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Open Access Article
1 - Examine the relationship between self-esteem and depression with satisfaction of body image in adolescent girls.
Rghaye assady gandomani Latifeh teymourzadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and self-esteem with satisfaction of body image in female students of high schools in the Bojnord city in 93-94 academic year. The research was correlation and The samples were selected with us MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and self-esteem with satisfaction of body image in female students of high schools in the Bojnord city in 93-94 academic year. The research was correlation and The samples were selected with using of Morgan table and cluster sampling method . The number of participants was 300 persons. ParticipantsWere tested with three questionnaire contains ,satisfaction of body image scale, Rosenberg self-esteem and Beck depression short form. Research findings Were analyzed with SPSS software, Multivariate regression and stepwise method. Results showed that between self-esteem and depression are related to satisfaction of body image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Measures of body hygiene in Safavid Iran
mohammad ali parghoo javad alipoor silabOne of the most interesting and Neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of body health from a historical perspective, the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain MoreOne of the most interesting and Neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of body health from a historical perspective, the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain health(hygiene)or to deal with and treat various diseases. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose. The health measures identified in the present study can be considered efficient, effective, and low-cost interventions in providing a healthy lifestyle by healthcare providers. Data were collected by library method and materials were presented by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study indicate that the physicians of the Safavid era, by paying attention to the opinions of former physicians, defined the body and concepts such as wellness, health and disease in the framework of the teachings of humours view medicine and under the title of"omure-e tabiyye".The behavioral approach of physicians by referring to the opinions of former physicians as well as their own experiences, in the first step was aimed at protecting the health of the body by maintaining the balance of the body's temperament and restoring the balance to it when the disease occurs. Keeping the body healthy had a direct relationship with observance of physicians preventive recommendations regarding the six principles of "Hava, Makoul va mashroob, Harakat va sokon, Khab va bidari, Aaraz-e nafsani, Ehtebas va estefrag".In the second step, in the case of disease, according to the pathogen, different treatment methods were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Three-Body force effects on breakup and formation of 6Li nuclei
Hossein Sadeghi Shahla Nahidinezhad -
Open Access Article
4 - DTMP: Energy Consumption Reduction in Body Area Networks Using a Dynamic Traffic Management Protocol
Mona Alimardani Amir Masoud Rahmani Houman Zarrabi -
Open Access Article
5 - Fuzzy Clustering Based Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks to Increase the Life of Sensor Nodes
Mohsen Abdollahzadeh Aghbolagh Mohammad Ali Pourmina -
Open Access Article
6 - Identification of indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province
Fazel Zareian Baghgah saeid emamgholizadeh Mehrdad MataniBackground: The phenomenon of outsourcing is a new thing in organizational affairs and administrative systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province.Method: The statistical pop MoreBackground: The phenomenon of outsourcing is a new thing in organizational affairs and administrative systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province.Method: The statistical population of the qualitative section included experts including the heads, managers and supervisors of outsourcing projects of the executive organs of Mazandaran province and the statistical population of the quantitative part also included senior managers, middle managers and managers and employees of the executive organs. The sample size was 11 in the qualitative section and 228 in the quantitative section. Findings: Considering all the indicators except the criteria for taking necessary measures for outsourcing in the organization, the organization in outsourcing, transferring new technical knowledge from other organizations and companies to the organization during outsourcing and creating high capacity With outsourcing of services, the citizens do not change the amount of money they pay to provide outsourcing services and the index of checking the place of outsourcing in the contract is in a good position.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the executive bodies of Mazandaran province are fully prepared in terms of outsourcing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Imminence- Transcendence- Isfahan's school- Architecture body of mosque.
hosein moradinasab mohamadreza bemanian Iraj etesamlief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with tradition Morelief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with traditional nature has been observed, there should exist a live traditional thinking. So in order to recognize the mystical and philosophical ideas that their peak was represented in Safavid era which is known as the golden age of art, we have to enter through the gate of Islamic arts philosophy. Transcendence and imminence as the subject matters are one of the ways to find out and comprehend the philosophy of art and the beauty of Islam, but the important point about these subjects is the dual structure of transcendence and imminence. Due to the dialectic between these two - transcendence and imminence- (Throughout the history of Islam) and while they have separated features, only it can be possible to figure out their complementary feature through their unitary vision. Of course, such duality that the universe is made up of one whole which is composed of two obvious and inseparable elements, has been seen in different religions, like "Yin and Yang" in China. As mentioned in Islamic sciences and in an initial classification about God and the universe, two words are in common; Transcendence and imminence. The transcendent philosophers do not consider any human traits for God and in contrast there are imminent mystics who define imminence as the attribution of human traits to God. Going out from this conflict is only possible through unitary vision of transcendence and imminence. This vision which is attributed to Muhiddin Ibn Arabic, considers the summation of transcendence and imminence in order to God's cognition. Since mosques (central) are the most effected places by beliefs and thoughts of their time, they are chosen as the typical examples for reloading the transcendent and imminent ideas. For this purpose, first quantitative and qualitative criteria of transcendent and imminent shapes in architecture were extracted. On the other hand this means that in architecture, components of imminent shapes correspond to transition, dynamism, transparence, transfer, static, sublime and establishment; and components of transcendent shapes correspond to void, centripetal, symmetric and balanced spaces. Then in order to recognize the transcendent and imminent aspects, all the skeletal shapes of Imam Mosque, like the system of entrance, yard, porch and dome were measured and evaluated with these criteria. The results of this measurement were the dominant imminent aspects for transitional and motional shapes like entrance and porches, and the dominant transcendent aspects for mosque's yard as the static, void and centripetal space. But the balance of transcendent and imminent ideas can be searched comprehensively in the architecture of dome, where the void atmosphere (negative) and the tangible positive atmosphere (surrounded the environment) have been defined and the static and centripetal and in a same time dynamic, connected and transitional atmosphere (vertical) toward the God can be understood, observed and perceived. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Recreating Concepts in the Architecture of Historical Bodies in the Construction of Interstate Buildings in the Historical Context of Metropolis Iran
peyman bahramifar vahid qobadian mahnaz mahmoudiThe monuments of each land are the cultural identity card of the land. In the meantime, urban textures and bodies have emerged as a result of particular circumstances, undergoing changes in various periods of history to become present, and thus becoming unique and unrep MoreThe monuments of each land are the cultural identity card of the land. In the meantime, urban textures and bodies have emerged as a result of particular circumstances, undergoing changes in various periods of history to become present, and thus becoming unique and unrepeatable entities and entities. In our country, this unparalleled, in the contemporary era, due to various factors, has undergone metamorphosis and collapse. It has taken place in a disruptive, unregulated tether, and has completely transformed the image of many of our historic cities. New buildings, in the historical context, before being merely an architectural monument, are introduced as part of the city that must adhere to particular rules and regulations to maintain consistency with historical sections. Extensive research on the topic of the body in a historical context indicates the importance of this topic among other issues related to architecture and urban planning. Moreover, learning the implications of semantic values embedded in past architecture and utilizing them in contemporary patterns. How Iranians have been thinking of old buildings and bodies for a century and a half now, because of their historical value, and the use of its components, and from what perspectives they organized it, is a fascinating and fascinating subject. And it's a secret. In this regard, the present study aims at explaining the concept of the body as a visually and conceptually communicative space, which is often a criterion for recognizing the value and identity of cities' architecture, and with the help of this framework, it is possible to identify dimensions and angles. And hidden values and their role in the design of the body architectures of old areas, and by exploiting and preserving these patterns and upgrading existing values in the historical context, one can recreate discolored semantic values in interstitial buildings and with identity. Its appearance harmonized. The purpose of this research is to investigate the design framework of interstate buildings in the historical context and how it is constructed. Therefore, data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive-analytical method to achieve research goals. The results show that historical bodies with multiple semantic values in different layers were objectively perceptible (concepts in the body) and subjective (concepts in the human mind) in the context of historical bodies. The proposed model of this research, after analyzing and evaluating the indicators in the metropolitan areas of central Iran (Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz), reveals the strategies that their architects used in the process of creating the work. According to the results obtained from this research in the field of semantic concepts embedded in the historical contextualization and prioritization of the different value levels of those concepts, more criteria can be used to qualify the construction of interstate buildings in the body. Designed and formulated historical texts. From the author's point of view, the priorities of the semantic values that can be easily reproduced in interstate buildings include connectivity/cohesion, rhythm, the order of flexibility, identity, harmony, and other values obtained in subsequent priorities. They can be represented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Assessment the Physical Components of Suburban Housing in Accordance with the Lifestyle of Immigrants
farzaneh khoshsima Vahid Ahmadi hero farkisch Toktam HanaeeThe concept of housing has historically been a means of meeting various human needs influenced by social, cultural, and economic changes. Consequently, the physical architecture of housing reflects the social and cultural elements that shape residents' lifestyles, rathe MoreThe concept of housing has historically been a means of meeting various human needs influenced by social, cultural, and economic changes. Consequently, the physical architecture of housing reflects the social and cultural elements that shape residents' lifestyles, rather than their individual preferences or construction standards. This is particularly crucial in suburban areas, where the response of housing to the lifestyles of immigrants carries double significance due to their diverse ethnicities, values, and lifestyles. The unique demands of immigrants necessitate tailored responses in housing. Unfortunately, the growing emphasis on expedited construction by developers, without consideration for the identity of immigrant communities, has led to a decline in housing quality and neglect of their needs. Therefore, addressing the lifestyle of immigrants through housing requires a thorough understanding of their identity, highlighting the need for careful investigation. This study aimed to address two key subject regarding the relationship between physical housing and the lifestyle of immigrants: first, understanding the factors influencing the Components of suburban areas and the lifestyle of immigrants, and second, relation between components. The study utilized an analytical-descriptive approach, beginning with extensive library research to gather and analyze a wide range of relevant literature. The study extracted and categorized the components of physical housing in suburban areas and the lifestyle of immigrants. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with 11 architectural and sociology specialists, and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA software to define the relationship between housing components and lifestyle. The findings indicate that family structure and occupation in the social realm, as well as ethnicity and beliefs in the cultural realm, are key dimensions influencing immigrants' housing preferences. Immigrants' social and cultural identities lead to varying housing demands, influenced by their level of integration into the host society. Social analysts suggest that housing patterns reflect immigrants' social identity, with family structure and occupation being shaped by the host society, impacting housing spatial organization and type on the city outskirts. The immigrant jobs in the city outskirts include both domestic and non-domestic roles. For domestic jobs, immigrants require separate spaces within their homes to work (spatial organization8). Conversely, non-domestic jobs often require space for work tools upon entry, aiming to create a feeling of home. Hence, the presence of a yard and the housing pattern become crucial (type and pattern of housing6). Considering the expansive family life of immigrants, the family structure prioritizes shared living with relative independence and privacy (spatial organization7 and type of housing7). Furthermore, immigrants' cultural identity influences spatial organization. In general, the spatial arrangement of their housing is influenced by the ethnicity and beliefs of the immigrants, which is inherent. Additionally, immigrants tend to select housing close to others of the same ethnicity. However, if this group disregards their concealed identity and only considers the customary identity, they may choose housing in any part of the city under societal influence. Hence, it can be inferred that within the perspectives of social and cultural theorists, a shared element known as "compliance" plays a significant role in shaping housing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Sense of Satisfaction: How Physical Elements of Historical Texture Walls Could Affect Residents’ Satisfaction in the Neighborhoods?
Mohammad Hossein Javanmardi Hadi Keshmiri Ghazale Shabani Mina Razmara -
Open Access Article
11 - Lost Space Renewal; a Reborn of an Urban Water Body
Debsree Mandal Archisman Das -
Open Access Article
12 - The effectiveness of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy on physical activity increment and obesity decrement in the patients suffering from heart disease
Maghsoud Nader Sedigeh Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
13 - The relationship between anthropometric indices and constipation in Parkinson's patients
Saeedeh Zareie Ahmad Saedisomeolia Mahmood Mahmoodi Majdabadi Farahani -
Open Access Article
14 - The validity of a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, Xiaomi MI scale 2, for measurement of body composition
Yasaman Alidadi Melika Metanati Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
15 - The relation between body mass index and emotional intelligence in children
Azam Movahedi Ariyo Movahedi -
Open Access Article
16 - Identifying health-oriented indicators affecting cultural capital in sports organizations
, ahmadrezai zohrabi , abas khodayari , Mahvash Noorbakhsh , Hossein AbdulmalekThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying effective health-oriented indicators in cultural capital. In this research, the aim is to investigate the issue using qualitative research method. The community studied in this research included 14 experts in the f MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying effective health-oriented indicators in cultural capital. In this research, the aim is to investigate the issue using qualitative research method. The community studied in this research included 14 experts in the field of organizational behavior. The main method of data collection in this research was semi-structured in-depth interviews. The validity of the research was confirmed by showing the process of analyzing the interviews to the experts, and regarding the reliability confirmation from two people who had nothing to do with the research, but were experts in this field in terms of methodology and content, about the correctness of various aspects of the research from the collection Opinions were asked until data analysis. Through their confirmation on the procedures and methods of data collection and interpretation, the external audit of the research was also examined. Through data analysis, 7 main themes were obtained from the coding of the interviews, which include interaction with others, value of life, spirituality, positive changes in life, social capital, body management and identification. Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to focus on the identified indicators for the success of the cultural capital model and strive for organizational success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Euler-Lagrange equations and geometric mechanics on Lie groups with potential
Ali SuriAbstract. Let G be a Banach Lie group modeled on the Banach space, possibly infinite dimensional, E. In this paper first we introduce Euler-Lagrange equations on the Lie group G with potential and right invariant metric. Euler-Lagrange equations are natural extensions o MoreAbstract. Let G be a Banach Lie group modeled on the Banach space, possibly infinite dimensional, E. In this paper first we introduce Euler-Lagrange equations on the Lie group G with potential and right invariant metric. Euler-Lagrange equations are natural extensions of the geodesic equations on manifolds and Lie groups. In the second part, we study the geometry of the mechanical system of a rigid body with a fixed point in the gravitational field. This Mechanical systems is usually know as symmetric heavy top. Then we show that the extracted equations by this theory coincide with the known equations of heavy top. Finally, as an infinite dimensional example, we study the Camassa-Holm equations on Bott-Virasoro group at the presence of potential. Bott-Virasoro group is the product of the group of diffeomorphisms of the circle of Sobolev class by the real line and by a potential on a Lie group G we mean a differentiable function from G to the real line R. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - WTO jurisdiction and human rights
Vahid Bozorgt Amir Houshang FathizadehThe aim of this article is to explore the WTO jurisdiction in terms of human rights. WTO resources and legal opinions, the authors have concluded that WTO law is a self-contained system of law and its dispute settlement body (DSB) shall consider only the member’s MoreThe aim of this article is to explore the WTO jurisdiction in terms of human rights. WTO resources and legal opinions, the authors have concluded that WTO law is a self-contained system of law and its dispute settlement body (DSB) shall consider only the member’s disputes in terms of the rights and obligations provided in WTO agreements and it does not have the capacity to examine those disputes which fall under the jurisdiction of other systems of law such as human rights However, despite this fragmentation and separation between WTO law and human rights law, the DSB may make use of the relevant rules of International law, including human rights law, to clarify the provisions of WTO agreements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Succinct Review of Judicial Settlement of the International Disputes
Hossein Sorayaii AzarThe path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first an MoreThe path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first and second Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907) was the dispute settlement discussions, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration is the fruit of these conferences . The Permanent Court of International Justice (1920)was the cornerstone of the judicial development of the International Law in the League of Nations system.Whilest the International Court of Justice(1945) was heraldic of modern era of legal theories in International Law ,in which the different mechanism of judicial settlement of disputes have been developed . Actually the judicial settlement of disputes between States is considered as the hub of world legal order and inter- States relations of different nature (e.g. commercial ,regional, environmental etc.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Explain the Social and Cultural Processes Affecting the Body Management of Women 20 to 30 Years Old in Kerman
Kamal Javanmard -
Open Access Article
21 - The Sociological Implications of Power: A Case Study on David Mamet’s Edmond
Fatemeh Ghiasvand Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Mojgan Yarahmadi -
Open Access Article
22 - Jurisprudential and legal foundations of important quasi-judicial authorities in municipalities
Ebrahim Ariazanganeh Fakhredin Aboeiyeh Ahmadreza Behniafar Ali Pourghasab AmiriThe purpose of the current research is to investigate important quasi-judicial authorities in municipalities. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the normal laws and approvals of the Council of Ministers and the law describing the duties of municipali MoreThe purpose of the current research is to investigate important quasi-judicial authorities in municipalities. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the normal laws and approvals of the Council of Ministers and the law describing the duties of municipalities and rural districts have been used. In this research, only the Article 1000 Commission, the Article 77 Commission, the Article 99 Commission, the Tasbra Commission under Article 55 Clause 20, and the Garden Identification Commission were investigated. The results showed that in the Commission, Article 100 of the proceedings indicates compliance with the legal formalities of the procedure, but the lack of transparency in its notes causes many legal problems. The problem with the Article 77 commission is that it is one-stage, and unlike the Article 100 commission, it does not have an appeal commission. The Commission, Clause 20, Article 55 of the Municipal Law is one of the examples in which the laws related to urban planning in the field of urban services are planned and controlled in a completely specialized manner. The above-mentioned commission is the authority to deal with citizens' objections to the municipality's decision regarding the closure, destruction and relocation of disruptive industries and businesses outside the city. Its common feature with the Article 77 commission is that the commission does not have an appeal and is one-stage, and the Article 99 commission is in the suburban area and outside the city, and the place of formation is in the governorates, but the place of formation of the Article 77 commission is in the municipalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Feasibility of Recognizing Human Right to Self by Rule of Rule (Dominion)
Hojjatullah Rahmani Nia Aboalhasan Mojtahed SoleimaniOne of the indisputable and important rules of jurisprudence is the rule of Domination. According to this rule, man has dominion over his property and, consequently, the right to possess. The issue that has been raised in this regard and has caused controversy among jur MoreOne of the indisputable and important rules of jurisprudence is the rule of Domination. According to this rule, man has dominion over his property and, consequently, the right to possess. The issue that has been raised in this regard and has caused controversy among jurists as well as jurists is the possibility of recognizing the human right to the body based on the rule of Domination. The specific question in this regard is whether the human right to one's body can be justified on the basis of the rule of Domination or whether another approach should be sought? The results of the analysis of this issue in the present paper are that the inference of kingship over the organs of the body, by analogy with the priority of human kingship over rubbing, does not seem correct because our kingship over property is not absolute so that we can By analogy of priority, let us conclude that we have dominion over the organs of the body. Also, the delegation of human affairs to him can not be considered as a reason for man's dominion over his body parts, because the delegation of human affairs to him is only in matters not related to body (blood) and includes political and social issues. It does not enter into the circle of sensitive issues in which the Shari'a procedure is based on excessive precaution. On the contrary, reliance on the rule and theory of guardianship seems to be a better explanation of the human right to his body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Study Effect of cCultural Capital on the Urban Participation (Case Study: Citizens of the Sari City)
mahmoud sharepour sabah motevalian hadi razeghi malehIntroduction and purpose of the Research: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cultural capital on the urban participation of citizens. Statistical society include all citizens of 18 and above the city where that is in the summer of 1394 in MoreIntroduction and purpose of the Research: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cultural capital on the urban participation of citizens. Statistical society include all citizens of 18 and above the city where that is in the summer of 1394 in this city resident have. The volume of examples 640 people. Methods: This study sampling, multi-stage cluster is commensurate with the size. The research method in this study, is fuzzy. The findings show that average cultural capital and participation of respondents, respectively, 7.12 and 2.78 of 10. Findings: The test findings stepwise multivariate linear regression showed that objectified cultural capital (-0.239) and embodied cultural capital (-0.108) respectively, the highest and lowest impact on the dependent variable (Urban participation) have. Conclusions: Should be noted that the three variables entered into the regression equation (cultural capital embodied, the cultural capital objectified, institutionalized cultural capital), there is no variable out of the equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Relationship between Attitude toward Renovation and Lifestyle in Young Python Girls aged 18-35
sadegh motamediIntroduction & Objective of the research: The Attitude toward Renovation will cause rethinking in various fields. One of the areas in which these changes are taking place is lifestyle. The present study was conducted in this direction with the aim of investigating t MoreIntroduction & Objective of the research: The Attitude toward Renovation will cause rethinking in various fields. One of the areas in which these changes are taking place is lifestyle. The present study was conducted in this direction with the aim of investigating the relationship between aAttitude toward Renovation and lifestyle among young people.Research Method: This research has been done by survey method and through stratified random sampling. The statistical population of this study includes all young people aged 18 to 35 years living in Poldakhtar city (both men and women) and the sample size is estimated to be 380 people using the Cochran's formula. The validity of the study was determined based on face validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability.Findings: The findings of the present study show that the rate of Attitude toward Renovation is at a high to moderate level. Inferential findings show that there is a significant correlation between the tAttitude toward Renovation and the degree of religiosity, body management, musical taste and the way of spending leisure time.Conclusion: In general, based on the research findings and according to Inglehart, it can be said that the changes made were more value-oriented and the pace of change was gradual. Accordingly, the more positive the attitude towards modernization and development, the more the respondents manage their bodies, use more modern music, and show a greater desire for modern leisure, and the degree of religiosity. It was at a lower level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - میزان تاثیر تماشای شبکههای تلویزیونی ماهوارهای فارسی زبان بر سبک زندگی دانشجویان دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
Paria Shahabeddin Bahareh NasiriMedia play a role of impulsive engine in creating and developing different lifestyle. Media,specially, satellite networks are the source of lifestyle formation of a lot of people in asociety. This research aimed to study the impact of watching Persian satellite televisi MoreMedia play a role of impulsive engine in creating and developing different lifestyle. Media,specially, satellite networks are the source of lifestyle formation of a lot of people in asociety. This research aimed to study the impact of watching Persian satellite televisionnetworks on lifestyle of students of school of management and economics of science andresearch branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. This research has a functional aspect andthe data are quantitative and the research methodology has been cross-sectional survey.The statistical population of this research was all of the students of school of managementand economics of science and research branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. Theresearch sampling was stratified random sampling and the sample size by using Cochranformula was determined 345 students. For collecting data questionnaire was used and SPSSsoftware was used for analyzing the data. The analysis of data has been done at two levels ofdescriptive and inferential level. In the inferential level the Kolmogorov Smirnov test andPearson correlation coefficient test were used to investigate the research hypotheses.According to whatever were found in this research all of the hypotheses of this researchwere confirmed and as a result it can be concluded that watching Persian satellite networkshas direct impact on the lifestyle of the students. According to the major theory of this studythe more watching the satellite networks the more impressing the students by the lifestylesthat advertised in these satellite networks. The increasing of watching satellite networks hasbeen caused to increase the body management and as a result spending of leisure timeamong the students has changed, but the amount of cultural product consumptiondecreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effect of individual factors on women's attitudes Toward body in Tehran
Fatemeh Baratlou Marjan KhodiIntroduction and Aim: In this study, individual factors affecting women's attitudes toward body management are examined. The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing women's attitude that is discussed with the help of the theories of Foucault,Gaffman, MoreIntroduction and Aim: In this study, individual factors affecting women's attitudes toward body management are examined. The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing women's attitude that is discussed with the help of the theories of Foucault,Gaffman, Baudrillard, Turner, Moss, Douglas, Festinger, and Feminists. The subject is explained and analyzed with questions such as to what extent do individual factors influence women's attitudes towards managing body? Do demographic characteristics (education, economic status, age, and so on) affect the attitude of women towards managing the body? Research methodology: The population of the study was all the woman participating in sports clubs of Tehran District 5 which their number was 1841 people. The sample size was estimated 317 people by Cochran sampling formula and samples were selected using cluster sampling. To collect data was used from a questionnaire which covered the survey questions The Method is survey, to collect data, a 14-item researcher designed questionnaire based on Likert scale is used whose validity was confirmed by 8 experts. Findings: To analyze the data use was from descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation in the form of tables and charts) and inferential statistics (Cronbach's alpha, chi-square and kruskal -Wallis tests) by SPSS software in significance level P≤0.05. Conclusion: the findings showed that all individual factors influencing the attitudes of women towards managing body are at a level higher than the average. There is a significant difference in the effect of individual factors on women's attitudes towards body management based on demographic factors such as age, marital status, personal education, maternal education, employment status, economic status, income and housing situation. However, there is no significant difference in social and cultural factors influencing attitudes of women towards managing body based on area of residence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Ab Initio Study of Conformational and Configurational Properties of 1, 3- Diazacyclohepta-1, 2-diene and 1, 3-Diazacycloocta-1, 2-diene
Issa Yavari Vahideh Hadigheh-Rezvan Mohsen Dadgar -
Open Access Article
29 - Sociological analysis and explanation of the effect of using cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the trend of modern lifestyle of Shahriar girls (study among Shahriar high school female students)
mona ghasemishall Majid Radfar reza ali mohseniThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the impact of the use of cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the trend of modern lifestyle has been done. The theoretical framework of this study was examined according to the th MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the impact of the use of cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the trend of modern lifestyle has been done. The theoretical framework of this study was examined according to the theories of Giddens, Castells, Cheney, Bourdieu, McCombushaw, Amel and Simmel. In this research, the effect of cyberspace on the formation of modern lifestyle has been investigated. Formal validity (experts' agreement) was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire questions and Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability, the reliability of which was also confirmed with 0.80. After reviewing various topics and perspectives on the impact of cyberspace on the trend of modern lifestyle regarding the relationships between variables, 6 different hypotheses were proposed and tested. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed by the researcher and the necessary information was obtained through interviews with the statistical population. Our statistical sample in this study included 360 female high school students who were studying in Shahriar. In order to select the samples, in this research, simple two-stage cluster sampling method has been used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of social networks and the tendency to modern lifestyle in terms of social behaviors, customs, body management, consumption pattern. In contrast, in this study it was found between social networks and adolescents' leisure There is no significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Study of social contexts affecting participation in public sports among female students using the data theory strategy of foundation (Case study of female students of Islamic Azad University the of Kerman )
kamal javanmard ali reza sanatkhahIn the present study, an attempt has been made to gain a broader understanding of , contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students. The statistical population includes all students of Kerman Azad University in 1400. There ar MoreIn the present study, an attempt has been made to gain a broader understanding of , contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students. The statistical population includes all students of Kerman Azad University in 1400. There are 31 female students studying in this university. Targeted sampling method is available. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. Data according to procedure Based on the background theory, they have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective and selective (pivotal) coding. After analyzing the research findings, categories of economic crisis and life concerns / encouragement and social support /social capital / sport-based cultural capital / Awareness of the usefulness of sports as the most important causal condition, personal management of the body / Cultural expectations / Personality perception on the body and sports infrastructure as the most important intervening conditions, lifestyle and sports-oriented healthy communication as the most important underlying conditions, creating appropriate sports infrastructure / creating environmental security / creating sports motivation in officials and interaction between physicians And the sports community as an action-interaction and control of violence in the community has been identified as the most important consequence of participation in public sports.Conclusion: Women's participation in sports and public sports activities is formed under the influence of cultural and social context in society. According to the results of the study, if this context can motivate women to participate in sports activities, it can reduce the level of violence. Unbridled reduce in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Similar Figures in the World; the Evaluation of Globalization Effect on Body Management
Soroush Fathi Azar Rashtiani -
Open Access Article
32 - The Evaluation of Effective Social Factors on Women’s Tendency toward Body Management in Iran in Three Recent Decades (Case of Study: Overweight and Adiposity in Karaj)
Seyed Mohammad Mirzaei Habibollah Zanjani Sahar Ghorbanalipour -
Open Access Article
33 - Body in Suhrawardi's Philosophy and MullaSadra
مریم عاطفی محمد سعیدی مهرIslamic philosophers, like their Greek predecessors, have discussedthe essence and quiddity of the body. Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra,among the others, have proposed some ideas concerning the natureof the body and its characteristics. Suhrawardi considers the body inthree MoreIslamic philosophers, like their Greek predecessors, have discussedthe essence and quiddity of the body. Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra,among the others, have proposed some ideas concerning the natureof the body and its characteristics. Suhrawardi considers the body inthree different stages: first, following the Peripatetic philosophy, hedefines it as a subsistence composed of "form" and “matter". Thenhe moves to regard it as mere magnitude. Finally, Suhrawardidefines the body according to his own illuminative principles as thecomposition of attributive light and dark substance. Sadra,according to his principle of the "principality of Existence", sees thequiddity of the body as something composed of matter and form,but its true reality is nothing but existence. In this paper, we arguethat there is not any contradiction between Suhravardi's differentviews depending on everystaye since each of them is proposed in aspecific context. On the other hand, we show that Sadra's existentialphilosophy, necessarily concludes to a result which the real essenceof the body is nothing than existence. Final section, we make somecomparisons between the views of these two great Muslimphilosophers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Corporeal Resurrection in Philosophy of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra
Mehdi Najafi AfraThe resurrection, specially corporeal resurrection, has possessed animportant position in Islamic philosophy.Exertion of the reason and tradition, has caused various views amongMuslim thinkers. Avicenna and Mulla Sadra are the most importantsages who have an exclusive o MoreThe resurrection, specially corporeal resurrection, has possessed animportant position in Islamic philosophy.Exertion of the reason and tradition, has caused various views amongMuslim thinkers. Avicenna and Mulla Sadra are the most importantsages who have an exclusive opinion about this subject. Superficially,Avicenna has denied corporeal resurrection and Mulla Sadra hasaccepted it; but in this critical assessment, that formal contradiction isrejected and an affinity of the two has been designed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating the role of sensory perceptions in the memory of urban squares using Merleau-Ponty ideas(Case study: Tajrish Square)
Darya Nosratpour mojtaba ansari hasanali pormandIntroduction and purpose of the research: Rapid changes of cities occur without regarding the environmental and cultural status and structures that interrupt integrated memories of city dwellers besides the ignorance of physical qualities. Urban spaces are the home to c MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research: Rapid changes of cities occur without regarding the environmental and cultural status and structures that interrupt integrated memories of city dwellers besides the ignorance of physical qualities. Urban spaces are the home to communal life and social conversation or discourse in a context with components responding to the place qualities. This research is seeking to discover the quality of creating collective memory through city dwellers encounter with Tajrish square. research method: This essay has been chosen according to the qualitative, analytical and interpretive research approaches along with phenomenological ground of embodied sensory perceptions and from Merleau-Ponty’s point of view, and also open, axial and selective coding methods. In the current study, in-depth interviews and responses given from interviewees have been used in order to the exploration of memorable components of a place through embodied perceptions. Findings:The embodied sensory perception, which puts special importance on the perception of a place among conscious experiences and existential status of the human being in the world, can enhance lived experience of being in the world through the sensory perceptions and its transformation within conceptual processes, and eventually, end up with the memorable semantic experience of Tajrish square in a time-based process. The perusal that seeks to qualitative perception resulted from the human existence in space, sensory and embodied perceptions, human’s experience in space, imaginations and fantasies, preconceptions and pre-assumptions, and the creation of a semantic environment with the help of human’s conceptual information. Conclusion:The results show that the memorability of Tajrish square follows the interaction between the plaza and the conceptual, physical and socio-cultural indications of city dwellers. This extends by pre-reflective perceptions and so embodied consciousness occurs. Tajrish as a memorable urban plaza shows off its ability for the representation and readability of physical and identity attributes and functional roles and provides the possibility of rhetoric and memorability of a space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Histoanatomical study of lens and ciliary body in one- humped camel eye
Ebrahimi Saadatlou, M.A., Shahrouz, R. .In the present study, a total number of 20 eyes of adult one-humped camels were studied. Thisstudy was conducted to understand the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the lens andciliary body of camel eye. First, the lens and ciliary body of the eye was anatomicall MoreIn the present study, a total number of 20 eyes of adult one-humped camels were studied. Thisstudy was conducted to understand the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the lens andciliary body of camel eye. First, the lens and ciliary body of the eye was anatomically examinedin terms of appearance, dimensions, location and structure. Having prepared histologyy slidesand staining by H&E,Verhoeff, Trichrome masson's, and P.A.S., they were studiedmicroscopically. Posterior surface of lens was more convex than anterior surface. The averagelens diameter and thickness were respectively measured as 1.82±0.01 and 1.14±0.02centimeters. The average ciliary body thickness was measured as 0.7±0.01 centimeters. Inaddition, as the ciliary body was seen annular, it has mean external and internal diameters as2.9±0.07 and 2.5±0.02 centimeters. The epithelium of lens was cuboid and the lens capsule haspositive PAS reaction intensively. Also the anterior surface of capsule was thicker than posteriorsurface. The density of lens fibers in sub capsular part were more than central. The elastic fibersin lens was not observed. The ciliary process epithelium has two layers, that superficial layerwas pigmented and cuboid. Under the unpigmented epithelium, melanocytes with high pigmentswere situated. Connective tissue of ciliary body has more longitudinal smooth muscle fibers,blood and lymphatic vessels. Elastic fibers of connective tissue in ciliary body were thicknessand more. In conclusion, the lens and ciliary body of camels were similar to large ruminantsalthough there were little differences in anatomic dimensions and histologic characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - BOD5 attenuation from contaminated waters by using vetiver grass in surface flow constructed wetland
Saeb KhoshnavazIn the free water surface flow (FW-SF) constructed wetlands, a large number of micro organisms that live around the roots of plants create a suitable environment for wastewater treatment. To study the effect of Vetiver plant and sewage retention time in treatment effici MoreIn the free water surface flow (FW-SF) constructed wetlands, a large number of micro organisms that live around the roots of plants create a suitable environment for wastewater treatment. To study the effect of Vetiver plant and sewage retention time in treatment efficiency of such systems, nine ponds in the Karoun sugarcane Agro-industrial located in the city of Shushtar was built. Units, in parallel with each other and each unit with length 3m, width 1m and height 0.8 meters. Continuously, agricultural wastewater from the washing process of sugarcane from December 2013 until May 2014 was established. Three of the units filled with soil and were transplanted with vetiver (S), three units were cultivated with vetiver on the floating platform (F) and three units were kept unplanted as control (C). The average BOD5 concentration of the wastewater entering the unit was 115±15.69 mg/l and retention times of experiments were 3, 5 and 7 days. During the experiment, the concentration of BOD5 per unit of input and output measurements was analyzed using SAS software. The results of the analysis showed significant differences between plant and non-plant systems, including retention times. The constructed wetland system with plant cultivated and the retention time of 7 days in May had highest value of the average removal rate equal to 68.48 percent. In other words, optimum conditions for maximum BOD5 removal rate of Karoun sugarcane Agro-industrial wastewater in floating constructed wetlands systems was with vetiver cultivated and in the retention time of 7 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Teachings of Bodhisattva and Imam in Mahayana Buddhism and Twelver Shi'ism
elahe safari daree Abolfazl MahmoudiThe concept of the ideal human being is an important concept in all religions, especially, in Mahayana Buddhism and Twelver Shi'ism. The Mahayana ideal human is “Bodhisattva” who begins his path of enlightenment with the awakening of “Bodhicitta” MoreThe concept of the ideal human being is an important concept in all religions, especially, in Mahayana Buddhism and Twelver Shi'ism. The Mahayana ideal human is “Bodhisattva” who begins his path of enlightenment with the awakening of “Bodhicitta” and steps on the path of spiritual journey with a covenant and oath for liberating himself as well as all intelligent beings. After passing mystical states or Bhumis, he removes the veils and obstacles and, in each state, acquires the perfection (Paramita) corresponding to that state. In the last state, Bodhisattva can join the ultimate liberation, “Nirvana”, however due to his infinite kindness and compassion, “Karuna”, refuses to enter it and remains in the circle of reincarnation, “Samsara”, to help other beings. The most perfect examples of the ideal human being in Shi’ism are the Prophet and the infallible Imams, who have a special and great position in Shi’ism. According to the Shi’ite tradition, the Imams are the mirrors of the truth, the mediators of heaven, the Caliphs of Allah on earth and adorned with all human virtues. They can lead human beings to true perfection and divine knowledge. Despite the differences of Buddhist and Shi’ite traditions, beliefs in Bodhisattva and Imam have significant similarities in features and functions that make their comparison meaningful. Infallibility, infinite knowledge, miraculous powers, developmental and canonical role in guidance, and being the sources for the appeals of the people are among these similarities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Different Attitudes Towards Body in Hinduism
Fayyaz Gharaei Zahra MighaniHinduism deals with body more than any other religions do. Therefore, it is necessary to study Hindu views on body. Through the study a rich resource of Hindu concepts and beliefs about the spiritual significance of body is revealed. Also, it provides a deeper look into MoreHinduism deals with body more than any other religions do. Therefore, it is necessary to study Hindu views on body. Through the study a rich resource of Hindu concepts and beliefs about the spiritual significance of body is revealed. Also, it provides a deeper look into Hindu cosmology. Considering ascetics and yogis’ life style equal to the whole doctrine of Hinduism or some presuppositions about dualism of soul and matter have led to some misunderstandings about the dominant stand that Hinduism takes with this worldly life. This research intends to clarify Hindu attitudes toward body by reflecting on Hindu views about worldly life and the significant role body plays in Hindu principles. Studying Tantrism, because of its special views about body, can be helpful. Tantarism, particularly tantric yoga, believes in the wisdom of body and considers it as a main means of salvation. Tantarism takes body as a recourse to reach the quiet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Leptin and Muscle Strength of Non-Athletic Men
Kh. Moonikh M. Kashef A. AzadIntroduction: The supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in animal studies has shown to increase the lean body mass and reduces the fat mass. Few studies have been investigating the effects of CLA supplementation in human. The aim of this study is to examine the ef MoreIntroduction: The supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in animal studies has shown to increase the lean body mass and reduces the fat mass. Few studies have been investigating the effects of CLA supplementation in human. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid supplementation on body composition, serum leptin and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental, double-blind study, 24 non-athletic men were randomly assigned to two groups; the supplement (12) and placebo (n=12) groups. The supplement group took 3 gr CLA/d and the control group or placebo group received the same amount of nutrients as the supplement group but without the addition of CLA. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention in order to determine the levels of leptin. Body fat mass, lean body mass percent and muscular strength were also measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19 using independent and paired-samples T-test. Results: There were not significant differences in serum leptin levels between the groups examined. In addition, significant differences were not observed in muscle strength, fat and lean body mass percents. Conclusion: 6 weeks of supplementation with conjugated Linoleic Acid did not improve the body composition, serum leptin levels and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Relationship between Body Composition and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Mandana Gholami Neda Ghassembaglou Hojatollah Nik Bakht Fariba EslamianIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. MoreIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of body composition and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, aged between 45 and 65 years who were recruited from Sina hospital in Tabriz. Body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral density at the spine and femoral neck were measured. Skinfold thickness was determined by caliper. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA at the spine and femoral neck. Association between parameters of body composition and bone mineral density analyzed using a multiple regression analysis.Results: The body composition parameters indicated that only lean body mass had a significant relationship with osteoporosis in the femoral neck (R2 =0.271, P<0.05) and in the lumbar spine (R2=0.088, P<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicated that from the body composition parameters, lean body mass is a powerful predictor of osteoporosis. Using this model, females at risk of osteoporosis can be identified; therefore early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoporosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Relations between Breakfast Consumption, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School Children
ماندانا Gholami لیلا Mohamadi AslIntroduction: The children who eat breakfast, have better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF),and enhanced ability to learn as compared to others who do not follow this pathway. The aimof this study is to analyse the relations between the eating breakfast, body composition MoreIntroduction: The children who eat breakfast, have better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF),and enhanced ability to learn as compared to others who do not follow this pathway. The aimof this study is to analyse the relations between the eating breakfast, body composition andCRF in school children.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 164 girls agedbetween 9 to 11 years. Body composition, CRF and Physical Activity level were assessedduring school time. Frequency of eating breakfast was assessed by a questionnaire andclassified as never, sometimes or always. Fitness was estimated from a 540 m test and theparticipants were classified as having low or high CRF. Body composition was evaluated andchildren were classified as obese or non-obese. PA was estimated from physical activityquestionnaire and the participants were classified as having low or high PA.Results: Frequency of eating breakfast showed that 18% of school children never hadbreakfast, 24% ate sometimes and 58% always ate breakfast. There was no significant relationbetween the frequency of breakfast and anthropometric characteristic. Breakfast consumptionwas not associated with physical activity (p=0.3) and with CRF (p=0.3).Conclusion: fitness level, body composition and PA are not associated with the frequency ofeating breakfast in schoolchildren. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Wastewater Treatment of Oil Refineries by Using of UV-Assisted Fenton Process
Hadi Shayegh Hamid Kazemi Esfe Hossein HosseiniBackground and Objective: The removal of heavy hydrocarbons and biological wastewater is generally difficult. Finding a suitable way to eliminate or reduce these factors is one of the goals of this research.Materials and Methodology: Although there are special processes MoreBackground and Objective: The removal of heavy hydrocarbons and biological wastewater is generally difficult. Finding a suitable way to eliminate or reduce these factors is one of the goals of this research.Materials and Methodology: Although there are special processes for removing or reducing the hydrocarbon and biological load of water, but in industrial wastewater containing hydrocarbon, the evaluation of advanced oxidation processes can reduce not only the burden of the wastewater but also reduce the Biological bad effects. Therefore, in the present study, an experimental study of COD, BOD and O & G reduction using Fenton reaction with ultra-violet irridiation has been investigated.Results: A sample of industrial waste from one of the refineries was prepared. According to the results, the optimal conditions for COD removal was observed as follow: irradiation time 30 minutes, pH=3, temperature=35°C, water content=85 ml of oxygen dissolved in water than 250 ml of wastewater and COD removal was observed up to 45.44%. The optimal conditions for removing O&G were: 23 min, pH=3, temperature 35°C, dissolved oxygen content of 85 ml, compared to 250 ml of wastewater. Also O&G was eliminated to 89.8%. The optimal conditions for removing BOD were: the irradiation time is 20 minutes, pH=4, the temperature is 25°C, the soluble oxygen content is 65 ml, compared to 250 ml of the wastewater and the removal of BOD was observed to be 49.82%.Discussion and Conclusion: Laboratory study of COD, BOD and O&G reduction in wastewater was investigated by using Fenton reaction with ultraviolet irridiation. It was found that the Fenton method with ultraviolet irridiation is a suitable method for the removal or reduction of COD, BOD and O&G in refinery wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Study on Quantity and Quality of Hospital Wastewater in Tehran City in 1385
Akbar Mokhtari Azar Amir Hesam Hassani Mohammad Reza KhaniIntroduction: Different types of sewage including hospital sewage are important especially from health point of view because of pathogenic organisms due to sewage and other risk factors. Method: In this research, the quantity and quality of hospitals’ sewages in selecte MoreIntroduction: Different types of sewage including hospital sewage are important especially from health point of view because of pathogenic organisms due to sewage and other risk factors. Method: In this research, the quantity and quality of hospitals’ sewages in selected Tehran hospitals are studied. 14 similar with same basis hospitals are selected, general, specialized and highly specialized hospitals and sanatoriums. from each selected centre, two series of sampling under the form of instantly and mixed forms are taken and qualitative parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), potential of Hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solid (TSS), and total dissolved solid (TDS) were studied. Results: This research results show that average of BOD5 ,COD ,TSS ,TDS ,pH and EC in mix sampling of refined sewage were 42, 86, 54, 768, 7.1, 768 mg/lit and in mix sampling of non-refined sewage was 320, 507, 380, 743, 6.97 and 561 mg/lit accordingly. Minimum and maximum of BOD5 in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 25 and 68, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 281 and 381. Minimum and maximum of COD in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 37 and 113, and for non-refined sewage equal was 419 and 687. Minimum and maximum of TSS in mix sampling for refined sewage equal was 28 and 82, and for non-refined sewage equal 300 and 1309. Minimum and maximum of TDS in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 626 and 857, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 469 and 695. Minimum and maximum of pH in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 6.5 and 7.8, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 5.9 and 7.8. Minimum and maximum of EC in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 398 and 1483, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 481 and 928. In this side average hospital sewages flow in unit research for small hospitals with maximum 400 beds, is calculated 1300 lit/bed/day (l/b/d) and for great hospital with up to1000 beds, is calculated 750 l/b/d. Findings of this research showed, that changes of BOD5 rate with number of hospital section have direct relation and quantities of qualitative parameters in hospital sewage with a little increase is approximately equivalent of those rate in urban sewage. Moreover, findings of research of instant sampling in comparison with mix sampling showed credit and recommendation to use mix sampling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - 5
آرزو طهمورث پور روحا کسری رکمانشاهی اشرف السادات نوحی -
Open Access Article
46 - Study of plankton communities and quality of Band Ali Khan wetland
Parisa Nejatkhah Manavi Mohammad Mahdavi Maryam FrozadIn this research, the quality of water of Band Ali khan wetland, phytoplankton, zooplankton and also some factors such as BOD5, COD, DO were measured seasonally during the year 2005-2006. Results showed in this wetland 3 groups of fresh water phytoplanktons were recogni MoreIn this research, the quality of water of Band Ali khan wetland, phytoplankton, zooplankton and also some factors such as BOD5, COD, DO were measured seasonally during the year 2005-2006. Results showed in this wetland 3 groups of fresh water phytoplanktons were recognized which were included Bacillariophyceae with 11 genus, Cyanophyceae with 3 genus, Euglenophyceae with one genus. Navicula had the biggest plenty and Euglena had the least. Also 4 genus of zooplankton including Crustacea with two genuses, Rotifer and Cilliata with one genus were recognized. The biggest plenty of zooplankton belonged to Vorticella and the least was Daphnia. The results showed that concentration of water pollutant has reduced significantly in outlet of wetland. Decreasing of concentration of pollutant was 92 % for BOD5 and 94 % for COD. Also the concentration level of dissolved oxygen increased up to 85% in the end part of wetland compared to the entrance of it. Concentration of planktons in the end part of the wetland showed increment compared to the entrance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Heavenly Bodies and the Performance of the Tehran Stock Exchange
Saman Haghighi Niloofar KooklanIn the recent decades, several financial crises have arisen the world over and they have promoted the emergence of a new outlook holding that quantitative economic models based on fundamental factors tend to perform poorly in the prediction of fluctuations. Thus, the st MoreIn the recent decades, several financial crises have arisen the world over and they have promoted the emergence of a new outlook holding that quantitative economic models based on fundamental factors tend to perform poorly in the prediction of fluctuations. Thus, the study of market behaviors has increasingly strengthen its position in the sphere of applied and research studies. Galactic studies and investigating the impacts of supernatural and extraterrestrial factors on the behaviors of finical markets have traditionally been one the topics which have attracted much attention and argument. Reviewing the research literature connected with these studies and using the TGARCH statistical model – which can be best used in heteroskedastic environments (like the returns of stocks and securities) – in this study we have investigated the impacts of the positions of heavenly bodies and their physical activities on the return of the Tehran Stock Exchange. Daily data for a period of 23 years (1992-2015) were used in this study, and information about heavenly bodies was collected from the NASA Data website and the official website of the World Data Center for the production, preservation and dissemination of the international sunspot number. The results obtained showed that the angle between the position of the Saturn and the Mars (as seen by an observer on the Earth) has a significant negative relationship with the return of the Tehran Stock Exchange. Such a relationship, however with further impacts, also exits for the angle between the position of the Saturn and the Jupiter (as seen by an observer on the Earth). Also, findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the return of the Tehran Stock Exchange and the position of the Moon when it is at the full. As to sun spots (solar activities), the results suggested that there is a significant and positive relationship between this factor and the return of the Tehran Stock Exchange. Meantime, the Granger causality test was performed and the results obtained indicated that all factors in the model discussed in this article are, in terms of econometrics, simultaneously the causes of changes in the dependent variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Mathematical Modeling of Micropolar Blood Flow in a Stenosed Artery Under the Body Acceleration and Magnetic Field
AR. Haghighi N. Aliashrafi M. Kiyasatfar -
Open Access Article
49 - A Comparative Study about the Relationship between Man and Architecture from the Aesthetic Perspective in Classical, Modern and Post-modern Periods
Somayeh MoosavianBackground and Objective: The inseparable connection of man and architecture over different periods, either in the form of drawing a relative resemblance or analogy between the structure of the human body and architecture has always been considerable due to either aesth MoreBackground and Objective: The inseparable connection of man and architecture over different periods, either in the form of drawing a relative resemblance or analogy between the structure of the human body and architecture has always been considerable due to either aesthetic reasons or symbolic reasons. The author's attempt is to investigate the type of human-architectural relationship in classical, modern and postmodern periods based on similarities and differences. The aim pursued in this research is a comparative study of this relationship in the aforementioned periods, in order to achieve the cognitive relation between human and architecture from the perspective of the aesthetics. The main question is how western architecture has dealt with human as an aesthetic subject during different periods?Material and Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical qualitative type, and in order to understand the place of man in the architectural aesthetics of different periods, it takes an interpretive point of view by using thematic literature, in a comparative method.Findings: The findings show that the general principles of aesthetics taken from the human body in classical architecture gradually became a complex process in subsequent periods.Discussion and Conclusion: It means, in the classical architecture, the implicit (metaphorical) and symbolic meaning of the aesthetics which was influenced by the human body. These concepts gradually faded to the onset of the modern period. The relationship between architecture and man from an aesthetic point of view in the classical period with an emphasis on its symbolic dimension, and in the modern period, emphasizing its pragmatic dimension, was a purely anatomical approach through mathematical logic. While this approach was transformed by the emergence of postmodernism into perceptional approach; hence, in postmodernism, emphasis is placed on human presence in architecture and cognizance through it, so this two-sided relationship of the body/architecture has come to the subject of "aesthetics experience" through physical perception in post-modernism architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Recognition and Analysis of Theoretical Models of Environmental Psychology with Emphasis on the Role of Human Experience in Perception of the Environment Aesthetics
Somayeh MoosavianBackground and Aim: The physical environment causes man to reveal complicated reactions in the form of feelings, feedback, value, interests and desires. These reactions specifically form the human’s cognitive and perceptual process of the environment in the form o MoreBackground and Aim: The physical environment causes man to reveal complicated reactions in the form of feelings, feedback, value, interests and desires. These reactions specifically form the human’s cognitive and perceptual process of the environment in the form of aesthetics values such as feeling of environmental desirability. The concept of environmental aesthetics is a complex one and has been widely discussed in different theoretical and empirical studies; however, the effects of environmental stimuli and characteristics on the human’s desirable experience of the environment still looks a vague subject. Thus, in the view of the various levels of experiential perception of the space and resulting feeling of desirability, it is imperative to perform various accurate analyses of environmental psychology, as this will help recognize theoretical components to improve the quality of the environment. Accordingly, the following questions are raised: Which characteristics in theoretical models of environmental psychology do form perception of the environmental aesthetics through experience? Which components do constitute the main elements of experiencing the environmental aesthetics? Methods: The present research has a qualitative approach and uses descriptive-analytical method to review the main models to recognize the key approaches related with the concept of experiential aesthetics so that their underlying mechanisms are determined. In this connection, the process and relationship between the variables of the theoretical models is examined via content analysis.Discussion and Conclusion: Results indicated that three main components can be regarded as the structural dimensions of aesthetics dimensions through experience: 1. Continuous action consciousness through interaction with and attention to the environment; 2. Sensory-motor consciousness by arousal and emotions, and 3. Structural consciousness through participation in the environment and environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Challenge on identification of location
Keyvan ShademanGlobalization as a result from the traditional chronological/spatial order collapse is occurring regarding the isolation of Space/Time from Place; this is isolated Space/Time in a infinite field get combined to prepare for possibility of interaction as a social ma MoreGlobalization as a result from the traditional chronological/spatial order collapse is occurring regarding the isolation of Space/Time from Place; this is isolated Space/Time in a infinite field get combined to prepare for possibility of interaction as a social material. Therefore it seems that, the realm of data stream influence in the globalization trend of “Urban/Space/Place” Identity is related to several connections of people and this data stream and the whole society that it is going to establish a new situation by a new vision of Place Identity Definition. A serious look must be taken at Islamic culture and data stream influences as the main part of establish the identity of urban spaces/places; in spite of some definition such as virtual space, virtual body and virtual city look so familiar, they are not described scientifically in Persian resources. One of the aims of this article is presenting a precise research in this field. As the most important end, this article tries to approach a theoric base for the influences and several factors concerning Place Identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A Research on the Body in Shahnameh and Iliad(Comparison of Rostam and Achilles; Mythological Myths of Iran and Greece)
Masoumeh Namroudi Jalleh Ahmad Reza Keikha Farzaneh Mostafa SalariThe most famous Persian epic is "Shahnameh" by Hakim Abolqasem Ferdowsi and the most famous ancient Greek epic "The Iliad and the Odyssey" which is composed by Homer – the blind Greek poet. The present research studies the body in "Shahnameh" and its hero Rostam i MoreThe most famous Persian epic is "Shahnameh" by Hakim Abolqasem Ferdowsi and the most famous ancient Greek epic "The Iliad and the Odyssey" which is composed by Homer – the blind Greek poet. The present research studies the body in "Shahnameh" and its hero Rostam in comparison with Achilles in which their physical strength and power have been compared. The method of the research is based on library and documentary means and two books "Shahnameh" and "Iliad" have been reviewed and the contents have been noted. The result of the study states that Achilles, the first hero of the Iliad, has differences and similarities with Rostam. It is also remarkable that Rostam and Achilles "both are supported by supernatural forces”; Achilles by the gods and Rustam by Phoenix. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A Trait of Hafez in Nari’s Divan
Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Gholamhosein Sharifi Yoosef Karami ChamehKurdish scholars have always looked at Persian poetry with wonder and admiration and they have been affected by it. Various aspects of this influence can be seen in the form of embodiment, translation and similar imagery and common themes. And, among them MoreKurdish scholars have always looked at Persian poetry with wonder and admiration and they have been affected by it. Various aspects of this influence can be seen in the form of embodiment, translation and similar imagery and common themes. And, among them, Hafez’s poetry has been noted more than other poems. In this paper, after an introduction on the literary influence of Kurdish scholars from Persian poetry, we have studied Nari, a mystic poet who lived in the recent centuries. To draw Hafez’s trait in this Kurdish poet’s divan, first we came to these two poets’ favorite themes and concepts. Finally, we have investigated Nari’s four pentacles in them he embodied Hafez’s lyric poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Study and adaptation of the religion and the world and its effects from the perspective of Shahnameh and Kashf Al-Asrar
Seyed Khalil BagheriThe necessity of religion is felt in our age more than any other age, and sometimes they are far from the Hereafter due to paying too much attention to the world. Sometimes, they have ruined their world as a result of approach to the Hereafter. In this article, it has b MoreThe necessity of religion is felt in our age more than any other age, and sometimes they are far from the Hereafter due to paying too much attention to the world. Sometimes, they have ruined their world as a result of approach to the Hereafter. In this article, it has been tried to find out about religion and the world according to the texts that were available, and finally Shahnameh Ferdowsi and Kashf al-Asrar Meybodi and study these two effects by adapting them. The goal was only to accurately understand and discover the true face of the world in the view of these great people. Given the vastness of epic and mystical literature, it is difficult to do the right thing. Ferdowsi and Meybodi both believe that a world where everything is like a wind should not be relied on. Meybodi believes that wealth, life and long life are manifestations that prevent man from the hereafter, but Ferdowsi says that the world is the beginning of treasure and the end of suffering and it depicts a world that is full of lessons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Analysis of the Aesthetic Experience of the Body - Schusterman Foundation regarding Spinoza and Leibniz
Hojjat Goodarzi Hossein Ardalani Mohammad Reza SharifzadehPhilosophy from Plato to the postmodern era of Gilles Deleuze has always been more focused and busy with the mind (duality of subject and object) and has had minimal attention to the object (body). From the beginning of the philosophy of aesthetics codified by Alexander MorePhilosophy from Plato to the postmodern era of Gilles Deleuze has always been more focused and busy with the mind (duality of subject and object) and has had minimal attention to the object (body). From the beginning of the philosophy of aesthetics codified by Alexander Bomgarten to the recent study, either little attention has been paid to the body or the root of this idea has been referred to a wrong reference. The present study aims to examine Richard Schusterman's philosophical views on body-foundation aesthetics, and by referring to the diligent aesthetics and the struggle of Leibniz and Spinoza, first of all, investigates the roots of body-foundation aesthetics not in thought of contemporary philosophers such as Merleau-Ponty and Foucault, but in the sphere of Leibniz's monadology and the struggle of Spinoza; And second, it shows that aesthetics is either essentially a physical-emotional matter or not. Thus, the conatus or Spinoza struggle is the root of all movement and body-consciousness, and every bodily object without attention to the conatus suffers from severe deficiency. This study has been done by analytical-comparative method and with library documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Kashf-ol Asrar a reflection of the Qoran's eloquence
Ali DehghanOne of the prominent aspects of the Qoran is its eloquence and to be God's word is its unique sample .Since a long time ago Arabs have realized the value of this heavenly miracle by being tested in different fields and Muslims have written many books to show its wonders MoreOne of the prominent aspects of the Qoran is its eloquence and to be God's word is its unique sample .Since a long time ago Arabs have realized the value of this heavenly miracle by being tested in different fields and Muslims have written many books to show its wonders. Rashid-e Din Meibodi has explained some of the Qoran's manifestations and several knacks of eloquence, semantics, applied in the Qoran have been discussed in the above commentary. Therefore Kashf-ol Asrar and Oddat-ol Abrar are good sources to show the eloquence of the Qoran .This article is the result of studying rhetorical subjects of the Qoran in ten volumes in Kashf-ol Asrar which shows the important rhetorical points of the Qoran as evidence from the view point of its writer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Translation Methods of Singular Metonymy in Yousef Surah in Some Quran's Translations
Zahra Mohammadi Simin ValviPaying attention to tropes to understand the Quran's facts is essential because of their wide application in Holy Quran. This article studies Quran's translation, trope's concept and its various types and then singular metonymies of Yousef Surah are surveyed to express MorePaying attention to tropes to understand the Quran's facts is essential because of their wide application in Holy Quran. This article studies Quran's translation, trope's concept and its various types and then singular metonymies of Yousef Surah are surveyed to express the translation method in selected ancient translations. The outcome the research shows that the translators did not apply similar method in singular metonymy translation. Some translations were source – based and some were target – based. Translators of Tabari Translation owned the most frequent literal (word to word) translation. Surabadi had the most content translation. Abu l-Futuh al-Razi and Meybodi offered literal, content and interpretational translations equally. It is not possible to propose a significant pattern in singular metonymies but applying and enjoying various methods is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Proteins in the Qoran & tradition
Abdol Majid Taleb Tash Masoome DavoodiThe great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally he MoreThe great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally healthy is undoubtedly essential to achieve human perfection and the kind offood and nutrition has the main role to fulfill this. The prophet ofIslam (p .f. h) considers the stomach as the source of any diseases and blames food and nutrition for any diseases .He considers being thrifty in eating as the best cure. In general there are many verses and traditions about this subject that we can prevent physical. mental and moral diseases by using them .. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - An Approach to the Physical Resurrection in the Holy Quran and New Testament
Akbar FaydeiAll followers of divine religions believe to life after death and know it one of the most fundamental religious issues. All the prophets, along with an invitation to monotheism, have spoken of the resurrection and life after death, and have put faith in t MoreAll followers of divine religions believe to life after death and know it one of the most fundamental religious issues. All the prophets, along with an invitation to monotheism, have spoken of the resurrection and life after death, and have put faith in the hereafter world on their agenda. Resurrection and the ultimate fate of humanity is one of the essential teachings of divine religions. Its implementation brings great intellectual and practical achievements for mankind. Hence, the present paper attempts to compare resurrection in the context of Islamic and Christian thoughts. The physical and spiritual resurrection, connection of soul and body and reward and punishment, represent the topics discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Nutrition Style in Human Health from Verses and Traditions View Point
Tayyebeh Ekran Mehrnaz GoliHealthy and appropriate nutrition is the one which should be free of any pollution and pestiferous factors. It also should be qualitative and full of minerals and energizers that could provide the nutritious needs of the body in different conditions of growth, health an MoreHealthy and appropriate nutrition is the one which should be free of any pollution and pestiferous factors. It also should be qualitative and full of minerals and energizers that could provide the nutritious needs of the body in different conditions of growth, health and sickness. In other word it should contain variety and balance which this paper aims to study the healthy life and nutrition style from Quran and traditions view point in descriptive – analytical method. The healthy and appropriate nutrition makes human healthy physically and mentally from Quran's point of view and this is one of the most important Quran's educational programs. Thus the healthy nutrition is one of the most important effecting criteria for human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Basics of Compassion in Islam and other Religions
