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Open Access Article
1 - Sociological analysis comparing consumption patterns among job classes in the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and the Tax Affairs Organization of the country
رضا قاسمی Bahram Ghadimi Hadi Shirzad Zohreh Nikfarjam Fariba ShayeganToday, consumption has become one of the most important global issues. So that the position of consumption is so much that some people define the lifestyle based on it. At the end of the 20th century, consumption has become a multi-dimensional reality that, in addition MoreToday, consumption has become one of the most important global issues. So that the position of consumption is so much that some people define the lifestyle based on it. At the end of the 20th century, consumption has become a multi-dimensional reality that, in addition to the dimensions of economic requirements, has many cultural meanings and social requirements. Consumption patterns are stable social behaviors that exist in society in relation to the consumption of all kinds of goods, food, clothing and other cultural items. Therefore, consumption and consumption patterns have become an important issue in people's daily lives and play an important role in their lived experience and direction of their actions in various fields. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject, this research deals with the sociological analysis of the comparison of consumption patterns among occupational classes in the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and the Tax Affairs Organization of the country. The type of research was based on the applied nature and based on the analytical-survey method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The results showed that the snack meal is observed more among diploma and sub-diploma people (occupational class 1). Less than half of the respondents pay attention to nutrients in food consumption, this issue is more evident among men and those who have sufficient income. The results showed that rice has the highest presence in the daily food basket of employees. On the other hand, the consumption of fish meat is less than other items. The consumption of soft drinks among the first occupational class and the consumption of red meat among the sixth occupational class (PhD) are more pronounced. People of the sixth class, who are part of the upper economic classes, consume less grains than othefrom othesociety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Review the continued use of e-learning and the presentation of a solution for a better future in the headquarters of the State Tax Administration
hanieh shami zanajani mostafa niknami nadergholi ghorchian amirhoseein mohamad davoudiThe present study is a case study aimed at investigating the continued use of e-learning in the headquarters of the State Tax Administration. The present study is a descriptive survey type in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population consisted of all users of MoreThe present study is a case study aimed at investigating the continued use of e-learning in the headquarters of the State Tax Administration. The present study is a descriptive survey type in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population consisted of all users of the electronic learning system at the headquarters of the country's tax affairs committee, including managers and experts. According to the Kerjesi and Morgan tables, and according to the volume of 890 people in the research community, the sample size was estimated at 300 people, with a probability 284 questionnaires were collected and analyzed statistically. To collect data, a library method and two researcher-made questionnaires were used. A survey of research questions was performed using relevant statistical tests including exploratory factor analysis to determine the factors of continuity of electronic learning, single sample t test to determine the current status of continuing use of e-learning and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for questionnaire . The results showed that the users of the e-learning system at the headquarters of the State Tax Administration were factors influencing the continued use of e-learning, including system, organizational, human, and demographic factors. The components of the "system", "human", "demographic" factors as well as the factors affecting the continued use of e-learning are lower than the average, and only the components of the "organizational" factors were higher than the average for employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Dihghāns and Islamic Conquests
شهرام امیریAs the representatives of the social middle class in Iran before Islam,Dihghāns had an active role in the inner changes of the society;particularly in Sassanid era that they were a joining link betweencentral government, Arian aristocrats, Zoroastrian priests, and peopl MoreAs the representatives of the social middle class in Iran before Islam,Dihghāns had an active role in the inner changes of the society;particularly in Sassanid era that they were a joining link betweencentral government, Arian aristocrats, Zoroastrian priests, and people.From the beginning of Islamic conquests and then during the first andsecond centuries after Hijra, their role became more prominent as theyconducted most of the economical and social changes in Islamic Iran,and protected the old Iranian culture and transmitted it to nextgenerations. This role is investigated in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - -The Role of the Kalb Tribe in the Political Crises of the Umayyad Period: The Transfer of Power from the Sufyānī Branch and Its Consolidation in the Marwāni Branch (683-705), Emphasizing the Role of the Baḥdal and the Abū Umamah Family
mehran Esmaili Meisam HabibikianThe Umayyads were rulers with Arab inclinations. During this period, the Arab tribes played an important role in governmental and military affairs, especially in the conquests. The relations of the Arab tribes with the the Umayyads were not on the same level. The tribe MoreThe Umayyads were rulers with Arab inclinations. During this period, the Arab tribes played an important role in governmental and military affairs, especially in the conquests. The relations of the Arab tribes with the the Umayyads were not on the same level. The tribe of Kalb, the tribe descended from the Al-Ḳuḍa’a, was one that had close relations with the Umayyad rulers, especially the Sufyānī branch. Kalb tribe had a long history of living in the deserts of Syria and a large population, which led to Mu’āwīyah marrying a Kalbi woman in order to gain the support of this tribe. The mother of Yazīd, Muāwīyah's successor, was a Kalbi woman, which led to the rise of the Kalb's political position. This article seeks to look at the role of the Kalb tribe in the period of Instability and crises that occurred after the death of Muāwīyah II, until the end of the rule of ‘Abd al-Malik by focusing on the Baḥdal and Abū-Umāmah families of the Banu Hāritha bin Janāb clan of the Kalb tribe. The results obtained show that these two families reached the highest levels of military administration during the period of Yazīd bin Muāwīyah and in the period of crisis, and despite the fall of four of the five region (Jund) in Syria in the hands of the forces belonging to al-Zubayr, they were able to manage the situation and lead the forces loyal to the Umayyads and bring them back to power. At this point, the Kalb tribe and its leaders from the Banu Hāritha bin Janāb clan, particularly the Baḥdal family, played a crucial role. During the reign of ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān (685-705), this tribe also played an influential role in suppressing various uprisings in the Syria, Jazira, Irāq and Persia. During this period, the Baḥdal family's role gradually diminished, but the Abu-Umāma family had the upper hand in stabilizing the government leading Shāmi forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles
