitimizing power knowledge. As a result, Islamic civilization had been fundamentally dependent on weakness and strength of the Islamic states and such weakness and strength originate from formation of political legitimacy problem. This article firstly explains theoretical framework of legitimacy of political justice-based state and secondly it deals with contraction and expansion of problem of legitimacy during the Umayyad regime and the Abbasid’s, afterwards. Manuscript profile

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176 - The European Union and the Syrian Crisis
Seyed Morteza Oreizi Maybodi

In the 1950s, the European region made integration in the form of European community. Various views were presented by scholars, including Andrew Moravcsik who brought up the theory of “Liberal Intergovernmentalism” by examining the strengths and weaknesses o More

In the 1950s, the European region made integration in the form of European community. Various views were presented by scholars, including Andrew Moravcsik who brought up the theory of “Liberal Intergovernmentalism” by examining the strengths and weaknesses of the European community. Since this theory, compared with other theories, shows the integration among European Union in a more practical way especially in the context of the common agricultural policy, the present study examines the common foreign and security policy of the European Union towards the Syrian crisis based on this theory. The present study’s research method is library research and descriptive correlational research. The hypothesis of the article is that the common foreign and security policy of the European Union has not been met due to the different behavior of the main actors of the European Union (UK, Germany, and France) over the Syrian crisis. The results of this research show that considering the assumptions of identifying states as the main actors of integration and rationalizing their behavior, the theory of “Liberal Intergovernmentalism”, in contrast to other similar theories, has a more realistic view of European integration. In this theory, integration between governments was examined in three stages of identification of national preferences, bargaining between governments, and institutional selection, among which integrated institutions and the common foreign and security policy of the European Union after the Maastricht Treaty was of great importance among the integrated institutions. Manuscript profile

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177 - The “Powerful Constitutionalist” Government in the Ideology of Malek al-Sho’ra’ Bahar
Reza Afsordeh Hamed Ameri Golestani Lena Abdolkhani Hamed Mohagheghnia

10.22034/sej.2020.1896506.1234

Iran’s chaotic and critical condition as a result of war and political instability after Persian Constitutionalism made the idea of “powerful government” conspicuous. Realizing critical conditions back then, many political and intellectual elites follo More

Iran’s chaotic and critical condition as a result of war and political instability after Persian Constitutionalism made the idea of “powerful government” conspicuous. Realizing critical conditions back then, many political and intellectual elites followed the above idea, and by “enlightened absolutism” paved the way for the establishment of Reza Khan government. Malek al-Sho’ara’ Bahar was among those who proposed the above idea for the first time. In this regard, the present study aims to explore this subject using Skinner’s Hermeneutic Intentionalism. The purpose of this study is the realization of Bahar’s ideology of powerful government and its distinction with other common ideas within the last years of Qajar dynasty in that Bahar did not want to admit “powerful government” without basic principles of constitutionalism such as freedom, justice, and a powerful parliament. This study seeks to answer the following research questions: What was Bahar’s “motivation” for his tendency to the idea of “powerful government”? With regard to Bahar’s main “intention”, that is “anti-authoritarianism”, what was the difference between his perception of “powerful government” and the perception of society? As for the first hypothesis, the most important “motivation” of Bahar for tendency to the idea of “powerful government” was to fulfill “the expediency” of the country. Besides, Bahar followed the idea of “powerful constitutionalist government” with regard to the principle of constitutionalism in his intended powerful state. Manuscript profile

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178 - A Survey and Evaluation of the Place of Optimal Governance in Nahj ul-Balāgha
Seyed Rohollah Tabatabaei Ali Shirkhani Mehdi Motaharnia

10.22034/sej.2020.1911218.1266

The purpose of the present study is to explain the characteristics of optimal policy and governance from the perspective of Imam Ali (s) in Nahj ul-Balāgha. The main research question in this article is: “What status does the optimal governance have from the view More

The purpose of the present study is to explain the characteristics of optimal policy and governance from the perspective of Imam Ali (s) in Nahj ul-Balāgha. The main research question in this article is: “What status does the optimal governance have from the view of Imam Ali (s)?” Furthermore, this study relies on the hypothesis that the characteristics of a favorable governance according to the idea of Imam Ali (s) are derived from divine commandments, and a series of factors such as transgression and inattention to meritocracy are considered as the features of a tyrannical government (Tāghūt). A favorable government in the idea of Imam Ali (s) is of special importance. The method of the study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that in the view of Imam Ali (s), legitimacy, public participation, transparency (accepting the criticisms and responding to them), responsibility and responsiveness, efficiency, and meritocracy have an effective role in creating a favorable government in society. On the other hand, he introduces transgression, inattention to meritocracy, autocracy, and power seeking as basic obstacles in the way of optimal governance.     Manuscript profile

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179 - Theory of Government in the Political Idea of Ibn Khaldun
Mohammad Reza Oveisi

10.22034/sej.2021.1903156.1252

The objective of the present study is to review the theory of government in the political idea of Ibn Khaldun. To this aim and using a hermeneutic approach, the theory of Asabiyyah (social cohesion) as the foundation of Ibn Khaldun’s political doctrine, the emerge More

The objective of the present study is to review the theory of government in the political idea of Ibn Khaldun. To this aim and using a hermeneutic approach, the theory of Asabiyyah (social cohesion) as the foundation of Ibn Khaldun’s political doctrine, the emergence of government and its contributing factors, the causes of government’s fall, variety of governments and its best type were discussed in Ibn Khaldun’s theory of government. The method of study was descriptive analysis and the results showed that Ibn Khaldun has been among the first thinkers in the world studying the concept of government and theorizing the origin, definition, way of establishment, types, the ideal form, components, functions, and its fall. Since his theory has the three elements of a scientific theory, that is to say concordance with the objective instances, multi relationships between the concepts in the theory, and the coherence of perception in various circumstances, it can be recognized as one of the first theories of government and has the potential of academic and international publication. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - A Reflection upon the Concept of Political Development in the Principlist Discourse of Mahmūd Ahmadī Nizhād
Reza Mohammadain Hossein Tafazoli Seyed Ismail Hosseini Goli

10.22034/sej.2021.1924729.1309

MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of t More

MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of the concept of political development in the discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād that in contrast with the western conception of political development, is accompanied with some requirements such as establishing Islamic civilization by the Islamic Republic Government and improving Islamic culture and civilization in the international level. Using descriptive analysis, this study deals with the main research question that: what does the concept of political development mean in in the priciplist idea of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād? This research delves deep into the principlist discourse of the parties and democratic organizations as well as the role of people in achieving the goals of the revolution and then represents a new interpretation of the concept of political development. This interpretation recognizes the establishment of Islamic civilization and justice by the Islamic Republic of Iran throughout the world as the center of this concept in the intellectual discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Government, Oil, and Economic Adjustment Plans in Temporary Iran (1989-2020)
Fatemeh Mirabasi Maghsood Ranjbar

10.22034/sej.2021.1933163.1346

The purpose of the present study is to review the nature and causes of the failure of economic adjustment policies in Iran from the view of political economics. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it relies on the hypothesis that since development theories a More

The purpose of the present study is to review the nature and causes of the failure of economic adjustment policies in Iran from the view of political economics. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it relies on the hypothesis that since development theories are directly related to political economics in every society and its structure should be executed based on economic and strategic planning in the country, the Iranian government’s intervention and its outstanding share as a catalyst in the process of development or underdevelopment have been the main causes of Iran’s failure in its economic adjustment policies during 19089 to 2020. This predicament has gradually led Iran astray in preventing it from the appropriate execution of its development plans which led to the deterioration of economic and social conditions in the country. It not only has removed needed conditions and background for development, but also has had threatening consequences such as economic development crisis and fragile multilateral improvement in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Presenting a Model for the Identification and Guidance of Managerial Potentials and Professional Qualifications of Women to Take Charge of Executive and Political Responsibility in Khouzestan Provincial Government
Zeinab Khodadadi Gholamhossein Barekat Sakineh Shahi

10.22034/sej.2021.1941198.1377

The purpose of the present study is to present a model to identify and guide managerial potentials and professional qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. The research method was mixed (quali More

The purpose of the present study is to present a model to identify and guide managerial potentials and professional qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and it had a practical purpose. The statistical population of the qualitative section included all managers in the province of Khouzestan and the sample of study was chosen purposefully to interview the participants. The statistical population of the quantitative section involved the staff in the industry and mines departments and universities in the province of Khouzestan including 454 members among whom 62 employees were chosen by random sampling. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire based on the qualitative findings examined in terms of validity and reliability. The coding method was used for data analysis of the qualitative section and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis by SPSS was applied. According to the obtained results, 5 main components including professional knowledge, professional qualification, professional ability, professional attitude, and professional features were identified as the most important managerial potentials and qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. Furthermore, communication knowledge with average number of 21.24%, specialized knowledge with the average number of 20.58%, and self-recognition knowledge with the average number of 19.76% were reported to be as the most important managerial potentials and professional qualifications in women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - The Role of National Identity Patterns of the Executive Elites in Iran’s Foreign Policy (1997-2005)
Hossein Karimifard

10.22034/sej.2023.1984955.1543

The present research studies Iran’s foreign policy during the presidency of Mr. Khaatami with an emphasis on the role of identity patterns of the executive elites in the development of foreign policy by a descriptive-analytic method and the theory of constructivism. The More

The present research studies Iran’s foreign policy during the presidency of Mr. Khaatami with an emphasis on the role of identity patterns of the executive elites in the development of foreign policy by a descriptive-analytic method and the theory of constructivism. The research relies on the hypothesis that identity is regarded as the foundation of national interest. The practical orientation of Iran’s foreign policy is considered a state issue in which different governmental institutions including the executive elites have a role. The component of national culture and identity of the executive elites is regarded as an effective factor in the “behavior” of Iran’s foreign policy during the period of reformism. The results indicate that with regard to the outstanding element of modernism compared to Islamism and nationalism (Iranism) for the reformist executive elites and the perception of cultural and identity similarity with some western elements, Iran’s foreign policy orientation inclined to the west and this issue paved the way for the polarization of Iran’s Foreign policy during the next years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - A Theoretical Introduction to the Reasons for Political Conflicts Emphasizing on the Role of Political Systems
Hanif Athari Allaf Saeed Gazerani Aliasghar Davoudi

10.22034/sej.2022.1959700.1466

Although governments stem from the people’s will and their sustenance depend on their satisfaction, conflict between both sides in this transaction is inevitable. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain some behaviors of the governments as the more powe More

Although governments stem from the people’s will and their sustenance depend on their satisfaction, conflict between both sides in this transaction is inevitable. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain some behaviors of the governments as the more powerful side of the transactions which cause political conflicts and challenge the survival of the governments. To this aim, a descriptive-analytic method as well as historical documents and objective evidence were used to identify causes of political conflicts that come from the governments’ behavior. The research relies on the hypothesis that disorder in providing people’s basic needs, unreasonable beliefs and behaviors, and power imbalance are the main reasons for political conflicts. According to the obtained results, it seems that the beginning source of conflict between people and governments is the existence or perception of injustice. Furthermore, in a monoliteral power system where both the government as the more powerful side and people as the less powerful side seek to achieve scarce resources, usually the more powerful side takes steps to create a hegemonic system by using its opportunities. On the other hand, people who are fed up with mere obedience, always seek a chance to nullify this hegemony by any means. In general, it seems that the governments’ negligence to meet people’s needs can gradually increase dissatisfied groups in society and cause unreturnable political conflicts, especially when the government is supposed to make decisions to decrease social dissatisfaction or provide more privilege for people. It appears that the first step by the governments to control political conflict is to remove the perception of injustice in society through meeting people’s basic needs. In the next step, the governments should focus on increasing their legitimacy that requires creating freedom, in addition to maintaining their dignity and avoidance of violence. Finally, the governments ought to prevent the gradual growing of dissatisfaction in society and guide people’s energy towards participatory activities in order to avoid creation of conflicts. This issue requires the optimal conduction of the governments’ special act that is giving service to people.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Effort made for the Bio-environment in Jurisprudence and Culture of Imam Khomeini (ra)
سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانی

The aim of establishing government, religiously speaking, is to use political power for achieving high ambitions of the conspicuous religion such as justice and institutionalization of purely Islamic culture in the community. But facing such sacred aim, there are damage More

The aim of establishing government, religiously speaking, is to use political power for achieving high ambitions of the conspicuous religion such as justice and institutionalization of purely Islamic culture in the community. But facing such sacred aim, there are damages and challenges that jeopardize achievement of the aims concerned and this is something of great concern for the supreme leader and founder of the Islamic Republic; among the other things, recognition and analysis of cultural damages become doubly important thanks to the approach adopted by religious government. A review over the most important worries of Imam Khomeini (ra) that were raised in his blessed lifetime with a pathological look can help us preserve the religious government because he with his intuition, vigilance, recognition and courage explored introduction and revelation of damages and suggested strategies. This article tries to explore cultural damages which, if not given important consideration, can threaten the religious government, keep it away from achievement of aims and ideals and pave the ground for restoration of religious doctrines and their gradual domination. In other words, emerging damages of culture can be the most important and serious damages because they can threaten foundation of government and metamorphosis occurs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - Cultural Pathology of Religious Government in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
مرتضی بابایی مجتبی اشرافی

Religiously, the aim of establishing government is to take advantage of political power for achieving high ambitions of the conspicuous religion such as justice and institutionalization of pure Islamic culture in the community. But there are challenges and harms vis-&ag More

Religiously, the aim of establishing government is to take advantage of political power for achieving high ambitions of the conspicuous religion such as justice and institutionalization of pure Islamic culture in the community. But there are challenges and harms vis-à-vis this sacred aim, that can jeopardize achievement of such aim and the leader and founder of the Islamic Republic have always been concerned about it; in the meantime, recognition and analysis of cultural harms have gained double significance thanks to approach of religious government. Henceforth, a review over the most important concerns of Imam Khomeini (ra) raised with a pathological look in his blessed lifetime can help us to maintain the religious government because he blessed with intuition, vigilance, recognition and courage dealt with introducing and making such harms known as well as offering strategies. This article tries to explore cultural harms, if unattended, can threaten religious government, keep away ideals and ambitious from being achieved and pave the ground for emerging non-religious doctrines and their gradual domination. In other words, in case cultural harms emerge, they can be the most serious harms leading to resultant dangers happening to foundation of religious government and its metamorphosis. Manuscript profile

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187 - An Analysis into Immaculate Imams’ View and Way of Conduct toward Cruel Government and Governor
Mohammad Reza  Ahmadi Taleshian Ali  Shir‐Khani

The  present  paper  deals  with  Infallible  Imams’  view  on  the  cruel government, in addition to elaborating on the concept of the cruel government. Altho More

The  present  paper  deals  with  Infallible  Imams’  view  on  the  cruel government, in addition to elaborating on the concept of the cruel government. Although before the major Occultation Era the issue of the cruel governor had been under question, the concept has been extensively used in the literature of Shiite jurisprudence since the major Occultation. The way of treating rulers has been one of the greatest concerns of the Shiite jurisprudents in the era such that the question of whether their action was in accordance with Infallible Imams’  will  was  put  forward.  Despite  the  existence  of  particular principles  since  the  major  Occultation  Era,  the  concept  of  cruel governor has been developed under different circumstances. What is Immaculate Imams’ view on cruel governors? What was their way of conduct toward the rulers of their times and what did they suggest their followers and devotees doing in confrontation with cruel rulers? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - Governmental Jurisprudence in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
هادی شاکری الهه بزمیان مسعود مطلبی

Shiite jurisprudence is constantly changing. With the victory of Islamic revolution and rule of community jurisprudents, many questions relating to area of jurisprudence in the Islamic community were shifted to system of jurisprudence where jurisprudent approaches opted More

Shiite jurisprudence is constantly changing. With the victory of Islamic revolution and rule of community jurisprudents, many questions relating to area of jurisprudence in the Islamic community were shifted to system of jurisprudence where jurisprudent approaches opted to answer them thanks to their Ijtihad and mental principles. The governmental jurisprudence is rulings that ruler of community based upon religiously anticipated norms and public interests of Muslims prescribes to preserve health of society, regulate the affairs and establish accurate relationships among organizations in the fields of culture, education, tax and so forth. In the meantime, Imam Khomeini (ra) by turning to his governmental approach established modern jurisprudence with a governmental attitude that believes in Islamic jurisprudence capability for managing the society and says the only way for achieving Shari’ah individually and socially is to establish the Islamic government. For him, whatever of powers and duties of the Prophet (s) and Imams after him, can be authentically applied to fully qualified jurisprudent. This article intends to study and analyze tools and approaches of the governmental jurisprudence in the opinion of Imam Khomeini (ra) through examination of definitions of jurisprudence and principles of governmental jurisprudence. And this is basically presumed that Ijtihad understanding of jurisprudents like Imam Khomeini (ra) from Shari’ah and jurisprudent sources involves a comprehensive directive for its systematization and supervision based upon instructions of governmental jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

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189 - A Critique and Analysis of Reasons for Illegitimacy of the Religious Government during the Occultation Era
Mohammad Mahdi Baba‐Pur Golafshani Ali  Jafar‐Zade

Some believe that a religious government during the Occultation Era does not have the necessary legitimacy. The proponents of the idea have presented reasons mo More

Some believe that a religious government during the Occultation Era does not have the necessary legitimacy. The proponents of the idea have presented reasons most of which refer to the absence of the twelfth  Imam  per  se  and  the  existence  of  narrations  that  have pictured  any  uprisings  or  restorative  movements  as  useless, inefficient  and  even  illegitimate.  The  present  study  is  aimed  at indicating that the absence of the twelfth Imam per se may not be a reason for the illegitimacy of the religious government but a religious government can set the stage for the messianic culture. It will also show  that  despite  the  existence  of  narrations  that  reject  the legitimacy  of  an  uprising  during  the  Occultation  Era,  there  are genuine narrations in the narrative reference books that refer to the legitimacy of the movement. By drawing a comparison between the two categories of narrations, it may be concluded that some of those uprisings, including Imam Khomeini’s uprising that led to an Islamic government, were legitimate in case of having the conditions of an uprising.  Manuscript profile

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190 - Discourse of the Islamic Revolution and drawing an alternative model for the government
Ataollah Afsordeh Shiva Jalalpoor Hamed Ameri Golestani Hamed Mohagheghnia

10.22034/sej.2019.667452

The Islamic Republic of Iran, as a new government, has complexities, and it is important to understand and understand these complexities and the relationship between "Jihadist political Islam" and "Republicanism". It is also important to gain this understanding in order More

The Islamic Republic of Iran, as a new government, has complexities, and it is important to understand and understand these complexities and the relationship between "Jihadist political Islam" and "Republicanism". It is also important to gain this understanding in order to better understand the functioning of the Islamic Republic of Iran and to understand these complexities these principles must be recognized and their origin properly understood. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to understand the basic foundations of government in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article analyzes the foundation of the government in the Islamic Republic based on the method of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse and examines it in the form of alternative discourse for other competing discourses. Accordingly, the central sign of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution is "Jihadist political Islam" which is manifested by the establishment of the Islamic Republic in the jurisprudence of the province. The government in the Islamic Republic of Iran has drawn a paradigm shift from all previous models. This was due to the development of the discourse following the Islamic Revolution and the centralization of the Velayat-e Faqih. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that the political system based on the jurisprudence of the jurisprudence is an alternative to all its earlier discourse patterns and those of its rival discourses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Democracy, Freedom and Secularism in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
زهرا صداقتی نیا محمد قدرتی مقصود رنجبر

This article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically More

This article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically related to one another. Considering political development is one of the approaches to attain typical community concerned to Imam (ra). What is accepted is to pay attention to democracy and approval of what the majority believes in the ideas ruling over the regime. Founder of Islamic Republic of Iran by expressing that he is not opt to impose something on people of Iran, nor are Islam and Prophet (s) permitted to do so referred to likely similarity of his concerned democracy to the western type of democracy and clarified: “the democracy we want to establish is not available in west. Democracy of Islam is more complete than that of the west. “Category of freedom as primary right of mankind has been accepted in this government. Imam Khomeini (ra) believed: “There is freedom in Islam for all walks of life. Basis is national freedom and independence.” Of course, he made it clear that: “Freedom remains limited according to law; freedom ceases to mean that whoever says whatever he wishes to say.” Islamic Republic is a government based on freedom and democracy in the framework of Islam. In secularism, the followers envision that religion and anything with sanctity and spirituality must be set aside from social activities and relations. Therefore, vision and religion are placed exclusive and limited to personal matters and they are incompatible with categories of politics and society. This stream of thought must be originally sought in the positions taken by the west against religion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - “Religious minimalists” and “Religious Maximalists”: Diversity in the New Political Thoughts in the Islamic World
KHadijeh Mohammadpour marzbali farzad hosseini

The present research aims to investigate the categorizations plan of political thoughts in the Islamic world based on the proportion and position of “religion” in “modern government” as a basis for classifying the new thoughts in the Islamic worl More

The present research aims to investigate the categorizations plan of political thoughts in the Islamic world based on the proportion and position of “religion” in “modern government” as a basis for classifying the new thoughts in the Islamic world. The categorizations include the ratio of Sharia to rule in the government, the validation of political wisdom and legacy integration. A descriptive-analytical research method is applied. The results show that “religious minimalists” consider the minimal role for religion and religious traditions for the government and take the modern religion and government as a barrier to aggregate and give the priority to the government to manage these world's affairs. “Religious maximalists” consider widely proportion for religion and divine traditions in the government and they don't separate current and second world that manage them by two distinct institutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - Status of civil society and non-governmental actors in public policy in Iran (2005-2013)
nadia agharezaei tarkhorani Ali Mohseni Mohammad Hassan Ellahi Manesh

10.22034/sej.2019.665769

Civil society and nongovernmental actors in the new age have played a significant role in political scene and they are effective factors in management and administration of society, as well as effective tool for influencing the behavior and performance of the state, esp More

Civil society and nongovernmental actors in the new age have played a significant role in political scene and they are effective factors in management and administration of society, as well as effective tool for influencing the behavior and performance of the state, especially in rationalizing of state power. The explanation of the status of civil society and non-governmental actors in the public policy of the ninth and tenth government has been considered as a research goal. The main argument of this article is that in the ninth and tenth governments, civil society and non-governmental actors have been marginalized in public policy and have limited role and participation. In this research, it has been tried to analyze the position of the mentioned institutions in the public policy making of the ninth and tenth governments in the framework of the institutional model, and in two areas of domestic and foreign policy, using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting information in a library. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - The Religious‐Text Features in Imam Khomeini’s Views and Their Influence on the Jurisprudential‐ Political Thought
Gholam Hassan Moqimi

The mechanism of Imam Khomeini’s dynamic ijtihad, besides developing a  systematic  relationship  with  the  sources  (the  Qur’an,  tradition, consensus and wisdom),&n More

The mechanism of Imam Khomeini’s dynamic ijtihad, besides developing a  systematic  relationship  with  the  sources  (the  Qur’an,  tradition, consensus and wisdom), enjoys a logical link with time and space and hence extracts the regulations for the political and social life out of them.  Although  the  social  structures  of  time  and  space  limitthe juristswithin the context of the social environment and the realities of everyday political life (power relations), the only element for the jurist theoreticians to develop political thoughtsis "the legitimacy and supremacy of religious texts". The  distinctive  characteristic  in  Imam  Khomeini’s  Jurisprudential approach is its being based on religious texts. The present research assumes that Imam Khomeini’s social, systematic and comprehensive view toward the religious texts has caused his jurisprudential‐political deductions to be social, systematic and comprehensive, as well. For instance, he considers the governance as a component of religion and among the primary rules. The consequence of such a view is that Islam will be deficient without “the ruling of the religious leader”. This article is based on a holistic approach with reaches beyond the additive philosophy and it tries to extract the religious‐text features in Imam Khomeini’s view and study their influence on the political‐jurisprudential thoughts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - The Status of Expediency in Politico-Jurisprudent Thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra)
خدیجه هاشمی غلامرضا بهروزی لک

Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) is the first jurisprudent in political history of Shiism who succeeded in establishing a government and restoring theory of guardianship (Velayat-e-Faqih). To this direction, he viewed expedient jurisprudent in a different manner than before an More

Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) is the first jurisprudent in political history of Shiism who succeeded in establishing a government and restoring theory of guardianship (Velayat-e-Faqih). To this direction, he viewed expedient jurisprudent in a different manner than before and further highlighted its governmental-social aspect than what it had been before. This is while earlier Shiite scholars pointed more to aspect of expediency in religious areas and individual obligations in their writings and the application of this momentum had been ignored in socio-political matters. Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) underscoring prophetic biography introduced the expediency as the basic tenet in perpetuating and maintaining the Islamic system; practically speaking, his political conduct represented his commitment to this vital principle in the Islamic community. The article author has tried to analytically and descriptively and based on library research data deal with theory of expediency in thinking and practice of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - The Jungle Movement and its Impact on Contemporary Literature
Parvaneh Gholizadh Seyyed Saeed Ahazadeh koluri Mohammad Reaz Shad Manamen Jahandoost Sabzalipour

10.30495/dk.2022.1936640.2315

The Jungle Uprising, following the failure of the Constitutional Revolution, occurred in the last years of the thirteenth century AH, led by Mirza Kuchak Khan, with the aim of fighting the Shah's dictatorship and overthrowing the Russian and British occupiers from the n More

The Jungle Uprising, following the failure of the Constitutional Revolution, occurred in the last years of the thirteenth century AH, led by Mirza Kuchak Khan, with the aim of fighting the Shah's dictatorship and overthrowing the Russian and British occupiers from the north and supporting the oppressed people against the courtiers. Corrupt, oppressive landlords and wealthy merchants were formed. The life of this movement was very short due to internal and external attacks. The common people’s support and human goals of the movement caused its incredible influence among farmers and artisans, and at the same time had a profound effect on political, social and cultural institutions and paved the way for a kind of resistance literature in Iran in the form of poetry and literature. The data of this research are provided by documentary method and are analyzed and described using content analysis tools and qualitative methods. The most important achievement of this research is that, firstly, the government and its affiliates have not hesitated to stop killing people in order to protect their interests, and secondly, the emotional impact on the movement's data on the people has been more than its historical impact. Manuscript profile

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197 - Explain the patterns of the legal, social and welfare system of the government and its role in changing the lifestyles of war veterans
Seyed Reza Hejazi Mehrdad Navabakhsh Ebrahim Mottaghi

The legal system is the most important legal issue that in everyday life, by defining punishments, determines the permissible behaviors of individuals in society; But in today's modernity and lifestyle that people choose, traditional, pre-modern corporal punishment is l More

The legal system is the most important legal issue that in everyday life, by defining punishments, determines the permissible behaviors of individuals in society; But in today's modernity and lifestyle that people choose, traditional, pre-modern corporal punishment is less applicable than in the past. Of course, this legal system is not fixed for societies and varies from one society to another. Therefore, in our country, where the philosophy of life is based on the Holy Shari'a and the Holy Quran, the lifestyle of society is different from the lifestyle of modernity. Therefore, the legal system listens to the members of the society, how each behavior is normal and acceptable, and which behavior is abnormal and how it reacts. Therefore, whatever issue is raised in society, creating a law for it should be the last resort. Because with the right legislation, the legitimate expectations of the people of the society can be met. The legal system of each country determines the line and mesh and demarcation of society, and globally, the rules of the international legal system are formally demarcated for countries by international organizations. Therefore, the application of punishments affects all forms of life. Therefore, according to the resources available within the framework of the law, governments help all those who are unable to pay for living expenses for any reason, and welfare services in different countries are very variable and its meaning varies from country to country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - The role of political and social discourses in holy defense genre
Milad Nourian Ramsheh Houreyeh Dehghan Shad

This research is about the effect that the change of governments and the change of political discourses, has had an effect on the cinematic works of the holy defense genre? From the beginning of the war until now, different governments have come to power with different More

This research is about the effect that the change of governments and the change of political discourses, has had an effect on the cinematic works of the holy defense genre? From the beginning of the war until now, different governments have come to power with different views, each of which has had a specific discourse. The discourses that each had their own point of view on political, cultural, social and economic issues. In fact, the diversity of governments' views on these issues has had a direct impact on their view of war, as evidenced by the holy defense films of each period. Ebrahim Hatamikia, as one of the filmmakers of the holy defense genre, has studied the various dimensions of war in his works since the beginning of the war and seeks the relationship of the state with the phenomenon of war and holy defense. In this research, we want to understand what effect politics has had on the works of holy defense genre and to what extent have these films been influenced by the circumstances of each political period? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Investigating the characteristics of religious government in allegorical stories of Rumi's Masnavi
Fazel Abbaszadeh Asbar Habibi

The issue of government has been and is one of the most fundamental human concerns in history. The necessity of government is obvious, which is also confirmed by human nature. The issue of desirable and religious government is one of the important issues in Rumi's Masna More

The issue of government has been and is one of the most fundamental human concerns in history. The necessity of government is obvious, which is also confirmed by human nature. The issue of desirable and religious government is one of the important issues in Rumi's Masnavi in which Rumi has dealt with the issue in various aspects of religious, scientific, political, etc. languages with allegorical and symbolic language. The present study, as a library-analytical study, has examined the characteristics of religious government in allegorical stories of Rumi's spiritual Masnavi. The surveys conducted in this study showed that Rumi, while enumerating the most important characteristics of religious government such as: justice, spirituality and servitude, perfection and virtue and wisdom and prudence, genero city and democracy, fight against domination and tolerance towards villeins he considered. The subjects considered the government as necessary, in this regard, the monarchy and the religious government, which is based on divine knowledge, self-construction and perfection, as a desirable and competent government to govern society, and the true ruler, according to him, is the perfect man or guardian of God. He knows in every age. In his opinion, the rule of the perfect man or the guardian of God is the royal manifestation of God Almighty, and the objective example of such a government on earth is the rule of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Relationship between Organizational Bullying and Organizational Silence with the Mediating Role of Violations of the Psychological Contract
reza sepahvand mohsen arefnezhad Fariborz Fathi Chgni masood sepahvand

10.30486/jsrp.2019.666526

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational bullying and employees' organizational silence with the mediating role of psychological contract violation in governmental organizations in Lorestan province. The study was practical in More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational bullying and employees' organizational silence with the mediating role of psychological contract violation in governmental organizations in Lorestan province. The study was practical in terms of purpose, relational in terms of research type, and structural formula in terms of modeling type. The statistical population of the study was 1317 employees of general offices of Lorestan province organizations based in the city of Khorramabad. Based on Morgan table, a sample size of 297 was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, (Einarsen, Hoel & Notelaers',2009) Organizational Bullying Questionnaire, (Morrison and Robinson’s,2000) Psychological Contract Violation Questionnaire and (Brinsfield’s,2013) Organizational Silence Questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and PLS software have been used. The results indicate that organizational bullying both directly or through psychological contract violation increases the organizational silence of employees in governmental organizations of Lorestan province (P<0/05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - Department of Management, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad Moghan, Iran.
kheyrollah Sarboland

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1891733.2267

The aim of this study was to identify and understand the views and mental models of managers of government organizations on the factors influencing innovative work behavior. The research method is a type of mixed research the main idea is to know people's mindsets, view More

The aim of this study was to identify and understand the views and mental models of managers of government organizations on the factors influencing innovative work behavior. The research method is a type of mixed research the main idea is to know people's mindsets, views, opinions and attitudes about the phenomenon under study. The statistical population was all senior managers of government organizations in Tehran in 2020 The study sample consisted of 24 senior managers of government agencies in Tehran which were selected by targeted sampling method and obtained through in-depth interview of the discourse space and using their comments, the sample and options of Q and then the collection of Q were obtained. Q methodology was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis include identifying the factors that make up managers 'mindsets in line with innovative work behavior, as well as explaining managers' mindsets in this regard. The results show that examining opportunities, generating ideas, promoting ideas, realizing ideas, and reflecting on the five main mentalities of managers in the direction of innovative work behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Needs Analysis Based on Evaluation of High School Principals and Board of Education Staffs Familiarity with IT in Isfahan During the Academic Year of 2004 - 2005
Manijeh Rozbehi Gholamreza Ahmadi

In the present study, an attempt is made to provide a needs analysis based on evaluation of high school principals and board of Education staffs familiarity with IT in Isfahan During the academic year of 2004 - 2005. The needs analysis covers such different categories a More

In the present study, an attempt is made to provide a needs analysis based on evaluation of high school principals and board of Education staffs familiarity with IT in Isfahan During the academic year of 2004 - 2005. The needs analysis covers such different categories as computer, information networks, electronic government and computer tools. The research method utilized in the study was a descriptive survey. The population sample was randomly selected (180) from among all high school principals and Board of Education staff in Isfahan during the academic year 2004 - 2005 . The procedure was a structured twenty two item questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The objective was to measure the extent to which high school principals and board of Education staff in Isfahan are familiar with It and / or need to increase their IT literacy. The reliability of questionnaire was estimated, >/85 and >/90 respectively. In this study, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the obtained data including: one-variable and independent variable t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the tukey test. The research findings revealed that the degree of Isfahan Board of education staffs knowledge of IT is more than of high school principals concerning information networks, e-government and computer tools. In addition, the results further indicated that the knowledge of subjects on computer was at a peak, while their knowledge about the influence of Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - A Comparative Survey of QuantitativeDevelopment Trend in Private and GovernmentalHigher Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran
فریده آل آقا محسن کشاورز محسن رحیمی

Recently, skilled and specialist manpower is one of the most important parameters in economic and cultural development of countries and the role of human capital at the rate of economic growth and development in a country is higher than euer before. Therefore, one of th More

Recently, skilled and specialist manpower is one of the most important parameters in economic and cultural development of countries and the role of human capital at the rate of economic growth and development in a country is higher than euer before. Therefore, one of the most essential ways for achieving social-economic development is investment in higher education. With respect to the vital role of higher education in training of manpower in Iran, likein under developing countries, qualitative and quantitative development of higher education is considered as an unavoidable principle. The main goal of this research is to study the trend development of quantitative private higher education institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran and compare it with governmental higher education institutions. The present study is an applied one and the research method is survey-descriptive. Statically, population consists of all private and governmental higher education institutions (non-governmental universities, Islamic Azad University) in the Islamic Republic of Iran and to make an in-depth examination and thorough census was conducted. On the other hand, evidence shows that during the two last decades, governmental facilities and budgets could not respond to it. Thus, establishment, development and tooling of private and non-governmental universities and institutes, that the great part of it is Islamic Azad university, attracted considerable attention and growth. Hence Islamic Azad university students outnumber others (Bazargan, ). With respect to the sensitive role of this section, careful knowledge about its potentials and as well as planning for the future, is very crucial. Thus, in this research, primarily, the backgrounds of establishment and trend of private higher education development in some countries was discussed and then with the presentation of a short history of private higher education in Islamic Republic of Iran, we investigated the trend of growth in Iranian private and governmental higher education institutes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - Confrontation of Mystics with Love and Politics by relying on Lyrics of Sanayee, Mowlavi, and Hafiz
Mansour Shaker Parvaneh Adelzadeh Kamran Pashayee fakhri

Politic has the meaning of governing and is an important factor that shows domination over communities. It refers to the things that affect the relationship between the ruler and his subjects and political stability. Responsibility and safety of community are other resp More

Politic has the meaning of governing and is an important factor that shows domination over communities. It refers to the things that affect the relationship between the ruler and his subjects and political stability. Responsibility and safety of community are other responsibilities of politicians. Love is another issue that no one can ignore its impact on his/her lives. Love and politics have both similarities and differences and influence each other. As in the episodes of history, governors' mistakes caused deviations in love, and these deviations have toppled the government. In this study, while expressing different opinions about love and politics, these two issues have been studied in poetries of three mystic poets namely Sanaei, Molavi and Hafez. The result of this study is that mystic poets have interpreted each phenomenon in a spiritual way to reflect the divine effects. Among the three poets discussed here, this feature can be seen in Molavi and Hafez. Deviation in love can be seen in Sanayee's lyrics more and also a little in poems of Hafez that is criticized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - Comparison and Contrast of Mysticism and Politics in Persian Literature
Mansour Shaaker Parvaneh Adelzadeh Kamran Pashayee Fakhree

Upon getting together, people think about what kind of abilities they have to apply. The intimate union made between the purpose to do something and the follower as exists in mysticism plus the ones available in politics brings about that kind of power that would be abl More

Upon getting together, people think about what kind of abilities they have to apply. The intimate union made between the purpose to do something and the follower as exists in mysticism plus the ones available in politics brings about that kind of power that would be able to manage the differences and make it something productive. Therefore, there is no wave out of some drops; rather, it is found within the accumulation of drops, even sharks and ships. Thus, how the unions are made and their contrast and comparison, namely mysticism and politics, is the title of the paper. Above all, the power of poetry bearing the burden of mysticism and politics meaning, and upon the conflict between power and love, poetry makes an artistic work and just like a dexterous judge, it may sometimes make mysticism overcome politics while some other times politics ruins love and mysticism as for which Persian literary works make these kinds of comparisons and contrasts turn out to look bitter and sweet just like a hero. Mysticism and politics create utopia through their comparisons and bring about changes for individuals and society through their contrasts. This paper depicts a small portion of the above arena via dealing with the power of politics and mysticism existing in Persian literary works. Accordingly, love and politics have common features in leadership, solidarity, and individual and social sublimity, social convergence, inclination toward violence, and so on, whereas in cases including rationality, affection, materialism and forcefulness, spirituality, flexibility and smoothness, and decisiveness, they have contrasts so that to deal with poetry and prose works concerning mysticism and politics in Persian literature requires various separate books respectively Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - An analysis of mystical indices of mahdaviat theory
Seysd abdollah daneshi fatemeh Hosseini Mirsafi

The theory of Mahdism has very wide and unknown dimensions due to its extent and universality.One of the most important examples in Islamic mysticism is the issue of the end and Mahdism, which is stated with titles such as perfect man, the owner of the inner aspect esot More

The theory of Mahdism has very wide and unknown dimensions due to its extent and universality.One of the most important examples in Islamic mysticism is the issue of the end and Mahdism, which is stated with titles such as perfect man, the owner of the inner aspect esoteric province, etc. This research uses a descriptive and analytical method and a library method to express a mystical interpretation of the issue of Mahdism. It is necessary to mention that despite different interpretations of mystical concepts and various interpretations of theoretical and practical principles, mysticism is irrefrangible linked with the ideal Mahdavi society. The lesser known position of the theory of Mahdism in mystical topics and Persian research and the conformity of the views of this theory and idea with the original mystical terms, which generally developed significantly after Ibn Arabi, prompted the author to undertake this research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

207 - Analysis Jurisdiction of the Article 12 Urban Land Commission in accordance with the procedure of the courts in relation to government policy for public welfare
Farzad Karimi khanjari mahdi hashemi golijani

       Land in recent decades has become the most important factor in growth and development, especially the development of cities, the government to obtain the land needed for urban development has to adopt special policies tailored to the More

       Land in recent decades has become the most important factor in growth and development, especially the development of cities, the government to obtain the land needed for urban development has to adopt special policies tailored to the conditions of the country. According to Islamic law, the mortal land does not belong to a specific person and is given to the Islamic government. In this regard, the Urban Land Law in 1981 and the Urban Land Law in 1987 were approved by the parliament and caused many lands to be owned by the government. In the same years, it caused a major change in the development of cities, the provision of public welfare and the provision of housing needed by the government. The purpose of this study is to examine the scope of jurisdiction of the Article 12 Commission in accordance with the practical procedure of the courts and the extent to which the Commission has been able to achieve the government's policy objectives for urban development and public welfare. This research has been compiled by analytical-descriptive method and in the form of a library. The results of this research show that the said commission has limited competence and only has jurisdiction in determining the type of land. Most cases are challenged and this shows that in practice in recent years it has not been able to meet the government's goals in policy-making for public welfare and urban development, and there is a need for a major overhaul of Article 12 of the Urban Land Law.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      In today's society, land plays an important role in the development of the city, ensuring the public welfare and well-being of the people, and land can be considered as a national wealth. Given that the population is growing, regulations, policies and criteria are necessary for the public interest To be considered in this regard. The construction of housing for citizens, especially the poor, and the well-being of citizens is needed, so that suitable and cheap land is available to the government (related institutions such as municipalities), so that it can implement appropriate policies for urban development and welfare; The government to obtain the land needed to implement its policies, including urban land policy; Attempted to abolish the ownership of mortal lands and seize this type of land; Therefore, identifying the type of lands and their development is one of the most important issues for which a basic task was determined after the revolution. The mortal lands themselves are divided into two groups: the mortal lands outside the city limits, which are used to create new settlements of this type of land, and it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture to determine whether it is mortal. The second category is urban mortality, which is located within cities and its determination is the responsibility of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development according to the Urban Land Law. Put that the commission is called Article 12 urban landMethodology:       The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The information is collected through a review of texts, documents, documents and Internet sites. To better understand the subject, for example, the city of Shiraz has been studied as part of the research and tables and maps have been used in this article.Results and discussion:      Various laws have been enacted so far regarding mortal lands, the most important of which has been the law on the abolition of ownership of vacant lands. According to the Shari'a rulings, the mortal land must be in the possession of the government, and for this reason, on 5/8/1358, the law on the abolition of ownership of urban mortal lands was approved by the Revolutionary Council. Shortly afterwards, the Urban Land Law was passed by the parliament in 1981 and then the Urban Land Law in 1987. Article 12 of the Urban Land Law leaves it to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development to determine the type of land to be barren or dead, which also performs this task by forming a commission called the Article 12 Commission. All relevant agencies that are in any way related to urban lands, are obliged to inquire with the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development about the type of land before taking the necessary measures, unless the type of land has already been specified. The procedure in the commission is as follows: first, the place of visit is visited and the necessary investigations are carried out, and after receiving the defenses of the owners and reviewing the documents and aerial maps, it proceeds to issue a vote. Given that the government is in dire need of adequate land within the cities to build housing and create welfare for its citizens, the decisions taken by the Article 12 Commission are very important; Because if it is determined that the land is mortal, these lands will be given to the government. Urban development is directly related to this issue; Because the more suitable and sufficient land is available to municipalities and related institutions, the greater the capacity to increase the level of welfare and services to citizens. For example, the level of welfare of citizens in one region of Shiraz is more than other regions, which was found in surveys, which in the above areas of the municipality has been able to create more urban facilities than other areas; This is due to the fact that in addition to the necessary budget, it requires sufficient, suitable and cheap land for the relevant institutions. Courts prevent, it is very important; But in practice, because the decisions of the commission can be appealed, in almost all cases, they are challenged by the parties, and the commission that was supposed to take the burden off the courts, the same cases are re-formed in the courts, and in a way In most cases, public confidence in the rulings of the courts is more apparent than citing the decisions of the commission. Litigation also comes at a cost to the protester again and prolongs the process of determining the type of land. The rulings issued by the courts to challenge the decisions of the Commission to annul them are in most cases different in similar cases, and the reason for these differences in the issuance of different rulings in similar cases was the lack of appropriate criteria in dealing with mortal lands. Of course, with the issuance of unanimous votes of various procedures, these differences have been reduced to some extent.Conclusion:        According to Article 12 of the Urban Land Law, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development is responsible for separating barren lands from dead lands. Therefore, by examining the function and competence of the commission in relation to this type of land, it leads us to the conclusion that the principles of fair trial in the commission are not in accordance with the current laws of the country and the procedure of different courts and this institution should be an administrative institution. Dedicate the dispute resolution procedure in accordance with the standards of today's judicial process so that differences of taste in the issuance of votes are minimized. The manner of handling in this institution does not meet the needs of the community, and perhaps in general, a fundamental review should be done in handling the cases covered by Article 12 of the Urban Land Law. The administrative body should be designed by reviewing the relevant laws, which should be more non-formal and its votes should be final. However, almost all incoming cases are referred to the Article 12 Urban Land Commission for appeal to a court of law, and in practice the formation of this convention is of no use except to impose exorbitant costs. Therefore, the institution to be designed must have the same power and jurisdiction as the court of law, while being non-formal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - Urban Development with an Approach to the Role of Local Government in Iran
Hojat Mahkouii Hasan Bavir

Today, development and independence within cities are among the main concerns of the rulers of various societies in the world. Paying attention to the affairs of cities in the age of globalization depends on strong and efficient management. This is not possible except b More

Today, development and independence within cities are among the main concerns of the rulers of various societies in the world. Paying attention to the affairs of cities in the age of globalization depends on strong and efficient management. This is not possible except by implementing the model of the local government and involving the people in their own urban affairs and realizing their citizenship rights. The main focus of underdevelopment problems in developing countries is cities. The increase in urban population and the continuous migration of villagers to densely populated cities have put severe pressure on urban infrastructure and prevented most of them from playing a favorable role in the development process in developing countries. Urban development depends heavily on urban infrastructure such as energy, roads and other resources. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method using library resources to examine the role and position of local government in the development of Iranian cities. The results of this article show that some cities in Iran do not have a beautiful urban space and appearance. Decisions are usually dictated to municipalities from the top down. In municipalities, the presence of experts in urban affairs and urban planning is very low. Due to the geographical features of Iran, the model of local government in urban management and urban development can be effective.Extended AbstractIntroductionSolving the problems of urban underdevelopment in developing countries is not the responsibility of the government alone. Necessities such as the inefficiency of government agencies, lack of financial resources and increasing people's desire to participate in the affairs and pressure of international organizations are the problems raised within cities. But the optimal activity within cities depends on the existence of appropriate conditions in the four areas of government, municipality, non-governmental organizations, and local government. Theoretically, the government, which does not have the capacity in the structure, policies and programs to accept the participation and cooperation of actors such as non-governmental organizations, obviously does not have much space for the activities of these organizations. The importance of urban issues has never been more apparent than it is today. Now, after centuries, cities are considered as the most important fruits of human technological, artistic, cultural and social efforts. [Currently] One of the factors that creates vitality and vitality in cities and towns is diversity in them. Different areas have different properties, activities, sizes, uses, and functions. Some places are lively and crowded and others are quiet and remote. In these cities there will be complex compositions: dense areas, memorial and open areas, soft areas (green space), hard areas (buildings), old areas, new areas, areas with tall buildings and areas with short buildings, shopping malls and Commercial, recreational and leisure areas, and this diversity must be recognized in order to define the relevant features of the areas.MethodologyThis article uses a descriptive-analytical method, using library resources and documents, and Internet sites, to ask the question, what is the role of local government in urban development in Iran? Provide the necessary answer; Accordingly, the research hypothesis is that the model of local government has not been formed in Iran and the development of cities does not have a favorable trend.Results and discussionThe role and functions of local government are subject to the discretion of the central government, which controls and expands the power of local government. The central government, usually under conditions of security, tranquility and high loyalty of local people to the central government on the one hand and increasing the volume of central government tasks, especially in simple and centralized governments and the development of bureaucracy and fear of dissatisfaction at the local level On the other hand, it seeks to transfer some of its tasks, responsibilities, and in other words, its power, especially in the executive dimension, to the local level. The distribution and transfer of such powers and responsibilities may be delegated to the male branch of local government (councils and local councils) or to the local government (governorates and government departments), or by a special policy between the two to distribute and regulate their relations. The main focus of underdevelopment problems in developing countries is cities. The increase in urban population and the continuous migration of villagers to densely populated cities have put severe pressure on urban infrastructure and prevented most of them from playing a favorable role in the development process in developing countries.Urban management in Iran has gone through many ups and downs and the way of governing cities in Iran has more than anything else, has a political and governmental aspect and the color and smell of civil life in it is faint and more than any phenomenon is a political process originating from the central government. Municipalities in Iran have a very limited and specific part of urban management. The administration of cities in Iran is very far from the city government. Even the presence of a number of people's representatives in city councils can not bring municipalities to the level of comprehensive urban management. The most important issues of city management from the perspective of municipalities is to meet some of the public needs of the city. Therefore, urban management in European countries, which acts as a governing body, is fundamentally different from urban management, which in Iran is the city monitoring and maintenance department (Latifi, 2008: 1-57). Of course, in Iran, due to the government's reliance on foreign oil revenues and the connection with the social structure and planning and management of affairs based on government-oriented and general policies based on providing material satisfaction of the people, municipalities in limited and specific areas of urban services such as transportation. Green space and urban health and cleanliness are responsible. Despite the importance of municipalities in providing municipal services, issues such as lack of sustainable revenue sources and inefficient administrative and technical system (and in the case of Iran, strong influence and dependence on the central government are added), these institutions largely fail to perform their duties properly. It has stopped in Iran and developing countries and caused them many problems.ConclusionConsidering the issues raised in this article, as well as the role that the local government model has been able to play in urban development and management in countries such as the United States, Canada, and France; It can be stated that the management that local government can have in different parts of a country, and with regard to functions such as: 1. Education; 2. Housing and land use; 3. Public transportation; 4. Local planning, development and development; 5. Health; 6. Recreational places and leisure; 7. Sports venues; 8. Welfare and social security and assistance to groups in need; 9. Municipal services; 10 Judgment and fight against crime; 11. Public security and law enforcement; 12. Public services, this model can play a positive role in urban development. Of course, these functions can also be implemented in the model of a simple government, but its implementation has not been seen in cities, apart from large cities and capitals, due to the experience of such countries, good efficiency and effectiveness. Although the implementation of the local government model has its advantages and disadvantages, but its advantages are more and play a significant role in urban development. As mentioned by models from European and Western countries, it was found that in such countries, the local government and the federal system were able to pay more attention to citizenship rights. There was also talk of urban development and management in Iran, it can be seen that cities in Iran do not have a beautiful urban space and appearance. Decisions are usually dictated to municipalities from the top down. In municipalities, the presence of experts in urban affairs and urban planning is very low. Even in the higher levels of urban management, it is seen with the lack of expertise and matching of university degrees in the field of urban planning and urban management with the intended job and position. According to the geographical features of Iran (cultural geography, economic geography, regional geography), the local government model in urban management and urban development can be effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - The Effect of Fiscal Policies on Labor Demand in Iran
Alireza mahmoodzadeh Mino Amini Milani Mohammad Sadegh Alipour

10.22034/amfa.2023.1975379.1836

The labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating More

The labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating employment and equilibrium in the labor market. This article evaluates the effect of fiscal policy on labor demand in Iran from 1976-2018. During this period, the government has implemented employment-generating projects, tax and insurance exemptions via annual development programs and budgets, and encouraged investment in areas with high unemployment rates. we examined the effect of current government expenditures, government development expenditures, and taxes to study the effect of government fiscal policies on labor demand. In this article, we estimate the dynamic function of labor demand using the ARDL technique. According to the theoretical foundations and empirical studies in the specified function, labor demand is a function of intermittent values and independent variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real wages, capital stock, current government expenditures, government development expenditures, tax revenues, and dummy variables of imposed war and the UN Security Council sanction. The results showed that fiscal policy has not had a positive effect on labor demand in the Iranian labor market in the short and long term. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

210 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Government Support for Iranian Automotive Industry
Rasoul Neyshabouri Parviz Saeidi Hosein Didekhani Mohammad Reza Hoseini

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Open Access Article

211 - Presenting a Conceptual Framework in the Entrepreneurial Strategic Factors of Government Managers (Managers of Isfahan Province)
Mahnaz Ghasemi Hosseinabadi Morteza MousaKhani Majid Ramezan

10.30495/jsm.2022.1972003.1705

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Open Access Article

212 - The Propellants Factors in Human Resource Agility based on Government Policies (Case Study: Iran Tax Affairs Organization)
Farhad Ghasemi Alireza Rezghi Rostami Rashid Zolfaghari Zaferani

10.30495/jsm.2023.1984681.1818

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Open Access Article

213 - Identifying and Ranking Technology-Telecommunications Context of Information Security anagement System in E-Government Using Fuzzy AHP Approach
Sana Javid Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi

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Open Access Article

214 - Evaluation and Comparison of Capital Structure of the Quasi-State-Owned Firms with Non-State-Owned Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeid Zanganeh Mostafa Ahmadzadeh

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Open Access Article

215 - Identifying effective and determining dimensions and components in designing a model of occupational safety and health management system in Iranian government organizations
esmaeil kahoori pour Aflatoon Amiri Saeed Sayadi

10.30495/imj.2022.1937508.1672

The purpose of this study is to identify the effective dimensions and components in designing a model of occupational safety and health management system for Iranian government organizations..This research is applied research and it is among the applications of developm More

The purpose of this study is to identify the effective dimensions and components in designing a model of occupational safety and health management system for Iranian government organizations..This research is applied research and it is among the applications of developmental research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group consisted of 30 experts and the second group consisted of all employees of governmental organizations in Kerman province with 77528 persons that the sample size in this area was determined using Cochran formula of 384 individuals. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity has been approved by experts and its reliability has been confirmed as such reliability of elements of organization space 0.994, management and leadership 0.738, planning and organization 0.779, deployment and implementation 0.971, evaluation 0.785 and the revision and improvement is 0.939. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Smart Pls.The above-mentioned research model also shows that all elements include organizational space, management and leadership, planning and organizing, deployment and implementation, evaluation and revision, and action to improve have a significant impact on occupational safety and health management system and all components except integration have significant impact on deployment and implementation elements.Comprehensibly, this model can be used as a tool for empowering managers with the knowledge of the occupational health and safety management system and its deployment in government agencies Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Analysis and presentation of a conceptual model of organizational culture components in Iranian non-governmental schools
parastoo Godarzi Abbas Bagheri

10.30495/ee.2022.1960453.1097

Introduction: Organizational culture is a set of assumptions, including values and beliefs that the employees of the organization discover and develop when confronting issues in order to achieve internal unity and cohesion. The purpose of this study was to analyze and p More

Introduction: Organizational culture is a set of assumptions, including values and beliefs that the employees of the organization discover and develop when confronting issues in order to achieve internal unity and cohesion. The purpose of this study was to analyze and present a conceptual model of organizational culture components in Iranian non-governmental schools. research methodology: After studying articles and books related to organizational culture, and conducting in-depth qualitative interviews and performing a systematic process of recording and analyzing data, the components of organizational culture were identified using the Delphi method. The sampling method was stratified purposive and the statistical population of the study consisted of 15 experts (professors and experts) in the field of organizational culture who were interviewed through snowball method until the theoretical saturation of the data was achieved in order to prevent dispersal of opinions. Findings: It included 7 main categories (educational system; school principal's leadership style; teachers' professional culture; students' culture; community and family culture; educational equipment and space and textbook content) and 58 sub-categories of organizational culture in non-governmental schools. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that in Iranian non-governmental schools, the presence of a capable principal who is familiar with the components of organizational culture can cause the emergence of creativity and new educational ideas and optimal implementation of educational tasks in accordance with regulations and instructions, while establishing friendly relations among employees and emphasizing teamwork.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - A comparative study of reward and punishing public affairs managers in the Alavi system with other common management systems
seyed yaser sajadi seyed yaser sajadi Mohamad Zyaaddini malike beheshtifar

If the employee performs his duties according to the law, he will be rewarded. And if he fulfills his responsibility incompletely or incorrectly. It is obvious that the person in charge will deal with him. But how should a manager deal with a good and bad agent? This is More

If the employee performs his duties according to the law, he will be rewarded. And if he fulfills his responsibility incompletely or incorrectly. It is obvious that the person in charge will deal with him. But how should a manager deal with a good and bad agent? This is where the weakness and strength of management is revealed. Ali (AS) in the field of cognition, knowledge and action. management and looking at a specific management area. It was not, and in line with the basis of Islam, it had more of an educational aspect, this comparative research is an analysis of the similarities and differences between encouraging and punishing agents in the common administrative system and the government system of Ali (AS).Library and software studies with the narrative, historical and practical course of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) and today's common management revealed keywords with semantic connection with three basic indicators, methods and strategies of rewards and reprimands, which in the approval patterns ,refinement ,development and establishment were adapted, the key items in the acceptance model are approved and care should be taken to maintain and strengthen them, the trimming items must be corrected, also in refinement Items should be added and expanded, and in the emergent pattern, it should be focused on items that did not exist or were forgotten. The results of this research can be a good indicator for managers to improve the situation of encouragement and punishment in today's management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - Presenting a native model of organizational accountability in Iranian government organizations, taking into account the role of organizational and individual factors
Yosouf Ahmadi Helen Ebrahimi Ghaleh Ghazi

Organizational accountability in government institutions is one of the most important challenges facing the country. Due to the lack of a clear and competitive process, government agencies are generally at a very low level in terms of organizational accountability. This More