Fereshteh Naeimi Abolfazl MahmoudiKindness, mercy, compassion and sympathy are the best and the most important manners of theosophy and vital principle of love mysticism to all creatures which is in fact love to God. In Islamic theology, beloved is unique and generally is Lord. In Buddha religion, compa MoreKindness, mercy, compassion and sympathy are the best and the most important manners of theosophy and vital principle of love mysticism to all creatures which is in fact love to God. In Islamic theology, beloved is unique and generally is Lord. In Buddha religion, compassion is one of the learnings which is of an important status and is a key issue in all stages of life. The final source of compassion is nothing but optimism that derives from Nirvana. Nirvana is Dharma body which Bodhisattva is the complete manifestation of Dharma. The main philosophy of this belief is understanding the reality (tatom asi). Bodhisattva should pass a path for perfection in order to reach tranquility and traverse Dharma level and become full of compassionate and sympathy for all creatures. This article tries to study the basics of compassion in Buddha religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Halal Food from Quran’s Perspective and Food Quality Control
Hamed Ahari Seyyed Amir Ali Anvar Nakisa Sohrabi Haqdoost Bahareh Noroozi Maryam Ataeiin Islamic religions, especially Islam, the necessity of using halal foods and not using (religiously) unclean foods has been emphasized, which can affect human behavior and education. In today's world, having a healthy body and soul is one of the requirements for Morein Islamic religions, especially Islam, the necessity of using halal foods and not using (religiously) unclean foods has been emphasized, which can affect human behavior and education. In today's world, having a healthy body and soul is one of the requirements for achieving happiness in this world and the hereafter. Therefore, in this research, a review of Islam's view on halal food and its effect on human life, and finally, how to determine halal food from unlawful and the differential points of this important is studied to describe its institutionalization as a requirement in today's social sciences. In addition, the share of global markets in this field and competition among Muslim countries is also described. Also, by reviewing the hadiths and narrations of Islam, the proposal for the globalization of the halal food label in all parts of the world is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - An Analysis and Criticism on Persian Translations of Synecdoche Relating Body Parts in Holy Quran
Majid Chegeni Seyyed Mahmoud Mirzaei Al Hosseini Ali NazariThe present paper studies related imageries with body parts in some Verses and intends to discover part of verbal delicacies of Verses by a critical approach to Persian translations of a group of contemporary translators. In this regard this article determines Verses co MoreThe present paper studies related imageries with body parts in some Verses and intends to discover part of verbal delicacies of Verses by a critical approach to Persian translations of a group of contemporary translators. In this regard this article determines Verses containing synecdoche initially and then analyses existing body – based imageries relying interpretive resources. Afterwards it studies the literal and semantic terms in original and target languages and compares verbal and conceptual meanings of terms and their relations in two languages and surveys Persian contemporary translations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The reasons of women’s (body) covering or non-covering in poetry of pre-Islamic era
Seyed Heidar ShiraziThe primitive Arab People ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.In the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.The main reasons to be mentioned are grief MoreThe primitive Arab People ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.In the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.The main reasons to be mentioned are grief and sorrow, fear of captivity in wars, enthusiasm and interests and poverty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluation of serum IgM anti-phosphatidyl choline antibody level in Boo Ali hospital referred Tuberculosis patients in Zahedan
Abbasali Niazi Fateme Kourkinejad Gharaei Nezarali Moulaei Setare Azizi Zahra Kourkinejad GharaeiBackground and purpose: Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti p MoreBackground and purpose: Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti phosphatidyl choline in blood before and during the treatment of an infected person in order to monitor the treatment. Materials and methods: In this study, the infected people who were transferred to Zahedan’s Bou’ali hospital in 1391 and 1392 and whose diseases were confirmed were taken under observation before and after the treatment. existence or lack of cavity was determined and blood was taken from the patients in order to measure the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline. After 2 months, the steps mentioned above were repeated and changes was specified, allays machine and the kit bought from Generic Assey company, were used for measuring the level of IgM in Anti phosphatidyl choline and the achieved data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The number of patients was 76. All the patients were esmir positive at the beginning of the test. After the treatment the esmir in 71 patients (93.42%) was negative (P< 0.0001). 67.1% of them had lung cavity. Conclusion:Considering the result of this study, using the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline can be taken advantage for following the response to the patients’ treatment, even for the patients with cavity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effect of caloric restriction along with functional training and acidic and alkaline diet on body composition, lipid concentration and C-reactive protein in overweight adults
Fahimeh Noori Zohreh Eskandari Mohammad Reza Shiri Shahsavar Elahe YousefiPurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with MorePurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with alkaline, acidic diet and functional exercises on lipid profile, body composition and C-reactive protein levels in obese and overweight adults.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 53 obese and overweight adults (18 men, 35 women) with an average age of 35.4±8.3 years voluntarily participated. Calorie restriction along with alkaline and acidic diet and functional exercises were applied in three experimental groups and one control group for 10 weeks. Body composition (weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, muscle and fat mass, visceral fat), lipid indices (fasting cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Anukova and Bonferroni tests were used to compare groups in the post-test and the significance level was 0.05.Findings: body composition (weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass and visceral fat) and cholesterol decreased in the alkaline diet group along with calorie restriction and functional exercises in overweight and obese people (P≥0.05).Conclusion: Calorie restriction and alkaline diet by reducing acid load along with 10 weeks of functional training lead to improvement of body composition and cholesterol in overweight and obese adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Elements of fiction in Afshin and Bodelaf
Rezvan Karimi Touraj AghdaeeIn Iranian literature, Abol-Fazl Bayhaqi’s Tarikh-e Bayhaqi is a unique masterpiece which has a narrative structure. Bayhaqi opens a window to the historical events, and uses such elements of fiction as characterization, dialogue, point of view, plot details and d MoreIn Iranian literature, Abol-Fazl Bayhaqi’s Tarikh-e Bayhaqi is a unique masterpiece which has a narrative structure. Bayhaqi opens a window to the historical events, and uses such elements of fiction as characterization, dialogue, point of view, plot details and description to make the readers involved and familiar with the setting and atmosphere. He, by so doing, establishes a close relation with his readers. This article is to study Bayhaqi’s art of story-telling through investigating the elements of fiction in the story of “Afshin and Bodelaf” in order to find out whether he had been to narrate stories or applying those elements of fiction in his work had been unintentional. To achieve the answer for that question, all the elements in “Afshin and Bodelaf” are compared to the theories of fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Body transformation Mythical Figures in Azari folkloric myths
Hamideh Hormati Elham AzarBarzinOne of the ways of recognizing beliefs of any nation is examine the mythical symbols and institutes of those nations which have originated from their minds and inners and have been remained in their history, art and literature. Of the most important ways to survive anci MoreOne of the ways of recognizing beliefs of any nation is examine the mythical symbols and institutes of those nations which have originated from their minds and inners and have been remained in their history, art and literature. Of the most important ways to survive ancient myths it could mention to their transformation as folkloric stories that by their cultural functions help lives of mythical figures as a vivid and dynamic body. That is the words of myth and fiction in Iran and the words are mixed together. The story is a weaken form of stronger concept, i.e. myth. When myth in part of its history, by losing part of its holiness as stories that in each period become the place for reflection of several thoughts, new words, customs and rituals and transform itself. Reading these stories introduce us with the mythical bed of these fictions deeply. Azeri myths from the aspect of having samples to body transformation figures have rich wealth, as the present research indicates in Azeri myths several kinds of body transformation, human to animal body transformation and human to human and human to plants and reversely and demon and fairy transmutation and other strange organisms and myths are observable well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Various Types and Bynames of Paradise as Mentioned in Quran and Persian Poetry up to 8th Century (AH)
maryam mohammadzadehIn Persian literature and annotated editions of Quran – like Atib Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, Translation of Tabari Annotations, Kashf Al-Asrar – eight different paradises are talked about, while in two narrations by Ibn-e Abbas seven paradises have been me MoreIn Persian literature and annotated editions of Quran – like Atib Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, Translation of Tabari Annotations, Kashf Al-Asrar – eight different paradises are talked about, while in two narrations by Ibn-e Abbas seven paradises have been mentioned, and Imam Baqer in Kafi has reduced this number to four. This is not, however, the matter of numbers, the names for them are various too. The present research, which is based on library resources and references, has investigated various types and names of Paradise as mentioned in Quran and in Persian poetry up to 8th century (AH). The results revealed that despite common beliefs, there are only four Paradises in Quran: Garden of Eden, Garden of Bliss, Garden of Abode, and Garden of Firdaus, which are titled as Dar Al-Salam, Dar Al-Qarar, Elliyin and Khuld respectively. However, it is a misbelief in common sense and Persian literature that they are altogether eight paradises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Development of a Method for Pb Functionalization and Preparing Immunogenic Complex
Mohammad Khosravi Negar Usefvand Mohammad Reza Tabandeh Masood Ghorbanpoor -
Open Access Article
71 - Application and objectives of body language in the love poems of Badr Shākir al-Siyāb
Abdolahad Gheibi Mahin Hajizadeh Shahla HeidariHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of th MoreHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of this poet through descriptive-analytic approach. The poetic examples are selected from Aẓhār va asāṭīr (Flowers and myths) collection, the majority of its poems are love poems of this Iraqi poet. Since the body language has several subdivisions, the researchers have taken six subdivisions: the language of eyes, the language of hands, the language of face, the language of lips, the language of perfume and hairs. The results of the study show that the language of the poet in these poems is a translation of body languages. The language of the eyes is like charm and beauty; the language of the hands, the most frequent one in the collection, used to convey emotions and completes its expressions by their movements; the language of the lips is mixed with blameful expressions, whereas the language of face is scandalous, because of revealing abundant compact faces in the image of the poet. There is a coherent and close relation between the languages of perfume and hair, so, each one is incomplete if considered separated from the other: the language of perfume reveals hidden madness in strings of hairs, such as the perfumed hairs hanging from the poet's odes height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A Comparison Between the Effect of Playing Games and Doing Aerobics on Some Body Composition Indices of the Obese Female Students
Mehdi Bostani Zeinab AlipourThe purpose of the present study is the comparative review of the effect of two exercising plans on some body composition indices of the obese female girls in Ahwaz. To this aim, 45 obese students in district 1 of the education administration of Ahwaz were purposefully MoreThe purpose of the present study is the comparative review of the effect of two exercising plans on some body composition indices of the obese female girls in Ahwaz. To this aim, 45 obese students in district 1 of the education administration of Ahwaz were purposefully chosen and then they were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 girls. In order to control the participants’ dietary plan, the nutrition remembrance questionnaire was used. Body composition indices including body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage in both pre-test and post-test stages were measured and registered. For inside group comparison, dependent t-test was used and for the comparison of the 3 groups, the variance analysis (ANOVA) as well as Tuckey’s Post Hoc in the significant level of 0.05 were used. The results showed that doing 8 weeks of aerobics and playing games both significantly reduced the BMI and body fat percentage but only playing games could significantly reduce the WHR (P<0.05). According to the results of the present research, it is recommended that in order to control children obesity, in addition to organized exercises, sport activities in the form of playing be used as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The response of oxidative stress indicators to grape seed extract supplementation and resistance training in bodybuilders
fariba joshaghani hamzeh rahmani amin yosefvandBlack grape seed extract (GSE) is one of the supplements that have strong antioxidant effects with flavonoid properties that can prevent or reduce cell damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of oxidative stress indicators to grape seed extract MoreBlack grape seed extract (GSE) is one of the supplements that have strong antioxidant effects with flavonoid properties that can prevent or reduce cell damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of oxidative stress indicators to grape seed extract supplementation and resistance training in bodybuilders. The methodology of the present research was conducted in the form of a semi-experimental design in two supplement and control groups with blood sampling on two occasions before and after taking the supplement in a double-blind manner. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 24 male bodybuilders with an age range of 15-19 years and they were divided into two groups: supplement and placebo. About 5 ml of blood was taken from the subjects in each of the fasting blood sampling sessions. Measurement of blood indices included antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The normality of data distribution was done using ShapiroWilk tests. The findings of the research results indicate that performing bodybuilding resistance exercises caused a significant increase in cell damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and malondialdehyde index and a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Consumption of grape seed extract increased total antioxidant capacity. The present results show that performing bodybuilding activities increases the indicators of cell damage and oxidative stress, and the consumption of grape seed extract (100 mg per day) increases the total antioxidant capacity in male bodybuilders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - An Estimation of Customer Lifetime Value Based on Quality of Services in Mashhad Body Building Gyms
Seyed Mohammad Hosein Hoseini Ravesh Amir MoghaddamThe purpose of the present study is to review an estimation of customer lifetime value (CLV) based on quality of services provided by Mashhad body building gyms. The research method was correlational description and it had an estimation approach. The Research statistica MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review an estimation of customer lifetime value (CLV) based on quality of services provided by Mashhad body building gyms. The research method was correlational description and it had an estimation approach. The Research statistical population consisted of those who enrolled in body building gyms in Mashhad for at least 6 months, among whom 384 members were studied in different gyms ranked from 1 to 3 with respect to their cooperation and accessibility. The research instruments consisted of 2 standard questionnaires including Services Quality by Parmason et al. (1985) and Customer Lifetime Value by Vow Vali (2011) which were distributed among the customers in the gyms through a stratified way. SPSS and LIZREL software programs were used for data analysis. The results showed that by 95% confidence level it can be said that quality of services provided by the gyms can have a significantly positive effect on CLV while no significant correlation was observed between CLV and ranking of the gyms. On the other hand, quality of services and ranking of the gyms have a significant impact on CLV. Therefore, it is recommended to the directors of the gyms to pay more attention to the components which enhance service quality and ranking of their gyms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - A Study of the Relationship between Market Orientation and Customer Satisfaction with Service Quality in Kerman's Body Building Gyms
Milad Eskandari Damaneh Majid Jalali Farahani Amin Dehghan GhahfarokhiThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between market orientation and customer satisfaction with service quality of Kerman's body building gyms. The research method is descriptive and it is considered practical research in terms of purpose. The r MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between market orientation and customer satisfaction with service quality of Kerman's body building gyms. The research method is descriptive and it is considered practical research in terms of purpose. The research population consists of all customers in Kerman’s body building gyms among whom 250 members were chosen by convenience sampling. The research instruments were 2 questionnaires including Narver & Slater Market Orientation (1999) and Rajabi et al. Customer Satisfaction (2003). The questionnaires' validity was confirmed by 11 professors in sport management and their reliability was determined to be 0.76 and 0.84 by Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Test. Data analysis was conducted by Kolmogorov Smirnov Test, Pearson Correlation Test, and Regression analysis using SPSS 23. The results showed that there is a significantly positive relation between components of market orientation (customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination) and customer satisfaction. Therefore, gym managers can set goals to value their customers and assess their satisfaction by providing suitable services such as physical and environmental equipment, good staff, trustworthy coaches, regular workout plans, and easy access to the services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Design and Modeling of Inductively Coupled RFID Antennas
Zahra Aref Darabi Sima HonarmandRadio Frequency Identification is the method identifity object individual by use radiowave. Use this technology we can collect information for production, time and trades. This system is include three section tag, reader and host computer that antenna goal in a RF MoreRadio Frequency Identification is the method identifity object individual by use radiowave. Use this technology we can collect information for production, time and trades. This system is include three section tag, reader and host computer that antenna goal in a RFID tag is couple of chip with reader magnetic fild. In this paper inductively coupled RFID antennas in two different structures, namely arc-shape and dual-body configurations, are presented. High input resistance can be easily achieved with these structures to realize conjugate impedance matching with some tag chips. 1.99dBi and 5.62dBi directivities at 915MHz are also observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Design and implementation of a low voltage regulator and stabilized output using the body power supply solution
vahid dahideh hamed aminzadeh عبدالرسول GhasemiIn this paper, we have designed and implemented low voltage drop regulators and very small output changes using new solutions. In the regulator circuit structure, for the first time, two solutions of body power supply and variable voltage reference have been used. The p MoreIn this paper, we have designed and implemented low voltage drop regulators and very small output changes using new solutions. In the regulator circuit structure, for the first time, two solutions of body power supply and variable voltage reference have been used. The power supply of the body, with the aim of increasing the gain of the regulation loop and using the variable voltage reference, has been done with the aim of further stabilizing the output voltage and increasing the power supply removal ratio (PSRR). Another important point in this paper is the implementation of the error amplifier with the help of three single-headed operational amplifiers with PMOS input, which significantly increases the accuracy of the regulation loop. The obtained PSRR value is equal to 46dB at a frequency of 1KHz. The input voltage can vary between 1.8V to 2.5V and the stabilized output voltage is 1.6V. The maximum output voltage ripple is equal to 1mV, which is equivalent to 0.03%. The output ohmic load is equal to 20 and the average capacitive load is equal to 100pF. The maximum output current for the desired output impedance and voltage drop of 0.2V is equal to 80mA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Philosophical l Deviations of sheikh-ol-rais in imam khomeini''s instructions (GB)
Abdolreza JamalzadehIbnesina is a prominent and Muslim scientist has been introduced broadly in different sciences due to high intelligence and Genius. He is considered as a founder and creator which is unique in his era. Sheikh-ol-rais is head of peripatetic school in the Islamic e MoreIbnesina is a prominent and Muslim scientist has been introduced broadly in different sciences due to high intelligence and Genius. He is considered as a founder and creator which is unique in his era. Sheikh-ol-rais is head of peripatetic school in the Islamic era has influenced the schools and philosophies after himself, one of those who admires him but criticizes is famous scholar called Imam Khomeini. Imam reminds him as the greatest scientist who is unique in terms of genius but has a lot deviations and mistakes. In the paper we are to criticize and consider some philosophical problems of Ibnesina including bodily resurrection, essential motion , wise and sane unity and… in view point of imam Khomeini (GB) and sometimes we apply the opinions of others such as sadr-ol-hokamaye shirazi, although the goal is to prove and justify the continents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi
Omidvar MalmoliThis article aims to study a gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi. Masnavi-e- Molavi is an instructional poetry book and the Molavian believe that all human spirits exist in the eternal world and each of them descends to MoreThis article aims to study a gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi. Masnavi-e- Molavi is an instructional poetry book and the Molavian believe that all human spirits exist in the eternal world and each of them descends to this inferior world whenever they wish , and possess their own bodies in order to take excellency and perfection then elevate again to the eternal world. Through this research I found an opportunity to review Masnavi and examine a fact that all philosophers and gnostics agreed on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - A Simple Method for Designing a Duct for a Multi-Component Ducted Propulsion System
N. M. Nouri Mehrdad Kalantar Neyestanaki Saber Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
81 - Modeling and Simulation of 6DOF Robot Manipulators with Tactile Position-Force Control
Mohammad Reza Najafi Ahmad Khoogar Hadi Darabi -
Open Access Article
82 - Antihyperlipidemic activity of a unani formulation in high fat diet-induced obese murine model
Md Rafiul Haque Shahid Hussain Ansari -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigation of Relationship between Disordered Eatings and Body Checking Behaviors in the Students of Islamic Azad University of Arsanjan
بهناز سروره عظیمزاده اصغر رضویه محمدرضا محرریEating disorders, the most common psychiatric disorders, which are located on a continuum and at the beginning of its healthy eating, disordered eatings in the middle and at the end of continuum anorexia and bulimia. Research purposes: a) Relationship between disordered MoreEating disorders, the most common psychiatric disorders, which are located on a continuum and at the beginning of its healthy eating, disordered eatings in the middle and at the end of continuum anorexia and bulimia. Research purposes: a) Relationship between disordered eatings and behavior of body checking b) differences in the behavior of men and women of disordered eating and body checking behavior. Since the factors of eating disorders have major role in prevention programs, has conducted research necessary appears. Method: 140 men and women students of azad university of arsanjan to the random sampling method cluster were selected. The tool includes a body checking questionnaire (BCQ) eating attitude test( EAT-26) were. For statistical analysis information correlation cofficient and stepwise regression and independent t-test groups were used. Results: In the total sample (P ≤0/0001) and women with excess disordered eating, body check more (P ≤0/001). Also, the total sample (P ≤0/0001) and women (P ≤0/001) and men (P ≤0/02), increasing in signs of dieting was observed with more body checks. body checking behavior in women than men more (P ≤0/03) and in men more than women Bulimia and Preoccupation with food (P ≤0/02) was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Relationship between Overweight with Self â Esteem Depression, Life Style and Body â Self in Self â Referred Woman to Weight Decrease Centers
محسن گلپرور محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار بیتا ریسمانچیانAbstract :This research administered with the aim of investigate relation between overweight in self–referred woman to weight decrease centers with self– esteem, depression, life style and body–self in Isfahan city. For reach to research aims, in spring mounts of year, MoreAbstract :This research administered with the aim of investigate relation between overweight in self–referred woman to weight decrease centers with self– esteem, depression, life style and body–self in Isfahan city. For reach to research aims, in spring mounts of year, persons of self– referred woman to decrease or control weight centers (from three private doctor's office) selected with the use of simple random sampling. The questionnaires which used in this research were: Cooper Smit's self esteem questionnaire, Tam Cash's body–self questionnaire, Beck s depression questionnaire and life style questionnaire. The overweight measured with using difference between ideal weight and current weight (that is, the time of refer to decrease weight center). The cronbach s alpha for the research instruments were (for self – esteem), (for depression), (for life style) and (for body–self) respectively. The data analyzed with using Pearson's correlation coefficient, enter and stepwise regression analysis. The results of data analysis revealed that overweight only have significant relation with depression (r = , P < ) , with subjective weight (r = , P < ) and with appearance evaluation (r = , P < ). In enter regression, subjective weight and fitness orientation (two subscale of body–self questionnaire) have significant predictive power for prediction of overweight and stepwise regression analysis showed that subjective weight, fitness orientation and appearance evaluation, respectively have significant predictive power for prediction of overweight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Body Management and its Relation with Body Image and Self Concept
مهوش رقیبی غلامرضا میناخانیThe purpose of this study was done to explore the correlation between body management, body image and self concept. Statistical population of this research was all students of Sistan and Baluchestan University, 385 students (190 female and 195 male who were selected t MoreThe purpose of this study was done to explore the correlation between body management, body image and self concept. Statistical population of this research was all students of Sistan and Baluchestan University, 385 students (190 female and 195 male who were selected through a multi -stage cluster . The participants were asked to complete the Body Management, multidimensional body–self relations questionnaire: MBSRQ (Cash, 1997) , and Rogers's self-concept Scales (1951). Results analysis, using Pearson Correlation test, revealed a significant negative relationship (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Prediction of General Health on the Basis of Body Image, Life Stress and Personality Characteristics
zeynab khanjaniThe aim of the present study was to predict students general health by body image, life stress and personality characteristics. The research employed a correlation study. 200 students were selected from different fields of Tabriz university through multistage rando MoreThe aim of the present study was to predict students general health by body image, life stress and personality characteristics. The research employed a correlation study. 200 students were selected from different fields of Tabriz university through multistage random sampling. Scaling in Life Events (Paykel, et al, 1975), Multi-dimensional Inventory of body-self relation (Cash, 1994) personality Questionnaire (Eysenck, 1985) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg and Hillier. 1979) were used. Data analysed by Pearson correlation model and step by step regression analysis. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between psychological stresses and mental and general health in students, but there was no significant correlation between psychological stresses and body image, and three personality factors. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between general health and neuroticism and a significant positive correlation between general health and extraversion. Results of step by step regression analysis showed that only three variables of neuroticism, body image and psychological stress can predict students mental and physical health (P < 0.001). Also, extraversion and psychosis didn’t predict students mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The structural model to explain the quality of life Students based on the combination of physical, social physique anxiety and mental health
mehdi molaei yasavoli zahra ghanbari hadi molaei yasavoli dariush khajaviThe purpose of this study was to explain the quality of life based on physical fitness, social anxiety, and mental health among students. The research method in this research is correlation and type of path analysis studies. 240 students from Allameh Tabataba'i Universi MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the quality of life based on physical fitness, social anxiety, and mental health among students. The research method in this research is correlation and type of path analysis studies. 240 students from Allameh Tabataba'i University who were studying in 1994-1994 were selected using available sampling method. Participants completed Quality of Life questionnaires (World Health Organization, 1989), Mental Health (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979), and Social Anxiety (Hart et al., 1989). Body mass index was used to assess body composition. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and 22AMOS software. The results of path analysis indicated that the highest quality of life path coefficient was obtained from social anxiety of the organs (-0.35), followed by mental health (-0.23) and body composition (-0.20), respectively. The indirect effect of body composition on the quality of life of female students was significant due to social anxiety of the limb. In addition, indirect effect of social anxiety is significant with the role of mental health intermediates on quality of life (-0.09). According to the results of this study, proper body composition can reduce the social anxiety of the limbs and increase mental health and improve the quality of life of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The Effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan
mansooreh shamsi Hossein MolaviThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan. The research design was semi-experimental resea MoreThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan. The research design was semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test and control group. Statistical publication also included all of overweight women in city of Isfahan in spring 2017, that were identified by use BMI index above 25. For doing research, 30 of these women were selected by random sampling and were assigned randomly in experimental and control group (15 each), and experimental group treated by MBCT program. In pre-test and post-test stages, Satisfaction work life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) (Cash, Winstead & Janda, 1986), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were used. The data was analyzed by Covariance analysis. Results showed that Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) had a significant effects to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan in experimental group (p < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Effectiveness of Multidimensional Spiritual Therapy with a Focus on Weight Loss and its effect on Emotional Stability, Self-Control, and Body Mass Index in Overweight Women
mina shamsolahrari shahnaz nouhi ahmad aliporThe aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-t MoreThe aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all obese and overweight women referred to the Counseling and Psychology Clinic in District 3 of Tehran in 1398, and among them, 30 people were selected using the available sampling and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. . The Cattle Questionnaire (1973) was then completed by both groups, and both height and weight were measured. After that, a multidimensional spiritual therapy program with a focus on weight loss was implemented on the experimental group. The post-test was then performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and covariance analysis method. The findings showed that multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss increased emotional stability and self-control, and decreased body mass index (P = 0.001). Therefore, it can be said that teaching weight loss methods, if accompanied by the element of spirituality, can both affect weight loss and affect the regulation of emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Effect of Teaching Happiness Using Cognitive-Behavioral Method on Hope for Life and Achievement Motivation among Female Ninth Grade Students with Body Image Dissatisfaction in Isfahan
shiva akhtarian masoud salimi maryam shahandehThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of teaching happiness using cognitive-behavioral method on hope for life and achievement motivation of female students dissatisfied with their body image. For this purpose, by sampling clusters from junior high school stud MoreThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of teaching happiness using cognitive-behavioral method on hope for life and achievement motivation of female students dissatisfied with their body image. For this purpose, by sampling clusters from junior high school students of Isfahan in the academic year(2019-2020) one school was selected and all the ninth grade students of this school (n =90) took body image concern questionnaire (Littleton, Axsom, & Pury, 2005). Based on the results, 28 subjects who had the highest body image concern were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 14 subjects, experiments and controls. Examiners of both groups completed hope scale questionnaire (Snyder, Harris, & Anderson, 1991) and achievement motivation questionnaire (Hermans, 1970). Students in the experimental group attended 10 90-minute cognitive-behavioral happiness training (Fordayce, 1983). The subjects in the control group were not given any training. After conducting the trainings, the subjects of both groups completed the hope scale and the achievement motivation questionnaires again. For analysis, the statistical analysis method of covariance was used.The results showed that teaching happiness using cognitive-behavioral method has an effect on improving the level of hope for life and achievement motivation of female students with body image dissatisfaction (p <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Body Image, Impulsiveness and Social Adjustment in 14-18 Years Old Obese Teen Girls
Maryam Sepyani Malihe Sadat KazemiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness training on body image, impulsivity and social adjustment in obese girls in Najafabad city. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group. And the Stat MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness training on body image, impulsivity and social adjustment in obese girls in Najafabad city. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group. And the Statistical population, was all the obese girls at the first half of 1397 in Najafabad city . At first, 30 female high school students in grade 1 and 2 with a range of 14 to 18 years old who were considered obese according to the body mass index (BMI) were selected purposefully. Then they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (each group was 15). Both groups answered to three questionnaires before training: Multidimensional Body Relationships, (Cache, 1990), Barratt impulsivity Inventory, (Patton, Stanford & Barratt, 1995) and California Social Adaptation Inventory (Thorpe, Clark & Tiegs, 1939). The experimental group underwent mindfulness training (8 sessions; 90 minutes) and after completing the training, the questionnaires were completed by both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance with SPSS 21 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in body image, impulsivity and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, a comparison of the scores in the post-test scores of the antisocial orientation component showed that the experimental group obtained higher scores than the control group and showed that the experimental group, after training the mindfulness training, in the anti-antithesis component. It has had better social, adaptability and performance. Therefore, Mindfulness training can be effective in improving body image, impulsivity and social adaptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A Review on Electronic Health Systems for Remote Monitoring Vital Symptoms of Patients (Case Study: Wireless Body Sensor Networks)
Amin Karimi Dastgerdi -
Open Access Article
93 - Detection of Accelerated Osteointegration in Surface Modified Dental Implants with Sensor Nodes Located in Wireless Network of Body Areas
moluk EyvaziIntroduction: Intraosseoues Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration. Endosseous dental implants have been well accepted for replacing missing teeth in today’s dental practice. The success of dental implant therapy is essentially based on t MoreIntroduction: Intraosseoues Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration. Endosseous dental implants have been well accepted for replacing missing teeth in today’s dental practice. The success of dental implant therapy is essentially based on the process of osseointegration. These success rates depends on the mechanical,structural and surfaces properties in contact with the jaw bone and timely identification of osseointegration process. In zirconia implants,the combined surface modification of femtosecond laser and bioceramic coatings is important to accelerateosteointegration.The major challenge for contemporary dental implantologists is to provide oral rehabilitation to patients with healthy bone conditions asking for rapid loading protocols or to patients with quantitatively or qualitatively compromised bone. These charging conditions require advances in implant surface design.The elucidation of bone healing physiology has driven investigators to engineer implant surfaces that closely mimic natural bone characteristics.The type of surface modification has a great effect on uniting the implant with the jawbone. But still many problems such as osseointegration defect and infection adjacent to the implant lead to their failure in clinical applications This paper provides a comprehensive overview of surface modifications that beneficially alter the topography, hydrophilicity, and outer coating of dental implants in order to enhance osseointegration in healthy as well as in compromised bone.Method: It is important to use effective surface modification methods and apply appropriate coatings in order to create successful osseointegration and preventing bacteria from adhesion. Results: Byreducing periimplantitis and accelerating osseointegration, it will lead to improved repair and clinical success. The review gives an insight of the various surface modifications and designs that can be successfully applied on dental implants so that a greater level of osseointegration can be achieved.Discussion: Major advancements have been made in order to develop implants with innovative surface topography and design. These modifications have greatly influenced the rate and degree of osseointegration. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was study new methods of surface modification for detecting of accelerating osteointegration by sensory nodes that located in wireless body area network, reducing the periimplantitis and aims to comprehensively discuss currently available implant surface modifications commonly used in implantology in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation,which is critical for clinicians to choose the most suitable materials to improve the success and survival of implantation and Follow-up of patients at any time without the use of X-rays with sensory nodes that located in body area wireless network. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Survey Of Digestive Enzymes Activity, Body Composition and Intestine Bacterial Flora Of Sobaity (Sparidentexhasta) Fingerling in Response to Different Levels Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharide
Vahid Morshedi Naser Agh Jasem Marammazi Farzaneh Norii Takavar MohammadianInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study i MoreInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hastaMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. Results: The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Amplification Of vh and vl Gene Fragments from RNA Source Of Single Human Plasma Cell
Laya Esmati Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi Hamideh Rouhaninejad Masomeh BazazInroduction and ObjectiveThe first generation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies was isolated from mouse. One of the disadvantages of them was stimulating immune response in human. Fully human monoclonal antibodies are significantly considered due to their high effici MoreInroduction and ObjectiveThe first generation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies was isolated from mouse. One of the disadvantages of them was stimulating immune response in human. Fully human monoclonal antibodies are significantly considered due to their high efficiency and low immunogenic potential. Nowadays different kind of techniques such as phage display and single B cell technology are used to produce fully human mAb. The aim of this project was amplification of VH and VL genes from RNA source of Human plasma cell.Materials and Methods:With the aim of isolation and amplification of VH and VL regions, single cell RT-PCR reaction was performed. Single plasma cells were lysed by using cell lysis buffer. By using synthesized cDNA from plasma cells and antibody specific primers, antibody genes were amplified. Six pair of primers utilized to amplify the variable region of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL). Restriction sites and the linker sequences were placed on primer sequences due to respectively cloned in target plasmid and to link VH and VL. Results: Electrophoresis represented VH and VL fragments with 400 bp length were amplified by PCR. The VH and VL gene sequences were BLAST separately and showed 97% similarity among other antibodies gene sequence.Conclusion: Primer sets were selected and designed which contain linker sequence for ScFv construction, NcoI and NotI restriction sites in order to clone directly into an expression vector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Expression and comparison of growth gene (IGF-1) in native and non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in three different sizes
Mohammad Reza Ghomi Maryam Haghi Mahmoud Mohseni Masoud GhaneInroduction & Objective: Fish growth is regulated by many environmental and physiological factors and is shaped by the genetic background of each organism. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays an important role in various biological processes of fish. This stu MoreInroduction & Objective: Fish growth is regulated by many environmental and physiological factors and is shaped by the genetic background of each organism. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays an important role in various biological processes of fish. This study aimed to examine the rate of expression of IGF-I mRNA growth gene at different stages of growth in local and imported rainbow trout in Iran. Materials and Methods: Hence, local and imported trout fish in three sizes of small, medium and large, with a total mean weight and size of 453.66±244.34 gr and 32.25±6.78 cm, respectively, were obtained from the fish breeding center in Guilan province (Rasht). First, 20 mg samples of the liver tissue of the fish were obtained under sterile conditions after anesthesia from both local and imported breeds. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed according to the RT-PCR standard method in the Genetics Research Laboratory of Tonekabon Azad University. Results: The results showed that the expression of IGF-I gene was significantly different between local and imported breeds so that the highest and lowest gene levels were in the small size of imported breed and medium size of local breed, respectively (P<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the amount of gene expression and weight and length of fish (P˃0.05), while IGF-I expression showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the fish size.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the IGF-I gene may play a key role in the growth and development of rainbow trout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparison of Body Size and Steroid Hormones of Female Beluga Sturgeon Huso huso Based on Gonad Echogenicity Status in Sonography
roghieh bahrevar mohammad reza ghomi mehdi SohrabnezhadInroduction & Objective: Beluga sturgeon(Huso huso) is one of the most valuable species of sturgeon for breeding and rearing in aquaculture farms. Understanding the quality of gonads, especially gonads in female, is essential to the success of breeding and reproduci MoreInroduction & Objective: Beluga sturgeon(Huso huso) is one of the most valuable species of sturgeon for breeding and rearing in aquaculture farms. Understanding the quality of gonads, especially gonads in female, is essential to the success of breeding and reproducing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in body size (length and weight) and steroid hormones based on the echogenicity (volume and color) observed from gonad in ultrasound on 4-year-old female beluga sturgeon (n=20) Material and Method: For this purpose, the fish were bio-assayed and blood analyzed. The SonoAce R3 was used for ultrasound by adjusting the frequency between 8-9 Hz, hormonal assay was performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: Mean total weight (TW), total length (TL), standard length (SL), condition factor (CF) of fish were 9.96 kg, 114.45 cm, 101.65 cm, 0.93 and mean of E2, T and 17,20OH-P were 0.49, 0.28 and 41.7 ng/ml, respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of morphometric parameters in different gonadal colors in sonographic observations (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between their mean values with respect to different gonad volumes in the ultrasound observations (p<0.05) whereas fish with a higher average of total weight, total length, standard length, and condition factor showed good gonad volume in the ultrasound observations. There was also no significant difference between mean values of steroid hormones in terms of volume and color of gonad (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Since the larger fish had a favorable gonad volume in the ultrasound observations, thus, separation and maintenance of such stocks for reproduction is more desired and reduces costs. Also steroid hormones in 4-year-old female beluga are not associated with gonadal echogenicity characteristics and cannot be used as a determination method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - A pyogenic granuloma on buccal mucosa related to an embedded tooth root
Zahra Jafari Sara Asgarian Amir Mansour Shirani -
Open Access Article
99 - Embodiment Of Deeds and Soul Faculties in Mystics’ Viewpoint
Akbar AsadalizadehAccording to mysticism and literary contexts, in the life after death, human beings would acquire an identity that is appropriate with their deeds and beliefs that leads to embodiment of their behavior, attributes and all goodness and badness of their soul faculties. MoreAccording to mysticism and literary contexts, in the life after death, human beings would acquire an identity that is appropriate with their deeds and beliefs that leads to embodiment of their behavior, attributes and all goodness and badness of their soul faculties. If the attributes of predatory animals and savages overcome them and they used to get absorbed in lust and soul desires, they would obtain the form of predatory animals and savages. However, if they leave life with believing and obeying God’s commands, they would get into fairness, purity and sweet smelling. Anyone having insight would be able to observe the identity of his or her own and others. However, most persons are not able to do so. Once the veil of truth is removed and everyone is buried, all can be observed with insight while everyone is in proper features and shapes. Light and fairness of scorpions and serpents that surrounds them, in fact, are all the faculties and attributes that will be revealed in the world after life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Spirits Of the Mystical Rumi
Farhad Edrisi Nozar JalilpourAccording to Rumi‚ the soul of the universe itself is remote‚ trapped and killed in prison ‚such as straw and the desire to see the universe in this cage began to complain. He says all of the beauty can be seen because it is a reflection of his soul. When the soul is se MoreAccording to Rumi‚ the soul of the universe itself is remote‚ trapped and killed in prison ‚such as straw and the desire to see the universe in this cage began to complain. He says all of the beauty can be seen because it is a reflection of his soul. When the soul is separated from the body‚ the body decays and the smell will spread everywhere. Therefore the soul is single, and it has no malfunction or need to drop in it. In existence‚ soul was spiritual and pure because of joining the body. Soul changes every moment‚ that we call it sensuality‚ blaming, reassuring, etc. But soul is external ‚ it's place of knowledge revelation and oracle. It is the sense of angels and separated from the body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - An Efficient Strain Based Cylindrical Shell Finite Element
M Bourezane -
Open Access Article
102 - Antibody production against Chlorpyrifos Pesticide (first experience in Iran)
Maryam Basirian Sohrab Imani Kambiz LarijaniNowadays use of pesticides is common in agriculture and so many investigations are carried out annually for determination of pesticide residue in crops with gas and liquid chromatography. But these methods are expensive and time consuming. Developing new methods o MoreNowadays use of pesticides is common in agriculture and so many investigations are carried out annually for determination of pesticide residue in crops with gas and liquid chromatography. But these methods are expensive and time consuming. Developing new methods of immunoassays like ELISA is interesting for many researchers. In this research, an evaluation of production of antibody against chlropyrifos was done. Pesticide was broken, then conjucation was made with protein BSA and a rabbit got immunized by injection. Then after different intervals the blood was collected and titer was determined with ELISA reader showing a great difference with the reference. This method is cheap, easy and more sensitive as compared to chromatography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Oath in Beyhaghi History
taghi amini fard zeynab torabiPersian literature in its long and vast history, has introduced great people who have created invaluable meanings and rituals and contributed greatly to the enhancement of a humane and humanitarian culture in the human society. Among the estimable and valuable rituals MorePersian literature in its long and vast history, has introduced great people who have created invaluable meanings and rituals and contributed greatly to the enhancement of a humane and humanitarian culture in the human society. Among the estimable and valuable rituals in Persian literature, the ritual of oath has a special status. BeyhaghiHistoryis one of the works in which the ritual of oath has been very frequently used. In this work, the author focuses on such topics as taking an oath, swearing somebody, swearing caliphs and emirs in, making an affidavit, and the presence of witnesses. The present article briefly covers these issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of aerobic training with two different intensities on body composition, aerobic capacity, and salivary hormones of overweight men
Ebrahim Safari Alireza Elmieh Maryam Safari mina safari -
Open Access Article
105 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and Anethum herbal supplementation on lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease in inactive obese men
Ardeshir Zafari Taher Jalili -
Open Access Article
106 - The Effect of Concurrent Aerobic and Pilates Training on Body Composition and Glucose Hemostasis on Obese Non-Menopausal Women
Kimia Poornoruz Sara JafariIntroduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is very high in the north of Iran, it is a signal of serious health problems and should be the focus of special attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of concurrent aerobic and Pilat MoreIntroduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is very high in the north of Iran, it is a signal of serious health problems and should be the focus of special attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of concurrent aerobic and Pilates exercises on body composition and glucose homeostasis in obese non-menopausal women. Material & Methods: 28 eligible women were randomly divided into experimental (EG), and control groups (CG). The training protocol consisted of two sessions per week, and each session was 90 minutes of aerobic and Pilates exercises. body mass index (BMI), The Waist-to-hip Ratio (WHR), body fat percent (BF%), fasting blood sugar(FBS), body obesity index, muscle mass, insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) were measured before and after 12 weeks exercise training. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in subcutaneous fat (%), WHR, and Insulin in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test (p0.05). Conclusion: Concurrent aerobic and Pilates training programs probably improve body composition indices, and decrease serum insulin in obese women with normal blood glucose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effects of exercise intervention to improve body composition and chemerin in middle-aged overweight women
Mohsen Salesi Shakiba Gani -
Open Access Article
108 - Effect of vitamin E supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness in young men
Mostafa Kashef -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect of 12-weeks Selected Physical Exercise Alone or Combined with Omega-3 Supplement on Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Young Non-Athlete Women
Eskandar Rahimi Somayeh Saffari Sarah Hojjati Salman Vojdani Mehdi Noura -
Open Access Article
110 - The effects of concurrent training with and without branch chain amino acids on lipid profiles and testosterone level of male body-builders
Payam Rafiee Eskandar Rahimi -
Open Access Article
111 - Remote Sensing and Land Use Extraction for Kernel Functions Analysis by Support Vector Machines with ASTER Multispectral Imagery
E. Akbari N. Amiri H. AziziLand use is being considered as an element in determining land change studies, environmental planning and natural resource applications. The Earth’s surface Study by remote sensing has many benefits such as, continuous acquisition of data, broad regional coverage, MoreLand use is being considered as an element in determining land change studies, environmental planning and natural resource applications. The Earth’s surface Study by remote sensing has many benefits such as, continuous acquisition of data, broad regional coverage, cost effective data, map accurate data, and large archives of historical data. To study land use / cover, remote sensing as an efficient technology, is always desired by experts. In this case, classification could be considered as one of the most important methods of extracting information from digital satellite images. Selecting the best classification method and applying the proper values for parameters extremely influence the trust level of extracted land use maps. This research is an applied study which attempts to introduce Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification method, a recent development from the machine learning community. Moreover, we prove its potential for structure–activity relationship analysis on Aster multispectral data of central county of Kabodar-Ahang region in Hamedan, Iran. Accuracy of SVMs method is varied by the type of kernel functions and its parameters. The purpose of this research is to find the accuracy of Land use extraction by SVM method by Polynomial and radial basis functions kernel with their estimated optimum parameters in addition to compare the results with Maximum Likelihood method. Most of the scientists imply that Maximum Likelihood method is suitable for classification. Therefore, we try to compare SVM with ML method and to deliberate the efficiency of this new method in classification progress on Aster multispectral data. The accuracy of SVM method by Polynomial and radial basis functions kernel with optimum parameters and ML classification methods achieved 93.18%, 91.77% and 88.35 % respectively as an overall accuracy. By comparing the accuracy of these methods, SVM method by Polynomial kernel was evaluated as suitable. Therefore, we can suggest using SVM method especially with the use of Polynomial kernel to determine land use. In general, the results of this research are very practical in natural resources conservation planning and studies. Also, this study verifies the effectiveness and robustness of SVMs in the classification of remotely sensed images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Presenting a Structural Model of Body Image based on Sexual Schemas, Personality Type, Attitude to Eating with the Mediation of Perfectionism in People with Cultural Damage and Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Roghaye Eslam nia Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorban ShiroudiThe purpose of the present study was to propose a structural model of body image based on gender schemas, personality type, attitude to eating with the mediation of perfectionism in individuals with cultural pathology and body dysmorphic disorder referred to the beauty MoreThe purpose of the present study was to propose a structural model of body image based on gender schemas, personality type, attitude to eating with the mediation of perfectionism in individuals with cultural pathology and body dysmorphic disorder referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the research embraced individuals who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr cities). The sample included 330 participants whom were selected through purposive procedure. The method of the current research was correlational of structural equation modeling (SEM) one. Data was collected by implementing Tan Sooto and Garcia's (2002) Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire, Cyranowski (1994) Sexual Schema Questionnaire, Costa and McCrae's (1996) Personality Type Questionnaire, Mintz et al.'s (2000) Eating Attitude Questionnaire, Terry-Shorte et al. and Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995). To analyze the data structural equation modeling was applied via utilizing SPSS22 and Amose23 software. The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between gender schemas and body image in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder with the mediation of perfectionism. The results also indicated that personality type was significantly correlated to body image in participants with body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of perfectionism. There was also a significant correlation between eating attitude and body image in subjects with body dysmorphic disorder, with the mediation of perfectionism. Finally, the findings revealed that body image was significantly related to all the investigated variables, and in fact, it could be concluded that since the appearance of a person is a part of a person's personality and identity and it appears in cultural and social situations dissatisfaction with it provides a risk factor for many disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Relationship of Body Image, Quality of Life and Perceived Stress with Eating Disorder in Male and Female Students
Yousef Salehi Asl Farah NaderiThe Research was intended to examine the relationship of body image, quality of life and perceived stress with eating disorder in male and female students among the girl and boy students of fourth grade high school in Behbahan.200 students were selected randomly as test MoreThe Research was intended to examine the relationship of body image, quality of life and perceived stress with eating disorder in male and female students among the girl and boy students of fourth grade high school in Behbahan.200 students were selected randomly as test sample (100 boys and 100 girls). The research was a correlation type. Body Image Inventory (BICI), Quality of Life Questionnaire (WhOQOL) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Ahwaz Eating Disorder Inventory (AEDI) were implemented as data source. To analyze the data Pearson correlation coefficient and multi variables regression analysis were applied as main statistical procedure. The results indicated that there was positive significant correlation between body image and eating disorder concerning anorexia and hyperorexia. The results also showed that there was negative significant relationship between quality of life and eating disorder. The perceived stress was associated positively and significantly with eating disorder as well. The regression analysis also demonstrated that body image and quality of life significantly well predicated the eating disorder in the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Relationship Between Body Shape And Management Of Cultural Capital Among Women
هابیل Heidarkhani لیلا Hajiaghaei Gh. A. RahmaniDue to the significance of the beauty and the body, especially in contemporary society, the aim of this study was to investigate various aspects of cultural capital and body management of the women in Kermanshah. The population of the study was the women of 15 to 29 yea MoreDue to the significance of the beauty and the body, especially in contemporary society, the aim of this study was to investigate various aspects of cultural capital and body management of the women in Kermanshah. The population of the study was the women of 15 to 29 years of age in Kermanshah. 320 women were selected as the sample. The current research implemented field survey techniques and researcher`s initiated questionnaire to study cultural capital and the body management. In order to answer the main question of the study the overall relationship and different aspects of cultural capital ( (behavioral manifestation ,the realized cultural capital and the internalized knowledge), economic status, age and marital status as independent variables and the body management among women as the dependent variable were examined and analyzed. Using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions the results showed that all the independent variables except the age had direct significant positive relationship with the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Relationship Between Body Image Concen, Self-Concept, Self- Esteem with Eating Disorders in Female Students of Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch
سحر Safarzadeh فاطمه سادات MarashianThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body image concerns, self-concept, and self-esteem with eating disorders in female students of Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch. The sample included 200 subjects who were selected by stratified MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body image concerns, self-concept, and self-esteem with eating disorders in female students of Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch. The sample included 200 subjects who were selected by stratified random sampling. For the measurement of the variable, Body Image Concen Inventory (BICI), Beck Self Concept Test (BSCT), Self-Esteem Cooper Smith Scale and Ahwaz Eating Disorders Inventory (AEDI) were used. To analyze data Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression were employed as statistical methods. The results revealed that there were significant relations between body image concerns, self-concept and self-esteem with eating disorders. The regression results also showed that self-esteem, body image concerns and self-concept were significant predictive variables concerning eating disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Role of Spiritual Intelligence and Resilience in Prediction of Body Image Concern and Selfeffcacy in Physical Education Female Students
Fatemeh Sadat MarashianThe aim of this research was to predict body image concern and self-effcacy based on of spiritual intelligence and resilience in physical education students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. The sample included 100 individuals amongst the femalel students o MoreThe aim of this research was to predict body image concern and self-effcacy based on of spiritual intelligence and resilience in physical education students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. The sample included 100 individuals amongst the femalel students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University that were selected via simple random sampling. The instruments for gathering data were: Emram & Drayer Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Conner & Davidson Resiliency Scale, Body image Concen Inventory and Sherer & Adamse General Self-Effcacy Questionnaire. The research was a canonical correlation and data analysis by canonical correlation procedure revealed: there were signifcant relations between spiritual intelligence and resilience with body image concerning and self-effcacy. The results also indicated that: the strongest correlation existed between spiritual intelligence from the frst set of variables (independent) and self-effcacy from second set of variables (dependent). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Convenient Synthesis of benzo[f][1,3,4]thiadiazocin derivatives
Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
118 - ارزیابی تصفیهخانه فاضلاب شهر خرمشهر با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی و مصنوعی و ماشینبردار پشتیبان و امکان استفاده از آن برای مصارف کشاورزی
علی ایران فر علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی رضا جلیل زاده ینگجهدر این تحقیق از شبکه عصبی و مصنوعی و ماشین‎بردار پشتیبان جهت ارزیابی فاضلاب تصفیه‎خانه شهر خرمشهر استفاده شده است. همچنین امکان استفاده فاضلاب این شهر برای مصارف کشاورزی بررسی گردید. در این تحقیق از مقادیر ماهیانه BOD، COD، TS و TSS که مورد نیاز در این پژوهش بود Moreدر این تحقیق از شبکه عصبی و مصنوعی و ماشین‎بردار پشتیبان جهت ارزیابی فاضلاب تصفیه‎خانه شهر خرمشهر استفاده شده است. همچنین امکان استفاده فاضلاب این شهر برای مصارف کشاورزی بررسی گردید. در این تحقیق از مقادیر ماهیانه BOD، COD، TS و TSS که مورد نیاز در این پژوهش بودند مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و همچنین از این مقادیر جهت ارزیابی فاضلاب تصفیه­خانه شهر خرمشهر جهت استفاده در مصارف کشاورزی استفاده گردید. کاربرد مدل شبکه عصبی­مصنوعی، برای پیش­بینی کیفیت پساب خروجی تصفیه­خانه­های فاضلاب نیز امکان پذیر می­باشد. مدل منتخب ANN (LM) از دقت مناسبی در تخمین به‎هنگام BOD5 برخوردار بود. به هر حال این مدل در پیش­بینی مقادیر حدی بیشینه از عملکرد ضعیف­تری برخوردار بود. با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه­سازی جست‎وجوی شبکه دو مرحله­ای، مقادیر بهینه مشخصه­های مدل SVM یعنی ɛ، C و γ به ترتیب معادل 037/0، 13 و 472/1 به دست آمد. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج به دست­آمده در این تحقیق مدل SVM برای پیش­بینی به‎هنگام BOD5 برای تصفیه­خانه شهر خرمشهر توصیه شد. با توجه به نتایج به‎دست آمده از آنالیز کیفی فاضلاب ورودی پساب خروجی تصفیه شده راندمان حذف BOD5 برابر با 88 درصد، COD برابر با 92 درصد، TDS برابر با 70 درصد و حذف TSS برابر با 27 درصد می­باشد. شوری پساب تصفیه­خانه فاضلاب شهر خرمشهر با مینیم­شوری 208، ماکزیمم 3050 و میانگین 1544 میکروموس بر سانتی­متر اندازه­گیری شد. بنابراین پساب تصفیه­خانه فاضلاب این شهر در گروه C3، آب­های قابل‎قبول قرار دارد. براساس مقدار سدیم پساب خروجی فاضلاب این تصفیه‎خانه برای آبیاری گندم، جو، سویا، انجیر، زیتون، صنوبر و امثال آن‎ها، بر اساس نمودار ویلکاکس هیچ محدودیتی در استفاده از این پساب وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - شبیه سازی کیفیت آب رودخانه سالند با استفاده مدل QUAL2K
محمد فلاح مریم زلقی علی افروس غلامرضا میرزاونداستفاده از خودپالایی رودخانه­ ها برای بهبود کیفیت آب اقتصادی ­ترین و پایدارترین راه برای آب پاک است. در مطالعه حاضر، مدل QUAL2Kw برای بررسی کیفیت آب و ظرفیت خودپالایی در رودخانه کوهستانی سالند استفاده شده است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه ­ی سالند د Moreاستفاده از خودپالایی رودخانه­ ها برای بهبود کیفیت آب اقتصادی ­ترین و پایدارترین راه برای آب پاک است. در مطالعه حاضر، مدل QUAL2Kw برای بررسی کیفیت آب و ظرفیت خودپالایی در رودخانه کوهستانی سالند استفاده شده است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه ­ی سالند در رابطه با مصارف آشامیدنی و کشاورزی است. پارامترهای کیفی BOD5، کلیفرم کل و فسفات در دو ماه دی 1398 و مرداد 1399 شبیه ­سازی و با داده­ های میدانی مقایسه شدند. نتایج حاصل از مدل تا حدود زیادی گویای شرایط واقعی رودخانه می ­باشد که این امر نشان دهنده توانا بودن مدل QUAL2Kw در شبیه ­سازی پارامترهای کیفی است. با توجه به نتایج مشاهداتی، پارامترهای فسفات و کلیفرم­ کل از لحاظ کاربری کشاورزی همچنین پارامترهای BOD5 در بازه مورد مطالعه عامل تهدید کننده ­­ای برای حیات آبزیان محسوب نمی ­باشد. از لحاظ کاربری شرب بر اساس استاندارد اتحادیه اروپا، سازمان محیط­زیست آمریکا وطبقه ­بندی آب­های سطحی ملی پاکستان، پارامترهای BOD5 و کلیفرم کل طی دوره نمونه­ برداری، این استاندارد رعایت شده است. سرعت جریان رودخانه تأثیر بیشتری در خودپالایی آب رودخانه ­های کوهستانی دارد و محل آلودگی منبع نقطه ­ای تأثیر بسیار محدودی دارد. با توجه به نتایج دو پارامتر RMSE و CV مدل بهترین انطباق را به ­ترتیب برای پارامترهای BOD5، فسفات و کلیفرم کل داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - بررسی عملکرد برکههای تثبیت شهرستان خمین و ارائه راهکارها جهت بهبود
مهدی اکبری افشین تکدستان مهدی احمدی مقدم این مطالعه، بر روی برکههای تثبیت شهرستان خمین، به صورت مطالعه مداخله ای، از نوع تحلیلی- مقطعی انجام شد و نمونهها به صورت احتمالی برداشت گردید. بر روی فاضلاب خام و پساب خروجی از برکههاو خروجی تصفیه خانه، آزمایشات شمارش تعدادکلیفرم، تخم انگل(نماتود) و pH،B More این مطالعه، بر روی برکههای تثبیت شهرستان خمین، به صورت مطالعه مداخله ای، از نوع تحلیلی- مقطعی انجام شد و نمونهها به صورت احتمالی برداشت گردید. بر روی فاضلاب خام و پساب خروجی از برکههاو خروجی تصفیه خانه، آزمایشات شمارش تعدادکلیفرم، تخم انگل(نماتود) و pH،BOD5 ، COD، TSS، TDS، TSوDO انجام شد و در تجزیه دادهها، از میانگین واریانسها و correlationاستفاده شد و نتایج بر روی نمودار matlab و excell رسم گردید. 366نمونه، جهت انجام آزمایشات فیزیک و شیمیایی و کلی فرم و تخم انگل از برکهها، برداشت گردید. این مطالعه نشان داد که بین درجه حرارت و بار سطحی و نیز میزان حذفBOD ، COD ،TCOLIFORM با زمان ماند، رابطه معنی دار وجود دارد (pvalu>0.05) . از طرفی در آنالیز آماری، با کمک پارا مترهای اندازه گیری شده، سرعت باد، میزان تبخیر و روزهای آفتابی و بارا نی، مشخص شد که برکههای تثبیت شهرستان خمین که در آب و هوای سرد در حال بهره برداری می باشند به شدت تحت تاثیر عوامل طبیعی می باشد. مقایسه نتایج خروجی بااستانداردها نیز نشان داد که پساب خروجی از آنها، برای آبیاری پارکهای عمومی قابل استفاده است و استانداردهای زیست محیطی را از نظر تخم انگل (نماتود)و کلی فرم مدفوعی را در این خصوص بر آورده می سازند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to body self-concept among female students
somayeh nadiyan ghomsheh saeed bakhtiar pourThe aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 studen MoreThe aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 students were selected at cluster sampling method and tested by multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire, socio-physical anxiety questionnaire, socio-cultural attitudes test about body image, and self-concept scale. In this study, statistical methods of the Pearson correlation and multiple liner regression were used. The results showed that body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were related significantly and negatively to body self-concept in female students. Also, body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were significantly predictors of body self-concept. Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Socio-physical anxiety Socio-cultural attitudes about appearance, Body self-concept. The aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 students were selected at cluster sampling method and tested by multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire, socio-physical anxiety questionnaire, socio-cultural attitudes test about body image, and self-concept scale. In this study, statistical methods of the Pearson correlation and multiple liner regression were used. The results showed that body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were related significantly and negatively to body self-concept in female students. Also, body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were significantly predictors of body self-concept. Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Socio-physical anxiety Socio-cultural attitudes about appearance, Body self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Causal effect of social comparison & self-esteem on body image of male and female students of psychology and education sciences and counseling of Payame Noor University in Ahvaz
Karim SevariCausal effect of social comparison & self-esteem on body image of male and female students of psychology and education sciences and counseling of Payame Noor University in Ahvaz. In this article, the effect of causal comparison of social and self-esteem on body imag MoreCausal effect of social comparison & self-esteem on body image of male and female students of psychology and education sciences and counseling of Payame Noor University in Ahvaz. In this article, the effect of causal comparison of social and self-esteem on body image was studied. A sample of male and female students of psychology and education sciences and counseling of Payame Noor University in Ahvaz consisted of 124 students (47 boys and 77 girls) who were voluntarily selected. The questionnaires of social comparison(sevari,1393) , body image(sevari,1393) and self-esteem Rosenberg (1965) were applied. The method of the present study is descriptive and kind of correlation. The findings represent good model of research and showed that social comparison has direct negative impact on body image(-0.17) & and self-esteem has a direct positive effect on body image(0.2). As social comparison and self-esteem affect the body image negatively and positively, the present study suggests that, in order to prevent negative body image, the positive points of self-esteem should be taken and regarded instead of making social comparison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Effect of Body Mass Index, Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Successful aging with the mediating role of Quality of Life in the Elderly with type2 Diabetes
Mahin Exir Zohreh Raisi Hossein Ali Mehrabi Mohammad SoltanizadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption on successful aging mediated by quality of life in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption on successful aging mediated by quality of life in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all elderly people aged 60 years and older with type 2 diabetes covered by health centers in Shiraz in 1398, from which 593 people were selected by available sampling method in two stages. In this study, the tools of brief cognitive status test (Fulstein et al., 1975), physical function questionnaire (Bartel, 1965), and for successful aging, social welfare questionnaire (Keys, 2004), spiritual health questionnaire (Polutzon and Allison, 1982). Life satisfaction (Diner, 1985) and quality of life questionnaire (Thomas, 1986) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V23 and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model was confirmed by model fit at the intermediate level. The results also showed that no significant relationship was observed between the variables of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption and successful aging mediated by quality of life. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments will help researchers and therapists in the elderly with diabetes. Subsequent results of the study showed that there is an inverse and insignificant relationship between alcohol consumption in the elderly with type 2 diabetes and successful aging with mediated quality of life. Among the problems of different countries, especially developing countries, is the association of the phenomenon of population transition with epidemiological transition. In this way, at the same time as passing from a young population with high fertility and death to a population with low fertility and death, by implementing a program to fight infectious diseases and promote education and health, the pattern of community diseases in favor of chronic diseases such as diabetes Has changed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Perceived Stress, Body Image and Quality of Life in women with breast cancer
Sara Mohammadizadeh javad khalatbari Hasan ahadi hamid reza hatamiBackground and Aim: Cancer affects many different aspects of' patients' lives and even their caregivers and those around them because this disease changes people's quality of life and forces them to live with a double burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate MoreBackground and Aim: Cancer affects many different aspects of' patients' lives and even their caregivers and those around them because this disease changes people's quality of life and forces them to live with a double burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of of acceptance and commitment Therapy on perceived stress, body image and quality of life in women with breast cancer.Method: The method of this research is semi experimental that was carried out by using a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. 30 women with cancer in Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned in two groups to the experimental and control group. The groups were tested before and after training with Fisher's body image questionnaire, Cohen's perceived stress scale and the World Health Organization quality of life (short form). Data analysis was performed using statistical method of analysis of covariance.Findings: The findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on body image, quality of life and perceived stress.Conclusion: The results of this study show that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an independent intervention along with other therapies to reduce perceived stress, improve quality of life and body image of women with cancer.Keywords: Commitment and Acceptance Therapy, Quality of Life, Perceived Stress, Body Image, Cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The effect of media use on the tendency to use cosmetics in women: a structural model concerning the mediation of psychological variables
mostafa khanzadeh somayeh aghamohamadiThe prevalence of cosmetics from the beginning of their production in women is much higher than men, and the content produced in the media usually teaches women to meet the socially constructed standards of beauty. Today, the excessive use of cosmetics among Iranian wom MoreThe prevalence of cosmetics from the beginning of their production in women is much higher than men, and the content produced in the media usually teaches women to meet the socially constructed standards of beauty. Today, the excessive use of cosmetics among Iranian women and girls has become a critical psychosocial issue. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the media use model to use cosmetics concerning the mediating role of internalization of media patterns, beliefs about appearance, and body image concerns. For this purpose, 324 female students of the University of Isfahan were selected as the research sample using cluster sampling method and responded to the Media Consumption (Revised) and Beliefs about Appearance Scales, Body Image Concerns Inventory, and Socio-Cultural Attitudes to Appearance (Third Edition) and Compensatory Tendencies and Behaviors for Beauty and Fitness Questionnaires. The research model tested using structural equation modeling analysis, and the significance of the model effects evaluated using the bootstrap method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Testing the model showed that the size of the fit indices for the model is desirable and this model has a good fit with the experimental data. Also, bootstrap results showed that all model effects are significant. In general, the results of the present study support the importance of the role of internalizing media patterns and body image concern in the tendency of Iranian women to use cosmetics. These results explained in the research and theoretical context, and suggestions made in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Social-psychological model of body management of generation (z) based on virtual space and cultural capital with the mediation of social comparison .