Malligavathy Rajakumar Pathinettam Padiyan -
Open Access Article
6 - Detection of mercaptopurine drug by T4,4,4-graphyne and the effect of applied electric field: A density functional theory study
Roya Majidi -
Open Access Article
7 - Mechanical properties of CaN, SrN, and BaN compounds by density functional theory
Homa Sadat Sharifzadeh Sima Sadat Sharifzadeh Faramarz Kanjouri Amirhosein Esmailian -
Open Access Article
8 - Experimental and theoretical study on the corrosion resistance of Zr–Co–Al–Nb metallic glasses
W. K. Le Z. Z. Yuan X. Y. Zhang -
Open Access Article
9 - Verification of The Paradox of Information Technology Productivity At the East Azerbaijan Tax Affairs Head Office (2017)
akbar pourhassan harzandi Gholamreza RahimiAbstractBackground: Despite the focus of information technology in the current world, productivity is considered as the main factor for the success of organizations. As a result, Investing in IT is widely regarded as having enormous potential for reducing costs, enhanci MoreAbstractBackground: Despite the focus of information technology in the current world, productivity is considered as the main factor for the success of organizations. As a result, Investing in IT is widely regarded as having enormous potential for reducing costs, enhancing productivity, and improving living standards.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the paradox of IT efficiency by examining the impact of using information technology on productivity At the East Azerbaijan Tax Affairs Head Office from the perspective of the staff of this organization.Methodology: The method used in this research is descriptive-survey method and the sample is 256 managers and employees of the organization selected by targeted sampling method. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire of 30 questions was used.Findings: The results of this research show that the use of information technology At the East Azerbaijan Tax Affairs Head Office has increased the productivity of the organization.Conclusion: It is desirable for managers of the East Azerbaijan Tax Affairs Head Office to invest in targeted, optimal and effective IT facilities and equipment, seeking to improve their efficiency and effectiveness indicators, thereby increasing the productivity of their organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Improving the strategic model of governance of local affairs in the Islamic Republic of Iran
mohammad amirabadi seyedjavad aminiBackground: The field of politics and its related issues are changing and expanding, how to govern according to the ideal governance criteria has become more important and is being considered in various fields including legislation, public policymaking and related scien MoreBackground: The field of politics and its related issues are changing and expanding, how to govern according to the ideal governance criteria has become more important and is being considered in various fields including legislation, public policymaking and related sciences. Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a strategic plan for the governance of local affairs in the Islamic Republic of Iran and improving its model. Methods: The present research method is of mixed type. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in mixed research. Thematic analysis strategy was used in the qualitative part of this research. In the quantitative part, SWAT analysis was used to select the optimal strategy. In the qualitative part of the research, the statistical population is university professors who are familiar with the subject of local governance, as well as representatives of the Islamic Council, representatives of city and village Islamic councils, mayors, governors and governors. The sampling method is based on snowball until theoretical saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative phase of the research is all experts and professors in the field of local governance, members of parliament, city council and officials of the Ministry of Interior, which does not have an exact figure. Findings: Based on the findings of the research, the dimensions of the strategic planning of local governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran include local policy making, law-based local governance, fair distribution of resources in the country, clear accountability, participatory management, decentralization and decentralized planning, building trust and social harmony, strengthening infrastructures. Cultural and social are providing the context for local investment and cultural interactions that lead to the consequences of national power, economic growth and gaining international credit. Based on SWAT analysis and prioritization, among the proposed strategies, SO strategies are chosen as the best strategy for governing local affairs in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The emphasis of the strategies of the SO team is to make the most of the opportunities that are available to it by providing implementation solutions while using the strengths. Conclusion: The formation of local governments and local organizations is in the administrative-management structure of governments. Social, political or economic development becomes real and meaningful only when they start from the lowest level of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing a Model for Establishing a Mentoring System in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Foundation data Theorizing Method)
sadegh noormohammadi kiomars Ahmadi Adel SalavatiBackground: The need for proper use of human resources of organizations is the need to develop and apply appropriate training models.Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for establishing a mentoring system.Method: This research is an exp MoreBackground: The need for proper use of human resources of organizations is the need to develop and apply appropriate training models.Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for establishing a mentoring system.Method: This research is an exploratory mix. The statistical population of the qualitative section of experts and expert accountants of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and in the quantitative section includes 322 deputies of financial supervision. The tool for collecting interviews and questionnaires is researcher-made.Results: The results showed that the components (causal conditions (causes of the main phenomenon), strategies (actions or interactions performed to control, manage, deal with and respond to the main phenomenon), context (specific bedrock conditions affecting strategies), conditions Intervenors (effective bedrock conditions in strategies) and consequences (implementation of strategies) are among the factors influencing the design of a comprehensive model for establishing a mentoring system in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance.Conclusion: The model obtained in this study is a suitable model for establishing a mentoring system in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Operational policy analysis of the impact of Persian Q&A systems on improving the performance of the Tax Administration