Organizational accountability in government institutions is one of the most important challenges facing the country. Due to the lack of a clear and competitive process, government agencies are generally at a very low level in terms of organizational accountability. This is why designing a model that examines the factors affecting organizational accountability is of great importance. In order to achieve this, this study has examined organizational accountability in Iranian government organizations by considering the role of organizational and individual factors. The research method is qualitative and the content analysis method is qualitative. The present study, like any other research, is a library review of the related literature, and also the organizational accountability approach is based on individual and organizational factors in order to classify and present the structure based on past research. To review and answer the research question, an interview with a group of experts is conducted. They will be selected based on the method of judgmental sampling and snowball. The adequacy index of the number of interviews is the theoretical saturation based on which the researcher concludes that more interviews will not add more information to the current interview reserves and finally the final qualitative model based on causal, strategic, intervening, contextual and outcome factors. The title of final factors was presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Architecture of strategic talent management process of employees in government organizations, application of Delphi approach
Mohammad Montazeri Ensieh Barkhordari Ahmadi

Nowadays, technological and economic infrastructures are not the only competitive advantage of organizations. Having talented people can ensure the sustainable development and growth of organizations. The role of strategic talent management in government organizations i More

Nowadays, technological and economic infrastructures are not the only competitive advantage of organizations. Having talented people can ensure the sustainable development and growth of organizations. The role of strategic talent management in government organizations in the development of employees' job skills is vital and essential, and without effective talent management in the organization, we will see a loss of organizational resources. Government agencies are generally at a very low level in terms of talent management due to the lack of a clear and competitive process. This is why designing a model that examines the factors affecting the talent management of employees is of great importance. In order to achieve this, this study has examined the talent management of employees in Iranian government organizations. The research method is qualitative and Delphi method. The present study, like any other research, is a library review of the relevant literature, and also the management of staff aptitude in order to classify and present the structure based on previous research. To review and answer the research question, an interview with a group of experts is conducted. They will be selected based on the method of judgmental sampling and snowball. The adequacy index of the number of interviews is the theoretical saturation based on which the researcher concludes that more interviews will not add more information to the current reserves of the interviews and finally the final qualitative model based on causal, strategic, intervening, contextual factors. And outcome were presented as final factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

220 - Review of Changes in the Iranian Housing Sector in the Recent Century
Rostam Saberifar

The configuration, functional, and economic changes of the housing sector over the past 100 years have been to a degree that has affected all aspects of the lives of Iranians, and it has always been a matter of principle for experts and even ordinary people, which facto More

The configuration, functional, and economic changes of the housing sector over the past 100 years have been to a degree that has affected all aspects of the lives of Iranians, and it has always been a matter of principle for experts and even ordinary people, which factors are influencing these changes? This study seeks to investigate changes in the field of housing using a descriptive and analytical method in the form of documentary approaches. Given the main approach of the research, the required data have been collected using public censuses, central bank, and other official institutions and have been analyzed using general policy assessment, five-year plans, and political as well as social developments. The findings showed that in the past century, the housing sector in Iran, either in terms of changes in consumer goods and technology, or in terms of variety and number, as well as its position and function, has changed radically in the economic basket of households, while governments have not only failed to manage these developments, but instead of taking comprehensive plans, they have applied reactive and defective policies and made the problems more complicated. Manuscript profile

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221 - Investigate the effect of Good Governor on Developing of Entrepreneurship in the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
Hadi Abolfathi

The aim of the current applied, Investigate the effect of Good Governor on Developing of Entrepreneurship in the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran. The research population comprised 350000 students in in the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran out of More

The aim of the current applied, Investigate the effect of Good Governor on Developing of Entrepreneurship in the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran. The research population comprised 350000 students in in the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran out of whom a sample 384 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 3 factors and 44 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and spirman used indicated that Good Governor had a significant effect on Developing of Entrepreneurship in the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - The model of e-government capability to promote organizational trust and the moderating role of organizational social responsibility
Adeleh Sadeghi Moghaddam Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei مهدی Tojari

10.30495/kmsj.2021.685995

The purpose of this study is to determine the e-government capability model on promoting the institutional trust of the organization and the moderating role of ethical responsibility in the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This descriptive-correlational stud More

The purpose of this study is to determine the e-government capability model on promoting the institutional trust of the organization and the moderating role of ethical responsibility in the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 110 experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth who were simple randomly selected (lottery). The instruments used were demographic questionnaire, "E-Government Questionnaire", " Organizational Trust Questionnaire " and "Corporate Moral Responsibility Questionnaire". Face and content validity by qualitative method approved and convergence of questionnaires and reliability by internal consistency method were evaluated and confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.8 and composite reliability. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS. 18 and PLS. 23. The value of t-statistic was 18.34 for the relationship between e-government and organizational trust with the mediating role of social responsibility. The values of standard coefficients of e-government path on social responsibility, social responsibility on organizational trust and e-government on organizational trust through social responsibility were reported to be 0.514 positive. There is a positive and significant correlation between the ability of e-government to promote organizational trust. The variable of social responsibility in the relationship between e-government capability on organizational trust plays a relative moderating role. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - On Politics in Islam: a non-state-based inquiry
Hamid Malekzadeh Maryam Shamsaei

In this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamen More

In this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamental concept of lifestyle. In this framework, we will try to show how this neither the Islamic state, whether it is the prophet of the Prophet or the Imam of the innocent, or whether the Shi'a or Sunni cleric, but the Muslim soul, was in the way of life or form of It is a question of joining the world that represents the religion of Islam as a political entity. We will discuss the ways of joining the world and the specific system of physical control that make different political identities by studying prayer and its logical interactions. We will finally show how prayer, especially as a collective sanction, is a form of identity or political distinction. We will try to study the relationship between the concept of friendship, its Aristotelian meaning, and prayer-related politics. We will also show how prayer, like other religious practices, can be in the form of collective relations as a democratic basis for forming political identity, or as we see in the radical Democracy of Chantal Moff. We will try to turn the concept of prayer into the theoretical foundation for formulating the concept of a socially Muslim way in a political recitation of Islam. Manuscript profile

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224 - Measuring political efficiency in the Rouhani government based on the indicators of the rule of law and the legitimacy of the executive branch
Sharareh Abdolhoseinzadeh Ali ali hoseini Siamak Bahrami

One of the most important things to know the government is to measure its efficiency. Efficiency expresses the degree of success of the government, especially in the executive branch, to achieve its specific goals, and it also expresses the degree of its effectiveness, More

One of the most important things to know the government is to measure its efficiency. Efficiency expresses the degree of success of the government, especially in the executive branch, to achieve its specific goals, and it also expresses the degree of its effectiveness, which comes about through different institutions and with different mechanisms. In this research, Rouhani's government, known as the government of prudence and hope, has been examined considering two important indicators of rule of law and legitimacy. The main question of this research is how the efficiency of the government, based on two indicators of rule of law and legitimacy, was measured in Rouhani's government and how was it? This research, using descriptive-analytical method, has come to the conclusion that in the field of rule of law index, Rouhani's performance was always in the red state and his limited efforts to improve the existing indicators in this field were met with failure. Regarding the legitimacy of the Rouhani government, it was related to the position of the general public. At this point, the majority of Iranian citizens reached the stage of indifference towards the country's political issues, especially participation in the elections, due to the weak management performance of the government and the type of protests faced in 1996-1998. Manuscript profile

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225 - The relationship between justice and freedom in Mohammadreza Hakimi's political thought
Bahram Akhavan kazemi Mona hamidinasab

Justice and freedom are the basic concepts of human society, and the relationship between these two has always been the focus of political science thinkers. What is more than the case analysis of these problematic concepts, is the analysis of these two concepts in relat More

Justice and freedom are the basic concepts of human society, and the relationship between these two has always been the focus of political science thinkers. What is more than the case analysis of these problematic concepts, is the analysis of these two concepts in relation to each other, which has become the place for different opinions and different schools. One of the thinkers of the present age who does not consider the issue of justice as the basic axis of a religious society to achieve happiness is Mohammad Reza Hakimi. He, who is a follower of the separation school, put the center of gravity of his thought on the element of justice and considers all the political, social and economic relations of the Islamic government to be affected and consistent in the way he interacts with this element. What the author's opinion suggests is to examine the position of this element in relation to another concept such as freedom. Why, as societies become more complex, it becomes more difficult to talk about justice, freedom, and the relationship between the two in various areas of social life and macro-social structures. The importance of this issue raises the need to pay attention to Islamic and indigenous thoughts, which can pave the way for drawing a road map that is more suitable for the life and political life of Islamic societies. Based on this, in response to the question, what is the relationship between these two components in Allameh Hakimi's view? It can be said that in his view there is a direct and consistent relationship between the two elements of justice and freedom; In such a way that if there is no freedom, it will not be possible to achieve justice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - Analysis of the components of physical governmentality in Mirza Malekom Khan's political thought
bigom naseri Somayeh Hamidi Hossain farzanepour

The structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The i More

The structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The intellectuals of this period knew the reasons for the backwardness of the country and the progress of the West in the differences between the foundations of the governmentality. Among these intellectuals is Mirza Malekom Khan. He sought to lay the groundwork for government reform in Iran. Thus, he tried to correct the shortcomings and make the political system more efficient by criticizing power, and this led to the comparison of the pre-modern, pre-modern society and authoritarian government with the democratic and legitimate West. This descriptive-analytical method and using the main text of Malkom Khan's works seeks to analyze the principles of modern governmentality in his mind and explain the transition to mechanical rule based on law and order in the mind of this intellectual. The result of the present article is that Malkom Khan was a pioneer and propagandist of modernism and considered the solution to get out of Iran's backwardness in adhering to the monarchy, following the idea of freedom and the rule of law and accepting the modern system of government. Manuscript profile

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227 - Government actions in creating cyber security
taybeh balvardi motahareh tayari poor ahmadi

The capabilities and facilities of the cyberspace have caused many countries to show great interest in using this space to facilitate the administration of their societies, the dependence of the countries of the world on this space cannot always be considered as an oppo More

The capabilities and facilities of the cyberspace have caused many countries to show great interest in using this space to facilitate the administration of their societies, the dependence of the countries of the world on this space cannot always be considered as an opportunity, and the threats that are made against the cyber space of a country can create irreparable risks for the governments. The cyber space of the Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception to this rule and has witnessed two waves of cyber attacks by the United States in recent years. The presented analysis indicates that in recent years, cyber threats against the country have specifically targeted sensitive infrastructures, especially in the fields of nuclear technologies. Therefore, in the coming years, the Islamic Republic of Iran will face the spread of such attacks in the field of cyber space. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is becoming a "network society", needs to prepare itself to deal with possible threats in this area. The purpose of the current research is "the duty of the government in creating cyber security . the obtain result show that the occurrence of cyber threats is certain due to the high effectiveness and extent and eage of use of the variety of tools and method it should create a fundamental change in the cyber space and its development with culture building infrastructure development technical measures and management to ensure the countrys cyber security the creation of cyber operational units in Manuscript profile

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228 - Examining the position of the right to a healthy environment in international law
farzaneh dashti Ehsan Roham

The right to a healthy environment is one of the basic human rights. This right actually reflects high values such as the right to life, the right to health, and the right to live with a standard, and it is closely related to the prerequisites for the continuation of th More

The right to a healthy environment is one of the basic human rights. This right actually reflects high values such as the right to life, the right to health, and the right to live with a standard, and it is closely related to the prerequisites for the continuation of the life of the current generation and future generations. In fact, this right is in accordance with the collective requirements and today the necessity of raising this right has caused more attention to be paid to it. In this regard, many international documents, both binding and non-binding, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, explicitly and implicitly emphasize the right to a healthy environment. In this article, which is done with a descriptive-analytical method, we have tried to examine and recognize this right by emphasizing human rights. The results of the present research show that despite the fact that several laws have been passed in order to protect the environment and in each of the international documents the right to the environment has been emphasized in some way, it has not been enough. Therefore, this requires a global and comprehensive effort to achieve an ideal in this regard. Manuscript profile

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229 - The Role of Prevention in The "Responsibility to Protect" Doctrine with emphasis on the Primary Responsibility of States
Karim Mohammadi Hibatullah Nejandi Manesh Soudeh Shamlou

Numerous deadly conflicts and human tragedies occur in the authority domain of national sovereignty. The doctrine of "responsibility to protect" (R2P) has primarily entrusted governments with the responsibility of preventing human crises by implementing some basic (stru More

Numerous deadly conflicts and human tragedies occur in the authority domain of national sovereignty. The doctrine of "responsibility to protect" (R2P) has primarily entrusted governments with the responsibility of preventing human crises by implementing some basic (structural) measures, which, if carried out, will essentially prevent crises from happening or prevent their recurrence through a series of long-term structural adjustments. Many human crises stem from undue discrimination, poverty, and social, political, and economic inequality. A question rises here: what are the paramount fundamental preventive measures for which the government is responsible? The research findings show that the most important preventive measures to be taken by governments for good governance include respecting human rights, promoting social and economic development, promoting a sense of solidarity among ethnic groups, preventing environmental destruction, and boosting power regarding public security. Preventing conflicts and human disasters is not a mere local or national issue. Success in prevention generally requires solid support from the international community. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

230 - Pathology of resolving disputes between executive bodies with the internal mechanisms of the executive branch within the framework of Article 134 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
parviz kohandel moein sabahi Tayebe Balvardi Abolfazl jafargholi khani

AbstractInvestigations show that the government has long sought to de-judge and internalize the method of quick, specialized, legal and cost-free resolution of disputes of a non-judicial nature between the executive bodies under its management and the internal mechanism More

AbstractInvestigations show that the government has long sought to de-judge and internalize the method of quick, specialized, legal and cost-free resolution of disputes of a non-judicial nature between the executive bodies under its management and the internal mechanisms of the executive branch within the framework of Article 134 and in compliance with Article 159 of the Constitution and this policy was implemented in the form of approvals of the Council of Ministers and by drafting regulations on how to resolve disputes between executive bodies by the governors and the legal assistant of the president and including the prohibition of paying government funds to raise disputes between ministries and government institutions in judicial proceedings. The country's annual budget has been followed and implemented. However, due to the lack of legal infrastructures and the lack of planning for coherent administrative and executive structures in the governorates, no significant results have been achieved. Therefore, in this research, which is organized in a descriptive-analytical and library method, while identifying the obstacles, strengths and weaknesses, ambiguity, silence, contradiction and conflict in the existing laws and regulations, we have tried to find solutions to empower, modify and revise the process. We present the law for resolving disputes between the executive bodies and the internal mechanisms of the executive branch. Manuscript profile

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231 - The legitimacy of The Taliban Government : viewe point of International law
Akbar saavari samane rahmatifar shahram zarneshan

Abstract:The establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban group in this country, despite the complete occupation of the country's territory and the domination over the people and public institutions, has created many challenges for the internationa More

Abstract:The establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban group in this country, despite the complete occupation of the country's territory and the domination over the people and public institutions, has created many challenges for the international community. In the new era of dominating and ruling Afghanistan (2021), this group has continued its previous methods in facing the people and neighbors, which is influenced by global public opinion and the security concerns of other governments and institutions. Internationally, it has also brought legitimacy crisis for this government. In fact, the question of what the Taliban's willingness and ability to comply with international commitments will lead to, in front of the Afghan people and the international community, has created the main question of the current research; what is the position of traditional and modern international law regarding the recognition and performance of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban government)? The research method of this survey is comparative-descriptive and the method of collecting data is library. The result of this research shows that: the components of the legitimacy of a state from the view point of modern international law, compared to the era before it, i.e. classical international law, have found obvious differences, and the international community, until Resolving human rights and humanitarian concerns, security concerns and fear of terrorist acts, recognizing people's right to self-determination and applying good governance practices and internationally well-known standards, will not recognize the Islamic government of Taliban. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

232 - The National legitimacy of governments in the regional unions procedures
Akbar saavari samane rahmatifar shahram zarnashan

Abstract:This research has been done to investigate the legitimacy and evolution process of the concept of government legitimacy by regional unions. Since the most obvious component of legitimacy is respect for human rights, on this basis, the government is evaluated ba More

Abstract:This research has been done to investigate the legitimacy and evolution process of the concept of government legitimacy by regional unions. Since the most obvious component of legitimacy is respect for human rights, on this basis, the government is evaluated based on the rights, discipline and security that it establishes for the people and by the people. So, nowadays the governments stablished based on illegal ways like coups, aggressions and ethnic and racial discrimination are facing the crisis of legitimacy to public opinion. Especially by formation of regional unions, the components of national legitimacy of governments have evolved.In order to carry out the research, the following question is raised: how have the components of national legitimacy of the government evolved in the procedure of regional unions and what impact has it had on modern international law? To answer this question the research method is comparative-descriptive and library-based. The result shows that not only the effective control of a government is not considered the basis of national legitimacy, but also democratic methods and tools in reaching power as well as the ability of national governments to establish stability in society based on respect for human rights and basic freedoms of citizens in the procedure of regional unions has been identified Manuscript profile

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233 - Feasibility of employment rights of disabled citizens from perspectiveSubject laws and international documents
hedieh sadat mirtorabi ehsan aghamohamadaghaee khatereh ghasemi

On the one hand, the right to employment of the disabled is a concern of most general and special human rights documents, both international and regional, based on citizenship considerations, and on the other hand, due to the specific physical and mental requirements of More

On the one hand, the right to employment of the disabled is a concern of most general and special human rights documents, both international and regional, based on citizenship considerations, and on the other hand, due to the specific physical and mental requirements of citizens, it may require special commitment from the governments. , based on behavioral considerations and support requirements. In the meantime, the principle of equal employment opportunity and the principle of prohibition of discrimination, which are the most fundamental principles in all human rights documents and domestic laws, target the government as a responsible and committed institution, and it means that the government's commitment in the field of disabled people's rights is justified Positive discrimination requires a reinterpretation of rights and duties. In Iran's legal system, according to the comprehensive law on the comprehensive protection of the rights of the disabled, almost all governmental, semi-governmental bodies and organizations, public and revolutionary institutions and even sometimes private and non-profit organizations are required to provide cultural, economic, social and educational support to the disabled citizens. The title of the first law, which has such a broad view on the issues of the disabled, is important. Despite this, shortcomings are observed in the implementation of policies and laws, including the employment of disabled citizens in jobs that they have the talent and ability to do because they do not have the appearance accepted by the society. Manuscript profile

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234 - effectiveness transformational leadership on Innovative work behavior with emphasizing the mediating role of scouting behavior.
Maryam Dehghan Morteza Movaghar Aboalhassan Hosseini

Purpose: Therefore, this research examines the impact of transformational leadership on innovative behavior in environmental NGO and for innovation in research, added a mediator variables scouting. Design/methodology/approach: This study was done with a quantity and Pr More

Purpose: Therefore, this research examines the impact of transformational leadership on innovative behavior in environmental NGO and for innovation in research, added a mediator variables scouting. Design/methodology/approach: This study was done with a quantity and Practical approach.The statistical population of this study are members of environmental NGO in mazandaran province. two-step sampling method was used to determine the sample. First, among of 20 NGOs,19 NGOs were randomly selected, Then, used krejcie and morgan table for Sample size that calculated 301 Sample of 1382 member 19 environmental NGO in mazandaran province. To measure variable used from the standard questionnaire. 301 online questionnaires were answered. data were analized using SPSS and PLS software. Findings : transformational leadership, to 2.103 t-value and 0.114 p-value effect in innovative work behavior. transformational leadership to 5.807 t-value and 0.376 p-value effect in scouting behavior. scouting behavior to 13.236t-value and 0.695 p-value effect in innovative work behavior The findings of this research clearly demonstrate, scouting behavior is mediation of transformational leadership on the effects of innovative work behavior. Results: There is a positive and significant relationship,between transformational leadership, innovative work behavior and scouting behavior. Therefore,suggested that managers with a transformational leadership style, create a good atmosphere for increasing the scouting behavior in organization, and thus, increase the motivation of employees to innovative work behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

235 - Explaining Human Resource Strategies and Talent Management of Government Organizations in Iran and Presenting a Desirable Model
Sedigheh Hasani Ahmadiyeh Alireza Manzari Tavakoli Sanjar Salajegheh

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

236 - The Impact of the Tourism Sector Policies in the Ninth and Tenth Boards of Government on Urban form and Structure of Mashhad Using Discourse Theory
Sara Jalali Zohreh Davoudpour Manouchehr Tabibian

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237 - The Role of Government in Shaping the Spatial Structure of Isfahan City during the Safavid period
Lehon Asadi Hossein Soltanzadeh

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238 - Study of institutional Collaboration in the management Structure of the City Regions Case Study: Process of determining the city of Qazvin Growth boundaries.
Mohammad Sheikhi Nazanin delnavaz Elham Nazari

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239 - Evaluating quality of Education: a participatory approach to confront challenges faced by nongovernmental higher education system in the third millennium
mehrnoush pazargadi mohammad salehi

As a reliable approach in nongovernmental higher education system, the aim of the present study is to internally evaluate the quality of education in mathematics department at Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch to reveal different aspects of the system in the depar More

As a reliable approach in nongovernmental higher education system, the aim of the present study is to internally evaluate the quality of education in mathematics department at Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch to reveal different aspects of the system in the department under study and try to improve education and research quality. The research method is an applied one and is of descriptive kind. The statistical society includes five sub-groups: the head of the department, members of the faculty, alumni, and library clerks. Research instruments include questionnaire, interview, and checklist. To evaluate the quality of the department, the questions were developed based on the goal and objectives of the department, and appropriate factors, standards and indices. The validity of the instruments applied was determined by Cronbach’s Alpha. In general, based on the findings the quality the department was relatively satisfactory and calculated to be 2/14 on likert scale. Manuscript profile

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240 - The role of shies faghihs and Motakallmins (lecturers) in development of shiesm in Fourth century
morteza mousave

The fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of  some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods More

The fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of  some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods in shies history . befor this period ,  Sunni religion was the  major religion . But in forth century with the emergence of shies states: like Boyid in Iran, Egypt , Yemen zydynid Hamdanid and Alavid in Tabarestan ate. The emergence of shies states and the attempt of shias Ulama are two important and Fundamental Factor in development and expansion of shiism. The role of Faghihs and lecturers in collecting Hadith training students (Talabeh), developing jurisprudence and theology activity against innaveliascands, Fundation of scientific centres and schools, utilization of public facilities for religious purpose all regarded as the main reason for development of shiessm in this period Manuscript profile

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241 - Development of administration system in history of Iran and Mesopotamia.
ebrahim halajiyan

The life of human always has been integrated with organization and administrating. Management as the science of administration has been mixed and appeared by the theoretical and operational principles. The structure of administration system of Iran has been originated f More

The life of human always has been integrated with organization and administrating. Management as the science of administration has been mixed and appeared by the theoretical and operational principles. The structure of administration system of Iran has been originated from the forming and building of the families, tribes, nations, Empires and governments. Which was based on two approaches, centralization and decentralization? One of the important factors determining the growth and development of a country is the insight and thinking way of its administration view of scientists and politicians. The present study investigates: The administration thoughts and development and evolutions administration       system             during the       Hakha's            Dynasty           Unitil   the constitulitinal revolution of Iran and its changing this period. The thoughts, believes, approaches and models of administration system of Hakha's, Sasani's, Saljuk's, Safavid's and Gujar's. For convenience time period is divided into three periods and its section. In each one or two instances and administrative thoughts representing the administration thoughts system of time politicians and scientist's are offered.  Manuscript profile

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242 - Internal Quality Evaluation of experimental science disciplinary in Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch in order to provide strategies for improving quality
sadradin satari

The present research is an internal quality evaluation of experimental science disciplinary in Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch to determine and promote quality of education and research. The research is an applied research. It employed survry method to gather da More

The present research is an internal quality evaluation of experimental science disciplinary in Islamic Azad University, Ardebil Branch to determine and promote quality of education and research. The research is an applied research. It employed survry method to gather data. The statistical population included the head of the department, faculty members, students, graduates, library staff. A questionnaire, interview and a check-list were used to collect data.  The instruments were content validated.  The reliability was determined by Cronbach’s Alpha test. The results of this research show that the quality is at a satisfactory level.  Manuscript profile

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243 - Baluch people and Collapse of Isfahan
رزیتا ناظری حسن حضرتی حمید کرمی پور

Abstract Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of More

Abstract Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of Baluch people. The reason that encouraged Baluch people to join Afghans to attack Isfahan, in addition to their common religion, was the oppression of Shi'a government of Safavid on these disgraced people. Therefore, Baluch people decided to attack Isfahan to take revenge of several years rancor, and they gave positive response to request of Afghans and they caused the collapse of Isfahan. The present study aims to investigate the factors led to Baluch people move toward Isfahan and cause the collapse of Isfahan. It also aims to respond the question that which factors and incentives caused that Afghans and Baluch people cooperate and why this cooperation and alliance collapsed. This study aims to solve the complexities and provide right and appropriate response to these questions relying on resources and studies, and studying factors caused attack of Baluch people to Isfahan and its impact on collapse of this city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

244 - An analysis of Nader Shah Afshar's " Immigration policy ", the reasons and consequences
mohammad faridi masomeh gharadaghi maghsudal sadeghi monireh kazemirashed

Abstract The displacement of the tribes and the inhabitants of the states and provinces or their elders into different parts of the country was one of Nader Shah's constant politics, which continued from the beginning to the end of his life. This paper, using a descript More

Abstract The displacement of the tribes and the inhabitants of the states and provinces or their elders into different parts of the country was one of Nader Shah's constant politics, which continued from the beginning to the end of his life. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting data through the library, seeks to answer the following questions why Nader Shah took this policy? What was its consequences for the Afshari government? It has come to the conclusion that immigration policy was carried out for various reasons, including tribal punishment or consolidation of the foundations of government, but displaced persons did not feel at all in the new region, and dissatisfaction such as blood poisoning and Infected, in the veins of the community,this factor, which was one of the features of Nadir Shah Afshar's country, was very effective in the uprising of this period, along with other factors, such as the lack of political legitimacy and the attempts by the domestic astronomers and foreign governments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

245 - The Evolution of Government Discourse in the Constitutional Era and Reza Shah: A Reverse Process
Mojtaba Hoseyni Fereydoun Akbarzadeh Hamed Ameri Golestani Rohollah Shahabi

The government was one of the most important institutions in the contemporary history of Iran, which was considered in the discourse of modernity, and its transformation soon occupied the minds of Iranian modernists. The first attempts to change it were formulated by Ma More

The government was one of the most important institutions in the contemporary history of Iran, which was considered in the discourse of modernity, and its transformation soon occupied the minds of Iranian modernists. The first attempts to change it were formulated by Malcolm Khan during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah with the discourse of "orderly independent state" and did not succeed and remained as planned, but the idea remained that one could not modernize without a strong government. This idea also entered the constitutional discourse, and although the constitution sought to limit the state, it had in its heart the idea of a powerful state, and with its inability to create it, and the turmoil that arose after the constitution, Reza Shah's absolute government over It worked, which was the reverse process of creating an absolute state. Considering the discourse method, this article seeks to address the question of why the process of state transformation in this period was reversed and the absolute state emerged after the pre-constitutional period, and the most important result is that One is the imperfection of the new state-building process in the Nasserite era, and the other is the inability of constitutionalism in state-building, despite its tools, including the constitution, to be the reasons for this reverse process. Manuscript profile

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246 - The reasons for Zoroastrians joining the Gholjai rebels and their role in the fall of Isfahan
رزیتا ناظری hassan hazraty hamid karamipour

Throughout history, governments have generally been formed in convergence with the religion of the majority of society and from this point of view, due to the government's tendency and emphasis on a particular religion, religious minorities were exposed to neglect More

Throughout history, governments have generally been formed in convergence with the religion of the majority of society and from this point of view, due to the government's tendency and emphasis on a particular religion, religious minorities were exposed to neglect or sometimes restrictions and pressure; As the followers of Zoroastrianism in Sassanid Iran had the privilege of participating in power and benefiting from its benefits, but due to the change of religion of the majority of the people after Islam, their status was changed to a religious minority group. Dealing and facing with this Iranian minority by rulers and religious groups has been accompanied by ups and downs. During the Safavid era, they were sometimes treated peacefully and sometimes they were under pressure and were deprived of social rights. The harshness that was imposed on Zoroastrians at the end of the Safavid period caused them to sympathize with the Gholjai Afghans, who were considered as minority within the Iranian society, which it led to the fall of the Safavid government. In this research, the reasons for Zoroastrians joining the Gholjai rebels as one of the religious minorities of the Safavid era, and their role in the fall of Isfahan have been investigated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

247 - The history of government and governance from the perspective of Persian poetry (based on the poems of Ferdowsi, Rumi, Saadi and Hafez)
alimohammad Jehani Ali Eshghi Sardehi Abolghasem amirahmadi

10.30495/hstr.2023.1982622.1845

The poems of the great poets reflect the conditions of their time, and in the meantime, due to the closeness of the poets to the rulers, as well as being sympathetic to the people and coming from the body of the society, the behavior of the rulers and their type of gove More

The poems of the great poets reflect the conditions of their time, and in the meantime, due to the closeness of the poets to the rulers, as well as being sympathetic to the people and coming from the body of the society, the behavior of the rulers and their type of government is clearly manifested in the works of the great poets of this land. Rulers have a significant impact on reforming or corrupting the society and, as a result, the lifestyle. Tyranny rule is an act of corrupting the lifestyle, and in order to reform the society, the government must be reformed. In the history of Iran's past government, the people were the herd and the ruler or the king was the shepherd, which is clearly evident in the hadiths of the elders. Another important point is that the power of a government comes from its popular support, and the ruler is actually the trustee of this valuable support, which he should be grateful. In this article, using the library method and using the works and documents of the discussed poets, including Ferdowsi, Rumi, Saadi and Hafez, as well as the works of prominent scholars who have addressed these great men of Persian literature, indicators of the history of government and governance were identified and be introduced. Manuscript profile

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248 - Investigating the religious and social consequences of the entry of Muslim Arabs into Central Asia until the end of the Umayyad dynasty
Ali Asghar Ahmadi Nabi Mansoor Amani عبدالعزیز موحد

10.30495/hstr.2023.1978773.1831

The arrival of Islam in Central Asia can be considered one of the most important historical events of this land. Although the religion of Islam entered this land in the second half of the first century of Hijri, but its spread lasted for a long time. According to histor More

The arrival of Islam in Central Asia can be considered one of the most important historical events of this land. Although the religion of Islam entered this land in the second half of the first century of Hijri, but its spread lasted for a long time. According to historical documents, after Islam entered the Central Asian region, it was gradually accepted by the people and all sections of the society, and it did not take long for Islam to bring tremendous changes in various fields to the people across the Nile under the shadow of the uplifting teachings of Islam after the construction Mosques and cultural centers of prominent personalities were cultivated across the river, and this issue caused the people of the region to achieve such a level of growth and development in a short period of time that they became one of the largest scientific and cultural centers of the Islamic world. Also, the arrival of the Muslim Arabs in the Trans-Nahar region caused new developments in the social field, so that with the settlement of the Arabs and the mixing of the Arab tribes with the natives, the social fabric of the society was completely changed. In fact, the entry of Islam into Central Asia had various consequences, which this research seeks to identify and investigate. The researcher intends to answer this question, what were the religious and social consequences of the introduction of Islam to Central Asia until the end of the Umayyad dynasty? Manuscript profile

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249 - A survey of the effective factors on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Ilkhans and West
Omid Omid Sepehri Rad

Defeat of Hulegu Khan at the battle of Ayn Jalut (658 AH / 1260 AD) cause to tend the Ilkhans and Christian Europe state to establish and expand diplomatic, military and economic relations. Before encountering Ilkhans to resistance of Mamluks at syria, not Mongols  More

Defeat of Hulegu Khan at the battle of Ayn Jalut (658 AH / 1260 AD) cause to tend the Ilkhans and Christian Europe state to establish and expand diplomatic, military and economic relations. Before encountering Ilkhans to resistance of Mamluks at syria, not Mongols  paid attention to the pop and European ststes envoys، nor Europeans confidence to the Mongols.              Ayn Jalut defeated and failur of  next invasions of Ilkhans to the syria and Access to power of mamluks in Egypt and  syria and theirs effort to drive out Crusade from the coast of Palestin and attacks on  Lesser Armenia، led to European states sought to attract  friendship of  Ilkhanate.             Review of available resources shows، Conflict with a common enemy caused the Relationship between Ilkhans  and  pop and European  stste.   Manuscript profile

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250 - Omavi Governance; Tribe Prejudice and Expedient Reign
aliakbar abbasi

Omavain strongly controlled and ruled all over Islamic territory during 132 - 141 h.a .exception to some minor events such as Ebn-E-Zobeir's riot, Abdoraman- Ebn- Mohamad- Ebn-Ashas's disobedience or Harith- Bin-Soriezh's challenge, they were so successful in keeping a More

Omavain strongly controlled and ruled all over Islamic territory during 132 - 141 h.a .exception to some minor events such as Ebn-E-Zobeir's riot, Abdoraman- Ebn- Mohamad- Ebn-Ashas's disobedience or Harith- Bin-Soriezh's challenge, they were so successful in keeping a secure government. There were different conditions by the time of Aboumoslem's riot and Abasian's movement.  Omavain government treats meagerly to serious and dangerous movement and ignores tribe prejudice and even selects the governors and major chairmen based on merit and in an exactly intensive process though not to the case of Abasian's movement. Using Ziad - Bin-Obeih (as a traditional challenger of Moavia's government) to control Kofa Sheas, appointing Hojjaj- Bin-Uesef to clear the reminded signs of Bin-Zobair's seven-years uprising, emphasizing on Mohallab Ezdi Yamani to defeat Khavarej's fearful riots, using Qhotaibe- Bin- Muslim's talent to develop their borders in Central Asia and also using some other Barbar military leader's capabilities to conquer Andolous are some strategic policies of  Omavain government that conclude to endurance of their governance and are intended based on politics and predictable decision making.  It is caused to have a long-time emperor in vast land from China to Spain. It should be noted that they prefer keeping government rather than devoting major chairs and titles to their own tribe men or their family and this is the main reason for their endurance.  Manuscript profile

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251 - Early abbassid and challenges in the path of Imamat
mohammad kazem tabatabay ali reza bahrami

The Abbasids formed during the late fist century (AH), using anti-Omavid feelings prevalent at that time. To stabilize their government, Abassids resorted to different means to attract the most popular currents of thoughts. They used political, religious, and cultural m More

The Abbasids formed during the late fist century (AH), using anti-Omavid feelings prevalent at that time. To stabilize their government, Abassids resorted to different means to attract the most popular currents of thoughts. They used political, religious, and cultural means to legitimize their government. Once stabilized, they deny people the privileges given to them. Their influence led some Shiites not to recognize their Imam. Manuscript profile

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252 - Foreing relations with south and southwest Arabs at khosroparviz era.
ali mokhtari

Arab clan have been settled in south and southwest borders of sasanis property.Their good neighbour  hood issues in one hand,and sasanis fendency to extention toward Shamat and north Africa in other hand,caused sasanys kings to have political and   & More

Arab clan have been settled in south and southwest borders of sasanis property.Their good neighbour  hood issues in one hand,and sasanis fendency to extention toward Shamat and north Africa in other hand,caused sasanys kings to have political and     military relations with them.sasanys kings have made Hire government in these areas to protect security in southern borders with Arabs and to prevent their attacks. This government had a border guardpost role and its governers were appointed  through Arabs,and they always were governed at sasanies domination that AL- Manzar is more famous than the others and thay were governed for a long time.All political,military, economical,and cultural relations of sasany with Arabs were made by Hire government and really they were trade gate of sasany with Arabs. Manuscript profile

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253 - .Political thought of Imam Sajjad (a.s.)
rashid rekabiyan

The question of the article is that what was the main conflict of political order in society in the period  of  Imam Sajjad (a.s.)?  What was his  ideal prescription for solution of the conflict? Based on the Springer theoric framework,  the as More

The question of the article is that what was the main conflict of political order in society in the period  of  Imam Sajjad (a.s.)?  What was his  ideal prescription for solution of the conflict? Based on the Springer theoric framework,  the assumption of the reasearch is that  conflict, Downhill ,autocracy, heresy,corruption have been the main causes of gap beween government and Velayat; rebuilding the government and nation relations with Velayat  formed Imam Sajjad’s  ideal order for the society; his main solution for the confilict has been rebuilding the wisely government of  innocent imam.. The research tries to investigate the society  in the period of Immam Sajjad (a.s.) based on political problem, causes ,ideals, and solutions.  The article has used a historical-descriptive method for analysis of the research. Manuscript profile

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254 - World war two and The Allies Arrival in Iran& The Issue of the England
neemat ahmadi unes sadeghi

World war II, which was started in 1939 as a result of some political disputes, had various political, economic and social consequences in Iran. Historians have long been concerned with the Allied military presence in Iran during1941-1945. The Governments of Foroughi, A More

World war II, which was started in 1939 as a result of some political disputes, had various political, economic and social consequences in Iran. Historians have long been concerned with the Allied military presence in Iran during1941-1945. The Governments of Foroughi, Ahmad Qavam, Ali Soheili, Bayat, Sadrolashraf and Ebrahim Hakimi assumed power in this juncture. Foroughi, the first prime minister after Reza Shah, played a critical role in hushing the status. The period of Ghavam’s premiership was spent with economic crisis due to the presence of the confederates in Iran and results due to the WW2. The age of Soheili accompanied with the conference of the confederate heads in Iran which is known as Tehran conference. Generally the principal trait of years 1941to 1945 and the most important concern of Iranian governments during that period were involvement with results due to the presence of the confederates in Iran and the issues related to post war in national and international areas. In the present Article, the presupposition is that government’s approach to Iran's occupation in many cases was passive and as a result of accepting the demands of the Allies. Therefore, the passive position of the Government in foreign policy and political instability in domestic affairs caused social crises and economic pressure on the people Manuscript profile

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255 - The role and status of first minister during 11th AH/17th AD
Abolhassan mobayen

The post of first minister during two and half centuries in the Safavid era experienced different phases. At the beginning of the dynasty the deputy (Vakil) had a vast power after the king. Gradually the deputy lost the power and ,since the time of Abbas I, the head of More

The post of first minister during two and half centuries in the Safavid era experienced different phases. At the beginning of the dynasty the deputy (Vakil) had a vast power after the king. Gradually the deputy lost the power and ,since the time of Abbas I, the head of bureaucracy or first minister, as was usual in Iran, was the most powerful after the king.  During the second half of the Safavid era, the kings' being young and inexperienced increased the power of the first minister. The Safavid's kings depended strongly on their first ministers for their advice and decisions. The increasing power of the first minister continued till the post turned into the most prominent post in Safi I time. This post was also called 'the trustee in government' (Etemadole). The present study investigates the development of this post and its changes during the 11th century Manuscript profile

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256 - Position of Iranian Armemiacs in the age of Shah Abbas 1
Mohammad Bager Khazaieli

Shah Abbas 1, in addition to his political aim which was to inflict a blow on the Ottman government, and following his commercial and economical aims, as well, coued migrations of Armenians from north. Eastern borders inside the country It was because of beliving , from More

Shah Abbas 1, in addition to his political aim which was to inflict a blow on the Ottman government, and following his commercial and economical aims, as well, coued migrations of Armenians from north. Eastern borders inside the country It was because of beliving , from the point of view of shah abbas . That thair presence in commercial relations with Europe, especially in silk trade would have been highly necessaries and that he aimed to make  wre of their experiences in developing and imposing the relations between Iran and Europe. To attract the Armenians, he acted as a religious moderate, and in Iranian communities they were given civit liberties and thus without any maligious fanaticism, he could make use of their abilities in developing commercial economy of Iran. In this research we tried to survey the relations between shah Abbas 1 and the Armenians in Iran and to show the effects of this relationship in Iranian communities in the age of the safavids. Manuscript profile

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257 - Development of administration system in history of Iran and Mesopotamia
Ebrahim Hallajian

The life of human always has been integrated with organization and administrating. Management as the science of administration has been mixed and appeared by the theoretical and operational principles. The structure of administration system of Iran has been originate More

The life of human always has been integrated with organization and administrating. Management as the science of administration has been mixed and appeared by the theoretical and operational principles. The structure of administration system of Iran has been originated from the forming and building of the families, tribes, nations, Empires and governments. Which was based on two approaches, centralization and decentralization? One of the important factors determining the growth and development of a country is the insight and thinking way of its administration view of scientists and politicians. The present study investigates: 1. The administration thoughts and development and evolutions administration system during the Hakha's Dynasty Unitil the constitulitinal revolution of Iran and its changing this period. 2. The thoughts, believes, approaches and models of administration system of Hakha's, Sasani's, Saljuk's, Safavid's and Gujar's. For convenience time period is divided into three periods and its section. In each one or two instances and administrative thoughts representing the administration thoughts system of time politicians and scientist's are offered. Manuscript profile

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258 - The beginning of Islam as a representative of a Islamic republic
Ali Soleimanpur

The present study tries to prove that Islamic Republic in Iran founded by Imam Khomeini, sought an example to follow in the government established by the Holy Prophet. Much evidenve and statements by Imam Khomeini show that Islamic Republic follows the Holy Prophet and More

The present study tries to prove that Islamic Republic in Iran founded by Imam Khomeini, sought an example to follow in the government established by the Holy Prophet. Much evidenve and statements by Imam Khomeini show that Islamic Republic follows the Holy Prophet and Imam Ali (PBUH) and relies on people's votes. Imam Khomeini's emphasis on freedom of beliefs and choice, on using experience in government, on the importance of counseling, and respect in domestic and foreign affairs shows the democratic nature of Islamic Republic. Manuscript profile

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259 - Baluch people and Collapse of Isfahan
rozita nazeri hasan hazrati hamid karamipor

Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of Baluch peo More

Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of Baluch people. The reason that encouraged Baluch people to join Afghans to attack Isfahan, in addition to their common religion, was the oppression of Shi'a government of Safavid on these disgraced people. Therefore, Baluch people decided to attack Isfahan to take revenge of several years rancor, and they gave positive response to request of Afghans and they caused the collapse of Isfahan. The present study aims to investigate the factors led to Baluch people move toward Isfahan and cause the collapse of Isfahan. It also aims to respond the question that which factors and incentives caused that Afghans and Baluch people cooperate and why this cooperation and alliance collapsed. This study aims to solve the complexities and provide right and appropriate response to these questions relying on resources and studies, and studying factors caused attack of Baluch people to Isfahan and its impact on collapse of this city.   Manuscript profile

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260 - The Situation of Women Journals in 1331
Mohamad Kalhor Maryam Haji Bagher Najar

This research is considered as a difficult and original one which is about the socio-political participations of Iranian women. Most of them were influenced in the field of writing and journals. This article studies 12 publications that they are referred to the approach More

This research is considered as a difficult and original one which is about the socio-political participations of Iranian women. Most of them were influenced in the field of writing and journals. This article studies 12 publications that they are referred to the approach of women during the second year of Mosaddegh's prime minister in 1331 showing the penetration of socio-political evolutions regarding the events such as 30thTir and the 09thEsfand of same year. The methodology is descriptive-statistical and then all consequences are presented in one table with their statistical analysis.  Manuscript profile

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261 - The role of shies faghihs and Motakallmins (lecturers) in development of shiesm in Fourth century
Seyed Morteza Mousavi jajarmi

The fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of  some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods More

The fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of  some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods in shies history . befor this period ,  Sunni religion was the  major religion . But in forth century with the emergence of shies states: like Boyid in Iran, Egypt , Yemen zydynid Hamdanid and Alavid in Tabarestan ate. The emergence of shies states and the attempt of shias Ulama are two important and Fundamental Factor in development and expansion of shiism. The role of Faghihs and lecturers in collecting Hadith training students (Talabeh), developing jurisprudence and theology activity against innaveliascands, Fundation of scientific centres and schools, utilization of public facilities for religious purpose all regarded as the main reason for development of shiessm in this period.  Manuscript profile

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262 - the intraction of governments and sunni scholars in the establishment of the lawfulness for the government
M. Mahdavian

The lawfulness or lack of lawfulness of the governments in the Muslemworld is one of the important theoretical discussions of Muslem scholarsand thinkers . Each of the diverse parties has investigated lawfulnessfrom its own point of view. The establishment of lowfulness More

The lawfulness or lack of lawfulness of the governments in the Muslemworld is one of the important theoretical discussions of Muslem scholarsand thinkers . Each of the diverse parties has investigated lawfulnessfrom its own point of view. The establishment of lowfulness for thegovernment has been a great concern for governers.Most of the Sunni scholars have selected to fix the current situation andadvocated the Caliphate and current governments with the subterfuge ofpreventing divirgences and civilwars . In this article, it has been tried toclarify the thought divergence between Sunnis and Shiite aboutgovernment with regard to some of the thoughtful bases of Sunnischorars.It can be maintained that Sunni scholars have always advocatedCaliphate and the contemporary governments and havenot intendedestablish an ideal government ; wheres the Shiite have always been inthe direction of establishing an ideal government on the bases of Shiitecriteria. Manuscript profile

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263 - The Components of Ideal Government in Imam Khomeini's Philosophical Political Thought
asghar rajabi dehborzoei

Imam Khomeini is one of the contemporary philosophers who was able to fulfill the desire of philosophers to have a desirable government. The desired Islamic government in Imam Khomeini's philosophical political thought is different from other existing governments. The p More

Imam Khomeini is one of the contemporary philosophers who was able to fulfill the desire of philosophers to have a desirable government. The desired Islamic government in Imam Khomeini's philosophical political thought is different from other existing governments. The purpose of this research is to answer the question, what are the components of the ideal government in the philosophical political thought of Imam Khomeini? Using the method of thematic analysis, we have conceptualized the data obtained from the statements of Imam Khomeini. Based on these concepts, the primary themes and organizing themes divine, justification, theocracy, rebellion, aggressor, constitution, governance, morality, justice, democracy) and comprehensive themes were obtained. By combining and integrating the inclusive themes, five components of the legitimacy and divinity of the government, , moralism and seeking justice and the maximum participation of the people were extracted with an emphasis on the political and philosophical thought of Imam Khomeini. Manuscript profile

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264 - TheBasics and Structure of the Religious Government from the Perspective of the Qur'an
Mohsen Aliakbari

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, theocracy was introduced. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, and the ideas of Islam, the foundations and structure of the religious government are illustrated. In the definitions of governm More

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, theocracy was introduced. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, and the ideas of Islam, the foundations and structure of the religious government are illustrated. In the definitions of government, law making, supervision and implementation are considered as government’s responsibilities. Government requires possession of the wealth of a land and possession of the lives, property and destiny of humans, and possession of anything requires its ownership. According to the Holy Qur'an, God is the creator and owner of the world and human ownership is a credit ownership, as humans do not even have real and absolute ownership over their lives and properties, and their possessions are subject to God's permission. Therefore, God is the ruler and the lawmaker who appoints the executive of the government, which eventually gains recognition by the people.Keywords: God, Government, Possession, Law Manuscript profile

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265 - Duties and Authorities of the Government in the Face of Widespread Disease Outbreaks; A Case Study of Corona Disease.
Mostafa Rajabi Bagherabad Zohreh Nikfarjam tahmures shiri

It is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of t More

It is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of the government. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study the duties of the government, especially in the recent covid-19 pandemic, which was done with a descriptive and analytical method. According to international covenants and principles of the constitution, the health of the society should be responsible for the management of the crisis conditions caused by the pandemic, and in case of non-commitment to the duty, it brings all kinds of responsibilities of the government. It can also be defined as preventive measures, treatment measures and pandemic control, as well as support measures, especially for vulnerable groups, including the duties of the government. Manuscript profile

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266 - Islamic revolution of Iran in the context of the difference between the attitude of present science and positivist perception
Bahamn Kohantorabi mojtaba atarzadeh alirreza golshani

The present research was conducted with the aim of examining a part of the theoretical foundations of two positivist approaches and presence thinking in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, with a comparative method. This essay raises the question that what was the common More

The present research was conducted with the aim of examining a part of the theoretical foundations of two positivist approaches and presence thinking in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, with a comparative method. This essay raises the question that what was the common denominator in the design of positivist attitudes and present science during the Islamic revolution? It assumes: Both approaches have presented the political and social theory leading to their desired governance model in response to the basic needs of the nascent revolutionary system, while explaining the epistemological foundations. The findings of this research show that the first approach, while modeling western modern knowledge with the link of democracy and religion, introduces its governance model as a religious democratic government, but the second approach, in the light of serious criticism towards the West and modernity, with an emphasis on thinking and science Hozuri chooses the Islamic government. Manuscript profile

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267 - Government’s Supportive Approach toward People's Social Security, in the Light of the Principle of Government’s Supportive Approach toward People's Social Security in the Light of the Principle of Equality and Non-Discriminationand Non-Discrimination
Reza Ebrahimi Abolfazl Ranjbari Naser Rahbar Farsh Pira

Equality and non-discrimination in grabbing social security has been one of the fundamental principles of Islam and in this divine school all human beings are equal to the credibility of human creation and the principle of humanity, and no one has privilege and superior More

Equality and non-discrimination in grabbing social security has been one of the fundamental principles of Islam and in this divine school all human beings are equal to the credibility of human creation and the principle of humanity, and no one has privilege and superiority over others and according to the Quran (all human beings are created from a single soul). The Islamic Republic's Constitution, inspired by the teachings of heaven, has devoted some of its principles to that and considers the government as the guardian of social security in society. Although the scope of social security coverage is very broad, the legislator has considered mechanisms through which government supports financial support of social security. As far as it goes, one of the most important fundamentals of government intervention in the social security system is the constitution and international documents that in this study through documentary descriptive approach, government’s supportive approach and the principle of equality in social security are examined and the obtained result is that the government has some goals in this area that include guarantying social welfare, the continuation of distributive justice, equality and non-discrimination as well as exerting sovereignty Manuscript profile

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268 - Investigating the Effect of Administrative Justice on the Realization of the Desired Government in the Iranian Legal System
Arash Kazemi abdolreza barzegar iraj hosseinisadrabadi

The pursuit of justice is one of the inner desires of human beings since the formation of human societies, to the extent that the realization of justice in society, along with the establishment of order and security, can be considered desirable factors in the formation More

The pursuit of justice is one of the inner desires of human beings since the formation of human societies, to the extent that the realization of justice in society, along with the establishment of order and security, can be considered desirable factors in the formation of the state. Administrative is introduced as a tool to control power and includes a set of general principles and rules that restrain public officials as agents of democratic government and hold them accountable for their actions. The present research has been conducted through library studies and its purpose is to investigate the effect of administrative justice in the realization of the desired government. The author's question and hypothesis in the present research are: Can the performance of departments pave the way for the realization of the desired government? How the departments function in achieving administrative justice can be the basis for creating a favorable government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

269 - Explain the Role of State Policies in Creating Loyalty of Employees of Iranian Governmental Organizations
mohsen norani reza shabannejad Beitoolah Akbari Moghaddam

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Sovereign policies in Iranian governmental organizations in a way that leads to fostering employee loyalty in various personal, professional and organizational areas.In the first part, in order to provide a compr More

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Sovereign policies in Iranian governmental organizations in a way that leads to fostering employee loyalty in various personal, professional and organizational areas.In the first part, in order to provide a comprehensive model, the qualitative meta-hybrid research method was used. A number of academic experts and government managers were purposefully sampled and the initial research model was formed by identifying categories, concepts and codes. In the second part, 292 questionnaires (classification sampling) were distributed among the staff of Qazvin province by evaluating the content validity and opinions of experts in order to apply the model in government organizations. Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the results of creating a relationship between psychological concepts with dimensions, components and categories of personal, professional and organizational can play a significant role in improving employee loyalty to policy makers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

270 - Research Process in the Political System, Social Forces and Capital Markets In the First Decade of the Victory of the Islamic Revolution
Amir reza Khatir Mojtaba Maghsoudi Saeedi Eslamibidgol

From the perspective of political sociology and the role of social forces, this article identifies and analyzes the components that hinder the development of capital markets in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, the main question that arises is wha More

From the perspective of political sociology and the role of social forces, this article identifies and analyzes the components that hinder the development of capital markets in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, the main question that arises is what was the relationship between the political system and the capital market in the first decade of the revolution? The research hypothesis is that "the political system in the first decade of the revolution, under the influence of active social forces, had an anti-capitalist nature and hindered the development of the capital market." In this research, using the historical approach and historical-analytical research process and using the library study, as well as interviews with the then stock exchange managers of the country, the development of the Iranian capital market and the relationship between the political system and it were investigated. Based on the data of this study, the results show that governments and the structure of active social forces in the first decade of the revolution have hindered the development of the capital market. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

271 - Function of the Institutions of Enjoining the Good and Forbidding the Evil in the Context of Islamic History Based on Jurisprudential Rules
Ghasem Gilanifar mohammad jaafar harandi

The institution of Enjoining to Good [Ma'ruf] and Forbidding from Evil [Munkar] are among the institutions that have a special place in the history of Islam. The word Hasbeh was used. The main question of the research is what are the functions of the institutions of enj More

The institution of Enjoining to Good [Ma'ruf] and Forbidding from Evil [Munkar] are among the institutions that have a special place in the history of Islam. The word Hasbeh was used. The main question of the research is what are the functions of the institutions of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil in the context of Islamic history? The results of the research showed that in the context of the history of Islam, the institution of Hasbeh has had special functions as an institution that enforces the good and forbids the bad. After the revolution, the work of Hasbeh was divided into several legal institutions, and at the top of them was the absolute authority of the jurisprudent. This research has been done to introduce and the functions of the institutions of this hypothesis in a descriptive-analytical method Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

272 - The Effect of Paternalism on the Restriction of Individuals' Private Rights
peyman mirhadi Mahmood shahidi alireza entezari

Paternal expediency is a phenomenon in which the state-government plays a protective role for members of the society under its paternal protection and decisions. It illustrates the idea that modern governments, in some areas of private law, take over the management and More

Paternal expediency is a phenomenon in which the state-government plays a protective role for members of the society under its paternal protection and decisions. It illustrates the idea that modern governments, in some areas of private law, take over the management and initiative of certain aspects of private law affairs of the society members. This might ultimately lead to a decline in respected principles such as the rule of will.In addition to examining the limiting instances of paternalistic attitudes in the field of private law, this paper will investigate the contrast between such paternalistic expediencies of the modern state on the basis of promoting distributive justice, which traditionally supported the weak party in the form of commutative justice, often common in private contracts, in order to determine the incompatibility of independence and autonomy of citizens with the main issue. Identifying the adverse effects of this phenomenon is a step towards establishing desirable justice Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

273 - Investigating the Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Government in the Fight against Corruption
Rasoul Alizadeh Saroukolaie Bahman Keshavarz Mahdi Khodhkhati Abbas Moradi

  Rasoul Alizadeh Saroukolaie [1] Bahman Keshavarz[2] Mahdi Khodhkhati[3] Abbas Moradi[4] Abstract The emergence of corruption has a long history in human society and is directly related to the development of the political system so that its emergence can di More

  Rasoul Alizadeh Saroukolaie [1] Bahman Keshavarz[2] Mahdi Khodhkhati[3] Abbas Moradi[4] Abstract The emergence of corruption has a long history in human society and is directly related to the development of the political system so that its emergence can disrupt a country's political system. In a corrupt administrative system, employees take advantage of their exclusive position in providing services, and engage in business with their jobs, which in addition to harming development, hinders the growth of healthy competition and social justice. From the beginning of its establishment and in the constitution, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran had considered policies to fight against corruption, based on the results obtained, it is necessary to strengthen the private sector and institutionalize the activities of civil society organizations and political parties to establish a relatively good relationship between the three sectors of public, private and civil society, which results in the control of corruption.   [1] -M. A. in Political Science, Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran [2] -Assistant Professor in Political Science, Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. (Correspondeing Author). [3] -Assistant Professor in Political Science, Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. [4] -Assistant Professor in Political Science, Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

274 - Application of the Principles of Competition and Transparency in Supporting the Weak in Government Contracts
Karim Farhadi Khairullah Parvin Mohammad Hassan Habibi

The special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the More

The special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the private party to these contracts. Weaknesses in the private side of the contract are not always in the public interest, and the escalation of this situation can lead to the weakening of the private sector and ultimately damage the public economy of countries. The purpose of this study is to apply the principles of competition and transparency in supporting the weak in government contracts. Research question: What are the principles of competition and transparency in supporting weak parties in government contracts? The result of weak party support in government transactions is to create a balance in the benefits of concluding and implementing these contracts and thus achieving public goals while strengthening and maintaining the interests of the private sector.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

