Understanding the Effectiveness of NGOs in the Environmental Sustainable Development of the Central Province in Iran by Survey Research
Subject Areas :
Sustainable Development
roya hasanzadeh
1
,
Mohammad Hossien Asadi Davood Abadi
2
,
Ali Roshanaie
3
1 - Economic and Development Sociology– Iranian Social Issues Ph. D student, Faculty of Humanities, Ashtian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor of Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Ashtian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian, Iran.( corresponding author)
3 - Assistant Professor of Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Ashtian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian, Iran.
Received: 2021-12-09
Accepted : 2022-01-30
Published : 2023-08-23
Keywords:
Sustainable development,
Environment,
Non-Governmental Organization,
NGO,
survey research,
Abstract :
Introduction and objective: Given the shift in biological challenges model in the central province in Iran during the last three decades and the priority of environmental crisis management, utilizing NGOs potential as a non-expensive and universal approach has become a necessity. The present research, based on this fact, aimed at semantical reconstruction of the effectiveness of NGOs in environmental sustainable development of the central province in Iran and its results by survey research.
Material and Methodology: Statistical population includes all active environmental NGOs in the central province with 30 of which semi-structured interviews were carried out. Systematic Struss and Corbin method was used to analyze data.
Findings: From data coding, 114 primary codes, 28 subcategories and 11 major categories were extracted and provided in a survey-paradigm model including causal, intervening, background conditions, approaches and results. Causal conditions including structural factors and agency factors; background conditions including unpleasant lived experiences in NGOs and environmental protection network; and, intervening conditions including knowledge and technological management, training and experience exchange were classified. Activists in environmental NGOs try to influence environmental sustainable development through organizational strategies and interactions with the government.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that organizational strategies in the form of innovation, encouraging green economy activities and symbolic activities and strategies for interaction with government including desecuritizing the activities of NGOs, intervening in decision-making governmental institutions, seeking support from governmental and public institutions help environmental NGOs in achieving their objectives in environmental sustainable development.
References:
Mirzaei Ahranjani H., and Moghimi, SM., (2003), Providing an Ideal Organizational Model for Iranian NGOs Using Entrepreneurship Approach, Journal of Management Knowledge, Vol.62, No.2, pp.101-108. (In Persian)
Mirzaei, M., (2018), The Role of the National and International NGOs in Preventing Environmental Crimes, Journal of Crime Prevention Studies, Vol.13, No.46, pp.133-161. (In Persian)
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development)., (1987), Our Common Future, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.43.
United Nations., (1992), Agenda 21, Rio de Janeiro, Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/age nda21/index.htm.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). (1992), Agenda 21. Rio de Janeiro, June 3-14.
Walhagen, M., (2018), Gender differences in Environmental perspectives among urban design professionals, Gavle Sweden: University of Gavle Sweden.
Damghani, M., Abdoli, GHR., and Bahmanpour, H., (2017), Recognizing the Environmental Activists’ and Experts’ Opinions on the Legal Position and Role of Iranian Environmental NGOs, Journal of Research in Arts and Humanities, Vol.2, No.4, pp.9-22. (In Persian)
Rahnem, M., (1999), Participation in: the development Dictionery Edite by wolfcancy saches, London: Zeb Books Ltd.
Homayouni Babi, M., (2012), Studying the Factors Effecting on Women’ Social Partnership in Mazandaran Province Production Cooperation. M.A. Thesis, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran: West Branch. (In Persian)
Jalalian, A., (2020), Feasibility Study of Developing the Concept of International Crime to Environmental Crime with Emphasis on the Principle of Sustainable Development, Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, Vol.9, No.2, pp.133-146. (In Persian)
Simmons, PJ. (1998), Learning ti live with NGOs, Foreign Policy, Vol.112, pp.82-96.
Safari, M., (2019), Redressing the Environmental Injuries in Iranian Central Province: An Infrastructural Need, IRNA News Agency, ID News: 941661. (In Persian)
Dalmedico, AD., and Buffet, C., (2009), Environment NGOs in the rasing debate of climate change, Edited by Marty P, Devaux S. Social Movement and Publice Action: Lessons from Enviromeental Issues, p.11-44. Avilable at: http://www.hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/30/72/pdf/2_Dahan_DalmedicoBuffet_2009 Enviromental_NGOs.pdf.
Dombrowski, K., (2010), Filling the gap? An analysis of none-governmental organizations ersponsers to participation and representation deficits in global climate governance, Int, Environ, Agrements, Vol.10, pp.397-416.
Ranaei, H., and Mortazavi, M., (2012), Network Thinking in Public Affairs Management, Tehran: The Research Center of Islamic Legislative Assembly. (In Persian)
World Bank. (1995), Working with NGOs, World Bank, NGO Unit, p.14.
Doh, JP. and Teegen, H., (2003), Globalization and NGOs: Transfroming Business, Government and Society, Westport, CT: Praeger Publications.