eghbal valadi hamed nooriOne of the paradigms proposed in the field of social psychology of the body, which has become popular among girls today, is the body management of Generation Z, in which girls are faced with changes in the physical characteristics of their bodies after the 1401 protests MoreOne of the paradigms proposed in the field of social psychology of the body, which has become popular among girls today, is the body management of Generation Z, in which girls are faced with changes in the physical characteristics of their bodies after the 1401 protests. The research method was applied in terms of application and purpose, and the survey method was used in terms of descriptive-analytical implementation. The research tools include Bourdieu's cultural capital questionnaire and the researcher-made questionnaire on girls' body management scale and Gibbons' social comparison. This research was conducted in 2022 and the sample size was made up of 60 girls aged 15 to 30 in Sanandaj, the sampling method was a simple random type and for the analysis of quantitative data, SPSS26 and SMART software was used. PLS has been used. The research findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of generation z body management, cultural capital, virtual space, and social comparison of the mentioned variables. The social-psychological model of body management of generation z (z) based on virtual space and cultural capital with the mediation of social comparison (a case study of protest girls 1401) is suitable. The effect of predicting body management of Generation Z girls based on the social comparison in this research is equal to 0.42 and the effect of predicting body management based on cultural capital in this research is equal to 0.44 and the effect of predicting body management of Generation Z. based on virtual space in this research is equal to 0.47. In generation z girls of Sanandaj city, social comparison is an essential source of information about the self-management of generation (Z) bodies, and social comparison processes fill the gap between self-related topics and the concept of individual and intergroup identity based on protest psychology. As the consumption of external virtual space increases, the body management of generation z increases. In fact, these results show that the society in question has been exposed to conflicting and emerging sources of identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The relationship betweensocial anxiety, perceivedbody image, perfectionism, depression and eating disordersinyoung
marzieh mashalpour فرح نادری علیرضا حیدرئی مهناز مهرابی زاده هنرمندThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social anxiety , perceived body image , perfectionism , depression and eating disorders in youth . Given the number of parameters , each parameter 30 , the optimal number of participants was 200 Nfrbdst Khuze MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social anxiety , perceived body image , perfectionism , depression and eating disorders in youth . Given the number of parameters , each parameter 30 , the optimal number of participants was 200 Nfrbdst Khuzestan Science and Research Students were selected by multistage random sampling . Instruments included :Lbvys Social Anxiety Inventory , Inventory Picture of Fisher, Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS), measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDS) and eating disorder AEDI Coker and Rogers. Of research is correlational and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis.The results showedthatthecombination of the threevariables,depression,anxietyandsocialperceptionofbody image, eating disordershavethestrongestcombinationPredictingfactorstoexplainthe variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The relationship between body image concern, early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia with social anxiety among female students of Islamic Azad university
زهره زادحسن ناصر سراج خرمی This study took place with aimed to determine the relationship between body image concern, and mood disorder with social anxiety in female students of Islamic Azad University . Method of This study was descriptive and correlational. The study population was More This study took place with aimed to determine the relationship between body image concern, and mood disorder with social anxiety in female students of Islamic Azad University . Method of This study was descriptive and correlational. The study population was female students of Islamic Azad University of Dezful in semester 1394-1395. Of these, 351 were randomly,multistage selected among female students . To collect data from social anxiety questionnaire( SPAIN) and Multidimensional - body Relationship Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Young schema questionnaire and mood disorder (FTAS-20) was used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The findings showed that between body image concern, early maladaptive schemas and mood disorder, social anxiety there was a significant positive correlation. Multiple regression analysis showed that body image concern, early maladaptive schemas and mood disorder, social anxiety have significant predictive power( p <0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The analysis non- verbal communication in khosro&shirin poem
afsane oladi hosayn parsaeiIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non- MoreIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non-verbal communication and audience get only 30% of The messages through word and speech.Nezami amazingly communicates to audience by creating different concepts and contexts throught coherence and body language Researching in interdisiplinary and communication sciences, The auther investigates The non- verbal communications in khosrou& shirin poem in this article, and attempts to Show the messages that the poet wanted to convey to the readers via non-verbal communication.Nezami has created a dramatic and romantic atmosphere by using the non-verbal functions of sign language, action language and the language of objects.This paper analyzes these functions.The result of the studies shows that body movements and eye contacts play a greal and important role in Conveying messages and synesis in The Field of Communication.Key words: non-verbal communication, lyricliterature, Body language, Language functions, khosrou&shirin poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight training on neurotrophic factors of children with hypotonic cerebral palsy
leila Akbarifard farzad zehsaz Sajad Anoushirvani Akbar MoeinThe aim of the present study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight training on neurotrophic factors in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. 20 children with hypotonic cerebral palsy with an average age of 8 to 12 years were selected and placed in two g MoreThe aim of the present study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight training on neurotrophic factors in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. 20 children with hypotonic cerebral palsy with an average age of 8 to 12 years were selected and placed in two groups of body weight training (n=10) and control group (n=10). Subjects of the Bodyweight group performed exercises that included basic strength, maximum strength and high-intensity interval training for 12 weeks and three sessions a week. The training intensity was 25% 1RM in the first to third week, 50% in the fourth to sixth week, 75% in the seventh to ninth week, and 100% in the tenth to twelfth week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 24 hours after the last training session. To analyze the data, independent t-tests were used to survey the inter-group difference and correlated t-test to survey the intra-group difference at a significant level (P<0.05). The results of data analysis showed a significant increase in the levels of neurotrophin factors (BDNF, NGF, IGF-1) in the body weight training group. Due to their structure, Bodyweight exercises can be easily used by children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. It seems that these exercises improve the skeletal muscle tissue in these children by increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors, and by slowing down the atrophy process and reducing the muscle tissue, it improves their movement and posture disorders and balance problems. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and BMI of overweight and obese women in different types of NRF1 and NRF2 genotypes
Maryam Kamari Masoud Rahmati Mehdi BoostaniAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and BMI of overweight and obese women in different types of NRF1 and NRF2 genotypes.Methods: 23 inactive obese women (30-45 years old, body mass index>30) voluntar MoreAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and BMI of overweight and obese women in different types of NRF1 and NRF2 genotypes.Methods: 23 inactive obese women (30-45 years old, body mass index>30) voluntarily and purposefully participated in the research. At the beginning of the research the subjects participated in an aerobic training program for eight weeks. Measurements related to height, weight, body mass index and VO2max of the subjects were done before and after the training program. 24 hours after completing the training program, in order to extract DNA and observation of genetic profile by RFLP method, saliva samples were collected in special kits. Subjects were placed in three genotypic groups AA, AC and CC for NRF1 and one genotypic group AA for NRF2. To check the frequency of genotypes Chi-square statistical test and one-way ANOVA test and dependent T-test were used to check the difference between variables.Results: The results of analysis related to NRF1 gene showed that there is non-significant difference in VO2max (p=0.854 and F=0.159) and body mass index (p=0.956 and F=0.036) between groups. Also, the results related to the NRF2 gene showed that the subjects' VO2max increased significantly after eight weeks of aerobic training (p=0.001).Conclusion: The present study showed that only in the NRF2 AA genotype, the endurance capacity of subjects increases due to aerobic exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Designing a wearable upper body exoskeleton mechanism with the aim of improving human movement performance
Farbod Farzad Farzad Cheraghpour Samavati Wearable mechanisms and robots are designed to improve human performance and body shape, and their design aims to help humans interact better with the environment. By using this human-connected mechanism, it is possible to help disabled people i More Wearable mechanisms and robots are designed to improve human performance and body shape, and their design aims to help humans interact better with the environment. By using this human-connected mechanism, it is possible to help disabled people in more appropriate performance of movement activities such as walking, sitting and standing up, as well as in lifting objects that they are normally unable to lift. Improving a person's performance can include less fatigue in performing activities, protection against physical injuries resulting from heavy work, a person's capacity to carry more load, or a higher speed in performing movements. The upper body exoskeleton robotic mechanism (UBER) is designed as an easy-to-wear, flexible and adjustable mechanism to prevent common injuries, musculoskeletal, spinal and joint diseases. The purpose of developing this mobility aid robot for a skilled worker is to perform specialized tasks such as assembly operations in a production line in a relatively long period of time, with less fatigue and also to use the tools he needs easily. The stress and strain analysis performed with a load of 5 kilograms shows that the arm, in addition to bearing the weight of the user's hand, can also move a load of up to 3 kilograms. Considering the range of motion of the designed robot and the number of degrees of freedom, using this robot in the long term will maintain the skeletal health of the skilled worker, thus increasing production efficiency by reducing labor health costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Measurement and evaluation of livability indicators in urban areas (Case study: Qasrdasht neighborhood of Shiraz)
mohammadreza shahriyari Parisa MoshksarIn the last few decades, the phenomenon of degradation of environmental quality has cast a shadow on the structure of old Iranian cities and has threatened its long-term sustainability... The aim of the current research is to measure livability and its influencing facto MoreIn the last few decades, the phenomenon of degradation of environmental quality has cast a shadow on the structure of old Iranian cities and has threatened its long-term sustainability... The aim of the current research is to measure livability and its influencing factors on the residents of Qasrdasht neighborhood in Shiraz. Therefore, the research is based on the descriptive-analytical method in terms of its practical purpose and method. In order to collect the required data, documentary and field methods and questionnaires have been used. The statistical population is the households living in Qasrdasht neighborhood of Shiraz city, based on Cochran's formula, 378 questionnaires were calculated as the sample size. 18 items in the form of 5 main components have been used to measure livability indicators. Also, data analysis was done using statistical methods of T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis method in SPSS software. The obtained results show that livability in Qasrdasht neighborhood is above the average level and according to the Pearson correlation coefficient among the dependent variables studied, i.e. economic, social, physical, environmental and infrastructure components and services, correlation and direct relationship There is statistical significance. Also, the results show that the social index with a beta value of 0.289 had the greatest impact on the livability of the residents in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Jurisprudence of the Guardian Council over the expediency of the system in the shadow of the Constitution
Hasan Khosravi Mohammad javad HosseiniThe simultaneity of the chairmanship of the Expediency Council and the twin membership of the same person as a jurist of the Guardian Council, according to the constitution, creates new issues in the relationship between legal and political institutions of Iran. Althoug MoreThe simultaneity of the chairmanship of the Expediency Council and the twin membership of the same person as a jurist of the Guardian Council, according to the constitution, creates new issues in the relationship between legal and political institutions of Iran. Although there is no contradiction in the silence of the Constitution, the internal regulations of the Parliament, the Guardian Council, and the Assembly, this appointment raises questions and assumptions in the implementation stage of the Constitution, which is inconsistent with some general legal principles, such as the principle of neutrality of the dispute resolution authority. It can be observed by looking at the constitution that many principles do not have the capacity of this appointment and are silent in the face of it. The results of this research show the weight of the scales in favor of the jurists of the Guardian Council in the Assembly, the questioning of impartiality when examining cases of disagreement and plurality and the difficulty of performing the duties of these two positions for one person.The lack of attention of the legal circles to this appointment and its challenges has caused the authors to scrutinize more, and the innovation of the research lies in the explanation of the new and ambiguous relationships between these three institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life and Body Image of Obese Women
shadi pakandish adys kraskyan farhad jomehriPurpose: Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem in every society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life and body image of obese women. Methodology: The research method was MorePurpose: Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem in every society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life and body image of obese women. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women referred to the obesity treatment center of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2019, Among them, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups of 15 people. The research instruments included a world health organization quality of life (WHO, 1989) and a multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire (Kash et al., 1997). Subjects in both experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of treatment once a week. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS/24 software. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy with the control group on quality of life and its dimensions and body image and its dimensions in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05). Also, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than body therapy on improving body image and its dimensions, But there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments on quality of life and its dimensions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that two methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy and schema therapy can be used as effective therapies to improve the quality of life and body image of obese patients in educational and medical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Body Image with the Mental Well-Being of Female Athletes in Tehran
Shadi Kabiri Aghziarat Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh Abul MaaliPurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athlete MorePurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athletes in Tehran. Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran in 2019, age range (20-50 years). 250 people by method Available sampling was selected. The research tools included Diener et al.'s Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (1985), Cohen, Komark and Marmelstein's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) and Winstead and Janda's Body Image Concern Questionnaire (1987). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation method and path analysis using spss and PLS software. Findings: In general, the path analysis showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being, the results showed that perceived stress and self-compassion could predict mental well-being, also the path analysis showed that self-compassion In the path between perceived stress and mental well-being, it did not have the ability to play a mediating role. It played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Body Image with the Mental Well-Being of Female Athletes in Tehran
Shadi Kabiri Agh Ziarat Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh AbolmaaliPurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female a MorePurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athletes in Tehran.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran in 2019, age range (20-50 years). 250 people by method Available sampling was selected. The research tools included Diener et al.'s Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (1985), Cohen, Komark and Marmelstein's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), Winstead and Janda's Body Image Concern Questionnaire (1987) and Neff et al.'s self-compassion Questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation method and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software.Findings: In general, the path analysis showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being, the results showed that perceived stress and self-compassion could predict mental well-being, also the path analysis showed that self-compassion in the path between perceived stress and mental well-being, it did not have the ability to play a mediating role. It played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigating the Functional Levels of Non-Verbal Communication of "Body Language" in 'Orfi Shirazi's Lyrics
Tahereh Moosazadeh Ahagh Safa Taslimi Hassanali Abbaspour esfeden mandana alimi One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non- More One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non-verbal communication has been one of the most common methods in this regard. Non-verbal communication or the use of visual signs has always been an efficient tool for poets to convey themes and concepts hidden in poems. Concepts that main topics are issues such as education, awareness and awakening of people and love (descriptions of the beauty of a lover, separation of a lover, etc.). 'Orfi Shirazi is one of the poets of the early Safavid period, who played an important role in the development of the Indian style of ghazal. The main volume of his divan is sonnets. One of the important indicators of 'Orfi poems is the visual signs (non-verbal communication) hidden in his lyrical themes. For this reason, the present article, using the descriptive analytical method, has attempted to analyze the level of non-verbal communication of "body language" in non-linguistic actions, in 'Orfi Shirazi poems. The hypothesis of the current research is an emphasis on the issue that the body language in the non-verbal communication of 'Orfi Shirazi's lyrical poetry is completely intentional and aimed at attracting the beloved and attracting the audience, as well as rethinking the behavioral patterns of the individual and society, with the aim of irony and symbolism. Among the non-verbal communication processes in 'Orfi Shirazi's poems, gestures and gestures specific to the face, hands, feet, and eyes have the most communicative function and play an important role in conveying concepts and messages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - A Comparative Analysis of Sa’di and Alexander Pope’s Views on “Man’s Rationality” and “Body-Soul Dualism”
Shadi Mohyeddin Ghomshei Jalal SokhanvarThe present paper offers a comparative analysis of the ideas of “man’s rationality” and “body-soul dualism” from the perspectives of Sa’di, the great Persian classical poet of the 13th century and Alexander Pope, the outstanding Engli MoreThe present paper offers a comparative analysis of the ideas of “man’s rationality” and “body-soul dualism” from the perspectives of Sa’di, the great Persian classical poet of the 13th century and Alexander Pope, the outstanding English writer and poet of the eighteenth century, based on the American school of comparative literature. The works of the two poets manifest their deep preoccupation with the question of ‘human nature’ and demonstrate that their ideas have emanated from two important sources: The Holy Scriptures and the traditions of classical philosophy. The significance of this study is twofold: it displays the approach of the two poets from two different cultures to the eminent subject of human nature and it further highlights the common grounds between the fields of literature, religion, and philosophy in Persian and English literature. The paper illustrates that although Sa’di and Pope come from two different religious and philosophical backgrounds, they are similar in their fundamental reflections and principle ideas on human nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Study of the vibration behavior of vehicle body due to road roughness during accelerating motion
Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh seyed mohammad saleh mousavi bafrouyi saleh arabIn the present paper, the main purpose is study of the vibration behavior of vehicle body and its passengers due to road roughness during constant acceleration motion. In order to achieve this goal has been used a quarter model of sedan vehicle for both front and rear w MoreIn the present paper, the main purpose is study of the vibration behavior of vehicle body and its passengers due to road roughness during constant acceleration motion. In order to achieve this goal has been used a quarter model of sedan vehicle for both front and rear wheel. In this way, a quarter model of sedan vehicle with constant velocity and also accelerating motion on road of class D, according to ISO8606 standard, has been simulated by utilizing the finite element software. Thus, has been obtained applied forces to vehicle body during accelerating motion and also road roughness for both front and rear wheel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Analytical study of a jointless mechanism for magnifying the displacement of a piezoelectric actuator
Ammirreza Asgari Abdorrahim AsgariMechanisms with flexible joints transfer displacement, force and energy by using flexure hinges instead of Simple hinge joints. Reduction of manufacturing costs, increasing the accuracy of these mechanisms, absence of error caused by being loose and lack of joint wear a MoreMechanisms with flexible joints transfer displacement, force and energy by using flexure hinges instead of Simple hinge joints. Reduction of manufacturing costs, increasing the accuracy of these mechanisms, absence of error caused by being loose and lack of joint wear and vibration problems resulting from their movements are among the advantages of these types of mechanisms. In this article for analyzing these mechanisms, a quasi-rigid model was used. Then, by introducing and evaluating a number of mechanical magnification mechanisms which were used to increase the movement of piezoelectric actuator, a new model is also provided and analyzed. This new model offers a high ratio in compact dimensions that is pretty good compared to previous models. The natural frequency of the model and the lack of lateral movements are among advantages of this model compared to the models introduced. We will review and determine the design parameters for the analytical solution for the optimal work condition of the quasi-rigid mode. Also, by using finite element analysis and comparison of its results with analytical solutions, the effect of various parameters on the performance of this mechanism have been identified and at the end an optimal mechanism is offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Study of the effect of inertia of gearbox’s shaft on the initial working vibration of a passenger car by Utilizing Multi-Body Dynamic Method
Hamid-Reza Khodami Alireza Arghavan Kazem Reza KashyzadehOne of the major problems that caused by couplings is sudden vibration and transmit it to the moving systems. Depending on the types of couplings, this vibration has been imposed to the actuator at the start or in during the motion. However, the clutch is one of the mos MoreOne of the major problems that caused by couplings is sudden vibration and transmit it to the moving systems. Depending on the types of couplings, this vibration has been imposed to the actuator at the start or in during the motion. However, the clutch is one of the most applications coupling that is used in the automotive industry. The clutch has some problems and difficulties about vibration on the engine and gearbox. In the present paper, study the effect of inertia of gearbox’s shaft on the initial working of passenger car. At the first, has been studied the effect of influence parameter on the vibration of plate dry clutch at the start of vehicle. Finally, effect of the inertia gearbox’s shaft deviation of actual and ideal value on the vibration transmission is studied and practical approaches have been proposed to improve this weakness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Design and Analytical Investigation of a Jointless Mechanical Amplifier
Amir Reza Askari Abdolrahim AskariIn this paper some mechanical amplifiers have been investigated then a new model has been introduced, designed and analysed. This new mechanism can present a large amplification ratio in a very compact size. High natural frequency and the absence of lateral motion are t MoreIn this paper some mechanical amplifiers have been investigated then a new model has been introduced, designed and analysed. This new mechanism can present a large amplification ratio in a very compact size. High natural frequency and the absence of lateral motion are the advantages of this new model toward the other models introduced here. In order to present an analytical investigation for this new mechanism, the pseudo rigid model is utilized and optimized for the best working conditions. This model is also analysed and verified using finite element method. The results of FEM are utilized to specify the effect of parameters which cannot be seen in pseudo rigid model. An optimized model with its dimensions sketched finally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Investigating the effects of worn out tissue regeneration in urban sustainable development (Case Study of Sarakhs City)
maryam cheshak zahra AlijooThe old texture of most cities over time and due to new developments has lost its past performance and gradually declining, and nowadays, as the largest ancient texture of most cities, over time and due to new developments, its past performance Lost and gradually disapp MoreThe old texture of most cities over time and due to new developments has lost its past performance and gradually declining, and nowadays, as the largest ancient texture of most cities, over time and due to new developments, its past performance Lost and gradually disappeared and today they are considered as the biggest problem in the cities. In this regard, the present study seeks to revive the worn out urban landscape in order to achieve sustainable urban development indicators. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and information is collected in two ways through library and field studies (interview and observation). The statistical population of this study is the population of the worn out tissue with a population of 13,241 people In this research, the economic, social, physical and environmental characteristics of the study area as well as the physical problems and problems of residents of the tissue have been investigated, which also includes a major part of the problems of attendance. Of course, the 84% share of owners in this context, as compared to the whole city, which has a large share of endowment lands, has provided the conditions for a better account of the factors of corroded tissue regeneration with sustainable development considerations. Finally, based on SWOT analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS), data analysis has been used. In this research, it has been tried based on the findings, general, legal and executive suggestions based on indicators of sustainable development focused on targeted participation . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Validation of Body Image Scale in Women with Breast Cancer
شهین تبرزن فرزانه هومن سعید بختیارپورAbstractWomen undergoing breast cancer treatment experience a number of changes, including lossor deformity of one or both breasts, surgical wounds, skin changes, and weight gain. Thesechanges are closely related to physical appearance and body image and often lead tode MoreAbstractWomen undergoing breast cancer treatment experience a number of changes, including lossor deformity of one or both breasts, surgical wounds, skin changes, and weight gain. Thesechanges are closely related to physical appearance and body image and often lead todecreased mental health, marital quality, and psychological stress resulting from thisinappropriate body image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of bodyimage scale in breast cancer patients in Tehran. The present study was a descriptivecorrelational study. 250 married women with breast cancer were selected from availablemedical centers in Tehran. They completed the scales of body image, cyberspacedependence and quality of married life. Data analysis was performed using statisticalmethods, Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, etc. using statistical softwareAMOS-26 and SPSS-27. The results showed that the two-factor model of body image wasappropriate for the population. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of convergent anddivergent validity for the whole scale and its subscales was acceptable. Due to the validityand reliability of this scale, it can be used for research and treatment activities in researchand counseling centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The comparison Emotional distress, eating self-efficacy, morningness and coping styles students with binge eating disorder and non-patients, with control of body mass index
elham farsimadan sodabeh shirani brojeni tayebeh sharifiThe aim of present study was comparison coping styles, morningness, self-efficacy in eating, stress, anxiety and depression in binge eating disorder patients with normal people by controlling body mass index. In this study 53 student out of 392 with binge eating disorde MoreThe aim of present study was comparison coping styles, morningness, self-efficacy in eating, stress, anxiety and depression in binge eating disorder patients with normal people by controlling body mass index. In this study 53 student out of 392 with binge eating disorder selected by diagnostic questionnaire and interview according to Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also 64 normal students were selected by simple random method. The tools that used in this study was Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), Lynda's Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Weight efficacy Life Style Questionnaire, Binge Eating Scale and Coping Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that after controlling BMI, patients with binge eating disorder had more anxiety and depression and less self-control. They used the more emotion-focused coping strategies and eveningness tendencies was higher than non-patients. Therefore, attention to emotional distress, self-efficacy in nutrition management, morningness, and coping styles, can play an important role in the management of these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles
Atefeh Ahmadi Zeinab Sadat Tavakoli Sadat Miralami Fatemeh Mohammadabadi Elmira Ezazi BojnourdiPresent study aimed to predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. This research was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The sample research was 400 undergraduate girl students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad b MorePresent study aimed to predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. This research was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The sample research was 400 undergraduate girl students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad branch in 2018-19 academic years which were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. The research tools including the questionnaire of body image concern (Littleton & et al, 2005), early maladaptive schemas (Young, 1998) and attachment styles (Collins & Reid, 1990). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model. The findings showed that early maladaptive schemas including schemas of impaired autonomy and performance, disconnection and rejection, other directedness, excessive vigilance and inhibition and impaired limits and avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles had a positive and significant relationship with body image concern in university girl students and secure attachment style had a negative and significant relationship with their body image concern. The prediction variables means early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles significantly could explain 46/6 percent of variance of body image concern in university girl students (p < 0/05). Regarded to the results to decrease the body image concern in university girl students via workshop can decrease the rate of early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment styles and increase the rate of secure attachment style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The induction of death of Cambyses and Bardia and its impact on how the arrival of Darius the Great
parviz hosseintalaee seyed mohamad tayebiDeath of Cambyses and Bardia Achaemenid history is one of the darkest junctures. So, because of the importance of this issue, the main focus of the study period until the death of Cambyses and Darius takes Bardia. In this regard, we have tried to outline the course of h MoreDeath of Cambyses and Bardia Achaemenid history is one of the darkest junctures. So, because of the importance of this issue, the main focus of the study period until the death of Cambyses and Darius takes Bardia. In this regard, we have tried to outline the course of historical events, this time limit should be according to the original sources, Then to analyze data and historical sources of information about the mystery death of Cambyses and Bardia also be addressed murder. As a result of what has been presented in the final section, refers to this issue which is not only based Bardia conspiracy led by Darius seven family is exhausted, But according to the information available resources, can not be considered accidental death of Cambyses's because Cambyses and Bardia policy was based on consolidating his power against the aristocracy. So great nobility and the family did not want to, loss of privileges, so it reacted to the murder of Cyrus king of the branches were. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The induction of death of Cambyses and Bardia and its impact on how the arrival of Darius the Great
parziz hosien mohamad tayebiDeath of Cambyses and Bardia Achaemenid history is one of the darkest junctures. So, because of the importance of this issue, the main focus of the study period until the death of Cambyses and Darius takes Bardia. In this regard, we have tried to outline the course of h MoreDeath of Cambyses and Bardia Achaemenid history is one of the darkest junctures. So, because of the importance of this issue, the main focus of the study period until the death of Cambyses and Darius takes Bardia. In this regard, we have tried to outline the course of historical events, this time limit should be according to the original sources, Then to analyze data and historical sources of information about the mystery death of Cambyses and Bardia also be addressed murder. As a result of what has been presented in the final section, refers to this issue which is not only based Bardia conspiracy led by Darius seven family is exhausted, But according to the information available resources, can not be considered accidental death of Cambyses''''s because Cambyses and Bardia policy was based on consolidating his power against the aristocracy. So great nobility and the family did not want to, loss of privileges, so it reacted to the murder of Cyrus king of the branches were. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Environment protection in the international leggal system
Leila HemmatzadehSince environmental changes and degration involve the entire international community and its not only limited to a specific region, environmental protection requires the cooperation and solidarity of all governments and nations at the international level in order to pro MoreSince environmental changes and degration involve the entire international community and its not only limited to a specific region, environmental protection requires the cooperation and solidarity of all governments and nations at the international level in order to protect our environment and only inhabited planet and to prevent them from destruction.Considering the importance and special role of legal protection and supervision, especially at the international level, in the field of protecting the environment and preventing its destruction and pollution, in this paper, with a brief mention of the history of the legal activities of the international community in the field of environmental protection, the international laws and institution for the protection and supervision of the environment and preventing its pollution and destruction will be studied. Then, to improve their performance, some suggestions will be made by mentioning and analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of these laws and institutions, if necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Evaluation of the influential components of western architectural culture in the modern era on the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period gardens of Shiraz.
fatemeh nekooeimehr hossein soltanzadeh shervin mirshahzadehDuring the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostl MoreDuring the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostly seen in the residential buildings of the nobility, have occurred in all the building components from the body to the decorations. This influence was to such an extent that at the end of the Nasrid period, the architectural style of the buildings was a fusion of the traditional architecture of Iran and the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what components of western culture and architecture have influenced the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period garden mansion in Shiraz? Therefore, in the conducted research, it is tried to investigate the influence of Western architectural art and culture on them by examining the physical and decorative features of the Qajar era gardens in Shiraz city. The combined research design used in this research is the type of alignment design and convergent model. In the qualitative part, a case study Chaharbagh mansions related to the Qajar era in Shiraz city (Eram Bagh mansion, Afifabad Bagh mansion, Narenjestan Qavam Bagh mansion and Manshibashi Bagh mansion) has been done. The relevant data were collected through the researcher's visit and observation of the structures and the registration physical and decorative features in accordance with the research question. The analysis the findings showed that in decoration component, the results qualitative and quantitative findings support each other and show that the elements of western architecture are widely used in the decorative components of these buildings. At the same time, regarding the physical component, although the qualitative findings show the significant presence of western elements in the physical architecture of these buildings, according to the respondents, western architectural elements were seen to some extent in the volume composition and elements of these buildings, but they do not have a strong presence the body of the buildings compared to the decoration components. .As mentioned earlier, the art and architecture of the Qajar era, affected by the currents modernism and the changes and developments of modernism and westernism, took on a new shape and color, and the achievements the modern era can be clearly seen in the buildings and mansions this era. to be Although the Qajar architecture is derived from the traditional architecture of Iran, especially the architecture of the Safavid and Zandiya eras, but at the end of the Qajar era, the elements western architecture can be seen in all parts of the building, especially in the appearance of the building and decorations. Even the use of new materials that were used in Europe were also used abundantly in the buildings of this period.As seen in the theoretical foundations of the research, the art and architecture of the Qajar era was influenced by the art and architecture of the West and European countries, and the trends of the modernity and developments that were the results of the Western modernity era entered Iran in different ways during this period. The art and architecture of this era had an impact. These effects can be seen in the aristocratic houses and mansions built in the big cities of Iran such as Shiraz. In this research, the effects of western art and architecture were investigated in two areas, physical and decorative, in four mansions of Bagh Eshrafi in Shiraz city. First, it was found that physical factors such as extroversion, columns, capitals, and long and wide porches are among the western elements in the examined buildings, but almost all the decorative elements in the buildings are influenced by western art and architecture. They are combined with Iranian decorations.Therefore, according to the examination of the studied samples and the issues raised, it can be said about the influence of Western art and architecture on the architecture of the Qajar period mansions that the mansions built in the city of Shiraz during the Qajar era can be the most He observed the influence of western patterns, especially in the decoration of buildings, and it was such that the closer to the end of this era, the buildings were more oriented towards western architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Relationship between body image and physical fitness with depression, anxiety and stress in female students from Nour city
Fatemeh Mojtahedzadeh Aliakbar MashayekhThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image and physical fitness of girls with depression, anxiety and stress. The statistical population was all the students 13-15 years old, from secondary schools of Nour city in the 2020-2021 academic MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image and physical fitness of girls with depression, anxiety and stress. The statistical population was all the students 13-15 years old, from secondary schools of Nour city in the 2020-2021 academic year. 100 students were selected by cluster sampling method. AAHPERD fitness test, participants' personal-social information questionnaire, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and DASS 21, were used. Pearson correlation tests showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between body image of girl students and their anxiety, depression and stress. There is also a significant and direct relationship between decreased body image satisfaction due to overweight and depression, anxiety and stress. In addition to physical problems, obesity also causes mental problems. Therefore, attention and treatment of mental problems in addition to physical problems of obesity is important. Levels of physical fitness are significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigating the effectiveness of regular sports activities on improving body image and reducing overeating behaviors in overweight students
Soodabeh Aghajani Maghsoud Faghirpour The research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of regular sports activities on improving body image and reducing overeating behaviors in overweight students. The research method was semi-experimental and the research design was pre-tes More The research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of regular sports activities on improving body image and reducing overeating behaviors in overweight students. The research method was semi-experimental and the research design was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all 9th grade female students studying in Bandar Anzali schools in the academic year of 2022-2023, 308 of which 30 were selected by purposive sampling. To collect the required data, the questionnaires of the person's attitude about body image by Kash & et al (1986) and Gormali & et al (1982) overeating behaviors were used. The experimental group was exposed to Fakhraei-Aghadam et al. (2016) sports activity protocol training for 12 sessions. Statistical methods of covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that training in sports activities improved body image and reduced overeating behaviors in overweight students (P<0.001). According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that using the content and instructions of sports activities will be useful in improving the body image and reducing the overeating behaviors of overweight students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The study of impact of Cultural and Social and Erotic capital on body Image among the youth of ages 15 to29 years old in city of Tonkabon
yaghob karamipour Reza Esmaeili Mansour Haghighatian The study examines the impact of social and cultural capital of satisfactory sexual body image among young people 15 to 29 years, the Branch. The method of navigation. To investigate the effect of three main variables include the operational, cu More The study examines the impact of social and cultural capital of satisfactory sexual body image among young people 15 to 29 years, the Branch. The method of navigation. To investigate the effect of three main variables include the operational, cultural capital (embodied, objectified and institutionalized), sexual capital (business identity, sexual attraction, beautifying social, social skills, vitality, social Distinction and sexuality) and social capital (, leisure, social acceptance, social pressure, social trust and social participation) are changing body image satisfaction of youth (weight control, manipulation of medical health-care and cosmetics) is. The population of the survey, 36,289 young people aged 15 to 29 make up the city Branch in 1393. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the hypotheses using correlation, multiple regression analysis was conducte، persons under 30 years in all social classes to absorb. In other words, youth groups are characterized by their beliefs, values and norms of the dominant culture or social order prevail, especially youth culture forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Relationship between hardiness Resilience to anxiety on Body Dysmorphic Concern in daughter adolescent city Tehran
Maryam Ghahremani Javad KhalatbariThe aim of this study compare in Relationship between hardiness Resilience to anxiety on Body Dysmorphic Concern in daughter adolescent city Tehran. Statistic community: daughter adolescent city Tehran. Statistics case: person 120of daughter adolescent city Tehran as by MoreThe aim of this study compare in Relationship between hardiness Resilience to anxiety on Body Dysmorphic Concern in daughter adolescent city Tehran. Statistic community: daughter adolescent city Tehran. Statistics case: person 120of daughter adolescent city Tehran as by approach beauty clinic. Knack: at research that correlate approach and bunch approach multistage to clinical clientele beauty on city Tehran. Research instrument: form questionnaire hardiness Resilience Koner_Dayvison ، form questionnaire Bek_ anxiety and form questionnaire Body Deformity Kash. Analysis resolve: statistics approach Ancova assistant by SPSS version 20- search study between community matrix predictive and canon variable by possible 0/99 by mental stomach addition lessen do amount pensiveness people. All case study form mental stomach negative and meaningful the predictive anxiety. Effectually by change a score stomach change score anxiety. Remain between mental stomach and on Body Dysmorphic inverse relationship and by anxiety direct relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Building a social identity and body display (Case Study: Students at Tehran University(
Milad Pourrajabi Ali Akbar MajdiThe purpose of this [U1] study is to examine the way in which [U1] the identity is constructed through the body consumption, especially through the presentation of the body as a product among female students. . Since today, body is the center of attentio MoreThe purpose of this [U1] study is to examine the way in which [U1] the identity is constructed through the body consumption, especially through the presentation of the body as a product among female students. . Since today, body is the center of attention and is a tool for achieving social opportunities and social advantages mong students, its display has become widespread among female students, and its analysis can reveal the underlying angles of this tendency. In today's modern world, the concept of identity building among students has become omplex and multi-layered.In this study, based on theoretical sampling, 45 deep and semi-ructured [U1] [U1] from the students of the stage reached the saturation stage. The analysis of the ontent of the interviews was based on a theoretical analysis. The results indicate that female students are practically raising their concerns and issues with body use. The body is a tool through which they make their lives meaningful and enrich their identities female students proved their localism as a global phenomenon, using clothing. The existence of dominant and sometimes controversial discourses is influential in interpreting and understanding the concept of life of life by students. In this study, based on theoretical sampling, 45 interviews of deep and semi-structured students from the students of the stage reached the saturation stage. The analysis of the content of the interviews was based on a theoretical analysis. The results indicate that female students are practically raising their concerns and issues with body use. The body is a tool through which they make their lives meaningful and enrich their identities. Student girls proved their localism as a global phenomenon, using clothing and clothing. The existence of dominant and sometimes controversial discourses is influential in interpreting and reading the comprehension of life by students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The effect of of Acceptance Commitment Therapy On the Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Weight in Overweight Women
Sahar Ashrafi Abdolmajid Bahreinian Kobra Hajializadeh Ali DelavarThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Weight of overweight women. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statis MoreThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Weight of overweight women. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all overweight women with BMI greater than 30 in Tehran who referred to psychiatric centers in order to receive psychological treatment. The sample consisted of 40 statistical Population who were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The research instrument was Yale and add date body deformity scale questionnaire. Acceptance and commitment therapy sessions were conducted in a group in 8 sessions of 60 minutes and one session per week. The control group received no treatment during this period. Covariance analysis was used for data analysis and SPSS.25 software was used at the significant level of 0.05. Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on Body Dysmorphic Disorder (P<0.001) and Weight (P<0.001) in overweight women. In general, the results indicated a significant effect of a course of acceptance and commitment therapy on the variables of body deformity disorder and weight loss in overweight women, and this method can be used for the neurological treatment of overweight people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on self-interpretation and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body deformity disorder
Mojtaba Aghili Fereshteh Ahmadi Tabatabaee Arezou AsghariThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of emotion regulation training on self-interpretation and impersonal emotion regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design along with th MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of emotion regulation training on self-interpretation and impersonal emotion regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design along with the experimental and control group. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the girls suffering from body dysmorphia in Poyesh Fahim Clinic in Tehran in 2021, from whom 30 people were randomly selected by convenience sampling and divided into two experimental groups (15 people). and the control group (15 people) were replaced. The research tools were modified Yale-Brown scale for body deformity disorder, Hardin's self-interpretation questionnaire and Hoffman's interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire. The group received the emotion regulation skill test based on the Gross model during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The results showed that emotion regulation training had a significant effect on self-interpretation and interpersonal emotion regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder (P<0.05). Based on the research findings, it can be said that emotional regulation training has led to a decrease in independent self-interpretation and an increase in interpersonal emotional regulation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The relationship between self-compassion and body dysmorphic symptoms in women applying for Cosmetic surgeries: the mediating role of cognitive fusion related to body image
Zahra Ghavi Azadeh Tavoli Shaghayegh ZahraeiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of cognitive fusion variable related to body image in the relationship between self-compassion variable and body dysmorphic symptoms variable in women applying for beauty services .The method used in the MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of cognitive fusion variable related to body image in the relationship between self-compassion variable and body dysmorphic symptoms variable in women applying for beauty services .The method used in the existing research is a description of the correlation type (structural equation modeling). The statistical population included all women between 20 and 50 years old who visited beauty clinics in Tehran to receive beauty services or advice on beauty services. The sample of this research includes 319 people who were selected as available. In order to collect the information needed for the research, the questionnaires of the Self-Compassion Short Form Scale (SCS-SF), the Modified Yale-Brown Obsession Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Phillips (BDD-YBOCS) and the Ferreira Body Image-Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-BI) were used. The data was analyzed with the help of structural equation modeling and according to the results of the present study, it can be stated that the meta-diagnostic factor of cognitive fusion related to body image plays a full mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and body dysmorphic symptoms in women applying for cosmetic surgeries. In other words, it can be said that a non-judgmental attitude towards thoughts related to physical appearance gives a person the opportunity to psychologically distance himself from his thoughts and not fuses with them, and the symptoms of body dysmorphia are reduced in him. It is suggested that the results of the present study be used for the psychological training of cosmetic surgery applicants with dysmorphic syndromes, especially focusing on the concepts of self-compassion and cognitive fusion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigating the socio-individual factors associated with the tendency of Tabriz men and women citizens to sport activities
anesah Mousavi davood ebrahimpoorExercise as one of the individual-social manifestations, while preserving and maintaining the physical and mental health of the community, is important for the proper fulfillment of the individual, family and social roles. The general objective of this research is to de MoreExercise as one of the individual-social manifestations, while preserving and maintaining the physical and mental health of the community, is important for the proper fulfillment of the individual, family and social roles. The general objective of this research is to determine socio-cultural factors related to the tendency of Tabriz citizens to sport activities. The research method was essentially descriptive and of a survey type. The statistical population of the study was citizens of Tabriz under the age of 15 years old. According to the statistics center of Iran in 1395, the number of them is 1319033 people, of whom 670516 men and 648516 women. . In order to collect the required data about the population, cluster sampling was used to collect data. In this type of sampling, people are selected according to a hierarchy of types of community units. The samples were selected in proportion to the population of the 10 municipalities. Then, 384 questionnaires were filled out by citizens randomly by referring to residential houses in each of the districts. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was reviewed using the views of the professors of this field. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of variables and Pearson correlation test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. Findings of the research showed that the most important factors tend to sport activities, sex, age, marital status, education, income, social support, person's perception of the body, social capital and cultural capital, each of which has a certain share in the communication of citizens Have tended to exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Investigating relationship between mother’s cultural capital with healthy lifestyle of infants and children aged 0-4 years old in Mashhad
mahdi nikkhah Bijan zare zeynab kavehThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the healthy lifestyle of children (0-4) years old with the cultural capital of mothers in Mashhad. The method used in this research was survey and the data were collected by a researcher-made questionnair MoreThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the healthy lifestyle of children (0-4) years old with the cultural capital of mothers in Mashhad. The method used in this research was survey and the data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study was all married women with at least one child aged 0 to 4 years in Mashhad in 2014-2015, Using the Cochran's formula, 384 people were determined as the sample size. Sampling was done by classification method according to the volume.The findings showed that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the healthy lifestyle of children (0-4) and the cultural capital of mothers in Mashhad, which means that by increasing the amount of cultural capital of mothers, children from 0 to 4 years old will have a healthier lifestyle. The relationship between cultural capital dimensions including embodied cultural capital, objectified cultural capital and institutional cultural capital were also confirmed by the variable of healthy lifestyle of children aged 0-4 years old in Mashhad. In total, cultural capital predicts 18 percent of the variation in dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Lifestyle and body management: A Sociological study (Case study: Women in Rafsanjan)
Mohammad ali Amirpoorsaeed Behnaz Seifi Ahmad RezaiiBody image is a multidimensional structure that refers to a person's perception and attitude about the size and shape of a person's body. Body and appearance management has gained the importance of special studies among social phenomena today. In modern times, the way o MoreBody image is a multidimensional structure that refers to a person's perception and attitude about the size and shape of a person's body. Body and appearance management has gained the importance of special studies among social phenomena today. In modern times, the way of managing the appearance of the body as an identifier has played an essential role in others' judgments of the individual and the representation of the personality of individuals. Such representations and attitudes towards the body and appearance of people originate from certain lifestyles. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between different aspects of lifestyle and body management using the theories of Bourdieu, Foucault and Giddens. The statistical population of the study consists of women in Rafsanjan, which according to Cochran's formula, 383 people have been studied as a statistical sample. The research findings were analyzed using Spss software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between lifestyle indicators (cultural consumption, shopping patterns and leisure) and body management. The results also show the significance of the relationship between body management and contextual variables (age, marital status and economic and social status). Regression coefficients also show that about 30% of the variance of body management is explained by the independent variables of this study that the variable of purchasing patterns has the highest predictability.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The relationship between students’ religious beliefs and lifestyle in Islamic Azad University of Varzeghan
Shahla Mousazadeh Mahmood ElmiThis research is an applied research and in terms of time, cross-sectional. Also in terms of user control this study is a survey. The population of the study is all students in Islamic Azad University of Varzeghan in 94-93 (1200), and the sample size is 185 students acc MoreThis research is an applied research and in terms of time, cross-sectional. Also in terms of user control this study is a survey. The population of the study is all students in Islamic Azad University of Varzeghan in 94-93 (1200), and the sample size is 185 students according to Cochran formula. According to research findings, there is a difference between following variables: type of body management, type of leisure activities, habits and type of cultural consumption with religious beliefs. Also, according to the results of the regression model, the cultural consumption variable plays the most important role in determining the extent of religious beliefs. After cultural consumption, leisure activities are in the second step, body management in the third step and habits in the fourth step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Determining the relationship between lifestyle and body management among female students of Islamic Azad University of Bukan
Mahmoud Elmi Samad Sabbagh Serweh EftekhariIn the last century, especially during the last half one, process of body management and selection of life style has been changed. In the present era, regular monitoring of the body is one of the basic tools in which human being with using a type of consumption and body MoreIn the last century, especially during the last half one, process of body management and selection of life style has been changed. In the present era, regular monitoring of the body is one of the basic tools in which human being with using a type of consumption and body language in different occasions determine his own personal identity which behind this the concept of "self" is exposed to watching and evaluation. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of body management and lifestyle. Intheoretical section, using the scholars' opinions in the areas of the body and lifestyle management, a conceptual framework has been set. In order toreview thebody management with its basic components (i.e. makeup, health, weight control, medical manipulation) and also, to review the basic components of lifestyle (leisure activities, cultural consumption and norms and religious beliefs) nine hypotheses weretested. The research method is correlation and data using quantitative method were collected through a questionnaire. Using Cochran formula, among 351 female students of Islamic Azad University ofBukan 184 students wererandomly selected. The reliability of the questionnaire is 82%which isobtained by usingCronbach'salpha. In order to determine the correlation between variables, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used. Because the significancy test of variables is less than 0/05 of the (0/05>sig), it can be concluded that the hypothesis was confirmed and there is correlation between these variables and body management. Religious variable (with explanatory power-22percent) has a negative relationship with the body management. Also, variables of leisure activities (47%), consumption norms (44%), cultural consumption (23 percent), and income (21 percent) can explain body management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Examine the relationship between religiosity and youth lifestyle
seyednaser hejazi Habil HeydarkhaniContemporary sociological orientation toward appreciating the importance of consumption and lifestyle activities is important in shaping personal and collective identity. Using field survey techniques and the questioner this study is to answer this question that, what i MoreContemporary sociological orientation toward appreciating the importance of consumption and lifestyle activities is important in shaping personal and collective identity. Using field survey techniques and the questioner this study is to answer this question that, what is the relationship between religiosity and various aspects of life from the viewpoints of young adults in Esfahan. The population of the study is (372 young people aged 18 to 29 years) is used as the sample size. In order to answer the main research question, religiosity variables in three components of ceremonial aspects, consequences and belief, age, marital status, and education as were analyzed as independent variables and the dependent variable was lifestyle. The results show that, there is a relationship between religiosity and lifestyle (after consumption norms also, there is a relationship between religiosity and lifestyle (after interpersonal relations) anda relationship exists between religiosity and the whole lifestyle. The lifestyle of respondents varies depending on their education, and marital status. But there is no relationship between religiosity variables and body management and lifestyle and also, there was no significant correlation between age and lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Examination of the relationship between religiosity and youth lifestyle