275 - Investigating the Attitudes of Post-Revolutionary Governments in Realizing Social Security Based on the Right Position According to Estimation of Social Welfare and Poverty and Unemployment Rates with Fuzzy Logic Approach
Salman Tohidifar Masoud Motallebi

Social security is a legal or practical solution in the public sphere that is designed for the economic security and social welfare of individuals and their families in the face of income loss from unemployment, old age or death, as well as the promotion of welfare thro More

Social security is a legal or practical solution in the public sphere that is designed for the economic security and social welfare of individuals and their families in the face of income loss from unemployment, old age or death, as well as the promotion of welfare through public services and economic support.The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of the right to social security in post-revolutionary governments. The research method is descriptive and post-event based on fuzzy approach. In this research, the data available in valid internal databases, including the Central Bank and the Social Security Organization, have been used. Excel, SPSS, fs / QCA software were used for data processing and analysis. The results showed that social security incomes are a necessary condition for reducing unemployment, poverty and having the right to housing and good social welfare. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

276 - The Basis of the Legitimacy and Acceptance of the Islamic Government in the Political Thought of Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Sadr
Mohammad Bazvand Masoud Motallebi Ali Fallahnejad Ali Fallahi Saifuddin

Mohammad Bazvand[1] Masoud Motallebi[2] Ali Fallahnejad[3] Ali Fallahi Saifuddin[4]   Abstract: One of the fundamental issues of any government is the issue of legitimacy and acceptance, the strengthening of which plays an irreplaceable role in the establishment an More

Mohammad Bazvand[1] Masoud Motallebi[2] Ali Fallahnejad[3] Ali Fallahi Saifuddin[4]   Abstract: One of the fundamental issues of any government is the issue of legitimacy and acceptance, the strengthening of which plays an irreplaceable role in the establishment and stability or,conversely, the weakening of it in the instability and collapse of the government. In this article, which has been written with a descriptive-analytical approach, in response to what is the basis of legitimacy and acceptability in the theory of Islamic government, Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Baqir Sadr, argues that he considered legitimacy as a combination of divine-popular will. As in addition to accepting Velayat-e-Faqih such as the source of divine legitimacy of the Islamic government, it emphasizes the role of the people in determining their destiny and tries to create a link between legitimacy and acceptance in the Islamic government by granting the right to choose the nation in all aspects of government. [1]- PhD Student in Political Science, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lorestan, Iran [2]- Assistant Professor of Political Science, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Golestan, Iran:Corresponding Author [3]- Assistant Professor of Political Science, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lorestan, Iran [4]- Assistant Professor of Political Science, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lorestan, Iran   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

277 - The Status of Non-Governmental Organizations in Legislative and Judicial Drug Policies
Fatemeh Binazadeh Leila Raeisi Masoud Raei

  Fatemeh Binazadeh[1] Leila Raeisi[2] Masoud Raei[3]   Abstract: Counter-narcotics requires the movement of all segments of society, with NGOs nowadays seeking to gain a foothold in the field. Investigating the response of these organizations to the leg More

  Fatemeh Binazadeh[1] Leila Raeisi[2] Masoud Raei[3]   Abstract: Counter-narcotics requires the movement of all segments of society, with NGOs nowadays seeking to gain a foothold in the field. Investigating the response of these organizations to the legal and judicial policies of drugs requires a descriptive-analytical, comparative study of the policies of the countries involved, including origin and destination of materials and then needs to analyze the status of NGOs.  This role varies according to its legal basis (Article 14 of the 1961 Convention) and depending on the prevailing political, social conditions, and the policies of the countries involved in the substance of the matter, thus facilitating the adoption of the policies of the originating countries. Adopting the easy policies by the countries of origin, however, the presence of these institutions will increase and the implementation of strict policies by the destination countries will reduce the possibility of their presence; however, more presence does not necessarily mean more impact on drug policies in the country; and their influence depends on the degree of democracy in the country. [1] PhD Student in International law, Department of Law, Isfahan (khorasgan), Islamic Azad University ,Isfahan, Iran, binazadehf@gmail.com [2] Associate Professor Public International Law, Department of Law, Isfahan (khorasgan), Islamic Azad University ,Isfahan, Iran, Corresponding Author, Raisi.leila@gmail.com [3] Assistant  prof, Public International Law, Department of Law, Isfahan (Najafabad), Islamic Azad University ,Najafabad, Iran, masoudraei@yahoo.com Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

278 - The Pathology of Termination of Governmental Contracts in the Jurisprudence of Iran and France
soraya chaharmiri valiyolah ansari hasan khosravi

The government contract is the main way of delegating government sovereignty to the private sector. Due to the ambiguity in many concepts in the field of termination of government contracts, jurisprudence plays a decisive role in both the Iranian and French legal system More

The government contract is the main way of delegating government sovereignty to the private sector. Due to the ambiguity in many concepts in the field of termination of government contracts, jurisprudence plays a decisive role in both the Iranian and French legal systems. The main question of the present study by descriptive-analytical method, is that according to the existing judicial procedure, what ambiguities and challenges does the legal system governing the termination of the Iranian government contract have in comparison with the French system? Presently, ambiguities such as conflict of laws, the scope of the right to terminate the contract and the existence of the differential procedure of termination of the contract have been the most important ambiguities of the legal system governing the termination of the contract compared to France. The most important challenges in the field of jurisdiction of administrative courts and how to intervene and apply some conditions of administrative termination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

279 - Restriction of Private Property Based on Public Interest in Iranian Judicial Law
Babak golmoammadi Mehdi Falah Khariki

Babak  golmoammadi[1] Mehdi Falah Khariki[2]   Abstract: The issue of government restriction of ownership is important in public law, and judicial procedures and legal theories are the best examples. The present article describes analytical and using a library More

Babak  golmoammadi[1] Mehdi Falah Khariki[2]   Abstract: The issue of government restriction of ownership is important in public law, and judicial procedures and legal theories are the best examples. The present article describes analytical and using a library method to examine the purpose of recognizing Iran's legal approach to the restriction of private property for the public interest, to the main question that the interests of private property and the public interest to the extent of ownership and based on public interest. It has been argued that the benefits of private and public property have been maximized by limiting ownership based on public interest, and that a balance has been struck that the results are an element with which the government can, if necessary, seize private property. The general public and society are concerned with the individual interests of individuals. Theoretical foundations of ownership, as one of the examples of government administrative actions, are based on theory [1] - PhD student in Private Law, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Mazandaran, Iran [2] - Assistant Professor, Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Amoli Branch, Mazandaran, Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

280 - The impact of risk management on the development of government audit with a hybrid approach
Abolfazl Heidari Ataalah Mohammadimalgharni Omid Mahmoodikhoshroo

10.22094/jdem.2023.1988733.3105

AbstractRisk management acts as advanced and preventive internal controls and will reduce possible losses,therefore it plays a key role in audit planning.The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of risk management on the development of government audit More

AbstractRisk management acts as advanced and preventive internal controls and will reduce possible losses,therefore it plays a key role in audit planning.The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of risk management on the development of government audit using qualitative and quantitative methods in the public sector.To conduct research in the qualitative phase and to answer the research questions from 20 people from risk management and government audit experts and to test the research hypothesis and respond to a 5-choice sample questionnaire of 205 people from government auditors of different levels by sampling method were selected purposefully .From the point of view of the applied goal, this research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and mixed in terms of data type.Finally, in the fuzzy Delphi phase, 20 risk management factors were identified,which were in accordance with international standards. After this stage, a researcher-made 5-choice questionnaire was used to test the hypothesis of the impact of risk management components on the development of government audit. According to experts, the face validity of the questionnaire was higher than 0.7 with Cronbach's alpha coefficient The results of statistical analysis with SPSS 21 statistical software showed that risk management has an effect on the development of government audit, and the type of people's post has an effect on the answers, and finally, the gender of the respondents did not affect the answers.The research results indicate that auditors should pay attention to risk management components during audit planning to improve audit tests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

281 - Presenting the native model of e-government in Iran: a study in the Ministry of Sports and Youth
Sahar Famil zare Abolhassan Faghihi Reza Najafbagy

10.22094/jdem.2023.1988588.3103

Even though the electronic government can be a basic step to advance the goals of governments, it also faces challenges in the way of implementation. If the governments cannot provide electronic services uniformly to the general public, it will lead to a class divide in More

Even though the electronic government can be a basic step to advance the goals of governments, it also faces challenges in the way of implementation. If the governments cannot provide electronic services uniformly to the general public, it will lead to a class divide in the society and ultimately people's dissatisfaction. The purpose of this research is to present the native model of e-government in Iran. For this purpose, first by reviewing the research literature, the theoretical framework of the research was developed, and the conceptual model of the research was presented and the research hypotheses were developed. In order to test the hypotheses, the statistical population including the elites of the headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth were considered. Based on available sampling, questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 131 people from the statistical sample and due to the non-normality of data distribution, partial least squares method and SmartPLS3 software were used for statistical analysis. Based on significant values, all six hypotheses were confirmed. The influence of managerial factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.608, human resources factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.658, technical factors on the development of e-government implementation equal to 0.671, economic factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.627, environmental factors on the implementation of e-government equal to with 0.661 and organizational factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.692. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

282 - Identifying, Explaining and Measuring the Causes of Forming Political Behaviors with an Organizational Approach in Iranian Governmental Organizations
Abdolkhalegh gholami Ali Khodadadnezhad karamolah Danesh Fard

This research was conducted with a developmental-applied purpose and with a descriptive-analytical nature in order to identify, explain and measure the effective organizational characteristics in the formation and occurrence of political behaviors in government organiza More

This research was conducted with a developmental-applied purpose and with a descriptive-analytical nature in order to identify, explain and measure the effective organizational characteristics in the formation and occurrence of political behaviors in government organizations in a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative section, using Delphi method, 20 professors and scientific experts were selected as Delphi panels with a combined method of judgment- snowball and were surveyed with a researcher-made questionnaire that organizational components including performance appraisal system, payroll and reward system, Participation in decision making, policy making of managers, organizational justice, progress and promotion, resource scarcity, ambiguity in staff goals and strategy and tasks, organizational conflict and organizational structure were identified and explained. In the quantitative section, based on the results of the qualitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and distributed among 284 employees of the oil industry in Gachsaran region who were selected by simple random method. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and the results showed that the above ten organizational components are significantly related to the formation of political behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

283 - Designing a model of complexity drivers effective in evaluating the performance of complex Iranian government organizations
ebrahim sahraee Naser Poursadegh Naser Hamidi Ali Mohtashami

AbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this More

AbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this, it conducts research using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher uses open source, axial and selective data method to analyze the interview data. To validate the initial model, the quantitative method "Content Validity Evaluation of CVR" has been used. After validation, 123 focal variables were identified in the form (causal conditions of 14 categories, phenomena 13, action / interaction 21, consequences 14, intervening conditions 39 and context 22 categories) with these drivers paradigm model of complexity drivers in evaluating the performance of organizations The Iranian government complex was designed. As can be seen in the research model, the focal categories of intervention conditions as drivers of legal complexity and the underlying categories of drivers as bedridden complexity drivers with the impact on the action / interaction and consequences of the model cause organizational performance complexity that should be evaluated. The performance of these organizations should be considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

284 - Idelntifying indicators of value of e-government services based on article 37 of law on civil service management
mohammad hosein roozbeh hamed rahmani morteza mousakhani

The present study tries to identify indicators of value of e-government services in the municipality of Qazvin. The methodology is considered descriptive in terms of purpose and of survey type, which has utilized mix-method to analyze data. In the first phase of the stu More

The present study tries to identify indicators of value of e-government services in the municipality of Qazvin. The methodology is considered descriptive in terms of purpose and of survey type, which has utilized mix-method to analyze data. In the first phase of the study, qualitative theme analysis method, literature review and experts interview have been used to extract indicators and also confirmatory factor analysis has been applied in the next phase to verify the validity of the obtained model and extracting final indicators. The findings revealed that the primary extracted model derived from literature review consisted of 116 propositions. After interviewing with experts, 133 indictors were extracted. To extract the intended theme, open and axial coding have been applied. At the final theme 68 indicators were identified. The results from respondents' point of view revealed that all propositions show high quality except eight of them.Keywords: e-government, e-service quality, the value of e-government services, identifying the quality of electronic services, thematic analysis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

285 - Comparison of the impact of Covid-19 on financial restrictions and dividend payment policy of government and non-government companies of Tehran Stock Exchange
Fatemeh Mehralian Amir Mohammadzadeh

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease on the financial restrictions and dividend payment policy in government and non-government companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research metho More

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease on the financial restrictions and dividend payment policy in government and non-government companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method is descriptive-correlative in terms of its applied purpose and in terms of its nature and method, and the data collection method is library and archival. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2021 and according to the considered conditions and limitations, 151 companies were selected as the statistical sample of the research. By using two multivariable regression models and with the help of a combined data model, the research hypotheses were tested and the results showed that the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease has a positive and significant effect on the financial limits of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, as well as the spread of Covid-19 has had a negative and significant impact on the dividend payment policy of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The extent of the impact of the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease on the financial restrictions and dividend payment policy of government and non-government companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange has been different. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

286 - Investigating the Determination of Strategic Strategies in the Budgeting System of Iran
Mohammad Reza Kordloo Karam Allah Danesh Fard Akbar Alam Tabriz Mahdi Taqavi

  Budgeting and budgeting are important in achieving the goals of governments and if implemented correctly can be the source of the impact. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine the conventional strategy in the country budgeting system. The st More

  Budgeting and budgeting are important in achieving the goals of governments and if implemented correctly can be the source of the impact. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine the conventional strategy in the country budgeting system. The statistical population of the study is budget experts of government agencies and their total is 60 people. According to the prediction of the probability of some experts not willing to participate in the research, the sample size of the quantitative surveys consisting of budget executives' experts was calculated using Cochran formula and 52 persons were selected. This study is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of data collection, descriptive-survey research, and in terms of data type, quantitative and in terms of cross-sectional research. The results show that the component of incremental budgeting in Iran has superiority over programmatic budgeting, cost center budgeting, incentive performance budgeting and zero-based budgeting and budgeting in Iran is incremental and cannot be implemented. In the true sense of the program. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

287 - Identification of key performance evaluating indexes of Gilan province's line personnel of government hospitals
Moggan Taqizade seyed mehdi Alavani Naser Hamidi

Today, the organizations need of various operational indexes and existence of the reference that exhibiting the indexes is necessary for deserved activities. Purpose of this study is identifying key indexes which evaluating line personnel's performance in government hos More

Today, the organizations need of various operational indexes and existence of the reference that exhibiting the indexes is necessary for deserved activities. Purpose of this study is identifying key indexes which evaluating line personnel's performance in government hospitals of Gilan province. All the line personnel of Gilan's public hospitals were considered as statistical population and two methods of snowball sampling with sampling size of 14 and simple random sampling with sampling size of 60 were used. Data acquisition method was field data acquisition and data acquisition tools were interview and questionnaire. Data mining were done by Smart-PLS and SPSS software. The date of collecting data was 2016-2017. First to sixth ranks were components of teaching hospital issues, regarding the regulations which are passed by hospital, job satisfaction, invention in hospital issues, taking apart in doing activities and regarding Islamic behavior and worth, respectively. performing this study can help managers of government hospitals and senior managers of health ministry for programing and policy-making by use of introducing key indexes of performance evaluating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

288 - Identifying Productivity Barriers for Public Organizations in Iran
Asadallah Karimi Shahabi Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Syyad Mehdi Alvani Mahmud Modiri

  The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental organizations sel More

  The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental organizations selected for review and the impact on the productivity of governmental organizations examined to productivity barriers ranking Iranian governmental organizations, a questionnaire of 19 questions, was designed. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire to compose the questionnaire of a number of the university and organization’s experts were consulted. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of a value that 0/93 is obtained. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 50 people. Obtained data (FVIKOR) and were analyzed using EXCEL software and the effects of barriers to efficiency the Iranian government, were identified. The results showed that "governing priorities for the status quo," first rank "incomplete research and development," the last place has an important loss in productivity organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

289 - ying Executive Effects of the Project of Organizing Real State Contracts
reza vaezi masoud soltani fath hamid tamimi

People’s expectations about services quality and also the way in which they are presented are changing increasingly. Government and organizations should be responsible for these requirements and expectations. Nowadays organizations success depends on the alignment More

People’s expectations about services quality and also the way in which they are presented are changing increasingly. Government and organizations should be responsible for these requirements and expectations. Nowadays organizations success depends on the alignment of business strategy of organization and information of technology strategy. Having supposed that there is a connection between private and governmental distribution, directors of real state agencies union tried to draw up andperform the project of organizing real tateontracts of thecountry and some purposes are considered for this project. The purpose of this research is to study the approaches of proving above-mentioned goals of the project to be true by relying on the concepts and theories of electronic government, services and strategy of developing services. These research hypotheses  have been made according to the study on way of implementation of organizing the elements of real state contracts, information transparency, controlling the contracts and integration within other related organizations. Researche in this study is done by description - survey. In order to gather some data, questionnaires have been used. They were distributed among 200 real state agencies located in Tehran city. 190 of them were completed and prepared for analysis. The hypo thesises test results showed the meaningful impact of two major and two minor hypo thesises. The result of repetitive measurement test led to the most grades and implementation of controlling the contracts in major hypo thesises  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

290 - Identification and Analysis of Islamic Work Ethics in Governmental Organizations of Iran: the Case of Governmental Organizations in Qazvin Province
akbar hassan poor rahman hassan ali poor meisam rahimi

Work ethics has been regarded as a key determinant of economic development. According to Max Weber, shifts in attitudes to work and creating new work ethics caused the development of western companies. In the first six centuries of Islam, work ethics led to the eminent More

Work ethics has been regarded as a key determinant of economic development. According to Max Weber, shifts in attitudes to work and creating new work ethics caused the development of western companies. In the first six centuries of Islam, work ethics led to the eminent growth of Islamic countries. This issue encouraged us to examine Islamic work ethics in governmental organizations of Qazvin province. This correlation study is based on descriptive methods and promises applications. Twenty governmental organizations were selected randomly and through stratified random sampling method, 300 people were selected as the sample. To gather data, a standard questionnaire was administered to the sample. The results showed Islamic work ethics in governmental organizations. According to the findings, demographic qualities, education, and age affect Islamic work ethics. But gender has no influence on it Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

291 - Dynamic Model of Human Capital Development
VAhid Hajilo Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Mahmood Alborzi

The potential of human capital can help the organization to achieve dynamism and transformation, achieving this goal is possible with the development of human capital in the organization. The axis of development is the education of the staff and its realization requires More

The potential of human capital can help the organization to achieve dynamism and transformation, achieving this goal is possible with the development of human capital in the organization. The axis of development is the education of the staff and its realization requires a change in the consciousness, attitude and behavior of human resources. Therefore, this research has been conducted to provide a model for the development of human capital in Iranian government agencies. The statistical population of the research is the governmental organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the experts of the organization were selected as the statistical sample based on specific circumstances and were considered for answering questions and conducting necessary interviews. The boundary between the system and the relationships between them was determined by the experts and then attempted to simulate the dynamic systems model in the software environment. The results showed that among the 9 scenarios, the scenario "Improvement of Trust, Mutual Outside Organizations and Knowledge in the Organization" was a strong scenario and finally, the "Improvement of Staff Ability" scenario was identified as the most attractive scenario for this research. Government agencies for human capital development can work in line with improving staffing abilities. Because of the fact that there are two objective and objective facets, this factor can provide employees both psychologically and in terms of enhancing the experience, skills and knowledge required in the light of appropriate and timely training in relation to their duties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

292 - Designing a Process Model Achieving Human Resource Management With High Commitment in Government Organizations
Ahmad kalhor Gholamreza Memarzadehtehran Mahmood Modiri

The purpose of this study is to provide a suitable model for the achievement of Iranian government agencies to high-level human resources management, taking into account their specific characteristics, which will increase the commitment of employees to the organization More

The purpose of this study is to provide a suitable model for the achievement of Iranian government agencies to high-level human resources management, taking into account their specific characteristics, which will increase the commitment of employees to the organization and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of economic development and development. Most human resources are organized. In terms of purpose, research is applied and is descriptive-analytic in terms of collecting information. The research community of the expert group includes professors and managers of human resources management of Iranian governmental agencies. Data were collected using Likert scale five-point questionnaire and paired comparisons, which confirmed its validity and reliability. The model was designed with expert opinion in a fuzzy Delphi method. Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods were used to analyze the data. Using fuzzy DMD method to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of the research, it was shown that among the main criteria, "education" is the most influential factor in increasing the organization's commitment and commitment and "promoting social responsibility culture" among the main criteria. Which should be improved. Fuzzy network analysis and analysis process was used to determine the significance of HRM actions affecting high commitment, and its solution showed that "public interest" is of paramount importance in the high commitment. Finally, the findings of the ranking of high-profile features using gray-correlation analysis showed that "high organizational commitment" has the highest rank among the characteristics of commitment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

293 - A Study of Relationship between Intentions to E-Government with Organization Agility
Mohamad Vazin Karimian Ahmad Sardari Isa Silavi

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between intentions to e-government with organizational agility in Tehran province Gaz Company. For this purpose a primary and five secondary hypotheses were formulated. The statistical society of this research is the More

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between intentions to e-government with organizational agility in Tehran province Gaz Company. For this purpose a primary and five secondary hypotheses were formulated. The statistical society of this research is the gas company staff of Tehran province which among them using sampling formula of limited population, 120 people were selected. To collect the data, the intentions to e-government standard questionnaire of Torres et al and self-designed questionnaire of organizational agility were used. The validity of questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts. Also using Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability of e-government questionnaire equal 87/ and organizational agility equal 92/ was determined. Collected data analyses took place in the SPSS software environment. Pearson correlation, Friedman and binomial tests respectively were used to hypotheses test, ranking of organizational agility dimension and review variables situation. Findings of the study indicated that intentions to e-government have a relationship with all agility dimensions (organizational leadership, organizational change, organizational culture, customer service, performance management) and as a result with organizational agility. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

294 - Developing and Standardizing Government Organizations' Talent Orientation Questionnaire
Farshad Nemati Ghasem Ansari Ranani Adel Salavati Pouya Faroughi

The next step was to identify and evaluate the dimensions of the talent-based organization for constructing and validating a questionnaire for identifying talent-based organizations. The approach of this research is exploratory and its statistical population includes al More

The next step was to identify and evaluate the dimensions of the talent-based organization for constructing and validating a questionnaire for identifying talent-based organizations. The approach of this research is exploratory and its statistical population includes all branches of Melli Bank of Kurdistan province. In the qualitative part, there was three-stage coding with nvivo software, which was identifiable by the analysis in 5 dimensions - Causal conditions dimension with 5 axial codes Flexible and individual-oriented goals, loose and horizontal bond structure, informal relationships, three seunger evaluation and dynamics and risk taking in a selective code of intra-organizational indicators; Axis of Mental Structure, Political-Legal Structure and Cultural Structure in the Form of a Selective Code of Intellectual and Extra-Organizational Structures 2- Intervention Factors with Two Axioms: 1- Organizational Structure Hegemony and 2- Bureaucratic Rule in the Selective Code of Job Structure 4 - The 4-Core Strategy of Becoming a Learning Organization, Creating a Talent Bank, Changing Insights and Beliefs and Developing Coding Leaders The object of organizational culture 5-The implications then include the three categories of enhancing effectiveness, establishing a decentralized system, and sustaining the organization in a selective code of results and effects. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire with 58 items of axial and selective codes was identified. The results of exploratory factor analysis test with SPSS software showed that five identifiable dimensions in qualitative section were explored as five factors. Each of the items related to them had an appropriate factor load.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

295 - The Impact of In-Service Training on Empowerment of Qazvin Province Government Personnel from the Point of View of its Learners
Aliakbar Ghahremani Golozan Azamossadat Mostafavi

In this era with its fast-growing changes and developments, managers of organizations are compelled to think about the new situation to achieve the success needed for their organization. One of the most important approaches toward empowerment and development of human ca More

In this era with its fast-growing changes and developments, managers of organizations are compelled to think about the new situation to achieve the success needed for their organization. One of the most important approaches toward empowerment and development of human capital in order to develop the knowledge, skills and practice of personnel is investing in on-the-job training (OJT) courses. This research was done to find out the impact of OJT of Qazvin Provincial Government personnel on their empowerment. This applied descriptive study used a survey to gather its data. Its statistical population of the study was Qazvin Provincial Government personnel that had attended the OJT courses; 92 samples were selected among the personnel using simple stratified sampling method. The results showed that, from the point of view of learners who attended the OJT courses, the courses have been effective on the development of different aspects of empowerment. The results indicated that OJT would increase and promote the empowerment of Qazvin Provincial Government personnel towards their job and organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

296 - An Investigation of the Challenges in Implementing Business Process Reengineering in Governmental Organization Agencies
Mohsen Khon Siavash Mahtab Mohammadi

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is an approach to using sources so that maximum added value for the company may be achieved. Likewise, costly activities in performance procedures or in the whole company will be reduced to the minimum level as a result of BRP. BPR u More

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is an approach to using sources so that maximum added value for the company may be achieved. Likewise, costly activities in performance procedures or in the whole company will be reduced to the minimum level as a result of BRP. BPR usage and its advantages are well identified and appreciated in the private sector. However, there is an information gap concerning implementation of BRP in public sector and government organization. Accordingly, the present study attempts to investigate the effect of public sector on the success of BPR performance and settling the predictable challenges including human and technical categories in the process of BPR performance in governmental organizations. Attempts are made to explore whether paying attention to special features of governmental organization have any effect on BPR performance in such organizations, as typically predicted by experts. Two types of problems may emerge in the process of BPR implementation; human resource problems and technical problems. To solve them, the researchers present two corresponding solutions. That is to solve human challenges, special attention must be paid to the factors affecting human resources and influencing BPR. To solve technical challenges, BEST PRACTICES are introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

297 - Explaining the Role of Organizational Control on the Value of Public Administrators and Its Components
Hamze Samadi MeiarKolaee Hosein Samadi Miarkolaee

The purpose of the present paper is representation and developing a model for measuring the values of public administrators, measuring the extent of organizational control, and exploring the role of organizational control on the values of public administrators in the Ma More

The purpose of the present paper is representation and developing a model for measuring the values of public administrators, measuring the extent of organizational control, and exploring the role of organizational control on the values of public administrators in the Mazandaran tax administration. The method of the study is descriptive-analytical. In this study, the administrators of Mazandaran tax administration selected as the statistical population, and based on Cochran's formula, 130 administrators selected as a sample. By means of literature review and interview with experts through purposive sampling method, the dimensions and components of the variables for this study recognized. Eventually, 9 dimensions and 27 items extracted to design a model for (social and personal) values of public administrators, and 7 dimensions and 18 items extracted to design a model for organizational control using experts' opinions that were explored by questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using LISREL and SPSS softwares. The findings of the study showed that the organizational control variable had a positive, direct, and significant impact on the (social and personal) values of public administrators. Therefore, the findings of research revealed that the social values of public administrators are influential on the personal values of public administrators. This result originated from the positive, direct, and significant impact of the social values of public administrators on their personal values. The values of public administrators are not able to influence on the organizational control and are only able to influence on the implementation of policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

298 - Identifying Productivity Barriers for Public Organizations in Iran
AliAkbar Qahremani Leila Taghvaee

      The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental More

      The main purpose is the identifying productivity barriers of governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, a number of important barriers to productivity governmental organizations selected for review and the impact on the productivity of governmental organizations examined to productivity barriers ranking Iranian governmental organizations, a questionnaire of 19 questions, was designed. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire to compose the questionnaire of a number of the university and organization’s experts were consulted. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of a value that 0/93 is obtained. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 50 people. Obtained data (FVIKOR) and were analyzed using EXCEL software and the effects of barriers to efficiency the Iranian government, were identified. The results showed that "governing priorities for the status quo," first rank "incomplete research and development," the last place has an important loss in productivity organizations.           Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

299 - A Novel Model for the Analysis of Interactions Between Governments and Agricultures in a Study of Social Beneficial Externalities Based on the Stackelberg Game: A Case Study on Cotton Production
Mohammad Ali Shafia Sayyede Ashraf Moousavi Loghman Aghdas Badiee Kamran Shahanaghi

10.22094/joie.2018.622.1400

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

300 - Investigating factors affecting the acceptance of m-government based on fuzzy cognitive map in Iran
Maryam Mehrparvar Zahra Mohemmi Fateme Dadmand

10.22094/joie.2023.1987850.2076

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

301 - A Weight-Analysis Technique of Existing Research on E-Government Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries
Mosleh Zeebaree Musbah Aqel

10.22094/joie.2020.677842

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Open Access Article

302 - Investigating the role of cultural capital in the tendency to government work according to economic, family and social contexts
Mehdi Najari Khalil Mirzaei Afsaneh Varasteh far

10.30495/jss.2022.1929585.1328

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cultural capital in the tendency to government work with respect to economic, family and social contexts. The method of the present study is descriptive and the study population was 384 employees working in government More

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cultural capital in the tendency to government work with respect to economic, family and social contexts. The method of the present study is descriptive and the study population was 384 employees working in government and non-government sectors in Tehran who were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling. The questionnaire used in this study is a combined questionnaire, the first part of which consists of the Bourdieu Cultural Capital Questionnaire (revised based on the research) and the second part of the researcher-made questionnaire oriented towards government jobs and family, economic and social fields. Findings obtained from research questionnaires were analyzed by  SPSS 21 software. The results showed that institutional cultural capital in the first priority, objectified cultural capital in the second priority, economic context in the third priority, family context in the fourth priority, social context in the fifth priority and cultural capital embodied in the sixth priority. They are inclined towards government work. Therefore, it can be said that institutionalized and objectified cultural capital have more direct and indirect effects on the tendency to government jobs.Conflict of interest:  According to the athors, the article did not have any conflict of interest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

303 - Sociological study of the definition of national security of governments in the age of globalization
Parviz Ahadi

10.30495/jss.2021.1926080.1318

The globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. More

The globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. These changes have diminished or changed the govetnment's ability and capacity against regional and international pressures. The raise or reduction in the government's power, a change in their capacity , ability or disability and in the regional and international conflicts and struggles, the negotiations in the national security which is a combination of modern-traditional discourse and post-modernism and its political legitimacy have influenced political security and integration. These changes have led to the classification of the country into four groups of 1) big powers, 2) the presence of countries in the stable regions, 3) the countries in crisis regions, and 4) weak and defeated countries.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

304 - Political sociology of political developments of the Qajar government from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory
Ghasem Gol hoseini Manije Kazemi Shahrazad Sasanpour Daud Ebrahimpour

10.30495/jss.2023.1985135.1556

The main goal of the present study was to analyze political sociological developments of the Qajar government from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory. In this article, the following research questions are investigated: How can the political More

The main goal of the present study was to analyze political sociological developments of the Qajar government from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory. In this article, the following research questions are investigated: How can the political developments of the Qajar dynasty be analyzed from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory? What was the role of the elites in creating the changes of the Qajar period? The research method was practical in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it was qualitative in a documentary and library style, and data collection tools were slips and note-taking. Pareto introduces the circulation of elites in the history of societies as a necessary and natural factor in the direction of progress. The political sociological analysis of the political developments of the Qajar regime showed that the lack of circulation of elites in the society of the Qajar era caused the imbalance of the political system and the appropriate response to political and social developments, in addition to proving the inefficiency of the official elites, it paved the way for entering new elites in the political domain. With the fall of the tsarist government in Russia, the Qajar government, which relied on the political structure of tribal kings, suffered social disintegration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

305 - Sociology of Novelty Developments in Iran
Roohollah Rashid kershan Samad Sabbagh

This study seeks to provide sociological explanations for “novelty” in Iran. The key question is “How the social institutions deal with “novelty”?” In this study a combination of theories of "Iranian novelty”, “indigenous More

This study seeks to provide sociological explanations for “novelty” in Iran. The key question is “How the social institutions deal with “novelty”?” In this study a combination of theories of "Iranian novelty”, “indigenous novelty”, “National and alien novelty” presented by scholars such as Taghi Azad Armaki, Dr. Jamshid Behnam and Dr. Moosa Najafi. The sum of these theories is based on two points: First, modernity is different from novelty. Second, any community can experience its own novelty. The research method is documentary and data are collected by library method. The research results indicate that the governments have provided the areas for emergence of novelty in the past two hundred years in Iran. They have often followed all technological and material aspects of novelty. Iranian clergy have played a role in making the ground for novelty under three groups of “proponents”, “opponents” and “critics”. Also, Iranian intellectuals have welcomed novelty in the form of “proof, criticism and rejection”. The purity of knowledge and attachment of the intellectuals to novelty and its principles and achievements have been more than the rulers and clergies Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

306 - Iranian culture and civilization and globalization; opportunities and challenges
Mohammad Yousefi Joybari Nejat Mohhamadifar

Globalization is a process in which different technical, political, cultural and economic parts of different nations changed to be transnational with the development of connections through which national governments increasingly linked to each other. This dependence and More

Globalization is a process in which different technical, political, cultural and economic parts of different nations changed to be transnational with the development of connections through which national governments increasingly linked to each other. This dependence and connections cause problems for national sovereignty and national government. This concept didn't have scientific validity until the early 1980's, but since then its application has been global.                                                                                                                                            Globalization creates many opportunities and challenges, and Iran due to its geographical and historical features which put it in the cultural crossroad of the world, has had wide connection with different nations. This is mainly influenced by the strategic location of Iran that western countries were always trying to exploit it to achieve their own goals and interests. These connections in recent century, especially in the late Qajar were taken a new form of colonization and it continued with many ups and downs during the Pahlavi regime. With the Islamic revolution, the connection of Iran with the world was taken a new form, which sometimes has been influenced by the revolutionary atmosphere and specific circumstances. With the ending of the imposed war, there were more opportunities for Iran to increase its connection with the world. This process has had different aspects of cultural, political, economic and etc., among them cultural aspect has been the most important. Because of its long history of civilization and culture, Iran has a huge potential to influence the global trends. Cultural aspects of Iranian civilization, has always had a significant manifestations in the world which indicates the Iranian high cultural capacity to retain itself and even influence on other cultures. The problem now seems to be considered by cultural authorities, is the offering of national culture symbols in a way, understandable and appealing to today's generation and avoidance of any dogmatism and intolerance in cultural affairs. This paper describes the cultural views about globalization and investigates the position of Iranian culture and its role in the process of globalization and also, challenges and opportunities facing it. Some guidelines and recommendations for dealing with the challenges and using the opportunities are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

307 - A local leadership model for adaptive studying of leadership style of government and non-government newspapers.
Ali Akbar Farhangi Nasser Mirsepasi Gholamrezai Memarzadeh Tehran Mehran Samadi

This study intends to identify a model of local leadership for government and non-government newspapers and also, to compare the model of leadership in the government and non-government newspapers. For this purpose, first all leadership models have studied and combined More

This study intends to identify a model of local leadership for government and non-government newspapers and also, to compare the model of leadership in the government and non-government newspapers. For this purpose, first all leadership models have studied and combined with Islamic leadership model and then 134 indexes were selected as optimal indexes of local leadership. These indexes were sent for 56 media management professors and newspaper managers. After factor analysis, 68 items were classified in four factors that the charismatic leader with 32 items, learning with 18 items, values - ethnics with 12 items and communications skills (empathy) with 6 items were obtained. After implementing a questionnaire in pilot study and using Cronbach alpha, six items were deleted. Finally the charismatic leadership with 32 items, learning with 16 items, values - ethnics with 9 items and communications skills (empathy) with 5items was selected. The questionnaire were distributed among the employees of four newspapers and its results show that, there is a significant difference between leadership in government and non-government newspapers in four factors of charismatic leadership, learning, values-ethics and empathy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

308 - Examination of effective social factors on students' tendency toward enjoining righteousness in academic centers of Azerbaijan Sharghi province
Ali H ashemianfar Mehrdad Mohammadian

In this research the obligation of enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil in academic centers, and the effective social factors on university students’ tendency toward righteousness were identified. For surveying the relationship between identified variables More

In this research the obligation of enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil in academic centers, and the effective social factors on university students’ tendency toward righteousness were identified. For surveying the relationship between identified variables and students' tendency toward righteousness, 420 students of province were selected as the statistical sample. They were selected randomly from the state, Azad and Payamnoor universities of Tabriz, Maraghe and Heris who were studying in different majors. The required information was gathered by a researcher –made questionnaire. After interviewing and gathering the data, the SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results of analysis show that, the students' tendency rate toward righteousness is slightly more than the average. Also, the tendency rate of Payamnoor students was more than students of Azad and state universities, and also, the tendency rate of students of human sciences was more than the students of technical-engineering and basic sciences. Moreover, the analysis show that, there is a relationship between the religious tendencies of students, their family, the performance of public organizations, the performance of executives, professors and university staff, friend or civil groups, lawful necessities, kind of university and educational field, dimensions of social-economic base of students' family, and tendency toward enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

309 - The crises of the process of government and nation building and its role on the formation of fundamentalism in Middle East (Case study: Iraq and Syria)
Sedigheh Moradzadeh Ehsan Shakeri Khoyee

The aim of the present study is the process of the government and nation building and its role on the formation of religious fundamentalism in Middle East, as the case study of Iraq and Syria. Explanation of the components of nation building in Middle East communities, More

The aim of the present study is the process of the government and nation building and its role on the formation of religious fundamentalism in Middle East, as the case study of Iraq and Syria. Explanation of the components of nation building in Middle East communities, explanation of the formation and social structure of Iraqi and Syrian communities and explanation of the social origin of the emergence of ISIS are also among the aims of this study. The research hypotheses are: Incomplete government and nation building in the Middle East (Iraq and Syria) that caused the formation of religious fundamentalism, diverse structure and plural ethnic, religious and mosaic communities of Iraq and Syria, incomplete and artificial government- nation building on the basis of the Sykes-Picot agreement in Middle East countries and the process of government- nation building that caused the accumulation of debts and lack of its realization in Iraq and Syria. Case study in this research is in connection with the religious fundamentalism in Iraq and Syria. The timeframe of the research is related to the period after the occupation of Iraq and toppling Saddam Hussein’s regime in years 2003 up to now, and also social-political developments in Syria after the death of Hafez al-Assad in years 2000 and coming to power of Bashar al-Assad.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

310 - The sociological study of job conscience and organizational factors influencing on them (A comparative study of government staff in Tehran and Yasooj)
Maryam Gashtasb Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Bakhtyar Karami

The present paper studies the job conscience of government staff in Tehran andYasooj and organizational factors influencing on them. In this study the theories of Durham, Haber mass, Parsons, and Maslow were used. The aim of this study was to identify the level of consc More

The present paper studies the job conscience of government staff in Tehran andYasooj and organizational factors influencing on them. In this study the theories of Durham, Haber mass, Parsons, and Maslow were used. The aim of this study was to identify the level of consciousness among employees working in the public sector (state, governor, and mayor) and the factors affecting on them. The research method is survey and the data were collected through questionnaire. The sample population was 386 who were selected by quota sampling. The relationship between the independent variables of the sense of organizational justice, organizational participation, role strain, role clarity and organizational and job status and the dependent variable of work conscience have been measured. The results show that the amount of job conscience is 76/3 and the average upward. Also job conscience inYasooj is 45/3and in Tehran is 37/3. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

311 - The civilians’ rights in Islamic government: reviewing the verdict of apostasy because of its repetition
Abdollah Bagheri seyyed Mohamadsadegh Aahmadi gholamhossien masood

As far as the penalty of the apostasy is concerned, in case of the repetition of the crime by the accused people, there is a debate among Imamieh religious scholars.  The majority of the jurisprudents believe that in case of the repletion of the crime in the fourth More

As far as the penalty of the apostasy is concerned, in case of the repetition of the crime by the accused people, there is a debate among Imamieh religious scholars.  The majority of the jurisprudents believe that in case of the repletion of the crime in the fourth time, the death penalty is unavoidable.  On the contrary, other religious scholars are of the different on the issue.  The present study, adopting an analytic and critical stance, has answered the question whether there is a sufficient evidence for accusing the people in the second or third and even the fourth time of apostasy to be sentenced to death penalty or not? The present study capitalizing on Iranian constitution which recommends that we should refer to the Islamic jurisprudence. The present study recommends that not to perform the death penalty in case of repeating the crime considering the fact the in Islamic punishment law, the crime has not been formalized Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

312 - The process of monitoring the systems and entities of the government in a system based on divine sovereignty with a view to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
mohamad mehdi resketi Ali Banaee_Mehr Seyed Askari_Hoseini_Moghadam

One of the most important types of governance throughout history has been the concept of divine sovereignty, and since the claimant is the correct type of government, government oversight should be complete and comprehensive. A close acquaintance with Shi'ite thinking a More

One of the most important types of governance throughout history has been the concept of divine sovereignty, and since the claimant is the correct type of government, government oversight should be complete and comprehensive. A close acquaintance with Shi'ite thinking about divine sovereignty, based on the current constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a comprehensive reflection, and can be exploited in comparative studies to be another step towards approaching justice. Be removed in government. This theory was abused during history and, with God's will, any injustice was imposed on the people. But in God's true sovereignty, God has never asked for the spread of oppression and oppression, so there was no contradiction between controlling the state and the divine right of sovereignty. Several tools were in place to control the rulers of the society, so that the path to justice would not be distorted. In the view of divine sovereignty, the focus is first on the internal supervision of individuals, and then on external supervision, and in addition to the government's control of the governors, people are also right in this regard and emphasize their active participation in the advancement of governance. Also, according to religious principles, the use of human experiences is also permissible considering time and place conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

313 - Studies of Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic system based on Islamic standards and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
reza asghari davood ghasemi ali babaei mehr

10.3495/jiil.2023.1899492.1433

The study of the standards of the Islamic religion shows that it was not limited to the Prophet Khatam's mission and later; Rather, he presented a system from the beginning of Adam's life.The majority of Iranians changed the government to the Islamic Republic in support More

The study of the standards of the Islamic religion shows that it was not limited to the Prophet Khatam's mission and later; Rather, he presented a system from the beginning of Adam's life.The majority of Iranians changed the government to the Islamic Republic in support of the referendum of the Islamic Republic on 10/11/1358 AH and the ratification of the constitution adopted on 24/8/1358 AH. There have been discussions about reforming the system based on Islamic standards; some of the rules of jurisprudence are hidden or not enforced in the constitution, such as the place of Islamic medicine in systematization as a substitute for health and medical care under Directives 2301 /. 116, dated 9/2/1377 and 11415/13 dated 23/6/1377, prohibited physicians from performing cupping in the offices and led to a complaint against the Shari'ah and the constitution based on the 55th verse of the Holy Quran and the fifth principle of this law. نامه According to Letter No. 1647/21/80 dated 5/4/1380 Dear Secretary (Commentary dated 3/4/1380): The jurists of the Guardian Council: Mhhay banned bloodletting has pointed out that doing was illegal. "Circulars in judgments No. 118 dated 17/4/1380 General Board of Administrative Justice Court was falsified. In this paper, a descriptive-analytical method is used to measure the quantity and quality of people's and theocratic view of government. Manuscript profile

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314 - Jurisprudential and legal foundations of the government's responsibility for the welfare of citizens
عطااله پورحسین mohammad mazhari Abolfazl Ranjbari

10.3495/jiil.2023.1907844.1691

Social security and well-being of citizens and the responsibility of governments in fulfilling it has been one of the most important human needs and one of the main factors in maintaining and continuing life throughout human life. From the point of view of national deve More

Social security and well-being of citizens and the responsibility of governments in fulfilling it has been one of the most important human needs and one of the main factors in maintaining and continuing life throughout human life. From the point of view of national development, social justice and economic growth, ensuring the well-being of citizens, the quantity and quality of food consumption patterns, and the health and hygiene of people in the society, is the main in the context of human-centered movement, and issues such as lack of welfare and malnutrition are effective deterrents. It is considered on the process of national development.The research method is descriptive and analytical which is collected through the library method. The purpose of the research is to examine the responsibility of the government towards the welfare of the citizens, the findings of the research indicate that according to the rules of Islam such as verses, hadiths and traditions and domestic laws such as the constitution and customary laws and documents such as the vision document on the issue of providing social welfare by the rulers and considers it one of the important duties of the government.If the government does not fulfill its duties towards the citizens and it leads to damage to them, it is required to compensate the damage or has a so-called civil liability. In order to establish civil liability, it is necessary to have three pillars of harm, the commission of a harmful act and the relationship between them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

315 - Investigating the Implications of Transparency in Government Efficiency in Iran
Mohsen Farsaei masoud motallebi Asghar Arabian mostafa abtahi

Abstract:Weakness in government functions means the executive branch in many developing countries, including Iran, is evidence of the growing conditions for the spread of administrative secrecy and corruption in these countries. In most of these countries, the source an More

Abstract:Weakness in government functions means the executive branch in many developing countries, including Iran, is evidence of the growing conditions for the spread of administrative secrecy and corruption in these countries. In most of these countries, the source and cause of government inefficiency, the existence of variables such as corruption, secrecy and lack of transparency, rent-seeking in obtaining legal privileges and economic licenses, reduced productivity, employment and unprofitable activities of government employees, disregard for the principle Meritocracy and the rule of gangsterism and the appointment of incompetent people in managerial fields. How to increase the efficiency of the government by prioritizing transparency and countering rent-seeking and discrimination (corruption)? And what are the executive strategies for achieving real government efficiency? And does tackling corruption and creating transparency lead to government efficiency and public satisfaction? The results of the studies conducted in this study can increase the constructive, trusting relations in economic and political systems between the government and the people and, as a result, bring the strength of national development programs and the quality and efficiency of the government in the sense of executive power. Brought. This research examines the effectiveness of government through existing information and records and uses standards related to a qualitative research based on interpretive methodology and content analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

316 - Analyzing the hegemony of Hassan Rouhani's government's moderation discourse from the perspective of Laclau and Moffe discourse analysis
Farzaneh Rahmati mohammadreza dehshiri reza simbar Garineh Keshishyan Siraki

The discourse of moderation in the 11th presidential election in the tense political-economic environment due to the inefficiency of the ruling discourse in the country was able to reach the public. Hassan Rouhani, the bearer of the discourse of moderation, by generaliz More

The discourse of moderation in the 11th presidential election in the tense political-economic environment due to the inefficiency of the ruling discourse in the country was able to reach the public. Hassan Rouhani, the bearer of the discourse of moderation, by generalizing the approach of moderation and constructive interaction in this discourse and articulating the various signs of the semantic system governing the discourse, generalized and challenged the hegemony of the ruling discourse and imposed his desired order on society and ruling discourse. Making. The discourse of moderation in the discourse conflict, relying on the central signifier of constructive interaction and due to having an active and coherent subject position with the marginalization process and highlighting in the discourse competition, prevails against the ruling discourse of the country and other competing discourses. Gain more prestige among the people and become hegemonic. The present study, based on Laclau and Moff's theory of discourse, explains the discourse of the Eleventh Government and seeks to examine how the dominant discourse becomes hegemonic due to the conflicts and hegemonic rivalries between this discourse and the discourse of justice-oriented fundamentalism and the emergence and hegemony of moderation. Manuscript profile

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317 - The evolution of philosophical views on the place of man in government
Saadullah Ebrahimi Ahmadabad Seyed Mustafa Abtahi Mustafa Kawakbian

The relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically More

The relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically representatives of philosophical views from ancient times to the modern period have been researched. The results of this study show that the share and position of people in the philosophical views of antiquity and the Middle Ages is limited. In ancient times, the role of the people was not recognized as a group with rights or political will. This thinking has continued in the Middle Ages. In the modern era, for the first time, people are clearly beyond the group for whom the government has educational duties or overpowers; They appear in political philosophy, and concepts such as social contract for Hobbes and fiduciary for Locke present government as the manifestation of the collective will of the people. Hobbes prescribes a kind of absolute government, Locke gives originality to individuality, and presents the state as the agent of the people. Weber is also based on the three forms of authority, and the relationship between government and people is accepted in his thought as a form of authority. But Kant, by focusing on the position of man in government and the characteristics he names for it, considers the republican government to be the only legitimate government in the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

318 - Analysis of anti-government discourse in the experience of the Republic of Kurdistan (Mahabad 1946)
ABDOLAZIZ MOLOUDI Majid Tavasoli roknabadi Mohamadmahdi Mojahedi

Formation of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad in 1946, after the Russians refused to leave Iran during World War II, was an important event at that time that had a significant impact on both the country's developments and on the future. The Kurdish newspaper, was th More

Formation of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad in 1946, after the Russians refused to leave Iran during World War II, was an important event at that time that had a significant impact on both the country's developments and on the future. The Kurdish newspaper, was the Official language of the Republic of Kurdistan and the KDPI, that led by Ghazi Mohammad, and are therefore one of the valuable sources for reviewing, analyzing, and criticizing the events of this period.Based on the qualitative discourse analysis model of Norman Fairclough, this article analyzes the discourse of Anti- government in the experience of the Republic of Kurdistan by examining articles published in the Kurdistan newspaper.The main question is whether is there a political discourse of anti-government in the Republic of Kurdistan? According to the results, the experience of the Kurdistan Republic is a part of the results of the despotism in Iran during the Qajars and Pahlavi regimes. Hence, the main discourse of the republic is freedom and democracy, and, then there is Kurdish nationalism in the pursuit of autonomy within the political framework of the Iranian government.The approach of the Republic of Kurdistan has not been an anti- government. Rather, it was a confrontation with despotism, a popular demand that coincided with the social movement of the Iranian people against the political despotism of Iran. Manuscript profile

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319 - Basics of Salafi fundamentalism political thought
Mohammad Taheri Khonakdari

The withdrawal of American forces from Kabul in August 2021 and the formation of the Islamic Emirate in Afghanistan following the escape of the country's legal government, once again turned words such as Al-Qaeda, Taliban, ISIS, extremist, radical and fundamentalist for More

The withdrawal of American forces from Kabul in August 2021 and the formation of the Islamic Emirate in Afghanistan following the escape of the country's legal government, once again turned words such as Al-Qaeda, Taliban, ISIS, extremist, radical and fundamentalist forces into the headlines of the news and analytical media. . It is very important to know where these groups originate from and what are their thoughts based on? It seems that the political thought of these groups does not lack a framework, but is supported by a set of epistemological, ontological, anthropological, sociological and epistemological data. In this article, using the hermeneutic method, we will examine the basic foundations of the political thought of Salafist Islamist groups. Groups that are mentioned under different titles such as Islamic fundamentalism, Salafi, Daesh, Taliban and the like. Of course, these groups may have differences with each other from different angles, but they have many commonalities in the basics, which are considered according to these common basics. Manuscript profile

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320 - The role of religious and political institutions in the stability of governments in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and it's comparison with Weber's thories governors
Alireza Majidi

In this article,the influence of religious and political institutions on the stability of governments is examined as one of the most important components of political life and also one of the main factors of the authority and stability of governments. In this study,we c More

In this article,the influence of religious and political institutions on the stability of governments is examined as one of the most important components of political life and also one of the main factors of the authority and stability of governments. In this study,we compare the religious and political institutions mentioned in the Shahnameh and the history of old Iranshahri,as well as the political institutions effective in the stability of governments from the point of view of Weber,one of the most important western thinkers. It has been submitted and will be paid. In this article, the method of text analysis has been used and the theory of Leo Strauss regarding the study of ancient texts has been taken into consideration .The theoretical conclusion of this article is that religious and political institutions have a decisive role in the survival of governments,but depending on the macro policies of the government,its effect on the stability of the governments varies,that is, political institutions play a role in relation to the macro policies of the governments. In an ideological government, political institutions are at the disposal of the rulers, and through those political institutions, they apply the ideology of the continuation of domination and in other words the stability of the government.In this type of government,expertise is generally sacrificed for commitment to ideology,while in democratic governments Political institutions, based on a pre-defined and organized system, work to improve the methods of good governance of the country,circulation of elites and improvement of citizens' lives. Manuscript profile

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321 - Reconstructing the Liberalists and Communitarians Discourse over Sandel`s Criticisms of Liberal Democracy
Ali Asghar Kazemi Hasan Bojmehrani

Thinkers like Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alsadair Maclentyre and Michael Valdez, who are called communitarians, believe that liberal attitude of a person as a self-foundation and selective subject in nature cannot guarantee the understanding of communicative and co More

Thinkers like Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alsadair Maclentyre and Michael Valdez, who are called communitarians, believe that liberal attitude of a person as a self-foundation and selective subject in nature cannot guarantee the understanding of communicative and connective status of the person with social traditions and culture. Presenting a disarranged picture from the relation between person and society can lead to inadequacy in defining the human values like justice, freedom, equality, and moral virtues. Furthermore, communitarian thinkers have criticized ideas like the notion of non-textual self, impartiality of government, and universality of liberalist ideas. As an example, Sandel has followed the roots of declining of American republican idealism in procedural liberalism as an immediate result of such idealisms. In contrast, liberalists have attempted to prepare an adequate response which has brought about this academic debate between these two groups. Hence, the first aim is to reconstruct Sandel`s criticisms of liberalism.  Secondly, by presenting the liberalists and communitarians arguments, Sandel`s ideas and thoughts have been investigated from a theoretical and practical perspectives. Theoretically, Sandel has analyzed the notion of non-textual self of a person and has discussed about its incongruity and its deficiency. Government impartiality and procedural liberalism has been criticized from practical view point. Manuscript profile

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322 - Personalist Government and Coup d’états in Contemporary Iran; Comparative study of 1299, 1332 & 1359 coup d’états
علیرضا سمیعی اصفهانی یونس خداپرست

In Weberian viewpoint personalist rule and its extreme version, sultanism, is a type of traditional authority which also according to the theorists of comparative politics and government of the 20th century, should be placed in the category of non-democratic regimes. Th More

In Weberian viewpoint personalist rule and its extreme version, sultanism, is a type of traditional authority which also according to the theorists of comparative politics and government of the 20th century, should be placed in the category of non-democratic regimes. These regimes are usually characterized by personalization of power, institutional weakness, political corruption, use of violence and coercive instruments and so on. In Iran, the first personalist government was Reza Shah’s absolutist state which was established as the result of 1299 coup d’état, after that, by relying on modern army, the foundation of a new dynasty was set up and the path was paved toward authoritarianism. Although this army tried to secure Pahlavi's dynasty by 1332 and 1359 coup d’état but this key institution in Pahlavi's presonalist state finally failed to rescue it from overthrow. The main purpose of this article is to answer this question and other similar ones. To do so, in comparative perspective and by using theoretical models of theorists like Janowitz, Huntington and especially A. S. Finer, we try to study three coup d’état in terms of leadership, ideology and the extent of soldier's intervention in politics and also the role of foreign powers in establishing this trend. Manuscript profile

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323 - John Lock and Explanation of “Labor-Value” Theory in the Liberal Government and Bourgeois Society
علی دارابی

John Lock is considered one of the most prominent theorists on property in bourgeois society. His intellectual and, to some extent, moral views are applied to the rationalization of inequality within the nation and the efficiency of colonialism and dominance in the inte More

John Lock is considered one of the most prominent theorists on property in bourgeois society. His intellectual and, to some extent, moral views are applied to the rationalization of inequality within the nation and the efficiency of colonialism and dominance in the international community within the system of liberal economy and capitalism. This article analyses the Britain’s economic condition during John Lock’s life time and explain how the landlord system and the establishment of centralized government and bourgeois class deteriorated. Hence, the main objective in this article is how John Lock with his theory of “Labor-value” and the linkage between two concepts of liberty and capital accumulation could provide philosophic and moral rational for capitalists grip on the poor internally and the success of British colonialism in international community. This paper also intends, by decoding the theory of “Labor-value “to show how and why property and respect for the right of property owners has become one of the fundamental pillars of liberal economy and the development of liberal system. Manuscript profile

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324 - The role of cyberspace on the situation of the public sphere in Iran
saeed bashiri seyyed mostafa abtahi Ali Morshedizad

Today, the phenomenon of information and communication revolution and its well-known product, cyberspace and social networks, are making fundamental and wide-ranging changes in the nature of socio-political forms and structures in various societies, and this has occupie More