Ali Ehsani Seyed Abdollah Amin Mousavi Mahmood Alborzi Maryam RastgarpourBackground and Aim: Organizations are trying to improve performance in providing smart services. An intelligent Q&A system is a virtual assistant that is able to interact with users. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the characteristics of the Q& MoreBackground and Aim: Organizations are trying to improve performance in providing smart services. An intelligent Q&A system is a virtual assistant that is able to interact with users. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the characteristics of the Q&A system can improve the performance of the tax organization.Method: First, the question and answer system on the web platform is provided to the taxpayers. The tool used to evaluate the components and sub-components was a researcher-made questionnaire. Formal validity measurement tool was used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha calculation method was used for reliability. Using Cochran's sampling formula, 384 taxpayers were determined as the statistical sample size. The data are then analyzed by modeling the structural equations of least squares to evaluate the model.Findings: Features related to intelligent question and answer systems have a positive effect on improving organizational performance.Conclusion: This study shows the importance and positive effect of organizational investment in accepting factors related to service intelligence and the effects of new technologies based on artificial intelligence to strengthen the client-organization relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study on the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction (Case study: Organization of Tax Affairs)
محمد ودادی احمد مهرآرا Introductionandresearchobjectives: From perspective of psychological empowerment, knowledge of psychological empowerment or beliefs and emotional feelings of people in jobs and organization and Factors enhancing or weakening the beliefs and Emotions Could be a ste More Introductionandresearchobjectives: From perspective of psychological empowerment, knowledge of psychological empowerment or beliefs and emotional feelings of people in jobs and organization and Factors enhancing or weakening the beliefs and Emotions Could be a step toward Job satisfaction and improve workforce productivity. The purpose of this study is study the Relationship between psychological empowerment and Levels of job satisfaction in Organization of Tax Affairs. research method: This study is based on a descriptive-survey research method, And using Stratified relative sampling of the Statistical Society study that includes tax experts Has been With the use of two questionnaires. Results: Shows the statistical results that Job satisfaction and psychological empowerment are in relatively good condition, There is also a significant relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in the tax affairs. Conclusion: With regard to the relation between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in the organization's tax affairs, these organization Provide conditions that Employees Has considered Valuable Their jobs And have an inner passion to their jobs and Should be Participation in decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Contemporization of the Concept of Semantic Authenticity in Tehran's Architectural City Scape
Sara Fardpour Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Fariborz DolatabadiToday, the issue of identity crisis has become one of the main concerns in the domain of architectural spaces, especially in countries with culturally rich backgrounds which seek original features in a purposeful solution. This is also true of the Iranian architectural MoreToday, the issue of identity crisis has become one of the main concerns in the domain of architectural spaces, especially in countries with culturally rich backgrounds which seek original features in a purposeful solution. This is also true of the Iranian architectural space which, connected deeply to its culture, can conceive an authentic model related to the architecture of the modern urban façades. The main inquiry of this study revolves around this fundamental question: “What elements are analytically included inthe study of the semantic authenticity in urban facades of the city of Tehran?” It could be concluded that, based on the theory of origin of Zancheti, et al., understanding the concept of “originality” is possible through three elements: the physical – environmental element, the physical element and the element of meaning in urban landscapes. Furthermore, the authentic façadesfollow three elements: first, the clarity in the building structure, second,the connection with the environment and the urban space and third,the affiliation to the longstanding and meaningful objects. In order to create original façades in today's urban architectural design, one needs to identify the construction of the building facade, followed by a systematic study of the physical and semantic relations to perceive its semantic authenticity as veiled codes in the facades. The aim of this study is to emphasize the structural authenticity in the city of Tehran by devising a framework in the original semantics. Therefore, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods is used. Thus, in the qualitative phase, the characteristics are examined through “Grounded-Theory” method.In the quantitative phase, however, the significance of the characteristics is determined using the SWARA method. The data collection method is based on field data, library research, and involves a questionnaire containing 24 questions. The selection of examples include monuments of contemporary architecture that have a wide range of impact and hold the following characteristics due to their superior views: 1-In the first and second “Pahlavi” Era; 1931-1966. 2- Iranian cultural roots are also meticulously studied. 3-There are genuine architectural signs and patterns. In the selection of this study, twopoints are more conspicuous than others: the importance of the works of the selected buildings and the significance of their relative era. The physical analysis of the contemporary architectural works in the first and second “Pahlavi” Erasuggests thatproper design methods were applied in the structural proportions widely employed by the architects of the timeto originate a basic method in architecture. They follow a pattern that facilitates the process of the original design by employing it in view and intensify the validity of the façade. According to this research, the production of an authentic urban facade has a direct connection with the creation of meaningful elements that are linkedto one another through time. This study considers roots as the basis of originalitywhich is perceived through an accuratedesign analysis of the architecture of PahlaviEra. The semantic authenticity of the façade is comprehended through semantic elements which areassociated with the city,the effective light,the turning point,the vitality and mobility, the memorability, and the domestic materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determining the Influential Components on the Continuity of 'Iranian Architectural Identity' during the first Pahlavi Era (Case Study: The Selected Buildings in Tehran)
Majid Riyahizadeh Mohammad Mansour Falamaki Mohammadreza Pourzargar -
Open Access Article
16 - Mittag-Leffler-Hyers-Ulam Stability For A First Order Delay Functional Differential Equation
leyla Sajedi Nasrin EghbaliIn this paper, At first we define Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability and then by using the fixed point method, we prove the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the first order delay dif MoreIn this paper, At first we define Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability and then by using the fixed point method, we prove the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the first order delay differential equation of the form I can not transfer formulae here. Which F is a bounded continuous function and Τ is a fixed real number.For interval I, suppose that F is a continuous function such that satisfy the following conditionI can not transfer formulae here.Now suppose that the function F satisfy the following conditionI can not transfer formulae here.which Eq is Mittag-Leffler function. In this case there exists a unique function such that we have I can not transfer formulae here.for all... and ....In the other words, the function F is Mittag-Leffler-Hyers-Ulam stable. By changing in the conditions of F we can prove that the delay differential equation is Mittag-Leffler-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Market Structure and Social Costs in Cement Industry: The Case study of Iran