Seyed Nasser Hejazi Habill HeydarkhaniContemporary sociological orientation is toward appreciating the importance of consumption and lifestyle activities in shaping personal and collective identity. Using field survey techniques and a questioner this study answers this question that, what is the relationshi MoreContemporary sociological orientation is toward appreciating the importance of consumption and lifestyle activities in shaping personal and collective identity. Using field survey techniques and a questioner this study answers this question that, what is the relationship between religiosity and various aspects of life from the viewpoints of young adults in Isfahan. The population of the study is Isfahan city that 372 young people aged 18 to 29 years selected as the sample size. In order to answer the main research question, religiosity in ceremonial, consequenting and ideological aspects, age, marital status, and education were analyzed as independent variables and also lifestyle is examined as the dependent variable. The results show that there is a relationship between these variables: religiosity and lifestyle (consumption norms dimension); religiosity and lifestyle (interpersonal relations dimension); between religiosity and the whole lifestyle. Also, life style of respondents varies depending on their education and marital status. But there aren’t significant relationships between religiosity and lifestyle management and between age and lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Effect of perebiotic Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) on some of growth indices, surviving and body composition of Cyprinius carpio
mahshid shamloofar reza akramiAbstractPresent study was done in order to evaluate the effect of Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) as a kind of prebiotic on growth and survival of juvenile wild carp. This research was designed a completely randomized design in four levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% bio-m MoreAbstractPresent study was done in order to evaluate the effect of Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) as a kind of prebiotic on growth and survival of juvenile wild carp. This research was designed a completely randomized design in four levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% bio-mos and in four treatment with three replicates. 35 carp juveniles with average weight of 10.8±0.4 gr. were stocked in each tank and fed during 8 weeks. The results of statistics analysis showed the positive effect of increasing level of bio-mos on some of the nutrition and growth indices like general weight (WG), special growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), and survival rate (SR) of wild carp. So that in the level of 0.6 % bio-mos, the amount of mentioned factors increased in comparison with other treatments. Results of this study showed that diets with 0.6 % supplementary bio-mos has effects on increasing of operation of growth and nutrition efficiency in wild carp. The results of chemical analysis of body composition did not show any significant differences between treatments. Also this prebiotic in level of 0.4 and 0.6 can be a suitable supplementary in the diet of wild carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Effect of betafin as a feed attractant on growth performance, survival, body composition and resistance to stress of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
behruz ghabeliAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of MoreAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of 20/tank fed in fiberglass tanks. Four treatments of different levels of betain including 0 (control), 0. 5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent added to diet (contained 41.13% protein and 8.42% fat). At the end of the study, growth and feeding factors including final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, survival rate, body composition and resistance to environmental stressors including thermal (40 oC), alkalinity (pH=12), acidity (pH=2) and salinity stress (150 g/lit) were assessed. According to the results, there were no significant differences in growth, feeding parameters and survival rate between fish fed control and betain supplementation diets (P>0.05). No significance difference was observed in lipid and ash carcass (P>0.05), but the highest of carcass protein was obtained in 1% betain (P<0.05). The longest surviving time against thermal stress (P>0.05) and acidity stress (P<0.05) were due to 1% of betain and highest rate in salinity stress was due to control (P<0.05) and highest survival rate after alkalinity stress was due to 0.5% betafin (P<0.05). Totally considering no significant differences in most parameters betain is not recommended to improve the growth, surviving and resistance to stress in roach juveniles. * Corresponding Authors; Email: b.ghabeli@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Analogy in the Jurisprudence of World Trade Organization: Its Applicability & Inclusion
Heidar Piri wrya hafidiDespite some differences, analogy accepted as one of the flexible and practical method in inference of religious laws among most Islamic schools and its origin goes back to the origin of jurisprudence itself. Analogy is not limited to Islamic jurisprudential-legal syste MoreDespite some differences, analogy accepted as one of the flexible and practical method in inference of religious laws among most Islamic schools and its origin goes back to the origin of jurisprudence itself. Analogy is not limited to Islamic jurisprudential-legal system and has been recognized in other legal systems, including the international law system. Analogical reasoning has been used repeatedly in the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body (the DSB Panels and the Appellate Body) on different occasions. Although the DSB Panels and the Appellate body has been silent, in most cases, about resorting to analogy; it could be argued that analogy plays an important role in the reports of the Panels and the Appellate body, as a means of filling gaps, eliminating the ambiguity and brevity in the WTO agreements, as well as identifying the sources of international law.This paper analyzes the role of analogy in the judicial procedure and agreements of the WTO. The practice of the WTO clearly shows that in determining the meaning of the provisions of treaties, the scope of a right or obligation, clarifying the content of the rules and its effective role in the interpretation process, the Panels and the appellate body resort to analogical reasoning as a rational solution or a criterion. In addition, by analogy, the WTO legal system typically ensures the coherence and predictability of the Panels and the Appellate body reports,which are vital for any judicial mechanism and reinforce an understanding of the legality and fairness of the system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Diya for Women and the Legal Policy of Iran: From Commitment to the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) to Human Rights Standards
Ghader Ahmadi Ahmad Moradkhani Sayyad Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadi Aliraza AsghariThe obligation to compensate for the damages incurred on individuals is regarded as one of the most important principles of Fiqh and Law, and the bodily harms to women are included among compensable bodily damages. In case of harm, a financial compensation known as Diya MoreThe obligation to compensate for the damages incurred on individuals is regarded as one of the most important principles of Fiqh and Law, and the bodily harms to women are included among compensable bodily damages. In case of harm, a financial compensation known as Diya is paid to the injured person, while in the pre-revolutionary laws of Iran, no reference was made to such financial compensations for damage. But with the victory of Islamic revolution and adopting of the Constitutional Law, an appropriate ground was developed for the judicial system of Iran to be adapted with Islamic legal principles as well as with the Shi'a Twelver doctrine. With the enactment of the Diyat Law, the amount of Diya for women was reduced to half the amount of Diya for men, in some cases. Due to the perception that exist about Islam enjoying a perfect legal system and assigning a fundamental role to women as well as the international adverse publicity of the ongoing law, the Legislature proceeded to resolve the problem of inequity of Diya for women and men re-codifying the Islamic Penal Code, enacted 2013, in order to disregard the gender for damage compensation and to observe the international norms. The legislators introduced the law that the government has to pay the balance of inequity of Diya for women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Investigating serumic levels of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium supspecies paratuberculosis using the ELISA method in Holstein dairy cattle
yavar heydarzadeh Asiabi Behboud Jafari Ali hassanpourParatuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is achronic bacterial infection of ruminants causing body wasting due to severe and protracted diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in cattle of Moghan agro-busi MoreParatuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is achronic bacterial infection of ruminants causing body wasting due to severe and protracted diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex by detecting antibody titers against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) using the absorptive ELISA method. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 738 randomly selected milking cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex and their sera were assessed by ELISA method. The results indicated that 58 cattle had antibody titers against MAP with S/P percentage over 60% (infection rate of 7.86%) of which 25 cattle were positive (with S/P percentage over 70%) and 33 were suspicious (with S/P percentage between 60-70%). Because Johne’s disease is manifested as a subclinical disease and infected cattle seem to be apparently healthy, bacteria are shed through faeces and body secretions causing infection of the rest of the herd. Thus performing periodic herd screening tests and testing recently introduced animals alongside other preventive measures is strictly advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Evaluation of antibody titers from vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in Japanese quails using dual Newcastle-Influenza vaccine
Golara Mardani Mehdi Rezaei Saman MahdaviAvian Influenza (AI) is one of the most destructive viral diseases of poultry flocks, and vaccination can be one of the most important ways to control the disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibody titer obtained from vaccination against H9N2 influen MoreAvian Influenza (AI) is one of the most destructive viral diseases of poultry flocks, and vaccination can be one of the most important ways to control the disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibody titer obtained from vaccination against H9N2 influenza virus in Japanese quails using Newcastle-influenza dual vaccine. For this purpose, 108 one-day-old Japanese quails were tested in 3 groups with 3 replicates. From day one to the end of the rearing period, the conditions were the same for all quails and the only difference was in the influenza disease vaccination program. The first group received killed ND/AI vaccine (CEVAC-NEW FLU H9 K) on day 7, the second group received the same type of vaccine on day 10 and the third group received no vaccination as the control group. The HI (Haemagglutination Inhibition) test was performed after two separate blood collection from the wing vein on days 25 and 35, following vaccination. Statistical analysis by Tukey's test showed that the mean titer of anti-influenza virus antibody in the serum of vaccinated birds was significantly different from the control group (p<0.05), so that in these groups, its amount was higher than its amount in the serum of birds of the control group. Also, the mean antibody titer in the serum of birds that received the vaccine at 7 days old was higher. Based on the findings of the present research and the low age of slaughter in broiler quail flocks, it seems necessary to carry out rapid vaccination against the influenza disease agent in the first week of rearing, to achieve the desired level of protective antibodies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Evaluation of polyclonal antibody production level against Listeria monocytogenes in animal model
Yasin Bagheri Mansour Khakpour Hamid Zihag Alireza BaratiListeria monocytogenes is a short, gram-positive, spore-free bacillus and facultative intracellular parasite, which is transmitted through contaminated vegetables, milk, cheese and meat to humans. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from the egg yolk of immunized hens is a MoreListeria monocytogenes is a short, gram-positive, spore-free bacillus and facultative intracellular parasite, which is transmitted through contaminated vegetables, milk, cheese and meat to humans. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from the egg yolk of immunized hens is a great and cheap source of polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies can be an appropriate replacement for antibodies produced in other laboratory animals. In recent years, IgY has been used widely in medical research for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. In current study, 12 Hy- line laying hens were divided into 2 groups of control (2 hens) and treatment (10 hens) and the treatment group was immunized by triple injection of Listeria monocytogenes antigens once a week. Then, after collecting the eggs and measuring total protein and yolk globulins at weeks 9,10 and 11 after the first injection, it was observed that there was no significant difference in both parameters at 9 and 10 weeks, while they showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p < /em><0.05). However, the amount of globulin and total protein of yolk in the eleventh week was significantly reduced although no significant difference was observed with the controls. Accordingly, it could be concluded that immunization of hens by antigens prepared from Listeria monocytogenes resulted in increased yolk globulin levels in the ninth and tenth weeks after injection therefore egg yolk can be used as a source for producing polyclonal antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Histoanatomical study of lens and ciliary body in guinea pig eye
mohammadali Ebrahimi saadatlou hasan salehvandIn the present study, a total number of 10 guinea pig eyes were studied macroscopically and microscopically (with staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Gieson, and P.A.S.). The results showed that posterior surface of lens was more convex than anterior surface. The average MoreIn the present study, a total number of 10 guinea pig eyes were studied macroscopically and microscopically (with staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Gieson, and P.A.S.). The results showed that posterior surface of lens was more convex than anterior surface. The average lens diameter and thickness were respectively measured as 0.61±0.02 and 0.45±0.024 centimeters. The average ciliary body thickness was measured as 0.25±0.03 centimeters. In addition, the ciliary body’s mean external diameter as 0.92±0.03 centimeters and the number of ciliary body process is about 68. The epithelium of lens was cuboid and the lens capsule as positive PAS reaction intensively. The anterior surface of capsule was thicker than posterior one. The lens fibers in the central part were thicker than other parts and the elastic fibers in lens were not observed. The epithelium of ciliary processes has two layers; the superficial layer was non-pigmented and culumnar with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Deep layer of epithelium was non-pigmented and cuboid with clear cytoplasm. There was not any pigments in subepithelial tissue. The subciliary process’s connective tissue had smooth muscle with longitudinal sections. There are a lot of thick elastic fibers in the ciliary body tissue. In conclusion, the major distinction of guinea pig in addition to differences of the lens and ciliary body’s dimensions was lack of pigmentation of epithelial cells of ciliary body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Evaluation of the presence of anti zona pellucida Antibodies is the serum of repeat breeder Holstein dairy cattle
amirali kaveh hossein nikniyaz This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of anti zona pellucida antibodies in the serum of repeat breeder Holstein cows in Third station Dairy Cattle Husbandry Agro Industry in Moghan. The study was conducted on 168 non-pregnant cows wi More This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of anti zona pellucida antibodies in the serum of repeat breeder Holstein cows in Third station Dairy Cattle Husbandry Agro Industry in Moghan. The study was conducted on 168 non-pregnant cows with a history of Repeat breeder. Animals were selected in two age groups ¸ more than three times calving or less. Ten ml of blood were obtained from Animals from the jugular vein and serum was separated. The presence of anti-ZP antibodies in animal sera were tested by commercial test kits for ELISA (Bioserve Diagnostic, Zona pellucida antibody ELISA, BS-20-20, Germany). From a total of 168 tested animals, 13 animals tested positive (7.74%) and 155 animals were negative (92.26%). Five of 109 cattle with less than three calving were positive and 8 of 59 animals with more than three calving were positive. The results showed highly significant differences between the two groups (Z=2/07) and this means that increasing age has a significant effect on the rate of appearance of anti zona pellucida antibodies in the serum of these animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Comparison of serum antibody titer of 8 types of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccine in broiler chickens
saman mahdavi afshin zakeri yuosef MehmannavazThe aim of this study was to compare the serum antibody titer of 8 types of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines in broiler chickens. Three hundred and twenty one-day-old male broiler chickens (308 Ross strain) were divided into 8 groups (each group comprised MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the serum antibody titer of 8 types of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines in broiler chickens. Three hundred and twenty one-day-old male broiler chickens (308 Ross strain) were divided into 8 groups (each group comprised of 3 replicates) randomly. At 8 days of age, each treatment group received different types of live infectious bronchitis vaccine by eye-drop method. Twelve birds from each group were randomly chosen and blood sample was taken on the 22nd and 29th days of experimental period and ELISA test was performed on sera for detection of sample antibody titer. The mean of serum antibody titer against infectious bronchitis vaccines among treatment groups on the 22nd day of experimental period showed statistical significance between the group that had received HIPRAVIAR Colon/ H120 and the groups that had received Nobilis Ma5+ Clone30, H120 and Cevac Vitabron L (p<0.05) but no statistical significance was seen between the other treatment groups. The mean of serum antibody titer against infectious bronchitis vaccines among treatment groups on the 29th day of experimental period showed no statistical significance between the treatment groups. The comparison of serum antibody titer against infectious bronchitis vaccines in treatment groups between the 22nd and 29th day of experimental period showed statistical significance between the groups that had received Gallivax IB88, Nobilis Ma5+Clone30 and Cevac Vitabron L (p<0.05) but there were no statistical significance between the other treatment groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Study on the effect of consumption period of fish oil on serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride and antibody response in broiler chicks
حسین Iravani M.A Karimi Torshizi بابک KhierkhahThe aim of the present study was to determine the optimal time of fish oil inclusion in broiler feed formulation on antibody response and concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. A 49 day study was conducted on 600 one-day old chicks from a commercial hybrid MoreThe aim of the present study was to determine the optimal time of fish oil inclusion in broiler feed formulation on antibody response and concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. A 49 day study was conducted on 600 one-day old chicks from a commercial hybrid (Ross) which were randomly allocated to 6 groups. The control group was fed a diet containing 5 % corn oil and in experimental groups the fish oil was substituted for corn oil from 2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks. Serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride were determined on days 37 and 44. Titer of antibody against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were determined 7 days after immunization on days 30 and 37. Supplementation of diet by fish oil did not affect concentration of serum cholesterol. However, concentration of serum triglyceride decreased significantly (p<0.01). Titer of IgG against SRBC was affected in first injection (p<0.01) and the maximum antibody response was seen in control group and chickens feeding fish oil for 2 weeks, and antibody response decreased with increase of consumption length of fish oil. Titer of IgM in the second injection (p<0.05) were affected by dietary treatments. Chickens which were fed fish oil for 2, 3 and 4 weeks had higher antibody response than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The Study of Relationship Between Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, Demographic Factors and Weight Control Dimension of Body Management in the Light of Perspectives Based on Teaching Consumption Culture’s Models (Case Study: Female Students in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz)
Narmineh Moeinian Hossein Banifatemeh Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam Mohammad AbbaszadehFrom the pre-modern times to the present day, there have been major changes in the meaning of body, ideal body and aesthetic interventions in the body. As the body and its related standards become valuable, people's self-concept is increasingly tied to it and the people MoreFrom the pre-modern times to the present day, there have been major changes in the meaning of body, ideal body and aesthetic interventions in the body. As the body and its related standards become valuable, people's self-concept is increasingly tied to it and the people's social status, identity and prestige are defined by their physical qualities. Therefore, due to the importance of the above mentioned relationship, this study was conducted with a survey method to assess the relationship between different dimensions of self-concept and weight control dimension of body management among female students of the Tabriz Azad University in 2018-2019. The present study is a quantitative, cross-sectional study and it was conducted by using a questionnaire tool. The sample includes 384 students using Cochran formula. The results of the research show that a large number of the sample population (% 63.3) has a great tendency to control their weight to prevent overweight. Also, there was a significant inverse correlation between body satisfaction and BMI. It means that as body mass index (BMI) increases, body satisfaction decreases. Also, students' self-esteem decreases with the assumption of obesity, and a significant inverse correlation was seen between self-esteem affected by obesity and the amount of weight controlling activities. They indicate that the students give much more value (mean=74.75) to aesthetic body care. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Effect of Cognitive Reconstruction Training on Body Image, Social Anxiety and Suicidal Ideation in Students with Negative Body Image
mohamad abbasi ezatolah ghadampour mohamad hojatiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive reconstruction training on body image, social anxiety and suicidal ideation in second high school girl students with negative body image in Khorramabad. The method of the present study is quasi-experim MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive reconstruction training on body image, social anxiety and suicidal ideation in second high school girl students with negative body image in Khorramabad. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population includes all high school students studying in high schools located in Khorramabad, 30 of whom were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling from the target community. Data were analyzed through the Multidimensional Self-Body Relationship Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Conor et al Anxiety Inventory, and Beck's Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. The results showed that cognitive reconstruction training reduced body image disorder (F = 57.80, P <0.001), social anxiety (F = 98.02, P <0.001) and suicidal ideation (F = 27.99, P <0.001) in female students that have a negative body image. Therefore, this study provided evidence for the effect of cognitive reconstruction training on body image, social anxiety and suicidal ideation in students with negative body image. Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps teens become familiar with different levels of their thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Therapy in Meta Cognitive Beliefs Change and Body Image Concern (BICI) of Depressed Female High School Students
Simin Simin GholamreZaei Mahdi Yousefvand Firouzeh Ghazanfari Ali Asghar FarokhzadianThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Therapy in the level change of negative and positive Meta Cognitive beliefs and body image concern (BICI) of depressed female high school students in Khorramabad. This research was quasi-experime MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Therapy in the level change of negative and positive Meta Cognitive beliefs and body image concern (BICI) of depressed female high school students in Khorramabad. This research was quasi-experimental with pretest - posttest and control group. The sample consisted of 40 subjects with depression selected fromamong female high school students in Khorramabad, and randomly assigned to an experimental group (Meta Cognitive Therapy) and a control group. the experimental group in Intervention stage received 9 sessions of 2 hours of Meta Cognitive Therapy. During this period, the control group received no intervention. To collect the data, Body Image Scale (BII) of Fisher (1979), Beck Depression scale (1988) and metacognitive beliefs of Welles and katrait - Hutton (2004), in the pre-test and post-test for both experimental and control groups were used. The research data were analyzed using spss 21 software (SPSS.21) and conducting ANCOVA. The covariance analysis showed significant differences between the two groups. The results showed that Meta Cognitive Therapy in reducing body image concern (BICI) and negative beliefs as well as increasing positive beliefs is effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - The comparison of mental health status and locus of control of female adolescents of addicted and nonaddicted families
Ahmad Etemadi Fatemeh Mastari FarahaniThe purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the role of the locus of control on the mental health of the female adolescents of the addicted and no addicted families. 120 female adolescents participated in this study. Then the subjects were randomly p MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the role of the locus of control on the mental health of the female adolescents of the addicted and no addicted families. 120 female adolescents participated in this study. Then the subjects were randomly placed in two groups each group consisted of60 adolescents. The required data collected through the role locus of control and, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).The data were analyzed using statistical methods of T-Test, variance analysis and MANOVA shefe test. There was significant defference between mental health of female adolescents with internal and external locus of control (t:2/84) . There was significant defference between mental health of female adolescents of the addicted and nonaddicted families (t:2/61). There was significant defference between mental health of female adolesncents of the addicted and nonaddicted families with the locus of control (f:4/86) . Female adolescents of nonaddicted with internal locus of control had higher mental health .Female adolescents of addicted families with external locus of control and female adolescents of nonaddicted families with internal locus of control had maximum and minimum mental health.Therefore internal locus of control, the development and reinforcement of the internal locus of control is one of the suitable ways for prevention and reduction of the vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Determining the Relationship between Strategic Thinking and Multiple Intelligences (Based on Howard Gardner’s MI Theory) among Sales and Business Managers
Soleyman Iranzadeh Ali SadegiIn today’s changing context, understanding the conditions and predicting the main processes are the only ways through which the organizations can improve their status among the competitors. Such a thing can be achieved solely by managers with high levels of strate MoreIn today’s changing context, understanding the conditions and predicting the main processes are the only ways through which the organizations can improve their status among the competitors. Such a thing can be achieved solely by managers with high levels of strategic thinking. The purpose of the present research is supporting organizations in appointing managers with high levels of strategic thinking by employing multiple intelligences theory as a leading theory in considering individual differences so that these managers would definitely improve the organization status among their competitors. The research hypothesis was as follows: There is a significant relationship between strategic thinking and verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, bodily/kinesthetic, visual/spatial, musical/harmonic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal intelligences. The findings of the study showed a significant relationship between visual/spatial, logical/mathematical, interpersonal intelligences and strategic thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک با تأکید برسبک زندگی (مطالعه موردی زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال)
اسحق ارجمند ناهید برومندهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک میباشد. دیدگاههای نوگرایی، بوردیو و گیدنز به عنوان چارچوب نظری انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و واحد تحلیل زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال و سطح تحلیل، خرد است. شیوه نمونهگیری، خوشهای Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک میباشد. دیدگاههای نوگرایی، بوردیو و گیدنز به عنوان چارچوب نظری انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و واحد تحلیل زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال و سطح تحلیل، خرد است. شیوه نمونهگیری، خوشهای چندمرحلهای و تصادفی ساده است و حجم نمونه طبق فرمول کوکران 240 نفر میباشد. ابزارگردآوری داده‏ها، پرسشنامه است. روش تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره و از نرمافزار SPSS استفاده شده است. از اعتبار صوری جهت سنجش اعتبار(روایی) استفاده شد و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (اعتماد یا پایایی) سبک زندگی و گرایش به فرزندآوری به ترتیب برابر با 711/0 و 714/0 است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بین ترجیح جنسی و گرایش به فرزندآوری رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. بین پیروی از سنت­ها، میزان تحصیلات، سبک زندگی و پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی با گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان رابطه منفی و معناداری وجود دارد. اما بین مؤلفههای سبک زندگی(اوقات فراغت، مصرف کالای فرهنگی و مدیریت بدن) با گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان میدهد که 3/17 درصد از تغییرات میزان گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان به متغیرهای مستقل(سبک زندگی، پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی، ترجیح جنسی و پیروی از سنت­ها) مربوط میشود و متغیرهای ترجیح جنسی و پیروی از سنت­ها تأثیر بیشتری در میزان فرزندآوری دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - بررسی تأثیر سرمایه فرهنگی بر اعتماد اجتماعی (مطالعه موردی شهروندان 18 سال و بالاتر شهر تهران)
قربانعلی ابراهیمی حیدر جانعلی زاده هادی رازقیهدف اصلی مقاله حاضر بررسی تأثیر سرمایه فرهنگی بر اعتماد اجتماعی است. یکی از ابعاد اصلی سرمایه اجتماعی که نقش مهمی را در برقراری ارتباط بین افراد ایفا میکند، اعتماد اجتماعی است. اعتماد اجتماعی از عوامل مؤثر در ایجاد نظم در جامعه است که پیامد آن تقویت انسجام اجتماع Moreهدف اصلی مقاله حاضر بررسی تأثیر سرمایه فرهنگی بر اعتماد اجتماعی است. یکی از ابعاد اصلی سرمایه اجتماعی که نقش مهمی را در برقراری ارتباط بین افراد ایفا میکند، اعتماد اجتماعی است. اعتماد اجتماعی از عوامل مؤثر در ایجاد نظم در جامعه است که پیامد آن تقویت انسجام اجتماعی است. به نظر میرسد که سرمایه فرهنگی نقش مهمی را در تبیین اعتماد اجتماعی داشته باشد. لذا در تحقیق حاضر تلاش میشود تا نشان داده شود که سرمایه فرهنگی چه مقدار از تغییرات اعتماد اجتماعی را تبیین میکند. تحقیق حاضر به روش پیمایش اجرا شده و اطلاعات آن با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه جمع آوری شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل افراد 18 سال و بالاتر شهر تهران می­باشد. حجم نمونه نیز 846 نفر را شامل میشود. شیوه نمونه گیری تحقیق حاضر نیز به روش خوشه ای چند مرحله ای متناسب با حجم می باشد. یافته­های تحقیق حاضر نشان می­دهد که در ابعاد مختلف اعتماد اجتماعی در شمال و جنوب شهر تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد و در تمامی ابعاد اعتماد اجتماعی، جنوب شهر(58/3) نسبت به شمال شهر(88/2) میانگین بالاتری را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین در ابعاد مختلف سرمایه فرهنگی در شمال و جنوب شهر تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد و در تمامی ابعاد سرمایه فرهنگی، شمال شهر(85/3) نسبت به جنوب شهر (90/2) میانگین بالاتری را به خود اختصاص داده است. رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره متغیرهای مستقل (سرمایه فرهنگی تجسم یافته، سرمایه فرهنگی عینیت یافته و سرمایه فرهنگی نهادینه شده) و متغیر وابسته (اعتماد اجتماعی) نشان می­دهد که هر سه متغیر مستقل در مدل نهایی باقی مانده است و تأثیر هر سه بعد سرمایه فرهنگی بر متغیر اعتماد اجتماعی منفی است. مدل نهایی می­تواند 1/31 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته (اعتماد اجتماعی) را تبیین کند و در بین سه بعد سرمایه فرهنگی، تأثیر سرمایه فرهنگی عینیت یافته بر متغیر اعتماد اجتماعی بیشتر از دو بعد دیگر سرمایه فرهنگی (تجسم­یافته و نهادینه شده) میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - بررسی سرمایه فرهنگی و خود پنداره بدنی زنان جوان (مطالعه موردی زنان 18 تا 40 سال شهر اصفهان 1394 )
علی هاشمیان فر اعظم ولایتی امیررضا رضیخودپنداره بدنی یا تصور از بدن یکی از فاکتورها و مشخصه­های اصلی در برداشت از هویت خود در افراد به خصوص جوانان است که به ویژه در سال­های اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین شاخه­های متفاوت علوم انسانی و اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در واقع تصور از بدن را می­توان یکی از مهمت Moreخودپنداره بدنی یا تصور از بدن یکی از فاکتورها و مشخصه­های اصلی در برداشت از هویت خود در افراد به خصوص جوانان است که به ویژه در سال­های اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین شاخه­های متفاوت علوم انسانی و اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در واقع تصور از بدن را می­توان یکی از مهمترین مواردی دانست که خواه و نا خواه تأثیر بسیاری در روابط اجتماعی ما دارند. این تصور و برداشت در خصوص زنان به لحاظ تجربه تاریخی و نگرش ساختاری از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر با توجه به اهمیت این مسأله در برهه کنونی وضعیت اجتماعی زنان جامعه ایرانی انجام شده است و هدف اصلی آن رسیدن به این پرسش است که آیا بین تصور از بدن و سرمایه فرهنگی زنان مورد بررسی رابطه­ای وجود دارد؟ به این منظور از جامعه آماری زنان 18 تا 40 سال ساکن شهر اصفهان تعداد 220 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه مورد قرار گرفته­اند. در تحلیل آماری از نرم افزار Amose 18 در بررسی رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی و تصور زنان از بدن خویش (برداشت از بدن) از رویکرد دو مرحله ای استفاده شده است.با توجه به شاخص های اندازه گیری مدل ترسیمی، فرضیه تحقیق تایید گردید و نتایج نشان از رابطه معنا دار بین دو متغیر سرمایه فرهنگی و برداشت از بدن در بین زنان دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - مدیریت بدن و هویت ملی جوانان(نمونهی مورد مطالعه: جوانان شهر ساری)
مهدی ادیبی سده هادی جلالیهویت بویژه در بعد اجتماعی و ملی آن در دهههای اخیر بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین مؤلفههای کلیدی علوم انسانی و اجتماعی مورد توجه صاحبنظران و دانشمندان قرارگرفتهاست. مقاله حاضر سعی دارد هویت ملی را در عرصهی جهانیشدن فرهنگ و جهانگستری فرهنگ مصرف مورد مطالعه قراردهد. از آن Moreهویت بویژه در بعد اجتماعی و ملی آن در دهههای اخیر بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین مؤلفههای کلیدی علوم انسانی و اجتماعی مورد توجه صاحبنظران و دانشمندان قرارگرفتهاست. مقاله حاضر سعی دارد هویت ملی را در عرصهی جهانیشدن فرهنگ و جهانگستری فرهنگ مصرف مورد مطالعه قراردهد. از آنجا که این فرهنگ ابعاد مختلفی را شامل میشود، مقالهی حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطهی بین مدیریت بدن و هویت ملی جوانان صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، جوانان 18 تا 30 سالهی شهر ساری می باشد. حجم نمونه 384 نفر است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران بدست آمد و به روش خوشهای اجرا شده است. در مجموع نتایج حاکی از آن است، بین مدیریت بدن و هویت ملی جوانان رابطهی منفی و معکوسی وجود دارد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان میدهد متغیرهای مستقل تحقیق در مجموع 4/23 درصد از تغییرات هویت ملی را تبیین میکنند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - An Investigation on the Relationship between Body Management and the Youth Social Identity (Case Study in Sari Boys and Girls)
Mehdi Adibi Sedeh Seyed Hadi Jalali Akerdi -
Open Access Article
188 - A Study of Social Factors Affecting the Body Management (Case Study: Adolescents and Youths of Isfahan City)
Ashraf Abdolhosseini Mansour Haghighatian -
Open Access Article
189 - Semantic Reconstruction of Beauty and Makeup for Young Females: The Phenomenological Study
Milad Pourrajabi Alireza Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
190 - بررسی مطالعه جامعه شناختی- فرهنگی عوامل موثر بر جراحی زیبایی زنان ( مطالعه موردی زنان شهرستان نور)
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر مصطفی قاسمی -
Open Access Article
191 - The Sociological Study of Cultural Capital Role of Iranian Families on the Acceptance of their Children in University (Case Study: Sanati Sharif University- Entrance of 2015-2016)
Qasem Alaeizadeh Seyyed Mohammad Seyyed Mirzaie Mostafa Azkia -
Open Access Article
192 - A Study on the Body Management and the Social Acceptability(A Case Study among Male and Female Students at Islamic Azad University and Payam Noor of Zanjan
Aliyeh Shekarbaygi Amir Amiri -
Open Access Article
193 - Analysing Youth Inclination to Body Management and Organs Control
Muhammad Sadeq Mahdavi Ali Asghar Abbasi Esfajir -
Open Access Article
194 - The Effect of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Body Composition and One Repetition Maximum in Sprinters
Eskandar Rahimi Saeed Abedi Sarah HojjatiIntroduction: Athletes use supplements to enhance their maximal performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) supplements on the body composition and strength of male sprinters. Materials & MethodsIn this experimental stud MoreIntroduction: Athletes use supplements to enhance their maximal performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) supplements on the body composition and strength of male sprinters. Materials & MethodsIn this experimental study, sixteen sprinters (21-28 years old) were randomly divided into control and supplement (ZMA) groups. Control and supplement groups received dextrose and ZMA, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body composition and 1-RM of the upper body (dumbbell flat bench press and standing barbell biceps curl) and lower body (leg press machine, the lying hamstring curl with a weight machine, and leg extensions) were examined before and after 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent T-tests. ResultsThere was no significant difference between pre and post-intervention in control and supplement groups in body weight (Kg), body mass index (Kg/m2), body fat %, body fat (kg), fat-free mass (Kg) (p˃0.05). 1RM increased significantly post-intervention compared to pre-intervention in the supplement group (p=0. 005) but not in the control group (p= 0.02). 1RM in the upper and lower body increased significantly in the supplement group compared to the control in post-intervention (p=0.04, p= 0.03, respectively).Conclusion: According to the research findings, ZMA supplement did not improve the body composition of sprinter athletes. It can probably lead to an increase in 1RM in sprinters' lower and upper limbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Anaerobic Interval Training on the Body Composition Indices of Inactive Obese Women
Elham Elahi Mehran Ghahramani Parisa BanaeiIntroduction: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and overweight among untrained men and women has grown significantly and has now become a serious problem in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of anaerobic interval trainin MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and overweight among untrained men and women has grown significantly and has now become a serious problem in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of anaerobic interval training on body composition indices in inactive obese women. Materials and methods: As an applied research, the present quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design was conducted with two groups of anaerobic interval training and control, in which data were collected through a field study. The statistical sample of the study included 24 obese women over 40 years of age who were assigned into two groups including anaerobic interval training group and control group. Anaerobic interval training was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week and 25 minutes per session. Before the start of the study and 48 hours after the last training session, body fat percentage, body fat mass, lean body mass and body mass index were measured. Statistical analysis of the findings was performed using independent and dependent samples t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. Findings: Eight weeks of anaerobic interval training has a significant effect on reducing body fat percentage and body mass index as well as increasing lean body mass (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of anaerobic interval training improves the body composition of inactive obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on the Quality of Work Life and Body Composition in Female Physicians
azita bordbar vahid rafiee amin rayatIntroduction: Quality of work life refers to the satisfaction of employees with different needs through resources, activities and the results of being at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the quality of wo MoreIntroduction: Quality of work life refers to the satisfaction of employees with different needs through resources, activities and the results of being at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the quality of work life and body composition in female physicians. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 female general practitioners referring to Shiraz Guard Sports Club were selected as the statistical sample and were divided into training and control groups. The training group performed resistance training for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Also, the control group had only their daily activities during this period. Before training and 24 hours after the last training session, body composition was measured by the body composition device and quality of work life by the Walton Quality of Life Questionnaire. Shapiro-Wilk, independent and dependent t-tests were used to analyze the findings (P≥0.05). Findings: There were significant differences in changes in total body water (P=0.27), protein mass (P=0.24), mineral mass (P=0.09), net body mass (P=0.97), fat mass (P=0.84) and no quality of work life (P=0.23) was seen in the training and control groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: It seems that the resistance training protocol of the present study does not have a significant effect on improving the quality of work life and body composition of physicians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Comparison of three training methods of working with weights, aerobics, TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city
sama zarei Ghobad Hassanpour marya rahmanighobadiObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are st MoreObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are still of interest to researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare three methods of aerobic exercise, traditional resistance and TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city. In this applied research, 24 women with an age range of 27 to 32 years and a weight range of 60 to 65 kg were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into groups of (1) aerobic exercise, (2) resistance exercise and (3) exercise TRX were split. Then, the subjects of each group performed the selected exercises for three sessions a week and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes during the eight-week period. Body fat percentage, mineral mass, body protein mass, body water percentage and net body mass were measured in the pre-test and post-test of the research by BOCAX1 body composition evaluation device made in South Korea. It seems that the three methods of training did not have a significant difference in changing the body composition of women; Also, the factor of time and the number of training sessions along with daily calorie evaluation have been very important factors in the results of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The Effect of Pilates Training along with Saffron Consumption on Body Composition of Female
Setareh Sharafi Ghobad Hassanpour Mehdi NouraAbstract Introduction: Nutrition and exercise are two factors affecting weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates trainings with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Materials and Methods: In thi MoreAbstract Introduction: Nutrition and exercise are two factors affecting weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates trainings with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Materials and Methods: In this quasi- experimental study, 32 non-athlete female volunteers were divided into four groups of eight based on body weight, including 1) training, 2) saffron, 3) training + saffron and 4) placebo. Groups 1 and 3 performed Pilates trainings for 3 sessions per week . Each session lasted 60 minutes. Groups 2 and 3 consumed capsules containing 30 mg of saffron daily, and groups 4 received capsules containing placebo for 8 weeks. In the pre- test and 72 hours after the last training session and saffron consumption, the body composition of the subjects was measured using the BOCA X1 body composition device made in South Korea. To analyze the data, Shapiro- Wilk test, one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post- hoc test were used (P≤0.05). Findings: Pilates training, saffron consumption and Pilates training with saffron consumption had a significant effect on reducing the percentage of fat mass, increasing the percentage of total body fluid and the percentage of lean body mass (P=0.001). Also Pilates training with saffron consumption compared to consumption of saffron had a favorable effect on reducing the percentage of body fat mass (P=0.01) and increasing the percentage of total body fluid (P=0.009). Discussion: Although Pilates training and saffron consumption alone improve body composition, it seems that Pilates training combined with saffron consumption has more favorable effects than saffron. Keywords: Pilates Training, Saffron, Body Composition Extended abstract Introduction The development of machine facilities, on one hand, has led to a better life and more leisure, and on the other hand, has reduced physical activity. This has led people to take an inactive life and has created a noticeable lack of movement in human life (1). Pilates is an exercise system founded in 1930 by Joseph Pilates. Today, what has made this unknown sport a complementary sport to the public and even home is the excellent performance of this sport and its application to all people of all ages and genders from a professional athlete to a housewife and its special condition like pregnancy (8). In addition to physical activity, one of the factors that can affect body composition is controlling and managing food intake. Some medical plants are more popular in today's society due to their weight loss effects. Saffron has been used as a well-known drug to treat many diseases throughout history and in different nationalities (3). Numerous therapeutic properties have been mentioned for saffron and its active ingredients, including anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and hypnotic effects, anti-seizure, muscle relaxant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- Alzheimer's, and anti-tumor and antitussives. Today, the use of natural and traditional supplements to perform sports skills better by improving body composition and increasing strength has become very popular. Considering the popularity and prevalence of Pilates in Iran in the last decade and the high tendency of people in this sport, especially in Iranian women, and the lack of studies on the interactive effects of Pilates training and crocin consumption on body composition, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates along with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Material and methods In this quasi-experimental study, 32 non-athlete women with mean age of 33±3.28 years were selected as the statistical sample. Inclusion criteria included no smoking, no cardiovascular disease and no weight loss drugs. At the beginning of the research, the informed consent form was completed by all subjects. Then, after measuring the demographic characteristics, the subjects were divided into four groups of eight based on body weight including 1) training, 2) saffron, 3) training + saffron and 4) placebo. During eight weeks, groups 2 and 3 consumed capsules containing 30 mg of saffron extract daily and group 4 consumed capsules containing placebo (13). Also groups 1 and 3 performed Pilates trainings for 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session (14). Each Pilates session consisted of 10 minutes of light warm- up, 15 minutes of stretching, 25 minutes of specialized exercises, and 10 minutes of cooling down. Before starting the research in the pre- test and 72 hours after the last training session and consumption of saffron, the body composition of the subjects was measured using the BOCA X1 body composition made in South Korea (2). Shapiro- Wilk, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post- hoc tests were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Findings The results showed that the percentage of the body fat mass in training, saffron and training + saffron groups compared to the control group in the post- test had a significant decrease than that of the pre-test (P=0.001). Also, the percentage of body fat mass in the training group + saffron in comparison with the saffron group in the post- test had a significant decrease than that of the pre- test (P=0.01). Percentage of total body fluid in the training + saffron group compared to the saffron group in the post- test had a significant increase compared to the pre- test (P=0.009). The percentage of lean body mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups compared to the control group in the post- test had a significant increase than the pre- test (P=0.001). The results also showed that the percentage of body fat mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups in the post- test was significantly reduced compared to the pre- test (P=0.001); Percentage of total body fluid in the training + saffron group in the post- test increased significantly compared to the pre- test (P=0.001). Also, the percentage of lean body mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups in the post- test significantly increased compared to the pre- test (P=0.001). Discussion The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of Pilates training significantly reduced the percentage of body fat mass and increased the percentage of lean body mass. Consistent with the present study, eight weeks of Pilates training resulted in a reduction in body fat percentage, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and abdominal fat (15). Regarding the use of exercises to control weight and body composition in women, it should be stated that due to the increasing prevalence of overweight in women and its consequences in adulthood, the use of an appropriate exercise to control weight and body composition is necessary. In fact, exercise can control weight and body composition by increasing calorie consumption. Also, the results of the present study showed that eight weeks of saffron consumption led to a significant reduction in the percentage of body fat mass and an increase in the percentage of lean body mass. To confirm the beneficial effects of saffron consumption, Hooshmand Moghadam and Gaini (2018) reported that daily consumption of 150 mg saffron led to a decrease in body fat percentage (12). It has been pointed out that the effects of saffron are due to the active ingredients of saffron, especially flavonoids (crocetin and crocin) as well as polyphenolic compounds, so that these substances can increase the antioxidant defense system (12). Regarding the interactive effects, the findings of the present study showed that Pilates training along with saffron consumption led to a significant decrease in the percentage of body fat mass and also a significant increase in the percentage of total body fluid and lean body mass. In addition, training along with saffron had a greater effect on reducing the percentage of body fat mass and increasing the percentage of total body fluid. Regarding these findings, it can be concluded that performing Pilates training along with saffron consumption has more favorable effects on body composition than saffron consumption alone. Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that although Pilates training and saffron consumption alone lead to improved body composition, Pilates training combined with saffron consumption seems to have more favorable effects than saffron. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All subjects full fill the informed consent. Funding No funding. Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Setareh Sharafi, Ghobad Hassanpour; Methodology and data analysis: Setareh Sharafi; Supervision and final writing: Ghobad Hassanpour. Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. 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Open Access Article
199 - Abulfazl Rashiduddin Meibdi and His Interpretation of Real and Virtual Love
Fatemeh Pahlavan ShamsiOne of the most lasting and the most valuable Persian language and literature treasures is translations and interpretations which have been written by clean-minded servants of God. Among these long translations and interpretations of the Holy Quran, kashf Al-asrar writt MoreOne of the most lasting and the most valuable Persian language and literature treasures is translations and interpretations which have been written by clean-minded servants of God. Among these long translations and interpretations of the Holy Quran, kashf Al-asrar written by Meybodi has high value and special authority. Mystical interpretation has been completed by Meybodi in 1126 AD. His Sufism is a romantic Sufism; this means that he considers relationship between man and God as concept of love or affection, so that being human is aware of God. Abolfazl Rashid Al-din Meybodi having skill for using words, considers the true love voice as the agent of purification and spiritual self-creation and also its pleasant breeze as inspiring satisfaction inside. The current paper presents that features and attributes of love in mystical interpretation of kashf Al-asrar with themes about it has high value so that it takes heartless reader to ascension of the facts and in the end of each topic, sweet nectar of joiner places in his vein and lipid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - هوش بدنی –جنبشی دانشجویان دختر و پسر ایرانی مقطع کارشناسی زبان انگلیسی و رابطه آن با دانش دستور زبان
Nasrin Garavand Akbar Azizifar Habib Gowhary Shahram Welidiاین پژوهش به بررسی رابطه بین هوش بدنی-جنبشی دانشجویان دختر و پسر ایرانی در مقطع کارشناسی زبان انگلیسی و دانش دستوری زبان آنها پرداخت. جهت انجام این پژوهش، تعداد 139دانشجو شامل 46 دختر و93 پسر دانشجوی زبان انگیسی بین سنین 22تا 32 به طور تصادفی به عنوان نمونه آماری این پژ Moreاین پژوهش به بررسی رابطه بین هوش بدنی-جنبشی دانشجویان دختر و پسر ایرانی در مقطع کارشناسی زبان انگلیسی و دانش دستوری زبان آنها پرداخت. جهت انجام این پژوهش، تعداد 139دانشجو شامل 46 دختر و93 پسر دانشجوی زبان انگیسی بین سنین 22تا 32 به طور تصادفی به عنوان نمونه آماری این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. از پرسشنامه هوش چندگانه (MIQ) و آزمون تافل دستور زبان جهت ارزیابی هوش بدنی- جنبشی دانشجویان و تعیین سطح دانش دستوری زبان استفاده شد. این رابطه با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و تحلیل همبستگی به دست آمد. سپس، با استفاده از آزمون t نمونه مستقل تفاوت بین دختران و پسران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.یافته ها نشان داد که رابطه بین هوش بدنی- جنبشی و دانش دستور زبان دانشجویان از نظر آماری معنادار است. این یافته ها همچنین نشان داد که که دختران و پسران دانشجو از نظر هوش بدنی- جنبشی و دانش دستور زبان انگلیسی با همدیگر تفاوت معناداری نداشتند. یافته ها پیشنهاد می کند که دبیران حرفه ای زبان انگلیسی از کتاب های درسی و تکالیف کلاسی یکسانی برای همه دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در فرایند یادگیری و آموزش جهت یادگیری دستور زبان استفاده کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Non-resonant Four-body Decay of B→D^- π^+ π^+ π^-
Yaghoob Mohammadmoradi Mohammad Rahim Talebtash Abolfazl Khodadadi -
Open Access Article
202 - The Role of Ancient Families in Preserving the Traditions and Cultural Flourishing of the Land of Tabarestan (Case Study: Espahbodan Family)
Nadereh nafisiMuch research has been done on pre-Islamic Iranian families, but less attention has been paid to the cultural influences of these families. In this article, through genealogy and survey of the Espahbodan family, as one of the aristocratic families influencing the socio- MoreMuch research has been done on pre-Islamic Iranian families, but less attention has been paid to the cultural influences of these families. In this article, through genealogy and survey of the Espahbodan family, as one of the aristocratic families influencing the socio-political destiny of this land, an attempt is made to show that part of our national achievements and cultural continuity of Iranians is rooted in the historical permanence of the ancient families. The Esfandiari family from the Espahbodan dynasty is an example of the cultural continuity and prosperity of these ancient dynasties. A look at the family genealogy of this family shows their wide presence in various fields, from the army to ministry, literature, and art. This article seeks to prove the hypothesis that the influence of the cultural achievements of the Sassanids can be traced not only in the early centuries AH but also to the present day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Investigation of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan and Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul with a body-centered approach
Alireza Haj vaziri parnaz Godarzparvari Esmaeil BaniardalanAccording to the body-centered approach and relying on it, the present research tested the geometric motifs in mosques in terms of similarities and differences. In this research, the type of data was historical and mainly qualitative data, therefore, the upcoming resear MoreAccording to the body-centered approach and relying on it, the present research tested the geometric motifs in mosques in terms of similarities and differences. In this research, the type of data was historical and mainly qualitative data, therefore, the upcoming research was placed in the field of non-judgmental qualitative research. In this research, qualitative content analysis based on comparative, analytical method was used. Based on the observation of documents and library sources, their bases were explained and studied and analyzed. The tools used in the different stages of the study are: a checklist for closed and, if necessary, open interviews with relevant researchers and professors in this case, and recording the desired images through reliable internet sources, drawing tables related to the discussed geometric patterns using Related software and snapshots of available documents and resources. Based on the researches, the use of Islami and Khatai and inscriptions are common features of the two mosques, which are implemented in different divisions, compositions and colors, but this difference does not create a different feeling in viewer, and both mosques instill peace in human existence. This issue is actually due to the mystery of painting that gives unity to whole building in Islamic buildings and despite the difference between the two buildings, there is a show of homogeneity and dominance of pattern and decoration over form in such a way that the form is behind the decoration and in line with the concepts and Islamic values are a message of unity and integration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Introduction of the Balochi poem "Makkoran" of Ravanbod and its adaptation to "Haidar Baba" of Shahryar
Abdolghafour JahandidehBalochi literature has a long history and it has developed significantly in the contemporary period, but compared to the literature of some other ethnic groups in Iran it has remained unknown for various reasons. Poetical art has been an essential part of Baloch life an MoreBalochi literature has a long history and it has developed significantly in the contemporary period, but compared to the literature of some other ethnic groups in Iran it has remained unknown for various reasons. Poetical art has been an essential part of Baloch life and poetry still has many fans and enthusiasts. The Poetry of Ravanbad is the most popular and very famous in Balochistan. This bilingual poet has written many poems in Persian and Balochi languages, and his most important poem is "Makkoran". This poem is in Balochi and has 317 stanzas and it is in the traditional Balochi form and composed in the form of prosodic or poetical meter. The prominence of this poem is mostly due to the minstrels or the so-called "Pahlevanan". This is a small encyclopedia of knowledge of Balochistan, especially Makkoran and the people. This poetic work is considered to be one of the masterpieces of contemporary Balochi literature and it is at the peak of rhetoric and eloquence. The poet, in this poem talks about the culture, customs, past history, beauties of Balochistan, the originality and masculinity of Balochi people, the longing of the past of this people and the adherence to morality and religion. This poem is in many ways, comparable to the Turkish poem of Haidar Baba. In this article, we first present and review the structure and theme of Makkoran poem, and then we compare it to the poem of Haidar Baba Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - An investigation of some Tabari's sayings of three Tabari speaking poets regarding Tabarestan's History book by Ebn-Isfandiar
aref kamar poshti mohamad hadi khalegh zadehThe history of Tabarestan written by baha-Al-din Mohammad-Ibn- Hassan-Ibn-Isfandiar _ known as Ibn-e-Isfandiar from Amol_ is one of the most valid local histories ever written in Iran. In fact, Ibn-e-Isfandiar is the father of the historiography in Mazandaran. The prose MoreThe history of Tabarestan written by baha-Al-din Mohammad-Ibn- Hassan-Ibn-Isfandiar _ known as Ibn-e-Isfandiar from Amol_ is one of the most valid local histories ever written in Iran. In fact, Ibn-e-Isfandiar is the father of the historiography in Mazandaran. The prose of this book, which was edited and published in two volumes by the deceased Abbas Ighbal Ashtiani in 1320, is literary. The fourth chapter of the first volume talks about the biography of scholars, pious people, historians, physicians, astrologers, and poets. Divarehvaz or Mastemard, Barbad Jariri Tabari, Qazi Hajim, and Isfahbod Khorshid Mamatiri are among the poets introduced in this section. These lines of verse were previously translated and explained by Dr. Sadegh Kia in his book, Vajenameh (wordbook) Tabari, published in 1327 by Tehran university publications. Wherever he could not find or was not sure about the meaning of a word or phrase, Dr. Kia used question marks (?) or dotted lines (…). This article is, in fact, the explanation of some of the dotted lines and question marks of Dr. Kia's Tabari Wordbook. Some of the poems of three great Tabari speaking poets of Ibn-e-Isfandiar's Tabarestan History, namely Divarevaz(Mastemard), Qazi Hajim, and Isfahbod Khorshid Mamatiri are explained in this article. This article has been written based on Ibn-e-Isfandiar Tabarestan History and Kia's Tabari Wordbook Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Comparison of level of physical activity, Body Mass Index and body image satisfaction of adolescent girls before and after one year of coronary quarantine
Zahra Abdollahian Some&rsquo;ehsaraei Mohammad Reza Fadaei ChafyThe aim of this study was to compare the level of physical activity, Body Mass Index and body Image satisfaction of adolescent girls before and after one year of coronary quarantine. The method of the present study is descriptive-comparative. The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the level of physical activity, Body Mass Index and body Image satisfaction of adolescent girls before and after one year of coronary quarantine. The method of the present study is descriptive-comparative. The statistical population of the study included 800 adolescent female students aged 13 to 15 years in the city of Some’eh Sara. A statistical sample of 192 non-randomized methods was obtained. Two standard questionnaires “Physical activity of children and adolescents” and “Multidimensional body-self relationships” were used to collect data online. Data analysis including descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired t-test) were performed using SPSS-23 software. The findings of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the mean level of physical activity of adolescent girls before coronary artery and one year after coronary artery quarantine (p=0.044), but between the mean Body Mass Index (p=0.073) and the average body image satisfaction before coronary artery and one year after coronary artery quarantine. No significance was observed (p=0.9). So, contrary to expectations, teenage girls maintained their weight and body image during the corona. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women
keyvan hejaziBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In t MoreBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 overweight women were randomly assigned to control (n=12) and experimental (n=12). The program training include: 80-90 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks participate in continuous-resistance. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after training session. To make intra and intergroup comparisons t-test for dependent and independent samples were used. Results: Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly, while levels of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly. Body weight and body mass index values decreased significantly at the end of the period.Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous-resistance training resulted in improved lipid profile and body composition at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a continuous-resistance training program can improve the health of overweight women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The effect of six-week resistance training with vascular obstruction on Growth hormone,Strength,Muscular endurance,power and Body fat Percentage in male bodybuilders