Today, the phenomenon of information and communication revolution and its well-known product, cyberspace and social networks, are making fundamental and wide-ranging changes in the nature of socio-political forms and structures in various societies, and this has occupied the minds of researchers about how and the consequences and effects of these changes. Is. Cyberspace has been effective on all social, political, economic and cultural spheres of societies and due to its capacities such as speed, learning, permanent access, two-way and multi-way interaction, extra-space and extra-temporal, it has been able to be considered as a basic and effective tool on citizen relations. . The research seeks to investigate the role of cyberspace and social networks on creating and strengthening the public sphere among Iranians. The research has been done using descriptive-analytical method and study of documents and libraries and in collecting information from books, articles and websites. Findings show that cyberspace and its latest achievement, namely social networks, play an important and fundamental role in directing and enlightening public opinion, raising awareness in society, strengthening the functions of civil society and non-governmental organizations. The results indicate that cyberspace has played an effective and positive role in redefining and strengthening the public sphere among Iranians. Manuscript profile

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325 - An Investigation of Jurisprudence Principals of Unfixed Taxes
abdoljabar zargoshnasab Taher alimohammadi Masoumeh Gheybi

In an Islamic government, taxes fall under two categories: Fixed and unfixed. Fixed taxes are the ones specified in the religious texts in terms of amount and rate unfixed taxes are those imposed as per the necessities and needs of the society, the amount and type of wh More

In an Islamic government, taxes fall under two categories: Fixed and unfixed. Fixed taxes are the ones specified in the religious texts in terms of amount and rate unfixed taxes are those imposed as per the necessities and needs of the society, the amount and type of which varies depending on the time and place requirements. Because imposing unfixed taxes in an Islamic society must conform to the Islamic religious teachings to be accepted by the theologians, investigating the related jurisprudence principals is of prime importance. In this analytical-descriptive study, after investigating the Holy Quran verses, sayings by Holy Prophet or Imams, jurisprudence principals and Islamic regulations such as Velayat-e-Amr of the Islamic Jurists a system of government wherein the Islamic clergies (Ulema) have the ultimate saying in the military, judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government, it was revealed that imposing such taxes by the Islamic government is not only allowed but also obligatory in some cases. Manuscript profile

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326 - Reinvestigation of Jurisprudential Policies at Population Control and Family Regulation
forozan alaei Sosan Aal Rasoul

To give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of More

To give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of jurisprudences ideas and their basis. So we will analyze it, after explanation of four main ideas about population, in the opinion of Muslim jurisprudences that is conforming to each of them. Anyway, Islam never had ordered about increasing or decreasing population, explicitly and clearly, so the final strategy will he determined in respect to Islamic principles and doctrines and time and place necessities and social conditions. This important duty in this responsibility of Islamic ruler, that issues â€œThe governor ruleâ€ to keep the public discipline, and orders new rules and occasional laws to regulate the social affairs, based on the interests and mischievous that determines, and reacts to special needs of time and place, while keeping the basis. It proves that Islam conforms to the theory of proportional population. Manuscript profile

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327 - Taqas in Government-owned Property
Alimazhar Qaramaleki Ali Asgahr Afshari

Although Taqas (Offset of debts) is an undisputed precept of Imamiyah  jurisprudence and there is no dispute over permissibility of setting off debts from natural persons' property by taking the debtor's property -who denies to pay off his debt- without his More

Although Taqas (Offset of debts) is an undisputed precept of Imamiyah  jurisprudence and there is no dispute over permissibility of setting off debts from natural persons' property by taking the debtor's property -who denies to pay off his debt- without his permission, the issue is to set off debts from government-owned property, i.e. is it permissible for natural persons to set off debts from legal persons' property? In spite of the importance of the issue, Imamiyah jurists have not discussed the matter except some hints given in margins of some chapters; or in response to some requests for judicial opinion from Imam Khomeini and some other contemporary scholars. After mentioning the viewpoints in this regard, this paper states the reasons of permissibility of Taqas from government-owned property and discusses them to evaluate the possible objections supporting the impermissibility view and finally according to Sahiha of  Davoud Ibn Razin and concerning generality and absoluteness of some other reasons of Taqas consisting of Quranic verses and narrations, it deduces that under some conditions, it is permissible to set off debts from government-owned property. Manuscript profile

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328 - Jurisprudential and legal challenges of Bitcoin in Iran's legal system
asghar khajavi Syed Morteza Ghasem Zadeh Kourosh Jafarpur

10.22034/ijrj.2023.1965859.4262

In our country, there is still no unified position and coherent regulations in the field of virtual currencies, especially Bitcoin, and in order to formulate appropriate laws, it is necessary to know the jurisprudential and legal challenges of this trend. In terms of le More

In our country, there is still no unified position and coherent regulations in the field of virtual currencies, especially Bitcoin, and in order to formulate appropriate laws, it is necessary to know the jurisprudential and legal challenges of this trend. In terms of legal analysis, the findings of the research showed that bitcoins are in the form of numbers and data, they are considered a non-physical money, which are considered real (not benefit) in terms of having existential independence and not depending on another's property. From a legal point of view, these currencies are considered tangible, movable, scarce, and they should be classified as objective rights.The analysis of bitcoin using purely legal and jurisprudential techniques and arguments in the context of private law and personal jurisprudence indicates that there is no major problem and obstacle in front of the prescription of this currency and related transactions, but because virtual currencies with wealth, resources Financial and in general economy of the society is related. Explaining the topics in the light of public law and government jurisprudence is more compatible with reality. Manuscript profile

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329 - The government's civil responsibility in protecting citizens' health from the perspective of Shia jurisprudence, citizenship rights and international documents
hossein esmail zade Abbas Moghaddari Aimiri Abdolhamid Mortazavi

10.22034/ijrj.2023.705520

The right to health and treatment, as one of the obligations of the government, provides the necessary platform for better implementation, and citizens will be able to achieve their legal rights in a better way. Governments have duties to protect the health of citizens, More

The right to health and treatment, as one of the obligations of the government, provides the necessary platform for better implementation, and citizens will be able to achieve their legal rights in a better way. Governments have duties to protect the health of citizens, and if the government does not fulfill its obligations and causes damage to citizens, the government must compensate for the damage. Especially since the government is fully responsible for providing public health and meeting medical needs, according to the covenant between the nation and the government and international agreements and obligations. Therefore, the civil responsibility of the government means the responsibility arising from the activities of the government. Therefore, it will be stated in this article, the government's responsibility may be due to the failure to fulfill the duties towards the people, the undesired performance of the duties, or the delay in the fulfillment of the duties and obligations of the government towards the people. Therefore, the civil responsibility of the government may be due to the performance of the government or government employees who have played a role in the occurrence of factors that affect the health of the people, or they did not do so in situations where they could have prevented it or solved it. Manuscript profile

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330 - Feasibility study of criminalization of soft annihilation of the Islamic government with the viewpoint of rebellion concept
Mohammad Sadeq IranAghideh Alireza Saberian Sayyad Ali Jabbar GHolbaghi Masoleh

10.22034/ijrj.2022.697875

Soft annihilation of the Islamic government is considered like the velvet revolutions which is discussed in the political literature of fight as a newly emerging phenomenon and new issue in Islamic criminal law. It has attracted the attention of thinkers and the field o More

Soft annihilation of the Islamic government is considered like the velvet revolutions which is discussed in the political literature of fight as a newly emerging phenomenon and new issue in Islamic criminal law. It has attracted the attention of thinkers and the field of humanities. The method and type of actions of law breakers of soft annihilation is utilizing modern technology like satellites and virtual environment plus civil protests that threats Islamic governments. The method of action is different soft and hard annihilation but the goal and the result are the same. Both methods work for downfall of the Islamic government. With respect to this fact the necessity of investigating and analyzing the subject is really felt need. The vast attention to the conceptual scope of the world rebellion (revolt) shows the fact that rebellion with this characteristic should be considered as possibility of criminalization of Islamic government. Manuscript profile

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331 - A Reflection on the Effect of Amare Yad on Money Laundering
hossein tajabady mohammad sadegh azadfar Ali Banaee

10.22034/ijrj.2020.678157

The phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of More

The phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries, passed the Anti-Money Laundering Law in twelve articles to combat money laundering. In addition to the problems and destructive effects that this phenomenon has on the economies of countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran, the existence of Article 1 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law has caused many problems, including the failure to open cases and vote. Accordingly, the present study, relying on traditional arguments of the rule of Amare Yad and government jurisprudence, examines its effect on the crime of money laundering and the rightness or wrongness of removing it from the law, and then concludes that the removal of Amare Yad on the crime of money laundering is against the rules and regulations of Sharia and law. Manuscript profile

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332 - The Legitimacy of Cryptocurrency in Governmental and Individual Jurisprudence
Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan

10.22034/ijrj.2020.675498

Within the past decade, cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, have been among the resultants of information technology development in the international and even internal financial system which have had benefits such as the expansion of international currency exchanges an More

Within the past decade, cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, have been among the resultants of information technology development in the international and even internal financial system which have had benefits such as the expansion of international currency exchanges and cheeping against challenges like increase in a number of crimes like money laundering and violations of financial and economic order of the countries. From the individual jurisprudence point of view, the cryptocurrencies are considered as a kind of property and their transactions are not usorious and uncertain (Gharar); therefore, if the trading base of cryptocurrencies is correct from the jurisprudential point of view, the exchange of cryptocurrencies is permissible in legal terms. But if the trade base of cryptocurrencies is not legitimate, their trade is void and forbidden. From the point of view of governmental jurisprudence, however, the status of cryptocurrencies exchanges is different.  In accordance with no harm, respect, government system maintannace, action (Iqdam), and justice principles, all of which prevent the implementation of inappropriate monetary policies and the excessive increase in the amount of money in the Islamic economic system, it is essential that their trading is prevented until a legal system for the control of cryptocurrencies have been created by the government in the economy of the country. Manuscript profile

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333 - Jurisprudential and legal explanation of request and acceptance in government tenders and auctions
Samira Sadat Dolatabadi Mohsen Valayati Alireza Pour Ismaili

10.22034/ijrj.2023.702559

In terms of volume and high value, government contracts are of interest to business activists and private sector businessmen. Government contracts, like other contracts, must have the basic conditions of correctness of transactions. In addition, Article 79 of the Public More

In terms of volume and high value, government contracts are of interest to business activists and private sector businessmen. Government contracts, like other contracts, must have the basic conditions of correctness of transactions. In addition, Article 79 of the Public Accounts Law stipulates another condition for the conclusion of government transactions, according to which the conduct of government transactions must be through tenders and auctions, and the terms of auctions and tenders are also in the Public Accounts Law and other regulations for government agencies. It has been specially established. Despite this, the legislator is silent about the role of certain conditions in the formation and conclusion of government contracts. This has caused the nature of government contracts to be ambiguous; Among other things, considering the general rules of contracts and the special rules contained in the special regulations of government transactions, when will the request be issued in government contracts and as a result, what will be the time of concluding the contract? It will be very important to accurately determine the time of issuing the request and the time of concluding the contract, considering the large volume of government transactions and maintaining the rights of the parties to the contract. The results of this research show that there are three stages from the beginning of the tender and auction procedures to the signing of the contract. Publication of tenders and auctions, price proposals from bidders and auctioneers, and finally signing the contract. It seems that the call for tenders is neither a requirement nor a contract, but rather an invitation to make a transaction, and as a result, the price offer of the bidders against the call for tenders is a requirement. Therefore, by determining the winner and concluding the contract, government contracts are concluded. Manuscript profile

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334 - Theory of Agreement on Hadd (Prescribed) Punishments, Religious Jurisprudential Principles and Executive Challenges
Mohammad Ali Hajideh Abadi Abbas Ali Niknasab

10.22034/ijrj.2018.541393

In the Islamic jurisprudence, "prescribed punishments (Hudud)" are an important group of the punishments that are often physical; they have also been taken into consideration by the Iranian criminal legislator after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and have More

In the Islamic jurisprudence, "prescribed punishments (Hudud)" are an important group of the punishments that are often physical; they have also been taken into consideration by the Iranian criminal legislator after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and have been executed for more than three decades. During these years, the execution of some hadd (prescribed) punishments especially the murder and stoning to death has caused some problems for the country. A useful strategy to reduce the negative consequence of executing the physical punishments is to use the agreed reactions. Because based on this strategy, the physical punishments also are in the texts of the laws and can equally fulfill the horrendous target of the punishments. On the other hand, ignoring the execution of the physical punishments and using the agreed punishments in exceptional cases, the criminal can be encouraged to perform the positive and constructive behaviors, to compensate for the damage to the victim and the community and to make up the past, to understand his/her bad behavior and ultimately to improve and to rehabilitate physically and mentally. Regarding the emergence of theory of having an agreement on criminal justice, the question is arisen that is it possible to use the agreed punishments for the crimes that deserve hadd? In the present article, in addition to emphasizing the existence of religious jurisprudential principles and non-negligence of the executive challenges, the possibility of the case execution of the theory in the hadd crimes has been concluded. Manuscript profile

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335 - A New Analysis of Gaining Illicit Property Crime in Iran’s Law
Abolhassan Shakery Amir Alboali

10.22034/ijrj.2017.530243

According to Iran’s law on crimes against properties, mostly a crime named as “gaining illicit property “is documented to Article 2 of aggravated penalties of perpetrators of bribery, embezzlement, fraud, adopted in 1988. The Article is ambiguous since More

According to Iran’s law on crimes against properties, mostly a crime named as “gaining illicit property “is documented to Article 2 of aggravated penalties of perpetrators of bribery, embezzlement, fraud, adopted in 1988. The Article is ambiguous since it isn’t determined to this crime could be committed by any person with any attributes? Or perpetrator of such crime is individuals with specific feature? Because according to the basis and the way the text is composed, the Article refers to peoples that doing any act according to certain rules and regulations and on the behalf of the government to do some business and through this, they have gained a property. Therefore, the word “illicit” here, pertains to acting against determined rules and regulation for the perpetrator. This can be one concept of God ordered in Quran: obtaining the property illegally. Therefore the perpetrator obtain the property belonging to another without any bases. Manuscript profile

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336 - Analysis of Contrary Approaches and Problems about the Theory of "Jurisprudence of the System"
Majid Nourzad Kohsareh Hamid Masjedsaraei

10.22034/ijrj.2021.682417

Firstly, the theory of "jurisprudence of social systems" was crystallized by Shahid Sadr in the book Iqtisaduna (Our Economics) and has been reported as a new approach in jurisprudence, in which the Islamic mujtahid, different from the micro and individual view, to juri More

Firstly, the theory of "jurisprudence of social systems" was crystallized by Shahid Sadr in the book Iqtisaduna (Our Economics) and has been reported as a new approach in jurisprudence, in which the Islamic mujtahid, different from the micro and individual view, to jurisprudence and the category of ijtihad, with a systematic and comprehensive view seeks to analyze jurisprudential issues. He or she seeks to infer the "social systems" from religious sources. Therefore, as individual jurisprudence is responsible for expressing individual rules and duties and is responsible to religionize the actions and conduct of individuals in the jurisprudence of the system, while relying on the Rationalists' decision and the mantaghat-al-faragh. As one of the main elements of this approach, the jurisprudence of the system is responsible for infering the rules of governmental and social structures and relations in order to administer the religious and divine management of society. Therefore, the jurisprudence of the system is an approach that creates the government, society and sovereignty, and in the field of jurisprudence and ijtihad, it competes with its rivals."Secular jurisprudence" and "social jurisprudence" are considered as the two main approaches in front of the "jurisprudence of the system" approach. This article, by emphasizing the re-reading of these views and proposing the problems and disadvantages of the approach of the jurisprudence of the system in order to violate them, insists on the conclusion that all the opposite approaches are rejected and do not have the power to resist in front of the claimant approach. Manuscript profile

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337 - The Scope of the Authority of the Judge in the Exercise of Punishment According to Penal Code 1392
Abbas Karemi Mohsen Akbari

10.22034/ijrj.2020.671702

The jurists have divided the Islamic punishments to variable and fixed punishments. On this basis, hudud, death (qisas) and blood money penalties are deemed to be fixed and discretionary punishments (tazir) are categorized in the second group.  The general principl More

The jurists have divided the Islamic punishments to variable and fixed punishments. On this basis, hudud, death (qisas) and blood money penalties are deemed to be fixed and discretionary punishments (tazir) are categorized in the second group.  The general principle in Tazir punishments is the individualization of the punishment. Therefore, according to the rule "Al-ta'zir bema yarah al-Hakim (penalties issued under of the discretion judges)", the judges have considerable authority in the exercise of punishments based on their discretions and expediency. The power of the judges to apply punishment is not confined to the jurisprudence, but also to the substantive positive law where the judge has also a considerable authority to enforce these types of discretionary punishments. For a precise understanding of this issue, it is necessary to answer a few questions:  What does the above principle mean by the word "ruler"?  How much is the authority range of the judge and what are the existing mechanisms in the exercise of judicial authority? In this paper, along with the recognition of the authority of judges in the exercise of discretionary punishments, concepts such as the judge and the scope of his authority and mechanisms for the exercise of authority according to the positive law and jurisprudence would be studied. Manuscript profile

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338 - Identification of Factors and Components Affecting Performance Management System at Governmental Organizations
hossein mansoori

10.30495/qjopm.2020.579476.2276

The present positivist applied study sought to identify the factors and components affecting the performance management system at governmental organizations at two stages. Initially, the factors and components affecting organizational performance management were identif More

The present positivist applied study sought to identify the factors and components affecting the performance management system at governmental organizations at two stages. Initially, the factors and components affecting organizational performance management were identified based on views of 21 administrative system and university experts that were analyzed through the Delphi technique in three rounds. The results of Delphi analysis revealed 29 factors which were further classified via exploratory factor analysis into five major groups of factors within a questionnaire that could explains 79.5% of the total variance. The construct and content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was then verified via factor analysis and its reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha, indicating a coefficient of 0.846. In the second phase, the validated questionnaire was employed to collect the research data from a sample of 108 governmental organizations selected randomly based on Morgan and Krejci Table. The gleaned research data were subsequently analyzed through SPSS and Amos software and employing confirmatory factor analysis, fitness indexes, assumptions, analysis of variance and Bonferron's post hoc test. The results indicated that five general factors impacting effective performance management of governmental organizations included human resources, customer service, leadership, organizational transformation, and culture and values, respectively. Manuscript profile

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339 - Proposing a Model for Social Performance Management of Governmental Organizations: A Case Study of Najaf Abad, Isfahan
Mehdi Motahari Iraj Soltani Hamid Davazdah Emami

10.30495/qjopm.2020.1875379.2578

  One of the key factors for the survival of governments is constant promotion of performance management in their organizations. This means that if governmental organizations sufficiently respond to different needs of the society, they provide the basics for organ More

  One of the key factors for the survival of governments is constant promotion of performance management in their organizations. This means that if governmental organizations sufficiently respond to different needs of the society, they provide the basics for organizational development and growth. Since there was no model in the context of social performance management in governmental organizationsthis study aims to design this model. After approving the model using Delphi technique as well as gaining the opinions of experts in two intervals with over 80% agreement, the model was presented. Next, 10 major dimensions, 39 components, and 136 indexes were extracted as model items. Then, the model was tested by the panel of experts and it was approved. In terms of objective, result, and data, this study is descriptive and applied using both quantitive and qualitative data. The population of this study included governmental organizations of Najaf Abad. In the quantitative section, 94 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among senior executives. Finally, for data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and Smart-PLs were used. The factor loadings of all items were above 0.4; therefore, the model was reliable. The objective was to present a model for governmental organizations to promote resilience in social accountability and excellence of governmental organizations in productivity.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

340 - Developing Entrepreneurial Government and Promoting Organizational Capacities in the Public Sector: The Entrepreneurial Government Boost in the Public Sector of Sistan and Balouchestan in Focus
Elahe Miri-nejad NourMohammad Yaghoubi Masoud Dehghani

10.30495/qjopm.2022.1928238.3131

In recent decades, the issue of entrepreneurship has attracted a lot of attention in the public sector, creating a new approach to government management called entrepreneurial government which has been raised to address the chronic problems of administrative and governm More

In recent decades, the issue of entrepreneurship has attracted a lot of attention in the public sector, creating a new approach to government management called entrepreneurial government which has been raised to address the chronic problems of administrative and government services. Hence, there is a need to study and identify the drivers that affect this approach. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the drivers for developing entrepreneurial government in the country. To this end, after defining the subject and conducting initial exploratory and library studies, the relevant factors and components were considered by experts using the Delphi method and a researcher-made questionnaire. Having revised the factors and their components qualitatively and quantitatively based on related statistical methods, the experts reached a consensus on the balance among the model, its components, and combination of factors. The study sample in this section included 33 academic experts and professionals familiar with the subject who were recruited through non-probability, judgmental sampling. Then, in order to test the designed model, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 335 managers and experts of the selected public sector organizations in Sistan and Balouchestan province who were recruited through random cluster sampling. Finally, PLS 3 was performed to analyze the data. The results showed that three categories of structural, content and contextual drivers are effective on the development of entrepreneurial government in the country, from among which content factors with an impact factor of 43.6 have the greatest impact on the development of entrepreneurial government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

341 - Designing productivity model for governmental Organizations in Iran
Assadullah Karimi Shahabi Golamreza Meamar zadeh Seyed Mehdi Alavany Mahmood Modeari

The main purpose of the present study was designing productivity model for governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, the conceptual model base on the factors affecting the productivity of g More

The main purpose of the present study was designing productivity model for governmental organizations in Iran. In this regard, after studying the literature and theoretical foundations of research, the conceptual model base on the factors affecting the productivity of governmental organizations in three categories namely, environmental, organizational, individual and the main productivity barriers were designed. Two questionnaires (17 and 19) questions were used to rank each categories effect on productivity and also on barriers. To compose the questionnaires, the university and organization’s experts were consulted. The questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 50 people. The results showed that productivity in governmental organizations the “environmental factors” having the most influential, and “individual factors” getting the most influential. The work ethic got the first priority.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

342 - Necessity of Creating Electronic Cities in Sustainable Development (Case Study of Tabriz Zone 6)
Bahman Hadili Ali Zeynaly Azeem

The present paper studies the necessity of creating an electronic city in the sustainable development of the 6th zone of Tabriz.The main research question is whether creating e-cities is necessary for sustainable development. The research method is descriptive and appli More

The present paper studies the necessity of creating an electronic city in the sustainable development of the 6th zone of Tabriz.The main research question is whether creating e-cities is necessary for sustainable development. The research method is descriptive and applied. The statistical population includes all the employees of Tabriz Municipality. The research sample was obtained using Morgan's Chart. In order to collect data, Likert's spectrum technique was used. This research aims, by providing the theoretical and conceptual framework and by clarifying the relationship between the e-city and sustainable development, to justify scientifically the necessity of creating e-cities in the world of sustainable development. The findings show that creating e-cities is necessary for sustainable development Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

343 - Meritocracy Promotion Model in the ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran
Gholamreza Memarzadeh Reza Najaf beygi Yadollah Abbaszadeh

Today, meritocracy, as well as employing efficient work forces, is one of the main principles and success factors of organizations for moving towards dynamism and evolution. It, on the one hand, is the requirement and success key of reformations and a condition of survi More

Today, meritocracy, as well as employing efficient work forces, is one of the main principles and success factors of organizations for moving towards dynamism and evolution. It, on the one hand, is the requirement and success key of reformations and a condition of survival and durability of political systems and, on the other hand, is one of the basic elements of empowerment of governments, knowledge promotion and management proficiency of every country. The present study, which aims to present a meritocracy system promotion model for govermental organizations of Iran, has been conducted by a descriptive-survey method using questionnaires and semi-structured interview among managers and staff of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. After studying theoretical fundamentals and getting acquainted with meritocracy subject, we prepared an open questionnaire in order to recognize government organizations with regard to meritocracy system situation and to identify its effective factors. The results of the conducted theme analysis with the obtained answers led to the formation of the conceptual model. In the next step, the second questionnaire was designed in order to extract relations among the variables, determine weight coefficients of indexes, and present the research model. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was distributed among 54 experts who were chosen under certain conditions and through a judgmental method. The results were analyzed based on decision making structure with multiple criteria and lexicographic model. The results indicated that in organizations with a competitive strategy, partnership leadership style, responsive organizational culture, organizational goal of human resource management system, and a semi-centralized decision making method, a more ideal background is provided for the promotion of meritocracy system. Also, organizations that involve participation in the formulation of values and norms, accept meritocracy in public opinion, consider competence as the main standard for the selection of people and dictate employment terms with an equal opportunity will provide a better background for the promotion of meritocracy system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

344 - The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Development
Seyed mehdi Alvani

In the present circumstances and from the economic, political, and cultural perspectives, governments' objectives cannot be attained without the participation and cooperation of all the people. The shaping of non-governmental organizations or “third parties” More

In the present circumstances and from the economic, political, and cultural perspectives, governments' objectives cannot be attained without the participation and cooperation of all the people. The shaping of non-governmental organizations or “third parties” is rooted in the need for cooperation between the state and society. Without augmenting the government's size, these organizations strive to solicit the help of the people, the government and the private sector in order to pave the way for social growth and development. The present article seeks to introduce the nature, concept, and types of non-governmental organizations, while delineating their role in development. Moreover, the effective management of these organizations is described by the author. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

345 - The Effect of Establishing E-government on Healthy System of Administration
Soleyman Iranzadeh Kamel Davoodi

Corruption is a global phenomenon and is as old as human and government. Today, there is no society or country that can claim to have a healthy administrative and social system. Solutions to the problem of corruption are diverse and are based on the formulation of socia More

Corruption is a global phenomenon and is as old as human and government. Today, there is no society or country that can claim to have a healthy administrative and social system. Solutions to the problem of corruption are diverse and are based on the formulation of social and political systems; measures such as raising the accountability in government institutions, transparency of rules, government downsizing, and executing the comprehensive projects of establishing e-government in the country can be posed. In the present study, the results of 400 respondents’ views on corruption have been pointed. The subjects were chosen by simple cluster sampling, and the questionnaire used in the study was adopted from the questionnaire designed by Naz (2005). The research examined three factors, the time of receiving services, cost of services, and bureaucratic red tape, and then, the hypotheses were put forward. One of the important results of this study is that e-government can not only help to reduce corruption but also be very effective on creating a strong relationship between the government and citizens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

346 - The Relationship between the Performance of Managers and Employees Stress: a study on the employees of public organizations in Kerman in 2012
Maryam Mohammad zadeh Behnaz Aflatoniyan Mahmod Nekoye Mogadam Behnoosh Aflatoniyan Tahere Mohamadi pour najib

Organizational stress, in addition to threatening employees’ health,adversely affects the quality and quantity of their performance. The aim ofthis study was to determine the relationship between the performance ofmanagers and employees’ stress in Kerman pub More

Organizational stress, in addition to threatening employees’ health,adversely affects the quality and quantity of their performance. The aim ofthis study was to determine the relationship between the performance ofmanagers and employees’ stress in Kerman public organizations. The studywas a descriptive-correlation study performed after stratified randomsampling. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed among theemployees. To determine the correlation, Spearman correlation test, toanalyze the data log–linear analysis, and to compare the variables chi-squaretest were used. Data analysis was performed through spss18. There was asignificant relationship between employees’ stress and the performance ofmanagers. Stress was significantly higher among female, married, olderemployees, those with educational level of bachelor and higher and thosewith less than 20 years job experience. Regarding the importance of humanresources in the development of societies and in order to achieve the goals ofhealth system and sustainable development, policy makers and humanresource managers could implement strategies to increase the efficiency ofresource managers and their ability to benefit from available resources moreefficiently. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

347 - The application effect of information and communication technology on qualitative performance (Case study)
Soleyman Iranzadeh Mousa Hamzezadehasl Amir Bargi

The study has investigated the application effect of information and communication technology on quantitative performance improvement of Tabriz municipality. The statistical populations are those who receive auto-tax services from Tabriz municipality. Since the populati More

The study has investigated the application effect of information and communication technology on quantitative performance improvement of Tabriz municipality. The statistical populations are those who receive auto-tax services from Tabriz municipality. Since the population is unlimited 105 people were chosen as statistical sample size in order to have more confidence the sample size was increased to 121 pepole. Data collection was done through field and questionnaire based on Likert scale.Finaly considering the data analyses the results showed that using information and communication technology led to reduction of expenses for those citizens using municipality services, it also effected the quality of services and communicating information and the citizens satisfaction in Tabriz.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

348 - A Feasibility Study on Rationalizing the Government Size Program
Nasser Mirsepassi Jafar Beikzad

Change in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper ai More

Change in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of one of these programs i.e. the Rationalizing Government Size Program and to identify the factors affecting its execution. In order to do so, the above mentioned program was divided into four programs and the affecting factors were defined based on John Child's power-control theory. According to the quartet factors and the defined indexes of the four programs, a matrix questionnaire was designed and after evaluating its validity and reliability, it was given to the swgects. The results were abridged and after classification they were analyzed using the inferential statistics tests (the single-group t-test and Friedman). The results revealed that the feasibility of the program is below average and the influential authorities in public organizations have the greatest role in leading this program to failure. Next, the heterogeneity of the interests of the decision-makers and the organizations, the dominant coalition and the subjectivity of the individuals' and organizations' decisions are placed successively as the effective factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

349 - Investigating the Capability Nongovernmental Organizations (NOGs) Active in the Welfare Purview Mazandaran Province
Ezzatallah Baloui Jamkhaneh Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh Mojtaba Tabari Fatemeh Roshanbakhsh

In this research, we have tried to show whether the situations of the factors effective on empowering the NGOs active in the Welfare Purview of Mazandaran Province is favourable.For this purpose, the independent variables-structural factors, functional factors and conte More

In this research, we have tried to show whether the situations of the factors effective on empowering the NGOs active in the Welfare Purview of Mazandaran Province is favourable.For this purpose, the independent variables-structural factors, functional factors and contextual factors-were studied, and in order to attain the research goal, we designed a questionnaire and collected the data, which were analyzed by using SPSS software. The research showed that the situation of the factors effective on empowering the NGOs of the Welfare Purview of MazandaranProvince is favourable.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

350 - Electronic Banking and Banks Counter Queue Density (Case study on the criteria of the queues in traditional and electronic banking)
Mohsen Mohammadloo Naser Hamidi Babak Hajkarimi

The phenomenon of waiting in queues, with the increase in population density and the increasing urbanization of societies, is expanding more than ever before. Queuing theory is of great importance as a statistical technique for problem solving and system analyzing. Bank More

The phenomenon of waiting in queues, with the increase in population density and the increasing urbanization of societies, is expanding more than ever before. Queuing theory is of great importance as a statistical technique for problem solving and system analyzing. Banks, as one of the most significant economic institutions, play an important role in monetary policy implementation (expansion and contraction) of the government. Compared with developed countries, Iranian banks are extremely busy. This may be one of the first things that attracts one's attention on first arriving in a foreign country. In order to reduce crowdedness in the banks, useful instruments such as electronic banking can be used. Using new technologies in the field of economics is one of the indices of the establishment of the electronic government and banking as well as the change in defining the society and power. To assess the role of electronic banking in reducing the density of the bank counter queues, the data on two banking systems (traditional and electronic banking) were collected during six working days from the branches of Zanjan Melli Bank (Zanjan Branch office). Following the analysis of the data within the framework of queuing system models, the results indicating the role of electronic banking in reducing the density of Bank Melli counter queues were obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

351 - A Study of effect of Individual and Organizational Factors on the Performance of the Accountants in State Organizations of West Azarbaijan Province
Karamollah Daneshfard Parvaneh safari

Performance is one of the issues that the organizations encounter. In this regard, improvement of the performance of the organization is always one of the main concerns of administrators of organizations. In this research, we have selected the individual and organizatio More

Performance is one of the issues that the organizations encounter. In this regard, improvement of the performance of the organization is always one of the main concerns of administrators of organizations. In this research, we have selected the individual and organizational factors from among the elements which affect the performance. For this purpose, the models which have been used include the model of constructional dimensions of Richard L. Daft as well as Herseyand Goldsmith’s ACHIEVE model. Regarding the importance of the supervising role of the accountants in controlling the expenses and keeping the state properties, in this research we are going to analyze the effect of individual and organizational factors on the job performance of the accountants in the state organizations of West Azerbaijan Province. Our statistical population includes the accountants and the employees of the financial control departments in provincial offices of West Azerbaijan and also the auditors of the Court of Audit, totalling 120 people. The sample size is92 based on Morgan table. Since this research is of correlational type, we used Spearman test to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that each of the individual and organizational factors has a positive effect on the performance of the accountants; this means that the performance of the accountants is mostly affected by individual and organizational factors.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

352 - A Comprehensive Succession Planning Talent Management Model to Enhance Organizational Efficiency in Governmental Organizations: A Structural Equation Modelling
Ali Mahfozi Davod Lafzfroushan Mahmoud Ghorbani

10.30495/qjopm.2019.665042

Nowadays, the most important competitive advantage in an organization is talent management. Hence, the aim of this mixed method study was to identify and evaluate the components of talent management via the succession planning approach in governmental organizations. Two More

Nowadays, the most important competitive advantage in an organization is talent management. Hence, the aim of this mixed method study was to identify and evaluate the components of talent management via the succession planning approach in governmental organizations. Two-stage stratified sampling was employed to select the research sample that comprised 357 respondents who were selected from the employees in governmental The collected research data were analyzed qualitatively via Delphi Technique and quantitatively via Structural Equation Modeling. An extensive literature review on talent management resulted in an initial model with three components of Talent Management, including two factors of talent way of thinking and talent strategy, Talent Management Strategy, including five factors of communication, employee training, culture, performance management, rewards and appreciation, and Succession Planning, including three factors of structure, background, and content. The model obtained from the Delphi technique was subsequently examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results emerging from the present study revealed good model fitness for the proposed model with a credible degree of validity. It was shown that Talent Management Strategy can respectively explain 82% and 99% of variance in Succession  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

353 - Analysis and investigation of political participation in the discourse of the reformist government based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe(with emphasis on youth political participation)
Abolghasem Shamsabadi Moosa Shahriyari Yousef Amini

10.22034/ssyj.2023.1974343.1267

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Open Access Article

354 - Investigating The influence of social policy implementation on the relationship between government and youth
Mohammad Khoodabandeh Majedeh Gholipour Ali Rahmani Firouzjah

10.22034/ssyj.2023.1949149.1221

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Open Access Article

355 - Study of Social and Cultural Factors Affecting the Citizens' Social Trust between 18-65 Years Old in Mazandaran Province
Rajab Ali Allahyar Ahmadi Maria Zaslavskaya Amir Malaki

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Open Access Article

356 - Value Relevance of Accounting Information during the Change of Economic Policy of the 10th and 11th Governments in the Companies Admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange
Abbasali Haghparast Behnoush Shayesteh Somayeh Jazinizadeh Seyed Danial Aghvami Behroz Mehrparvar

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of relative and incremental value relevance of accounting information during the economic policy change of the 10th and 11th governments. For this purpose, three variables of book value, earning per share and More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of relative and incremental value relevance of accounting information during the economic policy change of the 10th and 11th governments. For this purpose, three variables of book value, earning per share and operating cash flow were used as independent variables and market value as a dependent variable. In this research, 135 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2016 during the 10th and 11th governments were examined annually, and linear and multivariate panel regression methods were used. The results of this research showed that during the 11th government, there was a positive and significant relationship between market value on one hand and book value, earning per share and operating cash flow on the other hand, but during the 10th government, there was no positive and significant relationship between profit per share and market value with the simultaneous entry of independent variables in the regression model. The findings showed that the value relevance of the operating cash flow in both periods was more than the book value and earning per share. . Manuscript profile

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357 - The Dictatorial Quasi-Romanticism of The First Pahlavi Government In The City of Bandar Anzali
Erfan Khasm Afkan Nezam Mostafa Kiani Hashemi

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1977504.1038

The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellect More

The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellectual philosophy, of which literature and architecture were only one of the fields of its emergence, and in the social and political fields, in the form of intellectual movements that stimulated Iranian nationalism or nationalism as a way to integrate and empower Iran in Reza Khan's government, and caused the transformation of Iran became a stable and secure country. One of the ways of implementing Reza Khan's "Imperial Theory" was the use of art and especially architecture. Therefore, the current research seeks to find the answer to the question that the worldview of Iranian pseudo-romanticism in order to legitimize the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi government, how and with what indicators and components were manifested in the architecture of government buildings in Bandar Anzali city? Was the image created by the government in line with the opinion of the intellectuals? Therefore, the research is of a qualitative and applied type, using the comparative-comparative method through the method of library studies. The results of the research show that in addition to Pahlavi's cultural discourse to realize his modernist approach through architecture in the form of building "Government Buildings" modeled after European architecture, it is necessary to create mental images in the citizens through the accompaniment of intellectuals of that period in the form of "reports and travelogues". In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

358 - The semiotic reading of form and meaning in the government buildings of Tabriz during the Pahlavi era based on
Maryam Eskandari

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1991528.1088

Semiotics is an objective manifestation of an absent concept or phenomenon in order to communicate with the audience, and from the point where architecture is basically not to communicate, but to implement a function; It is considered a special and challenging case for More

Semiotics is an objective manifestation of an absent concept or phenomenon in order to communicate with the audience, and from the point where architecture is basically not to communicate, but to implement a function; It is considered a special and challenging case for semiotics. Considering that the dominant trend in Pahlavi period architecture was the Iranian form of modern architecture, which was named as pseudo-modernist architecture; Considering that the buildings of this period were the physical manifestation of the characteristics, characteristics or preferences of the Iranian society at that time, they can be used as physical documents and evidences in examining the cultural, social, economic and religious characteristics of a huge part of the society of that period. have been investigated and represent the body of the society. One of the manifestations of these developments, the change and how the architecture of government buildings in Tabriz city conveys modern and modern concepts through the semiotics of form and meaning, forms the main question of this research. And what components have the physical elements of architecture (the architecture of government and government buildings in Tabriz) become a means of communicating meaning? To interpret these concepts, the science of semiotics, by receiving the aesthetic, social and cultural codes of each design, interprets and reveals the hidden concepts in those inner and hidden layers of the design. The purpose of this research is to provide a semiotic reading of the governmental and governmental spaces of the Pahlavi period in the city of Tabriz with an analytical-descriptive method in the light of Peirce's and De Saussure's ideas, which have become communication signs in cities over time. and carry messages in their architectural and meta-architectural layers.This article with the main purpose is to present a semiotic reading of the governmental and governmental spaces of the Pahlavi period of Tabriz based on the ideas of Peirce and de Saussure, which over time have become a sign of communication in the spaces of the city; And to find the answer to this main question, what are the physical elements of architecture (the architecture of Tabriz government buildings) with which components have become the means of communicating meaning? Analyzed the architectural features of Pahlavi era government buildings in Tabriz. Because architecture as a part of culture is a sign system and on the other hand as a tool for communication. In this regard, the semiotic views of Ferdinand de Saussure and Peirce have been used to establish this connection. The results of this research, while revealing different layers of meaning, indicate that the factors affecting communication include cultural and social context, symbolic function, architectural codes and explicit use, communication tools, and meta-architectural codes. It is received from architectural layers (structure, spatial communication, combination of volumes, architectural composition, physical messages). From the meta-architectural layers (cultural, social, economic), meta-architectural messages (objectivity of the project, place of the project, time of the project) are deduced. In this research, an attempt has been made to obtain more comprehensive and accurate results by limiting the research to the governmental and governmental spheres at a specific point in time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

359 - Evaluating the Effects of Government Policies on the Economic Development of Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages of Astara County)
Fereshteh Ebadolahian Seyyede Sedighe Hasanimehr Rafat Shahmari Ardjani Hossein Asghari

The requirement to achieve national development is to improve the level of capabilities of rural communities in the economic sector. In this regard, it is considered necessary to evaluate the existing policies for the economic development of rural communities. For this More

The requirement to achieve national development is to improve the level of capabilities of rural communities in the economic sector. In this regard, it is considered necessary to evaluate the existing policies for the economic development of rural communities. For this purpose, the current research was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of government policies on the economic development of the villages of Astara County, with an emphasis on the fourth and fifth development plans. The research method in the present research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and experts on rural issues in Gilan province and Astara county, and using Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 70 people have been determined as the sample size. Also, in line with data analysis were used one-sample t-tests and linear and logarithmic regression in SPSS software. The findings of the research show that the level of employment during the fourth and fifth development plans in the villages of Astara County had an upward trend, although with a slow slope. Also, commercial-industrial centers under the support of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization have experienced a growth of 26.56 percent during the fourth plan and a significant growth of 155.7 percent during the fifth development plan. Rural food industries also increased by 87.5 percent during the fourth period of development, which shows a growing trend during the fifth development plan as well, but with a lower slope. On the other hand, the examination of 5 major policies during each of the 4th and 5th plans shows that the influence of the 5th plan on the economic development of the villages of Astara was much greater. Manuscript profile

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360 - Investigating the Status of Good Urban Governance Indicators in Urban Areas (Case Study: Zahedan City)
Sajad Poudineh Masoumeh HafezRezazadeh GholamReza Miri

Urban governance seeks to limit the role of the government to the extent of harmonizing and guarding the laws and to reduce its direct interference in decision-making, administration and implementation of affairs related to people's daily lives. The purpose of this rese More

Urban governance seeks to limit the role of the government to the extent of harmonizing and guarding the laws and to reduce its direct interference in decision-making, administration and implementation of affairs related to people's daily lives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the status of good governance indicators in the urban areas of Zahedan. The research method of the research is descriptive-analytical and library and field method (questionnaire tool) was used to collect the required information. The statistical population of the research consists of the citizens of Zahedan, including 592,968 people. The sample size was calculated by Cochran's formula of 360 people and the questionnaire was completed according to the population of each region by a simple random method at the level of the regions. In order to compare pairs of each of the indicators of good urban governance, after obtaining the opinions of 17 experts who have full knowledge of the city under study, using model A. H. Fuzzy foundation has been applied to the weighting of each index. To analyze the collected data, SPSS software, one-sample t-test and TOPSIS fuzzy model were used. The findings showed that the indicators of good urban governance in the areas of Zahedan city are in an unfavorable situation. Also, the results obtained from prioritizing the five regions of Zahedan city with the Fuzzy Topsis model in terms of good urban governance indicators show that region 1 with a weight of 0.818 ranks first. Region 4 is in the fifth and last place with a weight of 0.000. Region 2 with a weight of 0.722, Region 5 with a weight of 0.636 and Region 3 with a weight of 0.289 are in the second to fourth ranks respectively in terms of good urban governance indicators. Manuscript profile

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361 - . The studing quality of life in government staffs housing mehr in Kermanshah ,Ilam and Khoram Abad
Pakzad Azadkhani Sahar Shahbazi Roya Samavati Khadijeh Noori zad

The quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement   and conseq More

The quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement   and consequently  maintenance of urban residential environment is if crucial importance .In our country housing seal is a good example of planning for housing , particularly for low – income and poor segments of society. The housing seal is a housing lower than average expectations of quality in society. So the people who are living in have a lower quality of life. .A large number  of Mehr  housing projects have been implemented and exploited in many cities in Iran moreover, a lot of studies have been carried out on this fild. Our purpose in this study is the comparative study about quality of life in the housing seal in three western and important provinces . . The method is descriptive – analytical and the study is a practical one. The data is gathered from the libraries and also by the use of questionnaires. The population includes the residents of over 15 years old in housing seal. The sample of 301 people is chosen by Cochran’s Formula. To analyze the data, SPSS software is used.. The findings reveal that four indexes including the index of housing quality,environmental quality,the quality of free time and the sense of belonging have the average lower than the satisfactory norm and the other four indexes including the quality of the access to the infrastructures ,the quality of neighboring relationships and the quality of employment and income have the average upper than the satisfactory norm. Manuscript profile

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362 - The Impact of Outsourcing the Government Agencies Activities on the Organizational Structure
Hossein Navidi Mehraban Hadi Paykani

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363 - Toward a local Community Governance:An effort to introduce key concepts and componentsCase Study: Darake Neighborhood
jamile tavakolinia Mohammad Kazem Shams Pouya

Looking at the urban management and administration trends shows that planning is not possible without paying attention to participatory approaches and local scale. In this regard, the local community governance was proposed as a model for effective and efficient adminis More

Looking at the urban management and administration trends shows that planning is not possible without paying attention to participatory approaches and local scale. In this regard, the local community governance was proposed as a model for effective and efficient administration in the local community. Local community governance has the high potential for local community participation in decision-making. Basically, governance refers to the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented. In this paper we analyze the components of the local community governance such as accountability, responsibility, rule of law, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency and interaction between participation and institutional trust in the Drake neighborhood. It should be added that the local community participation is considered as key to the success of community-based planning and local community governance also, trust has importance in many measures including institution-building and capacity development as well as improving governance. Also, accountability is a key requirement of good governance and can be considered as the key to the success of many initiatives and programs. Indeed, when the established mechanisms of accountability work, corruption is reduced. In this context, the theoretical and library studies and in the field a survey of 100 questionnaires were used. The results showed that the components level of the local community governance in the Drake neighborhood is lower than the average level. Furthermore, it was found that  there is a direct correlation between the local community governance components, institutional trust and participation. Therefore, the local community governance  and institutional trust rating will be reduced when  participation rate is reduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

364 - Function of municipalities in the framework of urban good governance:(case study: the municipality of Malayer)
الناز زندیه

Favorable urban government takes a deconstructive approach towards urban development planning and adopts the communicative urbanization model through the cooperation and interaction among the major actors in urban management; that is, the civil society, the government a More

Favorable urban government takes a deconstructive approach towards urban development planning and adopts the communicative urbanization model through the cooperation and interaction among the major actors in urban management; that is, the civil society, the government and the private sector. It seems, therefore, that the institution of the urban management which comprises of the municipality and the city council in Iran can be one of the best mechanisms for the favorable urban government to be possible. The present study aims to define and to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the favorable urban government. It will also present a series of indices for the development of favorable urban government in Iran and will study these indices in terms of urban management in Malayer, Iran. The approach adopted in the present study is descriptive-analytic. The data has been analyzed using IBMSPSS and Excel and the variables have been evaluated using the Likert scale. Results signify low levels of all the favorable urban government indices except for the cooperation index in Malayer.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

365 - Urban Resilience and Natural Hazards Urban Resilience and Natural Hazards Survey of Resilience of Bandar Abbas city in Environmental Dimensions and Components and Presentation of Urban Management Strategies
narjes darmani Hossein Parvaresh Mohsen Dehghani vali Alipour

Increasing natural and human hazards, especially in developing countries, have led to more attention being paid to concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Bandar Abbas city in environmental dimensions and More

Increasing natural and human hazards, especially in developing countries, have led to more attention being paid to concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Bandar Abbas city in environmental dimensions and components and to present an urban management strategy. The population and the statistical sample of the study include experts in urban planning issues who have been selected and questioned as purposeful samples (20 people). Prioritization of environmental indicators and components; Presenting a strategy by experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas.Most of the researches in Iran have been done in terms of social and economic vulnerability, but in the present study, the relationship between ecosystem literacy and environmental indicators has been investigated. Assessing urban resilience in this research can be considered as a new method in urban management. The results of the survey show: The urban resilience situation of Bandar Abbas with the calculated value of 3.29 is favorable and in a good situation in the face of environmental crises. Finally, Friedman test has been used to rank the indicators and environmental components of Bandar Abbas and urban management strategies have been presented using the opinion of experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

366 - Presenting a Model for Housing Quality Enhancement Policy Using the Granddad’s Theory
mohsen esmaeili kamal rahbari manesh

Housing, a pivotal structural element shaping urban environments, serves as a reflection of governmental attitudes in policy and planning. The extensive experience gained over decades through diverse policies, including government programs and urban-rural development pr More

Housing, a pivotal structural element shaping urban environments, serves as a reflection of governmental attitudes in policy and planning. The extensive experience gained over decades through diverse policies, including government programs and urban-rural development projects in Iran, emphasizes its central role. This study aims to propose an effective policy for enhancing housing quality. The theoretical segment synthesizes principles from participatory planning, sustainable development, and the boom-axis. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes the Grounded Theory (GRANDAD THEORY) for data collection and analysis. Fifteen in-depth interviews with knowledgeable elites on the subject constitute the primary data source, conducted through exploratory and descriptive phases. Subsequent to each interview, coding of the data ensued, employing the continuous comparison method across open, axial, and selective coding stages. The analysis revealed an optimal model for housing quality improvement with eight key components: effective policy design mechanisms, development plans, financial frameworks, institutional-legal structures, transparent regulatory mechanisms, educational initiatives targeting academic and popular elites, cultural mechanisms, and mechanisms for restructuring the housing framework. The establishment of a model to enhance housing quality is contingent upon the dynamic interaction with these identified mechanisms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

367 - Presenting the model of Islamic government based on Islamic management and modern government management
Mahmood Bagheri Aflatoon Amiri Yaser Salary Ameneh Firoozabadi

The Islamic State is a new strategic concept in the civilizational vision of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Mod Zaleh Al-Ali), which has not been documented and the lack of a strong background regarding this concept, the design of the model of the Islamic More

The Islamic State is a new strategic concept in the civilizational vision of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Mod Zaleh Al-Ali), which has not been documented and the lack of a strong background regarding this concept, the design of the model of the Islamic State to move in the second step. Revolution and achievement of new Islamic civilization is necessary. This research was conducted with the aim of presenting the model of Islamic government based on Islamic management and modern government management in the general administrations of Fars province. The current research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research includes 131,719 employees of the general offices of Fars province, based on the Morgan-Jersey table, a sample size of 384 people was selected by simple random method. The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a group of experts and the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated as 0.976. . Validation and fit of the research model was also measured in the form of structural equations using partial least squares method and SmartPLS-3 software. The results showed that the measurement model has good validity and fit, and the quality of the model is good, and there is a significant relationship between modern public administration and Islamic government and Islamic administration and Islamic government in the general administrations of Fars province; according to this; Both variables of Islamic Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

368 - Presenting the factor analysis model of the implementation of the quality policies of oil use with electronic government technology
yunus bahadori sanger salajeghe Yaser Salary Amin Nikpour

10/jtihr.2023.1994460.1178

The aim of the current research is to provide a model based on factor analysis for the implementation of quality policies of oil exports with an e-government approach (case of study: the terminals of the Ministry of Oil). , experts and the tool for gathering information More

The aim of the current research is to provide a model based on factor analysis for the implementation of quality policies of oil exports with an e-government approach (case of study: the terminals of the Ministry of Oil). , experts and the tool for gathering information is a questionnaire. The research was based on three questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were also confirmed according to the indicators and statistical calculations. and the structural equations have been used and analyzed using SPSS and Emos software. The method of this research is a survey-type descriptive correlation. In the qualitative part, the statistical population of the research to test the model There were some experts who were identified and interviewed in a semi-structured way using a purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of this research was all 1500 employees of oil terminals, of which 306 people were determined according to Morgan's table. The opinions of 300 employees after receiving the final questionnaire have been used for data collection. . The findings of the research showed that in the evaluation of the factor analysis of the variables of the implementation of the qualitative policy, focusing on the variables of the role of e-government and its components, the normality of the data, the validity of the model and the fit of the model were confirmed and it was placed in an acceptable scale. The results of the research confirm the necessity of using Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

369 - A Comparative Study of the Tolerance Policy of the Al-Boyah and Fatimid Governments
mahdi nejati.atani Nasrollah PoorMohammadi.Amlashi mostafa naseri rad Boshra delrish

A Comparative Study of the Tolerance Policy of the Al-Boyah and Fatimid GovernmentsAbstractIn the fourth and fifth centuries AH, a large part of Islamic lands was ruled by Shiite governments , including the Buyids and the Fatimids . By adopting a policy of tolerance, th More

A Comparative Study of the Tolerance Policy of the Al-Boyah and Fatimid GovernmentsAbstractIn the fourth and fifth centuries AH, a large part of Islamic lands was ruled by Shiite governments , including the Buyids and the Fatimids . By adopting a policy of tolerance, these governments recorded in their record the prevalence of scientific interactions between thinkers with different religious tendencies , the freedom to perform religious ceremonies, and the observance of the rights of religious minorities ; However , the transfer of high government positions to the People of the Book paved the way for their domination over the Muslims and in many cases led to their oppression of the people. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and relying on the main sources, the policy of tolerance and its effects in the two mentioned governments have been comparatively studied .Keywords: tolerance, Shi'a governments, Fatimids, Al Boyah Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

370 - The role of the Academy of Arts and its graduates in the constitutional movement
fahimeh abdali barand Masomeh Gharadaghi Maqsood Ali Sadeghi Gandmani davod esfahanian

With the establishment of the Academy of Arts and the admission of the first volunteers to study, who were mainly the children of powerful and influential families in the society of Iran at that time, the wheel of education was turned at high levels. Dar al-Fonun became More

With the establishment of the Academy of Arts and the admission of the first volunteers to study, who were mainly the children of powerful and influential families in the society of Iran at that time, the wheel of education was turned at high levels. Dar al-Fonun became a major event in Iran's higher education system, and although most of its disciplines were related to natural sciences, medicine, and the military, it cannot be denied that many of its graduates in later years were able to become influential figures in the country's political and social space. The main question of this research is what effect did the thoughts and ideas of the graduates of Tehran Academy of Arts have on the Constitutional Revolution? The main hypothesis of the research is that the graduates of Dar al-Fonun became a generation of ruling critics and opposed to extremist religious prejudices, ignorance and cultural and social backwardness. They supported the constitution. In addition to studying the courses, the students of Dar-ol-Fonun were acquainted with the political situation of the country, nationalist ideas and intellectual thoughts. Some gradually became a generation of critics of the ruling class and struggled with cultural and social backwardness. In this research, an attempt will be made to study the influence of the thoughts and ideas of the graduates of Tehran Academy of Arts in the constitutional movement in a library manner and in the form of a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

371 - the Functions of the Azerbaijan State Association in the Age of Constitution, According to the Tabriz Association Newspaper and newly found documents
saeed atashbar manizheh Sadri seyed mahmoud sadat Monirh kazemirashed

The Azerbaijan State Association, which was initially established solely for supervising the elections of the National Parliament, gradually got such an influence that became the sole authority of litigation of the Azerbaijan people, and because people referred to it di More

The Azerbaijan State Association, which was initially established solely for supervising the elections of the National Parliament, gradually got such an influence that became the sole authority of litigation of the Azerbaijan people, and because people referred to it directly in every affair, It was accepted by different groups of people. The association was largely subject to the opinions and demands of the people and tended to involve the people in the work and inform them of the decisions made. Accordingly, he took steps to eliminate the abusive customs and establish a schools with new meditation and establish a municipality and order, supervise government affairs and the like. In fact, the members of the Azerbaijan State Association were responsibly accountable to the people who, with the establishment of constitutionalism and given their prominent role in it, demanded fundamental changes and considered themselves entitled to be present and observer in various currents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

372 - An analysis of the ruling style of Shah Ismail II Safavid and his different policy in creating religious balance in Iran
zahra ghaemi saber adak mohsen heydarnia

Shah Ismail II came to the kingdom after Shah Tahmasb Safavi for a short time and took charge of the Safavid government. He adopted a different policy in the administration of the country, which provoked many criticisms in the Safavid court. He tried to make it easier f More

Shah Ismail II came to the kingdom after Shah Tahmasb Safavi for a short time and took charge of the Safavid government. He adopted a different policy in the administration of the country, which provoked many criticisms in the Safavid court. He tried to make it easier for the government to treat the Sunnis and reduce the power of the Shiite scholars. A series of these behaviors caused his reign to be short and finally, he was poisoned and killed. It seems that Shah Ismail II made a new plan in the way of governing the country and because of meeting with a number of Sunnis during his imprisonment, he changed his approach towards this religious group and went so far in conciliating them that he was suspected of being a Sunni. give strength Also, Shah Ismail II believed that the unrestrained interference of Shia scholars in the administration of the country had weakened the power of the Safavid government. As a result, the role of this group in macro policies was diminished. In this research, it has been tried to investigate and analyze the behavior of the mentioned king against intellectual and religious currents The current research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by referring to library sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

373 - Analysis of internal and external factors affecting the political-social situation of Tabriz during the First World War
Ali Tarverdi nasab Masomeh Gharadaghi Abbas Ghadimi Gheydari Nazli Eskandarinejad