Marchetti, R., (2013), Civil Society-Government Synergy and Normative Power Italy, The International Sectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, Vol.48, No.4, pp.102-118.
Aesborne, D., and Gaebler, T., (1992), Reinventing Government, New York: Addison Wesley.
Shojaei, AS., (2007), The Role of NGOs in Sustainable Development and Tourism, Mosaferan, Vol.40, pp.28-30. (In Persian)
Scherrer, YM. (2009), Enviromeental conservation NGOs and the concept of sustainable development, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.85, pp.555-571.
Haralambos, M., and Holborn, M., (2004), Sociology, Themes and Perspectives, 6th Ed, London: Collins Educational Press, p.422.
Giddens, A., (1984), the Constitution of Culture, New York: Basic Book Press.
Turner, SP., and Roth PA., (2003), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Siences, Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, pp.485, 487.
Lofland, J., Snow, DA., Anderson, L., and et al., (2005), Anlyzing SocialSettings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Berg, B., (2006), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, 6th ed, New York: Allyn and Becon.
Morse, JM., (2001), Situating Grounded Theory within Qualitative Inquiry, edited by Shereiber, R., and NoeragerStern, P., Using Grounded Theoryin Nursing, New York: Springer Publishing Co, p.98.
Strauss, A., and Corbin, J., (2011), Qualitative Research Basics: Grounded Theory Techniques and Production Stages, Translated by Afshar E, Tehran: Ney Pub. (In Persian)
Strauss, A., and Corbin, J., (1994), Grounded theory methodology: An overview, Edited by Denzinin, N., and Lincoln, Y., Handbook of Qualitative Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Aksel, I., and Baran, M., (2009), Organizational poblems of non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), p.1. Available at: https://www.turkishweekly.net/article/159/Organizational-problems-of-non-governmental-Organizations-ngos-html.
Muska, S., (1999), Are expatriate staffs necessary in international Development NGOs? A case study of an international NGO in Uganda, Interntional Working Paper Series, 4. London: Centre for Civil Society, London School of Economices and Political, pp.1-35. Avialiable on: http://www.eprints.lse.ac.uk/29092/.
Vilain, M., (2006), Non-profit management-current challenges for personal management in German welfare Organization, p.4. Available at: http://www.istr.org/conferances/capetown/volume/ Vilain.pdf.
Ahmad, MM., (2002), Who cares? The personal and professional problems of NGO fieldworkers in Bangladesh, Development in Practice, Vol.12, No.2, pp.177-191.
Lewis, L., (2005), The Civil Society Sector: A Review of Critical Issues and Research Agenda for Organizational Communication Scholars, Manngement Communication Quarterly, Vol.19, No.2, pp.238-267.
Saatchi, M., (2007), The Psychology of Productivity, Tehran: Nashr-e Virayesh Institution. (In Persian)
Reblin, M., and Uchino. B., (2008), Social and emotional support and links to physical health, Current Opinions in Psychiatry, Vol.21, No.5, pp.201-205.
Vanleeuwen, MC., Post, WM., Van Asbek, WF., and et al., (2010), Social support and life satisfaction in spinal cord injury during and up to one year after inpatient rehabilitation. Journal of Psychology, Vol.4, pp.265-271.
Moore, M., and Stewart, S., (1998), Corporate governance for NGOs? Development in Practice, Vol.8, No.3, pp.335-342.
_||_
Mirzaei Ahranjani H., and Moghimi, SM., (2003), Providing an Ideal Organizational Model for Iranian NGOs Using Entrepreneurship Approach, Journal of Management Knowledge, Vol.62, No.2, pp.101-108. (In Persian)
Mirzaei, M., (2018), The Role of the National and International NGOs in Preventing Environmental Crimes, Journal of Crime Prevention Studies, Vol.13, No.46, pp.133-161. (In Persian)
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development)., (1987), Our Common Future, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.43.
United Nations., (1992), Agenda 21, Rio de Janeiro, Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/age nda21/index.htm.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). (1992), Agenda 21. Rio de Janeiro, June 3-14.
Walhagen, M., (2018), Gender differences in Environmental perspectives among urban design professionals, Gavle Sweden: University of Gavle Sweden.
Damghani, M., Abdoli, GHR., and Bahmanpour, H., (2017), Recognizing the Environmental Activists’ and Experts’ Opinions on the Legal Position and Role of Iranian Environmental NGOs, Journal of Research in Arts and Humanities, Vol.2, No.4, pp.9-22. (In Persian)
Rahnem, M., (1999), Participation in: the development Dictionery Edite by wolfcancy saches, London: Zeb Books Ltd.