Salar Haghiparast Mohammad Reza Fadaei Chafythe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of resistance training with vascular obstruction on ghrowth hormone, Strength, Muscular endurance, power and body fat percentage in male bodybuilders. For this research twenty-four bodybuilders with at least two yea Morethe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of resistance training with vascular obstruction on ghrowth hormone, Strength, Muscular endurance, power and body fat percentage in male bodybuilders. For this research twenty-four bodybuilders with at least two years of training experience and the age average was 25.6 ± 1.9 years and the weight was 79.28 ± 6.28 kg and the BMI was 24.69 ± 1.8 kg / m2 were chosen and were divided into two groups;one group, resistance training with vascular obstruction and the other group, resistance training without vascular occlusion. Both groups performed an exercise program consisting of five sessions per week, two of which were dedicated to training the arm muscles for six weeks. before and after the six weeks training plan a blood test was taken from volunteers;the body fat percentage was also measured with caliper. Muscular strength and endurance were assessed using weights and bodybuilding equipment and hand muscle strength was assessed using the Madison Ball throw test with both hands forward.The results said showed that resistance training with vascular obstruction had significant effect on the muscular endurance of biceps(P=0/005) and triceps(P=0/007) but had no effect on growth hormone (P=0/607), strength(P=0/674), power(P=0/41) and body fat percentage(P=0/382). Due to the fact that increasing strength and muscle volume in bodybuilding is considered by athletes in this popular field, The use of blood flow obstruction is not recommended for athletes with experience in this sport in training design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The effect of eight weeks of TRX and CRX exercising on body composition and lipid profile indices in overweight young women
Nasim Alimoradi Haneyeh Noorolahi Fatemeh HosseiniIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and C MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and CG (n = 20). The program of both training groups included 10 minutes of warm-up with stretching and flexibility movements and then 10 circular stationary movements for 30 to 40 minutes, which ended with 10 minutes of stretching movements to cool down. The TRX group trained with resistance bands and the CRX group with weight training. Research variables were measured before and after exercises. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Comparison of BMI and WHR showed that these variables were significantly reduced in the TRX group compared to the CRX and CG groups. While the PBF variable in TRX and CRX groups showed a significant decrease compared to CG. Also, in lipid profile indices of TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, TRX group showed a significant improvement compared to CRX and CG groups. In TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices, significant improvement was observed compared to CG in both training groups (P≥0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an eight-week of TRX and CRX exercises is effective in improving body composition indices and lipid profile of overweight young women; But TRX exercises are more effective than CRX. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The effect of eight weeks of combined training on Copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women
Bahman HasanvandThe effect of eight weeks of combined training on Copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women Abstract Introduction: Obesity is related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, kidney failure, and various types of cance MoreThe effect of eight weeks of combined training on Copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women Abstract Introduction: Obesity is related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, kidney failure, and various types of cancer. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercises on copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, which was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 obese women (body mass index above 30 kg/m2) with an age range of 20 to 35 years were selected as available and in 2 groups of 15 people were combined and controlled. Blood samples were collected in two pre-test and post-test stages (after 8 weeks of training). The training protocol consisted of 2 weeks of combined exercises performed three sessions per week in two sections of rope training and resistance training with elastic. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that combined exercise significantly increased the copeptin of obese women (P <0.001). Other results also showed that combined exercise significantly reduced the percentage of body fat in obese women (P <0.0001). Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the present results indicated that obese women by using combined exercises can probably prevent the inflammatory stress caused by sports activities and its subsequent consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The effect of UCP1 and PPARα genotypes on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after eight weeks of endurance training
Maryam Kamari Masoud Rahmati Mehdi BoostaniIntroduction: Considering the role of UCP1 and PPARα in fat metabolism, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UCP1 and PPARα genotypes on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after an endurance training program.Materials MoreIntroduction: Considering the role of UCP1 and PPARα in fat metabolism, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UCP1 and PPARα genotypes on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after an endurance training program.Materials and Methods: 23 obese women (30-45 years old, BMI=30) voluntarily participated in the research. Subjects participated in an endurance training program (8 weeks, 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes in each session, by intensity of 55-75% of heart rate reserve). The subjects' height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, and VO2max were evaluated before and after the training program. In order to extract DNA and observe the genetic profile by RFLP method, saliva samples were collected. Subjects were placed in CG and GG groups for PPARα gene and CC and CT groups for UCP1 gene. The frequency of genotypes was checked with chi-square test and the difference between variables was checked with independent t-test.Results: The results of UCP1 gene in CC and CT genotype groups showed that there is no significant difference between pre to post test of VO2max (p=0.823), BMI (p=0.683), fat percentage (p=0.275), waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.113). Also, the results of PPARα gene in CG and GG genotype groups showed that there is no significant difference between pre to post test of VO2max (p=0.739), BMI (p=0.24), fat percentage (p=0.493) and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.447).Conclusion: UCP1 and PPARα genotypes have no effect on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after an endurance training program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Routing in a Wireless Multilayer Physical Network by Balanced Utilization Approach and Minimum Energy Using a Firefly Optimization Algorithm
Abolghasem Nadali -
Open Access Article
213 - A New Nonlinear Model of Body Resistance in Nanometer PD SOI MOSFETs
Arash Daghighi Azam Askari KhoshueiIn this paper, a nonlinear model for the body resistance of a 45nm PD SOI MOSFET is developed. This model verified on the base of the small signal three-dimensional simulation results. In this paper by using the three-dimensional simulation of ISE-TCAD software, t MoreIn this paper, a nonlinear model for the body resistance of a 45nm PD SOI MOSFET is developed. This model verified on the base of the small signal three-dimensional simulation results. In this paper by using the three-dimensional simulation of ISE-TCAD software, the indicating factors of body resistance in nanometer transistors and then are shown, using the surface potential model. A mathematical relation to calculat the body resistance incorporating device width and body potential was derived. Excellent agreement was obtained by comparing the model outputs and three-dimensional simulation results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Design of Low-Power CMOS OTA Using Bulk-Drive Technique
Maryam Ghadiri ModarresThis paper presents the design of low power CMOS- OTA (operational transconductance amplifier) using bulk drive (BD) technique with broad band. This technique is used for design of low power circuits with broad band for high frequency users, for example communication sy MoreThis paper presents the design of low power CMOS- OTA (operational transconductance amplifier) using bulk drive (BD) technique with broad band. This technique is used for design of low power circuits with broad band for high frequency users, for example communication systems, mobile communication and communication forming of medical electronics. OTA is the base of amplifier .It is a fundamental building part of analog systems. Recently analog designer has been paid to low voltage (LV),low power (LP) integrated circuits. Many techniques are used for the design of LV LP circuits, the bulk driven offers principle this designs. This paper suggests a bulk driven OTA in standard CMOS processes and supply voltage 0.8 volt DC. It used of improved wilson current mirror. The simulation results have been carried out by the HSPICE simulator in 180 nm CMOS technology. The open loop gain is enhanced to 17.4dB at unity gain band with (UGB) of 26.1 MHZ with sufficient output swing. Power consumption of the OTA is in range of few hundreds of nanowatts (6%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The effect of customer experience management on word-of-mouth advertising with the mediating role of customer relationship management in Mashhad bodybuilding clubs
seyed mohammad hosein hoseini ravesh amir moghaddamThe purpose of the research was the effect of customer experience management on word-of-mouth advertising with the mediating role of customer relationship management in a selection of bodybuilding clubs in Mashhad and descriptive-correlation research. Using Cochran's fo MoreThe purpose of the research was the effect of customer experience management on word-of-mouth advertising with the mediating role of customer relationship management in a selection of bodybuilding clubs in Mashhad and descriptive-correlation research. Using Cochran's formula, 347 male athletes were selected as a statistical sample by simple random method. To collect data, questionnaires of "Customer Relationship Management", "Word of Mouth Advertising" questionnaire of Jang (2007) and 20-item "Customer Experience Management" questionnaire of Schmidt (1999) were used. The amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained for the variables obtained from the questionnaires and their dimensions is above 0.7. The validity and validity of the questionnaire through (form and content validity) using the opinions of professors, experts and experts. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to check the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and to test and check the hypotheses, the method of factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used. obtained. To analyze and apply tests, SPS25, Lisrel and SmartPLS software have been used. Based on the descriptive findings of the research, the average level of customer experience management is 57/ 2, customer relationship management is 2.15 and word-of-mouth advertising is 3.43 out of the maximum possible score of 5. The statistical test of the hypotheses showed that the variables of customer experience management and customer relationship management and their components have a significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - بررسی عملکرد تصفیه بیولوژیکی و تاثیر زمان های ازن زنی بر پس آب مجتمع صنعتی گوشت مشهد
رامین رهبری محمد جواد وریدی علی شریف مهدی نصیری محلاتی -
Open Access Article
217 - اثر عصاره ی گل راعی دیهیمی (Hypericum scabrum L) بر صفات خون، وزن و دمای بدن در موش
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محسن جعفریان دهکردی رحمان پورحکیم داودی بهزاد حامدی محمد ربیعیمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به خواص دارویی بسیار ارزنده گیاه دارویی گل راعی، تاکنون تحقیقات چندانی در خصوص مسمومیت و عوارض جانبی غلظتهای بالای گونه گل راعی دیهیمی نشده است. بنابراین با توجه به موارد فوق تحقیق حاضر جهت مطالعه اثرات مسمومیت ناشی از مصرف گل راعی دیهیمیبر خصوصیا Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به خواص دارویی بسیار ارزنده گیاه دارویی گل راعی، تاکنون تحقیقات چندانی در خصوص مسمومیت و عوارض جانبی غلظتهای بالای گونه گل راعی دیهیمی نشده است. بنابراین با توجه به موارد فوق تحقیق حاضر جهت مطالعه اثرات مسمومیت ناشی از مصرف گل راعی دیهیمیبر خصوصیات بالینی و رفتاری در موش به مرحله اجرا در آمد.روش تحقیق: گونه مورد مطالعه از منطقه سبزکوه در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری جمع آوری شد. جهت بررسی مسمومیت عصاره گیاه گل راعی، 5 گروه آزمایشی هر گروه شامل 4 سر موش که به چهار گروه از آن­ها غلظت های 100تا 1000 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم وزن زنده موش عصاره خورانده شد و به گروه شاهد عصاره ای خورانده نشد. در نهایت پس از 24 ساعت صفات مختلف خونی، وزنی و دمایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. هم­چنین مطابق روش قبلی این صفات برای 14 روز بعد از خورانده شدن دزهای فوق مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: در بررسی نتایج پاتولوژیک کلیه و کبد تفاوت آشکاری بین گروههای مختلف مشاهده نشد. در بررسی آماری انجام شده روی نتایج به دست آمده، در خصوص صفاتی نظیر HCT، Hb، RBC، Mono، MCV، Band، MCH، MCHC و pH تفاوت آماری معنی داری بین گروههای تیمار و شاهد به دست نیامد (p<0.05). در مورد شمارش گلبولهای سفید، نوتروفیل و ائوزینوفیل تفاوت معنی داری بین گروههای تیمار با گروه شاهد مشاهده شد (p<0.05) به طوری که علت این افزایش، استرس فیزیولوژیک ناشی از دز بالای دارو میباشد، زیرا در میزان Band Cell (نوتروفیل نابالغ) که شاخصی جهت بروز عفونت و پاسخ مغز استخوان میباشد، افزایش مشاهده نمیگردد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی : به طور کلی عصاره گل راعی دیهیمی در هیچ­کدام از غلظتهای استفاده شده دارای اثر سمیت زائی نمیباشد و تنها میتواند باعث ایجاد تابلو استرس در نمونههای مورد آزمایش شود. اما با نگاهی به وزن موش ها پس از دو هفته مطالعه و آزمایش، میتوان افزایش وزن موش ها را در پایان مطالعه مشاهده کرد که گویی این گیاه باعث افزایش وزن شده است. در کل به غیر از تأثیرات پاتولوژیکی که در غلظتهای بالا از خود نشان داد، گل راعی دیهیمی دارای اثر سوء دیگری نمیباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - پتانسیل درمانی داروی گیاهی Gbogbonise Epa ijebu در موش های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار آلوده به سالمونلا انتریکا سرووار تیفی
سیی انیتان مایکل دادا اولوافمی اوگونتی بیجو امانوئل ایلئوما ساراتو آجیک ویکتور آدروگباBackground & Aim: Commercially sold herbal remedies are fast gaining recognition among the Nigerian populace for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu herbal remedy in male Wistar rats i MoreBackground & Aim: Commercially sold herbal remedies are fast gaining recognition among the Nigerian populace for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu herbal remedy in male Wistar rats infected with Salmonella enteric serovar typhi (S.typhi).Experimental: A total of 60 male Wistar rats weighing 150+50 g (mean+SD) were randomly assigned into 10 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were infected with one ml of S. typhi suspension with a concentration of 106 CFU/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Group 4, 5 and 6 which served as the Zero control, undiluted herbal control and diluted herbal control, respectively. Group 7 and were 8 were treated with 500 mg/Kg/bid and 250 mg/kg/bid herbal remedy, respectively, while group 9 and 10 were treated with equal volume of Ciprofloxacin and herbal remedy, 500 mg/kg/bid and 250 mg/kg/bid, respectively, orally twice daily for 7days. Bacterial loads in rectal swab, intestine and gall bladder, as well as the anti-S.typhi O and H serum antibodies of the test and control rats were evaluated at pre-infection, post-infection and post-treatment phases using standard microbiological and serological methods.Results: The outcome of this study showed that the administration of the herbal remedy (500 mg/Kg/bid) resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the rectal (1.8±04 Log CFU/mL), intestinal (4.25±0.05 Log CFU/Intestine) and gall-bladder (1.85±0.25 Log CFU/Gall-Bladder) bacterial load, as well as the anti-S. typhi O (93.3±22.3) and H (93.3±22.3) serum antibodies level of the test groups compared to the infection control (3.8±0.20 Log CFU/mL, 8.3±0.10 Log CFU/Intestine, 4.3±0.06 Log CFU/Gall-Bladder and 173.3±32.1, respectively).Recommended applications/industries: The outcome of this study further underscores the curative potential of the herbal remedy as claimed by the manufacturers and vendors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - اثر مدت و میزان استفاده از پودر سیر بر رشد و میزان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن نیوکاسل و گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی
مهدی رئیسی سیدعلی اوسط حسینی علی آباد محمدباقر پاشا زانوسی امیر روفچاییمقدمه و هدف: به منظور کاهش عوارض جانبی آنتی بیوتیک های سنتتیک محرک رشد، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک های بالقوه رشد، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه سیر که از دیر باز به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده بوده است بر عملکرد رش Moreمقدمه و هدف: به منظور کاهش عوارض جانبی آنتی بیوتیک های سنتتیک محرک رشد، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک های بالقوه رشد، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه سیر که از دیر باز به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده بوده است بر عملکرد رشد و میزان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن نیوکاسل و گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدت و میزان استفاده از پودر سیر (Allium sativum L.) بر صفات مورد آزمایش در جوجه های گوشتی، آزمایشی با 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل 4´3 با دو عامل سطح مصرف پودر سیر در جیره (شامل: 0، 0/5، 1 و 3 درصد) و دوره زمانی مصرف (آغازین، پایانی و کل دوره) انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: مصرف پودر سیر در سطوح 1 و 3 درصد موجب افزایش معنی دار صفت وزن گردید(0/5>p). دوره زمانی مصرف پودر سیر اثر معنی داری بر مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن نداشت، اما در مجموع تیمارهایی که در دوره پایانی پرورش پودر سیر مصرف شدند، افزایش وزن بیشتری داشتند. پایین ترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در پایان دوره پرورش مربوط به گروه های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 1 درصد پودر سیر بود که تفاوت معنی داری را با تیمارهای مصرف کننده 5/0 درصد پودر و سیر شاهد داشت (0/001>p). نتایج تیتر آنتی بادی نیوکاسل در هیچ یک از مراحل نمونه گیری اختلاف معنی داری را بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد. نتایج تیتر آنتی بادی گامبرو در 33 روزگی نشان داد که تیمارهای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 1 و 3 درصد پودر سیر دارای بالاترین تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن گامبرو دربین گروه های آزمایشی بوده (0/001>p) و در 42 روزگی نیز، تیتر آنتی بادی پرندگان مورد آزمایش به طور معنی داری در تمام سطوح مصرف پودر سیر، نسبت به شاهد بیشتر بود (0/001>p). دوره های زمانی مصرف پودر سیر هیچ اثر معنی داری بر تیتر آنتی بادی نیوکاسل و گامبرو بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نداشت. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از سطوح 1 و 3 درصد پودر سیر در دوره زمانی مصرف، سبب بهبود عملکرد رشد و تیتر آنتی بادی بر علیه واکسن گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی شده است. توصیه کاربردی-صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، پودر سیر به دلیل وجود خواص ضد باکتریایی ترکیب آلیسین و سایر ترکیبات موجود در آن، می تواند تأثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی داشته باشد، لذا استفاده از آن به جهت تولید محصول سالم و ارگانیک توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - ترجمه عبارتهای اعضای بدن: مورد "چشم" در فارسی
فرزاد شریفیانترجمه اصطلاحات مربوط به اعضای بدن از یک زبان به زبان دیگر چالش مهمی را به همراه دارد، زیرا این عبارات معمولاً با مفاهیم فرهنگی مرتبط هستند، مانند احساسات و فعالیتهای ذهنی، که در بسیاری از موارد در زبانها متفاوت است. بنابراین، ترجمه تحت اللفظی یک اصطلاح بخش بدن از زبان Moreترجمه اصطلاحات مربوط به اعضای بدن از یک زبان به زبان دیگر چالش مهمی را به همراه دارد، زیرا این عبارات معمولاً با مفاهیم فرهنگی مرتبط هستند، مانند احساسات و فعالیتهای ذهنی، که در بسیاری از موارد در زبانها متفاوت است. بنابراین، ترجمه تحت اللفظی یک اصطلاح بخش بدن از زبان مبدا به زبان مقصد، ممکن است مبنای مفهومی این اصطلاح را تغییر دهد، که ممکن است پیامدهای معنایی یا عملی قابل توجهی داشته باشد. این مقاله بر روی مورد چشم «چشم» در فارسی تمرکز میکند، یک اصطلاح مربوط به اعضای بدن است که عمدتاً با احساسات، از جمله عشق، حسادت، و حرص و همچنین ویژگیهای شخصیتی مانند ساده لوحی یا بدخواهی همراه است. تجزیه و تحلیل برخی از عبارات فارسی که با اصطلاح "چشم" مرتبط هستند، تفاوت های قابل توجهی را با مفهوم "چشم" در انگلیسی نشان می دهد. به عنوان مثال، مفهومسازی درک، دیدن، مفهومسازی غالب در استفاده روزمره از زبان توسط فارسی زبانان نیست. با این حال، کلماتی وجود دارند که به فرآیند ادراک بصری اشاره دارند و عمدتاً در ارتباط با تفکر استفاده می شوند. به نظر می رسد این عبارات یادآور مفهوم سازی فرهنگی تاریخی است که می توان آن را به زبان پهلوی، شکل اصلی فارسی میانه، ردیابی کرد. مشاهدات انجام شده در این مقاله مستلزم یک سطح فرهنگی-مفهومی از تحلیل، به عنوان گامی در فرآیند کلی ترجمه از زبانی به زبان دیگر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Comparative study on the electrocatalytic activity of dissimilar electrode combinations for the treatment of textile effluent by electrocoagulation process and their subsequent reuse
Jovitha David Asath Stephen Maria Riju Robin Sahaya Sebastian Jegathambal Palanichamy Parameswari Kalivel -
Open Access Article
222 - Investigating the attitudes of Meybodi citizens towards air pollution and social factors affecting it
manouchehr alinejad masoud hajizadeh meymandi kamal rashidinejadIn the present age, neglect of the environment and neglect of it is spreading rapidly. Efforts to develop and urbanize and ensure human well-being have disadvantages and benefits for humans and nature, and one of the disadvantages caused by society and citizens is air p MoreIn the present age, neglect of the environment and neglect of it is spreading rapidly. Efforts to develop and urbanize and ensure human well-being have disadvantages and benefits for humans and nature, and one of the disadvantages caused by society and citizens is air pollution. Because citizens can be effective in reducing and increasing air pollution through their behaviors, and behavior is also influenced by attitudes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Meybodi citizens towards air pollution and social factors affecting it. This research is of descriptive, analytical and survey type and the statistical population of this research has been the citizens of Meybod city 16 years and older. The sample size is 420 people and the respondents were randomly selected in several stages. The results of explanatory findings show that there is a significant relationship between age, marital status, education level, residence status, income and citizens 'attitudes toward air pollution, but there is no relationship between gender and citizens' attitudes toward air pollution. . There is also a positive and direct relationship between lifestyle, cultural capital, social network and a significant negative relationship between profit-oriented and the dependent variable. The results of regression analysis show that the remaining variables in the regression model determine 19% of the variance of the dependent variable and lifestyle variables, profit orientation and age, respectively, play the most important role in the research regression model. Play. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Investigating the attitudes of Meybodi citizens towards air pollution and social factors affecting it
Masood Hadjizadeh Meymandi manouchehr alinejad Kamal RashidinejadNowadays, neglecting the environment and overlooking its problems is spreading rapidly. Efforts to develop and urbanize and ensure human well-being have disadvantages and benefits for humans and nature, and one of the disadvantages caused by society and its members is a MoreNowadays, neglecting the environment and overlooking its problems is spreading rapidly. Efforts to develop and urbanize and ensure human well-being have disadvantages and benefits for humans and nature, and one of the disadvantages caused by society and its members is air pollution. In this research, the theoretical approaches of Bourdieu's lifestyle and cultural capital, Castells social networks theory and the biosphere of Habermas and others have been used. Since citizens can be effective in reducing air pollution with their attitudes and behaviors, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Meybod citizens towards air pollution and social factors affecting it. This research is a descriptive, analytical and survey type and the research population consisted of citizens 16 years and older, of which, using Cochran formula, 420 people were chosen via a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables of age, marital status, education level, residence status, income and citizens 'attitudes toward air pollution, but there was no relationship between gender and citizens' attitudes toward air pollution. There was also a positive and direct relationship between lifestyle, cultural capital, social networks and a significant negative relationship between profit-orientedness and the dependent variable. The results of regression analysis showed that the remaining variables in the regression model determined 19% of the variance of the dependent variable and the variables of lifestyle, profit orientation and age, respectively, played the most important role in the regression model. The results showed that the citizens of Meybodi put an emphasis on the priority of preserving the environment in spite of income and profit from working in factories, and also the category of lifestyle has a greater share and weight in explaining the dependent variable, which if strengthened together with cultural capital can change the attitude of citizens towards air pollution and environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - .Body management and the acquisition of modern identity in female citizens, using Grounded Theory approach (Case of study: Gorgani women)
Mahbobeh Ilvari. Afsaneh Edrisi.The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigma More.The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigmatic model. Data analysis was performed using the continuous comparative method of Strauss and Corbin. Unstructured, in-depth interviews were conducted individually, and the duration of each interview session was between 1-2 hours. 15 interviews were conducted. 67 concepts were formed and 21 categories were created. Interviewees were selected via a snowball sampling method. In this study, triangulation validity was used. The results showed that the modern identity was acquired through exclusion of the adult woman, psychological and mental preoccupations, and compliance with social demands. Factors affecting the acquisition of modern identity were identified as body-dysmorphic-disorder, the desire to reach the era of beauty and dreaming of the ideal body. Advancement of technology, people's encouragement and public acceptance were the intervening conditions and the acquisition of modern identity lead to imitating of media and reference groups and a search for beauty surgeons and hair stylits. The consequences of such actions and responses are addiction and dependency to makeup, showing the vertical mobility of social classes, showing good taste and creativity to others, and the spreading of a culture of consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Impact of Cultural Capital on Social Trust (case of Study: Residents of Zanjan City)
abolfazl karami Mohammd sadegh Mahdavi Mostafa AzkiaThis paper examines the impact of cultural capital on social trust. Social trust is one of the most important components of social development and the spread of modernity and it is a significant aspect of social relations, which provides the basis for social assistance MoreThis paper examines the impact of cultural capital on social trust. Social trust is one of the most important components of social development and the spread of modernity and it is a significant aspect of social relations, which provides the basis for social assistance and participation among members of society. Social trust increases participation in various economic, social, political and cultural fields and increases the willingness of individuals to work with other groups. On the one hand, cultural capital, -as an indicator of cultural development, witch is a combination of indicators like individual inclinations and attitudes toward the use of cultural goods, the extent to which cultural goods are used objectively, and the scientific and cultural qualities of a person- can affect social trust. The research approach here is descriptive-causal and has been conducted in a cross-sectional and temporal manner. The research population included women and men over 18 years of age in the city of Zanjan, of witch a sample of 380 people were selected. The research findings showed that the estimation of social trust was about 23% of respondents, 70% were moderate and about 7% were high. A relatively high correlation was found between cultural capital and social trust and this correlation is statistically significant. Also, the relationship between the dimensions of cultural capital, including the embodied and objectified cultural capital, is significant with a solid correlation. Household income showed a negative relationship with social trust, so that by increasing the income level of families, their level of social trust was reduced. But there was a positive and direct correlation between the education of citizens and their parents' education and social trust, so as increasing the level of education and literacy of individuals, social trust has been increasing. Similarly, the results of regression analysis showed that the variables of cultural capital, income and education of the individual and responsible parents were 64% of the total dependent variable variation, but the share of the main variable of the research, namely, cultural capital, in this explanation was 33%. Therefore, in explaining social trust, cultural capital is an influential variable, and if this kind of capital is strengthened in society and among people, the level of social trust and general trust in society can also increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - عوامل حیوانی، شرایط بدنی، عملکرد تولید شیر و کیفیت چرای گاوهای شیری: یک مطالعه مروری
آ.آی. روکا-فرناندزمبنا و اساس این مطالعه مروری در نظر گرفتن نقشی است که عوامل حیوانی (تولید شیر بالقوه، وزن بدن، امتیاز شرایط بدنی، وضعیت شیردهی، شکم زایش و باروری) در عملکرد تولید شیر (با در نظر گرفتن توازن انرژی و عملکرد شکمبه در طی منحنی کامل شیردهی حیوانات) و کیفیت شیر (محتوای پروتئی Moreمبنا و اساس این مطالعه مروری در نظر گرفتن نقشی است که عوامل حیوانی (تولید شیر بالقوه، وزن بدن، امتیاز شرایط بدنی، وضعیت شیردهی، شکم زایش و باروری) در عملکرد تولید شیر (با در نظر گرفتن توازن انرژی و عملکرد شکمبه در طی منحنی کامل شیردهی حیوانات) و کیفیت شیر (محتوای پروتئین شیر، محتوای چربی شیر، محتوای لاکتوز شیر، ویتامین­ها، مواد معدنی، ایمنوگلوبولین­ها، سلول­های شیر، باکتری­های بیماریزا و بازدارنده­ها) گاوهای شیری در حال چرا ایفا می­کنند. البته نرخ جایگزینی و پاسخ تولید شیر در مرتع حیوانات در شرایط مصرف برنامه­های مکمل­سازی مختلف باید در نظر گرفته شود. تمامی این عوامل، در جهت دستیابی به تولید شیر بالا در حیوانات، به مدیریت مرتع به عنوان عامل کلیدی بقای سیستم­های شیری چرا توجه دارند. همچنین مدیریت مرتع به منظور حفظ مصرف ماده خشک مرتعی بالا در چمنزارهای با کیفیت علوفه گرامینه بالا (دارای سطوح بالای پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی در مرتع ولی دارای سطوح پایین الیاف نامحلول در محلول پاک کننده اسیدی و خنثی) حائز اهمیت است. این نوع چمنزارها در تمامی طول فصل چرا نیازهای گاو را در تمامی زمان­ها و در طی طول دوره شیردهی برآورده می­نمایند. همچنین ضروری است تا استفاده از مکمل­سازی مرتع بتواند سطح تولید شیر را در حد مطلوب حفظ نماید. به طور طبیعی در نقطه اوج دوره شیردهی یعنی زمانی که گاوها به طور کلی در وضعیت توازن منفی انرژی هستند فراهم نمودن مواد سیلو شده یا کنسانتره می­تواند به بهبود این شرایط کمک کند. به موجب این امر، باید به دنبال دستیابی به نرخ تبدیل بهینه علوفه گرامینه به شیر به صورت رقابتی و سودآور بود. برای نیل به این هدف سیستم­های تولید شیر مبتنی بر مرتع در بیشتر مناطق معتدله در سرتاسر جهان ایجاد شده است که تأکید آنها بر افزایش قیمت شیر و افزایش درآمد دامداران در نواحی مرطوبی نظیر گالیسیا (در شمال غربی اسپانیا) است. در این صورت بهبود کمیت و کیفیت شیر تولیدی به صنایع شیری انتقال می­یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The Relationship between Body Condition Score and Milk Production, Udder Health and Reduced Negative Energy Balance during Initial Lactation Period: A Review
A.K. Singh C. Bhakat -
Open Access Article
228 - تولید آنتی بادی مونوکلونال علیه پروتئین G1 بیان شده پروکاریوتی از ویروس تب بیدوام گاوی
ر. پسندیده م.ر. صیفی آباد شاپوری م.ت. بیگی نصیریاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد منا Moreاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد مناسب برای توسعه آزمون ایمونوسوربنت متصل به آنزیم (ELISA) برای شناسایی سرولوژیکی حیوانات آلوده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تولید آنتی ‏بادی مونوکلونال علیه آنتی‏ژن G1 نوترکیب بیان شده در اشرشیاکلی بود. به این منظور، هیبرید‏های سلولی سوماتیک بین سلول‏ های میلومای SP2/0 و سلول‏ های طحال حاصل از موش ‏های Balb/c ایمن شده با پروتئین هم جوش MBP-G1 ایجاد شد. پس از سه مرتبه کلونینگ، پایداری ترشح آنتی‏ بادی درکلون ‏های مثبت با روش الایزا و واکنش آنتی‏ بادی‏‏ های مونوکلونال علیه G1 نوترکیب توسط آزمایش وسترن بلات تأیید شد. آنتی‏ بادی‏ های اختصاصی تولید شده علیه آنتی ­ژن نوترکیب G1 ممکن است به ­منظور طراحی آزمایش‏ های تشخیصی برای ویروس BEF در آینده مناسب باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Serum Protein Profile of Lori-Bakhtiari Ewes in Relation to Age, Body Weight, Birth Type and Birth Season
H. Mohammadi P. Zamani S.Z. Mirhoseini -
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230 - Effect of Wattle Trait on Body Sizes and Scrotal Dimensions of Traditionally Reared West African Dwarf (WAD) Bucks in the Derived Savannah Environment
T.A. Adedeji M.O. Ozoje T.A. Otunta L.O. Ojedapo T.K. Ojediran A.O. Ige -
Open Access Article
231 - عوامل اثرگذار بر امتیاز شرایط بدنی و ارتباط آن با عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی گاوهای هلشتاین ایران
N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh M. Akbarianهدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین عوامل اثرگذار بر امتیاز شرایط بدنی (BCS) و ارتباط آن با عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی گاوهای هلشتاین است. از یک مدل مختلط برای تجزیه رکوردهای ماهیانه امتیاز شرایط بدنی از آوریل 2006 تا جولای 2012 که مشتمل بر 34666 رکوردهای 3134 گاو شیری در یک گلۀ بز Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین عوامل اثرگذار بر امتیاز شرایط بدنی (BCS) و ارتباط آن با عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی گاوهای هلشتاین است. از یک مدل مختلط برای تجزیه رکوردهای ماهیانه امتیاز شرایط بدنی از آوریل 2006 تا جولای 2012 که مشتمل بر 34666 رکوردهای 3134 گاو شیری در یک گلۀ بزرگ تجاری گاو شیری در شرایط آب و هوایی خشک اصفهان بود استفاده شد. امتیاز شرایط بدنی بر مقیاس 1 تا 5 اندازه­گیری شد. عوامل ثابت برازش یافته در مدل مختلط نهایی تجزیه شامل سال ارزیابی، شکم زایش و فصل ارزیابی و همچنین اثرات متقابل سال و شکم زایش، فصل و شکم زایش و سال و شکم زایش بودند. میانگین کلی امتیاز شرایط بدنی در گله 77/0 ± 06/3 بود. نتایج نشان داد که روند افزایشی برای امتیاز شرایط بدنی در طی سال­ها از 2006 تا 2012 وجود دارد (001/0>P). همچنین، فصل ارزیابی زمستان نسبت به سایر فصول منجر به ایجاد امتیاز شرایط بدنی بیشتری شد (001/0>P). میانگین امتیاز شرایط بدنی از شکم زایش اول تا سوم افزایش یافته و پس از آن کاهش یافت (05/0>P). همبستگی بین امتیاز شرایط بدنی و تولید شیر منفی بوده و از 23/0- تا 13/0- در طی شکم­های مختلف زایش متغیر بود. همبستگی بین امتیاز شرایط بدنی و درصد چربی شیر کم بوده و از 0 (برای شکم زایش 4 و بالاتر) تا 08/0 (شکمهای زایش اول و دوم) متغیر بود. همبستگی پایین تا متوسطی (از 14/0 تا 29/0) بین امتیاز شرایط بدنی و درصد پروتئین شیر در طی شکم­های مختلف زایش وجود داشت. برآوردهای همبستگی بین امتیاز شرایط بدنی و روزهای باز، فاصله گوساله­زایی و تعداد دفعات تلقیح منجر به آبستنی پایین و مثبت بوده ولی همبستگی بین امتیاز شرایط بدنی و نرخ آبستنی در طی شکم­های مختلف زایش منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
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232 - Effects of Replacing Barley with Processed Corn on the Growth Performance, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Profitability of Fattening Lambs
F. Kazemi T. Ghoorchi B. Dastar F. Eshraghi -
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233 - Environmental Temperature Influences Diet Selection and Growth in Early-Weaned Lambs
M.S. Simeonov I. Stoycheva D.L. Harmon -
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234 - Effects of Nutritional Systems on Early Weaned Lambs
M.S. Simeonov D.L. Harmon -
Open Access Article
235 - مقایسه رشد بزغالههای نر و ماده ناندسکریپت در یک منطقه نیمه خشک نیجریه
A.O. Raji L.G. Asheikh I.D. Mohammedاین مطالعه کاربرد پنج مدل مختلف برای توصیف رشد بزغالههای دو جنس نر و ماده ناندسکریپت از تولد تا 20 هفتگی را مقایسه میکند. تعداد پنجاه و نه (59) بزغاله ناندسکریپت در مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی دانشگاه مایدوگوری نیجریه به طور هفتگی توزین شدند و مدل سازی بر اساس وزن زنده صو Moreاین مطالعه کاربرد پنج مدل مختلف برای توصیف رشد بزغالههای دو جنس نر و ماده ناندسکریپت از تولد تا 20 هفتگی را مقایسه میکند. تعداد پنجاه و نه (59) بزغاله ناندسکریپت در مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی دانشگاه مایدوگوری نیجریه به طور هفتگی توزین شدند و مدل سازی بر اساس وزن زنده صورت گرفت. متغیرهای بیولوژیکی مربوطه برای هر بزغاله از طریق مدلهای لجستیک، گمپرتز، ریچاردز، مونو مولکولی و مدل وایبل برآورد شد. مدلها با استفاده میزان انطباق معیارهای ضریب تعیین (R2)، میانگین مربع خطا (MSE)، انحراف معیار (SD) و معیارهای اطلاعات آکائیک (AIC) مقایسه شدند. در هر دو جنس، همه مدلهای غیر خطی به خوبی برازانده شدند، با R2 در دامنه 911/0-943/0 و 923/0-95/0 به ترتیب برای نر و ماده بود. علاوه بر این، نرها وزن تقریبی بالاتری در مقایسه با مادهها داشتند در حالیکه عکس آن در مورد نرخ رشد مشاهده شد. بزغالههای نر وزن عطف سنگین تر و سن بالاتر از مادهها برای تمام مدل داشتند. با این حال، این مقادیر برای مدل لجستیک بیشتر از گومپرتز بود. مدل تک ملکولی R2 بالاتر و MSE، SD و AIC پایینتر در هر دو جنس نر و ماده داشت. میتوان نتیجه گرفت که مدلهای رشد غیر خطی برای برآورد وزن زنده به عنوان تابعی از سن برای هر دو جنس نر و ماده بزغالههای ناندسکریپت در نیجریه مناسب بود. با این حال، بهترین مدل تک مولکولی بر اساس فراسنجههای مدل و میزان انطباق معیارهای مناسب بود. Manuscript profile -
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236 - اثرات پودر کاسنی همراه با اسید بوتیریک بر صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی
م. فرامرززاده م. بهروزلک ف. صمدیان و. واحدیهدف این مطالعه تعین اثر سطوح مختلفی از پودر کاسنی به همراه اسید بوتیریک بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی و برخی از فراسنجه‏های خونی در جوجه‏های گوشتی بود. دویست و چهل جوجه یک روزه گوشتی (راس، 308) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و شش تکرا Moreهدف این مطالعه تعین اثر سطوح مختلفی از پودر کاسنی به همراه اسید بوتیریک بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی و برخی از فراسنجه‏های خونی در جوجه‏های گوشتی بود. دویست و چهل جوجه یک روزه گوشتی (راس، 308) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و شش تکرار در هر تیمار، شامل 10 جوجه در هر تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1- شاهد (فاقد هر گونه افزودن پودر کاسنی و اسید بوتیریک به جیره)، 2- کیلوگرم/گرم 15 پودر کاسنی به علاوه 3/0 درصد اسید بوتیریک، 3- کیلوگرم/گرم 30 پودر کاسنی به علاوه 3/0 اسید بوتیریک و 4- کیلوگرم/گرم 45 اسید بوتیریک به علاوه 3/0 درصداسید بوتیریک. وزن بدن و مصرف خوراک پرنده‏ها در روزهای 21 و 46 به منظور تعیین عملکرد اندازه‎گیری و ثبت شد. در سن 46 روزگی دو پرنده از هر تکرار به طور تصادفی انتخاب شد و برای تعیین صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجه‏های خونی کشتار گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره‏های رشد و پایانی و همچنین کل دوره پرورشی، افزایش وزن بدن پرنده‏ها در تیمار 4 به طور معنی‎داری بالاتر از تیمار شاهد و گروه‏های دیگر تیماری بود (05/0>P). وزن نسبی سینه و ران به عنوان درصدی از وزن زنده بدن، به طور معنی‏داری در پرندگان تیمار 4 در مقایسه با پرندگان تغذیه نموده از تیمار شاهد بالاتر بود. در کل در مطالعه حاضر، تغذیه کیلوگرم/گرم 45 پودر کاسنی به همراه 3/0 درصد اسید بوتیریک به جوجه‏های گوشتی، وزن بدن و بازده لاشه را افزایش داد (05/0>P)، ولی به جز کبد، بر وزن نسبی سایر اندام‏های احشایی و همچنین فراسنجه‎های خونی اثر معنی‏داری نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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237 - بررسی پلی مورفیسم ژن گیرنده دوپامین و ارتباط آن با صفات رشد و تولید تخم مرغ در جمعیت مرغان بومی آذربایجان غربی
م. غلامی م. غفاری ع. هاشمیهدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه چند شکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی در ژن­ DRD1 و ارتباط آن با صفات رشد و تولید تخم مرغ در جمعیت مرغان بومی آذربایجان غربی با روش PCR-SSCP بود. برای این منظور نمونه­های خون از 180 قطعه مرغ بومی واقع در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد مرغ بومی آذربایجان غربی گرفته Moreهدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه چند شکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی در ژن­ DRD1 و ارتباط آن با صفات رشد و تولید تخم مرغ در جمعیت مرغان بومی آذربایجان غربی با روش PCR-SSCP بود. برای این منظور نمونه­های خون از 180 قطعه مرغ بومی واقع در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد مرغ بومی آذربایجان غربی گرفته شد. استخراج DNA به روش بهینه یافته نمکی صورت گرفت. قطعه 283 جفت بازی ژن DRD1با استفاده از واکنش زنجیره­ای پلیمراز تکثیر گردید. روش تفاوت فرم فضایی رشته­های منفرد (SSCP) جهت شناسایی چند شکلی در نمونه­ها بکار برده شد. برای شناسایی جهش تک نوکلئوتیدی از روش توالی­یابی استفاده گردید. برای این منظور 4 نمونه از هر الگوی باندی متفاوت برای توالی­یابی ارسال گردید که در نتیجه آن سه نوع ژنوتیپ AA، AG و GG به­ ترتیب با فراوانی 42/0، 49/0 و 09/0 مشاهده شدند. از رویه GLM نرم افزار SAS برای آنالیز داده­ها استفاده گردید. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که ناحیه مورد بررسی این ژن چند شکل می­باشد، بین ژنوتیپهای مشاهده شده و صفات تولید تخم ­مرغ ارتباط معنیداری وجود دارد. بنابراین این ژن می­تواند به عنوان جایگاه ژنی کاندیدا و یا پیوسته با ژن بزرگ اثر مرتبط با صفات تولید مثلی در مرغ بومی باشد. Manuscript profile -
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238 - آنتیبادی زرده تخم مرغ علیه اشریشیا کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ مرغان تخمگذار ایمن شده
ا. کرم زاده-دهاقانی آ. توحیدی م. ژندی ن. مژگانیای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با اسهال در گوسالههای نوزاد شناخته میشود. ایمنوگلوبینهای زرده تخم مرغ (IgY) به عنوان یک جایگزین ارزان برای آنتیبیوتیکها جهت پیشگیری و درمان از عفونتهای باکتریایی و ویروسی استفاده شده Moreای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با اسهال در گوسالههای نوزاد شناخته میشود. ایمنوگلوبینهای زرده تخم مرغ (IgY) به عنوان یک جایگزین ارزان برای آنتیبیوتیکها جهت پیشگیری و درمان از عفونتهای باکتریایی و ویروسی استفاده شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تهیه IgY اختصاصی علیه ای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 و بررسی اثربخشی آن در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود. به این منظور ای. کلی K99 در محیط TSB کشت داده شد و باکتری توسط فرمالدهید غیر فعال شد. 30 قطعه مرغ لگهورن سفید به دو گروه مساوی کنترل و تیمار تقسیم شدند. یک میلیلیتر از سوسپانسیون باکتری یا سرم فیزیولوژیک استریل تهیه شد و با ادجوانت کامل فروند مخلوط شد. سوسپانسیون بدست آمده به مدت دوهفته در عضله سینه به ترتیب در مرغان گروه تیمار و کنترل تزریق شد. نمونه خون هر دوهفته یکبار از ورید بال مرغان گرفته شد و تخم مرغها به صورت روزانه جمعآوری شد. کل IgY با استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در زرده تخم مرغ مرغان ایمن شده خالصسازی شد. مقدار پروتئین در IgY خالص بوسیله روش بردفورد اندازهگیری شد. SDS-PAGE جهت تجزیه و تحلیل زنجیرههای IgY خالص مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیتر IgY اختصاصی در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ به وسیله روش الایزای غیرمستقیم اندازهگیری شد. آزمون مهار رشد در شرایط آزمایشگاهی برای IgY اختصاصی و غیر اختصاصی در غلظتهای 100 و 200 میلیگرم در میلیلیتر ارزیابی شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از الیزای غیر مستقیم، غلظت کل IgY در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ در گروه کنترل نسبتا ثابت بود در حالیکه در گروه تیمار به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت (05/0>P). سطح فعالیت باند کنندگی IgY اختصاصی در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ در مرغان ایمن شده نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش یافت (0.05>P). IgY اختصاصی برای مهار رشد باکتری در غلظت 200 میلیگرم در ملیلیتر بیشترین مقدار بود. این نتایج میتواند نشان دهد که IgY تهیه شده علیه ای. کلی K99 میتواند از رشد این باکتری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی جلوگیری کند. Manuscript profile -
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239 - اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف مدفوع خشک شده طیور بر اندازهگیریهای خطی بدنی قوچهای در حال رشد تغذیه شده با ذرت خوشهای بخار داده شده
آ.آ. بلواثر سطوح مختلف جیره­ بر اندازه­گیری­های خطی بدنی قوچ­های یانکاسا (Ovis aries) که با ذرت خوشه­ای بخار (Sorghum bicolor) داده شده همراه با سطوح درجه­بندی شده مدفوع خشک شده طیور افزوده شده به جیره پایه بررسی شد. از 30 قوچ یانکاسا (Ovis aries) در قال Moreاثر سطوح مختلف جیره­ بر اندازه­گیری­های خطی بدنی قوچ­های یانکاسا (Ovis aries) که با ذرت خوشه­ای بخار (Sorghum bicolor) داده شده همراه با سطوح درجه­بندی شده مدفوع خشک شده طیور افزوده شده به جیره پایه بررسی شد. از 30 قوچ یانکاسا (Ovis aries) در قالب 5 تیمار (T1 تا T5) استفاده شد. هر تیمار شامل سه تکرار با دو حیوان به ازای هر تکرار بود. T1: قوچ­های تغذیه شده با صفر درصد مدفوع خشک شده طیور در جیره پایه (DPDBD)، T2: با 20 درصد DPDBD، T3: با 40 درصد DPDBD، T4: با 60 درصد DPDBD و T5: با 80 درصد DPDBD. تفاوت­های معنی­داری بین تیمارها از نظر طول بدن، ارتفاع جدوگاه، دور سینه، ارتفاع پاهای جلویی، طول گوش، طول گردن و طول صورت دیده شد (05/0>P). طول پاهای عقبی، طول شاخ، فاصله شاخ­ها، دور گردن، طول دُم و دور پایه شاخ تفاوت معنی­داری در بین تیمارها نداشتند. بیشترین ضریب همبستگی بین دور پایه شاخ و فاصله شاخ­ها مشاهده شد (9990/0=r) و پس از آن همبستگی دور گردن و ارتفاع جدوگاه در رتبه دوم قرار داشت (980/0=r). بنابراین چنین نتیجه­گیری می­شود که در تحقیق حاضر، صفات دور پایه شاخ، فاصله شاخ­ها، دور گردن و ارتفاع جدوگاه بیشترین تأثیر را از سطوح تیمارهای جیره­ای پذیرفته­اند. Manuscript profile -
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240 - تأثیر جیره های حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد
م. عامی ازغدی ح. کرمانشاهی ع. گلیاناین آزمایش به جهت بررسی تاثیر خوراکهای حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در برابر SRBC در بلدرچینهای مولد تخمگذار ژاپنی و نتاج حاصل از آنها صورت گرفت. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین (13 هفتگی) به 9 تیمار با 4 تکرار تقسیم شدند که در هر تکرار 9 پرنده ماده Moreاین آزمایش به جهت بررسی تاثیر خوراکهای حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در برابر SRBC در بلدرچینهای مولد تخمگذار ژاپنی و نتاج حاصل از آنها صورت گرفت. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین (13 هفتگی) به 9 تیمار با 4 تکرار تقسیم شدند که در هر تکرار 9 پرنده ماده و 3 پرنده نر قرار گرفت. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل 3 × 3 شامل سه سطح انرژی (2750، 2900 و 3050 کیلوکالری/کیلوگرم) و سه سطح پروتئین (18، 20 و 22 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. وزن نتاج در پرندههای تغذیه شده با جیرهی حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری و 18 درصد پروتئین در هفتههای 1، 2 و 3 و همچنین کل دوره آزمایش کمتر از دیگر گروهها بود. تغذیه پرندگان با سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین تأثیری بر میزان مصرف خوراک آنها نداشت. سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین خوراک در پرندگان مولد تأثیری بر مصرف خوراک نتاج نداشت. ضریب تبدیل پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری انرژی و 18 درصد پروتئین در کل دوره آزمایش نسبت به دیگر تیمارها به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. تولید آنتیبادی در برابر SRBC در نتاج بلدرچینهای تغذیه شده با 2750 کیلوکالری و 18 یا 20 درصد پروتئین نسبت به دیگر تیمارها کاهش یافت. به طورکلی، استفاده از جیرههای حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری انرژی و 18 یا 20 درصد پروتئین در تغذیه بلدرچین مولد، تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی نتاج تولیدی دارد. Manuscript profile -
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241 - The Relationship between Different Body Types of Kalmyk Steers and Their Raw Meat Production and Quality
I.F. Gorlov M.I. Slozhenkina A.V. Randelin A.A. Mosolov B.K. Bolaev A.I. Belyaev E.Y. Zlobina D.A. Mosolova -
Open Access Article
242 - Genetic Parameters for Body Weight and Laying Traits in Mazandaran Native Breeder Hens
A.A. Shadparvar B. Enayati -
Open Access Article
243 - رابطه رشد گوسفندان پشمی آمیخته با برخی از سنجههای حیاتی
سی.آ. اُردونز-گومزبا هدف مطالعه رابطه بین رشد گوسفندان پشمی آمیخته با برخی از سنجه­های حیاتی، رکوردهای توزین 18 ماده آمیخته با میانگین وزن 14/3 ± 7/14 کیلوگرم آنالیز گردیدند. علاوه بر وزن، محیط سینه، محیط ساق، طول بدن، طول گردن، بزرگی استخوان هیپ، بزرگی استخوان ایسشیال، ارتفاع Moreبا هدف مطالعه رابطه بین رشد گوسفندان پشمی آمیخته با برخی از سنجه­های حیاتی، رکوردهای توزین 18 ماده آمیخته با میانگین وزن 14/3 ± 7/14 کیلوگرم آنالیز گردیدند. علاوه بر وزن، محیط سینه، محیط ساق، طول بدن، طول گردن، بزرگی استخوان هیپ، بزرگی استخوان ایسشیال، ارتفاع جدوگاه و ارتفاع جناق اندازه­گیری شد. همه اندازه­گیری­ها در مقیاس سانتی­متر انجام شد. 60 روز پس از وزن­کشی و اندازه­گیری سنجه­های حیاتی، حیوانات مجدداً توزین شده و میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه آنها برآورد گردید. ضرایب همبستگی وزن بدن اولیه با سنجه­های حیاتی بالا بود (7/0<r) و بالاترین میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه در صفت محیط سینه (34/0=r) و طول بدن (34/0=r) مشاهده شده و در سایر متغیرها ضرایب همبستگی زیر 3/0 بودند. بر مبنای معیار اطلاعات آکایک، بهترین مدل برازش یافته برای توصیف رشد عبارت بود از: ارتفاع جناق (ALG) × 3/3 - بزرگی هیپ (AC) × 6/5 + طول بدن (LCO) × 4/5 + محیط ساق (PC) × 4/44 - محیط سینه (PT) × 3/3 = میانگین افزای وزن روزانه بر حسب گرم در روز (ADG) (92/0=R2، 8/96=معیار اطلاعات آکایک (AIC)، 05/0>P). سنجه­های حیاتی با رشد در ارتباط بوده و این موضوع نشان می­­دهد که این سنجه­ها می­توانند ابزاری برای کسب اطلاع از پتانسیل رشد بره­های آمیخته باشند. Manuscript profile -
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244 - توصیف چندمتغیره گاوهای اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی با استفاده از صفات ظاهری
آی. بوجنان14 صفت مختلف ظاهری در 169 گاو اوولمس-زائر و 131 گاو تیدیلی رکورد برداری شده و با روش آنالیز چندمتغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. صفات اندازه­گیری شده شامل دور سینه، ارتفاع جدوگاه، ارتفاع کفل، طول کفل، عرض کفل، عمق قفسه سینه، طول بدن، طول گردن، دور استخوان کانن، More14 صفت مختلف ظاهری در 169 گاو اوولمس-زائر و 131 گاو تیدیلی رکورد برداری شده و با روش آنالیز چندمتغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. صفات اندازه­گیری شده شامل دور سینه، ارتفاع جدوگاه، ارتفاع کفل، طول کفل، عرض کفل، عمق قفسه سینه، طول بدن، طول گردن، دور استخوان کانن، طول گوش، عرض گوش، طول سر، طول شاخ و طول دُم بودند. نژاد تأثیر معنی ­داری بر روی همه صفات مطالعه شده داشت. ضرایب همبستگی بین اندازه­های بدنی در گاوهای اوولمس-زائر بین 12/0 تا 85/0 و در گاوهای تیدیلی بین 14/0- تا 81/0 متغیر بوده است. در تحلیل مختصات اصلی چرخش­یافته واریمکس، سه فاکتور استخراج گردیدند که حدود 1/65 درصد از تنوع در گاوهای اوولمس-زائر و 4/55 درصد از تنوع در گاوهای تیدیلی را توصیف می­کنند. اشتراک در گاوهای اوولمس-زائر از 28/0 (طول شاخ) تا 82/0 (دور سینه) و در گاوهای تیدیلی از 25/0 (طول شاخ) تا 79/0 (ارتفاع کفل) متغیر بوده است. آنالیز تشخیص پلکانی نشان داد که 9 صفت از 1 صفت مورد بررسی قدرت تشخیصی دارند. آنالیز تشخیصی استاندارد نشان داد که فاصله ماهالانوبیس بین میانگین­های نژادی معنی ­دار است. این موضوع حاکی از آن بود که تفاوت­های معنی­ داری بین نژادهای گاو اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی وجود دارد. ضرایب استاندارد خام برای نخستین متغیر استاندارد بیشترین تفاوت بین میانگین­های نژادی (498/1 در برابر 933/1-) را نشان داد. دومین متغیر استاندارد تفاوتی بین میانگین­ها نشان نمی­داد. آنالیز تشخیص نشان داد که نژادهای اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی به­ترتیب 2/98 درصد و 100 درصد به ­طور صحیح طبقه­بندی شده­اند. از داده­های حاصل چنین نتیجه­گیری شده است که تفاوت­های ظاهری واضحی بین نژادهای اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی وجود داشته و این موضوع حاکی از آن است که این دو نژاد، جمعیت­های جداگانه و متمایزی هستند. Manuscript profile -
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245 - مطالعه چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین و تأثیر آن روی صفات وزن اولیه بدن در گوسفند زندی
ن. پیرویسی ع. نوشری ب. همتیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین و تأثیر آن روی صفات وزن اولیه بدن در گوسفند زندی با استفاده از تکنیک PCR-RFLP بود. کالپاستاتین ممانعت کننده اصلی سیستم آنزیمی کالپاین-کالپاستاتین بوده و نقش مهمی در تنظیم مسیر پروتئین­ سازی بر عهده دارد. DNA ژنومی با است Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین و تأثیر آن روی صفات وزن اولیه بدن در گوسفند زندی با استفاده از تکنیک PCR-RFLP بود. کالپاستاتین ممانعت کننده اصلی سیستم آنزیمی کالپاین-کالپاستاتین بوده و نقش مهمی در تنظیم مسیر پروتئین­ سازی بر عهده دارد. DNA ژنومی با استفاده از نمونههای خون کامل 124 رأس گوسفند زندی انتخاب ­شده به ­صورت تصادفی و با استفاده از روش استخراج نمکی تهیه گردید. همچنین وزن تولد، وزن 150 روزگی و افزایش وزن روزانه تولد تا سن 150 روزگی ثبت گردید. تکثیر ناحیه 622 جفت بازی اگزون و اینترون 1 ژن کالپاستاتین انجام شد. محصول PCR با استفاده از آنزیم برشی MSP I هضم و روی ژل آگارز الکتروفورز گردید. نتایج دو آلل A و B به ترتیب با فراوانیهای 80.6 و 19.4 و سه ژنوتیپ AA، BB و AB به ترتیب با فراوانیهای 65.32، 4.04 و 30.64 را نشان داد. آزمون­های X2 و G2 برقراری تعادل هاردی-واینبرگ در جایگاه مورد مطالعه را نشان داد. اثر ژنوتیپ کالپاستاتین روی صفات رشد غیرمعنی­دار بود اما ژنوتیپ BB بهترین عملکرد را در هر سه صفت نشان داد که نشان دهنده عملکرد بهتر آلل نرمال (B) نسبت به آلل موتان (A) برای این صفات است. Manuscript profile -
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246 - تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر در گاوهای شیری آمیخته
م.ای. حسین تی. چندا جی.کا. دبناث م.م. حسن آ.اچ. شایکات م.آ. هکواین مطالعه بر روی 120 گاو شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین در طی یک دوره 150 روزه در میانه دوره شیردهی صورت گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن کمی­سازی تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی (BCS) بر تولید و ترکیب شیر بود. از 12 مزرعه پرورش گاو شیری با شرایط پرورشی یکسان استفاده شد. در هر یک از این د Moreاین مطالعه بر روی 120 گاو شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین در طی یک دوره 150 روزه در میانه دوره شیردهی صورت گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن کمی­سازی تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی (BCS) بر تولید و ترکیب شیر بود. از 12 مزرعه پرورش گاو شیری با شرایط پرورشی یکسان استفاده شد. در هر یک از این دو مزرعه حداقل 20 گاو شیری آمیخته که در میانه دوره شیردهی بودند، در این مطالعه استفاده شد. تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی انفرادی گاوها در مقیاس 1 تا 5 رکورد برداری گردید. از هر گاو به صورت انفرادی نمونه شیر گرفته شد. نمونه­های جمع­آوری شده از گاوهای با BCS مشابه با یکدیگر مخلوط شدند تا نمونه مرکب به دست آید. آنالیزهای شیمیایی نمونه­ها برای چربی، پروتئین، لاکتوز، خاکستر، ماده خشک کُل (TS) و ماده خشک غیر چربی (SNF) سه بار صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که BCS تأثیر معنی ­داری بر تولید شیر، چربی شیر و خاکستر شیر در گاوهای شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین دارد (05/0>P). بالاترین تولید شیر (80/1±45/13) در تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنیهای متوسط (0/3) رکورد برداری شده و پس از آن مقادیر کمتر (75/2 تا 25/2) و بیشتر (25/3 تا 00/4) قرار می­گرفتند. افزایش پروتئین، لاکتوز، TS، SNF و گرانروی مخصوص (SG) همگام با با افزایش BCS تا 4 معنی ­داری نبوده است (05/0<P). ماتریس ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که BCS با تولید شیر همبستگی منفی دارد. ولی همبستگی بین BCS و پروتئین، لاکتوز، TS، SNF و SG شیر مثبت بوده ولی شدت این رابطه متغیر بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - بررسی وجود QTL برای برخی از صفات رفتاری و عملکردی بر روی کروموزوم شماره4 در بلدرچین ژاپنی
ا. رضوان نژاد ا. نصیری فرمطالعه حاضر به منظور شناسایی وجود QTL برای صفات وزن بدن در سنین 1، 7، 14، 21 و 28 روزگی، نرخ رشد روزانه در سنین 1-0، 2-1، 3-2 و 4-3 هفتگی، وزن لاشه بعد از کشتار و عدم تحرک در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام شد. دو لاین متمایز بلدرچین ژاپنی شامل لاین وحشی و سفید که در مزرعه تحقیقاتی Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور شناسایی وجود QTL برای صفات وزن بدن در سنین 1، 7، 14، 21 و 28 روزگی، نرخ رشد روزانه در سنین 1-0، 2-1، 3-2 و 4-3 هفتگی، وزن لاشه بعد از کشتار و عدم تحرک در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام شد. دو لاین متمایز بلدرچین ژاپنی شامل لاین وحشی و سفید که در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان نگهداری می­شدند، مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. پرندگان دو لاین به صورت تلاقی جابجایی برای تولید نسل F1 با یکدیگر تلاقی داده شدند. نسل F2 از تلاقی تصادفی پرندگان نسل F1 تولید شدند. مدل مورد استفاده برای نقشه یابیQTL برای صفات اندازه­گیری شده، مدل F2 و ناتنیها در نرم افزار QTL express بود. کل افراد نسل F2 (422 پرنده)، والدین آنها )34 پرنده (F1و لاینهای خالص (16 پرنده) توسط 2 نشانگر ریزماهواره بر روی کروموزوم 4 ژنوتایپ شدند. بر روی این کروموزوم، با استفاده از مدل ناتنی، QTL معنیداری در سطح 05/0 و 01/0 کروموزوم، شناسایی نشد. اما با مدل F2، یک QTL معنیدار در سطح 05/0کروموزوم برای وزن بدن در سن 21 و 28 روزگی، وزن لاشه ونرخ رشد روزانه در طی 2-1، 3-2 و 4-3 هفتگی در موقعیت 54cM شناسایی شد. از آنجاکه صفات رشد صفات پیچیده­ای هستند که تحت تأثیر بسیاری از جایگاههای مؤثر بر اشتها، جذب غذا، تخصیص مواد مغذی، میزان سوخت و ساز، فعالیت بدنی و غیره میباشند، همهQTL های شناسایی شده کمتر از 4 درصد از واریانس فنوتیپی برای صفات مورد نظر توضیح می­دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Effect of Litter Material and Elevated Platform Enrichment on Behaviour and Welfare of Broiler Chickens in Closed-House System
K.K.S. Kapuarachchi R.M.A.S. Bandara T.I.G. Prabashwari -
Open Access Article
249 - The Estimation of Body Weight from Body Measurements in Kilakarsal Sheep of Tamil Nadu, India
T. Ravimurugan A.K. Thiruvenkadan K. Sudhakar S. Panneerselvam A. Elango -
Open Access Article
250 - بررسی چند شکلیهای جایگاههای ژنی FSHβ و FSHR و ارتباط آنها با عملکرد صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی در گوسفندان نژاد ایران بلک، آرمان و بلوچی
ن. نظیفی ق. رحیمی میانجی ز. انصاری پیر سراییهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی چند شکلی در ژن گیرنده هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHR) و ژن زیر واحد بتای هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHβ) و ارتباط آن با صفات نرخ زایش و افزایش وزن بدن در گوسفندان نژاد بلوچی، ایران بلک و آرمان میباشد. در ابتدا ردیابی چند شکلی در ژن FSHβ به کمک Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی چند شکلی در ژن گیرنده هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHR) و ژن زیر واحد بتای هرمون محرک فولیکولی (FSHβ) و ارتباط آن با صفات نرخ زایش و افزایش وزن بدن در گوسفندان نژاد بلوچی، ایران بلک و آرمان میباشد. در ابتدا ردیابی چند شکلی در ژن FSHβ به کمک تکنیک PCR-RFLP و آنزیمهای محدود کننده ACCI و HinfI انجام شد و هیچ نوع الگوی باندی چند شکلی در این جایگاه ژنی نشان داده نشد. در مرحله بعد به منظور مطالعات بیشتر در این جایگاه ژنی از تکنیک SSCP استفاده شد که در نتیجه آن ژنوتیپهای AA و AC در گوسفندان نژاد بلوچی، ژنوتیپهای AA و AB در گوسفندان نژاد ایران بلک مشاهده شد ولی کلیه نمونههای مربوط به گوسفندان نژاد آرمان فقط ژنوتییپ AA را نشان دادند. رد­یابی چند شکلی در ژن FSHR به کمک تکنیک PCR-RFLP و تیمار آنزیمی MSCI انجام شد و سه نوع ژنوتیپ AA، AB و BB در بین نژادهای مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. آلل B در هر سه نژاد مورد مطالعه بیشترین فراوانی را داشت. آنالیز تجزیه واریانس این جایگاههای ژنی به کمک نرم افزار SAS انجام شد. آزمون مقایسه میانگین دانکن نشان داد که چند شکلیهای هر دو جایگاه ژنی FSHR و FSHβ تأثیر معنی داری را روی صفت نرخ زایش در نژاد بلوچی دارند. همچنین نشان داد که آلل جهش یافته می­تواند متوسط نرخ زایش را به صورت قابل توجهی نسبت به آلل وحشی افزایش دهد. آنالیز دادههای مربوط به صفت وزن بدن در سنین مختلف و چند شکلی در جایگاه ژنی FSHβ، در هیچ یک از سه نژاد مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی داری را نشان نداد. مطالعات چند شکلی در جایگاه ژنی FSHR و صفات افزایش وزن بدن نشان دهنده وجود اختلاف معنی داری در نژاد آرمان است، و نشان داد که آلل وحشی عملکرد بهتری دارد. این اطلاعات می­تواند در برنامههای اصلاح نژادی در پرورش گوسفند مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد و سبب بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - مقایسه شاخص انتخاب معمولی و محدود شده بر پیشرفت ژنتیکی وزن بدن در گوسفند مغانی
ح. قیاسی م. خالداری ر. طاهر خانیاثر شاخص انتخاب معمولی و محدود شده بر اساس وزن بدن در سنین محتلف بر تغییرات وزن تولد در گوسفند مغانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. صفات در تابع هدف شامل: وزن تولد (BW)، وزن بدن در سه ماهگی (BW3) و وزن بدن در 12 ماهگی (BW12) بود. دو شاخص انتخاب معمولی (I1 و I2) و دو شاخص انتخاب Moreاثر شاخص انتخاب معمولی و محدود شده بر اساس وزن بدن در سنین محتلف بر تغییرات وزن تولد در گوسفند مغانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. صفات در تابع هدف شامل: وزن تولد (BW)، وزن بدن در سه ماهگی (BW3) و وزن بدن در 12 ماهگی (BW12) بود. دو شاخص انتخاب معمولی (I1 و I2) و دو شاخص انتخاب محدود شده (R1 و R2) تشکیل شد. BW و BW3 در شاخص I1 و R1 وBW ، BW3 و BW6 (وزن بدن در 6 ماهگی) در شاخص I2 و R2 لحاظ شدند. پاسخ ژنتیکی مورد انتظار در هرنسل در شاخص I1 و I2 برای صفاتBW ، BW3 و BW12 به ترتیب برابر 08/0 تا 068/0، 210/0 تا 177/0 و 546/0 تا 662/0 کیلوگرم بود. افزایش BW ممکن است سبب افزایش مشکلاتی مانند سخت زایی گردد. شاخصهای انتخاب محدود شده به منظور افزایشBW3 و BW12 در حالی که تغییرات در BW در حد صفر باقی بماند، تشکیل شدند. در اثر انتخاب بر اساس R1 و R2 پاسخ ژنتیکی مورد انتظار برای BW3 (094/0 تا 062/0) و BW12 (39/0 تا 06/0 کیلوگرم) بود در حالیکه پاسخ ژنتیکی برای BW برابر صفر بود. شاخصهای انتخاب معمولی ومحدود شده سپس در جمعیت شبیهسازی شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پاسخهای ژنتیکی مشاهده شده و مورد انتظار برای هر دو شاخص محدود شده و معمولی مشابه بود. در شاخصهای R1 و R2 پاسخ ژنتیکی مشاهده شده برای BW تا حدی در طول نسل کاهش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - The Effect of in ovo Feeding Compared with Dietary Feeding of Betaine on Performance, Immunity and Liver Activity of Broiler Chickens Exposed to High Temperatures
A. Maddahian پ. دادور M. Morovat M. Shamsaddini Bafti -
Open Access Article
253 - تأثیر استفاده از برگ ترخون (Mentha piperita) و برگ نعناع فلفلی (Artemisia dracunculus) در جیره بر عملکرد رشد و پاسخ پادتن جوجههای گوشتی
ف. خلیق قرهتپه ا. حسنآبادی ح. سمنانی نژاد م.ر. نصیریآزمایشی با هدف ارزیابی اثر انفرادی و ترکیبی دو گیاه دارویی بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گردید. تعداد 384 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه آربور آکرس، مخلوط دو جنس، در 24 قفس زمینی نصب شده در یک سالن تجاری جوجه گوشتی در مج Moreآزمایشی با هدف ارزیابی اثر انفرادی و ترکیبی دو گیاه دارویی بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گردید. تعداد 384 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه آربور آکرس، مخلوط دو جنس، در 24 قفس زمینی نصب شده در یک سالن تجاری جوجه گوشتی در مجاورت مستقیم یک گله تجاری آربور آکرس (با همان سن و تهیه شده از همان جوجه­کشی)، توزیع شدند. پرندگان موجود در قفس­ها تا سن 42 روزگی با یکی از پنج جیره زیر تغذیه شدند: جیره پایه مبتنی بر ذرت-کنجاله سویا به عنوان شاهد (5 قفس)، جیره پایه همراه با 200 قسمت در میلیون ویرجینیامایسین (V؛ 4 قفس)، جیره پایه همراه با 4/0 درصد برگ نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita) (P؛ 5 قفس)، 4/0 درصد برگ ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus) (T؛ 5 قفس) و 2/0 درصد برگ ترخون + 2/0 درصد برگ نعناع (P+T؛ 5 قفس). نتایج نشان دادند که صفات عملکرد مشتمل بر متوسط وزن بدن، افزایش وزن روزانه، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند (05/0<P). هیچ­گونه تفاوت معنی ­داری بین تیمار شاهد و تیمارهای آزمایشی از لحاظ قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی و عیار پادتن بر علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل (NDV) مشاهده نشد. فراسنجه­های کشتاری گروه­های دریافت کننده مکمل­های گیاهی یا آنتی­بیوتیک تفاوت معنی ­داری با نتایج به دست آمده برای گروه دریافت کننده جیره شاهد فاقد مکمل نداشتند. نتیجه اینکه، افزودنی­های مورد آزمایش فاقد تأثیر بر رشد و وضعیت سلامت جوجه­های گوشتی بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، تیتر آنتیبادی سرم و استخوان سازی جوجههای گوشتی
ف. فرودی پ. رضامنداین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار با 20 پرنده در هر تکرار دسته بندی شدند. جوجه با سه نوع جیره غذایی با غلظتهای مختلف از نظر والین تغذیه شدند که جیره غذایی اول با میزان کافی والین از نظر نیاز جوجههای گوشتی (0 درصد ال-والین) و جیرههای دوم و سوم با سطوح بیش از حد نیاز والین (08/0 درصد و 16/0 درصد ال-والین) بود. نتایج نشان داد که والین افزوده شده به جیرههای غذایی تغییری در مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نداشت. در صورتیکه افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تیتر HI گردید (05/0>P). افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی تأثیر معنیداری بر غلظت کلسیم استخوان داشت (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر غلظت فسفر استخوان دیده نشد. Manuscript profile -
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255 - اثرات کود سدیمی و آفلاتوکسین B1 بر وزن بدن جوجههای گوشتی
م. اسکالیکا ب. کورنکوواهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر محافظتی کود طبیعی جاذب سدیم (HuNa) در جیره بر پیشگیری از اثر سمیت آفلاتوکسین B1 (AFB1) در جوجه­های گوشتی بود. 72 جوجه گوشتی آمیخته هایبرو به صورت تصادفی در 4 گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه کنترل (G1) و سه گروه آزمایشی (G2 تا G4) با افزودن HuNa (G2 Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر محافظتی کود طبیعی جاذب سدیم (HuNa) در جیره بر پیشگیری از اثر سمیت آفلاتوکسین B1 (AFB1) در جوجه­های گوشتی بود. 72 جوجه گوشتی آمیخته هایبرو به صورت تصادفی در 4 گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه کنترل (G1) و سه گروه آزمایشی (G2 تا G4) با افزودن HuNa (G2)، تنها AFB1 (G3) و HuNa و AFB1 (G4). HuNa به مخلوط خوراک کامل برای جوجه­ها افزوده شد (با نسبت 1 گرم HuNa در هر 100 گرم مخلوط خوراک). AFB1 نیز با غلظت 25 میکروگرم در هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن افزوده گردید. پارامترهای ارزیابی شده عبارت از وزن بدن و سطوح سرمی آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP) بود. AFB1 و HuNa برای جوجه­های گوشتی از 28 روزگی به کار گرفته شدند. کاهش معنی­دار آماری در فعالیت ALP (05/0>P) در گروه G3 در مقایسه با گروه G1 جوجه­های گوشتی از 42 تا 56 روزگی به بعد مشاهده شد. ولی افزایش معنی­دار آماری در فعالیت ALP (05/0>P) در گروه G4 در مقایسه با گروه G1 مشاهده گردید. وزن بدن جوجه­های گوشتی پس از قرار گرفتن در معرض AFB1 (G3) در مقایسه با شاهد (G1) حدود 180 گرم پایین­تر بود. همچنین افزودن HuNa سبب افزایش وزن بدن جوجه­های گوشتی تا حدود 67/26 گرم در انتهای آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه شاهد گردید. افزایش معنی­دار آماری (05/0>P) در وزن بدن برای گروه G3 و G4 در سن 56 روزگی در مقایسه با سن 28 روزگی ثبت گردید. نتایج این آزمایش نشان می­دهند که HuNa اثر مثبتی بر رشد جوجه­های گوشتی داشته و می­تواند یک افزودنی طبیعی مناسب برای رشد جوجه­های گوشتی در برابر اثرات زیان­آور آفلاتوکسین­ها باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - پاسخ انتخاب برای وزن بدن در بلدرچین ژاپنی (Coturnix coturnix japonica
اس. هوسن آ.م. عبد الرحمان ال-خدری آ.م. حسنمطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر انتخاب برای وزن بدن (BW) بر عملکرد تولیدی، BW پیش­بینی شده و بهبود ژنتیکی مرتبط با صفات در بلدرچین ژاپنی است. جمعیت پایه، والدین منتخب و فرزندان F1 مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. پرورش در قفس و لانه صورت گرفت. از تعداد کل 240 پرنده در دو نسل متوالی Moreمطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر انتخاب برای وزن بدن (BW) بر عملکرد تولیدی، BW پیش­بینی شده و بهبود ژنتیکی مرتبط با صفات در بلدرچین ژاپنی است. جمعیت پایه، والدین منتخب و فرزندان F1 مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. پرورش در قفس و لانه صورت گرفت. از تعداد کل 240 پرنده در دو نسل متوالی، 27 نر و 54 ماده (به عنوان والدین منتخب) به کار گرفته شدند. وزن بدن از معادله رگرسیون چندگانه، آنالیز کوواریانس و مدل­های مرکب برآورد گردیده و پاسخ انتخاب، وراثت­پذیری تحقق یافته و همبستگی ژنتیکی برای BW، افزایش وزن (WG)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و ضریب تبدیل خوراک (FCR) محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که پاسخ انتخاب برای BW، WG، FI و FCR به ترتیب برابر با 48/11 گرم، 04/27 گرم، 37 گرم و 2/0- بود. وراثت­پذیری­های برآورد شده برای صفات فوق نیز به ترتیب برابر با 78/0، 67/0، 52/0 و 77/0 بود. معادله پیش­بینی شده (معادله DUHOK) برای BW به عنوان متغیر وابسته به وزن بدن اولیه و نسبت جنس نیز به دست آورده شد. پاسخ نهایی برای وزن بدن به صورت 84/5 درصد BW زنده تعیین گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - مقایسه شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مدلهای رگرسیونی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن در بز کرکی راینی