Due to its geographical, economic and political location, Iran has been a place of conflict for major world powers throughout history. In the First World War, despite the fact that the Iranian government declared neutrality, the same strategic characteristics of Iran ca More

Due to its geographical, economic and political location, Iran has been a place of conflict for major world powers throughout history. In the First World War, despite the fact that the Iranian government declared neutrality, the same strategic characteristics of Iran caused the country to become involved in the political relations of the warring forces. In these relations, the three factors of identitarian currents, Iran's dependence on foreign governments and the political and economic weakness of the central government have been decisive. During this period, due to its geographical location, social and cultural structure, Tabriz was the area of conflict between the Ottoman and Russian forces. The Ottoman and German governments tried to establish their position in the region by beating the drum of identitarian feelings of racial, ethnic and religious groups, and on the other hand, the influence and power of the Russian government and the dependence and weakness of the central government caused Azerbaijan and especially During this period, the city of Tabriz witnessed events such as the activities of the Pan-Tereks, the confrontation of the nationalists against the identity seekers, religious and religious differences, and the Russian government's obstruction of the revival of the tradition of the Crown Prince of Tabriz. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

374 - The impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on the events of the first world war
Nasrollah PourMohammadi-e-amlashi Pourya Esmaeili

In this research, the impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on theevents of the First World War is examined. with the onset of First World War in 1914/1332AH, with the formation of the interim government in Kermanshah and the support of theUnited Sta More

In this research, the impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on theevents of the First World War is examined. with the onset of First World War in 1914/1332AH, with the formation of the interim government in Kermanshah and the support of theUnited States from them and also the existence of Kurdish tribes in the early years of thewar, the Russian and British armies in western Iran were under pressure, this was due tothe fact that the Kurdish tribes curtailed them by familiarizing themselves with thehighways and mountainous areas, especially the Germans and the Ottoman forces. Thisarticle uses historical research method, based on the description and analysis of the variousaspects of the subject. The main findings indicate that this ancient area is due to certainclimatic conditions such as mountainous climate variation, the existence of tidal rivers,vast plains, ethnic diversity, and the Mesopotamian - Khorasan high way, has played asignificant role in the political transformations of World War I in western Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

375 - Threshold Effects of Government Size on Happiness Inequality in Iran
Ebrahim Zare mehrzad ebrahimi Abbas Aminifard Hashem Zare

10.30495/eco.2021.1887958.2288

Happiness and happiness inequality are important issues that economists have been studying in recent years. However, studies addressing the inequality of happiness are limited, and more research is needed to shed light on its antecedents and mechanism. Th More

Happiness and happiness inequality are important issues that economists have been studying in recent years. However, studies addressing the inequality of happiness are limited, and more research is needed to shed light on its antecedents and mechanism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between government size and happiness inequality in the Iranian economy using a threshold regression model during the period of 1974-2016. The results of the estimation of research models show that the size of the government has a threshold effect on happiness inequality. In other words, before the threshold of 13 percent of the government-to-GDP ratio, the government size has a diminutive effect on the inequality of happiness, but after passing through the threshold and increasing the government's involvement in the economy, this variable has a significant positive effect on the happiness inequality. Thus, the expansion of the size of government in the Iranian economy has exacerbated the happiness gap between the low-income and high-income classes of society. Based on the research results, it is suggested that policymakers pay attention to the threshold relationship between government size and inequality of happiness of society when implementing their policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

376 - The Role of Government under Pandemic Disease Conditions
Ali Keshavarzi Hamid Reza Horry seied abdolmajid jalaee sfand abadi Meysam Rafei mahdi nejati

10.30495/eco.2021.1930008.2518

The purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After ca More

The purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After calibrating the parameters based on the quarterly information of Iran's economy during the period of 1991-2016, in the baseline scenario, it is assumed that the government has no involvement in the economy; In other words, the government pursues a state of fiscal passivity and shows no fiscal reaction to the change in endogenous variables after the outbreak of pandemic disease. Subsequently, in other scenarios, the government reacts fiscally to the outbreak of the pandemic, given the different conditions of production and public liability. The results of the study of fiscally active scenarios compared to the state of fiscal passivity indicate that the effect of government expenditures shock as a standard deviation on macroeconomic variables under pandemic disease conditions, has led to much less feedback. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

377 - Government Debt and Corporate Capital Structure: Testing of the Financial Crowding Out Effect Hypothesis
somaye sadeghi

10.30495/eco.2022.1946969.2604

This paper examines the relationship between government debt and corporate capital structures (financing choices) for firms listed in Tehran stock market, during 1390-98. The results show that the there is a negative and significant relationship between government debt More

This paper examines the relationship between government debt and corporate capital structures (financing choices) for firms listed in Tehran stock market, during 1390-98. The results show that the there is a negative and significant relationship between government debt and corporate capital structure (financial leverage), although the estimated coefficient is relatively small. In other words, we can conclude that the financial crowding out effect is confirmed in Iranian companies. Also, the results show that corporate with larger size and more profitable are more likely to react to changes in government debt. In other words, if corporates have larger size and more profitability, then the financial crowding out effect is greater. Hence, the key conclusion is corporate managers should prioritize revenue diversification and profitability strategies in the reaction to government debt policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

378 - The effect of oil shocks on economic resilience in Iran
najme alsadat robati Ali RaeispourRajabali Abdol Majid jalaee

10.30495/eco.2022.1928522.2507

In the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the More

In the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the main model, while using the estimated parameters, the effects of oil shocks in recent years on selected macroeconomic variables have been evaluated. Determining the degree to which oil revenues affect economic indicators can, in addition to determining the degree of economic resilience, help policymakers determine future plans. The phenomenon of fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings from oil exports, due to the dependence of the structure of Iran's economy on oil revenues, affects all macroeconomic variables - both in the public and private sectors. Accordingly, it is proposed to reform the tax system and reduce dependence on oil revenues, diversify the government's revenue portfolio, commit to a balanced budget and prevent disproportionate growth of the monetary base, strengthen the role of the foreign exchange reserve fund and monetary discipline for the government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

379 - The effect of private and government investment on the growth of the health sector in Iran
Mehraneh Shamshirbandi mohamad dalman pour Farid Asgari

10.30495/eco.2022.1967155.2692

This study estimated the effect of private and government investment on the growth of the health sector in Iran with the ARDL approach, 1981-2019. The selected indicators were estimated in two selected indicators: health expenditure and health index (life expectancy). T More

This study estimated the effect of private and government investment on the growth of the health sector in Iran with the ARDL approach, 1981-2019. The selected indicators were estimated in two selected indicators: health expenditure and health index (life expectancy). The estimation results of the model show that the increase in economic growth, causes an increase health expenditures and the increase of private sector investment in the health sector, causes an increase health expenditures and the increase of private sector and government investment in the health sector, improve the Health index. In the long term, the rate of AIDS and the inflation rate have a negative effect on health expenditure and health index; and the literacy rate, the urbanization rate, the real exchange rate, and the real interest rate have a positive effect on health expenditure and health index. The results of this study, consist with other researches, showed that by focusing on investment, the growth of the health sector in Iran improves. The findings of this study can be used to implement a more efficient policy in the way and type of investment in the health sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

380 - The Effect of Uncertainty in the Current and Constructional Governments Expenses on the Investment of Private Section in Iran Economy
karim emami leila Ahmadi

This study is aimed to analyze the effect of uncertainty in the current and constructional Governments Expenses on the investment of private sector in Iran during 1959-2006. Other descriptive variables such as Gross National Product (GNP) and inflation rate are consider More

This study is aimed to analyze the effect of uncertainty in the current and constructional Governments Expenses on the investment of private sector in Iran during 1959-2006. Other descriptive variables such as Gross National Product (GNP) and inflation rate are considered. For calculating the uncertainty, an Exponential Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedaticity Model is used (EGARCH (0, 1)). Finally, by the determination of optimal lag and long-term relation, error correction model of VEC was estimated.The results explain that uncertainty of the current and constructional expenses of the government has negative effect on the investment of the private sector in long term. According to this, in short term, uncertainty of the current governmental expenses is not statistically significant on the investment of the private sector, but uncertainty of the governmental constructional expenses has a positive effect on it. The effect of Inflation rate and GNP variables, in short and long term, is negative and positive on the investment of the private sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

381 - The Role of Tendency of Government Preference in an Optimal Fiscal Policy Model in the Presence of Agent Heterogeneity in A dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Framework
hamidreza izadi

Abstract         This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led More

Abstract         This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led to create limitation that will be call government preference. The role of these preferences and tendency of the Government to the poor or the rich group can change the results of optimal policies on the economy. By using a dynamic stochastic general model, the role of government preferences tendency was been surveyed. The results indicate that in these models, the role of government expenditure financing through available taxes in the policymaking system, is partly dependent on the government preferences tendency. On the bases of the results, it is suggested that separating the government preferences and tendency in relation to the poor and the rich. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

382 - Shadow Economy and Income Inequality in Iran
A. Asadzadeh Z. Jalili

Abstract This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and shadow economy in Iranian economy during 1971-2010. After examining the structural break of the data by using Bai- Peron endogenous structural break test, and Lee- Strazicich unit root test, the More

Abstract This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and shadow economy in Iranian economy during 1971-2010. After examining the structural break of the data by using Bai- Peron endogenous structural break test, and Lee- Strazicich unit root test, the study will be done by using Ordinary Least Squares. Based on the results obtained, the effect of shadow economy on income inequality is positive and by the increase of shadow economy, income inequality will be increased. Also, the results indicate that the increase of government size leads to the increase of the income inequality. In addition, the simultaneous effect of the shadow economy, economic growth and government size represent that a rise of shadow economy will increase income inequality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

383 - Impact of the Government Expenditure on Private Consumption and Investment in VAR and FAVAR Model
mansour khalili araghi Hassan Sharifi

The aim of this paper was survey of the government's current and development expenditure impact on private consumption and investment in Iran economy. In this study, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive method was used on the base of seasonal data frequency in the per More

The aim of this paper was survey of the government's current and development expenditure impact on private consumption and investment in Iran economy. In this study, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive method was used on the base of seasonal data frequency in the period 1370-1394.The results showed that the government's current and development expenditure have a complementary effect on private consumer spending; but government expenditure in two current and development sectors has had  a substitutional effect on private investment. According to the results,  it is suggested that in order to boom and economic development in various economic sectors, the government deal with infrastructure expenditure and on the other hand, help by  increasing private investment subject to no budget deficit increase. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

384 - The Effects of Mining Sector and Mining Industries Development on Government Revenue and Income of Households in Iran
davoud behboudi mohammad mehdi barghi oskoee Robab Mohammadi khaneghahi

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and socia More

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and social accounting matrix (SAM) for Iran for year 1390 is used. The results showed that increasing in mining sector investment and improving its total factor productivity positively affected government revenue and income of households in both urban and rural groups. The results also reveal that the development in the mining sector in Iran has the least effect on the income of rural households and the most effect on income of urban households. Based on the results, it is necessary for policymakers to adopt policies to increase investment and improve the total factor productivity of the mining sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

385 - The Effect of Government Size on Economic Growth by Emphasizing on Army Curve: A Case Study in Iran
Hosein Panahi Ramiar Refaee

This article reviews the relationship between the government spending and economic growth and by estimating the optimal size of government tries to examine the relationship between government size and economic growth in Iran and analyze the presence and shape of the&nbs More

This article reviews the relationship between the government spending and economic growth and by estimating the optimal size of government tries to examine the relationship between government size and economic growth in Iran and analyze the presence and shape of the  Army Curve. It  is expected  that  the  results  obtained  in  the  context of Iran could be of relevance to other developing countries or  at  least to those  with  similar economic structure or size. Moreover, this study performs an empirical test of popular phenomenon of the Armey curve using a time series and data set during 1964-2006 in Iran. The results show that the relationship between government size and economic growth, in the long term and short-term, is positive and non-linear. It is also found that the current size is larger than the size of government optimal in long-term and short term. It is necessary to decrease the size of government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

386 - Investigating the Effects of Governmental Expenditure Shock on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Iran: ARDL Approach
jafar haghighat nazila moharam joudi

The aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy.  In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure More

The aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy.  In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure shock is captured by the model residuals. Then the model of effective factors on GDP is estimated from 1971 to 2014. In estimating the models, autoregressive distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been used. According to the results, the effect of governmental current expenditure on GDP is not significant. But lagged government expenditure shock has a positive and significant impact on GDP.  Error correction term is negative and significant, and indicates that when a shock occurs, 12 percent of short term imbalance is adjusted each period, to reach the long term equilibrium. It is purposed to government not to increase own expenditure, since this can cause an inverse relationship between government expenditure and GDP and it reduces economic growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

387 - Assessing the effect of tax perception justice and trust in government on tax compliance
Ehsan Sadeghi Mohammad Reza Razdar mahmood lari dasht bayaz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the variables of perception of tax justice and trust in the government on tax compliance. Among the variables that influence the tax behavior of people specializing in accounting, the impact of the variables of p More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the variables of perception of tax justice and trust in the government on tax compliance. Among the variables that influence the tax behavior of people specializing in accounting, the impact of the variables of perception of tax justice and trust in the government on tax compliance was investigated. Also, the statistical population of this research includes tax specialists working in the tax office of Khorasan Razavi province (460 people), based on the results of the Morgan table, 210 people were determined as a statistical sample (random sampling method). The experiment and data analysis were done in two ways: using correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis, the findings obtained as a result of the analysis show that (1) there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between trust in the government and tax compliance through the perception of tax justice (mediation), (2) there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between trust in the government and tax compliance, and (3) there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between trust There is a government with a perception of tax justice. Also, the model was tested using structural equation analysis and by SMART-PLS2 software. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

388 - Right to “Self-Defense” against Cyber-attacks with an Emphasis on the Attacks of the United States of America
Saeid Eid koshayesh Hossein Sorayaii Azar jahangir bagheri

10.30495/cyberlaw.2023.701877

Hostile actions and resorting to coercive force in the cyberspace fields are very important issues that could challenge fundamental principles of the international law. Many States consider the cyberspace as a battlefield and intend to inflict damages through it to thei More

Hostile actions and resorting to coercive force in the cyberspace fields are very important issues that could challenge fundamental principles of the international law. Many States consider the cyberspace as a battlefield and intend to inflict damages through it to their opponent states. United States is considered an avant-garde in these issues. The United States possess many advanced technologies in cyberspace field. In this respect, the necessity of self-defense (legitime defense) against cyber-attacks seems inevitable, although from “treaty law” point of view it lacks the basic internationally supported legislations. It remains to be clarified whether the 51th Article of the United Nations Charter could be used as a legal base for cyber self-defense or not and if that could be entitled self-defense or not. This study employs descriptive-analytical method through data analyzing system. Findings of this study indicate that in the event of a cyber-attack by a State or its agents, a cyber-self-defense could be legally justifiable provided that the legal conditions of the self-defense such as compatibility of self-defense with the attacks and some other international law principles (principle of non-use of force for example) are met, Of course, in the path of self-defense, the principle of proportionality must be observed as the main rule, and as soon as the Security Council effectively intervenes in the crisis, the defense must be terminated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

389 - Investigating the Role of Government and NGOs on the Development of Modern Tourism Diplomacy in Iran.
kourosh roomiani mahmou

Abstract: In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the More

Abstract: In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the tourism industry and tourism diplomacy as the most profitable industry in the world, due to the political and security view of tourism, the existence of highly centralized government structures has led to low participation of NGOs, so tourism appears to be on the rise. In particular, foreign policy related to tourism in Iran has not received the attention of policymakers and the planning system. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the required data were obtained from a set of diplomacy policies, tourism laws and regulations, and other domestic and foreign surveys and related external sources. And what impact do NGOs in Iran have on the development of tourism diplomacy? The results of the study show that tourism in the current situation where widespread sanctions and a resilient economy is the main issue of the country can be achieved with the participation of government and NGOs at the appropriate level.Keywords: Diplomacy (Tourism), Tourism, NGOs, Local Governments. Department of State . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

390 - Examining civil Responsibility and Method of Compensation caused by the Fault of the Government in the Spread of the Covid-19 Virus
Mojtaba Maghsoodi Hamid Soleymani

10.30495/jcld.2023.1979374.1047

The spread of the Covid-19 virus at the end of 1398 and many damages it caused to individuals is an important issue that requires a special examination about the role and extent of the government's fault in the spread of this disease. In the current research, an attempt More

The spread of the Covid-19 virus at the end of 1398 and many damages it caused to individuals is an important issue that requires a special examination about the role and extent of the government's fault in the spread of this disease. In the current research, an attempt has been made to investigate the literature of Shia jurisprudence and internal law, with a look to international law, the different dimensions of the government's civil responsibility due to the fault in the spread of the disease of Covid-19 and the extent of the government's responsibility in compensating the damages caused by the fault of the government in the spread of this virus. The following article, in a descriptive and analytical method by using the documents and library resources, while explaining the covid-19 and the government's responsibility, examines the civil responsibility of the government, its scope and method of compensation caused by the government's fault in the spread of the covid-19 virus. Examining the Shia jurisprudence sources and internal law, shows that there are several foundations and documents for the civil responsibility of the government, due to the fault in the spread of the corona virus and regarding the extent of the government's responsibility, considering the lack of separation between administrative and sovereign acts for the government in Jurisprudence, contrary to internal laws, while occupying government’s fault and damages caused by the government's fault about the victims of the Covid-19 virus, the rule of fairness is that each of the government and the injured victims are responsible to the extent of their fault and If none of them are guilty, the compensation is from the treasury. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

391 - Qur'anic and Narrative Investigation of the Reasons for the Companionship and Cooperation of Some Prophets with the Rulers of Their Time
Hossein Nori Farajbehzad Vakilabad Alireza Abdolrahimi

The idea of government is one of the most fundamental issues and debates that man has been dealing with since he understood the concept of society and tried to create it. Every society has been governed by some form of government since its emergence; therefore, the issu More

The idea of government is one of the most fundamental issues and debates that man has been dealing with since he understood the concept of society and tried to create it. Every society has been governed by some form of government since its emergence; therefore, the issue of government and rulers is a well-known matter in the field of human culture and human societies. Only the existing differences, which are sometimes very basic and fundamental, cause the government and its concept to face many reflections and reactions, and even some, as anarchist groups, challenge the necessity of the existence of the government and demand societies without governor and government. Examples of it in Islamic societies can be found in the extreme attitude of the Kharijites with the slogan lā ḥukma illā lillāh. Against these extremist groups, some confirm the necessity of the existence of the government and insist on its serious presence that they even invade the private sphere and personal privacy and do not respect anything called privacy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

392 - Development of the Concept of Global Governance in International Relations
Sajjad Heidaryfard

Abstract: The concept of global governance has become more prevalent and its meaning has been more complicated by the passage of time. While there is a perception that there should be some flexibility in the use of concepts in both theoretical and practical aspects beca More

Abstract: The concept of global governance has become more prevalent and its meaning has been more complicated by the passage of time. While there is a perception that there should be some flexibility in the use of concepts in both theoretical and practical aspects because they are desirable and unavoidable yet it felt that there is conceptual disarray which hinders more fruitful discussions and the expansion of coherent theories of global governance. A more careful use of the term global governance is necessary to achieve the goal of theorizing it. Therefore the question is "whether we can treat global governance as a theory (let alone a dominant theory)?" The present article does not seek to clarify the concept but to reveal ambiguities around it. In this direction the discussion is divided into three parts: first the concept of global governance (definitions), second contending perspectives on global governance and the third empirical problems (global governance as a situation). The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-explanatory by using library sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

393 - Typology of Women Non-Governmental Organization in some Islamic Countries
Naima Mohmammadi

Abstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countr More

Abstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countries. The present article by using text analysis and inverse questionnaire wants to analyze the speeches and statements of four non-governmental organizations in Turkey ( KA-mer),  Egypt ( Women and Arab Society Association), Saudi Arabia (International Islamic Committee for Women and Child) and Malaysia (All Women’s Action Society) between 2011-2012. These women Organizations are among most important women organizations that struggle for the recognition of Women’s right and identity. The main question raised by the article is “Why the function and performance of women’s organizations in raising their demands are different from one Muslim country to another”? The above question has been examined within the framework of post-colonial feminism (Gayatri Chakravaorty Spivak) and the third generation of Frankfurt School (Axcel Honth). The result of the regression showed 43 per cent of variation in performance of women’s organizations under the influence of different political structure of each country. The finding of the study shows that the performance of women’s organizations in Turkey and Malaysia are similar and the Egyptian women organizations performance resembles with Saudi Arabia.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

394 - The Impact of the Characteristics of the Procedure of Periodic Evaluation of Human Rights Council on Promotion of Respect for Human Rights by Governments
Ahmadreza Habibi Ardakani Masoud Hemat

Abstract: With the establishment of Human Rights Council of the United Nations new mechanism took shape within the council to enhance the respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which evaluates the condition of human rights More

Abstract: With the establishment of Human Rights Council of the United Nations new mechanism took shape within the council to enhance the respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which evaluates the condition of human rights of all the countries in period of time of four to four and half years. The aforementioned mechanism is a promotional and supervisory framework based on interaction, dialogue and cooperation by countries which its objective is to strengthen respect for human rights throughout the world. The present article by a descriptive analytical method wants to examine the impact of the mechanism of universal periodic review of the Council of Human Rights of the United Nations on strengthening the human rights among the governments. The hypothesis is that universal periodic review mechanism has led to enhancement of the respect of human rights by the governments. The finding of the study shows that the unique characteristics of the Universal Periodic Review (which cannot be found in other mechanism of the United Nations) such as increasing cooperation among governments, NGOs and international interactions, evaluation of different aspects of human rights issues, the equality of states in investigating human rights and assessment of human rights  based on collaboration and interaction, have brought accountability by the governments about human rights issues. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

395 - The Logic and Worldview of Foreign Policy of Rouhani's Administration
mohammad mahmoodikia

Abstract: With the victory of Hassan Rouhani in Iran’s presidential elections and coming into power the so called moderate movement thinking one can observe a different kind of policies in both domestic and foreign policy fields. In the new policies of Rouhani go More

Abstract: With the victory of Hassan Rouhani in Iran’s presidential elections and coming into power the so called moderate movement thinking one can observe a different kind of policies in both domestic and foreign policy fields. In the new policies of Rouhani government, one can notice multilateralism, interaction with international community and breaking isolation caused by the United Nations Security Council resolutions. This approach led to a prolong negotiations with 5+1 countries and the conclusion of Joint Comprehensive Program of Action (JCPA) which seemed to open up Iran’s relations with many countries. Besides it seemed that the above agreement could be a good model for solving other issues related to the differences of Iran and the West. The present article argues that the logic behind the policies of Rouhani government is largely influenced by multilateralism. The components of this line of thinking are derived from a particular world view inspired by religious values existing in Iran domestic context and an anti-hegemonic belief of Iran in international scene. The finding of the study shows that the principle and belief of Rouhani government is a foreign policy based on a kind of “anti-hegemonic multilateralism”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

396 - Analysis of Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the Basis of Motivational Realism (2005-2015)
Hadi Sadeghi Asl جعفر نقدی عشرت آباد امیرهوشنگ میرکوشش

Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of I More

Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of Islamic world, leadership of Shiites versus leadership of Wahhabi and Saudi's cooperation with West versus Iran's anti-West stands but there has been change and fluctuation in these policies due to change of governments in Iran. The present paper wants to examine the relations between the two countries from a different perspective and distinct from the existing international relations theories and is called motivational realism. The paper examines the relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran from the time of coming into power of Ahmadinejad till now and studies the relations between the two countries in these two periods by a comparative method. The paper wants to know that despite considerable differences between the foreign policies of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani government what has been the Saudi Arabia's reaction to moderate foreign policy of Rouhani? What has been the impact of moderate foreign policy orientation of Rouhani on regional policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

397 - Comparison of the role of political stability in the pattern of development of Malaysia and Turkey with the Islamic-Iranian model of progress
Amirebrahim Rasouli Gholam Reza Khaje Sarvari

10.30495/pir.2019.664715

The countries of Iran, Turkey and Malaysia are three Islamic countries that are similar in terms of internal characteristics; all three are Muslim countries with a wide variety of ethnic and cultural diversity, which in the past have been tallied in the less developed c More

The countries of Iran, Turkey and Malaysia are three Islamic countries that are similar in terms of internal characteristics; all three are Muslim countries with a wide variety of ethnic and cultural diversity, which in the past have been tallied in the less developed countries, and almost simultaneously, Design the progress model. The Islamic Republic of Iran has been combined with Western modernization patterns and designs. The present study is an analytical descriptive study to evaluate the development patterns in the three countries. The strategic, strategic and strategic criterion in these countries is the impact and performance of this stability in the development of the country. Comparison of the pattern of progress in these countries showed that in all three models, the principles of Islam and the practice of Islamic principles are considered and the ultimate goal of governments in developing the country is to achieve the human goals of Islam, such as social justice and the elimination of poverty. The most effective and successful model of progress for any country is a model that is designed based on its political, social, cultural, and religious characteristics, with the emphasis and inspiration from the successful experiences of advanced countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

398 - Modernization of Islamic civilization in the international arena, Based on the mystical views and ideas of Imam Khomeini In the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran
mohammad reza shamshiri Mansour Shafizadeh

10.30495/pir.2022.1950263.3443

Imam Khomeini, tried to present a model of Islam and Islamic rule, an oppressive, epic and justice-based school, relying on his mystical thoughts. The Islamic Revolution of Iran was an ideological revolution in which religion was considered the same as politics. This id More

Imam Khomeini, tried to present a model of Islam and Islamic rule, an oppressive, epic and justice-based school, relying on his mystical thoughts. The Islamic Revolution of Iran was an ideological revolution in which religion was considered the same as politics. This ideological transformation is the beginning of the Imam's path to reach a world full of light and purity and to remove the world from filth and darkness. This article has tried to use a descriptive-analytical method while paying attention to Imam's mystical principles in the formation of the Islamic Revolution and the formation of the Islamic government, and what is the role of Imam Khomeini's mystical ideas and thoughts in the modernization of Islamic civilization on a global scale? In this way, citing his views on Islamic civilization and the universal view of Islam in establishing the rule and requirements of the Islamic civilization-building thought, it reaches the point that the Islamic Revolution of Iran was a prelude to the revival of modern Islamic civilization in the late Imam's lofty thought. If the requirements are met, it has the power and capacity of transnational supply and can be the basis for the world government of the Imam Mahdi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

399 - Autopsy of Afghanistan's Political-Security Crisis from Occupation to Insecurity (2021)And its impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
rashid rekabian

10.30495/pir.2022.1964773.3541

Affected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country More

Affected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country. In this country, he added, and at present, the country is living without government and in insecurity conflicts. What are the factors affecting the new political life of Afghanistan and what is its impact on the Islamic Republic of Iran?The hypothesis that can be put forward as a research finding is that the accumulation of barriers and factors in state-building has led to today's Afghanistan as a disintegrated, fragmented and divergent society, which is in the degenerative spiral of conflict, insecurity and poverty from modernity to poverty. Become the Taliban and ISIS; Relying on the element of religion and with the aim of gaining political power, the groups have not only been institutionalized within the framework of preventing the establishment of any democracy, but have also targeted the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the region and even the international system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

400 - Challenges of Regional Integration in South Asia from the Perspective of Intergovernmentalism
Hadi Narouei

10.30495/pir.2024.1997941.3681

The integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives wer More

The integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives were not successful in practice. From 2014 onwards, due to the revival of India's First Neighborhood Policy, a positive perspective for regional integration emerged once more in the South Asian region. Despite various steps being taken and the inclusion of India as an emerging global economy in the region, true regional integration in South Asia hasn't materialized thus far. This article aims to analyze the challenges faced in achieving regional integration in South Asia. By focusing on the theory of Intergovernmentalism, the hypothesis explores how not only the differences and conflicting interests between India and Pakistan but also the differences and conflicting interests between India and the smaller countries of South Asia have hindered the convergence of the region. The study adopts a Hypothetico-deductive method and the data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The research findings indicate that security policies and individual interests of countries, including India, take precedence over economic cooperation and regional integration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

401 - The Impact of Monopolies on Social Capital
Hamid Ahmadi Davood Afshari Mehdi Karimi

The governments for supplying public goods and maintaining political stability need reliable financial and non-financial resources. These resources should be provided through taxes or the governments by making self-made restrictions and deficiencies in social and econom More

The governments for supplying public goods and maintaining political stability need reliable financial and non-financial resources. These resources should be provided through taxes or the governments by making self-made restrictions and deficiencies in social and economic system provide them. These limitations while provides financial resources for the government convert the market as a lever for controlling the society. The present article is trying to examine the impact of monopolies and control of economic، social and cultural spheres by the government on social capitals. The underlying hypothesis is that the expansion and intensification of government monopolies in the above said fields weakens and disrupts the social capital. The social capital، in fact regulates relations among human and organizational settings، create norms and builds confidence in the society. As a result in short term it leads to governmental and social corruption and in the long term prepares the ground for social anomie. Therefore، if the protection of private property، equal distribution of opportunities، equality before the law، encouraging public participation in the affairs of the society and finally fight against corruption do not get enough importance achieving development which is the ultimate goal of relations between the government and the society will not be materialized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

402 - The Structure of Government in the Middle East
Seyed Javad Emamjomehzadeh Jaafar Naghdi

In the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In o More

In the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In other words the process of formation of government in the Middle East and the emergence of several elements along with the government shows that the power of the government is reducing in favour of nongovernmental actors. This subject is being studied by making use of three traditions of English school( international system, international community and the world community) and comparing that with structure of the government in the Middle East and the move from international system towards world community. The present article shows that the structure of the government in the Middle East consists of elements which fall within three said traditions category. While we witness the increasing power of the governments and very little interaction of them with each other (international system) there are common intergovernmental institutions (international community) simultaneously supra-national movements of relatively popular nature like Pan Arabism and Pan-Islamism show themselves (world community) . Nevertheless, the process of move is in a direction which one can notice the regular transition from international system towards existing world community in developed world (West) and similar transition is happening in the Middle East. In fact that is seen in recent developments of the Middle East and North Africa although the tradition of international system in the Middle East is more powerful as compared to other two traditions (international community and world community). Therefore the main purpose of the present article is showing the trend of the move of the structure of the government in the Middle East from the tradition of international system toward international community and world community. Alongside this transition the quality of the interaction is also of great importance in forming the structure of government in the Middle East. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

403 - Explaining the Role of Oil Price in Development (Beginning, Continuation and End) of Iran-Iraq War (Text in Persian)
Saeed Mirtorabi Mehrangiz Samiei Esmaeil Rabiei

The observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf regio More

The observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf region، a region in the world which is famous for its enormous oil reserves. Taking into consideration the above fact one can find the link between this war with the wealth and oil revenue of the two countries and also the existing oil in the Persian Gulf region. The present article is trying to examine the relation between oil and the developments relating to commencement، continuation and the end of the war in a systematic and precise manner. The article also examines the impact of oil revenue and the consequences of the change in oil balance in the Persian Gulf after the victory of Islamic revolution on political situation and the calculations of Iraqi leaders and it shows how oil has helped the commencement of the war by Iraq. Likewise the article analyzes the role of oil in supplying the war expenditure and sustaining of economies of Iran and Iraq and the consequences of third oil shock، the intensification of oil tankers war، to show how these conditions had impact on continuation and later end of the war. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

404 - The Decline of the Concept of Nation-state in the Era of Globalization
shohreh Jalalpur Keanosh Payfard Mohammad Fallah

Abstract: Globalization can be defined as a complex process in which the countries and societies of the world get more interconnected. Nowadays due to impact of globalization the international relations have expanded and the establishment and strengthening of internati More

Abstract: Globalization can be defined as a complex process in which the countries and societies of the world get more interconnected. Nowadays due to impact of globalization the international relations have expanded and the establishment and strengthening of international organizations have led to reduction of autonomy and sovereignty power of the states. The question arises her is what aspect of nation-state have been challenged by globalization? In what way the power and influence of the states have been weakened? The finding of the study which has been pursued by a descriptive-analytical method shows that expansion of new media has led to the formation of new concepts like global culture and global human rights and their acceptance by the peoples of the world have challenged national culture and sovereignty. In fact the advent of globalization with support of information revolution and delocalization and the emergence of the global human rights concept has limited the national boundaries and the absolute traditional hold on sovereignty. The requirement and implications of globalization have also challenged independence and national sovereignty of the states in favor of global culture. The supra-national and non-governmental organizations have gained more power than before. Hence we are witnessing the decline of the power of national governments. Of course it is to be noted that in international scene and interactions, the official actors are still national governments but gradually their power is decreasing and giving their place to supra national institutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

405 - The Causes of Coming into Power of Khatami (Reform Government 1997/1376) on the Basis of Samuel Huntington’s Theory of Uneven Developmen
Sadegh Zibakalam Davood Afshar Abdollah Aslanzadeh

The main question which the present article discusses is what were the cause and ground of coming to power of Syed Mohammad Khatami (Reform government) in second Khordad 1376/1997? The article tries to base its argument on the theory of “uneven development” More

The main question which the present article discusses is what were the cause and ground of coming to power of Syed Mohammad Khatami (Reform government) in second Khordad 1376/1997? The article tries to base its argument on the theory of “uneven development” of Samuel Huntington. A theory which believes that once the political institution lag behind the social and economic transformation this phenomenon leads to creation of new foundation for political association and formation of new political institutions. The underlying hypothesis is that the uneven development of Hashemi period (Reconstruction period) was the cause of Khatami coming into power. In fact due to social and class mobility along with economic development and consequently the growth of new middle class which happened during this period new expectations and demands were created which were mainly participation in the country’s affairs and determining their political future. But during this period no tangible effort were made to fulfill these demands for political development. In this background the slogans of Khatami which were based on the above said demands led to this fact that a large section of voters cast their votes in favour of Khatami and this culminated to his victory in the seventh presidential elections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

406 - Pattern of Formation of Foreign Relations in The Islamic Republic of Iran from Bazargan Period to Khatami period (1978-2005)
Mohammad Yousefy Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaiee

Abstract After the occurrence of the Islamic revolution, foreign relations of Islamic Republic of Iran underwent several changes and new variables emerged which on its turn led to changes in foreign relations and determined the nature and kind of relations in different More

Abstract After the occurrence of the Islamic revolution, foreign relations of Islamic Republic of Iran underwent several changes and new variables emerged which on its turn led to changes in foreign relations and determined the nature and kind of relations in different period. In fact different national objectives and roles in several periods led to different orientation and consequently different foreign relations in the first to fourth period. Now the basic question which arises here is; what variables put the most impact on national objectives and roles in first to fourth period and as a result formation of different foreign relations? The structure of international system, domestic needs, the perception, attitude of decision makers and geopolitics are four important variables that have defined the national objectives and roles during first to fourth period and as a result led to formation of different dimension for foreign relations. The factors that have led to the formation of different foreign relations in four periods depend on the weight of the four mentioned variables. The methodology used in the study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library, documents and internet sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

407 - The Foreign Policy of Hassan Rouhani, Constructive Interaction within the Framework of Development Oriented Government
Alireza Rezaei Ghasem Torabi

The foreign policy of eleventh administration (Hassan Rouhani government) is based on what principle and orientations? These principle and orientations are according to what foreign policy model? In reply to above questions the following hypothesis can be given; taking More

The foreign policy of eleventh administration (Hassan Rouhani government) is based on what principle and orientations? These principle and orientations are according to what foreign policy model? In reply to above questions the following hypothesis can be given; taking into consideration the experience of Mr. Rouhani as the secretary of National Security Council, his articles, books and speeches and his debate during presidential election campaign on can conclude that the foreign policy of the Eleventh Administration as “constructive interaction with the world within the framework of development oriented government. This foreign policy prepares the ground for economic growth and development within the framework of Twenty Years Perspective Plan, through détente, confidence building, avoiding securitization, improving the prestige and façade of Iran, active diplomacy and ties with other countries and international organizations. According to Mr. Rouhani during the past years the foreign policy by increasing tension and pursuing radical policies had pushed Iran towards a security centered phase and have created serious obstacle for achieving economic growth and development of the country. Therefore, for putting back the country on the right track as being prescribed by document on Twenty Years Perspective (Iran in the year 1404 Iranian year) a development oriented government should hold the power. A government that its priority should be constructive interaction with the world and in this way prepares the suitable ground for economic growth and development. With these points in view the purpose of the present article is to examine by a descriptive analytical method the foreign policy of Rouhani government on the basis of constructive interaction with the world and the development oriented policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

408 - The Impact of Party Structure on Israel Foreign Policy vis-à-vis the Islamic Republic of Iran
Majid Tavasoli Roknabadi Nima Rezaei

After the formation of Israel on 14 May 1948 Iran recognized this regime on de facto basis on 6 March 1950. Israel during the second Pahlavi period considered Iran as its “strategic ally”. Ben Gurion the first Israeli prime minister set its peripheral doctri More

After the formation of Israel on 14 May 1948 Iran recognized this regime on de facto basis on 6 March 1950. Israel during the second Pahlavi period considered Iran as its “strategic ally”. Ben Gurion the first Israeli prime minister set its peripheral doctrine on this basis that Israel should join hands with countries like Turkey، Iran and Ethiopia in order to surround the Arab countries. This policy could save Israel from isolation as well as achieve its national security goals. The present article first examines the existing Israeli political parties and the political factions within them and their attitude towards the Islamic Republic of Iran in three period of time. The first period is from the victory of Islamic revolution till the Madrid Peace Conference on 30 October 1991. The second period starts from 30 October 1991 till opening of Iranian case in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the third period is from the opening of the Iranian case in IAEA till date. The question which is raised in the present article is what is the impact of Israeli political parties or coalition of political parties participating in the cabinet of the government on the attitude of Israel towards Iran. The underlying hypothesis is that Israel foreign policy towards Iran has followed a constant and fixed principles and the change in political parties or coalition of political parties constituting the cabinet or the government did not have any impact on continuity of Israel foreign policy towards Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

409 - A Comparative Study of Supervision on Government in Islam and in Liberal Democracy
Masoud Raei

Among the most important question in the field of general law is the mechanism of supervising the government and the rulers. This mental pre-occupation is having long historic roots and as a result the efforts made by intellectual and s are extensive. The important ques More

Among the most important question in the field of general law is the mechanism of supervising the government and the rulers. This mental pre-occupation is having long historic roots and as a result the efforts made by intellectual and s are extensive. The important question in this regard is the efficiency and feasibility of the suggested ways. Choosing a comparative approach is in fact a good answer to this question. The present paper tries to present a comparative approach between Islam and liberal democracy and evaluate the efficiency of methods of supervising the government. Obviously this evaluation will be possible by taking into consideration the principle, aim and implementation guarantees of both the systems. The paper is of the view that the political and legal system of Islam is more efficient. The reason to support this view is that the Islamic legal and political system is having a double mechanism for supervision, one is the internal supervision and the second one is the external supervision. The experience of prophet Mohammad (PBU) and Imam Ali (PBU) rules in the initial years of Islam is clear witness to this claim. It can also be a suitable and exceptional model for present day. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

410 - Identifying the components of social entrepreneurship and investigating their effects on empowerment of street children
alieh shekarbeigi parisa farahani

The emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this rese More

The emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this research aims to identify the components of social entrepreneurship and to find its effects on empowerment of labor and street children. This is a descriptive -correlative study. The research population consisted of managers and the staff of empowerment offices of the city of Tehran that numbered close to 600 persons. Data collecting tool is a 27 items questionnaire that its validity was achieved by content and structure method and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.935). The results showed that social entrepreneurship has direct effect on empowerment of street children. Of the components of entrepreneurship, highest and lowest effects were as follows, respectively: "basic principles of social entrepreneurship" with regression coefficient of 0.831 and "social entrepreneurial program" with regression coefficient of 0.691. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

411 - The Analysis of Action to Power of Safavid Sufi Masters
Abolfazl Fathabadi

In his study of world religions, Max Weber formulates his religious typology and presents two main ideal types in this respect. The first ideal type is inner-worldly asceticism, mainly Protestant Puritans, who are active in socio-political actions, and the second ideal More

In his study of world religions, Max Weber formulates his religious typology and presents two main ideal types in this respect. The first ideal type is inner-worldly asceticism, mainly Protestant Puritans, who are active in socio-political actions, and the second ideal type is world-flying mysticism, mainly followers of East-Asian religions and Islamic Sufis, who are passive in socio-political actions on the way to salvation. However, referring to the historical facts of the socio-political life of the Safavid Sufi masters in the process of development of Safavid government through archival research method and reviewing related historical texts, reveals cases contrary to Weber's views, and our problem emerges from this Inconsistency between scientific knowledge and historical reality. So, the main question is that according to Weber, can Sufism and Sufi Masters be included in ideal type of world- flying mysticism? Findings shows that the Safavid Sufi masters, in addition to paying attention to transcendental matters, also have taken role in worldly socio-political affairs. Therefore, they are not world-flying and passive, but their Sufism and Sufi beliefs, along with other possible effective factors, has taken an important role in the development of Safavid government. Manuscript profile

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412 - Investigating the impact of Delta model strategic positioning options on organizational performance with the moderating role of government Regulations )case study: information technology companies based in Pardis Science and Technology Park)
Mahzad Khanzadeh Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib Mitra Montazerlotf

.Investigating the impact of Delta model strategic positioning options on organizational performance with the moderating role of government Regulations )case study: information technology companies based in Pardis Science and Technology Park) Abstract The purpose o More

.Investigating the impact of Delta model strategic positioning options on organizational performance with the moderating role of government Regulations )case study: information technology companies based in Pardis Science and Technology Park) Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Delta model strategies on organizational performance with the moderating role of government regulation. This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. The statistical population was consisted of managers and experts of the strategic and marketing departments in IT firms located in the Pardis Technology Park that number was 266 people. According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to be 158. Data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of questionnaire was confirmed using expert's opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos software. Results of the study indicate that Delta model strategies, including best product, total customer solution, and system lock-in, have positive and significant impact on the IT firm’s performance. The impact of system lock-in on performance is greater than other Delta model strategies. Also, government regulation moderates the relationship between Delta model strategies and organizational performance. The greatest impact is related to the total customer solution and the least impact is related to the best product. Keywords: Delta Model, Strategic Positioning, Organizational Performance, Government Regulation, Information Technology firms Manuscript profile

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413 - Driving and Inhibiting Themes of Nation-Building in Path to Sustainable Development
Ahmad Shojaeian Ali Asghar Pourezzat Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran

10.30495/uf.2023.1998502.1154

The crafting of a common national spirit, referred to as nation-building, has been the prime objective of political systems throughout history. Nation-building is a process whereby citizens gradually arrive at a self-understanding of their common and unifying factors an More

The crafting of a common national spirit, referred to as nation-building, has been the prime objective of political systems throughout history. Nation-building is a process whereby citizens gradually arrive at a self-understanding of their common and unifying factors and take steps towards its evolution. During the process of nation-state building, political and social structures are formed to meet mutual needs. Through such interactions, efficient and development-oriented political, economic, and social structures, which form the basis for sustainable and genuine development, naturally emerge through interdependency. As a result, this research was conducted with a qualitative approach to reexamine the themes of nation-building on the path to sustainable development in Iran. The research method employed thematic analysis based on Clarke and Braun's (2006) model. The data collection instrument comprised semi-structured and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed using open and axial coding. The research population consisted of academic experts in the field of management, with data reaching saturation level after 12 interviewees. Validation was ensured through member checking and external audits. The results reveal that nation-building, as an overarching theme in the path to sustainable development in government organizations, consists of two themes: drivers and inhibitors of nation-building, comprising 83 components as major themes. This process aims to foster solidarity and cooperation between people and different organizations, with the goal of achieving sustainable development across social, economic, and environmental levels. It serves as a strategy to strengthen solidarity, unity, and national cooperation, ultimately reducing conflicts based on commonalities rooted in mutual national interests. Manuscript profile

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414 - Challenges and opportunities for implementing green management practices in Iranian industries: Perspectives from managers
Alireza Nobari Seyedmohammadbagher Mireskandari

10.30495/ijpp.2023.707896

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415 - Dual variables of government consolidation and decline from Saadi's point of view based on Skinner's hermeneutic theory
Ali Asmand junegany

10.30495/pars.2023.708458

Saadi is one of the poets who has raised the concern of governance in his poetry more than others. In interaction and confrontation with the rulers, he has presented several factors that are effective in stabilizing and consolidating as well as the decline and fall of g More

Saadi is one of the poets who has raised the concern of governance in his poetry more than others. In interaction and confrontation with the rulers, he has presented several factors that are effective in stabilizing and consolidating as well as the decline and fall of governments. In this article, we tried to investigate the dual variables of the strength of the government and its decline and fall in the textual and extratextual layers of Saadi's works and his deviation from the common and existing customs with the model of Skinner's hermeneutic method in order to get a precise understanding of the foundations of his thought. This research was done with descriptive method and content analysis and hermeneutic study of Skinner's text. In this research, we came to the conclusion that Saadi, being familiar with the fields of theoretical thought, including the norms of the Qur'an and Hadith, and the social norms before him, while understanding the existing practical conditions regarding social political issues, had an avoidance of norms and in many cases, both explicitly and implicitly. He has put practical solutions in front of statesmen and nobles regarding the reasons for the fall of rulers and the reasons for the stabilization of governments. Manuscript profile

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416 - Genealogy of didactic literature (A glance at the reasons of presence and expansion of didactic literature in Iran)
منا علی مددی

The didactic literature and its style has a long history. Many works are created and reached us with the contents of advice and recommendation. This history and the existence of many evidences have placed this kind of language as a special genre among Iranians and in Pe More

The didactic literature and its style has a long history. Many works are created and reached us with the contents of advice and recommendation. This history and the existence of many evidences have placed this kind of language as a special genre among Iranians and in Persian literature. However, in the era of Mashrooteh (constitutional revolution) when Iranians got familiar with modernism, this genre was faced with a lot of critiques and gradually weakened. The reason behind expansion in pre-modernism and then weakening in modernism period is due to type of Iran government and class structure of Iran before Mashrooteh period. In a hierarchical society in which some are higher than others the use of language of advice and recommendation is unavoidable. Therefore, Saadi and Nezamolmolk had to use this type of language in their works. In Mashrooteh period dictotarial government and hierarchical society was collapsed and the ground for developing and acceptance of didactic literature disappeared.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

417 - Ideal Government From the viewpoint of authors and poets of 4th-7th centurt
Masih Bahramian maram bolouri

Kingship was considered as a divine glory for a long time in the culture and beliefs of Iranians. Although kings used to rely on their power by the aid of their wealth and oppression or by inheritance, they regarded the rights of governing as a gift of God and their own More

Kingship was considered as a divine glory for a long time in the culture and beliefs of Iranians. Although kings used to rely on their power by the aid of their wealth and oppression or by inheritance, they regarded the rights of governing as a gift of God and their own indisputable rights. Even if we verify this unstable idea, we should mention that there have been few kings in the history that appreciated the divine blessing to use it for the interests and benefits of the community. Most of them were the ones that used to oppress their subordinates for the continuity of their power and sovereignty, and sacrificed the peoples' safety and financial securities for their own insatiable desires. Our aim in this article is to point out to the characteristics of an ideal government by relying on 4th to 7th century (A.H.) literature in order to indicate how a government should behave to the community, for the people to feel peacefulness and security, to have a relative welfare.  Then, we have dealt with recalling the behavior and moral of the kings, who according to narrations of the poets and authors of that era benefitted justice and fairness, and proper governance has been seen in their life.  Clearly, what you are observing includes evidences extracted from literature contexts that could be compared with ideal governorships introduced by the philosophers and sociologists. Manuscript profile

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418 - Analyzing Requirements Fulfill of Iran Rural Development Strategies with an Emphasis on Agricultural Industrialization Strategy
Ali Akbar Taghiloo Ahmad Aftab Ali Majnouni Toutakhane

Requirement of industrial agriculture strategy is considered in terms of economic structure, spatial interactions settlement systems, market function and construction of rural agricultural economy. The purpose of this research is to identify the requirements affect the More

Requirement of industrial agriculture strategy is considered in terms of economic structure, spatial interactions settlement systems, market function and construction of rural agricultural economy. The purpose of this research is to identify the requirements affect the realization of industrial agriculture in rural. So this research is applied and the method of it is descriptive- analytical and causal. The population of this research from 23 academic experts have formed. Accordingly, data collection was done using questionnaires and AHP model and Expert choice software were used to analyze the data. According to experts, the importance of skilled manpower in agricultural industrialization equal 0.43301 and the importance of financial capital equal 0.43300 Obtained. Funding requirements, the following criteria rents space at the city's weakening (0.4310), Marketing and Pricing float (0.2414), awareness of the market economy (0853) and organized public participation (0.146), respectively, the following criteria Space System settlement, government behavior, market performance and economic structure of the village were very important. Manuscript profile

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419 - The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations and Grassroots in Recreating the Old Urban Context (Case Study: Mahdieh Neighborhood Located in West of Shahrekord)
N. Tavakoli S. Moayedfar M. Zakeryan

Nongovernmental organizations that are independent of the government try to defend the special interests, such as social, cultural, physical, etc. One of the needs of citizens in cities with inefficient textures is the existence of grassroots and nongovernmental groups More

Nongovernmental organizations that are independent of the government try to defend the special interests, such as social, cultural, physical, etc. One of the needs of citizens in cities with inefficient textures is the existence of grassroots and nongovernmental groups in order to recreation, because attention to these textures in order to attract private sector participation and removal of their instability has become a central issue, and non-governmental organizations are scrambling to recreate the city by preserving the original characteristics. Mahdieh neighborhood faces with problems such as skeletal deterioration of buildings, and social, cultural and environmental issues. It is introduced as an ineffective neighborhood in Shahrekord and recreation in the neighborhood with the participation of grassroots organizations, Nongovernmental organizations and the support of government institutions seems necessary. This article aims to address strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in this neighborhood by using the potential of Nongovernmental organizations. It also aims to provide some strategies to improve the current situation and recreate Sustainability of the neighborhood. Desired information in this research is provided in the form of library, documentary, interviews and field studies. The results indicate that the role of external factors in the failure of the inefficiency of Mahdieh neighborhood is more than internal factors and aggressive strategy are suggested. Based on Qspm model, the best strategies in order of preference, are using the potential of councils, increasing the role of public participation, and creating applications that are needed in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile

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420 - Role of mass constructors in urban housing devel-opment (in Rasht as a case study)
اصغر شکرگزار غنچه رضایی پور

The present study investigated the role of mass constructors  in urban housing development in Rasht as a case study. Study showed: The factors affecting housing production (land, materials, labor, taxes and duties, facilities, etc.) and production of mass housing More

The present study investigated the role of mass constructors  in urban housing development in Rasht as a case study. Study showed: The factors affecting housing production (land, materials, labor, taxes and duties, facilities, etc.) and production of mass housing in the city of Rasht, Housing construction activities in Rasht, did not show a regular progress in recent year, it alternatively showed ascendiry and de scendiry in different times. In other words, in recent years due to the reduction of urban construction in the whole country, government housing and supportive policies resulted in a decrease in similar activities in Rasht. There is no significant relation between the supportive government policies and the mass production of housing (mass), in Rasht. This relationship shows that the rate of mass construction in Rasht can be regarded as a direct result of supportive governmental policies (such as banking and finantial facilities, tax reduction, stability in prices, etc). Such facilities and more favorable conditions for mass housing construction, increases the rate of mass construction. Studies indicated that a new method of mass housing for indigent people has been formed by the government recently which has been exposed in terms of  " maskan-e mehr " project. Manuscript profile

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421 - The Performances of Geometric Power over the Physical Structure of Spaces (An Introduction to Genealogy of Safvid’s Government Building Complex in Esfahan)
aklbar motamedimehr danial rahmat

The forward research has been done with target recognition and specifying geostrategic ability of the Qods occupying regime to identify and determine the geo-strategic capabilities in the hardware field (military power), geo-politics (policy settlements and water) and s More

The forward research has been done with target recognition and specifying geostrategic ability of the Qods occupying regime to identify and determine the geo-strategic capabilities in the hardware field (military power), geo-politics (policy settlements and water) and software (the media) and its impact on the geopolitical Islamic republic of Iran. Geographic area where the research has been conducted, limited to the south and south-west Asia and north Africa are, But because of the widespread influence of this regime in the countries and international institutions, particularly the United States and its influence on the geo-strategic capabilities Quds occupiers, This relationship was also considered and investigated. Methods In this descriptive study - analysis and use of library resources, documents and the Internet are usually "common method is to study the humanities This study shows that politicians in the occupied territories and are based on the belief that peace in South-West Asia, Only through a combination of powerful hardware and software, it has achieved this regime, The only obstacle to achieving this result, the set of countries are supportive of the Islamic Resistance, And to crush the resistance, should be the mainstay and backbone of the Islamic Republic of Iran is about the invasion. So using all the tools that are intended to come into the beating heart of the Muslim world and its surrounds, And the different ways that affect the ability of geopolitical. Manuscript profile

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422 - Tourism, government and political economy in Iran
heidar lotfi naser soltani naser eghbali

The role and position of government in tourism industry is undeniable and can not be replaced by any other parameters such as individuals, groups and ultra-national actors and the exact representation of  governmental interference in tourism industry can be found i More

The role and position of government in tourism industry is undeniable and can not be replaced by any other parameters such as individuals, groups and ultra-national actors and the exact representation of  governmental interference in tourism industry can be found in all developed and less developed countries, but being successful in this field needs balancing performances between governmental section in one side and  private sections and other actors such as institutions and international organizations in other side and this is a very  complicated  and vulnerable strategy which needs the realization of  presuppositions such as formation and development  of  nation-state process, and to some how to increase  the trust among government and society, lack of rent economy and the governmental willing-lessens toward legitimating. In this study we have tried to indicate the reasons for governmental movement  from policy-making procedures toward  the field of operative policy-making and charging difficulties in lower levels, by the use of  effective parameters in Iran’s political economy such as the imperfect procedures of state formation ,or the bourgeoisie historical infirmity ,oil-dependent economy and the formation and development of informal economy  and popularization of  them on tourism industry .For this mean and to ease the understanding of deep governmental presence in tourism industry we have used the dependency factors and legal properties  of places and the centers mostly referred to by tourist and  the results of such survey demonstrated that the most of  aforementioned centers, were depended to the institutions and the governmental ministries and although  the private sections had quantity suitable places, but it seems that the lack of necessary backgrounds for the emersion of  a contesting bazaar caused difficulty for them. Manuscript profile

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423 - Access and Utilization of Government Health Facilities by Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Kogi State, Nigeria.
Ufedo Shaibu Mohammed Ibrahim

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424 - Socio-economic and Farm-level Characteristics Influencing Adoption of Rice Production Technologies in Lavun Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
Umar Sheshi Isah

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425 - Comparative study of government-university relationship In Iran during the second Pahlavi period and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution
shadi jamali

The university plays a vital role as a subset of the higher education system as a center for training and preparing efficient, competent and skilled human resources to meet the needs of society in different fields. Unquestionably, it can be said that the university as o More

The university plays a vital role as a subset of the higher education system as a center for training and preparing efficient, competent and skilled human resources to meet the needs of society in different fields. Unquestionably, it can be said that the university as one of the institutions of modern society has played a very important role in contemporary political-social developments since its inception, which is why one of the main concerns of the state, university control And its use as one of the ideological devices for implementing such functions as legitimizing the political system, maintaining solidarity and conflict prevention. Our universities have a special position, on the other hand, they are stuck in the grip of power, which is the main symbol of the state. On the other hand, the state cycles are not balanced and there are fluctuations in it. Managers are highly variable. The state's high government presence in the university, with its discursive discourse, causes the university to fluctuate. So that during the Pahlavi II era and after the Islamic Revolution, the government controlled the university through influence on the board of trustees, there were acts against professors and students and control through the supervisory bodies, which is contrary to the principle of university autonomy. In fact, the government thinks that in the mentioned periods. Manuscript profile

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426 - Designing A Model For Explaning Sustainable Human Resource Management In Government organization Iran
Ezatollah kiani hassan rangriz kumars ahmadi

The main purpose of this research is to Designing A Model For Explaning Sustainable Human Resource Management In Government organization In Iran.The present research is a developmental and applied based on objective and is qualitative in terms of its nature. The society More