سید شمس الدین حسینی سمیه دودانگهThis paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of T MoreThis paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of The Constitution, it deemed necessary to carry out studies evaluating the viability these corporation exposed to market forces. The rationale behind this new policy was to expedite the divestment process of state owned corporations to private entities as a step to enhance an environment of competitiveness in the economy, and also to promote productivity , social welfare and so forth, As such, this study aims to fill this gap. To delineate the structure of Cement market, techniques such as Concentration index, Hirfindal-Hirshman index, and Entropy (both cases of including not including ownership effect) indexes are used. In the case Entropy including ownership effect, the result shows that over the period under study, the concentration ratio of top four firms were between 74 and 84 percent, and that of Herfindhal-Hirshman index was between 2018 and 2501 unit and Entropy index was between 0.74 and 0.83. In the case Entropy excluding ownership effect, the above observation can not be maintained. To measure social cost inflicted by Cement Industry Activities, Cowling-Mueller Method, was used. Cost function for cement industry (comprising of 10 firms) was estimated in an Integral Data Pattern Format using data covering the period of 2000 to 2007. Then, based on the information, the total cost of above mentioned firms, their price deviation from total cost, and the total welfare costs of the industry as a whole were calculated. The results of above calculations show that the welfare loss resulted from monopoly of these 10 firms, amounts to 44 percent of sale value. Moreover, economics of scale was taken care of while estimating marginal cost and average cost in this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Sociological Analysis of the Role of Cultural Capital in Students’ Social Identity (Case of Study: All students of Islamic Azad University, Arak branch)
Shapour Behyan Sohila Naseri Sedigheh Piri Hassan Piri -
Open Access Article
19 - Validating Organizational Silence Questionnaire at Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of Iran
Salah Naghshbandi Nazanin Rasekh Fahimeh Mohammadhassan -
Open Access Article
20 - Determining the Effective Organizational Characteristics on the Inventory Valuation Methods: Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach in an Emerging Economy
Arash Arianpoor Zaid Salman -
Open Access Article
21 - Media mix elements affecting service brand equity case study: bank sina
Razieh Abedini ali farhangiNowadays Brand equity is one of the key factors to create competitive advantage and success for banks. One of the major contributors towards building brand equity is advertising. Advertising influences brand equity in a number of ways. It thus become extremely important MoreNowadays Brand equity is one of the key factors to create competitive advantage and success for banks. One of the major contributors towards building brand equity is advertising. Advertising influences brand equity in a number of ways. It thus become extremely important for the practicing manager to know how advertising frequency across different media mix elements influences brand equity for different groups of consumers. The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of media mix elements on customer-based brand equity and its dimensions for two separate groups of consumers- first time customers as against repeat customers. Studying method was descriptive and correlation and also data gathering device was questionnaire which its reliability and validity after designing were assessed. Sina bank customers in Tehran city were studying statistical population. Sample quantity was 420 people. In order to select samples, cluster sampling was used. We used the structural equation model (SEM) and SPSS and Amos Graphics 19.0 softwares for our analysis. The Results indicate that advertising frequency in all selected media has been positive effect on brand equity in every two groups of consumers. In addition results show that television is the best medium to influence repeat time customers and event sponsorship is the best medium to influence first time customers. Our research is limited by several factors that can be addressed in future research. Although this study should serve as a guide to brand managers, on the media mix elements that should be focused on to strengthen the dimensions of brand equity while positioning the brand to specific consumer group. Keywords: Brand equity, brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, media mix, first time customers, repeat time customers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Media Mix Elements Affecting Service Brand Equity (Case Study: Sina Bank)
A. A. Farhangi R. AbediniNowadays Brand equity is one of the key factors to create competitive advantage and success for banks. One of the major contributors towards building brand equity is advertising. Advertising influences brand equity in a number of ways. It thus becomes extremely importan MoreNowadays Brand equity is one of the key factors to create competitive advantage and success for banks. One of the major contributors towards building brand equity is advertising. Advertising influences brand equity in a number of ways. It thus becomes extremely important for the practicing managers to know how advertising frequency across different media vehicles influences brand equity for different groups of consumers. The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of media mix elements on customer-based brand equity and its dimensions for two separate groups of first time and repeat customers. The studying method is descriptive and correlation and also data gathering device is the questionnaire which its reliability and validity after designing has been assessed. Sina bank customers in Tehran were studying statistical population. The sample was included 420 people. In order to select samples, cluster sampling was used to select the samples. We have used the structural equation model (SEM) and SPSS and Amos Graphics 19.0 softwares for our analysis. The results indicate that advertising frequency in all selected media has had positive effect on brand equity in every two groups of consumers. In addition, the results show that television is the best medium to influence the repeat time customers and event sponsorship is the best medium to influence the first time customers. Although our research is limited by several factors that can be addressed in future research, this study must be used as a guide by the brand managers who focus on the media mix elements to strengthen the dimensions of brand equity while positioning the brand to specific consumer groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - قابلیت دادههای ماهواره IRS در برآورد تاج پوشش گیاهی (مطالعه موردی:چهارمحال و بختیاری)
مریم محمدی عطاالله ابراهیمی اکبر حقزاده -
Open Access Article
24 - Designing & Giving an Assessment Model for Cultural Affairs by Using Quantative Models
دکتر عباس طلوعی دکتر جعفر رحمانیIn this research the researcher has reviewed culture, its role in societal life, whycultural affairs should be assessed and he has studied functional assessment models.He has then given an assessment model for cultural affairs by studying the practicalessentials existin MoreIn this research the researcher has reviewed culture, its role in societal life, whycultural affairs should be assessed and he has studied functional assessment models.He has then given an assessment model for cultural affairs by studying the practicalessentials existing and interviewing scholars. This research has been done through themeasurement method, the Delphi technique has been used to assign the admissibilitymodel of the research and mathematical examinations have been used to confirm therecommended model's reliability. Finally, the researcher has reached the conclusionthat the model presented has the ability to be used carefully in the assessment ofcultural schedules of a specific organization with a little bit of change in execution,compilation and indexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Political Development in the Era and After the Iranian Constitutional Revolution And the First Decade of the Islamic Revolution(57-67)