م. خورشیدی-جلالی م.ر. محمدآبادی ع. اسمعیلیزاده ا. برازنده ُ.ا. بابنکوشبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی الگوریتم­های آموزشی و مدل­های ریاضی هستند که توانایی تقلید از مغز انسان در پردازش اطلاعات را دارند و می­توانند داده­های پیچیده و غیر خطی را مورد استفاده قرار دهند. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مدل­های رگرسیونی برای Moreشبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی الگوریتم­های آموزشی و مدل­های ریاضی هستند که توانایی تقلید از مغز انسان در پردازش اطلاعات را دارند و می­توانند داده­های پیچیده و غیر خطی را مورد استفاده قرار دهند. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مدل­های رگرسیونی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن در بز کرکی راینی بود. داده­های 1389 بز برای وزن بدن، ارتفاع جدوگاه، طول بدن و قفسه سینه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مدل­های رگرسیونی مختلف با تمام فاکتورهای ثابت برای بیشتر حالت­های ممکن و با درجه­های مختلف محاسبه شدند و دو شبکه عصبی مصنوعی با لایه­های مخفی متفاوت، توابع آموزش و توابع انتقال گوناگون استفاده شدند. در نهایت، مدل پرسپترون چند لایه با یک لایه مخفی به همراه نرون­ها انتخاب و استفاده شد. همبستگی بین وزن بدن و اندازهگیری­هایش نشان داد که می­توان از اندازه­های بدن برای پیشبینی وزن بدن استفاده کرد و هرچه اندازه­های بیشتری استفاده شوند پیشبینی دقیق­تری انجام خواهد شد. براساس پارامترهای R2و MSE، بهترین معادله رگرسیون فیت شده برای پیشبینی وزن بدن با استفاده از اندازهگیری­های ابعاد بدن انتخاب شد. در حالیکه هر سه اندازه در مدل اثر معنیداری داشتند (0001/0P<)، ارتفاع جدوگاه بالاترین ضریب را داشت (65/0)، بنابراین می­تواند بیشترین اثر را در پیشبینی داشته باشد. مقایسه دو مدل نشان داد که هر دو مدل می­توانند به خوبی وزن بدن را، نزدیک به وزن واقعی آن پیشبینی کنند، اما توانایی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی بالاتر است (R2 برای شبکه عصبی مصنوعی 86/0 و برای مدل­های رگرسیونی 76/0) و به ورن واقعی بدن نزدیک­تر می­باشد. با این وجود، اگر اندازه­های مرتبط بیشتری رکوردبرداری شوند می­توان نتایج مطلوب­تری را با شبکه عصبی مصنوعی به دست آورد. بنابراین، از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی می­توان به جای روش­های سنتی مرسوم برای پیشبینی وزن واقعی بدن با استفاده از اندازه­های بدن استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - وزن بدن به عنوان یک صفت مهم در مقایسه نژادهای بُز
پی.م. پارس کاسانوایازده نژاد بُز از مناطق مختلف (10 نژاد اسپانیایی و 1 نژاد آفریقایی) در این مطالعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این نژادها شامل کوتوله زامبیان، آزپی-گوری، بلانکا-آندالوزا، بلانکا-سلتیبریکا، بلانکا دِراسکوئرا، کاتالانا، مونکاینا، مورسیانو-گرانادینا، نگراسررانا و پیرنین بودند. Moreیازده نژاد بُز از مناطق مختلف (10 نژاد اسپانیایی و 1 نژاد آفریقایی) در این مطالعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این نژادها شامل کوتوله زامبیان، آزپی-گوری، بلانکا-آندالوزا، بلانکا-سلتیبریکا، بلانکا دِراسکوئرا، کاتالانا، مونکاینا، مورسیانو-گرانادینا، نگراسررانا و پیرنین بودند. نُه اندازه بدنی خطی برای ماده­ها و نسبت وزن بدن بین جنس­ها و وزن بدن از مقالات مختلف استخراج و مقایسه گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که دو مؤلفه اصلی (PC) نزدیک به 94 درصد از تنوع کُل را توصیف میکردند. PC1 شامل نسبت بین جنس­ها، وزن بدن و دور سینه بوده و PC2 شامل وزن بدن و نسبت وزن بدن بین جنس­ها بود. همه صفات با تمایز بالا (شامل وزن بدن، نسبت وزن بدن بین جنس­ها و دور سینه) به وزن بدن مرتبط بودند. خوشه­بندی نژادها بر اساس این سه صفت تصویر خوبی از نژادها بر مبنای منشأ جغرافیایی آنها ارائه داده و همبستگی کوفنتیک (معیاری از مناسب بودن یک دندروگرام برای نشان دادن فاصله­های جفتی بین نقاط داده­های اصلی مدل نشده) بالا بوده است. Manuscript profile -
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259 - تأثیر عصاره رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis) بر عملکرد، توانایی آنتیاکسیدانی و فراسنجههای گازهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تیمار نیترات سدیم در آب آشامیدنی
ع.ر. اخواست م. دانشیاردویست و بیست جوجه گوشتی در 5 گروه برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف 0، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری همراه با نیترات سدیم (4/27 میلیگرم در لیتر آب آشامیدنی) در مقایسه با آب شاهد (فاقد هیچ افزودنی) بر عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده شد. افزایش وزن بد Moreدویست و بیست جوجه گوشتی در 5 گروه برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف 0، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری همراه با نیترات سدیم (4/27 میلیگرم در لیتر آب آشامیدنی) در مقایسه با آب شاهد (فاقد هیچ افزودنی) بر عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده شد. افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در طول دوره پایانی به طور منفی تحت تأثیر نیترات قرار گرفت که با سطوح مختلف عصاره رزماری به حالت عادی برگشت. هر دوی اسید اوریک و ظرفیت کل آنتیاکسیدانی توسط نیترات کاهش یافت در حالیکه با مصرف 3 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری به سطح شاهد رسید. نیترات فشار جزئی اکسیژن را کاهش داد و سطوح 3 و 6 میلیلیتر در لیتر عصاره رزماری فشار جزئی اکسیژن را به سطح کنترل رساند. فشار جزئی دیاکسید کربن خون سیاهرگی بر خلاف فشار جزئی اکسیژن تحت تأثیر نیترات و عصاره رزماری قرار گرفت. به طور کلی، مصرف عصاره رزماری در آب آشامیدنی میتواند توانایی آنتیاکسیدانی و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تحت تیمار نیترات سدیم را بهبود دهد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Influence of Body Condition on Milk Production and Metabolic Profile in Assaf Sheep
M. Simeonov D.L. Harmon I. Stoicheva -
Open Access Article
261 - مقایسه وزن بدن، فراسنجههای بیومتریکی بدن، فراسنجههای خونی و غلظت پروژسترون بره میشها و شیشکهای قزل
م. ابراهیمی ب. فردوست غ. مقدم س.ع. رافت ع. حسین خانی ص. علیجانی ح. دقیق کیا ح. پایااگرچه بره میشهای بسیاری از نژادها عملکرد تولید مثلی قابل قبولی دارند، بره میشهای قزل نرخ باروری پایینی دارند، در حالیکه شیشکهای قزل نرخ باروری بالایی دارند. بنابراین، مقایسه بره میشها و شیشکها می­تواند به ما در فهم این تفاوت کمک کند. در نتیجه، این مطالعه به منظ Moreاگرچه بره میشهای بسیاری از نژادها عملکرد تولید مثلی قابل قبولی دارند، بره میشهای قزل نرخ باروری پایینی دارند، در حالیکه شیشکهای قزل نرخ باروری بالایی دارند. بنابراین، مقایسه بره میشها و شیشکها می­تواند به ما در فهم این تفاوت کمک کند. در نتیجه، این مطالعه به منظور بررسی وزن بدن، فراسنجههای بیومتریکی بدن، فراسنجههای سرم، غلظت پروژسترون و همبستگی صفات بره میشها و شیشکهای قزل طراحی شد. در طی فصل تولید مثلی، بره میشها (تعداد 36، متوسط سن هفت ماه) و شیشکهای (تعداد 39، متوسط سن 18 ماه) قزل وزن­کشی شدند، فراسنجههای بیومتریکی بدن اندازه­گیری شدند، نمونههای خون جمع­آوری شده و غلظت فراسنجههای سرم و پروژسترون اندازه­گیری شدند. سپس، همگی دادهها بر اساس رویه GLM نرم افزار SAS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش بالاتر بودن وزن نسبی بدن، همگی فراسنجههای بیومتریکی بدن (به غیر از طول سر) و غلظت پروژسترون در شیشکهای قزل در مقایسه با بره میشها را نشان دادند (P<0.01). با این حال غلظتهای سرمی اوره و گلوکز در شیشکهای قزل در مقایسه با بره میشها پایینتر بود (P<0.05). همچنین نتایج همبستگی مثبت بین وزن نسبی بدن و سن با غلظت پروژسترون در شیشکهای قزل نشان داد (P<0.01). از سوی دیگر، نتایج همبستگی منفی بین غلظتهای پروژسترون وزن نسبی بدن و سن با غلظت اوره شیشک­های قزل نشان دادند (P<0.05). نتایج کلی این پژوهش نشان دادکه بره میشهای قزل وزن نسبی بدن، فراسنجههای بدنی و غلظت پروژسترون کمتر، اما غلظتهای اوره و گلوکز خونی بیشتر در مقایسه با شیشکهای قزل داشتند. Manuscript profile -
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262 - اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری و سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی تفریخ شده
آ. بیریا ب. نویدشاد ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق س. نیک بینهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری، عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ­های ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. از 192 تخم بارور تهیه شده از گله مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 استفاده شد. تخم­ها به چهار گروه آزمایشی شامل یک گروه کنترل Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری، عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ­های ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. از 192 تخم بارور تهیه شده از گله مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 استفاده شد. تخم­ها به چهار گروه آزمایشی شامل یک گروه کنترل مثبت با تزریق سرم نمکی نرمال و تزریق 50، 75 و 100 ppm نانوذرات اکسید روی در روز اول دوره جوجه­کشی در سلول هوایی تقسیم شده و در دستگاه جوجه­کشی قرار گرفتند. جوجه­های هچ شده در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و چهار تکرار برای یک آزمایش 42 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ZnO باعث افزایش قابلیت جوجه درآوری تخم­ها نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (0.05>P). مصرف خوراک روزانه در مرحله آغازین به طور قابل توجهی در پرندگان در گروه­های 50 و 75 ppm nano-ZnO افزایش یافت (0.05>P). در مرحله رشد در دوره پرورش، نرخ رشد و خوراک مصرفی همه گروه­های تزریق­شده با نانو اکسید روی بالاتر از گروه شاهد بود (0.05>P). تفاوت معنی­داری در ضریب تبدیل خوراک بین گروه­های مختلف مشاهده نشد (0.05<P). نتایج تیتر آنتی­بادی علیه ویروس آنفلوانزا در سن 10 روزگی تفاوتی بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد (0.05<P). شمارش هتروفیل، لنفوسیت­ها، مونوسیت­ها و هماتوکریت در خون جوجه­های گوشتی در 10 روزگی اختلاف معنی­داری نشان نداد (0.05<P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می­دهد که تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات ZnO اثرات مثبتی بر میزان مرگ و میر اولیه جنین و کل سلول­های سفید خون داشت، اما عملکرد تولیدی جوجه­ های تفریخ ­شده به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات روی قرار نگرفت. Manuscript profile -
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263 - Comparison of the Growth Curve Models on Live Weights in Terms of Different Environmental Factors in Awassi Lambs
H. Hızlı E. Yazgan -
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264 - Body Weight Prediction of Dromedary Camels Using the Machine Learning Models
N. Asadzadeh M. Bitaraf Sani E. Shams Davodly J. Zare Harofte M. Khojestehkey S. Abbaasi A. Shafie Naderi -
Open Access Article
265 - تأثیر سطح تغذیه علوفه بر وزن بدن، نمره وضعیت بدنی، تولید شیر و نیتروژن اورهای شیر در گاوهای هلشتاین در جیره غذایی ارگانیک
م. شریفی ع.ا. خادم ب.ج. هینس ر. پهلوان ج. موسوی م. صفدریدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت افزایش یافته است. کیفیت شیر مورد توجه همه بخشها است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت محصولات آنها در جیره های غذایی رایج و ارگانیک است. در این راستا، 72 گاو شیری هلشتاین به یکی از Moreدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت افزایش یافته است. کیفیت شیر مورد توجه همه بخشها است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت محصولات آنها در جیره های غذایی رایج و ارگانیک است. در این راستا، 72 گاو شیری هلشتاین به یکی از چهار جیره غذایی اختصاص یافت: جیره غذایی رایج (CON40)، جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه کم (ORG40)، جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه متوسط (ORG60) و جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه زیاد (ORG80). گاوهای چند شکمزا (2 ، 3 و 4 شکم) به طور تصادفی در گروههای درمانی قرار گرفتند. علوفه به عنوان بخشی از جیره غذایی استفاده شد، و گاوها به طور جداگانه سه بار در روز مورد تغذیه قرار گرفتند و خوراک باقیمانده در انتهای روز جمعآوری شد. مقدار مصرف روزانه ماده خشک و عملکرد شیر در 308 روز بررسی و اندازهگیری شد. تعداد سلولهای سوماتیک شیر، وزن بدن گاو و بازده خوراک در فواصل هر 28 روز تعیین شد. مقدار مصرف روزانه ماده خشک برای گاوهای مصرف جیرههای غذاییORG80 (2/18 کیلوگرم در روز)، ORG60 (1/19 کیلوگرم در روز)، ORG80 (1/20 کیلوگرم در روز) و CON40 (5/20 کیلوگرم در روز) متفاوت بود. وزن بدن گاوها تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت، اما در نمره وضعیت بدنی گاوها اختلاف معنیداری (05/0>P) مشاهده شد. اگر چه عملکرد شیر در گاوهای تغذیه شده با CON40 بالاتر از سایرین بود، در جیرههای غذایی ارگانیک چربی شیر بالاتر بود (05/0>P). پایینترین کارآیی خوراک، نیتروژن اورهای شیر و نیتروژن اورهای خون در گاوهای تغذیه شده با جیرههای غذایی ارگانیک مشاهده شد (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
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266 - برآورد وزن بدن بر مبنای ابعاد قلب گوسفندان ساردی و تیماهدیت با استفاده از مدلهای مختلف
آی. بوجنانه اس. هلهالیهدف از این مطالعه تعیین رابطه بین وزن بدن (BW) و ابعاد قلب (HG) در گوسفندان ساردی و تیماهدیت و برازش یک معادله پیش­بینی BW بر مبنای HG بوده است. داده­های مورد استفاده در این مطالعه شامل 476 رکورد BW و HG (227 رکورد در ساردی و 249 رکورد در تیماهدیت) بود که از نره Moreهدف از این مطالعه تعیین رابطه بین وزن بدن (BW) و ابعاد قلب (HG) در گوسفندان ساردی و تیماهدیت و برازش یک معادله پیش­بینی BW بر مبنای HG بوده است. داده­های مورد استفاده در این مطالعه شامل 476 رکورد BW و HG (227 رکورد در ساردی و 249 رکورد در تیماهدیت) بود که از نرها و ماده­ها در سنین مختلف و از 33 مزرعه خصوصی جمعآوری گردیدند. میانگین BW و HG در ساردی به ترتیب 2/12 ± 8/34 کیلوگرم و 3/16 ± 0/74 سانتی­متر و در تیماهدیت به ترتیب 7/22 ± 2/39 کیلوگرم و 4/16 ± 4/78 سانتی­متر در تیماهدیت بود. ضرایب همبستگی بین BW و HG که به ترتیب در ساردی و تیماهدیت برابر با 958/0 و 944/0 بوده، نشان ­دهنده وجود همبستگی بالا بین این دو متغیر است. شش مدل پیش­بینی شامل رگرسیون خطی ساده، رگرسیون­های درجه سه و چهار چند جمله­ای و سه رگرسیون غیر خطی (گومپتز، آلومتریک و میشرلیک) برای این داده­ها برازش یافتند. این مدل­ها برای کل داده­ها (صرفنظر از نژاد و جنس)، به طور جداگانه برای همه حیوانات یک نژاد صرفنظر از جنس (مختص نژاد) و به طور جداگانه برای نرها و ماده­ها صرفنظر از نژاد (مختص جنس) به کار گرفته شدند. برای تعیین بهترین مدل رگرسیونی برازش یافته، ضریب تعین (2R یا شبه 2R) میانگین مربعات باقیمانده (MSE) و معیار اطلاعات آکایک (AIC) مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. هر شش مدل به خوبی با مجموعه داده­ها انطباق داشتند. زیرا 2R یا شبه 2R آنها از 892/0 تا 969/0 متغیر بوده است. با این حال براساس سایر معیارهای انتخاب، چنین به نظر می­رسد که مدل درجه سوم چند جمله­ای بهترین مدل بوده و مدل آلومتریک بایستی نادیده گرفته شود. مشاهدات دور در هر سه مدل برتر با کمک باقیمانده­های استودنت و مقادیر مطلق بزرگتر از دو انحراف معیار که نشان دهنده انحراف معنی ­دار بوده است، کنترل گردیدند. سپس مشاهدات پرت حذف گردیده و بهترین مدل­ها بر روی مجموعه­ داده­های پاکسازی شده پیاده گردیده و مقایسه شدند. بدین ترتیب، برای کل داده­ها، نژاد ساردی و ماده­ها، مدل میشرلیک مناسب بوده و برای نژاد تیماهدیت و نرها، به ترتیب مدل­های درجه سوم و گومپتز مناسب بوده­اند. بنابراین یک معیار جهت کمک به پرورش دهندگان در مدیریت بهتر گوسفندان در هر دسته ارائه گردید. Manuscript profile -
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267 - بهکارگیری سنجشهای بدنی گوسفندان سر سیاه سومالی به عنوان پارامترهایی برای برآورد وزن بدن
آ. آبرا فیسا ک. کبده کفنی ن. آماهاگوسفند و بز نقش بزرگی در اقتصاد جوامع روستایی دارند که در قسمتهای پست اتیوپی ساکن هستند. این پژوهش در منطقه پست بورنیو جنوب اتیوپی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن گوسفندان سر سیاه سومالی (BHS) با استفاده از سنجشهای خطی بدنی تحت شرایط مزرعهای انجام شد. مجموعهای از 478 رأس (301 Moreگوسفند و بز نقش بزرگی در اقتصاد جوامع روستایی دارند که در قسمتهای پست اتیوپی ساکن هستند. این پژوهش در منطقه پست بورنیو جنوب اتیوپی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن گوسفندان سر سیاه سومالی (BHS) با استفاده از سنجشهای خطی بدنی تحت شرایط مزرعهای انجام شد. مجموعهای از 478 رأس (301 ماده و 177 نر) برای سنجشهای خطی بدنی و وزن بدن اندازهگیری شدند. دادههای بهدست آمده روی ارتفاع جدوگاه (WH)، ابعاد سینه (CG)، طول بدن (BL)، عمق سینه (CD)، عرض لگن (PW)، محیط استخوان توپی (CC)، محیط دم (TC)، محیط بیضه برای نر (SC) و وزن بدن (BW) در مدلهای خطی و رگرسیون چندگانه برای پیشبینی وزن زنده از سنجشهای بدنی برازش شدند. حیوانات در دو گروه نرها و مادهها؛ و چهار گروه سنی، بر اساس جفت دندان دائمی (PPI)، همانند 0 PPI، 1 PPI، 2 PPI و 3 PPI دستهبندی شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که، وزن بدن زنده گوسفندان نژاد BHS بهدست آمده در پژوهش حاضر در مقایسه با وزن بدن توصیه شده، 30 کیلوگرم در سن یکسالگی کمتر بود. بر اساس رویه رگرسیونی مرحلهای، CD، CG، WH و TC برای مادهها و CG، CD، CC، BL و WH برای نرها جهت پیشبینی وزن زنده در مدلهای رگرسیونی خطی چندگانه بهتر بودند. مقدار ضریب همبستگی (r) نشان داد که CG بیشترین همبستگی را با وزن زنده (r=0.90 برای نرها) و ( r=89 برای مادهها) داشت. از اینرو، پژوهش نتیجه گرفت که پیشبینی وزن بدن از ابعاد سینه همراه یا در ترکیب با سنجشهای بدنی دیگر یک گزینه عملی تحت شرایط مزرعه با صحت قابل قبول خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
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268 - برآورد اجزای واریانس وزن بدن گوسفند مغانی با کمک مدلهای رگرسیون تصادفی بی–اسپلاین
پ. زمانی م.ر. مرادی د. علیپور ا. احمدیهدف از از پژوهش حاضر برآورد اجزای (کو) واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی وزن بدن گوسفند مغانی، با کمک مدل­های رگرسیون تصادفی بر پایه توابع بی–اسپلاین بود. سری داده­ها شامل 9165 رکورد وزن بدن 60 تا 365 روزگی 2811 گوسفند مغانی، جمعآوری شده در سال­های 1373 تا Moreهدف از از پژوهش حاضر برآورد اجزای (کو) واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی وزن بدن گوسفند مغانی، با کمک مدل­های رگرسیون تصادفی بر پایه توابع بی–اسپلاین بود. سری داده­ها شامل 9165 رکورد وزن بدن 60 تا 365 روزگی 2811 گوسفند مغانی، جمعآوری شده در سال­های 1373 تا 1392 در مؤسسه تحقیقات و اصلاح نژاد دام جعفر آباد استان اردبیل در ایران بود. داده­ها با کمک مدل­های رگرسیون تصادفی تجزیه شدند. گروه­های هم­دوره (سال–فصل تولد–جنس–نوع تولد–سن مادر هنگام تولد) و رگرسیون ثابت وزن بدن روی سن به عنوان بخش­های ثابت مدل­ها در نظر گرفته شدند. رگرسیون­های تصادفی اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی مستقیم، محیطی دائمی، ژنتیکی افزایشی مادری و محیطی مادری بخش­های تصادفی مدل­ها بودند. توابع بی-اسپلاین خطی و درجه دو با دو یا سه ضریب برای رگرسیون­های ثابت و تصادفی مدل­ها برازش شدند. یک ساختار ناهم­گون واریانس باقی مانده در پنج کلاس سنی در نظر گرفته شد. اجزای واریانس با الگوریتم میانگین اطلاعات بیشترین درست نمایی محدود شده (AI-REML) برآورد شدند. مدل­های مختلف بر اساس معیارهای اطلاعات آکایک (AIC) و بیزین (BIC) مقایسه شدند. بر اساس هر دو معیار، بهترین مدل، مدل دارای توابع بی–اسپلاین درجه دو با تعداد 3، 3، 3، 2 و 2 به­ ترتیب، برای رگرسیون ثابت و رگرسیون­های تصادفی اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی مستقیم، محیطی دائمی، ژنتیکی افزایشی مادری و محیطی مادری بود. بر اساس این مدل، برآورد­های وراثت­پذیری مستقیم پایین تا متوسط (135/0 تا 330/0) و ضریب محیط دائمی متوسط تا بالا (229/0 تا 613/0) به دست آمدند، در حالی­که برآوردهای وراثت­پذیری مادری (05/0 تا 14/0) و ضریب محیط مادری (کمتر از 01/0) در همه سنین مقادیری پایین یا جزئی بودند. Manuscript profile -
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269 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات وزن بدن در گوسفند کردی
ع.ر. شهدادی د.ع. ساقیبرای برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات وزن بدن در گوسفند کردی داده­های جمع­آوری شده طی سال­های 1375 تا 1392 در ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند کردی واقع در شهرستان شیروان استان خراسان شمالی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن تولد (BW)، وزن 3 ماه Moreبرای برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات وزن بدن در گوسفند کردی داده­های جمع­آوری شده طی سال­های 1375 تا 1392 در ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند کردی واقع در شهرستان شیروان استان خراسان شمالی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن تولد (BW)، وزن 3 ماهگی (WW)، وزن 6 ماهگی (6MW)، وزن 9 ماهگی (9MW) و وزن یک سالگی (YW) بود. اثرات ثابت موجود در مدل سال زایش، جنس بره، نوع تولد و سن مادر هنگام زایش بود. مؤلفه­های (کو)واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات با تجزیه و تحلیل­های یک و چند متغیره مدل­های حیوانی با استفاده از روش حداکثر درست­نمایی محدود شده برآورد گردید. پس از برازش مدل­های حیوانی مورد استفاده، مناسب­ترین مدل برای هر صفت بر اساس مقادیر لگاریتم حداکثر درست­نمایی انتخاب شد. مدل حاوی اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی مستقیم و اثرات ژنتیکی مادری بدون در نظر گرفتن کوواریانس بین آنها مناسب­ترین مدل برای صفات BW و WW بود. مدل حاوی اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی به عنوان بهترین مدل برای سایر صفات (6MW، 9MW و YW) در نظر گرفته شد. سال زایش، جنس بره و نوع تولد تأثیر معنی­داری روی صفات وزن بدن داشتند (01/0>P). وراثت­پذیری برآورد شده برای صفات BW، WW، 6MW، 9MW و YW به ترتیب 10/0، 28/0، 32/0، 22/0 و 20/0 بود. وراثت­پذیری مادری برای BW و WW به ترتیب 27/0 و 13/0 برآورد گردید. همبستگی­های ژنتیکی افزایشی مستقیم بین صفات مختلف وزن بدن به ترتیب در دامنه 56/0 (BW با YW) تا 97/0 (6MW با 9MW) متغیر بود. همبستگی­های ژنتیکی افزایشی مادری بین صفات وزن بدن در محدوده 84/0 تا 99/0 قرار داشت. همبستگی­های برآورد شده بین صفات نشان می­دهد که انتخاب برای هر کدام از این صفات باعث بهبود پیشرفت ژنتیکی در سایر صفات می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - تأثیر تغذیه درون تخم مرغی و تغذیه جیرهای عصاره خارمریم بر ایمنی و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون جوجههای گوشتی تحت درجه حرارتهای بالا
ا. زارعی م. مروت م. چمنی ع.ا. صادقی پ. دادوراین آزمایش جهت بررسی تأثیر تغذیه درون تخمی و تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره خارمریم بر ایمنی و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون جوجه­های گوشتی تحت درجه حرارت­های بالا انجام شد. تعداد 360 عدد تخم مرغ نطفه­دار از نژاد مادر گوشتی برای تغذیه درون تخم مرغی در سطوح 0، 100 و 200 پی Moreاین آزمایش جهت بررسی تأثیر تغذیه درون تخمی و تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره خارمریم بر ایمنی و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون جوجه­های گوشتی تحت درجه حرارت­های بالا انجام شد. تعداد 360 عدد تخم مرغ نطفه­دار از نژاد مادر گوشتی برای تغذیه درون تخم مرغی در سطوح 0، 100 و 200 پی پی ام از عصاره آبی خارمریم در روز 5/17 جوجه کشی استفاده شدند. پس از هچ، 240 جوجه به قفس­های آزمایشی انتقال داده شدند. جیره آزمایشی شامل دو نوع; یک جیره بدون عصاره و دیگری حاوی 100 پی پی ام عصاره خارمریم بود. سپس جوجه­ها طی روزهای 7-28 پرورش برای 4 ساعت از روز تحت شرایط تنش گرمایی (4 درجه بالاتر از دمای بهینه) قرار گرفتند و پس از 28 روزگی در دمای بهینه نگهداری شدند. جوجه­ها به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار و در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 3 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که جوجه­های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی عصاره، مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و وزن نهایی بیشتر و ضریب تبدیل خوراک کمتری داشتند (01/0P≤). در سن 28 و 42 روزگی تغذیه­ جیره­ای عصاره وزن نسبی بورس (05/0P≤)، تیموس و طحال (01/0P≤) را افزایش داد. این نتایج، افزایش عیار پادتن بر علیه گامبرو را به وسیله تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره اثبات کردند (05/0P≤). همچنین در تیمارهای تغذیه شده با عصاره خارمریم تعداد گلبول­های سفید خون بالاتر (01/0P≤) و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت پایین­تر بود (01/0P≤). تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره منجر به افزایش بار کاتیونی خون (Na و K) جوجه­های تغذیه شده با عصاره خارمریم در سن 28 روزگی شد و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون در این تیمارها افزایش یافت (01/0P≤). در 28 روزگی درصد خاکستر استخوان درشت نی جوجه­های تغذیه شده با عصاره بالاتر از سایر گروه­ها بود (01/0P≤). به نظر می­رسد که تغذیه جیره­ای عصاره در جوجه­های گوشتی به طور قابل توجهی سبب افزایش پاسخ ایمنی تحت درجه حرارت­های بالا شد اما تغذیه درون تخم مرغی عصاره اثر زیادی بر این فراسنجه­ها نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - مطالعه عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجههای سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید
آ.ک. داس اس. کومار آ. رحیم آ.ک. میشرااین مطالعه با هدف بررسی خصوصیات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجه­های سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید که در مؤسسه مرکزی تحقیقات طیور واقع در آیزاتناگار نگهداری و پرورش داده می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. 346 تخم مرغ نطفه­دار (بارور) در دستگاه جوجه­کشی الکتریکی قرار داده شده و 2 Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی خصوصیات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجه­های سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید که در مؤسسه مرکزی تحقیقات طیور واقع در آیزاتناگار نگهداری و پرورش داده می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. 346 تخم مرغ نطفه­دار (بارور) در دستگاه جوجه­کشی الکتریکی قرار داده شده و 234 جوجه در سه هچ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات عملکردی با استفاده از آنالیز حداقل مربعات واریانس تحلیل گردید. درصد تفاوت­ها در باروری، قابلیت هچ و مرده­زایی در بین هچ­های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون انحراف از نرمالیتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. درصد باروری، تعداد کل تخم گذاشته شده و تعداد تخم بارور گذاشته شده بر مبنای قابلیت هچ، مرده­زایی جوجه و میانگین حداقل مربعات وزن جوجه، وزن بدن، بلوغ جنسی، وزن تخم و دوره تولید تخم برآورد شدند. تفاوت در هچ به شکل معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) تحت تأثیر برآوردهای باروری، تعداد کل تخم گذاشته شده بر مبنای قابلیت هچ، وزن جوجه تا وزن خانه­روی، بلوغ جنسی، تولید تخم و مرده­زایی در سن جوان­تر بود. جنسیت جوجه­ها نیز تحت تأثیر برآوردهای وزن بدن در بعد از هشت هفتگی قرار گرفت. اثر رگرسیونی معنی­دار وزن جوجه بر وزن بدن در سنین نخستین تا دوازدهمین هفته مشاهده شد (05/0­>­P). وزن جوجه رابطه معنی­داری با بلوغ جنسی و انواع برآوردهای وزن بدن و وزن تخم با ضرایب همبستگی فنوتیپی پایین تا بالا داشت. ولی با تولید تخم رابطه منفی داشته است. در بلوغ جنسی با تأخیر، وزن نیمچه­ها سبک بوده و به دنبال آن وزن و تولید تخم نیز پایین­تر بود. این خصوصیات فنومیکی را می­توان به عنوان خصوصیات این سویه نادر از جوجه­های رُد آیلند رِد (RIR) در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - پلی ساکارید جینسنگ (Panax ginseng) میتواند در جوجههای گوشتی ایمنی علیه ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 را بهبود دهد
اس. کالون آ.ی. عبدالهیظرفیت ایجاد ایمنی هومورال پلی ساکاارید جین­سنگ (GPS) علیه ویروس آنفلوآنزای طیور H9N2 در جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. اثرات تیمار قبل و در طی آلودگی با ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 در فیبروبلاست جنین جوجه­ها (CEF) توسط MTT (3(4 و 5-دی متیل تیازول)-2 و 3- دی فتییل Moreظرفیت ایجاد ایمنی هومورال پلی ساکاارید جین­سنگ (GPS) علیه ویروس آنفلوآنزای طیور H9N2 در جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. اثرات تیمار قبل و در طی آلودگی با ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 در فیبروبلاست جنین جوجه­ها (CEF) توسط MTT (3(4 و 5-دی متیل تیازول)-2 و 3- دی فتییل تترالیوم­بروماید) و تجزیه کمی MHC با روش RT-PCR و بیان سیتوکین تعیین شد. درصدهای سلول­های TCD3+، CD4+ و CD8+ در لنفوسیت­های خون احشایی و تیترهای آنتی­بادی سرمی در آزمایشگاه تعیین شدند. بیان بالای MHCII و سیتوکین­های IL-2، IL-4 و IL-10 در تیمارهای CEF و GPS قبل و در طی عفونت با H9N2 مشاهده شد. این نتایج مشخص نمود که فعالیت ضد­ویروسی GPS توسط پیش تیمار CEF افزایش یافت و اینکه GPS پاسخ­های ایمنی هومورال اولیه را در جوجه­های جوان تسریع میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Phenotypic Diversity of Camel Ecotypes (Camelus dromedarius) in the South Region of Kerman Province of Iran
J. Ehsaninia B. Faye N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh -
Open Access Article
274 - Morphological Characterization and Study of Zootechnical Indices of Tazegzawt Sheep Population in Eastern Algeria
R. El-Bouyahiaoui B. Belkheir F. Moulla H. Mansouri M. Benidir A. Djaout -
Open Access Article
275 - ابعاد بدنی بزهای نر سوکوتو قرمز در نیجریه و ارتباط آنها با صفات زیستسنجی بیضه
E.O. Ajao M.O. Akinyemi E.O. Ewuola O.H. Osaiyuwuنود راس بز نر سوکوتو قرمز برای ارزیابی ارتباط بین ابعاد بدنی، بیضه و اپیدیدیم در سه گروه سنی (گروه 1: 7-12 ماه، گروه 2: 1-2 سال و گروه 3: بیش از 2 سال) استفاده شدند. اثر سن روی ابعاد بدن و ابعاد بیضه / اپیدیدیم آنالیز شد. یک مدل پیشبینی برای ابعاد صفات بییضه / اپیدیدیم Moreنود راس بز نر سوکوتو قرمز برای ارزیابی ارتباط بین ابعاد بدنی، بیضه و اپیدیدیم در سه گروه سنی (گروه 1: 7-12 ماه، گروه 2: 1-2 سال و گروه 3: بیش از 2 سال) استفاده شدند. اثر سن روی ابعاد بدن و ابعاد بیضه / اپیدیدیم آنالیز شد. یک مدل پیشبینی برای ابعاد صفات بییضه / اپیدیدیم با استفاده از ابعاد بدن دام زنده توسعه داده شد. سن بزهای نر اثر معنیداری (05/0P<) روی وزن بدن، دور شکم، محیط اطراف بیضه، ابعاد صفات مربوط به بیضه و اپیدیدیم (حجم بیضه، وزن بیضه، وزن سر و دم اپیدیدیم) داشت. ضرایب همبستگی بالاتری بین حجم بیضه و وزن آن و بین وزن سر اپیدیدیم و وزن اپیدیدیم در همه گروههای سنی (به ترتیب 99/0r= و 95/0r= در گروه 1، 97/0r= و 95/0r= در گروه 2 و 97/0r= و 93/0r= در گروه 3) مشاهده شد. محیط اطراف کیسه بیضه به طور مستقل با بعضی از ابعاد بیضه یا اپیدیدیم در گروههای 1 و 2 ارتباط داشت. در مدل رگرسیونی خطی چند متغییره همه فراسنجههای بدنی مورد استفاده با بعضی از ابعاد صفات مرتبط با بیضه و اپیدیدیم ارتباط داشتند. نتایج مشخص نمود که انتخاب برای بزهای نر جایگزین اصلاحی بایستی برای بزهای نر تا 2 سال سن با استفاده از دادههای محیط پیرامونی کیسه بیضه انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Genetics of Body Conformation and Feed Efficiency Characteristics in a Control Line of Rhode Island Red Chicken
آ.کا. داس اس. کومار آ. رحیم -
Open Access Article
277 - Qualitative study of DO and BOD5 parameters of Dez River in Dezful city
Yaghoub Karami Jamalodin Barfar Ali Afroos Saeed Taheri Ghanad Maryam Zalaghi -
Open Access Article
278 - Architectural Stylistics of Second Pahlavi Period, with approach of Evaluating the Building’s Physical Behavior in each Style
maziar sardari leila zare Avideh talaei vahid ghobadianArchitectural stylistics as an approach, has various functions in the study of architectural history. One of its most important functions is as a classification method in the history of architecture. In recent researches, the necessity of achieving styles in the Iranian MoreArchitectural stylistics as an approach, has various functions in the study of architectural history. One of its most important functions is as a classification method in the history of architecture. In recent researches, the necessity of achieving styles in the Iranian architecture evolution, by referring to the body of prominent buildings, has always been brought up. Therefore, these bodies and their architecture evaluating, will be the best way to know the styles. The topic of Iranian architectural stylistics has always been a part of challenging debates in scientific societies, due to the wide and varied definitions and functions of it, there is no clear consensus among researchers. The stylistics of the second Pahlavi period has always been very important; on the one hand in terms of looking at past architecture and on the other hand due to the arrival of modern architecture in this period, is a turning point in the history of iran architecture. Therefore, this article tries to extract the titles of architectural styles in the second Pahlavi period with using a qualitative method and interpretive-historical approach, along with extensive documentary and library studies, and then with a detailed examination of the prominent building's body; evaluate the characteristics of each style and classify them. The research results show that five styles; "Traditional architecture", "Western modern architecture", "Organic architecture", "Modernist Iranian architecture" and "High-tech architectures", are the styles in the period from 1332 to 1357 A.S, that each one, according to their own theories, displays historical or modern characteristics, in the body of each buildings with a different image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The meaning of identity and physical identity in architectural works (with analysis the Iran historical architecture)
maziar sardari leila zare Avideh talaei vahid ghobadianThe city appearance, represents human civilization and culture. The architecture that represents it, should have values that lead the society to identity. Values that have faded in most of the contemporary cities and they are nothing but huge buildings, parks and office MoreThe city appearance, represents human civilization and culture. The architecture that represents it, should have values that lead the society to identity. Values that have faded in most of the contemporary cities and they are nothing but huge buildings, parks and offices. In other words, does not take place the space perception, and as time passes, this crisis increases. Today's technology-oriented world, has changed the cities appearance and their bodies have taken on a different appearance. The body of cities, as the first architecture element that is in visual communication with the people, nowadays does not interact with the audience and plays a lesser role. This research with a qualitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach, with a library study, will be achieve the concept of identity and identitarian architecture and then with field observations of historical architecture, referring to ancient documents and texts, physical identity elements are introduced. The results show that the identity and architectural identity of this soil is related to the rich history and culture and it’s important to knowing the physical elements of Iran historical architectural styles. In the following, two important styles of Iranian architecture will be introduced and their physical characteristics will be extracted and introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - In vitro propagation of orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume var. Jawa
Mozhdeh Asa Behzad Kaviani -
Open Access Article
281 - Analysis of affecting factor the villagers tends to use medicinal plants with indigenous knowledge approach (Case study: Zoeram Dehestan of Shirvan)
Hamdollah Sojasi Qhidari Soraya AziziAbstract:Regarding various side-effects of chemical medicine today, we witness modern people’s everyday widespread tendency, especially in rural areas where people are very close to nature, toward using home-made remedies and herbal medicine. Present study has an MoreAbstract:Regarding various side-effects of chemical medicine today, we witness modern people’s everyday widespread tendency, especially in rural areas where people are very close to nature, toward using home-made remedies and herbal medicine. Present study has an applied format in purpose and its approach is descriptive-analytical. Statistical population of this study includes all rural families (N=2095) in Zooeram - a small city located near Shirvan, Northern Khorassan Razavi – of which we took just 139 families after editing participant samples using Cockran Formula. We established a self-made questionnaire with reliability level of 0.908 using α-Chronbach coefficient.The results show that most people all over the country and also in this area prefer to use and apply medicinal herbs (medical herbs) rather than chemical medicine at least once during their life time, achieving better health results. The main reason behind this idea is oral sayings and chest to chest communication originating from previous generations.Among many effective factors behind this general tendency, we can mention cultural compatibility index and acceptability of human body to these herbal treatments in rural population (37, 39, 93, 39 respectively).Also the rank of village priorities show the extent of individual preferences to be 1 (top rank) in Hossein Abad village and 10 (the lowest rank) in Abd Abad village based on a 20-item Vikor Model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Energy Consumption and Equivalent Carbon Emissions in the Life Cycle of Conventional Housing External Walls, an Approach to Sustainable Energy Development Case Study: Regions in Sanandaj
Ayoob Moradkhani. Niloufar Nikghadam Mansoureh TahbazEnergy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective e MoreEnergy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective energy consumption factor in the life cycle of the building, and was sought to assess the embodied Energy and environmental pollutants in the production period as well as the operational cycle. Considering the analytical-descriptive approach, after describing the related principles, Delphi method and analytical hierarchy of Fuzzy AHP were used to identify and zonate the frequency of common external walls in three areas of Sanandaj. Then, the energy consumption of the embodid period was assessed with the existing data and using modeling and simulation of a city block in Design Builder software the energy of the operational cycle was assesed considering the relevant variables. Interpretation of the findings was conducted using SPSS, ANOVA and Duncan's test for comparing the classifications and indicated a significant relationship between the embodied energy levels of production and operational cycle between the walls and its extent in the three regions of Sanandaj city. The very low contribution of primary energy of the embodied period compared to the operational cycle for three metropolitan areas was 2.01, 1.87 and 1.86, respectively, of life cycle of the building. The results of the research in regions of Sanandaj indicated the unfavorable condition of energy consumption in the widespread use of the walls during the life cycle stages of the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Explaining the Design Model of Residential Buildings in Cold Mountain Climates from Physical-Identity Dimension (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolitan)
roghyeh mehmani jalal Nakhaei mehrdad javid nejadIn the design and construction of traditional and indigenous buildings, the use of renewable energies such as airflow, sunlight and heat in construction has been considered by the builders. It has also been tried to have the least negative impact on the environment. The MoreIn the design and construction of traditional and indigenous buildings, the use of renewable energies such as airflow, sunlight and heat in construction has been considered by the builders. It has also been tried to have the least negative impact on the environment. The main question of the research is what are the basics of designing residential buildings compatible with cold and mountainous climates in Tabriz metropolitan from the physical-identity aspect? In this study, descriptive-analytical and field methods were used, Delphi tools and techniques were used in the surveys to answer research questions, and for statistical conclusions and purpose-based documentation using SPSS software. 6 persons will be in the form of 22 Ph.D. students, 6 Architects professors, 22 residents of residential complexes which will be extracted and presented based on statistical methods. Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability of the questions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the physical and identity components of the model by overlapping the indices of the model in addition to the necessary climatic studies to explain the models and patterns of this adaptation in cold and mountainous regions of Iran. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the spatial domination subgroup (communication and joints) with the physical dimension as well as the identity dimension. There is a positive and significant relationship between sub-indices of open space, physical domination and contrast and differentiation with physical dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - یک محیط کشت غذایی موثر برای جوانهزنی غیرهمزیست بذر و نمو درون شیشهای گیاهچههای بذری فالانوپسیس 'Bahia Blanca'
سیده مهرناز عباس زاده سید مهدی میری روح انگیز نادریاین مطالعه به منظور ایجاد یک روش سریع و موفق برای بهبود جوانه زنی غیرهمزیست بذر و رشد و نمو پروتوکورم های شبه بدنی (PLBs) و گیاهچه های ارکیده فالانوپسیس (Phalaenopsis) انجام شد و تاثیر چهار محیط کشت پایه موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS)، ½MS، نادسون سی (KC) و واسین و ونت (VW Moreاین مطالعه به منظور ایجاد یک روش سریع و موفق برای بهبود جوانه زنی غیرهمزیست بذر و رشد و نمو پروتوکورم های شبه بدنی (PLBs) و گیاهچه های ارکیده فالانوپسیس (Phalaenopsis) انجام شد و تاثیر چهار محیط کشت پایه موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS)، ½MS، نادسون سی (KC) و واسین و ونت (VW) حاوی شیر نارگیل و پپتون برای تکثیر در مقیاس زیاد بواسطه جوانه زنی غیرهمزیست بذر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جوانه زنی بذر، تعداد برگ، تعداد ریشه، طول ریشه، طول گیاهچه و وزن تر و خشک اندازه گیری شد. گیاهچه های خوب ریشه دار شده 4 سانتیمتری در سینی های حاوی رس : ذغال : کوکوپیت : پرلیت (4: 2: 1: 1) یا خزه اسفاگنوم کشت و به گلخانه منتقل شدند. فراوانی جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه ها در محیط کشت های MS و ½MS حاوی ترکیبات آلی به طور معنی داری بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی بذر در محیط کشت MS حاوی 100 میلی گرم در لیتر شیر نارگیل یا 1 گرم در لیتر پپتون و ½MS حاوی 1 یا 2 گرم در لیتر پپتون به دست آمد. با این حال، طویل ترین دانهال در MS و یا ½MS همراه با 100 میلی گرم در لیتر شیر نارگیل و یا MS حاوی 1 گرم در لیتر پپتون مشاهده شد. 97 درصد از گیاهچه ها پس از 1 ماه در بستر کشت رس : ذغال : کوکوپیت : پرلیت زنده ماندند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Effective Use of Synthetic Seed Technology in the Regeneration of Dendrobium White Fairy Orchid
Wee Leng Siew Mei Yun Kwok Yong Mei Ong Hui Ping Liew Boon Keat YewThe synthetic seed technology is becoming popular due to its wide application in germplasm conservation and for exchanges between countries in the floriculture trade. In this study, this method was used to study the germination and conversion capabilities of orchid spec MoreThe synthetic seed technology is becoming popular due to its wide application in germplasm conservation and for exchanges between countries in the floriculture trade. In this study, this method was used to study the germination and conversion capabilities of orchid species Dendrobium White Fairy when stored at different storage times and with different storage containers. A high germination percentage of 80% was observed for encapsulated synthetic seeds up to 150 days of storage in Petri dishes and screw capped polypropylene tubes and this percentage only began to decline gradually from 150 storage days and more. Besides that, synthetic seeds stored in polypropylene tubes were shown to germinate faster and develop into plantlets with longer shoots and roots as compared to those stored in the Petri dishes. This proved the efficiency and suitability of polypropylene tubes over Petri dishes as storage containers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Sociological study of the consumerist approach to the body in Iranian society (Case study: Students of Payame Noor University of Tehran)
leila fathi Mohamad RahimiThe various social, cultural and political changes that have taken place in the world, such as demographic changes, feminist movements, consumerism, and the movement towards modernity, have transformed the body into a major issue in social studies. The purpose of the pr MoreThe various social, cultural and political changes that have taken place in the world, such as demographic changes, feminist movements, consumerism, and the movement towards modernity, have transformed the body into a major issue in social studies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of consumerism in the Iranian society among female students of Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran. In this paper, 415 people were selected using the Cochran formula. The sampling method in this study is a proportional sampling method. In this study, feminist theories, Veblen, Gauffman, and Giddens have helped researchers in their ideas and theoretical sensitivity. The findings of the study showed that the individual factors (2.63) and social conditions (2.47) are effective in performing cosmetic surgeries by individuals in Iran. According to findings, family agent (21.3%) of the causes Surgery is not beauty by people in IranTo determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire structures, convergent and diagnostic validity was used in the form of confirmatory factor analysis. Also, for reliability testing of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Since the calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each section of the questionnaire and also for the total data (0.82) is more than acceptable (α = 0.7), the reliability of the measurement instrument is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Studying the relationship between apprehension towards husband's infidelity and body management among the married woman in Tehran
Abdoreza Adhami Mona EmamiStudying the Relationship between Apprehension towards Husband’s Infidelityand Body Management among the Married Women in TehranA. Adhami and M. Emami The present article aims to study the relationship between apprehension of husband’s infidelity and body ma MoreStudying the Relationship between Apprehension towards Husband’s Infidelityand Body Management among the Married Women in TehranA. Adhami and M. Emami The present article aims to study the relationship between apprehension of husband’s infidelity and body management among the married women in Tehran, Iran. Based on qualitative grounded theory, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 subjects, all married living in Tehran. The concepts inherent in the narratives and anecdotes were extracted from the interviews and then codified into concrete categories which were ultimately classified under certain pivotal codes. These pivotal codes were distilled into certain selected codes which showed a phenomenon we called “fear from inattention and unseen.” Our main question in this study was whether apprehension of husband’s infidelity had any influence on women’s body management.Our subjects’ status and agency in their families and societies were faced with cultural and social constraints. We concluded that the subjects of the study had already tried to attract others’ attention and make themselves distinct by managing their bodies and even accepting its possibly harmful consequences.Keywords:fear, husband’s infidelity, body management, cosmetic surgery, beauty industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Evaluation of obvious and hidden meanings in the body of the rich heritage of Lalezar Street in Tehran
Seyed Ramtin Hassani vahid ghobadian mahnaz mahmoodi zarandiObjective and method: It is to reveal the subtle semantic components that form the basis of the cultural and historical significance of the street. To achieve this goal, a mixed-methods approach was used, integrating interviews and surveys. A diverse range of participan MoreObjective and method: It is to reveal the subtle semantic components that form the basis of the cultural and historical significance of the street. To achieve this goal, a mixed-methods approach was used, integrating interviews and surveys. A diverse range of participants, including architectural and urban planning experts, along with current and former residents, provided multifaceted insights into the street's historical narrative. . Finally, the research examines the hidden meanings in the physical, functional, emotional and cultural aspects of Lalehzar Street. This holistic approach enables a full understanding of the complex network of semantic elements that contribute to street identity. Analysis Findings from in-depth interviews and detailed investigations revealed a complex network of interrelationships among the identified semantic components. These connections were carefully analyzed and ended up identifying key elements such as balance, proportion, continuity, emotional resonance and cultural symbolism that deeply shape the heritage of Lalezar Street Findings: The integration of the research results provides a comprehensive understanding of the street's historical narrative and facilitates the ranking of the identified semantic components based on their importance. Statistical analyzes and correlations reveal the complex relationships between these components and provide a comprehensive view of street heritage. In short, this research deals with deciphering the multifaceted meanings hidden in the historical context of Lalezar Street and emphasizes the intrinsic value of these elements in shaping its heritage narrative. Moreover, this study not only enriches urban research, but also lays the foundation for future research in diverse historical urban landscapes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Qualitative investigation of the theories of urban pattern in the contruction of intermediate Buildings in the historical context
peyman bahramifar vahid ghobadian mahnaz mahmoodi zarandiIntroduction: In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related o MoreIntroduction: In Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists. Methodology: In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context has been discussed. Also, discussion in this research, urban patterns in the construction of buildings in the historical context are divided into three pattern categories, including1."Decorative/decorative"pattern, 2."Functional/program-oriented "pattern, 3."perceptual/contextual" pattern, and conclusion: In the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Qualitative investigation of the theories of urban pattern in the contruction of intermediate Buildings in the historical context
Peyman bahramifar Vahid ghobadian Mahnaz mahmoodi zarandiIn Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations i MoreIn Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists. Methodology: In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context has been discussed. Also, discussion in this research, urban patterns in the construction of buildings in the historical context are divided into three pattern categories, including1."Decorative/decorative"pattern, 2."Functional/program-oriented "pattern, 3."perceptual/contextual" pattern, and conclusion: In the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Effect of changes in environmental salinity on blood parameters and body composition in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)
امیرپرویز سلاطی Reza Farshadian Saeed KeyvanShokooh Hossein Pasha-ZanoosiIn this study, the effects of changes in environmental salinity on some biochemical parameters and body composition in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt, then suddenly introduced in experimental salinities includin MoreIn this study, the effects of changes in environmental salinity on some biochemical parameters and body composition in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt, then suddenly introduced in experimental salinities including 5, 12 and 34 ppt. Each treatment was done in three replicates. In each replicate, 12 fishes with an average initial weight of 100± 10 grams per 300-liter tanks were placed. alues increased in group 12 and 34 ppt (P<0.05). A higher level of triglyceride and lower levels of high density lipoprotein were recorded in 34 ppt compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The proximate composition of body was affected by salinity as moisture was lower in 34 ppt in compare to other groups (P<0.05). In this study, A. latus survived without mortality in experimental salinities, but changes induced for osmoregulation in 5 ppt requires high energy consumption, which reduces the energy available to the fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - بررسی تأثیر عاملهای عملیاتی بر عملکرد حسگر زیستی در اندازهگیری BOD
بهنام مهدوی حمید زیلوئی نورالله میرغفاری -
Open Access Article
293 - Studying of BOD5 and COD variations in domestic wastewater after treated by agronomical soil
Amir rabiefar -
Open Access Article
294 - Mystical Distress From Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi's Point of View
mohammadjavad shams majid farhanizadehThe present study examines the mystical concept of distress in the poems of Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi. The concept refers to the separation from God; it awakens the soul of man from forgetfulness, makes him/her eager to meet the Beloved and leads him/her to seek God. The mysti MoreThe present study examines the mystical concept of distress in the poems of Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi. The concept refers to the separation from God; it awakens the soul of man from forgetfulness, makes him/her eager to meet the Beloved and leads him/her to seek God. The mystical concept of distress is presented in Iraqi poetry in two different ways: First, in the form of an unpleasant and intense pain that is not never desired by the devotee and it is hard and sometimes impossible for him/her to bear it; but, in order to achieve spiritual development, she/he has to be patient until reaching God. The second manifests itself in a pleasant way, so that the lover desires it and considers it as a cure. With regard to the concept of distress, the present study examines the two concepts of nearness (gorb) and distance (bod) from an epistemological perspective. Also, by using descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to study the issue of distress in Iraqi intellectual system, and to resolve the contradiction on the issue of distress in his poetry divan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Mind and Body in Islamic Thought
مرتضی شجاری The relationship between mind (soul) and body is one of the great challenges among Islamic philosophers and mystics. According to Avesina (IbnSina), soul is an immaterial substance and self-existent, and the decay of the body doesn’t affect it. Ibn Arabi b More The relationship between mind (soul) and body is one of the great challenges among Islamic philosophers and mystics. According to Avesina (IbnSina), soul is an immaterial substance and self-existent, and the decay of the body doesn’t affect it. Ibn Arabi believed that there is an essential relation between soul and body, and the body is a place for the soul to manifest its effects. Mulla Sadra, based on his theory of substantial motion (Harakt Jawhari), rejected the separation of the soul and body. The present article, by taking into these views, tries to reexamine the relationship of mind and body in Islamic thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The Reality of Man in Theoretical Mysticism
مرتضی شجاری According to Ibn Arabi, the reality of man is a human subtlety breathed into man’s body by God. This human subtlety or “heart” is a mediator between the body and the soul, and the seat of knowledge of the Names. Based on Ibn Arabi’s idea More According to Ibn Arabi, the reality of man is a human subtlety breathed into man’s body by God. This human subtlety or “heart” is a mediator between the body and the soul, and the seat of knowledge of the Names. Based on Ibn Arabi’s ideas, the present article tries to examine the concept of “the reality of the Man” in theoretical mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Rūmī’s Literal Approach to Embodiment of Actions
Bahādor Namdārpour Alirezā Pārsā S. Ali Alamolhodā MohammadSādeq VāhedifaEmbodiment of actions is an expression that explains reward and punishment of people’s good or bad deeds on the Day of Judgment. In Islamic theology, two different interpretations have been proposed to explain it: a-figurative interpretation, b-literal interpretat MoreEmbodiment of actions is an expression that explains reward and punishment of people’s good or bad deeds on the Day of Judgment. In Islamic theology, two different interpretations have been proposed to explain it: a-figurative interpretation, b-literal interpretation. Approving any of these two views affects human beliefs, behavior and changes one’s view about the Day of Resurrection. Approving literal interpretation leads to strengthen the faith to the Day of Judgment, to acceptance of being certain Divine reward and punishment and to manage one’s behavior and views. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the authors of the present article try to consider embodiment of actions, the advantage of literal interpretation over figurative one and to study Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī’s literal interpretation about embodiment of actions. As a result, Rūmī’s literal account of embodiment of actions is reasonable; it explains better the Divine reward and punishment and shows the influence of man's good and bad deeds in the hereafter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - physical self-concent,body mass index,and physical activity level among college students
Zahra Fathi Rezaee Karym Salehzadeh Seyyed Hojat. Z. Sani Khosro Sadr Haghighithis study was conducted to investigate physical self- concept, Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity level among college students. Two hundred and twenty one college students (111 females, 110 males) between the ages of 18 and 26 were selected by stratified rando Morethis study was conducted to investigate physical self- concept, Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity level among college students. Two hundred and twenty one college students (111 females, 110 males) between the ages of 18 and 26 were selected by stratified random sampling and divided into two groups (active and inactive) based on their physical activity levels. The participants completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ; Marsh, 1996). Results indicated that (1) there was a statistical significant difference between females and males in the overall physical self concept and the body mass index, (2) there were statistical significant differences between females and males, and between active and inactive groups in the physical activity, sports competence, appearance, strength and endurance subscales, and (3) the subscales of physical self-concept (health, physical activity, body fat, endurance, self-esteem), body mass index and sex predicted levels of physical activity. It is suggested that students engaging in physical activity, not only benefit physically, they also experience psychological benefits, such as enhanced physical self concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The Role of Depression and Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Components in Eating Disorder
Khadijeh FooladvandThis study aimed to investigate the role of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition components in eating disorders. This research method was descriptive- correlational. 324 girls students in Lorestan high school province were selected by multi-stage cluster samplin MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition components in eating disorders. This research method was descriptive- correlational. 324 girls students in Lorestan high school province were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982), the Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire (Rabiei, Salahian, Bahrami & Palahang, 2011), and the Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs & Beck, 1977). The Pearson Correlation and Concurrent Regression were used for analysis. The results showed that the components of depression (negative mood, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, and negative self-esteem) and the components of body dysmorphic metacognition (metacognitive control, thought-action fusion, metacognitive negative and positive beliefs, and safety behaviors) had a significant and positive relationship with an eating disorder. In addition, the results of regression analysis showed that negative mood, negative self-esteem, and metacognitive control could predict eating disorders. Based on findings considering the components of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition may have an important clinical role in the processes of prevention and treatment of the eating disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Psychopathological Explanation of Obesity in Adolescent Girls on the basis of Sensory Processing Patterns
Alaleh Taheri Mohamad Ali Mazaheri Abbas ZabihzadehThe aim of this study was a psychopathological explanation of obesity in adolescents based on sensory processing patterns which were carried out in the population of 15 to 19-year-old girls living in Tehran. Participants in this study consisted of 50 girls who their bod MoreThe aim of this study was a psychopathological explanation of obesity in adolescents based on sensory processing patterns which were carried out in the population of 15 to 19-year-old girls living in Tehran. Participants in this study consisted of 50 girls who their body mass index was above 95 percentiles for the obese group and 50 girls with BMI between 25 and 75 percentiles for the normal-weight group (according to the World Health Organization's tables illustrating cut-offs and BMI domains). Adolescents/Adult Sensory Profile was chosen as the data collecting instrument. Findings from the MANOVA and chi-square test showed that sensory avoiding pattern was a pattern with the most frequency and higher mean among obese adolescents. The sensory sensitivity style demonstrated a marginally significant difference between the two groups. The sensory seeking style was the dominant pattern in the non-obese group. The low registration style was not dominant in any of the groups. By identifying sensory processing patterns, the threshold of receiving stimuli, and common way of responding, prediction of behavioral patterns, and designing suitable strategies could be attainable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The Relationship Between Identity Status and Attachment Styles with Attitude toward Body Image in Adolescent Girls: The Mediating Role of Social Comparison
Maedeh Hashemian Abdolaziz Aflakseir Mohammadali Goodarzi Changiz RahimiThis study aimed to determine the relationship between identity status and attachment styles with attitude toward body image in adolescent girls with the mediating role of social comparison. The research design was correlational study-structural equation modeling. The h MoreThis study aimed to determine the relationship between identity status and attachment styles with attitude toward body image in adolescent girls with the mediating role of social comparison. The research design was correlational study-structural equation modeling. The high school students in Isfahan in 2021 were the statistical population of this study, 567 of whom participated by cluster random sampling method. Data collection instruments included the Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (Cash, 1997), Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2nd Version (Bennion & Adams, 1986), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read), and Social Comparison Scale (Chan & Prendergast, 2007). The data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling and the results showed that all of the model fitness indices were appropriate. The results also showed that the path coefficients of identity status and attachment style to social comparison and identity status, attachment style, and social comparison to attitude to body image were significant. Also, the social comparison had a mediation role in the relationship between identity status and attachment style with body image attitude. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that people who have a successful identity status and secure attachment style, experience a better attitude towards body image due to less tendency to social comparison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - BOD Dispersion Modeling in Minab Reservoir
M. Saghafi K. Keyhan M. MahdaviThe multi-purpose Minab Dam reservoir has been studied in this article. 8 scenarios determined for 2 kinds of pollutants, Conservative & Decay. Where the pollutants in two points, one near the dam axis (or the first scenario, S1) and another at the inlet reservoir ( MoreThe multi-purpose Minab Dam reservoir has been studied in this article. 8 scenarios determined for 2 kinds of pollutants, Conservative & Decay. Where the pollutants in two points, one near the dam axis (or the first scenario, S1) and another at the inlet reservoir (the second scenario, S2) will be discharged, in both wet time (2005) and drought (2007) has defined and implemented.In these studies, acronyms are: wet and drought, respectively, with signs of W and D, respectively, with symptoms of Decay & Conservative Mass, D and C.Comparison of two scenarios D.C.S1 and W.C.S1 shows that distribution of pollutant in the first hours, while almost 120 hours after the entry of pollutants is similar to the dispersion of pollutants in the environment is wet most of the time of drought.In scenarios W.C.S2 and D.C.S2, the only difference is dispersion time in the first hours; the surface is occupied by the same pollutants.Theonly difference is about approximately 5 to 10 days after entry of pollutants into the environment. In this way the wet dispersion of pollutants is increasing, while at the same time, drought in the initial distribution rate of diffusion remains.Scenarios can be seen that the amount of pollutants in D.D.S1 and W.D.S1, decay mass is reduced during dispersion.Similar conclusionsof W.D.S2 and D.D.S2 were also as same as two other scenarios W.D.S1 and D.D.S1 shows.This study shows that dispersion of pollutants inthe aqueous environment is affected by two parameter: 1) Nature of pollutants being dispersed in (Conservative or Decay), 2)The time, wet and drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Investigating physical and chemical parameters and detergent levels in Taar River (between Taar Lake and Mamlou Dam)
L. Salimi L. Yadegarian M. MotesharreiThe aim of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical parameters and determine detergent levels in Taar River (from Taar Lake to Mamlou dam region). In this study, physical and chemical parameters of the river, including pH, DO, EC, COD, BOD, Cl- l levelsan MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical parameters and determine detergent levels in Taar River (from Taar Lake to Mamlou dam region). In this study, physical and chemical parameters of the river, including pH, DO, EC, COD, BOD, Cl- l levelsand also detergent levels were determined. For this purpose, 5 stations were designated alongside the river. The results showed that the pH levels were between 8.89 -10.12, EC was measured between 380-800 µs/s, DO levels were between 2.14 – 2.8 mg/l, levels of Cl- were between 1.2 - 47 mg/l, BOD measurements showed levels between 0-16 mg/l, COD levels were between 2-36 mg/l and detergent concentrations were less than 0.02 mg/l in all stations. Comparing the results with Department of Environment standards for surface waters, at the time of sampling, the chemical and physical parameters measured and detergent levels of Taar river were in the recommended standard range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Environmental effluent indicators of Isfahan Steel Company
B. Sadri Lonbani R. Mogouei M. KashefialaslContent and procedures: Through an analytical study, twelve samples from the sewage water of Mobarake Steel Company taken 1392 have been studied and the level of pollutants in them identified and analyzed. The treatment method and technology used for these samples has a MoreContent and procedures: Through an analytical study, twelve samples from the sewage water of Mobarake Steel Company taken 1392 have been studied and the level of pollutants in them identified and analyzed. The treatment method and technology used for these samples has also been studied and based on the study a new process with more prevalent technology (BAT) has been recommended. The findings and analyzed using the SPSS software and the pollutant levels compared to the allowed standards. Findings and results: According to the results of the BOD­­­5­ testing and the temperature of the twelve comparison, the levels of manganese and phosphate contain the highest amounts of controlled substances, in particular in one third of the samples (4 out of the 12) the level of these two substances was higher than the permitted level. Also the nitrite and iron levels in one fourth of the samples (3 out of 12) were higher than the permitted level. The levels of the BOD, pH and TDS in one sixth of the samples (2 out of 12) were also higher than the permitted level. Given the scarcity of water in Esfahan and the agriculture fields in close vicinity of Esfahan’s Steel Company, the use of the sewage water from the steel industry is unavoidable and considering the number of samples with higher than standard levels of unpermitted substances, the use of the exit sewage water for agricultural purposes with the current standards should not be permitted and it is necessary to upgrade the treatment facilities of this company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - کاهش ناحیه جدایش جریان هوا وتوربولانس در اطراف ایرفویل با استفاده از نیروهای حجمی
وحید منفرد غلامرضا تطهیری علیرضا انصاری محمد بیگدلی -
Open Access Article
306 - The Interpretation of "Public Body" in the Multilateral Trading System (WTO): A Case Study of China and the United States
Seyed Mohamad Hassan Razavi Zahra BiniazBackground and purpose: The conflicting perspectives of the United States and China in relation to the choice of the optimal economic model have resulted in international economic lawfare, which can be defined as resorting to law as an instrument to win the transnationa MoreBackground and purpose: The conflicting perspectives of the United States and China in relation to the choice of the optimal economic model have resulted in international economic lawfare, which can be defined as resorting to law as an instrument to win the transnational US-China trade war. One of the prime areas of lawfare between the United States and China in the trade war is the question of whether China’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) should be deemed as "public bodies.” This affects the applicability of WTO’s multilateral disciplines to government subsidies to China’s SOEs. The main question of the present research is the analysis of the defining criteria of the term “public body” in the interpretation of the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). Method: The present study was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. Findings and results: Three criteria for interpreting the term “public body” are discernable: a) The US favors the “government control” criteria, b) China defines its criteria based on the government's responsibility towards "government organs,” and c) the dispute settlement body has found that the criteria of “government function” based on “exercise of government authority" to be appropriate. The interpretation of the term “public body” offered by the Dispute Settlement Body has achieved a balance between the perspectives of the United States and China. Although China has complied with the Dispute Settlement Body’s interpretation in developing its national legislation, the conflict between the two economic powers has not subsided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - The Cambodian Court and Integral Criminal Justice; Approaches and Challenges