The main purpose of this research is to Designing A Model For Explaning Sustainable Human Resource Management In Government organization In Iran.The present research is a developmental and applied based on objective and is qualitative in terms of its nature. The society is marketing expert and human resources in the qualitative sector Experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowball techniques ,which, according to the adequacy of the data,19 experts have been interviewed. Data was analysed based on Grounded theory. The results show that the components personal the Groups and organizational and attention to the are identified as casul conditions. The main phenomenon is individual characteristics. Internal and external factors as intervener condition, Organizational culture as capacity building .organizational change and planning context and the practices management infommation system Design. Personal outcom. Organizational outcom and social outcom of human resource management sustainable and competent and skill mananement of human resources as main strategies have been identified. it should be noted that the questions of interviews and questionnaires are survey method, therefore, controlling all the variables by the researcher is not totally possible. representing the solutions to the ministry and town amis at improving the management to sustainable human resource of the survival of the organization Manuscript profile

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427 - Civil liability of the Iranian government in misdiagnosis and collection of taxes and its social effects on the trust of taxpayers
mohamadali noormohamadi Seyd Mohamadmehdi ghamami Askar Jalalian

The subject was examined using the qualitative content analysis method.The issue of social trust of actors (taxpayers) was explained using legal and sociological perspectives such as Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama.First of all,it should be noted that taxes are the More

The subject was examined using the qualitative content analysis method.The issue of social trust of actors (taxpayers) was explained using legal and sociological perspectives such as Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama.First of all,it should be noted that taxes are the main source of government revenue for the performance of its duties,and in accordance with Article 51 of the Constitution,no taxes are levied except in the case of exemptions and tax deductions are specified by law.One of the most fundamental goals of taxation is to increase social welfare, which due to the declining law of ultimate desirability of money by taxing economic actors and reaching lower incomes and the poor, social welfare increases and is closer to justice.Studies show that whenever tax payment loses its social justification, is obedience becomes generally accepted and replaces tax compliance as a pervasive social norm in the relationship between formal and informal institutions of society.The findings indicate that the lack of transparency in tax laws and its social effects on the confidence of taxpayers means that there are different interpretations and directives for legal materials that confuse taxpayers and tax officials.herefore, transparency in the field of taxation will lead to social trust and also to the growth of social capital, and in a society where social capital is difficult, economic anomie will be created and economic anomie will lead to the maximum non-tax government selling raw It will be less accountable, so the more transparent the tax system, the more fundamentally it will transform the political economy and lead to the growth and development of a justice-based society.Since everything is political today, the role of governments in the transparent taxation process will be decisive, otherwise it will lead to the erosion of social trust, which will be a threat to the living world of tax actors. Manuscript profile

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428 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Social Welfare Policies on Women's Social Deprivation in Iran (Case study of the policies of the tenth government and the eleventh government)
Roghayeh Ehsani Kalkhoran babak Naderpour Dr. Roya Montazemi hamidreza Nategh Nouri

This study has compared the impact of social welfare policies on women's social deprivation in Iran in the policies of the tenth and eleventh governments with a review method (documentary-library). The findings show that when we consider issues such as citizenship right More

This study has compared the impact of social welfare policies on women's social deprivation in Iran in the policies of the tenth and eleventh governments with a review method (documentary-library). The findings show that when we consider issues such as citizenship rights, education and women's employment as the basis of welfare policies, this has shown a worse situation in Ahmadinejad's tenth government than in the eleventh Rouhani government. In general, the welfare policies of women's rights, education, and women's employment in Ahmadinejad's tenth and eleventh governments have failed to reduce women's social deprivation in Iran in various dimensions. In Iran, the status of the employment system in the field of women's employment has not been stable, and the lack of government expertise in the field of employment policy and a one-dimensional view in this area has led to a shortage of women's employment programs, which is more important in Ahmadinejad's government than the government. Rouhani is obvious. Women's education has outpaced their employment in Ahmadinejad's tenth government and Rouhani's 11th, and the number of unemployed graduates has always increased over the years, indicating that both governments have moved toward feminization of poverty because the performance of the two The government has increased poverty, inequality, wage inequality, increased the number of mothers with young children, and female-headed households. Manuscript profile

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429 - The Riddle of Underdevelopment of Iran from the View Point of the Social Sciences Experts
Mahmoud Bastaminezhad Akbar Talebpour khalil mirzaei

The purpose of this research is to analyze the views of the social sciences experts of Iran regarding the causes of the country's underdevelopment and to seek solutions to this problem and to achieve development. According to the research objectives, the qualitative app More

The purpose of this research is to analyze the views of the social sciences experts of Iran regarding the causes of the country's underdevelopment and to seek solutions to this problem and to achieve development. According to the research objectives, the qualitative approach and Delphi research method have been used. The participants of this research included all those who were in the field of development and had a book, article or research effect. Using a targeted and information-oriented sampling method, 15 of these people were selected as contributors. The results of the research show that the contributing experts in this research consider the role of internal barriers in the underdevelopment of the country more important, and the main reason for them is "internal mismanagement" and the lack of "decent management" and the lack of proper managers and the lack of a development-oriented government is also due to the fact that it will intensify and continue. Their most important solution to get out of this situation is the emergence of a development-oriented government focused on the full participation of the people . Manuscript profile

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430 - Investigating the components of the social environment of non-governmental schools based on the SWOT model to provide an optimal strategy
behrang esmaeili shad razieh hooshmand mahboubeh soleimanpouromran

The purpose of the research is to analyze the social environment of non-governmental schools in order to provide an optimal strategy based on SWOT analysis. The research method is descriptive. The statistical population included all staff of non-governmental schools in More

The purpose of the research is to analyze the social environment of non-governmental schools in order to provide an optimal strategy based on SWOT analysis. The research method is descriptive. The statistical population included all staff of non-governmental schools in Torbat-e-Haydiriyah in 210 people. 132 person were selected as sample and based on Krejcy-Morgan table using stratified sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 60 items (15 questions of strenghth, 15 questions of weakness, 15 questions of opportunity and 15 questions of threat). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts and reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.78. Data analysis of the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were analyzed by chi-square test and the effect of comparison of results based on swot model using Spss 21 software. The results of the research indicate that the final strategy of the non-governmental educational system is derived from the clash of strengths and opportunities, which in some way expresses an aggressive strategy. Manuscript profile

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431 - Social Consequences And Stratgies Sustainable Human Resource Management In Government Organizations Iran
Ezatollah kiani Hassan Rangriz kumars ahmadi

The main purpose of this research is Social Consequences And Stratgies Sustainable Human Resource Management In Government Organizations Iran .The present research is a developmental and applied based on objective and is qualitative in terms of its nature. The society i More

The main purpose of this research is Social Consequences And Stratgies Sustainable Human Resource Management In Government Organizations Iran .The present research is a developmental and applied based on objective and is qualitative in terms of its nature. The society is marketing expert and human resources in the qualitative sector Experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowball techniques ,which, according to the adequacy of the data,19 experts have been interviewed. Data was analysed based on Grounded theory. The results show that the components personal the Groups and organizational and attention to the are identified as casul conditions. The main phenomenon is individual characteristics. Internal and external factors as intervener condition, Organizational culture as capacity building .organizational change and planning context and the practices management infommation system Design. Personal outcom. Organizational outcom and social outcom of human resource management sustainable and competent and skill mananement of human resources as main strategies have been identified. it should be noted that the questions of interviews and questionnaires are survey method, therefore, controlling all the variables by the researcher is not totally possible. representing the solutions to Government Organizations Iran the management to sustainable human resource of the survival of the organization. Manuscript profile

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432 - Analyzing and investigating political participation in the justice-oriented government discourse based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe
Abolqasem Shamsabadi Musa Shahriari yousef Amini

One of the most popular and at the same time the most complicated issues of new societies is the issue of political participation. Examining how political participation in the formulation of a political discourse in the atmosphere of competition with other discourses is More

One of the most popular and at the same time the most complicated issues of new societies is the issue of political participation. Examining how political participation in the formulation of a political discourse in the atmosphere of competition with other discourses is of great importance considering the specific political conditions and atmosphere of the Iranian society. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze and investigate political participation in the discourse of justice-oriented government based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative method in terms of type. In this regard, Fairclough's discourse analysis method was used. The time of the current research, in terms of the research dimension, included the two terms of Mr. Ahmadinejad's presidency. The statistical community is a collection of speeches and interviews of the head of the justice-oriented government regarding political participation.The analysis of the sentences was done in order to find the signifiers of the justice-oriented principled discourse based on Laclau and Mouffe's method. In the discourse of fundamentalism, there is the central sign of Islamic system (jurisprudence);other discourse elements present in this discourse, such as central justice, the role of the people, selflessness,clean hands and participation of all, are in this discourse, law, values, freedom, justice and guardianship. The jurist gives meaning and the political participation of the people is effective in the acceptance of the system and the legitimacy of the system depends on the religious pillars, but the time takes its legitimacy from Wali Asr (AS) and even the constitution is understood under the banner of the province in the discourse of principle of province.It is the absolutist jurist who legitimizes the political participation of the people by enforcing it and legitimizes the free acceptance of the people. Manuscript profile

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433 - Analysis of Land Tenure System Among Rice Farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Luka Gougong Ezra H, Yahaya

The research analyzed the land tenure system among rice farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) farmers were sampled by a multi stage sampling procedure and used as respondents for the study. Well-structured questionn More

The research analyzed the land tenure system among rice farmers in Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) farmers were sampled by a multi stage sampling procedure and used as respondents for the study. Well-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. The main means of data analysis were percentages and correlation. Findings revealed that 46.7 percent of the respondents were within the age range of 31-40 years. Majority (77.9%) of the respondents were married and full time farmers. The predominant system of land ownership among the respondents was by inheritance. Land fragmentation was perceived to be the major constraints to land ownership in the study area. The results further showed that farm size correlated positively and significantly with annual income (r=0.519, p<0.001) and the yield significantly and positively correlated with marital status (r=0.243, p<0.001), annual income (r=0.604, p<0.001) and farm size (r=0.727, p<0.001). The problems of land tenure system that affects rice production as revealed by the study were Land fragmentation, Excessive land ownership, Land litigation and Expropriation. The study recommended that legislation given rice farmers title to land should be enforced by government in consideration of the fact that rice production need to improve to meet the demand of the teaming populace in the study area. Manuscript profile

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434 - Analysis of Agro-Chemical Inputs Use in Maize Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Iwo Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Gafar Olawumi Iyiowu

In spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical in More

In spite of the development of various improved cultivars of maize, yield in Nigeria has continued to be hampered by the over cropped nature of most farmlands as well as a wide range of pests and diseases. This study therefore carried out an analysis of agro-chemical inputs’ use in maize production among small scale farmers in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between agro-chemical inputs’ use and maize yield in the study area. It determined the factors affecting agro-chemical inputs’ use and the major constraints to its usage. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 105 respondents obtained through a two stage random sampling procedure. Analyticaltools employed for the study included Pearson Moment correlationand linear regression analysis. The study revealed a 78.5% positive and significant relationship between agro-chemical inputs’ use and maize yield (p< 0.01). High cost and irregularity of supplies, insufficient farm income and fear of health hazards were the major constraints to the use of agro-chemicals. The determinants of agro-chemical inputs’ use among the farmers were; farm size, income at p Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

435 - Investigating the Effects of Financial Repression on Private Investment in Agriculture Sector
Abdolmajid Jalaee Sima Shafei Mina Javadinia

One of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. Financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest More

One of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. Financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest on bank deposits, high rates of legal reserves, and the government’s interference in distribution of bank credits,which prevents the efficient performance of financial market for better allocating resources and funds. On the other hand, investment in agricultural sector enjoys a significant importance due to the growth of production and employment in this sector and rooting for the same notions in other economic sectors. Regarding the fact that the subject matter of the current paper is of utmost importance, it tries to investigate the impacts of financial repression on investments in agricultural sector. In order to realize this objective, measures such as the size of the government in economy, the measure for financial intermediation of banks, and the ratio of savings to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) were utilized as the factors for financial repression. The regression results of ARDL showed that the effects from the measures of government size in economy and financial intermediation of banks had a negative and significant impact on private investment in agricultural sector. This means that the bigger the size of government in economy the less the willingness of the private sector for investing in agriculture. Moreover, regarding the fact that the majority of banks in Iran are governmental, the measure for financial intermediation of banks had a negative and significant impact on private investment of agricultural sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

436 - Identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector
Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani JALIL SAHABI

Background and purpose: cultural competence enables the service provider to perform optimally in a multicultural environment and empowers the government organization in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This article was conducted with the aim of identifying the con More

Background and purpose: cultural competence enables the service provider to perform optimally in a multicultural environment and empowers the government organization in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This article was conducted with the aim of identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector.Research method: First, meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the research literature, then in the second step, using the opinions of 12 university experts through a semi-structured questionnaire and a two-step Delphi method was used to finalize the model.Findings: First, with a systematic review of 311 scientific sources, which reached 29 after refinement, 3 indicators and 8 sub-indices affecting cultural competence were extracted, then in a questionnaire of 12 experts in the first round, the Kendall coefficient was 625/. It was achieved and by making corrections in the second step, the approved result was 731/. Was obtained.Discussion and conclusion: indicators of cultural security, desirable quality of work life, organizational trust, feeling of respect, self-empowerment, promotion of public culture, reduction of cultural costs, promotion of cultural health, are eight final sub-indices. The application of this article in the public healthcare sector can be a tool for evaluating cultural competence and its findings can be the basis for conducting management measures for organizational improvement and reform. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

437 - Presenting a Human Resource Development Policy Model with Emphasis on the Roles of Actors and Drawing Relationships between Model Components in Iranian State Agencies
Ali Mostafa Roozbeh Kaveh teymournejad Mohammad Reza Rabiee Mondajin

Abstract Context/Purpose: One of the most successful areas of calligraphy patterns is the correct understanding of the actors and the relationships between them. The aim of this study is to first introduce a model for human resource development policy-making and then to More

Abstract Context/Purpose: One of the most successful areas of calligraphy patterns is the correct understanding of the actors and the relationships between them. The aim of this study is to first introduce a model for human resource development policy-making and then to identify the most important and effective actors in the successful implementation of policy-making and provide a clearer model based on the policy-making process model by leveling and determining the relationship of components. Methodology:The present paper is qualitative in terms of practical purpose, qualitative in terms of data nature, and survey and cross-sectional in terms of data collection method. To achieve theoretical saturation, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 18 experts, and this data was analyzed by thematic method. The method of sampling was unlikely and purposeful judgment. Findings: In this study, seven main actors have been identified to implement the model and at the configuration of components, redesigning the staff education system with human resource development approach is at the level of one of the other findings of the research is to identify the seven main actors. The main actor is from a high-ranking institution such as the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Conclusion: The most important results of this study are the redesign of the staff education system using the first level rational mechanism that previous researchers have emphasized and the formation of an independent higher institution as the most central actor in the success of the model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

438 - Assess the role of managers' emotional intelligence on the implementation of resistance economics in government organizations
rasoul ranjbarian adel jahanbakhshi

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of managers' emotional intelligence on achieving the goals of resistance economics in government organizations in Shahindezh city. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descripti More

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of managers' emotional intelligence on achieving the goals of resistance economics in government organizations in Shahindezh city. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive data collection method. The statistical population studied in this study was the managers and deputies of government departments of Shahindezh city in 2018, whose number is 145 people. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was cited and 105 people were selected by stratified random sampling method to answer. Data collection tools were used using the standard Shering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1996) and Faizian Resistance Economics (2016). Formal narrative method was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for both questionnaires were 0.939 and 0.957, respectively, for data analysis of two-variable linear elongation and elongation test, multiple regression and single sample t regression. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between managers' emotional intelligence and resistance economics was 0.522 and also the results of linear regression test showed that the dimensions of emotional intelligence including (self-motivation, self-awareness, self-control, empathy, social skills of managers) achieved economic goals. Resistance in the government departments of Shahindaj city, respectively, had a positive and significant effect of 0.526, 0.432, 0.509, 0.298 and 0.428, and then the self-motivation of managers has the greatest impact on achieving the goals of the resistance economy. Manuscript profile

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439 - Presenting the characteristic model of organizations affected by organizational trauma and its consequences in government organizations
seyede fateme ghane koshalshahi hameedreza rezaee kelidbaree davood kiakojouri behzad farokhseresht

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizations affected by organizational morale attacks and the consequences of these attacks in Iran's government organizations. The current research is a descriptive exploratory type in terms of the fundamental-app More

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizations affected by organizational morale attacks and the consequences of these attacks in Iran's government organizations. The current research is a descriptive exploratory type in terms of the fundamental-applied goal and in terms of the method of doing the work. A mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was used to conduct the research. The statistical population of the qualitative stage included university experts in the field of public administration and for the quantitative stage, 338 people were selected by the cluster sampling method. The data collection tool in the first stage includes a semi-structured interview and two Delphi stages (closed questionnaire) and in the second stage is a 55-question questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was done using foundation data method and MAXQDA software, and quantitative part data was done using structural . The results showed that in the qualitative part, 20 organizing themes and 4 comprehensive themes of the consequences of trauma and 8 organizing theme indicators and 2 inclusive themes of the characteristics of the affected organizations were identified. Also, in the quantitative part, the research model has been confirmed based on the result of the second-order factor analysis, and the R2 index about the characteristics of organizations affected by emotional shocks is equal to 0.633 and about the consequences of psychological shocks is equal to 0.617, which means The fit of the structural model is generally strong. Manuscript profile

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440 - Presenting the Model of Organizational Morale in Iran's Government Organizations (Study of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade)
Seyede Fateme Ghane Koshalshahi Hamidreza Rezaee Kelidbaree Davood Kiakojooree Behzad Farokhseresht

10.30495/msds.2023.1988945.1149

One of the important phenomena that threatens organizations today is emotional and psychological traumas that are created in organizations and lead to destructive consequences. The purpose of this research is to provide a model of morale in Iran's government organizatio More

One of the important phenomena that threatens organizations today is emotional and psychological traumas that are created in organizations and lead to destructive consequences. The purpose of this research is to provide a model of morale in Iran's government organizations. The current research is developmental-applicative in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of doing the work, it is mixed of the exploratory type. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage included university experts in the field of public administration and the statistical population of the quantitative stage included all the employees of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade. The statistical sample was selected in the qualitative section with a targeted approach of 10 people and in the quantitative section, 338 people were selected by the cluster sampling method. The data collection tool in the first stage includes a semi-structured interview and two Delphi stages and in the second stage there is a 55-question questionnaire whose validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. Qualitative data analysis was done using foundation data method and MAXQDA software, and quantitative part data was done using structural equation method in SMART-PLS 3 software. The results showed that in the qualitative part, there are 27 organizing themes and three comprehensive themes of the factors that cause morale in government organizations, 20 organizing themes and 4 inclusive themes of the consequences of morale attacks, and 8 indicators of the organizing theme and 2 inclusive themes of the characteristics of organizations. Damaged has been identified. Also, in the quantitative part, the research model has been confirmed based on the result of the second-order factor analysis. Manuscript profile

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441 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Drivers of the Formation of Anti-citizen Behaviors in the Employees of Government Organizations (Case of Study: Ilam Government Organizations)
Shahin Ghiasi Sadegh Feizollahi

The purpose of this research is to identify the drivers of the formation of anti-citizen behaviors in the employees of government organizations. Based on the purpose, the current research is applied and from the point of view of how to collect data, it is mixed research More

The purpose of this research is to identify the drivers of the formation of anti-citizen behaviors in the employees of government organizations. Based on the purpose, the current research is applied and from the point of view of how to collect data, it is mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The tool for collecting data in the qualitative part is the interview and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire. The research community in the qualitative part included university experts and government department managers, 15 people were selected based on the purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the government offices of Ilam province, numbering 29,240 people (according to the Iranian Statistics Center), of which 379 people were selected as a sample using the simple random sampling method and using the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The qualitative part of this research was done using theme analysis. In the quantitative phase, the structural equation test was used for the confirmatory factor analysis of the questions. In this research, K.M.O statistics and Bartlett's test were used to determine the appropriateness of the data for factor analysis. The t-statistic was used to verify the obtained indicators. The results led to the identification of 10 themes in the form of three main concepts individual factors, organizational factors, and management factors. The model fit results showed that the model has good validity and fit. The results of Vicor's ranking showed that aggression, organizational injustice, and gossip are ranked first to third among the most important drivers of employees' anti-organizational citizenship behavior, respectively. Manuscript profile

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442 - Analysis of Iran's Government Management Discourse in Tourism Development Sector (Reviewed Discourses: Reforms, Justice-oriented and Moderation)
Mostafa Ghodrati Mehrban Hadi Peykani Reza Ebrahimzadeh

10.30495/msds.2023.1999945.1176

The purpose of this research is to analyze the discourse of Iran's government management in the field of tourism development. The scope of this research was all the texts expressed by government managers in the tourism sector in three historical periods of governance in More

The purpose of this research is to analyze the discourse of Iran's government management in the field of tourism development. The scope of this research was all the texts expressed by government managers in the tourism sector in three historical periods of governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the reform discourse, the justice-oriented discourse, and the moderation discourse in 8-year periods. The scope of this research included a collection of texts that were published in newspapers, magazines, and the website of the presidency, etc. The statistical sample in this research was a total of 83 texts that were interpreted and analyzed. Library method was used to collect data in this research. The current research method was discourse analysis. The findings showed that the managers of two periods have thought about achieving good governance indicators and have stated in many texts that it is necessary to move in that direction. But in both eras, contrary to what has been said, the reality is something else, and the current situation is far from the promised situation, which is good governance. Using the method of discourse analysis and examining linguistic rules, it is possible to find out in the discourse coordinates of government administrators that speaking beautifully in the eyes of the public can make weak performance appear strong by deceiving public opinion. Manuscript profile

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443 - A Robust Green multi-Channel Sustainable Supply Chain based on RFID technology with considering pricing strategy and subsidizing policies
Elham Kouchaki Tajani Armin Ghane Kanafi Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr Ali-Asghar Hosseinzadeh

10.30495/jiei.2023.1958875.1229

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444 - Selection of energy source and evolutionary stable strategies for power plants under financial intervention of government
Ashkan Hafezalkotob Reza Mahmoudi

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445 - Impacts of government interventions on pricing policies of the dual-channel supply chain by considering retailer services
Taher Javadi Ashkan Hafezalkotob

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446 - Dilemma in two game structures for a closed-loop supply chain under the influence of government incentives
Subrata Saha Izabela Ewa Nielsen Sani Majumder

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447 - The model of digital identity in smart government of government agencies with the mediating role of digital transformation leadership
Davood Sharifian Fahimeh Babalhavaeji zahra Abazari

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present the model of digital identity and smart government with the mediating role of digital transformation leadership in Iranian government agencies.Methodology:  The present study has tried to follow a mixed approach an More

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present the model of digital identity and smart government with the mediating role of digital transformation leadership in Iranian government agencies.Methodology:  The present study has tried to follow a mixed approach and utilize the grounded theory with the classical approach of Glaser and Strauss in the form of a design (exploratory and descriptive-survey) a clear and comprehensive picture of digital identity in smart government in government agencies. Iran with the role of mediator to lead the digital transformation. The statistical population of this study consists of two parts: In the first part, which was done through a qualitative approach and using the data theory of the foundation, 20 experts in the field of e-government and digital identity were interviewed. In the second part of the research, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 government employees in different departments. The data were analyzed using SPSS SMARTPLS3 software.Results: components of digital identity include (utility, comprehensive, secure, choice, tailored to the purpose), and factors related to smart government (smart services, smart environment, smart security, smart resources, smart interaction, digital organization, digital governance, Digital roadmap), and factors related to digital transformation leadership (digital organization, digital governance, digital roadmap).Conclusion: The general results of the study indicate that digital identity in smart government of the government agencies with the mediating role of digital transformation leadership is effective that the value of beta coefficient of digital identity on transformational digital leadership is equal to 0.485, and the value of beta coefficient related to transformation leadership Digital on smart government is equal to 0.745, the beta coefficient of the third path is equal to 0.256. Manuscript profile

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448 - Cost-Benefit Survey of Conservation and Preservation Methods of Resources in Libraries of Tehran Governmental Universities
Effat Karimi mazrae Shahi Abass Gilvari

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-benefit of resources’ conservation and preservation methods in libraries of Tehran governmental universities. Methodology: The method of the present research is descriptive. The stratified sampl More

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-benefit of resources’ conservation and preservation methods in libraries of Tehran governmental universities. Methodology: The method of the present research is descriptive. The stratified sampling technique is used to indicate a total sample of 83 managers/ supervisors of central and academic libraries (contain 13 central and 70 academic libraries) who 42 of them (51 percent) answer the questionnaires. To gather at the research data a questionnaire with 9 tables is designed. Validity of the questionnaire was determined with some of library professors and its reliability was measured with Cornbrash’s alpha about 0.88 that is good. The data analysis of the present research was performed by Excel. Findings: Findings showed that in this population, cleaning (62.20 percent) is the most activity of conservation, and binding and replacement (83.34 percent) is the most activity of preservation. Also in the libraries with the higher resources, cost-benefit attribute (desirability of economic profitability) is relatively good. The situation is more or less similar to the average resource libraries, but in the libraries with lower sources which the major part of the research (about 64/29 percent) there is not any desirability of economic profitability in the conservation and preservation selected methods. Conclusion: The results of the libraries’ cost-benefit evalution showed that small libraries are in the unsuitable situation. Protection against atmospheric pollution, security, and protection against fire methods are the main shortcomings in these groups of libraries. Manuscript profile

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449 - Electronic Resource Management in Academic Libraries of Tehran
Yaghoub Norouzi Ahmad Nourpour

Purpose: The aim of this study is identifying electronic resource management in academic libraries of Tehran. Methodology: This study is applied and descriptive method. The population of research was all of the managers of academic libraries of governmental universitie More

Purpose: The aim of this study is identifying electronic resource management in academic libraries of Tehran. Methodology: This study is applied and descriptive method. The population of research was all of the managers of academic libraries of governmental universities of Tehran, including 15 subjects. Data gathering was done with a researcher-made questionnaire in 7 sections and 28 criteria (policy, budget, ordering, evaluation, providing and weeding, protection and access). Findings: 86.7% of the libraries have had a policy for electronic resources. Also, collection development method with 44.4% is done by consortium. In some libraries (46.6%) there is no weeding. Also, there is no protection program for resource. At the end, the most accessible arrangement belongs to familiarity with libraries. Conclusion: In a practical way the result of present research can be used in promotion of electronic resource management. Also, the results of this study can be used in libraries and other similar organizations and can remove possible weaknesses and increase strengths.         Manuscript profile

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450 - Investigating the physical injuries of workplace among librarians of governmental universities of Isfahan based on Ergonomic principles
zohreh mirhoseini Neda Gholizadeh

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the physical injuries of workplace among librarians of governmental universities of Isfahan based on Ergonomic principles. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey by using questionnaire in 3 parts: demogra More

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the physical injuries of workplace among librarians of governmental universities of Isfahan based on Ergonomic principles. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey by using questionnaire in 3 parts: demographic, Nordic, and library equipment and occupational conditions. Data analysis has been done by SPSS software, P coefficient of correlation and t-test. Findings: The amount of physical injuries at work according to different sections is Management/ 58%, Circulation/ 67%, Technical services/ %, andperiodical/ 77%.The librarians who work in other sections have declared the mount of injuries 11/11%, and those who simultaneously work at several sections have 84% injuries.On the whole, the amount of physical injuries in 12 months is 41/42%, in 3 months is 29/95% and in a week is 21/74%.The amount of absence at work is 7/7% and the amount of going to doctor because of physical injuries is 6/2%. Conclusion: There is a significant relation between age, work experience, and doing exercise with physical injuries, but there isn’t a significant relation between gender, working hours, library equipment and occupational conditions with physical injuries.   Manuscript profile

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451 - An Analysis of the Stagnation Causes of the Iranian Political Culture
Shahram Ghazizadeh Garineh Keshishyan Siraki

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452 - [1
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Seyed Kamran Seif

[1

[1 Manuscript profile

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453 - China's Development (The Role of the China’s Government in the Development Process)
Ahmadreza Bordbar Mostafa Ehsani

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454 - The Middle East and the Legitimate Government based on James Rosena's Theory of Chaos with an Emphasis on Iran
Reza Fazlali HosseinAli Nowzari Reza Shirzadi

Man was created with problems and he overcame them with the cooperation of humans. The complexity of the problems caused people to establish social institutions such as government. But not only did it not solve the crises, but also added to their complexity. In this art More

Man was created with problems and he overcame them with the cooperation of humans. The complexity of the problems caused people to establish social institutions such as government. But not only did it not solve the crises, but also added to their complexity. In this article, we tried to show with the help of the "chaos" model of "James Rosena" that the crises in the age of communication and globalization, which have disturbed the world order; It is the same as order, and it is the result of a series of actions with the variables of tyranny, monopoly, corruption, lack of efficient institutions, rent, weak and dependent governments, which is the reaction of chaos. Nations elect government leaders with collective participation to establish stability, prosperity, comfort, justice, security, distribution of resources, transparency, progress, democracy and stable human dignity; Otherwise, cooperation, participation, trust, legitimacy, initiative and creativity will decrease and cost, multipolarity and corruption will increase in the society. Can leaders earn trust? In a word, yes! With the hypothesis that bilateral cooperation and legitimacy should increase. The solution in honesty is to keep promises and be accountable; So that social trust and the relationship between the government and the nation return to the society. Citizens' trust in government and institutions is dynamic, changeable and cause and effect. The governments of the Middle East, such as Iran, are regulated in the framework of command and obedience, and demand and demand have no place in it. Therefore, the formation of a modern government is in an aura of uncertainty. Manuscript profile

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455 - Oil Dollars and the Deal of the Century
Mahnaz Sadat Elhami Mohammadreza Dehshiri Mohammadreza Ghaedi

Trump's era also included Palestine as it witnessed a change in methods and approaches in all regional, economic, political, international and military relations. And it brought about a fundamental change in the approach of the American government's plan for Palestine. More

Trump's era also included Palestine as it witnessed a change in methods and approaches in all regional, economic, political, international and military relations. And it brought about a fundamental change in the approach of the American government's plan for Palestine. In the plan that the "Trump" administration presented under the title "Deal of the Century", the basis for solving the Palestinian issue is not the "two-state" plan, but the formation of a "Jewish national homeland" in Palestine. Contrary to the "Middle East Peace Process" which was followed by the Arab countries along with the United States and the European Union, and in which the solution of the Palestinian issue and the formation of an independent Palestinian state based on the borders of 1967 was supposed to be the condition and prelude to the normalization of relations between the Arab countries and the Zionist regime. Trump announced in the "Deal of the Century" that the normalization of Arab countries' relations with the Zionist regime is a prelude to solving the Palestinian issue. In this research, in search of an answer to the question, what was the basis of America's foreign policy in the Middle East during the presidency of Donald Trump, especially regarding the deal of the century? And what was the role of oil dollars in this regard? We reached this conclusion by using the descriptive-analytical method and by using Michael Brecher's chaos theory and crisis theory; that the American foreign policy in the Middle East during the presidency of Donald Trump, especially regarding the deal of the century, has been based on a unilateral settlement approach and on the basis of protecting Israel's interests. And moving the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and establishing relations between Israel and the Arabs have been among its achievements. In this regard, Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE provided economic support to this plan using their oil dollars. Manuscript profile

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456 - Globalization Discourse, Justice, and Development Programs in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hassan Abniki , Mohammad Javad Mousanejad

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457 - Pathology of the Islamic Councils in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Behnaz Azhdari

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458 - The Role of Government in Economic Development; A Comparative Study between Iran and Malaysia During (1981-2003)
Mahmoud Baharloo Majid Abbasi Ali Adami

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459 - The Relationship between Religion and Government in Neo- Mu'tazilite Thoughts with an Emphasis on the Thoughts of Mohammed Arkoun
Abasalat Abbasi جلال درخشه Hossein Ali Nozari

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460 - Analysis of Ahmadinejad Government's Foreign Policy According to the Critical Theory of International Relations
Mohammad Ali Tavana Tooraj Rahmani Hamed Eslami

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461 - The Concept of “Political Legitimacy” in Shia Political Thought (With Focus on Imam Khomeini’s Political Thought)
Azam Boroughani

o

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462 - State and Civil Society in the Political Thought of John Locke and Karl Marx
Shohreh Shahryari Reza Shirzadi HosseinAli Nowzari

The position and relationship between the government and the civil society has always occupied the minds of political thinkers, especially in the modern period. In general, governments assume different roles depending on the application of different approaches. From the More

The position and relationship between the government and the civil society has always occupied the minds of political thinkers, especially in the modern period. In general, governments assume different roles depending on the application of different approaches. From the point of view of the relationship and the type of influence of the government on the society, there have always been two competing views, which are rooted in the thoughts of two prominent political philosophers: John Locke and Karl Marx. In John Locke's view, the government is a mediating entity, limited and conditional, based on the principle of consent and with the aim of creating peace and public welfare based on the social contract and the right of public rebellion in times of inefficiency and disobedience to the law, and ultimately independent of civil society. And in the view of Karl Marx, the concept of government is based on three different opinions. The government as a means of suppressing the working class, the government as an arbiter or mediator, and finally the government as a function of the changing economic infrastructure, and ultimately relying on classes of society.   Manuscript profile

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463 - Analysis of NGOs Advisory Status in International Environmental Law
Mahmood Golestani

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464 - An Assessment of COVID 19 Response by Nigerian Government
Bashir Abdullahi

This study examined the Covid 19 Response by Nigerian Government. Covid 19 pandemic spread to every nook and cranny of the globe and disturbed every country. The study relied on the secondary data while content analysis was employed in analyzing the gathered data. Publi More

This study examined the Covid 19 Response by Nigerian Government. Covid 19 pandemic spread to every nook and cranny of the globe and disturbed every country. The study relied on the secondary data while content analysis was employed in analyzing the gathered data. Public Policy was used as a framework of analysis in this study. The study discovered that Nigerian Government spare no time in formulating several policies in an attempt to stem the spread of Covid 19 virus. The measures included contact tracing, imposition of curfews, interstate travel ban among others. It was recommended that apart from reposition the health care sector through providing nieces instrument and facilities, government ensure proper check up at the country’s entry point so as to detect anyone with the virus before coming into the country. Citizens on there should be compliant to Covid 19 safety measures. Manuscript profile

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465 - The Use of Gender Justice Paradigm in the Islamic Republic of Iran (1997-2005) from the Institutional Theory
Alieh Taheri Ravyzi Tahereh Ebrahimifar Seyed Abdolamir Nabavi Zohreh Balazadeh

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466 - A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Religion and Government in the Political Thought of Imam Khomeini and Contemporary Thinkers
Nader Zahedinia Alireza Golshani Khalil Bahrami Qaserchami

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467 - The Role of Government in Economic Development A case study of Iran during (2005-2012)
Hamid Saeedi Javadi Mostafa Esmaeilpour Zarmehri

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468 - The Position and Role of the Government in Development from the Perspective of Hossein Azimi, Fariborz Reiis Dana and Masoud Nili
OstadRostam Rostami Reza Shirzadi HosseinAli Nowzari

  One of the most important issues in the economy is the role of government in the process of economic growth and development. Production is a complex and social activity that requires all its contexts and resources to achieve proper production for society. Theref More

  One of the most important issues in the economy is the role of government in the process of economic growth and development. Production is a complex and social activity that requires all its contexts and resources to achieve proper production for society. Therefore, the issue of importance is the manner and quality of government intervention in matters related to the economy and the welfare of the people, not the extent of this intervention. In Iran, there is always disagreement among thinkers on which institution is responsible for development. For some, the government has a duty to take the lead in development and move it forward, but for others, the government is not a good institution to promote development. These groups play a minimal role for the government. This study, by comprehensively examining these two different approaches, examines the views and ideas of three prominent scientists and experts in the field of political economy and focuses on the role of government in development. Azimi introduced development in a more general way and believed that complete development is not possible without the development of all structures. According to him, in the developed world, structural guidance (structuring in the presence of technical dominance) is unnecessary and short-term guidance is necessary. The importance of the government in the development process is so great in the idea that the main and most important institution of development is the "government based on democracy"; And he puts the judiciary and the media in the next ranks. Reiis Dana considers the state to be class in nature and does not examine the state separately from the global relations of capitalism. This lack of attention has always caused development in a fragmented, unbalanced and unsuccessful country. According to Reiis Dana, development in Iran is due to the development of capitalism, because capitalist development in the world is growing unevenly. Nili believes that government intervention in development, in addition to inefficiency, deprives people of their freedoms. Therefore, Nili looks at the issue from another angle and defends government restrictions on the economy and development by prioritizing freedom over social justice. Manuscript profile

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469 - The Role of Good Governance in the Efficient Functioning of the Government Fighting Economic Corruption in the Islamic Republic of Iran
مصطفی شاه علی رامشه احمد بخشایش اردستانی Mohammad Tohidfam مسعود مطلبی

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470 - Investigating the relationship between governance indicators and shadow economy in Iran
Mahdi Mansouri Bidkani عباس علی ابونوری Ahmad Tavakoli Marjan Daman keshideh

The shadow economy (SE) is a pathological normalcy, not only in developing countries but also in developed ones, causing disagreeable distortions in the real economy. The causes of the shadow economy can be traced back to actors who operate outside the formal sector to More

The shadow economy (SE) is a pathological normalcy, not only in developing countries but also in developed ones, causing disagreeable distortions in the real economy. The causes of the shadow economy can be traced back to actors who operate outside the formal sector to reap the benefits. The way these actors work can both affect the quality of governance and affect it. The right to comment and accountability, political stability and non-violence, government efficiency, the quality of governance laws, the rule of law and the control of corruption are indicators of governance evaluation in this regard. Therefore, in this study, using Hishao causality method, the causal relationship between these indicators with the shadow economy in Iran during the years 1995 to 2017 has been investigated. Findings show that government efficiency, rule of law and control of corruption have a two-way relationship with the shadow economy and the indicators of the right to comment and accountability, political stability and non-violence and the quality of governance laws have a one-way relationship with it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

471 - Strategies and strategies for promoting spirituality and ethics in the realization of the advanced Islamic system
zeynab shahmoradian

What is followed in this article is to express the strategies for promoting spirituality and morality in the realization of the advanced Islamic system. The order of life of human societies depends on the existence of government and sovereignty is a set of laws that exi More

What is followed in this article is to express the strategies for promoting spirituality and morality in the realization of the advanced Islamic system. The order of life of human societies depends on the existence of government and sovereignty is a set of laws that existed and was accepted in society. In fulfilling their mission, the divine prophets sought to form a government to have the most basic program of "monotheism and the administration of justice" among the people, to develop "morality and spirituality" among human societies, and to provide the means to attain perfection and happiness. There are many ways to achieve morality and strengthen the spirituality of Islamic government in Muslim societies, and in this opportunity, a few cases will be addressed in this regard. In this regard, the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balaghah and a book of elders have been used. He has called for the observance of justice and adornment with good morals, and this in itself can be a good model for the rulers in the Islamic system and can grow and exalt the Islamic society. On the other hand, the religious leaders of Islam as true explainers of the verses of truth They pays. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

472 - Presenting the model of sustainable development in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with the approach of the Iranian Islamic model of progress
jafar Alizadeh Mohammadreza Bagherzadeh yousef gholipour kanani asadollah mehrara

The purpose of the current research is to identify the components of the sustainable development model in non-governmental organizations with the approach of the Iranian Islamic model of progress. In terms of the type of data, this research is a mixed type of research ( More

The purpose of the current research is to identify the components of the sustainable development model in non-governmental organizations with the approach of the Iranian Islamic model of progress. In terms of the type of data, this research is a mixed type of research (qualitative-quantitative) in which thematic analysis was used in the qualitative phase and survey method was used in the quantitative phase. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes experts and managers of non-governmental organizations cooperating with the relief committee. 30 of them were selected as samples. And in the quantitative part, the population of research statistics includes all managers of non-governmental organizations under the supervision of the aid committee, whose number is 258 and the sample size was determined to be 155 according to Cochran's formula. The method of collecting information is interview and questionnaire, the opinions of experts and Cronbach's alpha were used to check the validity and reliability. Results: The dimensions and components of the sustainable development model in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with the approach of the Iranian Islamic model include 6 dimensions: justice, respect It is transnational, infrastructure, culture, health, native-Islamic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

473 - Requirements of Islamic governance in cyberspace The second step of the Islamic Revolution
mohsen abedi dorcheh

Islamic governance Cyberspace is a style of governance in which rulers organize and manage the public affairs of society by considering Islamic principles. The cyberspace revolution that took place after the agricultural, industrial, and information revolutions, which a More

Islamic governance Cyberspace is a style of governance in which rulers organize and manage the public affairs of society by considering Islamic principles. The cyberspace revolution that took place after the agricultural, industrial, and information revolutions, which affected governments, is the main reason for addressing this issue in governance. In the meantime, the rulers have important functions such as e-government and cyberspace security to manage the public affairs of the society and cyberspace. In this regard, the system of centralizing administrative affairs and services is one of the most important tasks of rulers. Its requirements are needs assessment, system design, bedding, operation and monitoring. In the field of monitoring and governing cyberspace, search and monitoring, correct and logical monitoring of information, proper and accurate design, content production, distribution of content in cyberspace and feedback is inevitable. In today's world and in the transition from various types of Western governments such as good government, transcendent Islamic government with religious components that meet the needs of human beings in the last days. In the second step of the Islamic Revolution, this method of governing has the capacity and capability of civilization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

474 - Lean government, a new strategy in governance, a Review study
Fazel saydi Sedighe Tootian Esfahani Morteza mousakhani Shahrazad tayaran

The purpose of the current research is to explain and analyze the lean government, a new strategy in governance. Pure government, as a new structure, is attractive and growing. One of the main reasons can be mentioned the positive reports of the results and their use in More

The purpose of the current research is to explain and analyze the lean government, a new strategy in governance. Pure government, as a new structure, is attractive and growing. One of the main reasons can be mentioned the positive reports of the results and their use in previous researches. Researchers have been trying to explore its hidden and dark aspects in recent years. The theoretical and practical importance and necessity of using the lean government is in the positive consequences that are formed in the process of development and transformation in the executive processes, operations and actions of the government. From this point of view, factors such as providing smart solutions, promoting more efficient and minimal consumption of resources, re-engineering tasks with the aim of reducing unnecessary tasks, are important consequences of the lean government's approach to governance. The analysis method of the present research is descriptive. The reviewed studies are the authentic articles of the pure government over the last 20 years. The results show that the analysis of the theoretical foundations of the pure government field indicates the existence of various aspects of the pure government and its effective role in governance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

475 - Identifying the dimensions and components of resilience from the perspective of managers of governmental organizations in Kermanshah province
mokhtar hedari Gholamali tabarsa Gholamali tabarsa

The term resilience in order to strengthen organizations has attracted the attention of many researchers. Organizational resilience to crises has been one of the most important theoretical and practical concepts in the management and organizational literature in recent More

The term resilience in order to strengthen organizations has attracted the attention of many researchers. Organizational resilience to crises has been one of the most important theoretical and practical concepts in the management and organizational literature in recent years. Today, despite the importance of resilience and its widespread use in various fields related to organizational resilience, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding in its evaluation and measurement. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of organizational resilience. The research method is qualitative-quantitative. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study includes government managers who have at least 10 years of experience. In order to sample in the qualitative part of the theoretical saturation method and in the quantitative part based on the number of extracted components, the number of samples was determined. The results indicate that resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province includes components; Values are planning, organizing, coordinating, learning, agility and cost control. In the quantitative part, the results of structural equations showed that the dimensions and components of resilience in organizational government organizations have a good fit. Manuscript profile

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476 - Designing a model of entrepreneurial enthusiasm of managers of government organizations (case study: Isfahan province)
Mahnaz Ghasemi Hosseinabadi Morteza mousakhani Majid Ramadan

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477 - Examining Enterprise Architecture Researches in Iran: A systematic Review
Simin Momenzadeh Atefeh Zarei Seyed Ali Akbar Famil Rouhany

Objective: This paper conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses of research on Enterorise Architecture published in Iranian Database over the last twenty years.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out. 669 papers were retrieved by a manual More

Objective: This paper conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses of research on Enterorise Architecture published in Iranian Database over the last twenty years.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out. 669 papers were retrieved by a manual search in 4 databases and 70 primary studies were finally included.For Quantitative Analysis, the Researches Were Examined in terms of Frequency Distribution, Year of Publication, Type of Organization, Research methods, and Research themes in the Internal Database.Results: For Qualitative Analysis, the Target Studies were Grouped into 7 Levels: Policies, actors and structures; Architecture frameworks and Methodologies; Architecture principles and standards; Implementations; Governance; Feasibility and Multi-themes. The findings Show that most studies on Enterprise Architecture in Iran focus on Architecture Frameworks and methodologies and Governance of Enterprise Architecture, Compared to Other Levels.Conclusion:This Review Provides Significant Scientific Basics for Organizations that are Looking for Appropriate Methods and Tools for Management and Supervision in the Field of Enterprise Architecture, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time. Manuscript profile

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478 - Identifying the Dimensions and Components of Organizational Inactivity in Government Organizations with Fuzzy Delphi Technique
Mahdi Khodaparast Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh

The present study aims to identify the dimensions and components of organizational inactivity in government organizations in Gilan province. The research method is applied according to its purpose. Also, based on the research design and in terms of data collection, the More

The present study aims to identify the dimensions and components of organizational inactivity in government organizations in Gilan province. The research method is applied according to its purpose. Also, based on the research design and in terms of data collection, the present study is a descriptive (non-experimental) research and two methods of documentary study and fuzzy Delphi study have been used to collect information. The statistical population of this study includes 10 experts, pundits and academic experts (university professors in the field of management) who were purposefully sampled and their opinions were extracted and refined using fuzzy Delphi method. An analysis performed by fuzzy Delphi method to determine the dimensions and components of organizational inactivity in government organizations, and a total of 3 dimensions, 12 components and 84 indicators for organizational inactivity in government organizations have been identified and confirmed. Individual dimension consisting of two components, group dimension consisting of two components, organizational dimension consisting of three components, environmental dimension consisting of two components, human and educational dimension consisting of two components have been identified. Cheerfulness in government organizations plays an important role in promoting productivity and increasing employee motivation. Therefore, in order to create a lively atmosphere in government organizations, comprehensive measures must be taken to achieve better and faster organizational goals. Undoubtedly, the existence of happiness and vitality in organizations has many positive consequences. Manuscript profile

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479 - Identify and determine the appropriate pattern of central justice in recruitment and employment Manpower in government organizations
Mohammad Kazemzadeh Hochghan Reza NajafBeigi Naser Mirsepasi Karamollah Daneshfard

 Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting justice in the process of attracting and hiring human resources in Iranian government organizations.Methodology: The research method is mixed (quantitative content analysis method - quantita More

 Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting justice in the process of attracting and hiring human resources in Iranian government organizations.Methodology: The research method is mixed (quantitative content analysis method - quantitative method)Results: Factors affecting justice in the recruitment and employment of human resources were divided into two general categories of external and internal factors. 4 cultural, economic, social and political dimensions were identified as external factors and 3 dimensions (management of ethics, values and culture), individual and internal as internal factors and a total of 2 factors, 7 dimensions and 48 indicators were identified in the 3 mentioned processes.To assess the impact and prioritization of the components, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 214 managers and senior human resources experts of government organizations. Data were analyzed using binomial test and Friedman test.Discussion: Political, social, cultural and economic factors have an effect on attracting justice-oriented, respectively. Also, individual factors have the most impact and the factors of managing ethics and values and organizational culture as well as internal organization, in terms of effectiveness in attracting justice-oriented, are in a group and after individual factors. Manuscript profile

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480 - Limitation or Extension of Competition Law from the Point of the View of Imamiah Jurisprudence (Case Study of Lazarar, Yad, Taslit, Jurisprudential Rulest and the institution of Hesbah)
Adel Ebrahimpoor Asanjan alireza naseri

Competition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or More

Competition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or noncompliance of Islamic rules with competition Acts and regulations is at great importance, since its sequences on country economy has determinative role. Some of Islamic rule such as “la zrar” seems to be in compliance with competition and others such as “yad” doesn’t have this feature. The other issue should be mentioned in this article is scope of government interference in economy and its analysis according to Islamic rules and jurisprudence based on pros and cons opinions through descriptive-analytical method. It is concluded that the concepts and issues related to competition rights can be seen in the original Islamic resource more frequently than within the framework of laws and regulations of Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile

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481 - Spatial Analysis of the Effect of Inflation and Unemployment on Poverty in the Iran’s Provinces
Shiva Alizadeh Hossein Eyvazloo Masoomeh Motallebi

Poverty is one of the most important obstacles to economic development and thecause of many economic problems in all countries. Therefore, recognizing the mainfactors affecting poverty is very important for the policymakers in the field of righteconomic policy. Therefor More

Poverty is one of the most important obstacles to economic development and thecause of many economic problems in all countries. Therefore, recognizing the mainfactors affecting poverty is very important for the policymakers in the field of righteconomic policy. Therefore, this study examines the effect of inflation andunemployment along with the two variables of government healthcare expendituresin GDP and population growth on the Gini coefficient, as an indicator of poverty inthe provinces of Iran, during the period 2006-2018 using spatial econometricapproach to investigate the provincial spillover effects. The results showed thatinefficient healthcare expenditures, which along with population growth are themost important factors influencing the deterioration of income distribution withoutincreasing human capital and unemployment rate, has been increasing due to theyoung population of Iran and its increase in the labor market in different years andinflation, which has risen sharply in recent years due to rising sanctions, has madepeople poorer. These are factors that have worsened income distribution andincreased poverty in the provinces of Iran. Also, the spatial proximity between theprovinces worsens the income distribution. Therefore, policies to reduce poverty,improve welfare and improve income distribution in all provinces need to beadopted in a balanced way in order to improve income distribution. Manuscript profile

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482 - The impact of electronic auditing on the financial health in the government and government-related devices in Iran
Mahmood Hematfar Hafez Azadbakht Farid Sefati

Investigations carried out about administrative corruption at the world level show that this phenomenon is becoming more complex day by day, and this has made the most of the importance of adopting comprehensive solutions for a business unit from its professional requir More

Investigations carried out about administrative corruption at the world level show that this phenomenon is becoming more complex day by day, and this has made the most of the importance of adopting comprehensive solutions for a business unit from its professional requirements. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of electronic auditing on financial health in government and government-affiliated institutions of Iran. This research is a hybrid type of research and the research design is mixed exploratory. The statistical community of this research includes two parts. In the qualitative part of the research, it is in the opinion of experts and specialists who have experience in government and government-affiliated institutions in Lorestan province, Kohdasht city. In the qualitative part, saturation sampling is used. In the quantitative part, it was used to fit the model based on the criteria extracted from the qualitative part, according to the managers and employees of government and government-affiliated institutions in Lorestan province, Kohdasht city, to select the sample using random sampling available due to limited Being a research community, we do not have sampling. The tools of data collection in the qualitative part were semi-structured questionnaires and field interviews. In order to analyze the data, in the qualitative part, the Grand Theory method was used, and in the quantitative part, Pls software was used. The results of the open coding of the qualitative data collected using the interview tool show that 62 primary codes have been identified among 171 concepts. ... Manuscript profile

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483 - Effect of Public Investment on Private Investment
zahra momeni mohammad khezri

Abstract Investment is an important component accessory to production in the economy of every country. Hence, investment is one of the fundamental necessity for improving economically in every country. Because in developing country governmental investment is generally More

Abstract Investment is an important component accessory to production in the economy of every country. Hence, investment is one of the fundamental necessity for improving economically in every country. Because in developing country governmental investment is generally numerate as political implement, there is a belief between diplomats and economists of these countries that governmental investment is  an effective stimulant for the investment of private sector and as a result it is a powerful implement for growth political and economic consistence, but it should be considered that governmental investment reduces from private sector’s resources for investment, moreover ,it also leads to decreasing of private sector’s investment in case that it is used for production of goods that compete with private sector’s production. In the other word crowding in happens. This article has been done in order to survey the relation between governmental investment and private investment and the VECM method in econometrics has been used. Manuscript profile

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484 - Islamic government and democracy
erfan khoshbakht Younes Vahed Yarijan Sayyid Husayn Sadjadi

There are two fundamental issues regarding with Islamic government. Different and varied answers have been given to these two issues. So that the type of provided respond can lead to legitimacy and illegitimacy. So that some believe in boycotting the establishment of th More

There are two fundamental issues regarding with Islamic government. Different and varied answers have been given to these two issues. So that the type of provided respond can lead to legitimacy and illegitimacy. So that some believe in boycotting the establishment of the government during the absence , and in contrast, some believe in the continuation of divine social orders and the necessity of establishing it. Accordingly, each of them offers a specific structure of political power throughout the history of Islam. But in real Islam, which is reflected in the rule of the prophets and their true successors, the approach of the people is colorful in the heart of the government. Therefore, the system and method of government, as a result of which the answers have been given, is more focused on the main role of the people in the government and the granting of political power to them. In Islam, this principle in Islam expresses and supports the method of governing. So that it chooses religious democracy as the main possible mechanism to achieve this goal establishment of government and its sustainability. Manuscript profile

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485 - The affairs of the jurist and the guardianship of the jurist in the eyes of Sheikh Ja'far Kashif al-Ghatta
Muhammad Ma'refat

Political thought has always been in the field of Islamic government jurisprudence and Islamic jurists, including Kashif al-Ghatta, have dealt with it in various sections of jurisprudence. In addition to his scientific status and social status, the era of Kashif al-Ghat More

Political thought has always been in the field of Islamic government jurisprudence and Islamic jurists, including Kashif al-Ghatta, have dealt with it in various sections of jurisprudence. In addition to his scientific status and social status, the era of Kashif al-Ghatta has been influential in the formation and influence of his political thought. Among the powers and duties of the jurist in the age of absence from the point of view of Kashif al-Ghatta, is to take charge of jihad, establish and implement limits, the position of fall, the appointment of a judge and Shaykh al-Islam, and the guardianship of khums and zakat. On the basis of these matters, in the field of domestic policy to ward off the danger of the Akhbaris, and in the field of foreign policy, he ordered jihad and the permission to form the IRGC to Fath Ali Shah Qajar and made him his deputy. According to the principle of non-guardianship, he believes that creatures are equal in worship and no one has true dominion except God; Therefore, commands and prohibitions should be issued only by God or someone appointed by Him. His theoretical foundations in the book Kashf al-Ghatta 'and his practical life in the implementation of the social laws of Islam, indicate the acceptance of the general guardianship of the jurisprudent for the general deputy of the Imam, ie the comprehensive Mujtahid. This work, in addition to examining some historical currents and the practical life of Kashif al-Ghatta, is based on the description and analysis of his political views, using his written works. Manuscript profile

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486 - The rule of "expulsion with guarantee" and the civil liability of the government, according to the views of Imam Khomeini
Fariba Qanbarian Zadeh Mahabadi Sayyed Muhammad Musawi Bujnurdi

The rule of expulsion with guarantee is one of the prophetic rules; The meaning of this noble hadith which is narrated from the Holy Prophet (PBUH); It means that: benefits are against guarantee. Whoever becomes the guarantor and responsible for something will benefit f More

The rule of expulsion with guarantee is one of the prophetic rules; The meaning of this noble hadith which is narrated from the Holy Prophet (PBUH); It means that: benefits are against guarantee. Whoever becomes the guarantor and responsible for something will benefit from it and benefit from it. In the works of the great jurists, this rule is limited to guaranteeing the interests of the Mostafa and the transaction sector. However, according to the different views of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnourd, this rule is one of the rulings of the government and Soltanieh and can be one of the specific principles of government civil liability. In this sense, the tax that the government collects from the people in the form of khums, zakat, etc., in return, has obligations to regulate public affairs. The purpose of this study is to first present the jurisprudential and legal concept of the expulsion rule with guarantee and then to examine the application of this rule according to the views of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnourd in relation to government civil liability. Manuscript profile

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487 - The study of religious prudence and legalbasies of Baghy
Sayyid Muhammad Musawi Bujnurdi Ensiyah Asim Nakhjawani

Material element of political offenses is that it doesn't include bad intention but includes misunderstanding. Baghy means injustice, in Islam Sharia can be counted as a political crime and material element of public crime is bad intention while the however in political More