omid gahafari mahmoud ketabi نفیسه واعظThe lack of political development of society with existing potential is one of the socio-political issues of the Iranian society. Because, in spite of the capacities, potentials and capabilities of the society, our country did not have a proper process for political dev MoreThe lack of political development of society with existing potential is one of the socio-political issues of the Iranian society. Because, in spite of the capacities, potentials and capabilities of the society, our country did not have a proper process for political development. Development of time can have a positive impact on society that is sustainable and balanced. In order to achieve sustainable development, all the capacities and potentials of the society should be utilized in a desirable manner in order to develop the process, structure and function of political development appropriate to the needs and conditions of the society. With the knowledge and knowledge of the capacities and potential of the community, there can be an appropriate planning for the political development of the country. It seems that the social political climate of Iran has faced many challenges and obstacles in its political development from one hundred years ago. In the context of the lack of political development during the constitutional era, factors such as colonialism and imperialism and the alienation of foreigners in the external dimension and the inability and insufficiency of the political system and internal problems in the internal dimension can be pointed out. Iran, during the Constitutional Revolution, did not achieve political development due to lack of attention to internal and external realities, despite the vast wealth of oil during the years 1962 - 1979, especially late in this period. Because the development pattern of the country is more developed than developed according to the structures of the developed countries, rather than being tailored to the internal conditions. The revolutionary society of Iran during the first decade of the revolution, especially with the end of the imposed war with respect to Islamic beliefs and revolutionary necessities and social desirability and the presence of people in all scenes and their participation in political and social dimensions as an important factor, political development Started Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Extramarital Relations as a Need for Attention (Case Study of Rafsanjan Women)
reza akbari Afsaneh tvassoli bahram ghadimiEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from inter MoreEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of attention was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of the participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Causes of Inefficiency and Development of Parties in Iran of the First Pahlavi Period (Case Study of the Revival Party from 1920 to 1941)
Somaye Emadi Rastegar Sina Forouzesh Gholam Hossein ZargarinejadAuthoritarian political power, with the formation of the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly and the establishment of a legitimate system, became a law-bound power; the party was one of the necessary tools needed in the new political str MoreAuthoritarian political power, with the formation of the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly and the establishment of a legitimate system, became a law-bound power; the party was one of the necessary tools needed in the new political structure. For some reason, however, this revolution failed to achieve its ideals. This led reformists, especially the intellectuals of the Revival Party, to think of establishing a powerful government so that they could put their reformist thoughts and ideals into practice in the political, social, economic, and cultural spheres. The main question with the present article is why did not the party, which with the help of Reza Shah had won the majority of seats in the fifth parliament of the National Assembly, be able to implement its plans and finally become an inefficient party? The research hypothesis is that the founders and members of the Revival Party seem to have been from the ruling groups and the aristocratic class of society, and therefore the party leaders were unable to break out of their original circle and communicate with the masses. The research method of the article is a historical (posteriori) and the method of collecting documentary and library information has been used as a comparative study to describe and analyze the data. The fundamental finding of the present study is that “the factors of inefficiency and discontinuity of the Revival Party have been depending on two internal and external categories.” Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Development Status in Andimesh City and Providing an Appropriate Model
Ishaq Arjmand Siahpoush -
Open Access Article
29 - The Role of the American Economic Crisis in 1929 on the Development of the State Economy in Iran during the First Pahlavi Era
Sina ForoozeshThe decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from u MoreThe decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from underdeveloped countries. The Depression made the Iranian Government and parliament to adopt measures to grapple with it. At this point, the main Q.S of present research is how did the above-mentioned crisis lead to the development of the state economy in Iran during the first Pahlavi era? The research method in the current study is Documentary, based on the qualitative study of data analysis and gathered documents of Iranian economic variables during the Depression. The result of this research is indicating the measures adopted by the government led to a monopoly and state-controlled economy in Iran for cover financial crisis 1929. The measures increased the authority and control of the government over the economy, ultimately, the economy was totally at the disposal of the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Analysis of the Inherent Characteristics of the Human Soul from the Point of View of the Two Philosophical Schools of Peripatetic and Sankehye
Mohammad Karimi Jabbar Amini Jamshid Jalali SheyjaniIn Greek philosophy, the later thinkers of Socrates paid more attention to the subject of “anthropology” than their predecessors, and especially in the works of Aristotle, issues related to this subject were presented in a special way. In parallel with him i MoreIn Greek philosophy, the later thinkers of Socrates paid more attention to the subject of “anthropology” than their predecessors, and especially in the works of Aristotle, issues related to this subject were presented in a special way. In parallel with him in the East, “ontology” was at the service of “anthropology” from the very beginning, and it received considerable attention, including in the Sankehye school. Naturally, in both intellectual traditions, knowing the human soul has been more important and complex than the human body. The present research is responsible for explaining the intrinsic characteristics of the human soul from the perspective of the founders of the mentioned schools in a comparative way. Although Aristotle considered the soul to be abstract from the monster and the incorporeal, he considered it to be the first perfection of the organic natural body. In his view, the rational soul of man was also the sum of the powers of the vegetable and animal souls. But according to the sage Capila, the soul or Purusha has a very transcendent, transcendental and eternal identity which was neither the cause and the creator of something nor the effect and artifact of something. Purusha is entirely abstract from matter or precreity, but it is the stimulus for the emergence of beings. Belief in the multiplicity of populations is also a necessary necessity for the definition of the soul in peripatetic thought, but considering the attributes of the soul in Sankehya thought, the idea of multiplicity seems very strange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Assessing the heavy spring rains and the earth outgoing long wave radiation, Case Study: North West of precipitation 15 April 2016