Jamal BeigiBackground and Aim: The Cambodian court is one of the courts known as mixed or international courts in terms of the participation of national sovereignty and its constituent institutions and organizations and for the purpose of integrating criminal justice influenced by MoreBackground and Aim: The Cambodian court is one of the courts known as mixed or international courts in terms of the participation of national sovereignty and its constituent institutions and organizations and for the purpose of integrating criminal justice influenced by national and international institutions, this article has been interpreted as integrated criminal justice. The purpose of this paper is therefore to identify this court as an integral criminal justice and to explain its approaches and challenges in the international system.Methodology: This research is based on descriptive and analytical method and based on library documents and resources.Findings andConclusion: The extraordinary branches of the Cambodian courts were formed in 2006 to try former Cambodian senior leaders and perpetrators of crimes committed during the democratic Kampuchea era, also known as the Khmer Rouge. During this period, at least 1.7 million people perished because of hunger, torture, execution and forced labor. Thus, crimes against humanity, genocide and blatant violations of the Four Geneva Conventions were among the most significant international crimes that the tribunal faced. The Cambodian Interim Tribunal, despite the agreement between the Cambodian Government and the United Nations, inspired by international documents and observance of legal principles, while pursuing justice, strengthening the rule of law and creating national reconciliation in Cambodia, pursued criminals, but there have also been challenges in integrating criminal justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - A Comparative Study of Processes and Challenges of Reorganization of Business Companies in Iranian Laws and Other Countries
mohsen nazemizadeh mohammad reza pasban ali radan jebelyMaintaining the continuity of companies as one of the most important players in the economy is of great importance for governments and society; thus, one of the mechanisms in the legal system of many countries to prevent the liquidation of companies is the institution o MoreMaintaining the continuity of companies as one of the most important players in the economy is of great importance for governments and society; thus, one of the mechanisms in the legal system of many countries to prevent the liquidation of companies is the institution of "reorganization". Although Iran's economic system has experienced the bankruptcy of many commercial companies in recent decades, so far the laws and regulations have not independently addressed the process and challenges of reorganization of bankrupt companies. The findings of this study indicate that the reorganization of a company has several processes that in most countries are mainly: demand for reorganization; Creditors' agreement; Court certification; Act under the supervision of the court and, finally, the issuance of the final verdict. In addition, although reorganization has a long history in most developed countries, in practice in these countries with challenges and obstacles such as: delays in announcing the cessation; Creditors' opposition; the inability of a commercial company is associated. Considering the necessity of this institution in Iran and the legal gaps in the Iranian legislative system, the present article examines the processes and challenges of reorganization of commercial companies in several countries with a comparative approach and using a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Merleau-Ponty's ‘Chiasm’ in Gary Snyder's Eco-Poems
BAHARE AARABI Negar Sharif Farid ParvanehThis research paper seeks to apply Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s eco-phenomenology to a selection of poems written by the American poet and environmental activist, Gary Snyder. 'Eco-phenomenology' is the point where philosophy and ecology meet. This almost new favored t MoreThis research paper seeks to apply Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s eco-phenomenology to a selection of poems written by the American poet and environmental activist, Gary Snyder. 'Eco-phenomenology' is the point where philosophy and ecology meet. This almost new favored trend in the academia’s perspective deals with the environmental issues from a phenomenological viewpoint. Dismantling Cartesian dualism and proposing the philosophy of 'chiasm,' Merleau-Ponty has contributed substantially to environmental ethics and has proved himself an inseparable part of eco-phenomenology.The present article focuses on one of Merleau-Ponty’s underlying theoretical premises, ‘chiasm’ to provide Snyder’s holistic and non-hierarchical worldview as the basis of his eco-poems and environmental activities. The present research paper, as a qualitative, descriptive, and library-based one, conducts both a textual and contextual analysis to bring to light a new discourse in Schneider's poetry with the focus on the mutual participation between human flesh and the ‘flesh of the world’ at moments of perception. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - The comparative study of body language in poetry of Saadi and Mutanabbi
Ali Reza BagherAlthough people talk to express their ideas, it is not the only way to do it, and they represent the majority of their ideas through their body movements and postures. This is called body language (Motion) now, and Kinesics (a modern branch of linguistics) is devoted to MoreAlthough people talk to express their ideas, it is not the only way to do it, and they represent the majority of their ideas through their body movements and postures. This is called body language (Motion) now, and Kinesics (a modern branch of linguistics) is devoted to studying it. Expressing these movements in poetry or prose makes the work rich and consistent using imagination and depiction; therefore, studying it will be useful in literary texts. The present paper has studied the body movement(Motion) comparatively in poetries by Saadi and Mutanabbi, the two talented poets. Both poets are so eminent and high in rank that they can be regarded as the best Persian and Arabic representatives respectively. Thus, such comparisons contribute greatly to the richness of comparative studies of Persian and Arabic literature. This paper clearly concluded that Saadi also in this ground in quantity and quality had been much premier than Mutanabbi and this poesy form of Saadi again is seems stronger than him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Aristotle on personal identity and mind- body problem
mozhgan محمدی malek hosseiniThe problem of mind-body is one of the most complex philosophical issues that, in the opinion of thinkers, if there is enough answer to this question, many complex and difficult philosophical issues will be solved, and human beings will achieve a comprehensive knowledge MoreThe problem of mind-body is one of the most complex philosophical issues that, in the opinion of thinkers, if there is enough answer to this question, many complex and difficult philosophical issues will be solved, and human beings will achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the nature of mankind. In addition to the ontological and causal problems posed by the mind-body issue, this issue faces mental issues with important questions such as the nature of personal identity and its relation to the body and the brain. The inability of theories in explanation due to mental and physical characteristics has led some to raise the issue of returning to the Aristotelian interpretation of mind or soul as body form. In spite of the many criticisms that Aristotle's theory posed, how he faced the problem of mind-body it helps us, to answer questions about what constitutes mental phenomena and physical states, and how is the interaction of our body and mind. His views also have many strengths points in solving the problem of personal identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - the attitude of sadra and descartes to the knowledge of self – existence
Marzieh Abdoli Masinan zahra hadadiknowledge of soul as the first knowledge obtained for man attention span of the philosophers and trying to explain the nature of it . this knowledge is in the philosophical system of sadra and descartes is of particular importance . personal science , criteria , and sca Moreknowledge of soul as the first knowledge obtained for man attention span of the philosophers and trying to explain the nature of it . this knowledge is in the philosophical system of sadra and descartes is of particular importance . personal science , criteria , and scale in matching these two schools , for attaining knowledge of certainty . in this research cognitive knowledge with rational method the attitude of descartes and mulla sadra to self - consciousness the inability to recognize himself The reasoning for self - presence , the ratio of intuition and presence library method gather data using descriptive , analytical and cash flows processed and similarities and differences has been extracted . the study of their works became apparent both thinkers reject inductive recognition Out of breath . intuition is through collecting self knowledge into their nature . according to sadra 's philosophical foundations, the science of self - confidence , it is possible only by personal knowledge ; but according to descartes ' principles and methods , descartes ,and his lack of knowledge should be shared by the division of science and the lack of belief in principles It is necessary to have a person in person like originality , carrying on intuition in this strange school . so the knowledge of self in these two philosophical systems , despite the similarities , possessing considerable distinction . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - The Priority of Self over Body from the Viewpoints of Mulla Sadrā and ‘Allāmah Majlisī
سیده مریم کطائیان موسی ملایریAcquiring knowledge and wisdom is the most important characteristic of human being which is intensely commanded by the Islamic tradition. However, from what kind of knowledge shall we start our quest? and to which unknown shall we deal with? Surely self-knowledge is the MoreAcquiring knowledge and wisdom is the most important characteristic of human being which is intensely commanded by the Islamic tradition. However, from what kind of knowledge shall we start our quest? and to which unknown shall we deal with? Surely self-knowledge is the most vital knowledge which is accompanied by divine and transcendental values for men, therefore Islamic philosophers and thinkers have seriously dealt with it. One of the most significant issues, in this respect, is createdness and eternity of the self. Mulla Sadrā, among the Islamic philosophers, and ‘Allāmah Majlisī, among the traditionists, have dealt with this issue in their works. There are common points in their views by which the two streams, i.e. philosophy and tradition, could be close together. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Body and its nexus to the Perception in Mulla’s perspective
Ali Reza Hassan pour Zahra EmamyIslamic philosophers, particularly, Peripatetic, on the basis of relation between the soul and the body and their essence, have regarded the perception as the act of the soul, not of the body. Accordingly, the soul's knowledge to the body is the acquired knowledge. Howe MoreIslamic philosophers, particularly, Peripatetic, on the basis of relation between the soul and the body and their essence, have regarded the perception as the act of the soul, not of the body. Accordingly, the soul's knowledge to the body is the acquired knowledge. However, Mulla Sadra maintains that the soul's knowledge to the body is like a self-consciousness which should be considered as knowledge by presence. He holds that the body is not only the object of the soul's knowledge by presence and its self-consciousness, but also it contributes to all levels of perception; so far once the body has been faced a disorder, every level of perception, even the rational one, will be subjected to change. In this paper, firstly, Sadra’s doctrine on the types of body will be explained, and then we will deal with the problem of soul's knowledge to the body and the role of body in perception. Secondly, we will come to the conclusion that the body is the one stage of the soul's various levels, not a substance separated from it. This allows us to assert that the role and the contribution of the body in perception, though not the same as that of the soul in perception, it is not less than that; and one detaches from the idea that the soul plays the role in perception solely. In fact, Sadra’s knowledge of the soul is not merely a suvey of the soul; it is also an explanation of the human essence which is not plausible without paying attention to corporeal dimension of human being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The role of the body in appearance of sensory perception in Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra’s perspectives
Javad Parsaee Hossein GhafariThe first level in acquired knowledge which is achieved by human beings, is sensory knowledge. By sensual knowledge, the imaginary and rational knowledge are made. Hence, discussion on the quality of sensual perception is important. Since the sensory knowledge is provid MoreThe first level in acquired knowledge which is achieved by human beings, is sensory knowledge. By sensual knowledge, the imaginary and rational knowledge are made. Hence, discussion on the quality of sensual perception is important. Since the sensory knowledge is provided by external senses, the question arises about the process of emergence of perceptions, what role does the body and its faculties play? Do the body and its faculties have played a role in itself or by accident? Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra's discussion on psychology and knowledge and perception has certain principles which lead to the different views on this issue. first of all, in this paper Mulla Sadra and Avicenna’s elements on the question have been explained and then their approach to the body role in appearance of sensual knowledge has been taken into consideration. As a result, according to Avicenna’s sensual perception is material and done by the brain, therefore, the body and its faculties have the main role in emergence of the perception, but according to Mulla Sadra, sensual perception is immaterial entirely, and body and its faculties are regarded as an instrument and preparatory cause. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Metempsychosis and Metamorphosis in Transcendent Theosophy
علی ارشد ریاحی افسانه صباغانIn this article the consistency of proving the absurdity of metempsychosis (tanāsukh) and believing in metamorphosis (maskh) will be surveyed. So, after defining the metempsychosis and mentioning its divisions, we collect all reasons why the transcendenttheosophists rej MoreIn this article the consistency of proving the absurdity of metempsychosis (tanāsukh) and believing in metamorphosis (maskh) will be surveyed. So, after defining the metempsychosis and mentioning its divisions, we collect all reasons why the transcendenttheosophists reject the idea of metempsychosis as absurd. Then, regarding the opinions of these philosophers about the nature and reality of the metamorphosis, we show that those reasons are not fit for rejecting the metamorphosis. Finally we come to this result that proving the absurdity of metempsychosis and believing in metamorphosis are completely consistent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - The Nature of Body according to the Philosophy of Illumination and Peripatetic Philosophy
جعفر شانظری حسن عزیزیTo understand the nature of corporeal substance and its definition is one of the most fundamental issues of philosophy which has drawn Muslim philosophers’ attention to itself. Avicenna, as one of the greatest Peripatetic philosophers, analyzes the well-known defi MoreTo understand the nature of corporeal substance and its definition is one of the most fundamental issues of philosophy which has drawn Muslim philosophers’ attention to itself. Avicenna, as one of the greatest Peripatetic philosophers, analyzes the well-known definition of body– according to the philosophical and logical principles of Peripatetics– and brings a new definition. However, Shahāb al-Dīn Suhravardī criticizes the Peripatetics’ view and suggests another definition which is basically different from that of Avicenna and other Peripatetics. This article analyzes the view of Peripatetics and gives an account of Mullā Ṣadrā’s view on the theory of Shaikh Ishrāq. Finally it compares the success and achievement of these theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - The inclusion of representational theories about phenomenal features
Mahdi Homazadeh AbyanehThe paper deals with a particular group of objections against representational theories about phenomenal experiences. The author, primarily, illustrates the importance of representational theories and clarifies some helpful categories of representational versions which MoreThe paper deals with a particular group of objections against representational theories about phenomenal experiences. The author, primarily, illustrates the importance of representational theories and clarifies some helpful categories of representational versions which has used in the paper. Then, it focuses on an especial group of objections against the inclusion of these theories. This group of objections undermines the inclusion of representationalism about "bodily sensations" and "intentional states". Opponents, in fact, make some doubts that representational approach cannot explain the phenomenal character of bodily sensations and intentional states. The paper has described these two difficulties, the first one has been discussed among scholars and the later represented by the author. It, finally, peruses the actual and potential responses of representationalists and, then, concludes that representational theories can come over the objections about bodily sensations, but they should give some explaination in order to unravel the objections about intentional states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Barriers to Participation of Developing Countries in the WTO's Dispute Settlement System
Dydokht Sadeghi – Haghighi Leila ReisiAbstract Understanding of the WTO dispute settlement was developed in 1995 and aimed to establish a coherent legal system based on equal access of all member states to the settlement of disputes and make decisions based on rules rather than decision-making by economic MoreAbstract Understanding of the WTO dispute settlement was developed in 1995 and aimed to establish a coherent legal system based on equal access of all member states to the settlement of disputes and make decisions based on rules rather than decision-making by economic powers. Over three quarters of WTO members are developing countries, which they have weak economic systems. Therefore, a provision in the understanding as “special and differential treatment” is considered, upon which the concessions were granted to developing countries aimed at creating a favorable context for increased involvement of these countries in the DSB. But to benefit from these advantages and protections granted by dispute settlement mechanisms, the developing countries face problems and challenges that led to their limited participation in this body. This article assumes that the developing countries has failed to benefit from the dispute settlement mechanisms and concludes that there are real political, commercial problems and domestic limits that must be overcome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - PROFESSOR MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN HAKIMI MEIBODY
Motahareh Esfandyari -
Open Access Article
321 - Risk Identification and Analysis Based on the Integrated Approach of PMBOK and RFMEA in Petrochemical Industry Projects
Masoud Najmi Hasan Mehrmanesh Nosratollah ShadnoushNowadays, as projects become more complex, uncertainty in the implementation of projects also increases. Project risk includes threats to project goals. Risk management is one of the main parts of strategic management of any project and includes processes through which MoreNowadays, as projects become more complex, uncertainty in the implementation of projects also increases. Project risk includes threats to project goals. Risk management is one of the main parts of strategic management of any project and includes processes through which risks related to activities can be identified methodically. The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze risk, using the integrated approach of PMBOK and RFMEA methods in petrochemical industry projects. The statistical population consists of employer, contract management, engineering consultant, and contractors of the Kermanshah petrochemical industries company. Of whom 10 were selected for the qualitative part and 248 were selected for the quantitative part (regression analysis). Questionnaires were handed to the selected population. 220 of which, were filled out and returned acceptably. As a result, a total of 22 risks were identified as critical risks (with RPN of 1) and the role of management, organizational, and environmental factors in risk management was investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Comparing the Effectiveness of CBT and ACT on Weight Loss and Quality of Life among overwheight women
Abolfazl BakhshipoorPrevious studies demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on weight loss. Aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on MorePrevious studies demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on weight loss. Aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on body mass index (BMI) and quality of life among overweight women. Forty five women with overweight were selected through convenience sampling and allocated in two experiment groups of CBT and ACT, and one control group. BMI, quality of life, and demographic questionnaire were examined in pretest, posttest and six months follow-up. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Findings demonstrated that BMI was significantly lower in experiment groups in comparison of control group in posttest and follow-up. However no significant difference in BMI were found between CBT and ACT groups in posttest and follow-up. Findings also showed that subscales of quality of life were significantly higher among participants in intervention groups in comparison of control group in posttest and follow-up. Furthermore, participants in ACT group had significantly higher levels of quality of life and mental health in comparison of CBT group. Both interventions had significant effectiveness in weightloss however ACT group had more significant effectiveness in some indicators of quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - The effect of selected aerobic exercise training on quality of life, depression and Body composition women with hypothyroidism
Mahsa Safaei Mandana Gholami Keyvan MollanoruziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of step aerobic exercise on quality of life, depression and body composition of women with hypothyroidism. Semi-experimental research was performed. Thirty women with hypothyroidism who had mild depression and taki MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of step aerobic exercise on quality of life, depression and body composition of women with hypothyroidism. Semi-experimental research was performed. Thirty women with hypothyroidism who had mild depression and taking levothyroxine sodium. three sessions per week. Body mass, fat percentage, fat mass, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, as well as quality of life and depression were evaluated before and after eight weeks of aerobic training. Independent t-test was used for the difference between the variables. Significant increase in quality of life and decrease in depression and improvement of body composition. Decreasing changes in depression and body mass BMI, skin index, fat percentage, fat mass were significant only in the experimental group and did not have a significant effect on the control group. There was no significant effect in the WHR experimental group and control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The effect of rumination on sleep quality: The mediating role of Internet addiction and sleep deprivation in Iranian bodybuilding athletes
Kazem Cheragh birjandi Javad SharafiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rumination on sleep quality: The mediating role of Internet addiction and sleep deprivation in Iranian bodybuilding athletes. The research method is descriptive . The statistical population of the study included bod MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rumination on sleep quality: The mediating role of Internet addiction and sleep deprivation in Iranian bodybuilding athletes. The research method is descriptive . The statistical population of the study included bodybuilding athletes in Iran. Due to the infinity of the statistical population, the number of samples according to Morgan's table was 384 people and the sampling method was used as a multi-stage cluster. The research instruments included the Nalen Hoksma and Murrow (1991) rumination questionnaire, the Tuckman (2002) procrastination questionnaire, the Kimberly & Young (1998) Internet addiction questionnaire, and the Petersburg (1998) sleep quality questionnaire. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaires, 30 copies were distributed in a pilot study on a randomly selected sample and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for rumination (α = 0.80), procrastination (α = 0.81), addiction to Internet (α = 0.79) and for sleep quality (α = 0.82) were obtained. The results showed that Internet addiction has a mediating role in the relationship between rumination and sleep quality in Iranian bodybuilding athletes. But the sleep procrastination variable does not play a mediating role. Also, the structural model of the research showed a favorable fit according to the value of GOF = 0.48 index. Therefore, it is recommended that bodybuilding athletes to improve the quality of sleep to minimize the role of virtual tools in their leisure time and use activities that reduce their rumination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Intelligent Hybrid Heuristic-Metaheuristic Algorithm for Lifetime Extension in Wireless Body Area Networks
Pouya Aryai Ahmad Khademzadeh Somayyeh Jafarali Jassbi Mehdi Hosseinzadeh -
Open Access Article
326 - Sociological Explanation of Factors Affecting Body Management (Case Study: Men between 18 and 45 years old in Tehran)
Ali Nouri alireza mohsenitabriziThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management among men 18 to 45 in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management among men 18 to 45 in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to appearances. body as a tool of expressing identity becomes more crucial. Theories of Goffman, Giddens, Elias, Bourdieu and Bandura formed the theoretical framework of this research. Statistical population was the members of body building gyms in Tehran and the size of random sample was 384 (Cochran’ formula was used). Survey method was used for explaining the impact of social factors on the body management. Necessary informations were collected through questionnare and its reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha statistic. Statistical tests which are applied in this research is correlation. Correlation test between two variables of cultural capital and body management expressed that this relation is viceversa. Although, different ideas which have been considered in researeh and there is a direct relation between body management & cultural capital in other findings but it should be noticed conversely people who have less knowledge & socio-economic status use improper ways for changing of their appearance. Correlation between body management and learning behavior of others showed that the direct relationship between two variables. showing the socioeconomic status and displaying the appearance of others) in relation to body management, showed a direct and meaningful relationship between these variables and the dependent variable of body management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Social Changes of Distinction and Costs of Body Management with Grounded Theory Approach (Case study; Gorgan women)
mahbobeh ilvari Afsaneh EdrisiThe purpose of this study is finding out the women’s motivation of accepting high costs of body management, the study is done with the qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Data collection method was unstructured interview, which was done with 15 MoreThe purpose of this study is finding out the women’s motivation of accepting high costs of body management, the study is done with the qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Data collection method was unstructured interview, which was done with 15 women in Gorgan who had experience of body management. To choose the interviewees, the targeted sampling method was used, which requires sequential sampling called snowball. The results showed that the acceptance of body management costs is caused by family support, the compelling power on the family and rejection of the status of an adult woman. The effective factors on the acceptance of the body management costs are feeling humiliated, advertisement, following media, doctors’ role and social comparison. Having access to personal financial resources, lower position of women in the society and a way of compensating other weaknesses are of effective factors on the acceptance of body management costs which will lead to searching to find surgeons and barbers, spending time to find body management centers and getting the other people to confirm. The results of such actions and reaction is being distinct, gaining personal identity, seeking superiority, vertical mobility of social classes and the promotion of self- confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Evaluating the effect of the characteristics of the hospital body on the stress of patients (Study sample: patients admitted to Isar Ardabil Hospital)
Abbas Armantalab Tohid Hatami Khanghahi Akbar Abravesh Vahid VaziriThis research investigated the effect of the body of the hospital spaces on stress in neuropsychiatric patients. From the statistical population, which includes all male patients (veterans and non-veterans) hospitalized in Isar Neuropsychiatric Hospital of Ardabil, a sa MoreThis research investigated the effect of the body of the hospital spaces on stress in neuropsychiatric patients. From the statistical population, which includes all male patients (veterans and non-veterans) hospitalized in Isar Neuropsychiatric Hospital of Ardabil, a sample of 50 people was selected by available sampling during May to July 2019. For data analysis, multiple linear regression model was used, with 10 physical indicators of patient room architecture as independent variables and patients' stress level as dependent variable. The independent variables were evaluated by architectural experts and the 21-question DASS-21 questionnaire was used to calculate the amount of patients' stress. Natural light, control of disturbing noises, "variety in the shape, color and material of furniture" and the position of the patient's bed compared to other beds, furniture and openings respectively had the greatest impact on reducing patients' stress. In the case of veteran patients, artificial light, natural light, distance to the toilet, "the position of the patient's bed in relation to other beds, furniture and openings", control of disturbing sounds, and "variety in the shape, color and material of furniture" have the most impact on Veteran patients had a reduction in stress. In the case of non-veteran patients, only "natural light" had a significant effect on stress reduction. The findings showed that the architecture of interior spaces had a significant effect on reducing stress. Also, this effect is different between veteran and non-veteran groups. The effect rate was higher for veteran patients than for non-veteran patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Meta-analysis of Iranian society's tendency to manage the body
Tahereh Jahanparvar طاها عشایریThe body is a social category and a bio-cultural thing. In proportion to the culture and norm of society, the body also changes. In today's world, the body has become an important thing in social relations, social health and a cheerful lifestyle, as well as gaining soci MoreThe body is a social category and a bio-cultural thing. In proportion to the culture and norm of society, the body also changes. In today's world, the body has become an important thing in social relations, social health and a cheerful lifestyle, as well as gaining social status and approval. Social, the body has become more the focus of society, the current study using meta-analysis method seeks to investigate the reasons for the tendency of Iranian society to manage the body. The statistical population is 68 documents, of which 39 researches were selected by deliberate-judgmental method in the period of 1387 to 1400. Findings in the descriptive section show that in 1392, the most study (23%) was done in this period and was performed in Tehran (23%). Women were the main target of the study (69%) and the research method was cluster type (41%). The tendency to change in the body (body management) is high (35%), medium (29%) and low (36%). The effect size of studies from 39 studies indicates that media resources, cultural capital, social capital, capital, structural resources, consumption style, psychological factors, differentiation, socialization and underlying factors have a significant effect on Iranians' tendency to manage the body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Sociological analysis of sports performance with self-acceptance and body management approach in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding)
Hassan Esfandiar Jahromi Bahram Ghadimi zahra alipourdarvishi Shahla Hojat Massoumeh shojaeiThe purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of social changes sports performance with the approach of self-acceptance and body management in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding) and to implement it, a combined research method wi MoreThe purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of social changes sports performance with the approach of self-acceptance and body management in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding) and to implement it, a combined research method with an exploratory design has been used. First, 49 people were interviewed in the qualitative part of the research using the grounded theory technique of Strauss and Corbin model. Then, in the quantitative section, questionnaires were prepared and distributed to 120 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.977). In this output, structural equation modeling from Smart PLS software was used and specific research paths were studied in accordance with the conceptual model. The quantitative index of the quantitative model is 0.088 and indicates the strong desirability of the model, which is considered as a criterion for the validity of the theory based on. Results of qualitative section findings in the form of 6 concepts: causal conditions including: weakness of personality traits; Axial phenomenon: self-acceptance and lack of self-confidence; Intervention conditions: the role of friends and mentors; Background: Girl Athlete Habit; Actions and Interactions: Body Management; Consequences: A feeling of self-satisfaction and approval of others. According to the findings, the exaggeration of female bodybuilders is due to the awareness and feelings of bodybuilders, the family and society towards the phenomenon of bodybuilding, which this type of feedback behavior is obtained from a negative attitude in interactions and interpersonal relationships. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - An implicit finite difference scheme for analyzing the effect of body acceleration on pulsatile blood flow through a stenosed artery
A. Haghighi N. Aliashrafi N. Asghary -
Open Access Article
332 - بررسی تاثیر کم آبیاری و نیتروژن بر ساختار رویشی و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی اکوتیپهای حنا در منطقه جیرفت
حسن سرحدی زهرا مختاریبه منظور بررسی فنولوژی اکوتیپ های گیاه حنا با مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن و آبیاری کم، آزمایشی در قالب کرت های خرد شده کاملا تصادفی در 4 تکرار در مزرعه و در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. تنش کم آبیاری عامل اصلی (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، نیتروژن عامل ثانویه (شامل 50، Moreبه منظور بررسی فنولوژی اکوتیپ های گیاه حنا با مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن و آبیاری کم، آزمایشی در قالب کرت های خرد شده کاملا تصادفی در 4 تکرار در مزرعه و در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. تنش کم آبیاری عامل اصلی (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، نیتروژن عامل ثانویه (شامل 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم) است. نیتروژن خالص در هکتار در سه سطح و عوامل فرعی (شامل بمی، بوشهری و رودباری) بررسی شد و نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که هر سه عامل بر وزن برگ، کل، وزن خشک برگ و وزن خشک کل در سطح آماری 1 درصد تأثیر معنیداری داشتند. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق و اهمیت استفاده از ارقام و اکوتیپ های مقاوم به خشکی با استفاده از 150 نیتروژن در هکتار به ترتیب 9.77 و 2.37 تن تعیین شد. مدیریت بهینه مصرف کود به منظور حفظ محیط زیست و افزایش ماده موثره گیاه حنا کشت شده در اکوتیپ بامی تحت تنش خشکی 75 درصد نیاز آبی و مصرف 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و بدون تنش با استفاده از برگ حنا اکوتیپ باری با مصرف 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در همین منطقه و شرایط توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - بررسی تاثیر کم آبیاری و نیتروژن بر ساختار رویشی و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی اکوتیپهای حنا در منطقه جیرفت
حسن سرحدی زهرا مختاریبه منظور بررسی فنولوژی اکوتیپ های گیاه حنا با مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن و آبیاری کم، آزمایشی در قالب کرت های خرد شده کاملا تصادفی در 4 تکرار در مزرعه و در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. تنش کم آبیاری عامل اصلی (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، نیتروژن عامل ثانویه (شامل 50، Moreبه منظور بررسی فنولوژی اکوتیپ های گیاه حنا با مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن و آبیاری کم، آزمایشی در قالب کرت های خرد شده کاملا تصادفی در 4 تکرار در مزرعه و در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. تنش کم آبیاری عامل اصلی (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، نیتروژن عامل ثانویه (شامل 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم) است. نیتروژن خالص در هکتار در سه سطح و عوامل فرعی (شامل بمی، بوشهری و رودباری) بررسی شد و نتایج تجزیه واریانس در سطح آماری 1 درصد نشان داد که هر سه عامل بر وزن برگ، کل، وزن خشک برگ و وزن خشک کل تأثیر معنیداری داشتند. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق و اهمیت استفاده از ارقام و اکوتیپ های مقاوم به خشکی با استفاده از 150 نیتروژن در هکتار به ترتیب 9.77 و 2.37 تن تعیین شد. مدیریت بهینه مصرف کود به منظور حفظ محیط زیست و افزایش ماده موثره گیاه حنا کشت شده در اکوتیپ بامی تحت تنش خشکی 75 درصد نیاز آبی و مصرف 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و بدون تنش با استفاده از برگ حنا اکوتیپ باری با مصرف 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در همین منطقه و شرایط توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Investigation on nutritional value and fatty acid composition of the black Pomfret Parastromateus niger muscle tissue in Bushehr coasts
Esmaeil Pagheh Mohammad EslamiBlack pomfret is the species with high commercial value in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this fish. 12 fish pieces with mean weight 754 gram purchased from Bushehr fishi MoreBlack pomfret is the species with high commercial value in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this fish. 12 fish pieces with mean weight 754 gram purchased from Bushehr fishing ground were evaluated. Crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture contents were measured using AOAC (1990) standard methods, and fatty acid composition analyzed using Murph (1993) method. The results showed that the mean of crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture contents in the meat of this fish was 21.38, 0.25, 1.62 and 72.06 percent respectively. 29 fatty acids identified in the muscle of this species among which saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids contents were 35.19, 16.73 and 41.24 percent of total fatty acids respectively. The most abundant saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (20.14 percent), oleic acid (11.91 percent) and docosa hexaenoic acid (23.37 percent) respectively. The ω3 to ω6 and poly unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratios were 12.9 and 1.20 respectively. The results showed that this species is an excellent source of protein and lean fish but contain high amounts of ω3 and poly unsaturated fatty acids therefore can consume in Iranian families as a safe and nutritious seafood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The effect of gelatin coating on fatty acid and proximate composition of Otlithes ruber(Bloch & schneider,1801) during refrigerated-storage(4 ± 1 ° C)
mahboobeh hassanzadehThe protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfi MoreThe protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfishes (Otlithes ruber) were carried out during 20 days of preservation at a temperature of 4 ± 1° C. the treatments included raw, treatment of gelatin and Gelatin-free treatment, for this purpose samples were coated with a concentration of 10 % of gelatin and then they were packed inside plastic bags and stored at 4 c in the laboratory refrigerator. in the days of 0 - 5 - 10 – 15, three replicates and 3 treatments were tested and the index changes were determined by tiobarbitoric acid, peroxide, approximate analysis, fatty acids. the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in body composition influenced by gelatin and other group(P > 0.05). The results of the oxidation index showed that the oxidation rate in samples containing gelatin coating was higher than the observed sample. saturated fatty acids(SFA) were the main class of fatty acids followed by Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). In general coated slices (CS) had higher content of EPA and DHA when compared to non-coated slices (NCS). The results of the beneficial effects of gelatin as a natural and safe cover in fish meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Affecting Factors on the Risk of Car Body Insurance (Dana Insurance Agents of Babol)
N. A. Yadollahzadeh Tabari F. NazariSince the issuance of auto insurance and claims paid to insurer is large, study and identification of the most important factors affecting the risk of autobody insurance is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the affecting factors on the risk of auto bod MoreSince the issuance of auto insurance and claims paid to insurer is large, study and identification of the most important factors affecting the risk of autobody insurance is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the affecting factors on the risk of auto body insurance in Dana Company at Babol City in the year 2012. Due to the qualitative nature of the dependent variable, for the analysis a logistic model and the data of a simple random sample of 330 insurance buyers were used. The result showed that gender and type of vehicle have statistically significant effect on auto insurance risk. So if buyer is a female, the probability of accident will decrease and if a vehicle is privately owned, the risk of accident will increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Perconcentration of Mercury (II) from Natural Water by Activated Charcol -loaded Schiff’s Base 2-Propylpiperidine-1-Carbodithioate (PPCD) Phases
A. Moghimi -
Open Access Article
338 - Changes in the Level of Asprosin as a Novel Adipocytokine after Different Types of Resistance Training
Mohammad Jahangiri shahnaz shahrbanian Anthony C. Hackney -
Open Access Article
339 - Effect of Aerobic Exercise of Walking on Weight and BMI During Pregnancy
Tayyebeh Zarezadeh Nematallah Nemati -
Open Access Article
340 - The Effects of Eight Weeks of Submaximal Running and High-fat Diet on IL-6 Gene Expression in the Muscle Tissue of Male Rats
Shima Ebadi Ardeshir ZafariIt seems that the release of IL-6 from the contracting muscles and accumulation in the blood circulation has a close relationship with the duration and intensity of physical activity. The aime of this experimental study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of sub MoreIt seems that the release of IL-6 from the contracting muscles and accumulation in the blood circulation has a close relationship with the duration and intensity of physical activity. The aime of this experimental study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of submaximal running and high-fat diet on IL-6 gene expression levels in the muscle tissue of an animal model. At the end of the two-week period of keeping under controlled conditions, 40 two-month-old male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of control, high-fat diet, submaximal running, and a combination of high-fat diet and submaximal running. The training groups participated in the aerobic running protocol on the treadmill for five days a week for eight weeks. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the levels of IL-6 gene expression in muscle tissue. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine between-group differences. The effects of high-fat diet and running with submaximal intensity on IL-6 gene expression in muscle tissue are significant. The consumption of high-fat food causes adverse changes in the expression of IL-6 gene, but eight weeks of running with sub-maximal intensity moderates the adverse effects of high-fat diet and creates favorable changes in the expression of IL-6 gene and body weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Caspian Bebt-toed Gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium (Sauria: Gekkonidae)
ویدا حجتی کاظم پریور اسکندر رستگارپویانی عبدالحسین شیرویThe Caspian bent-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran which consider to widespread distribution of it especially in the Northernprovinces, no studies have been done on its reproduction. This research was done in order to t MoreThe Caspian bent-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran which consider to widespread distribution of it especially in the Northernprovinces, no studies have been done on its reproduction. This research was done in order to the study of sexual dimorphism of this species in Sari County from May 5th to October 20th 2011. During this research, 140 specimens including 70 adult males and 70 adult females were studied. Results show that the adult males in addition of having the apparent femoral and preanal pores, are heavier than females and have the larger body, head and tail length. There is no significant difference between diets of males and females. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The Study of Body Composition of Boy Swimmers of Sports Supplements Consumption
M. Darvish Khadem T. Bagherpour N. NematiToday, the use of dietary supplements by athletes to perform better athletic skills has earned a special reputation through acceleration of losing weight and fat loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Keratin on body composition swimmer MoreToday, the use of dietary supplements by athletes to perform better athletic skills has earned a special reputation through acceleration of losing weight and fat loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Keratin on body composition swimmers. In this study, 20 male swimmers in aged between 20 to 30 years were selected as subjects. The participants had been explained about what they should be doing and consent was signed by them. Then, the factors of height, weight and body composition were measured. Subjects were matched regarding their age, weight and height then they were randomly assigned to the experimental group including 10 subjects and a control group including 10 subjects. The experimental group and the control group were trained during of 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, meeting one hour). The Creatine group was consumption 20 grams of Creatine in four servings of 5 grams in grape juice where in the first serving was in the morning, the second serving was before a workout at 14:15 (45 minutes before the workout), the third serving was at a few time after the exercise about 16:30 and the fourth serving was before sleeping, but the days when they had no practice, they were taking only in the morning. The placebo group, consumed four servings of 4 grams (2 grams of rice flour and 2 grams of starch) dissolved in apple juice at the same time as in the Creatine group. Body fat percentage of both groups was measured by using calipers and measured three-point method and then training protocol was carried out and all the practice sessions was done to repeat this protocol. Then after 8-weeks swimming training, percentage of body fat were measured and recorded again. After analyzing data using independent t-test and t-test results showed that the group that had consumed Creatine was significant decrease in body fat percentage in the post-test compared with pre-test and so between the two groups, group taking Creatine were significant decrease in percent body fat compared with exercise training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Comparison of Six Weeks of Weight Training with a Combination of Beta Hydroxy-Beta Methyl Butyrate and Creatine Supplement and Two Weeks of Non-training on Body Composition and Muscle Function Factors in male Powerlifting Athletes
Mojtaba Darvishkhadem Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiThis study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided MoreThis study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. The HMB group had 3 grams of the supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, the creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day, and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 gr of the creatine supplement. A Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. Comparison between groups showed that there was not a significant difference in body fat percentage, lower body muscle strength, and muscle endurance between the four groups of weight training, creatine supplementation, HMB supplementation, and HMB + Cr supplementation in the post-test and two weeks of non-training. Also, the comparison between the groups showed that There was a significant difference in upper body muscle strength in the post-test, between the HMB + Cr group and the weight training group, the HMB + Cr group and the creatine group, the HMB + Cr group and the HMB group and Also in two weeks of non-training, between HMB + Cr group and weight training group, HMB + Cr group and creatine group, HMB + Cr group and HMB group, also comparison between groups showed that in two weeks of non-training, there was a significant difference in lower body muscle endurance between the weight training group, and HMB, the weight training group and HMB + Cr. It seems that six weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplements and two weeks of non-training can lead to a reduction in body fat percentage and improved muscle function factors in male powerlifters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Efficacy and Antibody Titers Response of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Bivalent Vaccine Against; Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri
Seyed Abdolhamid Hosseini Mojtaba Alishahi Seyed Mohammad Jalil Zorrieh Zahra Abolhassan Rastiannasab Roghaye Mahmoudi Eisa Falahat Naserabad Esmaeel KazemiStreptococcosis and Yersiniosis are important diseases for the aquaculture industry for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout to vaccination with the bivalent vaccine of Streptococcus/ Ye MoreStreptococcosis and Yersiniosis are important diseases for the aquaculture industry for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout to vaccination with the bivalent vaccine of Streptococcus/ Yersinios were investigated. Three hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (25±2g) were randomly divided into four equal groups in triplicates. Treatments contain Streptococcosis vaccine, Yersiniosis vaccine, bivalent vaccine, and control group. Fish in vaccinated treatment intraperitoneally injected with 100 microliter vaccine on the first day. The control group was injected with sterile PBS, identical to the vaccinated group. Blood samples were collected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups at days 0, 30, and 60 of the study, and antibody titer was subsequently performed. Sixty days after initial immunization, all groups were challenged by a lethal dose of Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri, mortality rate was calculated and compared among the groups for 14 days. These results indicated high antibody levels in the vaccinated fish at day 30 and 60 post-immunization using both vaccines(p<0.05). However, this amount was fewer at day 60 than day 30. The percentage of trout cumulative mortality after the challenge with Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri showed a significant decrease in vaccinated groups compared to the control treatment. In general, it can be concluded that the administration of bivalent Streptococosis/Yersiniosis vaccine to the rainbow trout provided appropriate protection against disease and effectively induced the immune response against these two diseases, which is comparable to either of the vaccines separately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - The Effect of Intense Functional Interval Training with Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Consumption on Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Women
Fatemeh Shabkhiz Maryam Dalirani Hamideh TazeshiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 groups including: 1- exercise, 2- sour tea and exercise, 3- sour tea, 4- exercise + placebo and 5- control. The training protocol in the training groups included 250 meters rowing with an ergometer, immediately swinging a 13 kg kettlebell and sitting and standing with 13 kg dumbbells. In the present study, dried sepal powder of sour tea plant was used as a supplement, and each tablespoon was equivalent to 3 grams. For data analysis, SPSS 21, Exell 2010 softwares and covariance and T-correlated statistical tests were used at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the intra-group changes of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage after two weeks of training were significant in the training, training + supplement and training + placebo groups (p ≤ 0.05), but in the supplement group and the control group. The changes were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). Also, inter-group changes showed a significant difference between the control group and the training, supplement+training, supplement and training + placebo groups in triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). Despite this, the intergroup changes of insulin resistance were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). According to the results of the present study, overweight people are suggested to use various and effective exercises such as HIFT and sour tea supplements in order to lose weight and improve their metabolism profile and body composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Evaluation of Antibody Titer from Newcastle Vaccine and Histological Effect in Sebright Chickens
Kimia Karimi Sani Mehdi Rezaei Mohammadreza HossenchiNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important viral disease which make lots of casualty in poultry flocks. Therefor vaccination against ND is the main way to prevents the damages. The aim of this research was evaluation of antibody titer from ND vaccines and histo MoreNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important viral disease which make lots of casualty in poultry flocks. Therefor vaccination against ND is the main way to prevents the damages. The aim of this research was evaluation of antibody titer from ND vaccines and histopathological effects in Sebright chickens. In this research, 72 one-day-old Sebright chickens were tested in a completely random format in two groups (with three replications). From day one to the end of period, the breeding conditions were the same for all quails and the differences between the groups were only in the Newcastle disease vaccination program. Vaccination in the first group was based on using: Clone ND vaccine in day old (eye drop), injection of ND/AI + Clone ND (eye drop) in day 8 and using Avinew vaccine (drinking water) in day 15. The second group was considered as the control group (without vaccination). Blood samples were taken at day 25 and 35 and evaluated by HI test. Also, a sample was taken from the intestine and a histopathology specimen was prepared. The results of statistical analysis by Tukey test showed that the mean titer of Newcastle antibody in the vaccinated groups was significantly different (p < 0.01). Also, the results of morphometry and morphology of Newcastle vaccine in the intestinal tissue in the vaccinated groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study presents as a strategy in terms of antibody production and histological effects after vaccination in Sebright farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Effect of Four Weeks of Aerobic Training and Triphala Supplementation on Levels of Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Obese and Overweight Girls
N. Bijeh F. Korepaz mashhadi F. DareiniSupplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile an MoreSupplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile and body composition in obese and overweight girls. In this quasi-experimental study, 36 obese and overweight girls were selected based on certain criteria and randomly divided into four groups: 1) exercise + placebo 2) supplement 3) exercise + supplement 4) placebo. The first and the third groups performed the aerobic exercises for 4 weeks, and the second and third groups consumed 10 grams of triphala daily in the same period. Blood sampling and physical examination were performed to measure the variables 48 hours before and after the research's protocol. The data were analyzed by paired sample t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at the significance level of 0.05. The present study significantly decreased lipid profiles including cholesterol (p = 0.0012), triglyceride (p = 0.039), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.001), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.004), very low density lipoprotein (p = 0.05), WC (p = 0.009) and body fat percent (p = 0.025) in the placebo + exercise group. Also, the significant decrease in fasting glucose index (p = 0.043), WHR (p = 0.001), WC (p = 0.042) and body fat percent (p = 0.001) was seen in the supplement group. Significant decrease was indicated in glucose level (P = 0.003), WC (p = 0.015), body fat percent (p = 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.020) in the supplement + exercise group. Considering the significant reduction in body fat percentage and some anthropometric indices in the experimental groups, it was suggested that the obese girls use triphala supplement in addition to the aerobic exercises to improve their body composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - A Comparative Study of the Novel " The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange " and " The Memories of the Body " Based on Jacques Lacan's Theory
Faezeh Arab Yussef Abadi Tayyebeh Koochek Zehi Sorayya Issa ZaeeAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of bot MoreAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of both authors in mixing love and saga. The aim of this research is to draw a comparison between these two works in an attempt to portray the unity of contemporary human demands and the consistency of life issues in the present era. To this purpose, a descriptive analytical method along with library method have been adopted. The objective of the present research is to explore the main characters of these two novels from a psychoanalytical perspective based on American school of comparative literature and Jacqueline Lacan's three psychoanalytic orders. The results suggest that the process of emotional development of the main character in both works follows three stages. The imaginary stage starts in the pre-war era, which is manifested in the form of love for mother and maternal archetype of the motherland that are interwoven. Following the war and martyrdom of the loved ones, they are brought into symbolic stage. In adulthood, these issues arouse a feeling of loss and endless desire, which is partially healed by displaying love to a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Contrasted Methodology of Kashfol Asrar of Meybody and Almizan of Tabatabaee's Interpretations
Ebrahim Nakhaei S. Mohammad Ali AyaziAbstract Considering that interpretation of The Qur'an is one of the most important branches of Islamic sciences, and sometimes it is connected to the Persian Literature which in turn has led to the richness of this literature MoreAbstract Considering that interpretation of The Qur'an is one of the most important branches of Islamic sciences, and sometimes it is connected to the Persian Literature which in turn has led to the richness of this literature, we decided to distinguish the methodology of the Kashfol Asrar interpretation and Tabatabaee's Almizan and survey these two works. We are going to compare the differences between the two interpreters' point of view in understanding the religious texts and compare them to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these two interpretations. They will be analyzed in this position. Mysticism can be seen throughout the text of Kashfol Asrar, while the Almizan has scientific and technical nature and author's mystic ideas has been less effective in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - An Identification of Factors Influencing Compensatory Consumer Behavior Strategies Choice in Encountering Discrepancy between Actual Self and Ideal Self
elham samadzadeh mohamad ali abdolvand Very little research has been done about when each of compensatory consumer behavior strategies occurs. Therefore, the present research has been done to fill the gap by identification of factors influencing compensatory consumer behavior strategies choice in enc More Very little research has been done about when each of compensatory consumer behavior strategies occurs. Therefore, the present research has been done to fill the gap by identification of factors influencing compensatory consumer behavior strategies choice in encountering discrepancy between actual self and ideal self. The present research has a qualitative approach and has been done based on grounded theory. In-depth interviews were used for data collection. The sampling was carried out using theoretical sampling method by the use of purposive and snowball techniques. Based on that, twenty-three cosmetic and plastic surgery clients were interviewed in Tehran. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Based on results of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, self-discrepancy was selected as the axial category because it appeared in the data repeatedly, and all other major categories could be related, two individual (one's self concept such as one's own skills, competence, or values) and interpersonal (one's standing compared to others) sources cause self-discrepancy, strategies (compensatory consumer behavior strategies) are used under global trends (such as become technological, become aesthetics and …), social factors, cultural factors, personal factors, psychological factors and demographic factors moderate strategies, two direct resolution and symbolic self-completion strategies are used in response to self-discrepancy, compensatory consumer behavior strategies can reduce or eliminate self-discrepancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Measurement of sound level in sports clubs with the approach of maintaining the health of athletes
Ling-Hsiang Chang Hooman Bahmanpour Ali fahiminejad -
Open Access Article
352 - The Sociological Explanation of Fashionism, From the Female Students’ Viewpoint in Kharazmi University
sadegh jahanbakhshganjeh nima jafari Fashionism is one of the most important social issues in the modern world. It is a kind of consumption, which is not for the satisfaction of the biological needs; however, it is for the social purposes. Accordingly, this study aims to highlight the significant ro More Fashionism is one of the most important social issues in the modern world. It is a kind of consumption, which is not for the satisfaction of the biological needs; however, it is for the social purposes. Accordingly, this study aims to highlight the significant role of the fashionism, which intends to introduce the sociological explanation of fashionism from the female students’ viewpoints in Kharazmi University. Due to the vast realities of fashionism in people’s lives, the compilation theoretical framework was chosen based on the theories of Simmel, Veblen, and Bourdieu for a general guide to the research. The research method is the descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all girls who studied in Kharazmi University in 2016-2017. Three hundred and sixty two of them, as the case study, were chosen by using the simple random sampling method. To collect the research data, we used a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T-test, analysis of variance, and regression. The results of the study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of body management, leisure time, economic and social bases with a fashionism orientation. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis showed that the leisure time and the body management of 32% totality of the variance of the dependent variables could explain the tendency to the fashionism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - The Role of Advertisements in Body Management. (Case Study of Kermanshah citizens)
alireza hosaini pakdehi yaghob moradi These days imagining the word without advertisements is impossible. Every people willingly or unwillingly is under exposition of advertisements. We are affected by these advertisements and running away from these affections is impossible. Some thinkers believe th More These days imagining the word without advertisements is impossible. Every people willingly or unwillingly is under exposition of advertisements. We are affected by these advertisements and running away from these affections is impossible. Some thinkers believe that body is affected by advertisement. Men and women by using advertisements codes in media, newspapers magazines and so on try to look good and be coordinated with social and cultural expectations about beauty. These advertisements in media, newspapers and magazines are full of messages which promote beauty surgeries, and sexual attraction of body as a value. The purpose of present study is investigation about the role of advertisement in body management. At first research literature has been reviewed and secondly some hypotheses, based on implant theory and Baudrillard, has been developed. Present survey used self-report questionnaire technique. Sample of study was 400 Kermanshah citizens who have 18 years old and higher. Sampling technique was mixed method by stage by stage and clustering method. Results suggested that there is significant relationship between advertisement and beauty surgery, weight control, clothing both in behavioral and attitudinal dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Evaluation of the hepatitis B antibody(Anti HBs) level fallowing of vaccination among medical students in Islamic Azad university (Mashhad branch) in 2013
Fatemeh Habibi Amir Hossein MotavaselianBackground: Hepatitis B vaccination is an important preventive approach among high-risk group of medical students. Accordingly, this study was performed to determine the Anti-HBS antibody level after vaccination among medical students in clinical course in Mashad branch MoreBackground: Hepatitis B vaccination is an important preventive approach among high-risk group of medical students. Accordingly, this study was performed to determine the Anti-HBS antibody level after vaccination among medical students in clinical course in Mashad branch of Azad University of Medical Scienes in 2013 and 2014. Methods and Materials: This study was performed as an observational study with descriptive cross-sectional manner. In this study, 154 medical students in clinical course in Mashad branch of Azad University of Medical Scienes in 2013 and 2014 were evaluated and the anti-HBS antibody was determined after vaccination. Results: The results demonstrated that mean antibody titer was 186/5 ± 114/9 units per ml and 10 subjects (6/5%) had no antibody response. Male gender, higher BMI, and longer time passed from vaccination were contributing factors for lower antibody titer (P < 0/05). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results and comparison with other studies, it may be concluded that one out of sixteen medical students would have no antibody response after vaccination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Evaluation of Anti-HBS-Ab titers in chronic hemodialysis patients in the hospitals of Mashhad Islamic Azad University 2013-2014.