Homayouni Babi, M., (2012), Studying the Factors Effecting on Women’ Social Partnership in Mazandaran Province Production Cooperation. M.A. Thesis, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran: West Branch. (In Persian)
Jalalian, A., (2020), Feasibility Study of Developing the Concept of International Crime to Environmental Crime with Emphasis on the Principle of Sustainable Development, Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, Vol.9, No.2, pp.133-146. (In Persian)
Simmons, PJ. (1998), Learning ti live with NGOs, Foreign Policy, Vol.112, pp.82-96.
Safari, M., (2019), Redressing the Environmental Injuries in Iranian Central Province: An Infrastructural Need, IRNA News Agency, ID News: 941661. (In Persian)
Dalmedico, AD., and Buffet, C., (2009), Environment NGOs in the rasing debate of climate change, Edited by Marty P, Devaux S. Social Movement and Publice Action: Lessons from Enviromeental Issues, p.11-44. Avilable at: http://www.hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/30/72/pdf/2_Dahan_DalmedicoBuffet_2009 Enviromental_NGOs.pdf.
Dombrowski, K., (2010), Filling the gap? An analysis of none-governmental organizations ersponsers to participation and representation deficits in global climate governance, Int, Environ, Agrements, Vol.10, pp.397-416.
Ranaei, H., and Mortazavi, M., (2012), Network Thinking in Public Affairs Management, Tehran: The Research Center of Islamic Legislative Assembly. (In Persian)
World Bank. (1995), Working with NGOs, World Bank, NGO Unit, p.14.
Doh, JP. and Teegen, H., (2003), Globalization and NGOs: Transfroming Business, Government and Society, Westport, CT: Praeger Publications.
Marchetti, R., (2013), Civil Society-Government Synergy and Normative Power Italy, The International Sectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, Vol.48, No.4, pp.102-118.
Aesborne, D., and Gaebler, T., (1992), Reinventing Government, New York: Addison Wesley.
Shojaei, AS., (2007), The Role of NGOs in Sustainable Development and Tourism, Mosaferan, Vol.40, pp.28-30. (In Persian)
Scherrer, YM. (2009), Enviromeental conservation NGOs and the concept of sustainable development, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol.85, pp.555-571.
Haralambos, M., and Holborn, M., (2004), Sociology, Themes and Perspectives, 6th Ed, London: Collins Educational Press, p.422.
Giddens, A., (1984), the Constitution of Culture, New York: Basic Book Press.
Turner, SP., and Roth PA., (2003), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Siences, Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, pp.485, 487.
Lofland, J., Snow, DA., Anderson, L., and et al., (2005), Anlyzing SocialSettings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Berg, B., (2006), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, 6th ed, New York: Allyn and Becon.
Morse, JM., (2001), Situating Grounded Theory within Qualitative Inquiry, edited by Shereiber, R., and NoeragerStern, P., Using Grounded Theoryin Nursing, New York: Springer Publishing Co, p.98.
Strauss, A., and Corbin, J., (2011), Qualitative Research Basics: Grounded Theory Techniques and Production Stages, Translated by Afshar E, Tehran: Ney Pub. (In Persian)
Strauss, A., and Corbin, J., (1994), Grounded theory methodology: An overview, Edited by Denzinin, N., and Lincoln, Y., Handbook of Qualitative Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Aksel, I., and Baran, M., (2009), Organizational poblems of non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), p.1. Available at: https://www.turkishweekly.net/article/159/Organizational-problems-of-non-governmental-Organizations-ngos-html.
Muska, S., (1999), Are expatriate staffs necessary in international Development NGOs? A case study of an international NGO in Uganda, Interntional Working Paper Series, 4. London: Centre for Civil Society, London School of Economices and Political, pp.1-35. Avialiable on: http://www.eprints.lse.ac.uk/29092/.
Vilain, M., (2006), Non-profit management-current challenges for personal management in German welfare Organization, p.4. Available at: http://www.istr.org/conferances/capetown/volume/ Vilain.pdf.
Ahmad, MM., (2002), Who cares? The personal and professional problems of NGO fieldworkers in Bangladesh, Development in Practice, Vol.12, No.2, pp.177-191.
Lewis, L., (2005), The Civil Society Sector: A Review of Critical Issues and Research Agenda for Organizational Communication Scholars, Manngement Communication Quarterly, Vol.19, No.2, pp.238-267.
Saatchi, M., (2007), The Psychology of Productivity, Tehran: Nashr-e Virayesh Institution. (In Persian)
Reblin, M., and Uchino. B., (2008), Social and emotional support and links to physical health, Current Opinions in Psychiatry, Vol.21, No.5, pp.201-205.
Vanleeuwen, MC., Post, WM., Van Asbek, WF., and et al., (2010), Social support and life satisfaction in spinal cord injury during and up to one year after inpatient rehabilitation. Journal of Psychology, Vol.4, pp.265-271.
Moore, M., and Stewart, S., (1998), Corporate governance for NGOs? Development in Practice, Vol.8, No.3, pp.335-342.