ali ghaffari محمد سلیقه محمدحسین ناصرزادهThe purpose of this study is assessing the spring precipitation and outgoing long wave radiation using Reviews Climate maps at different levels of the atmosphere, surface and Earth mapping reflecting long-wavelength radiation. For these data synoptic stations of the Nor MoreThe purpose of this study is assessing the spring precipitation and outgoing long wave radiation using Reviews Climate maps at different levels of the atmosphere, surface and Earth mapping reflecting long-wavelength radiation. For these data synoptic stations of the North West (15 April 2016) was obtained from the meteorological. The data from the induction by NCEP-resolution grid of horizontal 5 degrees of length and width of geographic and through the application Grads, maps of sea level, the 500 hpa daily, Vorticity 700 hpa, map convergence and divergence flow of moisture , long wavelength reflectance map of the earth's surface, atmosphere and map omega vertical advection map queries. Reviews maps indicate that the main cause of precipitation North West of Iran on 26 April, entry system, the rainfall from Eastern Europe and accompanying Western air mass with this system, and the effect of convection locally in the morning because of high levels of outgoing long wave earth is very minimal, but in the afternoon the existence of the local convection has intensified and the highest precipitation occurred in the study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Application of GIS and RS in the plating of the Areas Prone to Floods by the Use of SCS Model in Larestan Varband River Catchment Area
Marzieh Moghali Parviz KardavaniThis research was carried out in the catchment basin of Varband River in Larestanlocated in Fars Province in an area of 925.5 km2 by the use of IRS satellite pictures andthe measurer P6 (2006) so that through the use of the software ERDAS8.7, the localcorrections of the MoreThis research was carried out in the catchment basin of Varband River in Larestanlocated in Fars Province in an area of 925.5 km2 by the use of IRS satellite pictures andthe measurer P6 (2006) so that through the use of the software ERDAS8.7, the localcorrections of the related pictures with 15 points and Afain equation with RMSE=0.42 andradiometric corrections with the algorithm of the equivalent rectangles were implemented.The best band combination was selected by the use of a suitable index factor and we usedthe classification under the supervision of the Maximum Similarity Probability Algorithmin order to provide the utilization map. The utilization layers were estimated 0.90 and 0.88by the use of general correctness test and Kapa statistics respectively. The co-precipitationmap was prepared in the environment of ARCGIS9.2 by the use of TPSs algorithm andaltitude-precipitation gradient as well as the map of Curve Number by the use of the mapof hydrologic and utilization groups. The height of the catchment basin slope,inappropriateness of formations, high evaporation and perspiration, soft soil tissue,severity of thundershower, utilization change, low compression of the covering crown andpoorness of pasturelands are among the effective factors in the exposure of the catchmentbasin to the floods. The analysis of each morphometric parameter of the catchment basinindicate that slope, area, shape, time of concentration, and percentage of waterwaycompression are the major effective factors in the exposure of the catchment to the floods.The presence of the rainfalls with duration of 15 minutes for 6-hour thundershowers arethe main factors in the destruction of soil structure and acceleration in the cumulativecurrent of the surface flowing water in Varband catachment basin . The phating map ofthe catchment exposure poteantial to the floods were offered in four classes of very low,low, average, and high. The results of this research showed that the whole productiveflowing water in this catchment basin is 42283746.6 m3 from which the sub-basins M, K,and A with 11.7, 11.3, and 10.01percent have a high exposure respectively and those of Cand G with 4.3 and 5.3 percent have the lowest exposure to the floods respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Change Detection of costal landform in Asalooyeh (south of Iran)
Ali Naeimi Nezamabad Manijeh Ghahroudi Tali Mohammad Reza ServatiRecently progression of Remote Sensing caused that the changes were studied moreaccuracy and fast with less expenses. Method of change detection is a important wayto defined changes in costal in time ranges. Most of landforms in beach were collapsebecause of develop of MoreRecently progression of Remote Sensing caused that the changes were studied moreaccuracy and fast with less expenses. Method of change detection is a important wayto defined changes in costal in time ranges. Most of landforms in beach were collapsebecause of develop of petroleum in costal of Iran. Since petroleum installations wereexpanded in Asalooyeh costal, therefore this spot is one of the area where destroyed inIran. In this research coastal zone was taxonomy based on Geomorphology andIKONOS images in 2000. In the following changes of landforms were studied by IRSimages during 6 years. Unsupervised classification method, change detection, high &low position, statistics analyses and field research were use in order that the land formschanges were reconnoitered and the result were studied in Geography InformationSystem. In effect 85 % of geomorphologic landforms were collapsed because ofindustry installation. There are small gulf and marsh. The rest was destroyed. Some ofthe organizations in Iran make a preservation of natural environments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analytical Maurice and Guttman scales models using the rate in Khuzestan province
Nosrat Farhadi Naser OrakThe first step in planning is to recognize the economic, social and cultural inequalitiesbetween different regions. Since the criteria is very common in regional development, theareas classified according to various indicators of economic, social, cultural and physical. MoreThe first step in planning is to recognize the economic, social and cultural inequalitiesbetween different regions. Since the criteria is very common in regional development, theareas classified according to various indicators of economic, social, cultural and physical.Because of the important role of the Khuzestan province level has always been of interest tomanagers and administrators spent planning specific to this region. This province has apopulation of over 4.2 million people that is 23 city and 67 percent in urban areas and ruralareas are remaining. This research is descriptive method, analytical measurements and datacollection methods and statistical library has been done to determine position of theKhuzestan province and inharmonious Maurice and Guttman scales models is used.Coefficient based on the calculated results of development assistance Maurice and Guttmanscales models in Khuzestan province, Behbahan city having highest and Andika city has thelowest coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of the effective geographical factors on the codification of National Iranian Strategy with emphasis on political Strategy.