Sara Rastegari Zahra MostafavianIntroduction:Annual measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels is recommended in hemodialysis patients after immunization with the vaccine. Which in regard to a state of immunosuppression, regular transfusion of blood, blood products and need for hemodialysis; it seems a l MoreIntroduction:Annual measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels is recommended in hemodialysis patients after immunization with the vaccine. Which in regard to a state of immunosuppression, regular transfusion of blood, blood products and need for hemodialysis; it seems a long time period .This study aimed to evaluate Anti-HBS antibody levels in patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis in the period of 6 months interval. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study Anti-HBS antibody serum levels were checked in 285 hemodialysis patients referred to 22 Bahman and 17 Shahrivar hospitals of Mashhad in 2013 to 2014. Some demographic data such as age, sex, history of diabetes, previous history of hepatitis B vaccination (four doses schedule) and booster doses, HBS-Ag, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV were recorded in a checklist prepared for this purpose 4 times in 6 months intervals and were statistically analyzed in SPSS V.20 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 66. 4 ± 8.9 years. 58 % were female and 42 % were male. 58 % of patients had a history of diabetes. The mean duration of dialysis was 50. 1 ± 46. 3 months. At the beginning of the study HBS-Ag was negative in 279 patients (98%) and was positive in 6 patients (2%) and Anti-HCV was positive in one patient (0. 35% ) . These values did not change by the end of the research. Anti-HIV did not become positive in any case in the beginning and throughout the study. At the end of the first year, 157 people (81%) and at the end of the second year, 38 patients (19%) and totally 195 patients (68%) lost their immunity serum levels (Anti-HBS Ab >10 MIU/ml) at least in one of these 6-month intervals. Conclusion:According to the results of this study , measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels at least every six months, instead of annual measuring can be more effective in terms of hepatitis B contamination prevention in chronic hemodialysis patients . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - A Survey of the Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Factors of (Salmo trutta caspius)
elham gholiyan masoumeh bahr kazemi azin mohagheghi aliasghar saeediThis study was done to determine the effects of stocking density on growth factors of salmo trutta caspius. For this purpose , fingerlings with initial weight 7.25 + 0.4 g were distributed in 3 treatments with density of 50, 75 and 100 fish per each m3 and cultured for MoreThis study was done to determine the effects of stocking density on growth factors of salmo trutta caspius. For this purpose , fingerlings with initial weight 7.25 + 0.4 g were distributed in 3 treatments with density of 50, 75 and 100 fish per each m3 and cultured for 60 days. The growth factors (BWI, LI, SGR, CF, and FCR) and survival rate were measured. The results showed that with density increase some of the growth factors which contain BWI, LI and SGR were decreased but some others (CF, FCR) were increased ( p<0.05). Also the density of stocking had no effect on survival rates of treatments (p>0.05). In Conclusion, by study on growth factors and survival rate, the best results were observed in lower density (50 fish per each m3). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - A survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barbus Schwanen feldi
Hassan MohammadiThe aim of this research was to survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort ® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Babus schwanen feldi. So 4 treatments with 0, 2, 4 & 6 g/kg Acidi fire in feed were MoreThe aim of this research was to survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort ® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Babus schwanen feldi. So 4 treatments with 0, 2, 4 & 6 g/kg Acidi fire in feed were designed in triplicates with 10 fish Barbs juveniles with initial average weight 2.7 + 0.03 g were fed with experimental fed during 60 days. As the result showed the less BWI was observed in 4 th treatment and the most one was observed in control. The most and less length invrease were seen in 2 nd & 6th treatments respectively. The most Ash content and less one were observed in 4 th and control treatments respectively. The most moisture content and less one were observed in 6th and 2nd treatments respectively. In conclusion, control treatment was the best one Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Effects of Dietary Nucleotide supplementation on growth Performance, some hematological parameters and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Habib Sarsangi Aliabad Salar Dorafshan Fatemeh Peykan Heyrati Mahmoud Hafeziyeh Mohammad Mohammadi Nemat MahmoudiAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleotide on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four experimental diets were formulated by using different levels of exogenous nucleotide consist of 0 (control), MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleotide on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four experimental diets were formulated by using different levels of exogenous nucleotide consist of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 percent. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 52 g. Fish were fed on experimental diets during the 45 days of culturing period at the rate of 2-3 % biomass two times per day. Results showed that some growth indices such as final weight, weight gain, daily growth rate and specific growth rate significantly increased by increasing nucleotide level, while feed conversion rate decrease by increasing nucleotide level. Body composition analysis showed that protein content increased by increasing nucleotide levels but fat and ash content decreased insignificantly. There was an increasing trend in the level of some hematological parameters but there were no significant changes among groups (P>0.05). So it seems that nucleotide administration improve the growth performance but it has no effect on hematological parameters and body composition of Nile tilapia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Comparison of effects in different enzymic levels Immnowall indices of growth, survival rate and body composition in (Rutilus firisii kutum) fingerlings
Abbas Barari Mohammad Mehdi Abbaszadeh Rahim Farnia Taghi Mohamamdi Fotemi Mazdak Pakzad Soraki Niloofar Fallah Mohammad Reza ImanpourThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Immnowall on feed intake, weight gain, food conversation ratio, specific growth rate, total length and survival of juvenile Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum. For this purpose, 300 fish were stocked in three replications at MoreThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Immnowall on feed intake, weight gain, food conversation ratio, specific growth rate, total length and survival of juvenile Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum. For this purpose, 300 fish were stocked in three replications at the VENIRO tanks and fed twice daily by 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/Kg of Immnowall for 8 weeks. Results showed that growth factors including: weight gain, specific growth rate, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and body weight index for fish administrated by 0.15 percent Immnowall showed a statistical significant differences (P<0.05) by control. Protein rate increased in probiotic treatment ( 4,5 and 6 with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 percent Immnowall in diet )of carcass analysis and showed a statistical significant differences (P<0.05) by control. Moreover, fish fed by 0.05 percent Immnowall and 0.15 percent Immnowall multienzyme showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in higher survival rate than control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (Tinfoil barb)
Hassan Mohammadi Hamed ManouchehriThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (tinfoil barb). So food additive was used at levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg in fo MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (tinfoil barb). So food additive was used at levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg in four experimental diets. A diet without acidifier was used as the control. Diets were fed to three replicate groups of 16 fish with an initial weight of 2.7±0.03 g for a period of 60 days. 0 g per kg of acid supplements. Also during this period, the highest increase was seen in the height of the treatment 4 kg of acid capacity; 2 /1cm to 6/43 cm, and the lowest rate of growth of acid capacity was 2 / 9cm which reached to 7/2 cm. Finally, different treatments for scrutiny of the amount of protein, fat, ash and moisture to specialized laboratories were analyzed by corpus, which was in the highest protein content (15/47 for the treatment of 6 g per kg of acid). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Effect of Strength Training and Carbohydrate Supplementation on the Physical Fitness of Male Bodybuilder
ehsan fakharzadeh mohammadamin safariThe search for a magical substance that will give it a higher competitive level has always been a concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of strength training and carbohydrate supplementation on agility, flexibility, explosive power a MoreThe search for a magical substance that will give it a higher competitive level has always been a concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of strength training and carbohydrate supplementation on agility, flexibility, explosive power and speed of bodybuilding men. For this purpose, 36 young bodybuilders volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly divided into three experimental, placebo, and control groups. The experimental group received carbohydrate supplementation and the placebo group received placebo, but the control group did not take any supplement. Subjects in all three groups performed selected strength training with 60-80% of maximal repetition for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session. Agility, flexibility, explosive power and speed of subjects were measured before and after eight weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Significant level was p≤0.05. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in explosive power between the groups (p = 0.019), but no significant differences were found between agility, flexibility, and speed. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that strength training combined with carbohydrate supplementation increases explosive power and it is recommended that bodybuilders, along with their exercise program, use carbohydrate supplements to improve some of their fitness factors, including their explosive power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - of 4 Weeks of Morning Exercise and Green Tea Consumption on Obesity Indices in Obese Men
kyvan khoramipour abbasali gaeini amirhossein amirhekmatikarAbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of morning exercise and green tea consumption on obesity indices in obese men. In this study, 384 obese men participated as subjects, who were divided into 4 groups, which were divided into groups: exercise MoreAbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of morning exercise and green tea consumption on obesity indices in obese men. In this study, 384 obese men participated as subjects, who were divided into 4 groups, which were divided into groups: exercise (n=96), green tea (n=96), green tea and exercise (n=96), and control group (n=96). The training protocol was was 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, each session consisting of 10 min of warm-up, 30 min of rhythmic aerobic activity, and 10 min of cooling down. Also, green tea was ingested 3 servings daily in the amount of 3 g of dry tea in 200 ml of water by the subjects of the two groups of green tea consumption, and green tea and exercise. Dependent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between age, height, weight, and BMI of the 4 groups before the study (p>0.05). Additionally, in the two groups of exercise, and green tea and exercise, body weight and body composition decreased significantly compared to the control group (P≥0.05), which showed the greatest decrease in the group of consumption of green tea and exercise. It can be concluded that drinking green tea alone can not have a significant effect on improving obesity indicators. However, sports activity alone had this capability. Moreover, the greatest benefit will be observed once consuming green tea is accompanied by exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Asperger's Autism
neda golsefid abedin golsephi hossein nazaryAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of w MoreAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of whole-body vibration on static and dynamic balance in children with Asperger's autism. The population of this quasi-experimental study was 20 juniors aged 8 to 10 years with Asperger's autism in Rasht city, who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. These children took part in the whole-body vibration training program 3 sessions per week for 6 months. There were two balance tests to investigate balance disorders of the subjects before and after the training program. The flamingo test was used to measure static balance, and likewise, the heel-toe walking test was used to measure dynamic balance. The results of the independent t-test showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in static and dynamic balance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Intragroup changes showed that there was a significant difference between static and dynamic balances in the pre-test and posttest of the experimental group (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (p> 0.05). In conclusion, whole-body vibration training seems to affect static and dynamic balances, and children with autism can use this technique to improve their balance beneficially. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Analysis of the Role of Moderating Socio-Cultural Pressure for Weight Loss and Physical Changes in Obese and Normal Weight Adolescents
seydmohammadhossein hosseiniravshThe purpose of this study was to compare body image problems and social-physical anxiety in obese and normal-weight adolescents by examining the moderating role of cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 7 MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare body image problems and social-physical anxiety in obese and normal-weight adolescents by examining the moderating role of cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 adolescent obese and 72 adolescent girls with normal weight were selected through one-stage cluster sampling from high school students in Mashhad. Data collection and measurement tools included: high-sensitivity portable digital scales and a non-dilatable tape meter, Multidimensional Self-Relationships Questionnaire, Physical Social Anxiety Questionnaire, and Cultural Social Pressure Questionnaire. The groups were matched for education, gender, and age. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between obese and obese adolescents in terms of body image and physical and social anxiety. The results also showed that high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change has a significant role in increasing physical social anxiety. But it does not have a moderating role in the extent of body image problems and physical social anxiety. Obesity and high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change are important factors in increasing body image problems and physical and social anxiety. But cultural social pressure does not mitigate the role of obesity in increasing or decreasing body image problems and physical social anxiety. Therefore, it can be concluded that body image problems in obese individuals are more influenced by their body mass and not by the socio-cultural pressure for weight loss and body change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - The Effect of a Period of CrossFit Training on Anthropometric Indices, Aerobic Power and Time to Exhaustion in Female Futsal Players
maleiheh fazelan niko khosravi fahimeh kazemiCrossFit is one of the growing high-intensity functional training modes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a CrossFit training on anthropometric indices, aerobic power and time to exhaustion in female futsal players. Twenty-four female futs MoreCrossFit is one of the growing high-intensity functional training modes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a CrossFit training on anthropometric indices, aerobic power and time to exhaustion in female futsal players. Twenty-four female futsal players with mean age of 20 ± 2 years and mean weight of 56.12 ± 6.86 kg were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=12) and control (n=12). Subjects performed the tests including Bruce's test, composition assessment two days before and after the training. The training group performed CrossFit training for four weeks, two days per week and 35-40 minutes per session, and the control group performed only their daily activities during this period. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test at the significant level of P<0.05. The results of paired sample t-test showed that there was no significant difference between body weight, BMI, %BF, WHR, BFM, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion in control and training groups in pre- and post-test. Also, the results of independent sample t-test showed that there was no significant difference between above mentioned variables in control and training groups after 4 weeks. In conclusion, according to the findings of this study, CrossFit training for 4 weeks, two days a week had no effect on improving anthropometric indices, aerobic power and time to exhaustion in female futsal players. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Investigation of Newcastle Disease viruses Antibody in rural Poultries of the Northern Provinces of Iran
abbas alemian seyied ali pourbakhsh Abdul-Hamid Shoushtari hadi keyvanfarRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of MoreRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of importance. Newcastle disease is endemic in Iran, and causes incidence of outbreaks among commercial and rural poultries, every year. The present study is conducted with the objective of figuring out the prevalence status and virus circulation among rural poultries of Northern provinces of Iran. In the study, 70 villages in 3 provinces (20 villages in Mazandaran, 20 villages in Golestan and 30 villages in Gilan Province) and a total of 1374 birds (600 birds in Mazandaran, 400 birds in Golestan, 374 birds in Gilan province) were sampled. A village considered as epidemiological unit. In the study, birds of 67 villages (96%) were found positive ( presence of antibodies against NDV) including Golestan Province, 28 villages (93.3%), Mazandaran Province, 19 villages (95%) and 20 villages of Gilan province (100%) Moreover, out of 1374 birds, 616 (45%) of them were seropositive against NDV. According to the results of this study, the rate of titer is very high in both levels of villages and level of birds. Such high rate of titer is indicative of continuous exposures of rural poultry of the mentioned provinces to Newcastle virus and high virus circulation rate of these viruses in the studied provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Health Protection Measures in Safavīd Irān
mohammad ali parghoo javad alipoor silabOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to main MoreOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain health or to deal with and treat various diseases. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose. The health measures identified in the present study can be considered efficient, effective, and low-cost interventions in providing a healthy lifestyle by healthcare providers. Data were collected by library method and materials were presented by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study indicate that the physicians of the Safavid era, by paying attention to the opinions of former physicians, defined the body and concepts such as wellness, health and disease in the framework of the teachings of humors view and under the title of “umure-e tabi’iyyah”. The behavioral approach of physicians by referring to the opinions of former physicians as well as their own experiences, in the first step was aimed at protecting the health of the body by maintaining the balance of the body's temperament and restoring the balance to it when the disease occurs. Keeping the body healthy had a direct relationship with observance of physicians preventive recommendations regarding the six principles of “Hava, Makoul va mashroob, Harakat va sokon, Khab va bidari, Aaraz-e nafsani, Ehtebas va estefrag”. In the second step, in the case of disease, according to the pathogen, different treatment methods were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Growth Performance and Energy Utilization of broilers fed High and Low Metabolizable Energy Diets Supplemented with Multi-Enzyme
S.A. Moftakharzadeh H. Janmohammadi Samira Kian S. Sadeghi S. YousefiThis experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of a MoreThis experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of age. 240 one-d-old male Ross 308 broil-ers were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, with six replicate cages per treatment. Two metabolizable energy level: 3150 or 2750 kcal/kg and two enzyme (with xylanase beta-glucanase, and phy-tase activity) level: 0 and 200 mg/kg dry matter (DM) were used. There was a main effect of energy (P<0.05) on feed intake of broilers and feeding 2750 kcal/kg ME diet increased feed intake (FI) of broilers in the whole period. The addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet significantly (P<0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens on 0-21 days of age (P<0.05). While net energy for production (NEp), NE, ME, organic matter, and dry matter digestibility were improved (P<0.05) by supplementing both energy level diets with enzyme at 21 d, only addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet reduced heat production (HP) of broilers in the total trial (P<0.05). On day 21, the amount of NE improvement by enzyme supplementation was greater than ME for 2750 and 3150 kcal/kg, respectively. This study showed that NE is a more sensitive energy utilization measure than ME for evaluating the response of broilers to enzyme supplementation, and the energy retained as fat and protein in the body carcass was higher for the birds fed lower energy diet supplemented with enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Investigating the relationship between the use of IRIB TV channels and students' cultural capital (Study: Students of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch)
Hamid Dourodiyan Sara Mohammad pour Tahmoures SHirieThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of IRIB television networks and cultural capital among students of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch. The research method is survey and a questionnaire is used to collect informati MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of IRIB television networks and cultural capital among students of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch. The research method is survey and a questionnaire is used to collect information. The sampling method in this study is random sampling of cluster classification. The sample size is determined by using the Cochran's test 375 people. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by communication and social science experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the independent variable (use of IRIB television networks) and the dependent variable of the research (cultural capital and its dimensions) indicate the high internal correlation of the items and in other words the reliability of the research tool reliability. Due to the fact that both variables is measured on interval scale, Pearson test is used. Findings show that there is a relationship between the use of IRIB television networks and cultural capital. There is a direct correlation between the use of IRIB networks with the dimensions of cultural capital (embodied cultural capital, objectified cultural capital, institutionalized cultural capital). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - The present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the effect of using cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the tendency to manage the body.
منا قاسمی شال مجید کفاشی رضا علی محسنیThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the effect of using cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the tendency to manage the body. The theoretical framework of this research was examined according to the theories of McLu MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the effect of using cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the tendency to manage the body. The theoretical framework of this research was examined according to the theories of McLuhan, Habermas, Giddens, Bourdieu, McCombs and Shaw, Goffman, Federstone, and Veblen. In this research, the effect of cyberspace on the tendency to manage the body has been investigated. Formal validity (experts' agreement) was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire questions and Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability, the reliability of which was also confirmed with 0.80. After reviewing and studying various topics and perspectives on the effect of cyberspace use on body management tendencies regarding the relationships between variables, 4 different hypotheses were proposed and tested. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed by the researcher and the necessary information was obtained through interviews with the statistical population. Our statistical sample in this study included 360 female high school students who were studying in Shahriar. In order to select the samples, in this research, two-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling method has been used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of social networks and the tendency to manage the body and its indicators Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - The relationship between the tendency to use recreational drugs based on self-efficacy and body image with mediating success motivation in The social phenomenon of sport (among bodybuilders)
Saeed Shakeri Hossein Ebrahimi Moghaddam Khadijeh AbualmaaliAim: The main objective of this study was to explain the Structural Equation Modeling of the relationship between tendency to recreational drugs based on self - efficacy and body image with mediating success motivation in The social phenomenon of sport(among bodybuilder MoreAim: The main objective of this study was to explain the Structural Equation Modeling of the relationship between tendency to recreational drugs based on self - efficacy and body image with mediating success motivation in The social phenomenon of sport(among bodybuilders in Tehran). Method: The present study was a type of patterning based on the correlation method according to implementation method and an applied research according to the purpose of research . This research included all athletes of Tehran gymnasiums’ bodybuilders in the year 2018, which 600 sample were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire body image (Cash T F, Mikulka P J, Brown ), The Perception of Success Questionnaire (Robert, G. G., Tresure, D. C, 1998), self-efficacy questionnaire (Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M, 1981) and tendency to energy-oriented questionnaire (Habibi and et al., 2016). The data analysis method was Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS software and Baron and Kenny method was used to test the intermediate effect. Results: Findings and the results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between self-efficacy and body image with a tendency to use recreational drugs. There was a positive and significant relationship between the body image with success motivation and there is a negative and significant relationship between self-efficacy and success motivation Conclusion: The results showed that the success motivation was not mediator in the relationship between self-efficacy and body image with the tendency to use recreational drugs, but a direct relationship between self-efficacy and body image with bodybuilders' tendency to use energy drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Validation of Cooper's Body Shape Questionnaire and the Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem of Adolescent Grls in Tehran
marjan moradi joghanAbstractAbstract The purpose of the research is to validate the Cooper Body Shape Questionnaire and the relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem of teenage girls in Tehran. The research method is correlational in terms of practical purpose and implemen MoreAbstractAbstract The purpose of the research is to validate the Cooper Body Shape Questionnaire and the relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem of teenage girls in Tehran. The research method is correlational in terms of practical purpose and implementation method. The statistical population is adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 in Tehran in regions 2 and 6, and 400 girls were selected by random cluster sampling. These people responded to Cooper's body shape questionnaire (1987) and Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire (1965). The data were analyzed by statistical methods including Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis and correlation. The results show that the body shape questionnaire in teenage girls of Tehran has a good validity. Exploratory factor analysis method was used to investigate construct validity and the results showed that the body shape questionnaire consisted of 5 factors (perceived concern about obesity, recognition and self-awareness of body shape, consequences of body dissatisfaction, body shape change and emotional attitude towards shape body) is saturated, and the factor loadings of the questions on the related factors were higher than 0.4, which shows the validity of the construct. and considering that the correlation coefficient between the body shape components and self-esteem is appropriate at the significance level of 0.05, the concurrent validity of the body shape questionnaire was confirmed. Finally, the results show that there is a significant correlation between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem. According to the validity and reliability of the body shape questionnaire in teenage girls, it is recommended that the body shape questionnaire be conducted by dear counselors in girls' schools to identify their body shape problems, to help improve their mental health by teaching effective techniques to increase their self-esteem. Keywords: validation, body shape, self-esteem, teenage girls in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Body Representation and analysis of bodily actions of the anti-hero in the epic poem of Kushnameh
hamed mehradAbstract The body is a social construction that is it is an outcome of social and cultural interplay. Therefore, human gestures are realities related to society and culture, and not merely biological, naturally born entity imposing itself to the individuals MoreAbstract The body is a social construction that is it is an outcome of social and cultural interplay. Therefore, human gestures are realities related to society and culture, and not merely biological, naturally born entity imposing itself to the individuals. Moreover regarding the notion of body there are multitude of elements such as social and cultural considerations to account for. Perception is also a bodily phenomenon not emanating from the mind since human beings as embodied agents influence our perception of the world. Therefore, structure of perception is the same as the structure of body and the world acts as a field for our awareness and actions. From this perspective reading of epic texts which focuses on the human body and has roots in the collective, and national ideals, and cultural reflections gain importance. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze bodily actions in Kushnameh whose protagonist is a hideous despotic antihero. The final results are corresponded with the symbological data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - The Examination of the scientific validity of hermeneutics in the third round of Kashf al-Asrar Maybodi
Ali Dehghan Tahereh Hossein zadehThe interpretation of Quranic verses in Kashf al-Asrar Maybodi is comprised of three parts which Maybodi speaks of them under the titles of first, second, and third round. Hence first round is concerned with the word for word translation of Quranic verses. S MoreThe interpretation of Quranic verses in Kashf al-Asrar Maybodi is comprised of three parts which Maybodi speaks of them under the titles of first, second, and third round. Hence first round is concerned with the word for word translation of Quranic verses. Second round deals with the interpretation in a general sense peculiar to Sunni tradition and third round is the interpretation of certain verses according to the taste of mystics ( in the form of rhyming prose). Most authorities and writers have called the latter, hermeneutic, whereas everywhere in his interpretation, Maybodi strictly opposes with hermeneutic (interpretation according to his own impression). This article is concerned with examining the scientific validity of hermeneutics in the third round of Kashf al-Asrar and attempt is made to present a viewpoint which is more scientific and systematic in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Mowlana’s kinship with Baha Valad, Plato, and Plonious
Fateme HeidariMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from differe MoreMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from different walks of life with his theosophic ideas and spiritual compositions. From what is understood by the content of Masnavi, the most important source in composing it is Koran and Islamic mystical intimations. Though Mowlana had a wealth of approaches and manuals to draw upon for his sufi practice, his theosophy and mysticism, one should look directly to his immediate formative influences his father, Baha Valad, his mentor Borhan-al Din Mohaqeq of Termez, and Shams Tabrizi to learn more about how and what he learned and taught. All that makes Masnavi a prism through which different modes of thoughts, Islamic, Persian, Greek, Indian, semitic, etc are reflected. The purpose of this article is to present points of similarity regarding various issues such as God, Salek, compatibility, love, and first abode in Plato, Baha Valad, and Mowlan’s thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Body language from Moulana’s perspective in MasnaviManavi
Ali Akbar Farhanghi Hossein FarajiThe purpose of this article is to study and classify certain linesfrom Moulana’s poetry in particular from MasnaviManavi which has bearing on the movements, states, and signs and also to study Moulana’s perspective regarding the manner by which the message i MoreThe purpose of this article is to study and classify certain linesfrom Moulana’s poetry in particular from MasnaviManavi which has bearing on the movements, states, and signs and also to study Moulana’s perspective regarding the manner by which the message is conveyed through these movements.Accordingly, Koranic tales and poetry of other poets relevant to the subject have been employed. Since a great deal of human communication is concerned with the body language, and there is a close relationship between the human soul with the subconscious movements and signs emanating from the person makes body language a more sinceremeans of communication, hence Moulana’s attention to this form of communication is analyzed. The conclusion proves that Moulana finds body language a more sincere mode of expression than verbal communication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - A Study of O’Hara’s Poetry in the Light of Merleau-Ponty’s Philosophy of Nature
Bahare Aarabi Negar Sharif Farid ParvanehThis study aims to utilize Maurice Merleau-Ponty's environmental phenomenology in analyzing the chosen poems written by Frank O'Hara, a significant figure in the New York School of Poetry.' Eco-phenomenology 'is where philosophy and ecology meet. Encouraging to revi MoreThis study aims to utilize Maurice Merleau-Ponty's environmental phenomenology in analyzing the chosen poems written by Frank O'Hara, a significant figure in the New York School of Poetry.' Eco-phenomenology 'is where philosophy and ecology meet. Encouraging to review the traditional beliefs of Western philosophy about nature, this relatively new vogue of criticism deals with environmental issues from a phenomenological perspective. This article aims to analyze several poems by Frank O'Hara from the New York School of Poetry through the lens of eco-phenomenology. The goal is to challenge the perception that this poetic movement is solely urban and lacks awareness of the natural environment. By highlighting a divide within this poetry that demonstrates an understanding of a wider phenomenological world, encompassing both humans and non-humans, we aim to refute the notion of reductive urbanism. Being a Critique of Cartesian mind-body dualism and the anthropocentric perspective resulting from it, this study applies the chiasmic ontology of Merleau-Ponty to the selected poems. The present research demonstrates that O'Hara's poetry exhibits a prevailing mutual participation between human flesh and the 'flesh of the world', as described by Merleau-Ponty's concept of chiasm, particularly during moments of perception. This study examines how O'Hara's work demonstrates the concept of 'body', a crucial term in Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, and how this demonstration leads to the development of an eco-phenomenological perspective in his urban poetry. Conducting both textual and contextual analyses, this research brings to the fore O’Hara’s eco-consciousness and his vision of interrelations governing the universe, despite his embracing urban life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Relationship between Marital Satisfaction, Body Image Concern, Guilt Feeling and Sexual Autonomy With Symptoms of Orgasmic Disorder in Married Women
Maryam Ghazaie nastaran sadri leyly ramezan saatchiOrgasm is a rapid sense of sexual pleasure peak that is usually accompanied by involuntary and rhythmic contractions of the pelvic, abdominal, and anal muscles. Female orgasm can be caused by sexual stimulation of different sexual and asexual parts. Women's ability to r MoreOrgasm is a rapid sense of sexual pleasure peak that is usually accompanied by involuntary and rhythmic contractions of the pelvic, abdominal, and anal muscles. Female orgasm can be caused by sexual stimulation of different sexual and asexual parts. Women's ability to reach orgasm varies from not having an orgasm to having multiple orgasms. Orgasmic disorder in women is defined as the frequent and permanent delay or absence of orgasm following a natural stage of sexual arousal associated with stress and interpersonal problems. The aim of this study was to predict the symptoms of orgasmic disorder based on marital satisfaction, body image concern, guilt and sexual autonomy in married women. For this purpose, in a descriptive correlational study, 288 married women referring to cultural centers in Tehran were selected by available sampling method and in terms of sexual autonomy, female sexual function index, guilt feeling, marital satisfaction and concern about Body image were evaluated. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that guilt feeling, marital satisfaction and body image concern are the best predictors of orgasmic symptoms in women, respectively. The results of this study support the relationship between guilt feeling, marital satisfaction and body image with orgasmic disorder syndrome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and spiritual therapy on perceived stress, body image and the quality of life of women with breast cancer
Sara Mohammadizadeh Javad Khalatbari Hasan Ahadi Hamid Reza HatamiWomen with breast cancer should be able to deal with the initial impact of receiving news of a cancer diagnosis and its family, social, economic, and personal consequences, as well as the side effects of treatment measures such as changes in physical appearance, changes MoreWomen with breast cancer should be able to deal with the initial impact of receiving news of a cancer diagnosis and its family, social, economic, and personal consequences, as well as the side effects of treatment measures such as changes in physical appearance, changes in roles, and social functioning. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and spiritual therapy on perceived stress, body image and quality of life of women with breast cancer. For this purpose, during a semi-experimental approach with pretest-posttest with the control group, 60 women with breast cancer were selected as convenience sampling in Tajrish Hospital and randomly divided into four experimental groups (three groups and one control group). The groups were tested before and after training in terms of body image, perceived stress, and quality of life. The results of MANCOVA's analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy is more effective than the two other therapies and spiritual therapy is more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and quality of life; Also, spiritual therapy is more effective than two other therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy is more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy in perceived stress. Cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to be more effective in reducing perceived stress, body image, and quality of life in women with breast cancer than acceptance and commitment therapy and spiritual therapy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Anxiety, mental obsession with anxiety and emotional distress related to body image in cancer patient treated with mastectomy, and healthy woman volunteered for breast cosmetic surgery
Farah Lotfikashani Laya Nobakht Mansureh Khalili Kazal Sepahbodi Yashar VaziriBreast has an in important role in female body image, and related feminine identity, feminine feeling, sexual tendency, physical and sexual attractiveness, and nourishing maternal feeling to itself. Aim of this study was to comparison appearance anxiety, mental obsessio MoreBreast has an in important role in female body image, and related feminine identity, feminine feeling, sexual tendency, physical and sexual attractiveness, and nourishing maternal feeling to itself. Aim of this study was to comparison appearance anxiety, mental obsession with this anxiety, and emotional distress experiences in cancer patient treated with mastectomy, cancer patients volunteered for breast reconstruction and healthy woman volunteered for breast cosmetic surgery. For this purpose, in a casual comparative study, 144 participants have been chosen through convenient method and evaluated for body-image distortion. Analysis of variances showed that there are significant differences in anxiety about unattractive body parts, stress and distress caused by body defect between groups; but, there is no significant differences in mental obsession about unattractive body parts. Also, it showed that there are significant differences between cancer patients treated with mastectomy (CPTM) with breast reconstruction volunteers (BRV), and BRV with cosmetic surgery volunteers (CSV) and cancer patients with breast reconstruction (CPBR) in anxiety about unattractive body parts, and significant differences in BRV and CSV in mental obsession related to unattractive body parts. Comparing stress and distress due to body defect showed differences in CPTM with BRV and BRV with CPBR and CPBR. This study vindicates substructure of cancer patients treated with mastectomy and healthy people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - The relationship between intellectual rumination, physical deformation and obsession compulsion with depressive symptoms in students
Meysam Mahmoudiyan simin Epchi hagh kazem Rasoul Zadeh TabatabaeeDepression is a combination of feelings of sadness, loneliness, irritability, worthlessness, hopelessness and guilt accompanied with an array of physical symptoms. Researchers repeatedly have supported the association between depression and rumination. The aim of the cu MoreDepression is a combination of feelings of sadness, loneliness, irritability, worthlessness, hopelessness and guilt accompanied with an array of physical symptoms. Researchers repeatedly have supported the association between depression and rumination. The aim of the current study was to determine the contribution of intellectual rumination, physical deformation and obsession compulsion in predicting depressive symptoms in students. Therefore, in a descriptive study based on correlation, 380 students of university of Tehran were selected using a simple multi-stage random sampling and were tested in terms of depression, obsession-compulsion, body deformation and intellectual rumination. The result of regression analysis showed that there is a correlation between the intellectual rumination, physical deformity and obsession-compulsion. Thus, intellectual rumination, obsessive rumination, body satisfaction and doubt are the best predictor of depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Structural model of relationships between body image, illogical beliefs, mental health in applicants of cosmetic surgery
Zohreh Hosaini Ahmad Karbalaee Mohammad Meigouni Masood GeramiporDecision for undergoing cosmetic surgery is intensively under impact of the psychological problems. The beliefs of a person about her body image in general affect all of her other beliefs, excitements and behaviors. This study aims to determine the fitness of structural MoreDecision for undergoing cosmetic surgery is intensively under impact of the psychological problems. The beliefs of a person about her body image in general affect all of her other beliefs, excitements and behaviors. This study aims to determine the fitness of structural model of relationships between body image, illogical beliefs and mental health in applicants of breast cosmetic surgery. For this purpose, in a descriptive research of correlation type, 100 women applying for breast cosmetic surgery were selected based on convenience method, and were assessed with regards to body image, illogical beliefs, and psychological disorders symptoms. Analysis of data using structural equations modeling technique indicated that the structural model of research has good witness with collected data. The body image has associated in general and negatively with illogical beliefs and mental health. Illogical beliefs have positive relationship with illogical beliefs in general. Body image has indirect and negative relationship with mental health. Illogical beliefs also have indirect and positive relationship with mental health factors. Dissatisfaction of clients with their body image under individual and environmental factors may result in incorrect assessments, negative thoughts and excitements in them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on body image anxiety and emotional self-regulation
Abdolamir Gatezadeh Massoumeh BabolmardEmotion regulation is a basic principle in initiating, evaluating and organizing adaptive behavior, as well as preventing the occurrence of unhealthy MoreEmotion regulation is a basic principle in initiating, evaluating and organizing adaptive behavior, as well as preventing the occurrence of unhealthy emotions and maladaptive behaviors, and body image is a multidimensional structure that refers to a person's perception of their body shape and body. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on body image anxiety and emotional self-regulation among housewives. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 36 housewives were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control. The MBCT group and the ACT group participated in 8 sessions of 90-minute treatment. The groups were evaluated before and after treatment for body image concerns and emotional self-regulation. Analysis of covariance and Benfroni Post Hoc test showed that MBCT and ACT both reduced body image anxiety and increased emotional selfregulation in housewives. Of the two therapies, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - The Effectiveness of Group Schema Therapy on Body Dysmorphic Symptoms and Early Maladaptive Schemes in Girl Students with Overweight Concerns
mehdi dehestani Zohreh Azizi Zohreh AziziPeople with body dysmorphic disorders always concern about an artificial or excessive deficit and have mental obsession. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy on reducing body dysmorphic symptoms and early maladaptive MorePeople with body dysmorphic disorders always concern about an artificial or excessive deficit and have mental obsession. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy on reducing body dysmorphic symptoms and early maladaptive schemas in girl students with overweight concerns. For this purpose, during a two-stage sampling method, some students were chosen based on Cluster sampling method. Then, all students were screened using the Killen Weight Concerns Questionnaire (WCS) and 30 students were selected as the second stage of sampling in a simple random sampling and randomly placed in 2 experimental and control groups. During the experiment, obssesive compulsive thoughts and schemas were assessed, and also, 12 sessions of group schema therapy were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the two groups have significantly different meanings for body dysmorphic variables, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, and over-vigilance and Inhibition (p< 0.05) disconnection and rejection and directedness (p> 0.05). Group schema therapy has been able to effectively useful in reducing body dysmorphic symptoms in girls with overweight concerns. Also, three domains of early maladaptive schemas (autonomy, limitation, and vigilance) from all five domains have been influenced by group schema therapy, decreased in scores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Comparison of the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on self-efficacy, lifestyle related to eating and body mass index in overweight people
Niknaz Salehi Moghadam Mohammad Hatami Hsan Ahadi Hamid Reza HatamiFor years, clinical psychologists have found that emotional states can affect physical problems, and the link between psychological stress and physical characteristics, including obesity, has recently been evaluated. Self-efficacy is one of the concepts that have attrac MoreFor years, clinical psychologists have found that emotional states can affect physical problems, and the link between psychological stress and physical characteristics, including obesity, has recently been evaluated. Self-efficacy is one of the concepts that have attracted a lot of attention in weight loss programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioural therapy on lifestyle self-efficacy related to eating and body mass index in overweight people. For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test group, among overweight people referred to medical centres and regional nutrition clinics in Tehran, 30 people were selected as convenient samples and assigned in two experimental groups and control group. The experimental group treated with dialectical behavioural therapy, and the control group only participated in group sessions on food awareness and food types. Before and after the intervention, the groups were assessed for self-efficacy, lifestyle, weight, and body mass index. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance (Manqua) showed that dialectical behavioral therapy is effective on lifestyle self-efficacy. The results of this study support the effectiveness of dialectical behavioural therapy on self-efficacy, eating lifestyle, and body mass index in overweight people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - The role of social anxiety in organs and dysfunctional attitudes in prediction Of Student eating disorders
Javad Ardashirpey Aloreza Bakhshayesh Fereshteh ToghianiriziSocial anxiety is the persistent fear of one or more situations in which a person is exposed to the meticulous gaze of others and the fear of acting or behaving in a way that is wrong and therefore humiliating or embarrassing. This goes beyond being normal shyness, whic MoreSocial anxiety is the persistent fear of one or more situations in which a person is exposed to the meticulous gaze of others and the fear of acting or behaving in a way that is wrong and therefore humiliating or embarrassing. This goes beyond being normal shyness, which in many cases leads to the avoidance of significant social and occupational situations. Lack of social anxiety and dysfunctional attitudes are among the influential factors that play an important role in eating disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social anxiety in organs and dysfunctional attitudes in predicting eating disorders in female students of paramedical disciplines. For this purpose, during a descriptive correlational study, 190 female students of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd were selected by convenient sampling method and evaluated in terms of eating disorders, social anxiety of organs, and dysfunctional attitudes. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between eating disorders and social anxiety of organs and dysfunctional attitudes, and these variables predict 0.20 of the variance of eating disorders. Considering the analytical findings of this study, it seems that the role of social anxiety variables and dysfunctional attitudes in health planning should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women
Saber Rezanejad Zeynab Mehri babadi Akram khani RozvehIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical populatio MoreIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Effects of aerobic exercise and spirulina supplementation on the lipid profile, and body’s functional variables, and composition in overweight women
Sahar Iravani Khosro Jalali Dehkordi Kamran TavakolBackground: Obesity leads to various chronic conditions and investigating its causative factors is of health and clinical and significance to humans. Doing physical exercises regularly and consuming proper diet are frequently recommended for achieving health benefits an MoreBackground: Obesity leads to various chronic conditions and investigating its causative factors is of health and clinical and significance to humans. Doing physical exercises regularly and consuming proper diet are frequently recommended for achieving health benefits and resolving the various complications of obesity. This study examined the question whether performing moderate intensity aerobic exercises combined with spirulina, a seaweed rich in probiotics and antioxidants, can improve the lipid profile, body composition and function in overweight women. Methods: We examined the associated variables linked to obesity in 20 volunteer women in a pre- and post-test design over eight weeks of intense aerobic exercises based on an established protocol, compared to the controls. We assessed cardiovascular endurance, and variables like lipid profile, weight, body mass index, and lean muscle mass in response to exercising plus spirulina consumption versus the controls. Results: The exercise combined with spirulina significantly reduced blood triglycerides and LDL while raising the HDL. The treatment significantly reduced the body weight, fat and BMI while increasing the muscle strength and Vo2max compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: Combining moderate intensity aerobic exercises with spirulina supplements significantly reduced the body weight, fat deposits, and BMI while increasing the muscle strength and Vo2max in overweight and obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Determining the Relationship between Sexual Schemas and Body Image with the Mediation of Perfectionism and Dysfunctional Beliefs in People with Body Deformities in Beauty Clinics
Roghaye Eslam nia Javad Khalatbari Shohreh GhorbanshiroodiAbstract Introduction: People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, th MoreAbstract Introduction: People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, their quality of life and daily functioning decreases, so the research The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual schemas and body image through the mediation of perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs in people with body deformities in the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province. Research Method: The current research method is correlational and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). Based on Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. The data collection tool was Anderson and Siranoski's (1994) gender schema questionnaire, Ten Sooto and Garcia's (2002) body image satisfaction questionnaire, Trishort et al.'s (1995) perfectionism questionnaire, and Wiseman and Beck's (1982) dysfunctional beliefs scale. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling. Findings: The results of the research showed that the lower limit is 0.46 and the upper limit is 0.65 between the two variables of perfectionism and ineffective beliefs as mediating variables between gender schema and body image. The confidence level for this confidence interval is 95. Considering that zero is outside this confidence interval, this relationship is a significant mediator. Conclusion: considering that the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance largely depends on the schemas related to appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Health Protection Measures in Safavīd Irān
mohammad ali parghoo javad Alipoor SilabOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to main MoreOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain health or to deal with and treat various diseases. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose. The health measures identified in the present study can be considered efficient, effective, and low-cost interventions in providing a healthy lifestyle by healthcare providers. Data were collected by library method and materials were presented by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study indicate that the physicians of the Safavid era, by paying attention to the opinions of former physicians, defined the body and concepts such as wellness, health and disease in the framework of the teachings of humors view and under the title of “umure-e tabi’iyyah”. The behavioral approach of physicians by referring to the opinions of former physicians as well as their own experiences, in the first step was aimed at protecting the health of the body by maintaining the balance of the body's temperament and restoring the balance to it when the disease occurs. Keeping the body healthy had a direct relationship with observance of physicians preventive recommendations regarding the six principles of “Hava, Makoul va mashroob, Harakat va sokon, Khab va bidari, Aaraz-e nafsani, Ehtebas va estefrag”. In the second step, in the case of disease, according to the pathogen, different treatment methods were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Arginine and Rice Hull on Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Intestinal Morphology, Tibia Bone Mineral Content and Intestinal Microbial Population of Broiler Chickens
M. Abbasabadi S.M. Hosseini H. Naeimipour F. Izadi YazdanabadiArginine and fibers may have positive effects on gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect immune re-sponses, growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of arginine and ric MoreArginine and fibers may have positive effects on gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect immune re-sponses, growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of arginine and rice hull on growth performance, immune re-sponses, intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into nine dietary treatments with four replications of 10 broiler chickens based on a factorial arrangement (3×3) in a completely randomized design. Experimen-tal treatments were including basal diets supplemented with arginine (90, 100, and 110% recommended levels), and fiber (0.00, 2.50, and 5.00%). Growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, tibia bone mineral content and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens were measured. The ef-fects of dietary inclusion of rice hull, arginine, and their interactions were significant on average daily gain (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05), so that highest gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in broiler chickens fed with highest levels of arginine (110.00%) and fiber (5.00%). Dietary supplementation of arginine progressively increased immune responses (P<0.05), while inclusion of rice hull increased villus height and crypt depth (P<0.05) and decreased the concentrations of calcium (P<0.05), phosphorous (P<0.05) and magnesium (P<0.05). The inclusion of arginine (P<0.05), and fiber (P<0.05) in higher levels increased Lactobacilli population (P<0.05). In total, higher levels of fiber (5.00%) and arginine (110.00%) improved the growth performance and are suggested in diet of broiler chickens for improving growth performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - The effect of Virginiamycin and protein diet on the body weight and feed conversion of broilers at heat stress
Babak AsadiA total of 300 day-old chicks in a completely randomized design using a factorial arrangement with 4 treatments were used to study the effects of different levels of nutrients and Virginiamycin on the body weight and feed conversion of broilers. Test diets were formulat MoreA total of 300 day-old chicks in a completely randomized design using a factorial arrangement with 4 treatments were used to study the effects of different levels of nutrients and Virginiamycin on the body weight and feed conversion of broilers. Test diets were formulated to provide 100 or 110 percent of protein recommended by NRC and was fed either with or without 25 ppm of Virginiamycin to 3 pens of 25 chicks. Weekly body weight and feed conversion were measured and at the end of the trial, two chicks of each pen were selected, killed and dressing percentage and feed conversion were determined. Data from this experiment showed that the 6 weeks age birds, which received Virginiamycin, at two diets, were significantly (p < 0.01) heavier. Addition of 25ppm Virginiamycin also improved (p < 0.01) body weight in diet of NRC + 110% CP. Addition of 25 ppm Virginiamycin significantly (p < 0.01) improved feed conversion rate at the diet of NRC + 110% CP. Manuscript profile
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