The Role of Anthropometric Indices and Spiritual Intelligence In Predicting Young Girls' Body Image Satisfaction

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

Maryam Khalesi ¹ , Esmail Nasiri ²

1 - Assistant professor, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - . Associate Professor, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2023-06-05 Accepted : 2024-04-27 Published : 2024-04-20

Keywords: Spiritual Intelligence, Anthropometry, Body Self-Relation,

Abstract :

Introduction: This study investigated the role of anthropometric indices and spiritual intelligence (SI) in predicting body image satisfaction in female students.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 349 female students of Shahed University in academic year 1401-1402 were served as subject. The subjects’ anthropometric measures, perceived body image, and SI were assessed. The descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and step-by-step multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results: Findings showed that there was a significant inverse correlation among perceived body image and body mass index (p=0.025), waist circumference (p=0.006), abdominal circumference (p=0.001), hip circumference (p=0.017) and waist-to-height ratio (p=0.004). Moreover, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between SI and perceived body image (p˂0.001). The SI score had a significant positive correlation with the perceived body image subscales (except appearance orientation, disease orientation, mental weight, and preoccupation with excess weight) (p˂0.001).

Conclusion: The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the SI score had the highest predictive power in predicting body image,as well as the perceived body image improved by 19.4% on average for every unit of increase in spiritual intelligence score.

References:

1.       Bakhshi S. Women´ s body image and the role of culture: A review of the literature. Europe’s Journal of Psychology. 2011;7(2):374-94.
2.       Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Moreno LA, Santos-Beneit G. Body image and dietary habits in adolescents: A systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 2024 Jan 1;82(1):104-27.     
3.       Dehghani F, Atarnia M, Langroudi SKA. Prediction of Body Image Dissatisfaction Based on Spiritual Intelligence and Socio-cultural Patterns in Women Attending Gyms in Yazd. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2018;4(4):49-55.
4.       Fernández-Bustos JG, Infantes-Paniagua Á, Gonzalez-Martí I, Contreras-Jordán OR. Body dissatisfaction in adolescents: Differences by sex, BMI and type and organisation of physical activity. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(17):3109.
5.       Ferrari EP, Petroski EL, Silva DAS. Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and associated factors among physical education students. Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy. 2013;35:119-27.
6.       Ghannadiasl F, Hoseini N. The Relationship between Body Image Dissatisfaction and New Anthropometric Indices in Women Referred to the Nutrition Clinic in Northwest of Iran, Ardabil City, 2019. Journal of Community Health Research. 2021.          
7.       Guimarães JP, Fuentes-García JP, González-Silva J, Martínez-Patiño MJ, editors. Physical Activity, Body Image, and Its Relationship with Academic Performance in Adolescents. Healthcare; 2023: MDPI.          
8.       Huang Q, Peng W, Ahn S. When media become the mirror: A meta-analysis on media and body image. Media Psychology. 2021;24(4):437-89.  
9.       Irvine KR, McCarty K, McKenzie KJ, Pollet TV, Cornelissen KK, Toveé MJ, et al. Distorted body image influences body schema in individuals with negative bodily attitudes. Neuropsychologia. 2019;122:38-50.
10.   Jiménez-Flores P, Jiménez-Cruz A, Bacardí-Gascón M. Insatisfacción con la imagen corporal en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática. Nutrición hospitalaria. 2017;34(2):479-89.
11.   Kachooei M, Shahmoradi S. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (Bmi) With Body Appreciation And Eating Disorders Symptoms: The Moderating Role Of Self-Compassion In Female Students. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2020 Jan 10;19(2):103-13.
12.   Khabbaz Sabet S, Keykhosrovani M, Poladi Rishehri A, Bahrani MR. Relationship between Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery with Attitudes to Fashion and Negative Body Image of Women Applying for Cosmetic Surgery Based on the Type of Surgery: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Social Psychology Research. 2022 Aug 23;12(46):37-60.       
13.   Kriti V, Kumari S, Joshi S. Body Image and Self-Esteem in girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Indian Scenario. Mind and Society. 2022;11(01):82-8.
14.   Pahlevan Sharif S, Ahadzadeh AS, Ong FS. The effect of religiosity on the relationship between BMI and body image among Iranian women. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 2019;11(2):168.
15.   Radwan H, Hasan HA, Ismat H, Hakim H, Khalid H, Al-Fityani L, et al. Body mass index perception, body image dissatisfaction and their relations with weight-related behaviors among university students. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(9):1541.   
16.   Richards PS, Caoili CL, Crowton SA, Berrett ME, Hardman RK, Jackson RN, et al. An exploration of the role of religion and spirituality in the treatment and recovery of patients with eating disorders. Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 2018;5(2):88.     
17.   Safavi M, Mahmoodi M, Roshandel A. Assessment of body image and its relationship with eating disorders among female students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran center branch. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity-Tehran Medical Branch. 2009;19(2):129-34.
18.   Sidi Y, Geller S, Abu Sinni A, Levy S, Handelzalts JE. Body image among Muslim women in Israel: exploring religion and sociocultural pressures. Women & Health. 2020;60(10):1095-108.
19.   Tylka TL. Positive psychology perspectives on body image. 2011.

20.   Uchoa FNM, Lustosa RP, Rocha MTdL, Daniele TMdC, Deana NF, Alves N, et al. Media influence and body dissatisfaction in Brazilian adolescents. 2017.       
21.   Uchôa FNM, Uchôa NM, Daniele TMdC, Lustosa RP, Garrido ND, Deana NF, et al. Influence of the mass media and body dissatisfaction on the risk in adolescents of developing eating disorders. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(9):1508.
22.   Weinberger-Litman SL, Rabin LA, Fogel J, Mensinger JL, Litman L. Psychosocial mediators of the relationship between religious orientation and eating disorder risk factors in young Jewish women. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 2016;8(4):265.
23.   Zahroh C, Khamida RA, Yusuf A, Sudiana IK. The relationship of intelligence and health perceptions. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2020;11(3):2398-401.