Material element of political offenses is that it doesn't include bad intention but includes misunderstanding. Baghy means injustice, in Islam Sharia can be counted as a political crime and material element of public crime is bad intention while the however in political crime the material element is not bad intention, it is misunderstanding and the doer thinks that he/she is serving the community but it is just a misunderstanding. Shia grate jurists usually call Baghi the one who has exit commands of justice Emam of the time. But we expand this interpretation, and in addition we say that the one who exit Islamic government commands (including mentioned conditions) doesn't include material element which is bad intention but it includes misunderstanding. Punishment for Baghy: Some people believe it is amongst Hodoud punishments and some other opposes this belief. According to what Islam and social justice believes, government should treat the benignantly, led him/her and guide him to understand his/her mistakes. As it has been mentioned he/her doesn't have bad intention he/she has just misunderstanding. Manuscript profile

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488 - Analysis of jurisprudential principles of criminal responsibility of governments
mahmood mohamadi jorjafaki Ruhollah afzali goroh majid khazaei

10.30495/alr.2022.1953046.2298

Background and Aim: In Islamic jurisprudence, there is no explanation about the criminal responsibility of the government as a legal entity, and only in the works of some great jurists, there are discussions about proving the legal personality of institutions such as wa More

Background and Aim: In Islamic jurisprudence, there is no explanation about the criminal responsibility of the government as a legal entity, and only in the works of some great jurists, there are discussions about proving the legal personality of institutions such as waqf, treasury and government; However, using the logic of inference, solid reasons can be provided for this issue with strong jurisprudential support. In this article, the authors seek to answer the question of what jurisprudential basis is the attribution of criminal responsibility to governments?Method: The present study has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method with library study.Findings and Results: The authors, while typologizing government crimes and expressing the acceptance of the legal personality of the government in Islamic jurisprudence and also accepting the ability to assign criminal responsibility to governments, to general jurisprudential principles such as the book and tradition and specific jurisprudential principles including the rule of ta'zir The Deputy Prime Minister, the rule of expediency, the rule of invalidity, the responsibility for the conduct of another person, the rule of maintaining order, criminal justice and finally the morals have been discussed and the research results confirm that the criminal responsibility of governments - They have been legislated after 1392 - from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, it also has validity and legitimacy. Manuscript profile

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489 - Evolution of States' obligations in protecting biodiversity in international open waters
Pegah Nik Far Lialestani Hasan Savari Mohammed Hussain ramezani Ali Mashhadhi

10.30495/alr.2022.1928333.2065

Field and Aims: Biodiversity is one of the main elements of environmental care and the source of human life on the planet and includes plants and animals that live and interact in water, land and air. As technological advances provide more opportunities to exploit the n More

Field and Aims: Biodiversity is one of the main elements of environmental care and the source of human life on the planet and includes plants and animals that live and interact in water, land and air. As technological advances provide more opportunities to exploit the natural resources of the oceans, so do threats to biodiversity. Due to the importance of marine biodiversity in areas outside the national jurisdiction and the increasing use of its resources, the international community's concern for the protection of biodiversity in these areas has increased. Gaps in the legal system of maritime areas outside national jurisdiction double the need for effective action to protect the marine environment in these areas.Method: This research has been conducted in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information by documentary method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner.Findings and Conclusions: In order to protect this marine environment, there is a need for the adoption of rules and regulations at the international level, which should be respected by the subjects of international law, because despite the multilateral agreements, conventions and agreements, there is still a binding mechanism. Regarding the protection of the environment, there are no high seas, therefore, given the current commitments of governments in the field of biodiversity protection in the high seas, the need for the adoption of a binding document is felt more than ever. Manuscript profile

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490 - Limited Activists, unlimited activities; (Investigating the role and performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Confrontation with the global crisis of the Corona virus)
soheila yousefi hassan soleimani

10.30495/alr.2023.1972388.2482

Field and Aims: international non-governmental organizations are among the active actors in various fields of international law in all world scenes, which have played useful and effective roles so far. During the outbreak of Covid-19, these organizations, relying on the More

Field and Aims: international non-governmental organizations are among the active actors in various fields of international law in all world scenes, which have played useful and effective roles so far. During the outbreak of Covid-19, these organizations, relying on the international principle of cooperation among the members of the world community, despite having a guarantee of implementation and a binding institution, have important effects and many functions in the social, cultural, health, economic and even political fields. They have faced this epidemic and in convergence with other international actors. Examining the dimensions, functioning and influence of these international activists is a subject that has been analyzed in this research and is one of the goals of this research.Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Despite the lack of recognition and valuing of the role of international non-governmental organizations, these limited activists of the international arena have done unlimited activities to help solve global problems, including this epidemic, and it will not be exaggerated. If we consider its results to be praiseworthy. By entering the health, cultural, social and economic fields and influencing the procedures of governments and international organizations and reforming them in different ways, in the fields of preventing and controlling the epidemic of Covid-19 and reducing its harmful effects even in the post-corona period From identifying problems to consensus and exchanging opinions and implementing agreed plans, they are trying to save the world from this devastating disaster and somehow prove the benefits of their existence and presence and show off their abilities to the world community. Manuscript profile

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491 - Investigating the role of Iranian and Non Iranian queens in the ruling structure based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
esmail Khirabadi sepide sepehri Seyedeh Mandana Hashemi Isfahan

 The most important central element in the entire Shahnameh is the character of the king, which is derived from the two origins of history and mythology. The elements that were effective in the formation of the kings' rule in the Shahnameh are: Divine Farr, Royal F More

 The most important central element in the entire Shahnameh is the character of the king, which is derived from the two origins of history and mythology. The elements that were effective in the formation of the kings' rule in the Shahnameh are: Divine Farr, Royal Farr (inheritance), wealth and politics, power and having support and social base. Among the fifty-four kings in the Shahnameh, three were women and the rest were men. Shahnameh’s women play a key role in the government because they carry the blood of the kingdom through heredity and play a significant role in the affairs of the country (governance) and army. Sometimes they appear as the king's mother and wife, and sometimes as queens and empresses. This essay has analyzed the rule and foundations of Iranian and Non Iranian queens with analytical-descriptive method and compared the worldliness of male kings with queens. The findings of the research show that three Iranian queens (Homai Chehrazad, Puran Dokht and Azram Dokht) came to power through Royal Farr and the legitimacy of their government was based on fear and terror, except for Homa who was based on vigilance and negative power and two Non Iranian queens (Qidafa and Mother Talchand and Gov) were women with tact and wisdom who sat on the throne with royal and epic Iranian characteristics. Manuscript profile

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492 - The migration of Iranian Shiites to the Deccan Peninsula and the spread of the Persian language
roghaye babayi hasan sara Seyyed Mahmood seed alireza vaseyi

The land of Deccan in South India has attracted attention of many Muslims since the first centuries of the rise and spread of Islam, and groups of Muslim merchants and Sufis entered this region for the purpose of trade and also to propagate Islam. The migration of these More

The land of Deccan in South India has attracted attention of many Muslims since the first centuries of the rise and spread of Islam, and groups of Muslim merchants and Sufis entered this region for the purpose of trade and also to propagate Islam. The migration of these people had many consequences in social, economic, political, cultural and religious fields in Deccan. But it took a long time like several centuries for Deccan to be conquered by Muslims. From the end of the fourth century, at the same time as conquests of the Ghaznavids in India, not only Islam; Rather, Persian culture, art, architecture and language became popular in that land. This research aims to answer question of causes and factors of Iranian Shia migration to the Deccan region by using historical research methods that are based on description and analysis. And what has been the expansion of the Persian language? The findings of the present research show that roots of Shia religion, which were established during Bahmani era, continued after their extinction and during time of their successors, namely Qutb Shahian, Nizam Shahian and Adel Shahian, they also introduced the Shia religion to announced the official religion of their government. Their support for Shiite immigrants who migrated from Iran and Arab lands to the Deccan led to the spread of the Shiite religion, spread of Iranian-Islamic culture and civilization in the Deccan. One of the most important results of the presence and role of Shia immigrants in the politics of Deccan was their social and cultural influence. As cultural missionaries, by establishing educational institutions and using the presence of scholars, they created a suitable atmosphere for literary support. They wrote, brought the Persian language to its peak and marked the growth and prosperity of the Iranian-Islamic culture, in addition to being the official and administrative language, the common people also used Persian in their daily conversations. And it was considered a sign of honor. Also, this language was the favorite of Muslim sultans and their friendship and politeness turned their court into a gathering place for scholars and writers. Manuscript profile

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493 - بررسی آثار اندازه دولت بر رشد اقتصادی در ایران
اکبر کمیجانی هادی حق شناس

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Open Access Article

494 - Asymmetrical Oil Price Shocks Effects on the Private Consumption and Government expenditure in Iran
Abolfazl Ghiasvand Masoud Yahoo

This paper aims to investigate whether an asymmetrical relationship between oil price oscillations and government and private consumption has existed in the past in case of Iranian economy. The data used for this purpose covers the time span of 0231-0231 corresponding More

This paper aims to investigate whether an asymmetrical relationship between oil price oscillations and government and private consumption has existed in the past in case of Iranian economy. The data used for this purpose covers the time span of 0231-0231 corresponding to 0790-1110. Towards this end three analytical techniques have been use to investigate this hypothesis. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was used to estimates the parameters coefficients. The result has indicated that coefficients of parameters pertaining to government consumption model have higher value than that of private consumption model, indicating that government consumption is far strongly affected by changes in oil prices. It has been further identified that the establishment of Oil Stabilization Fund in year 1111, did not have any significant bearing on the government and private consumption in the wake of changes in oil prices.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

495 - Government Spending and the Transmission Channels of Their Effects on Macroeconomic Variables: A DSGE Approach
انوشیروان تقی پور هما اصفهانیان

Abstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, More

Abstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, the effect of government spending depends on how the spending is financed. Oil in the Iranian economy plays a significant role, so that more than 45% of the budget is directly financed by oil revenue. Therefore, oil plays a major role in macroeconomic variables fluctuations. The aim of this paper is that while explaining the business cycle behavior of the oil income, its relation with some relevant macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, investment, growth, inflation and money is examined as well. To end this, we use a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to explain the transmission channels of oil revenues effect on macroeconomic variables through the government budget, public capital stock and monetary base channels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

496 - The Role of Business Cycles in Determining Fiscal Policy Multiplier (with Emphasis on Direct and Indirect Taxes): A Case Study of the Iranian Economy
Yousef Moradi Kiumars Shahbazi Soleiman Feizi Ganje

10.30495/fed.2023.702187

Abstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Meth More

Abstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Methods Are Used to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier. 1) Vector Auto-Regression Models Based On Blanchard and Perotti Method 2002, 2- Regression Based Method Introduced by Hall 2009 And 3- Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models. In The Present Study, Is Used the Second Method and Markov Switching Model, Which Is Based On Regression Specification, To Calculate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. Therefore, By Specifying Five Different Models, Such That In Model Number 1, Direct Taxes, In Model Number 2, Indirect Taxes, In Model Number 3, Government Expenditures, In Model Number 4, Government Expenditures and Direct Taxes and In Model 5 Government Expenditures and Indirect Taxes  Are Considered As Fiscal Policy Tools. The Results Showed That Direct Taxes Perform Better in Effect of Economic Growth Than Indirect Taxes. Also, Among The Three Instruments of Government Spending and Direct and Indirect Taxes, The Largest Multiplier in The Recession and Boom Period Is Related to Government Spending and Direct Taxes, Respectively. On The Other Hand, The Government's Fiscal Policy Package, Which Contains Indirect Taxes and Expenditures, Works Better in Influencing Economic Growth Than the Package, Which Contains Direct Taxes and Expenditures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

497 - Investigating factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in the economy Using the optimal control method
Mohsen Zayandeh Roudi Syed Abdul Majeed Jalai Isfandabadi Mehdi Fatemi

10.30495/fed.2023.702188

Abstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase More

Abstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase in government spending has an effect on economic variables and can lead to an increase in the production and supply of public goods and services and affects the well-being of households as well as the desirability of households. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in Iran's economy. The information used is for the period 1360 to 1397. In this study, the dynamic optimal control approach has been used to investigate the factors affecting the growth of government expenditures. The results of the study show that the time preference rate, the coefficient of technical progress, the elasticity of production in relation to the investment of the private and public sectors, the consumption ratio of the sector Private to public, capital stock has had a negative and inverse effect on the optimal growth of government spending in the economy. On the other hand, the ratio of public sector investment to private sector, the elasticity of substitution between time and capital depreciation rate have had a positive effect on the optimal growth rate of government spending in Iran's economy. Also, the sensitivity of the growth rate of government expenditures was estimated for different values of the mentioned variables. The calculation results show that depending on the parameters, the ratio of government expenditures to the previous period varies between 0.91 and 1.024 percent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

498 - Designing and explaining the indigenous model of empowerment in business-oriented non-governmental organizations
Norouz Hajibabaei Ali Akbar Rezae

10.30495/fed.2023.700135

Abstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the More

Abstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the field of commercial and economic activities. The aim of the present study was to provide a local model of empowering non-governmental organizations with emphasis on key business factors. In order to conduct this research, the researcher used a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative).in the qualitative part based on the data method of the research paradigm model including causal conditions (management and macro-organizational factors, social and support factors, marketing and information); contextual conditions (society-oriented areas, business-oriented areas); Intervening conditions (intra-organizational factors, extra-organizational factors, electronic empowerment of employees, electronic platform); and strategies (commercial development of cements, media actions, support, fundamentals); It was identified and classified. In the quantitative part, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the indicators of the obtained categories were tested and the factor loadings of all indicators were estimated, which showed the approval of those indicators and categories. . Also, the researcher, based on the outputs of the qualitative section and the EFA test, designed assumptions (8 hypotheses) and measured the claimed relationships through the structural equation test in the Smart PLS software.In the end, based on path coefficients (beta) and significance coefficients (Z), all the claimed hypotheses were confirmed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

499 - Uncertainty of government expenditure policy and economic activity in Iran
Mohammad Sadiq Jaji Mulla Mirzai Mahmoud Mahmoudzadeh Saleh Qavidel Mehdi Fathabadi

10.30495/fed.2024.709383

Abstract The present study examines the quantitative effects of uncertainty regarding government expenditure policy (current and construction expenditures) on Iran's economic activity. Uncertainty is a situation where future events or their probability of occurrence ar More

Abstract The present study examines the quantitative effects of uncertainty regarding government expenditure policy (current and construction expenditures) on Iran's economic activity. Uncertainty is a situation where future events or their probability of occurrence are not predicted. In the real world, the economy is full of uncertainty of economic factors, which leads to risk and danger in the decision-making space of economic factors and affects their behavior. In this article, we intend to use the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; Uncertainty effects created by the government's current expenditures and construction expenditures and other effective indicators such as; Measure the impact of oil prices and financial crises on economic activities such as production and employment. The data of the study was collected from the Central Bank website and the model was estimated using Eviuse software for the years 1365-1399. The findings showed that an impulse from the oil price area causes a 5% increase in production and a 1% increase in employment, also an impulse from the financial crisis area causes a 3% decrease in production and a 12% decrease in employment, respectively. The impulse from the area of uncertainty of current and construction expenses, causes a decrease in order; 12 percent is produced and 7 and 5 percent is employed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

500 - The U.S. Government Shutdown of 2013: The Role of Tea Party
Zahra Amiri Mazlaghani Fouad Izadi

This paper tries to explore the role of the Tea Party in the U.S. government shutdown in 2013. As a unique phenomenon in the world, only the U.S. government has experienced several shutdowns and the emergence of the Tea Party movement added a new dimension to the politi More

This paper tries to explore the role of the Tea Party in the U.S. government shutdown in 2013. As a unique phenomenon in the world, only the U.S. government has experienced several shutdowns and the emergence of the Tea Party movement added a new dimension to the political narrative of the U.S. domestic politics in 2009. Hence, simultaneous study of both phenomena as two very controversial cases in the American political system is sought in this paper. To do so, both phenomena are needed to be examined through their historical contexts. Therefore, the theory of “historical consciousness” introduced by Theodor Schieder (1978) is applied as the theoretical framework and, “historical analysis” is assumed as the proper methodology for data analysis. By referring to Boston Tea Party as an iconic event in the American history that gave birth to the idea of the Tea Party in the American political mind, this thesis identifies the core principles of the Tea Party as the same throughout the history. Tea Partiers regard big governments as threats to individual’s liberty. Therefore, the notion of limited government is placed at the center of Tea Party ideology. This research investigates the means by which the Tea Party succeeded to mobilize and unify all potentialities to form a resistance force for defunding ObamaCare and succeed to prevent passing every appropriations including provisions for funding ObamaCare in the House of Representatives. Therefore, the lack of needed appropriations for funding the government, finally led to the government shutdown of 2013. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

501 - Principles and Consequences of the Trump Administration's Economic Nationalism Policy
Ali Sabbaghian Masoud Fathipour

With the victory of Donald Trump in January 2017, significant changes took place in the US economy. These changes included the withdrawal of the United States from international agreements, the increase of customs tariffs, and the protection of domestic production. Emph More

With the victory of Donald Trump in January 2017, significant changes took place in the US economy. These changes included the withdrawal of the United States from international agreements, the increase of customs tariffs, and the protection of domestic production. Emphasizing "America First" in his inaugural address, Trump sought new governmental approaches that would free the American economy from long-term problems. For Trump, this was possible by changing macroeconomic approaches. The decision had several reasons and consequences that are the subject of this study. Therefore, the main question of the present study is on what principles was the Trump administration's policy of economic nationalism based and what were the practical consequences? This article examines the hypothesis that the foundations of the Trump administration's economic nationalism stem from three elements: Trump's personality, Republican approaches, and external pressures, and its practical manifestation in the form of US withdrawal from international agreements or efforts to amend them, increase tariffs, and Support for domestic production has been evident. The research method used in this research is qualitative. Findings show that the implementation of the Trump administration's policy of economic nationalism has led to a conflict between US hegemonic requirements and greater isolationism. Hence, the decision-makers of the American foreign policy apparatus in this period have tried to reconcile the nationalist and globalist views. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

502 - Canadian government,s policy in the field of conflict of interest; A case study of the 2016-2023 period in the Justin Trudeau government
Farahnaz Ajori seyed esmaeil hosseinigoli

Conflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing c More

Conflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing corruption, increasing transparency, efficiency, accountability and public trust in the government. The conflict between personal interests and public interests is something that most government officials face; Therefore, it must be properly managed, otherwise it can lead to corruption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the policy of the Canadian government in the field of conflict of interest, which has been studied in the period of 2016-2023 in the government of Justin Trudeau. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and in terms of the purpose of The type of research is applied and based on library research and review of documents and records. The review of the trends presented in the annual conflict of interest reports showed that, according to the policies adopted by Justin Trudeau's government in 2015, the codes and indicators presented in the studied time frame, the reduction of the conflict of interest in several sectors, including ethical norms, It has shown social and value that the performance of this structure has been well objectified in the performance of government officials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

503 - Law Abiding and National Security in Political Thought of Imam Khomeini
Akbar Ashrafi Hamidreza Davoodi

Abstract Man In addition to the right of life has other rights such as the right of freedom. According to this right man is free from Non-God. Freedom right is the gift of all heavenly religions and all the divine religions. Yet it is accepted this issue that human soci More

Abstract Man In addition to the right of life has other rights such as the right of freedom. According to this right man is free from Non-God. Freedom right is the gift of all heavenly religions and all the divine religions. Yet it is accepted this issue that human societies without law and order cannot remain stable. The existence of law is an impossible necessity, although lead to confine man freedom and limitation of his action circle. Human society never graduated from the law and its related issues. Even in the most primitive human societies. Violated to law, including issues that always engaged the minds of scholars and community leaders. Depended on the progress of human societies from primitivism civilization toward modernity gradually evolved thinking of law and each of these communities in terms of government benefited these concepts to creating and expanding order in community and their domestic and foreign stability. Imam Khomeini as the founder of one of the governmental model of contemporary period at his all political and intellectual life insisted on the law abiding and in his statements have always stressed on law abiding and the necessity of law abiding to legal requirements. Imam views on security has two features which completely separated from each other: on the one hand idealistic aspects of security for the Islamic world and world Muslim was important to the Imam and on the other hand  maintaining Islamic Republic of Iran considered as the acts.           Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

504 - Iran’s Foreign Policy Approach towards Middle East Regional Order and Security under 11th Government
Malektaj Khosravi

Abstract: The Middle East region and its sub-system, i.e. the Persian Gulf, are known as a unique region enjoying international importance for possession of energy resources on the one hand and for its outstanding geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic position on More

Abstract: The Middle East region and its sub-system, i.e. the Persian Gulf, are known as a unique region enjoying international importance for possession of energy resources on the one hand and for its outstanding geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic position on the other. History of developments in the Middle East over the past decades shows that provision of order, security and stability, has been the main priority of the countries in this region and trans-regional powers. The Islamic Republic of Iran in different periods has adopted different approaches vis-à-vis the Middle East region and the question of order. The main goal of this research is Iran’s Foreign Policy Approach towards ME Regional Order under 11th Government. With the coming to power of the 11th government, the outlook of Iran's foreign policy apparatus towards order changed from one of opposition to one of interaction. The Rouhani administration has tried to reshape the regional sustainable order within the framework of a policy of détente and constructive interaction. This research with using descriptive-analysis method is seeking to respond to one main question: What is Iran’s foreign policy approach towards the regional order in the Middle East under the 11th government? Also by analyzing data to conclude that the 11th government has adopted a policy of sustainable regional order based on détente. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

505 - Necessity of Freedom and the Legal Government in Hayek's Thought
Mohammad Tohidfam

Abstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership a More

Abstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership and law depend on together. Hayek believed on negative freedom which is lack of any kind of foreign compulsion or dependence to others will .He believed that in this case law is the only guarantor of freedom and the only way toward this kind of freedom is the equitable behavior .He believed that any kind of foreign compulsion is the enemy of individual freedom and legal government as well as each person related to confirmation of justly behavior. Hayek proposed legal government for this reason that governments did not introduce themselves beyond law. Hayek's legal government with using from deterrents law is a guarantor of individual freedom .This article through consider of Hayek's short biography, philosophical and economical epistemology, wanted to rethinking the strong relationship between freedom and legal government.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

506 - The Reasons of the Emergence of New Diplomacy in the Evolving World System
Ruholamin Saeidi

In recent decades many of rules, principles and procedures which dominates the interactions of international actors have changed dramatically due to a transition from Westphalian order to post Westphalian order in world system. In response to the changes of global arena More

In recent decades many of rules, principles and procedures which dominates the interactions of international actors have changed dramatically due to a transition from Westphalian order to post Westphalian order in world system. In response to the changes of global arena, new diplomacy has emerged with different forms like media diplomacy, public diplomacy, track two diplomacy and virtual diplomacy. Understanding the reasons of the emergence of new diplomacy is very important and can be influential in determining foreign policy’s course of action.This article tries to investigate the reasons of the emergence of new diplomacy in the changing world system and proposes three factors as a hypothesis: declining of the role of sovereign states as a consequence of the growth of non-governmental actors, remarkable advancements in information and communication technologies and the enhancement of public opinion status. The results of this article can offer guidelines for directing Iran’ foreign policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

507 - Iran and European Union Relations after Coming to Power of the E Iran and European Union Relations after Coming to Power of the Eleventh Government
اردشیر سنائی رومیسا رحمتی مقدم

  Abstract European countries majorly have been interested in the establishment the relations and using the economical capacities of Iran since the beginning of the revolution till now. Although during the past 36 years the mutual relations have passed various ups More

  Abstract European countries majorly have been interested in the establishment the relations and using the economical capacities of Iran since the beginning of the revolution till now. Although during the past 36 years the mutual relations have passed various ups and downs including inimical and friendly. With the start of Iran's nuclear case, European countries tried to keep themselves in the center of the relations between Iran and IAEA. Finally accompany of Europe and the US sent Iran's nuclear case to the Security Council. But the eleventh presidential election period in Iran caused the new stage of relations between Iran and the European Union. To design of the discussions such as moderation, detent, confidence building and constructive interactions with the international system from the Iran's government have been acclaimed by the European countries. The European Union in the framework of 5+1 group again started the negotiations for the peaceful settlement of the Iran's nuclear case. Finally the negotiations were led to the temporary Geneva agreement in November 2014.The negotiations are continuing to reach a comprehensive agreement after twice extend. Thus it can be said that Iran has privilege from especial situation in European countries foreign policy. Therefore in this article we intend to present an analytical framework to study the relations between Iran and EU after coming to power of the eleventh government. The main question of this article is that how can the relations between Iran and EU after coming to power of the eleventh government be explained from the analytical-theoretical aspect?                Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

508 - Individual Originality in the Political Opinion of Imam Ali
Abasali Rahbar Ali MalekZade

Abstract Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human More

Abstract Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human is considered as being called animal capable of talking, as a being possessing wisdom and will, and deciding through thought and wisdom in order to live, historical and ancient findings show prove that human initially possesses social life which is due to more wellbeing and security but occasionally social life has bought him/her many limitations that has been faced with two theories of sociologists, i.e. individualism and socialism. Since Imam Ali ideology originated by Islam and in Islam it is the individual addressed by God, and he/she should precisely apply God's commands in his/her individual or social life, thus society and individual position is discussed in the political ideology of Imam Ali concluding that though society plays a special role in this theory, in His vision, any individual possesses originality since it is because of individuals that form a society and it is his/her request resulting in different traits in the various societies.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

509 - Pahlavi's rentier government and the formation of the discourse of the Islamic revolution
Majid Ostovar Hossein Mahboob

Examining the issue of the rentier government from different perspectives is necessary to understand the functioning of the Pahlavi rentier government. The innovation of the current research is to examine the impact of the rentier government on the change of the politic More

Examining the issue of the rentier government from different perspectives is necessary to understand the functioning of the Pahlavi rentier government. The innovation of the current research is to examine the impact of the rentier government on the change of the political and social field of the 1950s and the construction of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution centered on Imam Khomeini (RA). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to try to explain the influence of the Pahlavi rentier government in the formation of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The main question of the current research is why the Pahlavi II rentier government in Iran failed to implement its development policy and the Islamic Revolution of Iran emerged? In response to the main question of the current research, after theoretical discussions, the development performance of that government in Iran was examined. The findings of the research show that the performance of the rentier Pahlavi government changed the political and social field of the 1950s and the emergence of new political, social and economic demands in the society. Imam Khomeini's revolutionary speech was one of the most important consequences of the rentier government's performance in this decade. The method of qualitative research is done in the way of historical investigation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

510 - Reflection on the reasons for maintaining the Islamic system with an approach to narrations
ali rashidi mohammad jafari harandi Ahmad Rezvani Mofrad

Objective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. There are several reasons fo More

Objective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. There are several reasons for the need to maintain order, the most important of which are numerous narrations that have been narrated from the infallibles (peace be upon them) which have also been cited by jurists. In this article, we will review and review these citations, whether the citations to the hadiths about the need to preserve the Islamic system have been made correctly? Research Methodology: The present study uses the library collection method and descriptive-analytical research method to critique the narratives in terms of citation and reasoning. Findings: Regarding the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, several hadiths have been cited to prove the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, some of which lack the necessary argument and logic to prove the said ruling. Conclusion: In this study, these hadiths have been identified and criticized, and other authentic hadiths have been counted and examined, and more logical arguments and arguments have been presented to strengthen the related hadiths, and this proves that the Islamic government was obligatory. And its realization can have valuable fruits in the world of politics, including acceptance and political stability for the Islamic government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

511 - An analysis of the political function of the reform government with a focus on political development over efficiency
Reaz eisania

Secondary legitimacy of governments One of the most important issues in the field of government studies and one of the current issues of governments, including the reform government, can be: The main question of the article is that; Has the reform government's record of More

Secondary legitimacy of governments One of the most important issues in the field of government studies and one of the current issues of governments, including the reform government, can be: The main question of the article is that; Has the reform government's record of secondary legitimacy been successful? We have used the critical method to obtain the answer and we have followed this hypothesis; Although the reform government defends its performance and considers it successful, there is a significant relationship between the electoral turn of the people from the reform government to another government, which indicates the failure of their performance in relation to the country's development plans as well as the ratio. Compared to the performance of developed countries. The findings of the study also indicate that although government agents have reformed their performance compared to previous governments based on successful political development, but from the people's point of view; legitimate freedoms, deprivation and the realization of civil society, and especially the prosperity of culture and politics, and wanted to achieve the same economic development through the political development of the country. In the eight years of his rule, he faced a crisis every nine days, so it can be said that he could not respond positively to the demands of the people, and its inefficiency was shown more than anything in the ability to regulate, so a license for Turning from Khatami's government to another government called the Justice Government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

512 - The structure of the rentier government in Iran and the collapse of the Pahlavi government
Mehdi Majd Alireza Soltani

In Iran, since the beginning of oil exploration, the governments have not been able to properly exploit oil. If the oil revenues are not used properly, a rentier government will be formed and the Dutch disease will plague the national economy. The peak of the rentier go More

In Iran, since the beginning of oil exploration, the governments have not been able to properly exploit oil. If the oil revenues are not used properly, a rentier government will be formed and the Dutch disease will plague the national economy. The peak of the rentier government can be seen between 1353 and 1356. The Pahlavi government was a rentier state because it regularly received huge amounts of foreign rent. Therefore, Iran's oil revenues have little connection with the domestic economy and the domestic labor force. In fact, with the increase in oil revenues, the Pahlavi regime's independence from the domestic society reached such a degree that the government began to change the social structure and created support groups for itself and created supporting groups for himself and weakened opposing social groups such as marketers and clerics, which was one of the reasons for the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Therefore, the question of this article is what effect did the structure of the rentier government have on the collapse of the Pahlavi government? And it is also the hypothesis that following the increase of oil revenues of the Pahlavi government by creating an absolute political structure and destroying the capacities and foundations of the production-oriented economy and based on tax revenues, it provided the basis for political, social and economic dissatisfaction and ultimately the collapse of the political system. This article is written in an analytical and descriptive way and its information is collected in a library way. In the end, the conclusion has been reached that the oil-owning countries, especially Iran, have no way to restore their economy except to exit from the single-product economy and increase tax revenues. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

513 - Comparison of the economic performance of the governments after the Islamic revolution based on the Gini coefficient
Faramarz Nemati Miri Reza Shirzadi Mirabrahim Siddique

The class gap has always been the source of many social disorders. The widening of the class gap leads to an increase in poverty in the society. The class gap is one of the most important problems facing any society, so that governments have deepened or reduced it in th More

The class gap has always been the source of many social disorders. The widening of the class gap leads to an increase in poverty in the society. The class gap is one of the most important problems facing any society, so that governments have deepened or reduced it in the country by implementing economic programs, which has increased the class gap in Iranian society in recent years. The class gap that leads to the spread of poverty and inequality causes dissatisfaction among the weak sections of society and can lead to a decrease in people's support for the government. The purpose of this research is to investigate the class divide in Iranian society after the Islamic Revolution. The main research question is posed in this way. What are the most important reasons for the class divide in Iranian society after the Islamic Revolution? The hypothesis of the research is that the implementation of the policies and orientation of the governments after the Islamic revolution, especially after the imposed war and the implementation of the five-year development plans and the different approach of each government to social justice, the process of intensifying the class gap began and continued. The research method in this article is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

514 - "Study on the implementation of economic policies and social justice during the eight-year presidency of Hassan Rouhani"
fatemeh jafariyan alireza soltani mojtaba maghsoodi Morteza Nabavi

The election contests of 1992 started in a situation where the chaos of the economic conditions under the influence of the policies of the tenth government caused the exchange rate to rise, the inequality increased and inflation was rampant. Analytical and descriptive e More

The election contests of 1992 started in a situation where the chaos of the economic conditions under the influence of the policies of the tenth government caused the exchange rate to rise, the inequality increased and inflation was rampant. Analytical and descriptive economic and social policies during the eight-year presidency of Hassan Rouhani from the point of view of the realization of social justice, what the research has reached in its investigation shows that this government, although in its first period, relied on the western approach Garianeh has had temporary successes, but in the end, due to inaction and relying too much on the West, he followed the same path as the Ahmadinejad government, and under the influence of the neoliberal approaches governing Iran's economy, he not only failed to end social inequalities, but also increased these inequalities. From the beginning, this research is trying to answer the question that the approaches and economic conditions in Rouhani's government have had an impact on the field of social justice in Iranian society, and it has followed the hypothesis that the predominance of neoliberal approaches over economic policies will lead to the realization of social justice. In the first Rouhani government, he faced the challenge, in addition to the intensification of economic sanctions and the weakness of economic management, in the second term of the government, the conditions of social justice faced a bigger problem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

515 - The design of the optimal model of electronic resources management in the refah bank
Mehrzad sarfarazi Gholamreza memarzadeh Tehran Sayyed Mahdi alvani Mohammadail afshar kazemiv

Background and Objective: Human resource electronic management is one of the ways to implement human resource strategies, policies and operations related to human resources in organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for optimizing the establish More

Background and Objective: Human resource electronic management is one of the ways to implement human resource strategies, policies and operations related to human resources in organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for optimizing the establishment of human resources electronic management in the banking system of Iran (Case study: Refah headquarters). Methodology: The present research is an applied research, the purpose of exploratory research, the quantitative and qualitative data types, and the method of implementation in the field and the questionnaire and interviewing tool. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were approved. The statistical population of this research consisted of all managers and staff of the headquarters of the Bank of Welfare. The sample was selected by the Cochran formula and 277 employees and managers of the Bank of Welfare. The statistical methods of hidden markup chain optimization were used to analyze the data. These statistical tests were performed by soft content. Findings: There are six categories of important factors in the optimal deployment of human resource management in the Bank of Welfare, which include organizational, environmental (government), process, cultural, technological and personal factors. Also, the results indicate that at the Welfare Bank With processor factors of 23/708, organizational factors of 10/603, technological factors 12/652, environmental factors 11/6/11, cultural factors 15/198, individual factors 6/663 The optimization of the establishment of human resources electronic management would be optimal. Results: The results showed that individual factors influenced the Islamic attitude of employees and then, in order of process, cultural, technological, cultural, environmental and organizational factors, in the establishment of optimal management of human resources electronic resources.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

516 - The Evaluation of Market Competition in Iranian Banking System (Panzar and Rosse Approach)
Hossein Sharifinia Hooshang Momeni Vesalian Alireza Daghighiasli Marjan Damankeshideh Majid Feshari

  The evaluation of market competition is one of the main issues in the industrial and monetary economics. So, the main objective of this article is to estimate the banking market structure in private and governmental banks during the period of 2006-2017. For achie More

  The evaluation of market competition is one of the main issues in the industrial and monetary economics. So, the main objective of this article is to estimate the banking market structure in private and governmental banks during the period of 2006-2017. For achieving this purpose, at the first step we computed the banking sector's market competition by Panzar-Rosse approach. In the second step we evaluated the impact of market competition on total revenue of banks by using dynamic panel data regression with generalized method of moment approach. The results of model estimation indicated that the market competition in thesae banks has been estimated over the 0.59. Henve, the market structure is similar to incomplete competition. Moreover, the lag of total revenue and equity return have positive and wage rate has negative impact on total revenue of banks during the period of study. Keywords: Market Competition, Banking System, Private and Government Owened Bank's. Panzar and Rosse Approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

517 - Investigating the role of information and communication technology in the developments of good governance (Emphasis on the technology of the 11th government in e-business)
Fatemeh Ghiasi hojjatollah darvishpour mohammad tohidfam aliakbar amini

E-government has taken effective steps by using information technology to facilitate and expedite matters, provide better public services, reduce waiting time and citizen satisfaction, and improve accountability, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency in building pu More

E-government has taken effective steps by using information technology to facilitate and expedite matters, provide better public services, reduce waiting time and citizen satisfaction, and improve accountability, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency in building public trust and promoting good governance indicators. has done. E-business as one of the enablers in the country's economy and a subset of information technologies has grown significantly in the last decade. Today's markets are global and are constantly evolving from industry to knowledge and technology. Today's business environment has changed from physical to electronic, transforming traditional and offline markets. Successful investors have embraced the transition from traditional business methods to e-business, so that the policy of most businesses in accepting and using e-business to enter global markets and attract new customers is effective and efficient. The importance of e-business environment and the high acceptance of people in recent years and the entry of businesses into this space makes the need for planning and development of this space more and more obvious Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

518 - The Effect of Corruption Control and Trust and Financing on Entrepreneurship Development in Selected Countries of Mena
monir moradi dariush hassanvand kaveh derakhshani Ahmad Sarlak

Entrepreneurship has been the driving force of economic activities that need to be financed. Institutional quality (corruption control and trust) and financing have always been serious issues for entrepreneurs to start a business and develop entrepreneurship. This study More

Entrepreneurship has been the driving force of economic activities that need to be financed. Institutional quality (corruption control and trust) and financing have always been serious issues for entrepreneurs to start a business and develop entrepreneurship. This study examines the interactive effect of corruption control and financing as well as the interactive effect of trust and financing on entrepreneurship development in selected Mena countries (Algeria, Iran, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Turkey and Iraq) during the period ( 2019-2005), has been paid. The research method is descriptive and the data were obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Watch, the World Database and UNESCO, and the panel data approach was used to estimate the models. Cross-sectional dependence and variance heterogeneity tests as well as F-Limer and Hausmann tests for choosing between least squares methods were performed by fixed effects method or random effects and the model was confirmed by fixed effects method. The results show that institutional quality and funding sources have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship development. Therefore, the development of institutional quality reform can affect the development of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

519 - Designing and explaining a model for organizational transformation of Governmental service Organizations with Mixed approach (Case Study: educational offices Iran)
Javad Deihim Mahmood Ghorbani Ahmad Zendehdel Ahmad Akbari

. The purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of organizational transformation of educational office. This research was an applied research using a mixed-method design. In the qualitative approach, the Delphi method is used by referring to 25 academic More

. The purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of organizational transformation of educational office. This research was an applied research using a mixed-method design. In the qualitative approach, the Delphi method is used by referring to 25 academic and educational experts selected by purposeful methods. In this study, 276 participants were selected by a stratified sampling method with appropriate allocation. The validity of the model was confirmed using face validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results identified 7 dimensions, including a mission, leadership style, human capital, organizational communications, organization structure, information technology, reward system and 17 components for organizational transformation model. Also, the leadership style dimension and the components of transformational leadership and internal reward were determined as the most important ones. In addition to being very rich in the theoretical base, this research will also help to develop the cognition domain. The study suggests that if Managers of government organizations use the dimensions and components of the organizational transformation model, organizational transformation was highly effectiveness to achieve organizational performance and innovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

520 - The Impact Of Organizational Commitment Criteria On Business Success in Public Organizations with Futures Studies Approach
seeyed alireza mirjafari Abdulkhalegh Gholamianarestan karamollah DaneshFard

Management knowledge researchers believe that the most important factor of business success in organizations is organizational commitment and it is a continuous process and an attitude about employee loyalty to the organization. The aim of this study was to find the com More

Management knowledge researchers believe that the most important factor of business success in organizations is organizational commitment and it is a continuous process and an attitude about employee loyalty to the organization. The aim of this study was to find the components affecting organizational commitment and business success and ranking. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and based on data collection, qualitative and quantitative research. In this research. exploratory mixture method has been used. First through semi-structured interviews. qualitative data are collected and we follow our interviews to the theoretical saturation stage. Then. using qualitative content analysis method. a questionnaire has been prepared which is the basis of the research. After collecting quantitative data and analyzing them using FAHP and extracting the final model of the research and then ranking the components has been discussed. Three main indicators and five sub-indices were extracted. The main components among the extracted components. organizational factors ranked first environmental factors ranked second and individual factors ranked third Among the sub-indicators. the component of selection and employment ranked first, work conscience ranked second, training ranked third. compensation of employees' service ranked forth and job conditions ranked fifth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

521 - چالش‌های اجرای حسابرسی عملکرد در دستگاه‌های اجرایی
غلامحسین مهدوی محمد محمدیان

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

522 - Modeling to Predict the Liquidity Risk of Iran's Government Banks Using Artificial Neural Networks and Accounting Indicators
Mahdi Khosroyani Farzaneh Heydarpoor

10.30495/faar.2022.697091

AbstractOne of the most important risks of bank is liquidity risk, so banks must have appropriate information systems to measure, predict and control liquidity risk. Banks manage their liquidity risk using different tools and methods, depending on the conditions and typ More

AbstractOne of the most important risks of bank is liquidity risk, so banks must have appropriate information systems to measure, predict and control liquidity risk. Banks manage their liquidity risk using different tools and methods, depending on the conditions and type of activity. Despite the fundamental differences in the size, type of activity and structure of Government owned banks,is it possible to model and forecast the liquidity risk of state banks? To answer this question in this study, using the accounting information of Government banks in Iran, and the research accounting indicators were calculated and liquidity risk was modeled by the multilayer perceptron neural network. Then, the difference between the results of the model and the real data was measured by MSE. The research results showed that the designed model can be used to predict the liquidity risk of Iran's Government owned banks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

523 - The Effect of Trust in Government on Voluntary Compliance of Taxpayers with the Mediating Role of Tax Justice Perception
Farnaz Hajmahmood attar Vahid Araei

10.30495/faar.2022.698391

Abstract The importance and need for tax compliance and identification of new taxpayers has increased more and more according to the conditions of the economic environment, and all governments around the world should try to achieve the desired result to meet the amount More

Abstract The importance and need for tax compliance and identification of new taxpayers has increased more and more according to the conditions of the economic environment, and all governments around the world should try to achieve the desired result to meet the amount of tax revenue.In this study, the effect of trust in government on voluntary obedience of taxpayers is considered by considering the mediating role of tax justice perception. The present paper is descriptive-survey and correlational in terms of data relationships. The statistical population was private companies whose taxpayers referred to the General Directorate of Tax Affairs of Tehran Center in the winter quarter, the total number of which was 33162. The sample size was performed using Cochran's formula and according to the technique of structural equations between 5 and 15 times the number of measures, ie 240 people, using stratified sampling method. Data collection tool is a questionnaire that after confirming its validity by calculating the Lashae coefficient and performing confirmatory factor analysis technique and its reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, structural equation technique has been used in laser software to investigate research hypotheses. The findings show that trust in the government influences the voluntary compliance of taxpayers with regard to the mediating role of tax justice perception. Confidence in government influences the voluntary obedience and perception of tax justice of taxpayers. The perception of tax justice also affects the voluntary obedience of taxpayers.           Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

524 - The effect of Rentier government on the patterns of political participation (Case study: Iran, during the Islamic Republic)
shahram tahmasebi mehrdad javaheripour Reza Ali Mohseni Mohseni

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of rentier government on participatory patterns in Iran. The theory of Rentier government is the main approach of the article. The research method is comparative, and the technique of collecting information is docume More

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of rentier government on participatory patterns in Iran. The theory of Rentier government is the main approach of the article. The research method is comparative, and the technique of collecting information is documented. In this article the economic characteristics of Iran is examined. The results show that Iran has a Rentier economy that is highly dependent on the sale of oil. Rentier revenues have made Iran's governments not much dependent on tax revenues, and not dependent on the demands of the classes and social groups. The political participation of Iran has been influenced by the Rentier economy, and three participatory models have emerged in Iran, which are: (A) The pattern of antagonism that its followers are excluded from political participatory process; (B) The Political Non-Support Participation that is continually being absorbed and excluded from the mainstream of political power in Iran; (C) The Political Support Participation that is responsible for the production and reproduction of political forces who are followers of the political system; As a result of the supports by political system for the followers of this movement, they have achieved a comprehensive participatory pattern and a complete cycle of political participation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

525 - Rentierism and Political Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Said Baghkhani Majid kaffashi soroush Fathi

Nowadays, the importance of oil is no secret to anyone, and the consequences of its income are influential in the different areas of the social life of the exporting countries; therefore, it is futile to investigate these consequences regardless of the social and politi More

Nowadays, the importance of oil is no secret to anyone, and the consequences of its income are influential in the different areas of the social life of the exporting countries; therefore, it is futile to investigate these consequences regardless of the social and political conditions associated with the governments of the above-mentioned countries. Thus, this study has attempted to study rentierism and the political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to identify threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths using a Delphi method. the Delphi method was used in the field of research and using the open-ended questionnaire, the experts in political sociology, economics and politics were asked questions in six stages of Delphi. In this regard, The most important opportunities: strengthing military power, providing ways to be independent politically and economically, appropriate international relations through income derived from natural resources; Threats: widespread intervention of foreign countries, reduction of national security, and lack of interaction with global economy; Strengths: formation of the middle class, social institutionalization, order and modern state; Weaknesses: lack of seriousness in receiving tax, concentration of resources in the hands of the government, and non-formation of indepdent social groups can be mentioned.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

526 - Comparison of the position of women before the Islamic Revolution and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran..
leila hajigahramani Bahman Keshavarz Hasan Eivazzadeh Mehdi Khoshkhati

Given the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women i More

Given the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women in the vicissitudes. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe and explain the status of women before and after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. The present study in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. Data collection was also carried out in the form of a library-documentary. In this study, the position of women was reviewed in the different sections before and after the Islamic revolution. The results of the investigation suggest that women before Islamic revolution had limited situations. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the situation of women was changed again. And at this juncture that societyfaced with several problems, had been prevented from paying attention to women's issues and revive their lost rights. However, after a relative improvement in the situation of the community, the issue of women's rights and the real status of this stratum were considered by policy makers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

527 - Sociological study of the instability of democratic developments in contemporary Iran
mahmoud soltani ezat Ebrahim Motaghi

This study aimed to identify the causes of instability of democratic developments in contemporary Iran. The four waves of transition to democracy in Iran are: the Constitutional Revolution, the Oil Nationalization Movement, the Islamic Revolution 57, and the Reform Move More

This study aimed to identify the causes of instability of democratic developments in contemporary Iran. The four waves of transition to democracy in Iran are: the Constitutional Revolution, the Oil Nationalization Movement, the Islamic Revolution 57, and the Reform Movement. But at every turn we are witnessing a fragile democracy. To explain this issue, experts have proposed their views. Samuel Huntington's integrated theory has been proposed as a guiding theory in qualitative analysis by emphasizing the role of leadership ability as a Agency And the influence of the nature of government, civil society and international conditions as structural conditions in contemporary Iran has been proposed as a guiding theory in qualitative analysis. The historical-comparative method with Boolean algebra has been used. The result of the qualitative analysis of this research shows the power of explaining the structural aspect of Huntington's theory. Although the ability to lead and influence the great powers such as the United States, Britain and Russia have been influential in contemporary history, But they have not been a sufficient condition for the consolidation of democracy. In the final analysis, the weakness of civil society and the fragility of the nature of the state (patrimonial, rentier and ideological) are considered as a necessary and sufficient condition for the event of fragile democracy in contemporary Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

528 - The duality of social hope and despair in the twelfth government Examining the factors, background and consequences
Jalil Mokhtar Mansour Hagigatiyan mohammadali chitsaz

10.30495/jscc.2023.1980961.2089

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the duality of social hope and despair. The present research method is qualitative based on grounded theory. Sampling was done theoretically and face-to-face, in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted More

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the duality of social hope and despair. The present research method is qualitative based on grounded theory. Sampling was done theoretically and face-to-face, in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 20 experts, including experts and university professors with relevant research experience. The results showed that the core categories of social hope in Iran include "the possibility of dynamism and transformation, predicting suitable opportunities in the future, imagining a better, more secure future, and a positive response to a bright future". The main categories of social despair in Iran include "social dissatisfaction, tense social environment, social alienation". The causal conditions of social hope include "dynamism and progress, reproduction of motivation, sense of efficacy and control over the environment". The causal factors of social despair include "feeling of danger and There is a risky society, the media and content are all disappointing, a negative evaluation of the future, exhaustion". The background conditions of social hope are "hope for adaptation in a bright future, social dynamism and vitality, fulfillment of basic needs" and the background conditions of social despair include "fear of a vague and unpredictable future. Perceived day-to-day discrimination is "social issues". Intervening conditions include "the dignity and honor of citizens, aspirational capacity of the society" and the intervening conditions of social despair include "not having a clear horizon for tomorrow, weakening of systemic legitimacy, disruption in the vital functions of society". The consequences of social hope are "social health, social stability, vitality" and the consequences of social hopelessness were obtained in the order of "future fear, reproduction of acute social issues, confrontation of need and deprivation, prevalence of collectivism approach, confrontation of need and deprivation, collectivism". Finally, the strategy of increasing social hope in Iran including "intensifying positive emotions, increasing social trust, participation and social interactions, providing the possibility of social mobility and increasing social support" was proposed. Manuscript profile

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529 - Designing a Model of Social Undermining Management in Iranian Government Organizations through Organizational Productivity
Rahim Ebrahimi Jafar Beyg Zad Mojtaba Ramezani Yosef Beyg Zadeh

10.30495/jscc.2023.1988628.2110

The One of the topics in management, especially in the field of human resource management, is the concept of social wear management. Social wear is the negative behaviors of employees during their service in the organization and weakens the individual's abilities. This More

The One of the topics in management, especially in the field of human resource management, is the concept of social wear management. Social wear is the negative behaviors of employees during their service in the organization and weakens the individual's abilities. This research was a general qualitative research. The study population consisted of experts, managers, deputy managers, experts of government organizations (technical and professional, municipal and social security) and faculty members of universities in East Azerbaijan province, 26 of whom by sample Targeted selections were selected. For data validity and validity, the method of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts in the research was used. Data were analyzed by content analysis method and using Max QDE qualitative data analysis software in three stages including open, axial and selective coding. Based on the findings of this study, 55 open codes were extracted and these codes were divided into 14 components and finally turned into three dimensions. Findings indicate that value management, attitude and behavior management, employee empowerment, professional ethics development and tolerance and stress strategies play a key role in managing the social wear and tear associated with peer communication. Process management, authority and task management, career path management, and organizational culture management were recognized in social wear management related to the manager-employee relationship. Regarding the reduction of social wear in relation to the organization and the job, the dimensions of performance improvement and development, identification, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

530 - The Status of Social Expediency in the Theory of Guardianship of Islamic Jurist
leila samadzadeh khameneh ebrahim yaghouti seyed abolghasem naghibi

Expediency plays a fundamental role in the legislation of religious precepts and Religious edicts have been legalized considering expediencies and corruptions. As government orders are directed in providing social expediencies, they are of special status. Expediency has More

Expediency plays a fundamental role in the legislation of religious precepts and Religious edicts have been legalized considering expediencies and corruptions. As government orders are directed in providing social expediencies, they are of special status. Expediency has played a valuable role in actuality of the guardianship of Islamic jurist and they are in a close relationship. Various authorities entitled to the sharia ruler facilitated compatibility of Islam with emerging needs. Governing social affairs requires decisions not limited to secondary sharia rules, and the ruler issues orders and precepts different from the original ones of which expediency and corruption are found by the guardian of Islamic jurist who is also the ruler of society. The present research aimed at explaining the status of expediency in the theory of guardianship of Islamic jurist. Through analyzing the role of expediency in the theory of guardianship of Islamic jurist, the present work tried to review the basics and the main foundation of the issued rules by the guardian of Islamic jurist, and the tools for access to social expediencies. Manuscript profile

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531 - The impact of ideology on criminal legislation with an approach to modern political thoughts
Mohammad Shamei Kourosh Moalemi Shahanghi Mohammad

The relationship between government ideology and criminal legislation, due to its interdisciplinary nature and interaction with public law and political science on the one hand, and interaction with criminology on the other hand, has found less room for discussion and a More

The relationship between government ideology and criminal legislation, due to its interdisciplinary nature and interaction with public law and political science on the one hand, and interaction with criminology on the other hand, has found less room for discussion and analysis in the country's scientific and academic societies; Therefore, in this article, after knowing the concept of ideology, the impact of the ideology of the government on the process of criminal legislation is investigated in different historical periods. With the development of increasing government interventions in the personal and social life of citizens, this important question is raised that in relation to the establishment of laws in the field of criminal law, the legislator is influenced by what factors and what principles he is subject to. In this area, we will mention the factors affecting the process of criminal legislation (criminalization). Regardless of presenting a segmented model of political, economic, etc. factors, we can talk about the influence of ideology as an effective political factor on law enforcement. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile

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532 - Standards of public property of state property with emphasis on Article 45 of the Constitution
abdolvahid vafaei maryam jamshidzadeh

AbstractThe public properties is the type of possession which relates to all individuals in the society. The other is the governmental properties which is the possession of the government merely. The knowledge of differences between public and governmental properties is More

AbstractThe public properties is the type of possession which relates to all individuals in the society. The other is the governmental properties which is the possession of the government merely. The knowledge of differences between public and governmental properties is the criterion for finding their meanings. This research with using libraries study, descriptive and analytical approach and also with emphasizing on the Article forty five of the constitution law investigate Imami jurists and lawyers’ ideas and viewpoints. Then, the findings of the differences between these two types of properties have several criteria. The possession can be divided in two sets of private and non-private properties. In non-private properties only government can access to the possessions.The differences between guardian and ownership can be found in heritage, it means that in ownership the possession can be transfer to the heirs but in guardianship the possession cannot be transfer to this heirs.Key words: Article forty five of the constitution- Governmental properties- public properties- Ownership- Gurdianship Manuscript profile

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533 - Human dignity as a basis for enjoying citizenship rights
reza Asadipour masoud rai Hormoz Asadi koohbad

Legal rules are human in nature and are designed to protect human beings. Applying the mentioned rules to human beings is characterized by the attribute of dignity, which should never be considered as a tool. But in some cases, existing laws and procedures have violated More

Legal rules are human in nature and are designed to protect human beings. Applying the mentioned rules to human beings is characterized by the attribute of dignity, which should never be considered as a tool. But in some cases, existing laws and procedures have violated human dignity. As a basis in the Islamic legal system and in the approach of contemporary jurists, human dignity has been proposed as the basis and point of connection between the protection of human rights and civil rights. Knowing the difference between the two concepts of civil rights and human rights, at the domestic level, the doctrine of human rights protection confirms theories that have considered dignity as the cornerstone of the establishment and implementation of legal rules. In this article, the authors have tried to explain these views by analyzing the existing principles and have discussed its relationship with citizenship rights. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

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534 - A reflection on the reasons for maintaining the Islamic system with an approach to the narrations of the Imams (as)
ali rashidi mohammad jafari harandi

Objective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. Numerous reasons have been p More

Objective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. Numerous reasons have been presented regarding the necessity of maintaining order, the most important of which are numerous narrations that have been narrated from the infallibles (peace be upon them) and have also been cited by jurists. In this article, we will review and review these citations and answer the question whether the citations to the hadiths about the need to preserve the Islamic system have been made correctly?Methodology: The present study uses a descriptive-analytical research method to critique the narrations in terms of citation and reasoning. Findings: Regarding the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, several hadiths have been cited to prove the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, some of which lack the necessary argument and logic to prove the said ruling. Conclusion: In this study, these hadiths have been identified and criticized, and other authentic hadiths have been counted and examined, and more logical arguments and arguments have been presented to strengthen the related hadiths, and this proves that maintaining the Islamic system is obligatory. And its realization can have valuable fruits such as acceptance and political stability for the Islamic government in the world of politics. Manuscript profile

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535 - A legal look at the reduction of the specificity of the state in the postmodern era with the separation of "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking.
Mohammad Mirzaeimehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdolkarim Shaheydar

The new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into compl More

The new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into complex relationships of mutual dependence and being present in the competition of various powers with which it is required to combine and pass through multiple lines of rupture, it seems that a significant part of the means of action and its ability to control the transformation Social has lost; The government is no longer considered to be the arena of purity, selflessness and sacrifice, but it is considered the position and position of pursuing individual interests. At present, this thinking has prevailed that the public administration should be efficient and beneficial like a private person, and this efficiency will lead to the realization of good management. According to the research, it should be said; The assumption based on which the public administration, which serves the public interest, is not able to provide efficiency and usefulness gave way to the idea that the administration is required to continuously improve its functions and reduce its costs, just like private individuals; The department is committed to carrying out its missions in the best possible conditions, and taking care of the quality of its support using the best tools and facilities available to it. Therefore, its difference with private institutions is fading. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to investigate the legality of the reduction of the specificity of the government in the post-modern era by distinguishing "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking. Manuscript profile

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536 - The development of Shia jurists' thoughts about political power
Hassan Abbaszadeh Hossein Ahmari Mohammad Reza Javaheri

In Islamic jurisprudence, there is a very important issue under the title of Islamic government, which is the distinguishing feature of the rules of Islamic law compared to other religions. In fact, in the teachings and opinions of Islamic jurists, the concept of politi More