معصومه Taheri MousaviNot Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes comp MoreNot Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes complex vast assessment from technologic resources, national preferences, and geopolitical factors. There are many relations between strategies study and political sciences, it's clear that three studies include strategy Geopolitics and political geography have common. Concepts and similar patterns, as position, distance, space, distribution and composition. Geopolitics view pointers believe : "Political national boundaries access to important sea ways, they emphasis about international lands beside seas. Thus Iran has special physical anthropological position and needs suitable strategy in different levels as national field areas, regional, and international. Because Iran has settles between Caspian sea in north and Persian Golf in south, due to has been necessary making use maritime power with codification navy strategy, consensus and coalition strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Participation of Tehran citizens in the activities domain of municipality (Case study: citizens of region 4)
جمال عبداله پور حسن مختارپور رجبعلی مختارپورToday, most experts believe that the focused urbanmanagement experience is failed and it is impossible without citizenparticipation. So the attraction of citizen's participation is the mainconcerns of the urban new management. Tehran Municipality the oneof the major ins MoreToday, most experts believe that the focused urbanmanagement experience is failed and it is impossible without citizenparticipation. So the attraction of citizen's participation is the mainconcerns of the urban new management. Tehran Municipality the oneof the major institutions of urban management has adopted the socialapproach in order to attract the participation of citizens and has takenthe basic steps. The purpose of the present article is to explore thestatus of Tehran citizens' participation in doing activities ofmunicipality (case study region 4).Method: The survey method based on questionnaire was used toexamine this subject. The statistical data analysis techniques such asmean, Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis methods were usedto analyse data.Results: The research results indicate a low level of citizensparticipation that its changes will be explained with factors such asgender, education, knowledge and information on urban management,expected rewards of participation, association membership, experienceand interest in and desire to live in neighborhoods.Conclusion: Municipality can enhance citizen's participation andattract it in doing its activities with different measures based on resultsof this study . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Discussion of agents influencing citizens' participations on managing urban affairs (Case Study: Urmia City)
رحیم سرور میرنجف موسوی شمساله کاظمیزادIntroduction and Objective: Making citizens take part in managing their own city affairs tends to their active motions and responsibility and undertaking as well. This active presence results in the formation of mutual relations between those folks and city management s MoreIntroduction and Objective: Making citizens take part in managing their own city affairs tends to their active motions and responsibility and undertaking as well. This active presence results in the formation of mutual relations between those folks and city management system, and this in turn causes city management system to be dynamic and in accordance with citizens requirements. In this paper we have made an attempt not only introduce the governing theories of citizen participations but also to test this factor in the real case of Urmia city. Method: This paper approach is based on analyzing-describing. The research instrument is documentary and determinative research by distributing questionnaires about the governing agents of citizenship participation among Urmia citizens (family leaders). The statistical society of our research includes 384 Urmia citizens. Results and discussion: space distribution of the participation of the citizens for Urmia showed that the level of participation in regions, 1, 4, 3 and 2 was 62%, 56%, 53% and 51% in respect the highest level of participation belong to the first urban area. The highest level of participation of this region is that of cleaning urban environment (90.5%) and the lowest level was in planting trees (40.3%). The lowest level of participation is in the two municipality's area, that the highest level of participation belongs to cleaning urban spaces (77.8%) and their lowest level is for the issue of getting a member of the unions (20.3%). The results show that among all of the components the cleaning of urban spaces was the first matter of participation in Urmia with a percentage of 71.5% and the least participation was belonging to tree planting (31.5%). Generally, the participation ratio of Urmia citizens has been 55.5% which indicates the average participation to manage urban affairs. And the determining factors of this index are: age, education, family dimension, residency in neighborhood, activity status, occupation kind and house type Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Kinetics Models of Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution Using TiO2-Fe2O3 Composite
Sara Rajabi Mehdi Bahrami Mohammad Reza MahmoudiBackground and Aim: Heavy metals are considered as one of the important factors threatening water quality in many areas, so they have attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research, the temporal variations of arsenic removal from aqueous solution were inv MoreBackground and Aim: Heavy metals are considered as one of the important factors threatening water quality in many areas, so they have attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research, the temporal variations of arsenic removal from aqueous solution were investigated using a photocatalytic-adsorbent composite TiO2-Fe2O3 for 360 minutes. Then the capability of linear and nonlinear models of Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and power was evaluated in describing the kinetic process.Method: To determine the kinetics of arsenic adsorption from aqueous solution by TiO2-Fe2O3 composite, batch adsorption experiments were performed at pH 7, initial