In Islamic jurisprudence, there is a very important issue under the title of Islamic government, which is the distinguishing feature of the rules of Islamic law compared to other religions. In fact, in the teachings and opinions of Islamic jurists, the concept of political power has been recognized through the recognition of Islamic government. In the meantime, Shia jurists refrained from dealing with the issue of political power as one of the basic and main issues of Shia jurisprudence due to the specific socio-political conditions from the time of the beginning of Islam until the establishment of the first Shia governments. But after the formation of Shiite governments, the issue of political power became one of the most important issues in the field of political jurisprudence. The purpose of the current research, which was collected with descriptive-analytical method and library tools, is to analyze and evaluate the concept of political power in the thought of Shiite jurists. In the end, in light of the evolution of Shia thoughts, it is witnessed that in Shia political jurisprudence, given the openness of ijtihad from its outset to the present time, there have always been new mechanisms for ruling in the society, so that after the Infallible (pbuh), depending on historical conditions, other jurists and Islamic scholars have proposed various theories about political power. Manuscript profile

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537 - Expropriation by the government and its affiliated institutions in the light of modern jurisprudential views
Hoddein Ranjbar hoseyn Rajabi

The subject investigated in this article is expropriation by the government and its related institutions in the light of modern jurisprudential views. Therefore, we have first analyzed the generalities about the municipality and its possessions, and after that we have e More

The subject investigated in this article is expropriation by the government and its related institutions in the light of modern jurisprudential views. Therefore, we have first analyzed the generalities about the municipality and its possessions, and after that we have examined the issue from a jurisprudential and legal point of view. It seems that from the point of view of jurisprudence, bases such as harmlessness, expediency, and such things allow the municipality to acquire, and on the other hand, these bases are an obstacle to the acquisition of this institution. On the other hand, some principles have been proposed in the laws of western countries, including France, and we have entered and applied them in domestic laws. These foundations, which in their most important aspect are public service, public power, and public benefit, have been analyzed in their place. Manuscript profile

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538 - The Governments’ and NGOs’ International Responsibilities; The Islamic Jurisprudential fundamentals and Political Challenges
Mahsa Fahimi Azad Soheil Soheily Najafabad Mohsen Dianat

Recognizing the norms and regulations of international law and guarantying the international activists’ commitments necessitate a provisioning of international responsibility system for them. Using the descriptive and analytical methods and library data, the prese More

Recognizing the norms and regulations of international law and guarantying the international activists’ commitments necessitate a provisioning of international responsibility system for them. Using the descriptive and analytical methods and library data, the present research studied and explained the Islamic jurisprudential fundamentals of and political challenges for the governments’ and NGOs’ international responsibilities. The research findings showed that despite the lack of discussion on the subject in the Islamic jurisprudence, several jurisprudential regulations – such as the negation of hardship, the rule of prohibition of helping to commit a crime, the prohibition of detriment, as the most important ones - can be used as the fundamentals to justify the governments’ and NGOs’ international responsibilities. Despite this, there are several political challenges – the governments search for profits, their intervention in establishing the international laws, and political considerations effects on the election of judges for the international trials, as the most prominent ones - for the governments’ and NGOs’ international responsibilities. Manuscript profile

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539 - An Assessment of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Hierarchical Model based on Topsis Algorithm
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim Hamdi

Portfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “St More

Portfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “Stocks of Corporation”, “Bonds”, “Fellow of Banking Capital”, “Trading Securities”, and “Governmental Treasury Bills”. Gathering the data by means of a questionnaire distributed among the target population including managers and experts of the Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, we investigate on stock investment methods in foreign market in hierarchical model based on Topsis algouritm. Due to the answers gathered from the questionnaire, we identified 8 factors effective on portfolio investment to be used in topsis algorithm. These effective factors was entered to a decision making matrix, using in ranking portfolio investment styles based on ideal solutions technique. Results showed that the corporation stocks is the first and the top priority for international portfolio investors Manuscript profile

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540 - Role of Rural Organizations in Water Resources Management: A Case Study in Pistachio Producing Areas in Kerman Province, Iran
Mohammad Abdolahi Ezzatabadi Reza Sedaghat

10.22034/jon.2020.1896411.1084

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541 - The impact of current and construction expenses of the government on the growth of national income and its distribution in Iraq
maryam emamimibodi Hossein Jassim Mohammad Al-Satani

One of the important economic goals of governments is to achieve the growth of national income and fair distribution of income. In meeting these goals, governments should use financial policy tools such as; Current and construction expenditures should be used for fair d More

One of the important economic goals of governments is to achieve the growth of national income and fair distribution of income. In meeting these goals, governments should use financial policy tools such as; Current and construction expenditures should be used for fair distribution of income and control of extreme fluctuations in per capita incomes and ultimately the growth of national income. In this research, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of current expenditures and construction expenditures of the government on the growth of national income and the Gini coefficient in Iraq, and the VAR method has been used in the returns from 2006 to 2021. The results of the research indicated that; The impact of government current expenditures and government construction expenditures have had a positive and significant impact on the growth of Iraq's national income, but only government construction expenditures have had a positive and significant impact on the income distribution index (Gini coefficient). The results of the variance analysis of the research models show that the greatest impact on the growth of national income and the Gini coefficient is from the side, respectively; economic growth and oil income, and the lowest impact on the two variables of national income growth and the Gini coefficient is related to government construction costs. Therefore, the planners in the country should pay attention that, for the economic growth of this country, the redistribution policies of the oil income of this country should be chosen in principle and optimally. Manuscript profile

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542 - The Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Fiscal Policies Shocks on Trade Balance in Iran (The Application of Structural VAR)
Majid Maddah Elham Rastegarnia

Trade balance influences macroeconomic indicators such as exchange rate and national income. The continuous positive balance leads to more entrance of currency and increasing GNP and also, continuous negative balance leads to outflow of currency and decreasing GNP. The More

Trade balance influences macroeconomic indicators such as exchange rate and national income. The continuous positive balance leads to more entrance of currency and increasing GNP and also, continuous negative balance leads to outflow of currency and decreasing GNP. The fiscal policy tools and government budget situation can be effective on trade balance. In this paper, the effect of shocks from government expenditures and taxes on trade balance in Iran has been studied empirically using structural vector autoregressive regression (SVAR) method. The results from estimated model show that i) there is a negative and significant relationship between shocks from government expenditures and trade balance in Iran. This finding indicates that a positive shock from government expenditures will get worse the status of trade balance ii) the positive and significant relationship between trade balance and tax burden is confirmed that show more tax burden improve trade balance through limit import. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

543 - Essential Requirements of Good Governance for Achieving Human Development
M. J. Razmi S. Sedighi S. Rezaeian

Good governance is a new model of sustainable human development with the mechanism of interaction between governmental sector, private sector and civil society in order to use all its capabilities for their comprehensive development. Strong civil society accompanied wit More

Good governance is a new model of sustainable human development with the mechanism of interaction between governmental sector, private sector and civil society in order to use all its capabilities for their comprehensive development. Strong civil society accompanied with modern and developmental-oriented state can create areas of good governance therefore, comprehensive development with the least time and damage. In every society, its members are the most important factor in development. This study emphasized on the importance of human development, searching the requirement of good governance for achieving sustainable human development. Meditation and rethinking on the quality of each governance components and applying appropriate strategies to strengthen them, perhaps is the best model for sustainable human development. The survey results of the good governance components represent deteriorating conditions of these indexes during a period of time starting 1996 and ending 2010. Iran due to many advantages, not only human resources also natural resources, has abundant potential to achieve human development Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

544 - Analysis effect trade and financial openness on the government size In selection of OIC members
H. Shajari H. Ostadi N. Kavoci

In recent decades one of the important discussions among economists is explanation mutual relationship trade openness, financial openness and government size because in this field, there are many divergence of views. Analysis effect trade and financial openness on the g More

In recent decades one of the important discussions among economists is explanation mutual relationship trade openness, financial openness and government size because in this field, there are many divergence of views. Analysis effect trade and financial openness on the government size is necessary.Therefore, in this article to explain effects trade and financial openness on the government size in selection of OIC members in fromework two compensation hypothesis and efficiency hypothesis. For gaining access to purpose using cross-sectional time-cerise context in during period 1999-2009 and GLS estimator. It is worth noting, to obtain more accurat results this countries based on per capital income in three groups are classified. Estimation results indicate indexes trade and financial openness are significant in lower middle incom. Countries and low incom countries.Also these indexes are not significant in upper middle incom countries. It is worth noting, impact trade openness is more than impact financial openness on the government size. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

545 - The Impact of Government Size on the Resistance Economics Index of Iran: Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Approach
Ali Shahinpour Hassan Abbasi

Due to the impact of the global space, as well as its abilities in various scientific, commercial, political and energy fields, the Iranian economy has always been in a state of intolerance in international relations; it seems that the proposed economic rehabilitation p More

Due to the impact of the global space, as well as its abilities in various scientific, commercial, political and energy fields, the Iranian economy has always been in a state of intolerance in international relations; it seems that the proposed economic rehabilitation plan is more than an existential necessity and is a defensive and sophisticated tool of the Iranian economy that can take an active approach to economic crises and to overcome obstacles in this situation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of government size on the resilience index of Iranian economy and it is very important. In this study, Vector Autoregressive Method was used to estimate model and Johnson-Juselius co-integration method was used to investigate long-term relationship between variables. Findings show, the size of government affects Iran’s economic growth positively. The Schwartz-Bayesian criterion was used to determine the optimal length of interruption, and the optimal interruption interval was estimated one. According to Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace), there are four convergence vectors between model variables and the Maximum Eigenvalue test confirms the existence of two convergence vectors between model variables. A shock in government size has boosted the resistance index of the Iranian economy. This increase has been fluctuating by the 10th year, after which it has been steadily increasing, and has continued until the 30th. Manuscript profile

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546 - Investigating and Providing Solutions to the Problems and Shortcomings of Human Resource Management in Sports Facilities in the 10th Region of Mashhad
Seyed Sohrab Mirjavadi Hemmatollah Bastami

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547 - The effect of zombie firms on the cost of debt financing with emphasis on the role of state ownership
Ali Taghavi Moghadam Samaneh Nakhaee

10.30495/afi.2022.1964756.1142

Purpose: The present study collected research-related data with the aim of investigating the effect of parasitic companies on debt financing costs with emphasis on the role of government ownership. The data of this study are post-event observations.Methodology: The meth More

Purpose: The present study collected research-related data with the aim of investigating the effect of parasitic companies on debt financing costs with emphasis on the role of government ownership. The data of this study are post-event observations.Methodology: The method of this research is applied and is descriptive-correlational in which the research background and theoretical foundations are collected through articles, libraries and the Internet. The statistical population of this study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and a systematic elimination method has been used to select the sample companies. The research period is from 2014 to 2020. In order to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables and test research hypotheses, econometric models have been used.Findings: The results showed that the presence of the parasite company among companies in the same industry affects the cost of debt financing. Public ownership does not affect the relationship between the existence of a parasite company among co-industry companies and the cost of financing.Originality / Value: Considering the confirmation of the first hypothesis and the effect of zombie companies on the cost of financing, investors are advised to pay attention to the industry situation of that company when choosing the right company and to be aware of the presence of zombie companies in it. industry to be sure, because the mentioned companies can cause the cost of financing and on the other hand reduce the profit for the companies, and this causes a decrease in the profits of the shareholders. Manuscript profile

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548 - Explaining the Strategic Pattern of Dwarf Breeding Management in Iranian Government Organizations
maryam razmjou Jafar beikzad&rlm; Nejad Irani Farhad Yahya adashkarimi

One of the foundations of the development of any society is its administrative system and management. It is obvious that an unfavorable and inefficient administrative system can facilitate and pave the way for the non-realization of the goals of development programs. Th More

One of the foundations of the development of any society is its administrative system and management. It is obvious that an unfavorable and inefficient administrative system can facilitate and pave the way for the non-realization of the goals of development programs. The main purpose of this study was to explaining the strategic pattern of dwarf breeding management in Iranian government organizations. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was all managers, deputies and high-level experts of Iranian government organizations. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 356 people using Cochran's formula and were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The research hypotheses were tested using PLS3 and SPSS software by structural equation modeling. The results showed that causal conditions have a positive and significant effect on the pivotal phenomenon, pivotal phenomenon has a positive and significant effect on strategies, contextual and intervening conditions have a positive and significant effect on strategies and also strategies have a positive and significant effect on dwarfism outcomes Manuscript profile

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549 - Meta-Analysis of E-Government Studies in Promoting Good Governance Indicators
Seyed Anoshiravan Majdzadeh sanjar salajeghe Amin Nikpour Mohammad Jalal Kamali

The present article aims to analyze the theoretical field of research conducted in the field of e-government in promoting good governance indicators, and meta-analyze the studies conducted in this regard. Considering that good governance in different societies can have More

The present article aims to analyze the theoretical field of research conducted in the field of e-government in promoting good governance indicators, and meta-analyze the studies conducted in this regard. Considering that good governance in different societies can have different meanings and types of factors, therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to make a theoretical summary in the field of factors in the analysis. The statistical population is 59 articles (25 domestic articles and 34 foreign articles) during the period from 1390 to 1402. The collection of data from the articles was based on the Prisma protocol, which was adapted to the opinion of experts. After a systematic review of the articles, meta-analysis method and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Also, after the inferential analysis of the data using linear regression and multivariate regression methods, the degree of relationship between each independent variable and then all independent variables in different dimensions with the dependent variable, i.e. good governance, was evaluated. The findings of the research show that among all the variables in the studies, accountability is the most effective variable on good governance, followed by transparency, supervision of government institutions, efficiency of government institutions and access to Public services have the greatest impact on good governance Manuscript profile

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550 - The impact of natural resource rents on entrepreneurship development (Case Study selected countries)
yousef mohammadzadeh farhad rahbar hadi ghahramani

Entrepreneurship is considered one of the most important management strategies both at the micro level of firms and the macro-economic level. Unhealthy Institutional structure and lace of dynamism of the private sector are the important obstacles in entrepreneurial path More

Entrepreneurship is considered one of the most important management strategies both at the micro level of firms and the macro-economic level. Unhealthy Institutional structure and lace of dynamism of the private sector are the important obstacles in entrepreneurial path. Among existence the variety of natural resource rents have a profound impact on the institutional structure, the size of the public sector, limitations on market mechanisms and economic freedom's activists. Considering the importance of this issue, this study paid the effect of resource rents on entrepreneurship development. To do this, panel data selection of the world with dynamic panel approach and Stata software has been used. The results show that existance of resource rents have a negative impact on the development of entrepreneurial activities in countries that have been studied. So abundant natural resources has not been used in the investment and support private sector. Examine other factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship also show that domestic production per capita, ICT, openness and the corruption control index have positive impact and government size has a negative impact on the development of entrepreneurial activities. Manuscript profile

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551 - Exploring Typology of Challenges to Fulfillment Cultural Policy Objectives In the Islamic Republic of Iran
Abdulrahman Afshari majid tavasoli Saeid Sharifi

 The purpose of this study was Exploring typology of challenges to fulfill Cultural policy objectives in Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of all experts, with 396 individuals selected as samp More

 The purpose of this study was Exploring typology of challenges to fulfill Cultural policy objectives in Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of all experts, with 396 individuals selected as sample size. Data gathering tool was researcher-made questionnaire with 40-item based on interviews with political and cultural expert. Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0.7 for all dimension; content validity was confirmed by CVR coefficient. To analyze the research data the AIC method was used as a cluster criterion evaluation. The results showed that with 13 stages of rotation three clusters (141 persons), (191 persons) and (64 persons) including 7 dimensions, lack of political consensus, lack of integrated management, political identity, political performance weakness, competing political strife, political insecurity and Political attitudes, became distinct. The first group considered the factors of political identity, the second group the weakness of political performance and the third group identified lack of political support as the most important obstacle to Realizing cultural policy objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the identity-seeking group, component of reinforcement of Western identity components in policy making, in the performance-seeking group, top-down cultural policy, and in the group of support-seeking, the tendency to resist through rituals was identified as the most important barrier to realizing cultural policy objectives.   Manuscript profile

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552 - Studying the Relationship of Factors Affecting the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Women's Access to Citizenship in Iran
nasi,osadat mahbobishariyatpanahi abdolreza eftekhari leila falahati

Todays, NGOs, as the third pillar of society and the representative of civil society, play a crucial role in accessing socially excluded groups, including women, to their citizenship rights. The most important dimension of citizenship is social citizenship, which is clo More

Todays, NGOs, as the third pillar of society and the representative of civil society, play a crucial role in accessing socially excluded groups, including women, to their citizenship rights. The most important dimension of citizenship is social citizenship, which is closely linked to the public sphere. It seems that these organizations play an important role in facilitating women's access to their citizenship, although different factors can be effective in achieving this goal.The main aim of present study was to examine the effect of factors influencing the contribution of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in women's access to social rights in Iran. This research employed a quantitative approach and survey technique using questionnaire tools to assess the assumptions. The data were collected from three groups including 30 executive gender experts, 10 NGO's managers, and 319 audiences of NGOs who were selected through stratified sampling. A descriptive-correlation approach using Spearman correlation tests and multivariate regression by SPSS software (2020) were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that social and economic factors affect the participation of non-governmental organizations in women's access citizenship in Iran. Manuscript profile

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553 - The Role of Culture Technology in Society and Culture-Based Government
Maryam Shakeri Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki

                                              More

                                                                                                          Today, there are needed to use various methods for resuscitation and promotion of rich and unique Iranian-Islamic culture. On the other hand, the use of new technologies is growing in Iran. Growing new technologies and the need for promotion of unique Iranian-Islamic culture make the study of the relationship between culture and technology essential for the preserving and promoting the culture. Using Culture Technology (CT), which is given more attention nowadays and is about to study the interaction of culture and technology, plays an important role in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of CT in the Culture-Based government and society by focusing on ubiquitous computing technologies. To this end, fist ubiquitous computing technologies and CT are addressed. Second, based on the CT thinking, the culturally enabled government and society are defined, and government organizations that play a more role in the field of CT are identified. Third, the role of CT in Culture-Based government and society is discussed by providing several CT projects. Finally, SWOT analysis is done to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of culturally enabled society in Iran. The paper shows that the Iranian government with considering CT thinking can work not only in the preserving and promoting the culture but also in improving technology in the society and towards the electronic community. Manuscript profile

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554 - Provide Strategies to Reduce Administrative Corruption in Public Organizations IT-Based Using a Combination of Analytic Network Process and Quality Function Deployment Model QFD
Mohammad Ali Afshar

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555 - Studying the Factors Affecting the Development of Business Schools
GHASEM REZAEI elham kaviyani maryam eslampanah sosan laei

AbstractThe present study was designed and implemented to investigate the factors affecting the development of business schools in Sport. The present research was mixed research carried out in qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the study More

AbstractThe present study was designed and implemented to investigate the factors affecting the development of business schools in Sport. The present research was mixed research carried out in qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the study includes entrepreneurship and business experts, administrators and experts in the field of education as well as university professors related to the field of entrepreneurship and education. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and interview. In the quantitative analysis section, Structural Equation Method with Python approach is used. The qualitative research results showed that 35 characteristics were extracted through interviews, which included seven categories of needs. These needs are strategic requirements, technical infrastructure, managerial platforms, scientific and practical content, facilitation, motivational features and government support. The results of the research showed that among the identified factors for developing business schools, the motivational features were determined with the impact of 0.917 of the most important needs. Also, the results of this study showed that government support with an impact of 904/0 as well as scientific and practical content with an impact of 893/0 are among other factors affecting the development of business schools in Sport.  Manuscript profile

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556 - .
محمد کمالی گوکی Ardshir kazemi mohammadjavad soltani

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557 - About the jurisdiction of the Government repression of the freedom of the people in line with the criminalization With an emphasis on Islamic Republic of Iran
tahereh mahmood soltani mohamadreza abbasifard

In the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly More

In the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly affected its political ideology, and it is something in the political does believe; if librali freedom of people or other political concepts to the principle of criminal policy to know, necessity and ghirakifri interventions-in case srkobgraneh-deal crime tend to be based on the political dimension, or if your Government maintains institutions based on relevant government authority or other security considerations are also the necessity of legislation on aspects of the crime of providing hard, restrictive laws and approval of the invasive and often of freedom of citizens believing they find ‌; however, has always been between the Government, religious and democratic principles of legitimacy and ghirdini in the range of powers of the State in the Affairs of the Special legislation and the various differences there is lots of crime negligent treatment; hence the Islamic Republic of Iran Democratic religious Government; as ‌ (a religious democracy) includes the first batch Manuscript profile

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558 - Political and social implications of Seyyed Hossein Nasr's Philosophy
mohammad taheri khonakdari مجید توسلی رکن آبادی

Seyyed Hossein Nasr is among philosophers concerned mainly with the mystical philosophical tradition (Islam) and in this regard, he wrote over 50 books and 550 articles and now in the eighty decade of his life, he is still energetic and motivated, engaging still in his More

Seyyed Hossein Nasr is among philosophers concerned mainly with the mystical philosophical tradition (Islam) and in this regard, he wrote over 50 books and 550 articles and now in the eighty decade of his life, he is still energetic and motivated, engaging still in his scientific activity. This will double the importance of analysis of his thought. Since there is no explicit referral to the political matter in Nasr's philosophy, understanding the political implications of his views and thoughts is extremely difficult apparent in this study, in some of his ideas that are based on a hermeneutic approach. The aim of the present paper is to understand the social and political aspects of Nasr's thought. In a clear and hypothetical answer to the questions related to the political and social implications of Seyyed Hossein Nasr's thought, it may be stated that he focuses his thoughts on the role of theosophy and Islamic rationality. Manuscript profile

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559 - Political rights of people in exercising control over the state
Ali Kazemzadeh

Political rights are part of human rights that address human rights in the field of politics, including matters such as the right to determine their political destiny and political rights, and the right to political freedoms. The right to determine their fate and politi More

Political rights are part of human rights that address human rights in the field of politics, including matters such as the right to determine their political destiny and political rights, and the right to political freedoms. The right to determine their fate and political destiny is the most important political right; the public domain is common to human beings and is the voice of the people. Public service providers are responsible for selecting people to do this service, Capture and interference in the public domain is not permitted without the consent and consent of the people; in the democratic system, the criterion of enjoying public rights is the consent of the majority with respect for minority rights, including the right to political participation, including the right to self determination, the right of the people to participate in Elections and referendums, the right to participate in decisions, the right of citizens to have access to government offices, the right to criticize and protest, the right to dismiss, the right to choose leaders, , they will elect another or choose not to participate in it. Through which they announce their dissatisfaction and apply regulatory tools to the governing body. Manuscript profile

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560 - a
مهدی مرادی مسعود جعفری نژاد احمد آذین علیرضا گلشنی

سرمایه اجتماعی که در دهه های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه اندیشمندان و متفکران حوزه علوم اجتماعی قرار گرفته است، مفهومی کلان بوده و دربردارنده ابعاد متعدد اجتماعی همچون اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی، هنجارها و وجوه گوناگون پیوندها، همکاری، اعتماد متقابل و ارتباطات میان اعضای یک شبکه More

سرمایه اجتماعی که در دهه های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه اندیشمندان و متفکران حوزه علوم اجتماعی قرار گرفته است، مفهومی کلان بوده و دربردارنده ابعاد متعدد اجتماعی همچون اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی، هنجارها و وجوه گوناگون پیوندها، همکاری، اعتماد متقابل و ارتباطات میان اعضای یک شبکه است. با توجه به این مهم، تحقیق حاضر به بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی(با سه بعد ساختاری، شناختی و ارتباطی) در توسعه اجتماعی و سیاسی ایران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی پرداخته است. این تحقیق به روش آمیخته (کمّی و کیفی) صورت گرفته است و جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش در بخش کمّی شامل 600 نفر از دانشگاهیان شهر تهران در سال 1398 و در فاز کیفی شامل 12 نفر از صاحب نظران مسائل توسعه، استادان دانشگاه بود که با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی فازی اطلاعات آنها گردآوری و تحلیل شد. تکنیک دلفی فازی به عنوان تاییدی بر یافته های کمی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد توسعه سیاسی جوامع دانشگاهی بر سرمایه اجتماعی اثر گذار بوده است. به عبارتی، بین متغیرهای توسعه سیاسی (متغیر وابسته ) و سرمایه اجتماعی (متغیر مستقل) همبستگی معناداری وجود دارد. در کل، می توان اشاره داشت که 3/42% از تغییرات متغیر وابسته یعنی توسعه سیاسی (حق رأی و شرکت در انتخابات و اجتماعات) به کمک متغیر مستقل (سرمایه اجتماعی) قابل تبیین است. یافته های تکنیک دلفی فازی حکایت از توافق تقریبا کامل(بالای 70 درصد) خبرگان در مورد تاثیر شاخص های سرمایه اجتماعی بر توسعه سیاسی و اجتماعی در ایران دارد. Manuscript profile

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561 - Influence of good governance in respect of human rights
seyed zeinalabedin mousavi Housein aghaei jannat makan nourmohammad nowruzi

Human rights demands have increased human rights around the world. Public opinion has more responsibility for governments than ever before. These developments have contributed to the spread of universal human rights. As a result, some personal and collective rights have More

Human rights demands have increased human rights around the world. Public opinion has more responsibility for governments than ever before. These developments have contributed to the spread of universal human rights. As a result, some personal and collective rights have been promoted and more important. International humanitarian law is under way in pursuit of human rights, and the issue of human rights and good governance has been placed on the agenda of international institutions and has led to the issuance of international documents The total of these developments has increased the expectations of the good governance of society and sees the way to guarantee and respect human rights in a kind of governance that has changed the concept of "good governance". Good governance is the ideal form of government that governs public affairs on the basis of indicators such as accountability, rule of law, accountability, government efficiency, the fight against corruption, central justice and the right to comment, and guarantees human rights.This type of governance is seriously addressed in response to human rights demands and the pursuit of democracy, in the field of public law and, of course, in international documents, and has been emphasized by international law in international treaties and emphasized by the majority of international lawyers. The author that observance and guarantee of human rights are not possible except in the light of good governance.Human rights implementation ensures the implementation of human rights indicators that achieve good governance and ensure the implementation of human rights. Manuscript profile

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562 - The Examination of the Role of Intellectuals in Reza Khan Getting into Power
Bizhan Mirzaei MORTEZA MAHMODI ali karimi meleh ali asghar zargar

Reza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significan More

Reza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significant role in making Reza Khan get into power through their intellectual and practical support should be mentioned. The intellectuals of this period considered the saving path of country in establishment of "authorized government", "expansion of nationalism" and "authoritarian modernization" by avoiding the constitutional ideals and perceived the satisfaction of these ideas in Reza Khan's personality. Thus, in their publications which they published until Reza Khan Kingdom, they pursued these ideas and were united in fulfillment of them through establishment of a superior and concentrated political power. The coalition between Reza Khan and intellectuals leads to enhancement of political status of Reza Khan and succeeded in providing a map for his future government which he tried to implement during his 20 years of presence in politics Manuscript profile

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563 - Investigating the role of e-government in the implementation of quality oil export policies of the Ministry of Oil of the Islamic Republic of Iran By providing an optimal model
Younes Bahadori Sanjar Salajeghe samaneh mahdizadeh amin Nikpour

the purpose of this research is to identify the roles of e-government in implementing quality oil export policy from customers' perspectives. International and local organizations are responsible for providing such services. In this study, by studying the organizations More

the purpose of this research is to identify the roles of e-government in implementing quality oil export policy from customers' perspectives. International and local organizations are responsible for providing such services. In this study, by studying the organizations in charge of oil exports and also examining different and diverse managers of international affairs and customers of oil cargo shipping lines and other studies in the energy sector, different areas (information systems, e-commerce and marketing) a desirable and effective model. In order to assess the roles of e-government affecting the implementation of the quality policy of government oil exports from the perspective of those in charge of oil export organizations, development and analysis has been given. Empowering integrated services, transparency and effective accountability, e-participation and decision-making, service development and reducing the digital divide, and linking all of these roles to global competitiveness and ranking have been suggested as factors in the success and effectiveness of e-government roles. A coherent and efficient process resulting from the analysis of native functions has been tested. To test the proposed model, Kharg Island Oil Terminal Company, which is known as the key organization in charge of providing oil exports to international customers, was selected as the research area and used as a quantitative approach to test the research model. In this method, "statistical correlation analysis" is used to test the hypotheses. The results of the analysis showed that all the roles introduced in the implementation of this model and the proposed relationships are approved. Manuscript profile

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564 - The Extent of the Government's Economic and Social Commitments in the Liberal Thought Approach
alireza asgari Mansoor Farrokhi yaser rostaei Hossein Ebadi

Citizenship or public and citizenship rights are a set of civil, political, social and economic rights that a person enjoys as a citizen of a state. The design of the dimensions of citizenship rights, in particular as it relates to the state, is closely linked to our th More

Citizenship or public and citizenship rights are a set of civil, political, social and economic rights that a person enjoys as a citizen of a state. The design of the dimensions of citizenship rights, in particular as it relates to the state, is closely linked to our theoretical foundations and our conception of 'people's position'. Citizenship is a broad set of political, economic, social, and cultural rights that focuses on citizens' duties and responsibilities to the state and society. The Islamic view in this regard is fundamentally different from other law schools. Citizenship is a legal status defined by civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. In this sense, a citizen is a person who has the right to act within the meaning of the Freedom of Law and has the right to claim legal protection. Social life and the formation of government in society have requirements that require the interaction of the state and the nation. The fundamental views and foundations of public law in each country, in addition to explaining the formation and legitimacy of government, also regulate the relationship between government and the people. The Study of Citizenship Although the rights and duties of the people towards the community or the government are addressed under various headings, including the rights of the state to the people Manuscript profile

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565 - Government, Civil Society and Social Capital in Iran (Review of 1962-1761)
seyedeh leila mousavi ahmad saei

In recent years, many topics have been raised about social capital in the scientific community of Iran. Considering the importance of social capital in the functioning of societies in different fields, one of the most important issues discussed in this topic is the ways More

In recent years, many topics have been raised about social capital in the scientific community of Iran. Considering the importance of social capital in the functioning of societies in different fields, one of the most important issues discussed in this topic is the ways and How to boost and, on the other hand, the weakening of social capital. In this regard, several factors are mentioned at both macro and micro levels. It seems that despite the multitude of issues related to the issue of strengthening or weakening social capital, the role of the state has been somewhat neglected and has been neglected. In this paper, considering the presence of the government as a top performer in the socio-political sphere of Iran, over the past many centuries, to this day, the role of the government in the context of weakening social capital, especially as regards participation as one of The key components of social capital are emphasized. The findings show that during the years 2005 to 1392, we have been faced with the weakening of social capital in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

566 - An Investigation of Underdeveloped Iran in the Qajar Era From the point of view of the conceptual model of the soft government of Myrdal
zahra aryakian aliakbar amini ahoura rahbar asghar keivan hosseini

10.30495/psq.2021.674381

In this paper, using the descriptive-analytical method and the method of documentary collection, it is attempted to delineate the underdeveloped Iran in the Qajar era with respect to the role of government policy and characteristics from the viewpoint of Myrdal. How can More

In this paper, using the descriptive-analytical method and the method of documentary collection, it is attempted to delineate the underdeveloped Iran in the Qajar era with respect to the role of government policy and characteristics from the viewpoint of Myrdal. How can Iran's underdevelopment in the Qajar era be explained by the role and peculiarities of the soft government from Myrdal's point of view? Findings indicate that the Iranian society in the Qajar era, which coincided with industrial development in the West, was increasingly exposed to the outside and the aforementioned developments, while at the same time having many problems within it, most notably Referring to the arbitrary rule of kings, the failure to enforce the rule of law in the country, the disobedience of powerful community groups including the Qajar dynasty, landlord aristocrats, tribal elders and merchants of existing laws and regulations, as well as widespread bureaucratic corruption. The soft government of Myrdal is in the political structure of Iran, which led to the Qajar era Lack the ability to enforce law, control internal affairs, and compel various groups to enforce state laws and regulations, as well as to take serious action to root out corruption at various levels and thus impede the development and implementation of modernization programs in the country. Let this era be created. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

567 - Civil disobedience as an opportunity for accountable governments and good citizens
hamid vatankhah Mohsen Zarifkar Fard hamid zarabi Roohollah Rahimi

One of the most important issues for public law and political science theorists is how to regulate the relationship between government and citizens and why all kinds of social actions against the government. The question is, if governments replace the "Rule by Law&rdquo More

One of the most important issues for public law and political science theorists is how to regulate the relationship between government and citizens and why all kinds of social actions against the government. The question is, if governments replace the "Rule by Law” with the “Rule of Law", how can citizens force governments to cancel or amend their performance or reform their actions? Civil disobedience is one of the effective methods in this regard. The findings of this research indicate that acceptance of civil disobedience as an opportunity for continuous improvement of laws and regulations and government decisions and adequate and transparent response to the social demands of citizens should be the criterion for the behavior and performance of both government and citizens. In a way that neither public security is threatened nor the rights and freedoms of citizens are ignored. If governments want to enact laws and regulations regardless of social realities and the demands of the people, civil disobedience is an appropriate and effective way for citizens to deal with them. So law-abiding and accountable governments consider civil disobedience as an opportunity to take advantage of constructive criticism from good citizens who are not indifferent to the political and social fate of society and stand up to the government and the community knows responsible and committed. Library method was used to collect data and descriptive-analytical method was used for correct analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

568 - International Atomic Energy Agency framework for maintaining international peace and security
Fariba Fadaee abu mohammad asagarkhani Moradi Maryam

Efforts to regulate the behavior of actors in the international arena in order to maintain international peace and security have always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Human access to nuclear technology, meanwhile, has raised concerns about its use for non-peace More

Efforts to regulate the behavior of actors in the international arena in order to maintain international peace and security have always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Human access to nuclear technology, meanwhile, has raised concerns about its use for non-peaceful purposes. Therefore, the International Atomic Energy Agency was established with the aim of developing and peaceful use of nuclear energy to systematize the performance of governments in the use of this technology. With this description, the question arises as to what framework and mechanism the International Atomic Energy Agency Seeks to maintain international peace and security? Examination of the relevant documents reveals that the International Atomic Energy Agency monitors the obligations of States under non-proliferation treaties in the form of temporary, routine and special inspections, and if a Member State fails to comply and the breach is not remedied within a reasonable time, the Agency , Reports the relevant violation to the Security Council. Manuscript profile

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569 - Necessities and non necessity Foucault reading of power
Afshin Eshkevar kiaei Ali Ashraf Nazari ahmad saee Kamal pooladi

10.30495/psq.2021.1930013.2061

Understanding the nature of "power" from ancient political philosophy to modern philosophy has been considered in various ways, but here we analyze the concept of power from Foucault's methodological point of view, which had many critiques of different views of power. I More

Understanding the nature of "power" from ancient political philosophy to modern philosophy has been considered in various ways, but here we analyze the concept of power from Foucault's methodological point of view, which had many critiques of different views of power. In this research, we first seek to understand the concept of power from Foucault's point of view and then examine the difference between his perception and that of others. Accordingly, the question that this article seeks to answer is what exactly does Foucault mean by power and what does not, and what is the meaning of power in Foucault's method apparatus? in this study, to answer this question, since the discussion of power in Foucault's genealogical method is an important and central concept, and Foucault himself always tried to express his distinction from the concept of power and others' understanding of power; Here we have also tried to examine this concept in Foucault's methodology in two parts called what is not power and what is power With a qualitative research approach and a descriptive method and through documentary and library study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

570 - Critique of the two perspectives of Western democracy and religious democracy from the perspective of Iranian intellectuals
davuod khoshbavar

10.30495/psq.2022.1905430.1856

Democracy and democracy are among the topics that are discussed in many scientific and even political circles, now the question arises whether there is a difference between Western democracy and religious democracy? Different views of Islamic thinkers in the affirmation More

Democracy and democracy are among the topics that are discussed in many scientific and even political circles, now the question arises whether there is a difference between Western democracy and religious democracy? Different views of Islamic thinkers in the affirmation of religious and Islamic democracy, including the Imams of the Revolution, Shahid Motahari and several other religious leaders, are considered, who believe in religious democracy because in a society full of religious people value Religious beliefs play an essential role in the public sphere of society. In common democracies, the common denominator is the participation of the people through the method of representation and referendum, and on the other hand, those who believe in secular or Western democracy, Religious democracy is considered as a combination of two words, democracy and religion, and it is not considered as an original, independent concept and definition, and it is considered to have various ambiguities, or religion is considered to limit the principle of democracy, because in their opinion, religion with Democracy cannot be summed up and it is an imposed, artificial and unattainable word like Mohammad Reza Darvish who believes in liberal democracy. While many Islamic theorists do not consider the term religious democracy as a compound word, but a single truth in the essence of the Islamic system. That is, if a religion is to be formed on the basis of religion, it is not possible without the acceptance of the people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

571 - The results of non-recognition of the Taliban government by international assemblies
Ahmad khaled Rabani

10.30495/psq.2023.1990823.2219

AbstractWith the withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan, the Taliban regained power. Withdrawal of American forces and at the same time headMeeting the Taliban could not be done without coordination and negotiation with America and the countries of the region, however More

AbstractWith the withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan, the Taliban regained power. Withdrawal of American forces and at the same time headMeeting the Taliban could not be done without coordination and negotiation with America and the countries of the region, however, what happenedThe fall of the new Taliban government is with a radical interpretation of Islam. The West and especially America, although in coming to powerThe Taliban played a role, but they have not recognized this government until now. Failure to recognize the Taliban as a governmentbased in Afghanistan will have consequences for the region and Afghanistan. As a result of this research with the aim of examining the resultsOther countries have not recognized the Taliban government in Afghanistan. The results of the findingsThe research shows that not recognizing the Taliban will cause four major crises for Afghanistan, which include stagnationeconomic, human rights crisis, reduction of political relations and disrespect of the government at the national and transnational level. so it canHe said that the countries of the region and the West are at a crossroads against the Taliban. On the other hand, it is possible to identify the Talibancause the spread of terrorism and violence in the region, on the other hand, not identifying the Taliban can lead to a crisis oreven a human disaster in Afghanistan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

572 - The evolution of the rule of law from the perspective of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
payam ghanizadeh

10.30495/psq.2021.684522

In the new age, there are two views on the rule of law, which is one of the most fundamental principles of modern governance; Hobbesian approach to the rule of law and the Russian approach, in which both approaches share the idea of a social contract. Hobbes considere More

In the new age, there are two views on the rule of law, which is one of the most fundamental principles of modern governance; Hobbesian approach to the rule of law and the Russian approach, in which both approaches share the idea of a social contract. Hobbes considered the ruler of the pyramid of society, the ruler, to be the basis of law, and intended unlimited power for the governing body, which was given to him by the first agreement between the people and the ruler. There is no power. In another plan of the rule of law, which derives from Rousseau's philosophical point of view, the public will is the source of law and in a higher position than the ruler. This idea became the basis for extensive changes in the relationship between government and citizens in the new era, which was reflected in the French Revolution. During the 19th and 20th centuries, with all the changes that took place in legal discourse, the importance of this Russian view of the rule of law as the basis for real democracy rather than formal democracy increased. Therefore, in this article, we have tried to compare these two approaches to the rule of law and show the innovative aspects of Rousseau's social contract. This descriptive-analytical research is an introduction to the broader and deeper research in the political thought of these two prominent theorists in the modern world, with an emphasis on the evolution of the concept and basis of the rule of law in the new era. Manuscript profile

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573 - Explain the performance and compare the constructive government of a justice-oriented government on the class divide
Faramarz Nemati miri Reza shirzadi mirebrahim SEDDIGH

10.30495/psq.2022.1961422.2158

The main purpose of this article is to explain the performance of the construction period and compare it with the performance of the axis justice period and their effect on the class gap. Since the formation of the Islamic Revolution, different governments have taken ov More

The main purpose of this article is to explain the performance of the construction period and compare it with the performance of the axis justice period and their effect on the class gap. Since the formation of the Islamic Revolution, different governments have taken over the executive helm of the country, and now large and varied programs have been implemented, the effect of which has been the division of classes in the society. they have the highest annual income and consumption at the point opposite to the 10th decile. The amount of income between each decile is called the class gap. The class gap is one of the main problems of the society that can cause the country to face crisis. In response to this hypothesis, it is proposed that in the construction and justice-oriented government, with different approaches and the application of personal and partisan thinking in the path of development and development programs, social justice and the elimination of deprivation have been looked at differently, which has made the improvement of this process face problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

574 - Model of Good Governance, Community and Government Partners to Effectively
Seyed Javad Emam Jomee Zade Amir Masuod Shahramnia Roohallah Safariyan Garmekhani

Development as a key concept after World War II and from 1960 onwards was raised. From then on planning, processes and procedures both at the micro level and at the macro development in each country in order to achieve the set. In this connection, the approaches and mul More

Development as a key concept after World War II and from 1960 onwards was raised. From then on planning, processes and procedures both at the micro level and at the macro development in each country in order to achieve the set. In this connection, the approaches and multiple patterns have been proposed by theorists of social sciences. The newest approach to development is the establishment of indices of good governance. Indicators that organized social and political system on a particular format and with special system settings based on both the negative and the positive. Based on the fundamental question that arises:1- What will affect the pattern of good governance and the structure of thesocial system?2- This pattern of the social organization how affects development management? In this study, we show analytical method The indices of good governance and the establishment of synergies and partnerships between The main actors of development .The government, civil society and the private sector will be organized Accessorysociety and efficient government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

575 - Evolution of Citizenship Concept In The Globalization Process
Behrooz Deilam Salehi

Aiming at citizenship organ, as a bio-national center of gravity, globalization results in displacement of such “center of gravity” such a way that a bio-innovation called “bio-globalization” is appearing in 21st century. “Bio-globalization More

Aiming at citizenship organ, as a bio-national center of gravity, globalization results in displacement of such “center of gravity” such a way that a bio-innovation called “bio-globalization” is appearing in 21st century. “Bio-globalization” is a type of life in which not only national and home-made commitments, responsibilities, and rights are considered valuable but also humans achieve a level of knowledge based on that they are responsible globally for meta-national values and human instructions. In the present research, this hypothesis is tested: globalization causes a situation in which human knowledge and responsibility are treated meta-nationally because of information revolution and finally such knowledge and responsibility are linked to common social values. According to this, the concept of national citizenship in 21st century will not be fixed in future; on the other hand, a novel aspect of citizenship is appearing in 21st century called “meta-national or global citizenship”.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

576 - Designing the model of flexibility of human resources in the conditions of merger in Iran's government organizations
Nasrin Jazani nahid azimian javad mehrabi

Nowadays, the flexible human force is the most important factor in responding to changes in the external environment, and after that, among the various strategies for the growth and development of organizations, mergers and acquisitions have become increasingly popular. More

Nowadays, the flexible human force is the most important factor in responding to changes in the external environment, and after that, among the various strategies for the growth and development of organizations, mergers and acquisitions have become increasingly popular. The purpose of the present study is to provide a model of flexibility of human resources in the conditions of integration. The research method is practical in terms of its purpose. The present research is mixed. The participants of the research are human resources specialists and experts who worked in the ministries of sports and youth before and after the merger, and university experts including professors in the field of human resources who have been teaching and researching in this field for at least 10 years. give In the current research, among the types of mixed research methods, an exploratory design of categorization type was used. In this project, qualitative data was first obtained through structured interviews, and in the second step, we will examine the relationships between indicators and factors of the model using interpretive structural modeling, and then use the Mic-Mc matrix to examine the degree of dependence and influence of each factor. One of the factors will be discussed. The presented model of the flexibility of human resources in the conditions of integration has 6 main themes, 21 sub-themes and 41 sub-indices and three levels of strategy (management, personnel, adjustment and proportionality).the management after the merger. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

577 - Political sociology of political developments of the Qajar government from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory
Ghasem Gol hoseini Manije Kazemi SHAHRZAD sasanpour Davood Ebrahimpoor

The main goal of the present study was to analyze political sociological developments of the Qajar government from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory. In this article, the following research questions are investigated: How can the political More

The main goal of the present study was to analyze political sociological developments of the Qajar government from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory. In this article, the following research questions are investigated: How can the political developments of the Qajar dynasty be analyzed from the point of view of Vilfredo Pareto's elite circulation theory? What was the role of the elites in creating the changes of the Qajar period? The research method was practical in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it was qualitative in a documentary and library style, and aslo data collection tools were slips and note-taking. Pareto introduces the circulation of elites in the history of societies as a necessary and natural factor in the direction of progress. The political sociological analysis of the political developments of the Qajar regime showed that, lack of circulation of elites in the society of the Qajar era caused the imbalance of the political system and the inappropriate response to political and social developments, in addition to proving the inefficiency of the official elites, it stopped entering new elites in the political domain. With the fall of the tsarist government in Russia, the Qajar government, which relied on the political structure of tribal kings, suffered social disintegration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

578 - Financial sociology and the relationship between government and society in contemporary Iran
mehdi esmaeili majid tavasoli rokn abadi

Many efforts have been made to explain the reasons for the formation of the construction and the nature of the state power. The reasons for the development of such a nature, due to the principles of social, political and economic construction, have led to differences of More

Many efforts have been made to explain the reasons for the formation of the construction and the nature of the state power. The reasons for the development of such a nature, due to the principles of social, political and economic construction, have led to differences of opinion in this regard, which in most cases do not have the necessary qualities to explain and describe the current situation. In contemporary Iranian history, the state has a different foundation with European societies due to its independent nature and its origin and function. Given the socio-political changes of contemporary Iran, especially from the history of access to oil revenues, the government in Iran has evolved as a superior power over classes in its own evolution. In other words, the state's independence evolved not in the context of the competition of social forces and the balance of the class, but in the context of the weakness of classes and social groups. In this context, various ideas have been developed in the study of the construction of government in Iran and its relation to society. In this paper, we are going to look at some of the most important comments of this field on some of their theoretical inefficiencies and argue that the approach of financial sociology can better explain the relations between government and society in contemporary Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

579 - Investigating the human resources management of Maskan Bank with the role of modern government management
Habibullah Fallah Asadollah Mehrara Mojtaba Tabari

In view of technological advances, in order to fulfill the will of society and government organizations, they must transform and modernize their structure in accordance with these advances. The purpose of this study is human resource management model based on a new gove More

In view of technological advances, in order to fulfill the will of society and government organizations, they must transform and modernize their structure in accordance with these advances. The purpose of this study is human resource management model based on a new government management approach. In the present study, a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was used to collect data. In the qualitative part, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and using the opinions of 12 experts, and in the quantitative part, information was collected. The interviews were analyzed using three-step coding method (open coding, axial coding and selective coding). In the qualitative part, the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and in the quantitative part, 391 clients of the Housing Bank formed the sample size and completed the questionnaires. Finally, the components of human resource management were formulated and proposed based on the modern government management approach (principle of privatization, principle of decentralization, principle of downsizing, principle of management, decentralization). Also, the present research and identification and development of components and design of human resource management model, our view on human resource management and sustainable development, is a systematic view to promote human capital, which is the main factor in differentiating organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to try to design a human resources model in the housing bank in such a way that by creating a dynamic organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

580 - The Imaging of Glass Government For Increase Satisfaction, Transparency and Development in Governmental Executive Organizations
Atefeh Ya&#039;aqoubi Masoud Ahmadi Rahman Qaffari

Transparency has a long history as a fundamental principle for public administration and governance, and governments today need to strengthen the rule of law, regulatory quality, and corruption control in order to achieve a glass government. The aim of present study is More

Transparency has a long history as a fundamental principle for public administration and governance, and governments today need to strengthen the rule of law, regulatory quality, and corruption control in order to achieve a glass government. The aim of present study is determining the imaging pattern of the glass government in order to increase the transparency of governmental organizasions. The mix method is used and the research design is exploratory mixed research(qualitative-quantitative) with the method of theme analysis and structural equation modeling (quantitative). In the qualitative section, using the "snowball" sampling method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 managers and senior executive experts, academic experts, IT section and regulatory agencies. In the quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher made questionnaire with multi-stage relative stratified sampling method was distributed among 384 employees of the executive organs of Mazandaran province and the data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results of the qualitative part indicate that the glass government imaging model in order to increase transparency, has 11 main themes and 35 sub-themes as follows: Organizational culture, Rules and regulations, Allocation of resources, Accountability, Formation of public oversight, Fight against financial-administrative corruption, Public accountability, Financial-Administrative Health, Satisfaction, Organizational transparency And Organizational progress. The results of the quantitative section showed that the structural relationships between the main themes of the glass government imaging model were confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

581 - Depicting the competencies necessary for the development of human resources of the people's government in the horizon of 1404
jalal rizaneh

success of the people's government is to ensure the existence of competent and effective (desirable) employees in the country's government system. The presence of such employees can help the people's government in fulfilling its mission and in the administration of just More

success of the people's government is to ensure the existence of competent and effective (desirable) employees in the country's government system. The presence of such employees can help the people's government in fulfilling its mission and in the administration of justice. Futuristic science is the systematic study of possible, probable, and desirable futures. Imagery is a creative effort to visualize, recognize, and purposefully build possible, probable, and desirable futures based on external facts, whose main purpose is to warn, or create a favorable situation. The purpose of this research is to discover the image of the most key competencies required for the development of human resources of the people's government until the horizon of 1404.Since exploring the mental world and experiences of people and extracting their attitudes requires the use of qualitative research methods, the grounded theory method was used to conduct the research. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and after reaching theoretical saturation, necessary data were collected and analyzed by conducting interviews with 35 qualified officials. data set collected after the process of continuous data comparison and open, central and selective coding, in the form of 393 primary codes, 31 concepts, 11 categories and 5 classes, "image of human resources competencies of the popular government in the horizon of 1404" organization became. Considering the possible conditions in the coming years, this picture explains the set of personality, attitude, behavior, skills and competencies of the jihadi manager and employee who tries to work effectively in the people's government. Manuscript profile

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582 - Governmental and administrative terminologies in “History of Sistan”
Vagiheh Panahi

Moslems according to Koran (49:13) Sura Hogarat which states: “ We have created you as male and female and divided you into tribes in order to get acquainted with each other” have paid special attention to civil and urban society, and scientists such as Fara More

Moslems according to Koran (49:13) Sura Hogarat which states: “ We have created you as male and female and divided you into tribes in order to get acquainted with each other” have paid special attention to civil and urban society, and scientists such as Farabi  introduced utopia as a place where people gather and help each other.  Historians and geographers in their works, spoke about different aspects of civil life.  One of their innovations was the compilation of independent books about the history of towns among which history of Nayshapour, Sistan, Bokhara, Qom and Bayhaghi remain to this day. In these books, one comes across many civic terms, administrative social institutions, and various professions which are valuable for investigating civil discussions regarding administrative legal systems governing the cities.  History of Sistan apart from  historical social discussions, contains many social, administrative, govermental terms and expressions which are fully discussed in the text. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

583 - An overview of artificial intelligence governance in e-government (challenges, benefits)
kamran yeganegi

Despite the increasing growth in the field of artificial intelligence, many organizational managers have not yet been able to establish a good relationship with this technology. Getting your head around artificial intelligence, like any new technology that comes with a More

Despite the increasing growth in the field of artificial intelligence, many organizational managers have not yet been able to establish a good relationship with this technology. Getting your head around artificial intelligence, like any new technology that comes with a lot of hype and media controversy, can be confusing, and even experts in artificial intelligence can hardly keep up with the momentary developments of this technology. The present research tries to comprehensively examine behind the curtain the impact of this mysterious and powerful technology in the intelligentization of human resources management by means of thematic analysis. For this purpose, the findings of the latest studies conducted in the field of artificial intelligence, focusing on human resource management and the use of e-government, from international scientific-research publications were considered. After categorizing and coding the mentioned data, finally, the theoretical narrative of the research was compiled and presented. The mentioned findings were counted in five major codes, including the challenges facing artificial intelligence with nine components, professional ethics with seven components, electronic government system with six components, administrative system with seven components, and the intelligentization of governments with four components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

584 - Abstract Criticism and analysis of the proofs of preserving the Islamic system by considering the approach of hadiths
ali Rashidi Mohammad Jafari harandi ahmad rezvani mofrad

One of the important issues regarding political issues is the issue of preserving the Islamic system. The importance of this issue is that many behaviors and political decisions are based on it. Regarding the need to preserve the system, several reasons have been presen More

One of the important issues regarding political issues is the issue of preserving the Islamic system. The importance of this issue is that many behaviors and political decisions are based on it. Regarding the need to preserve the system, several reasons have been presented, among which are several traditions that have been narrated from the innocents (PBUH) and have been cited by jurists as well. In this article, we will examine and revise these citations and answer this question, whether the citation of hadiths regarding the need to preserve the Islamic system has been done correctly? The current research has analyzed the narrations in terms of citation and reasoning method with descriptive analytical research method. Regarding the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, several hadiths have been cited to prove the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, some of which lack the necessary reasoning and logic to prove the aforementioned ruling. In this research, these hadiths have been identified and criticized, and other authentic hadiths have been counted and examined, and more logical arguments and arguments have been presented to strengthen the related hadiths, and this proves that maintaining the Islamic system is one of the obligatory obligations and the realization It can have valuable results, including acceptance and political stability for the Islamic government in the world of politics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

585 - Families of Fuzzy Sets and Lattice Isomorphisms Preparation
John Mordeson Sunil Mathew

10.30495/TFSS.2024.1119653

In this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessa More

In this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessarily be carried over using these isomorphisms. We illustrate this using techniques from the study of human trafficking and its analysis using mathematics of uncertainty. We also consider the new definition of fuzzy set provided by Trillas and de Soto. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

586 - The concepts and hints arisen from occupations and posts in the poems of the Teimurid era
Ali Kabili maryam mohammadzadeh Reza aghayari zahed

The recognition of business methods of a society is known as one of the different approaches to gain an accurate knowledge of that society and the individual and social lives of the people. Since the Teimurid era has been a vaguely understood era throughout the history More

The recognition of business methods of a society is known as one of the different approaches to gain an accurate knowledge of that society and the individual and social lives of the people. Since the Teimurid era has been a vaguely understood era throughout the history in Iran, the present research is going to investigate about the introduction of occupations and professions in the Teimurid’s era through collecting the data using a library study method utilizing a descriptive research method to probe and recognize the existence of different jobs within the Teimurid era looking through different poems composed in that historical period. We have done the current study to recognize which occupations and posts were present in the Teimurid’s era through which Teimur tried to revive the business movement and expanded the different businesses. Then, we have tried to acknowledge the readers about the different posts, vocabularies and expressions related with different jobs mentioned in the poems composed within the Teimurid’s era. We would like to investigate and analyze how these expressions and hints were referred to by the different poets and enlighten the readers about literary works in Persian specifically in the Teimurid’s era. Findings showed that there have been different governmental, industrial, and business occupations and services in that era. Some of these occupations and professions are extinct now and some have been changed into other similar jobs. The poets of this era have utilized many vocabularies and expressions related with different occupations and professions in order to achieve several goals such as literary creativeness, inspiration of artistic thoughts, and the creation of novel concepts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

587 - Paying a bribe in order to achieve the right (criticism of popular opinion, with a social approach to jurisprudence)
Alireza Norouzi seyed mojtaba mirdamadi Ebrahim Safikhani

The sublime laws of Islam are legislated with the aim of perfection and happiness of the society and its people. The sanctity of bribery is one of the divine commandments that has been stated to prevent social and economic corruption and violation of rights. The sanctit More

The sublime laws of Islam are legislated with the aim of perfection and happiness of the society and its people. The sanctity of bribery is one of the divine commandments that has been stated to prevent social and economic corruption and violation of rights. The sanctity of bribery is common among all Muslim sects. However, an issue that has always been a subject of debate is the ruling on paying bribes in order to fulfill the right, especially in the case of exclusive rights. By analyzing and criticizing the bases and arguments of the views proposed in this field, the present research has chosen the unpopular theory and reached the conclusion that bribery in order to achieve justice is absolutely forbidden for the bribe giver and the bribe taker. In order to find the answer to the problem, after analyzing and correctly addressing each of the points of view, and in addition to applying the principles of Muslim jurisprudence, finally, with the governmental and social approach to jurisprudence, as well as using the method of gathering suspicion, the problem has been solved. Manuscript profile

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