concentration of 40 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 1 g/L. After linear and nonlinear fitting of the kinetic models on the adsorption data and finding the constants of each model, the adsorption amount was calculated at different times and compared with the values measured in the laboratory.Results: The results showed that the amount of adsorption increased with increasing time, and the concentration of arsenic reached equilibrium in 25 minutes. Considering the values of error functions in linear fitting, it was observed that the Pseudo-second-order equation with the lowest errors and the highest coefficient of determination (99.92%) was better agreed to the laboratory data. After this model, the Pseudo-first-order equation performed better, and the weakest simulation was for the Elovich model. In nonlinear analysis, the coefficients of determination of all models were high and very close to each other, so according to the values of error functions, the Elovich model had the lowest error value, which indicates the best fit on the kinetic data. Afterward, power, Pseudo-second order, and Pseudo-first order models had the best fit on the kinetic absorption data, respectively.Conclusion: Comparison of models up to 360 minutes using the coefficient of determination and error functions (R-squared, root-mean-square error, sum of squares error, sum of absolute errors, absolute relative error, HYBRID, Marquardt’s percentage standard deviation), showed that the use of linear shape can lead to a completely different result and interpretation than the nonlinear shape of the model. So that based on linear methods, Pseudo -second-order model and based on nonlinear methods, the Elovich model had the best fit on kinetic data. Nonlinear fits of kinetic models were also superior to linear forms. In general, the results showed that TiO2-Fe2O3 composite has a high potential for arsenic removal from an aqueous solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - "Investigation of the relationship of al-Haqiqah al-Muhammadiyah with ProphetMuhammad in the school of Ibn Arabi based on the interpretation of the comme
seyedeh zahra Mousavi baygi Seyyed Mortaza Hosseini Shahrudi Abbas javareshkianOne of the basic topics in theoretical mysticism and especially in Muhyiddin'sreadingisthe question of the truth of Muhammad.Becauseof the mediationof this all-encompassingtruth, between therightand the people, he has a relationshipwith the right and a relationshipwith MoreOne of the basic topics in theoretical mysticism and especially in Muhyiddin'sreadingisthe question of the truth of Muhammad.Becauseof the mediationof this all-encompassingtruth, between therightand the people, he has a relationshipwith the right and a relationshipwith the people.The connectionbetweentheMuhammadan truth and creation canbe examined fromvarious dimensions,one of the most important of which inIbn Arabi's thought can be considered the connectionbetween the MuhammadantruthandMuhammad,thelast prophet of God.The current study,whichis written in analytical way, triesto answer the question,"What is therelationship between Muhammad'struth and Muhammad inthe Muhyiddin school?"Is the Prophetmanifestationof the progress of the Muhammadan truth or is he the physicaland at the same timeuniquemanifestationof thisall-encompassing truth? Basedon the author's induction,despite the existence ofnumerousreferencesto theanswer to the above-mentioned question in the worksof the Sheikhand his first-classcommentators, there is noclarification on this matter,but in the worksof hislate followers,two different viewshave beenpresented;Some believe that the relationshipbetween theMuhammadan truth and the ProphetMuhammadisanexclusiverelationship, while another groupbelieves that the Muhammadantruth has manyexamples and,accordingly,itsphysical manifestation isnot exclusive to the Prophet Muhammad.The result of the investigations carried out in this research is that, based on the expressions of Ibn Arabi,theSheikh'sviewshould be considered as the first reading, that is, the existence of a special and exclusive relationship betweentheMuhammadan truth and the last prophet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Book of Isaiah: the Unity of Authorship or the Multiple Authorship
Mazaher AhmadtobiThe Book of Isaiah is one of the three books of the second part of the Nevi’im, the Major Latter Prophets, from three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Some of scholars believe that the entire sixty and six chapters of the Book of Isaiah are the product of a single autho MoreThe Book of Isaiah is one of the three books of the second part of the Nevi’im, the Major Latter Prophets, from three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Some of scholars believe that the entire sixty and six chapters of the Book of Isaiah are the product of a single author, the historical Isaiah of Jerusalem, by citing the linguistic, stylistic, and theological similarities. But majority of scholars divide it into three distinct parts, by citing the historical, linguistic, stylistic, and theological differences and assign them, respectively, to First Isaiah, Second Isaiah, and Third Isaiah. This article, written in descriptive and analytic way, deals with the historical background of the unity of authorship or the multiple authorship of this book, and the factors of the adherents of each of these views. Adherents of the unity of authorship consider use of the concepts such as a highway, Zion, the holy one of Israel, and pangs of a woman in travail throughout the book as justifying their views. Adherents of the multiple authorship respond to it by saying Second Isaiah, and Third Isaiah were the followers of Isaiah and then these similarities come from this point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A Study of the Term “Caliph of God” in Mystical Texts (2nd to 11th Century AH)
masoud shavaraniThe doctrine of "Caliph of God" is an important doctrine in Islamic theology and is the most important basis for thinking about the superiority of man. Considering the influence of Islamic mysticism on the formation of Islamic theology, this study seeks to investigate t MoreThe doctrine of "Caliph of God" is an important doctrine in Islamic theology and is the most important basis for thinking about the superiority of man. Considering the influence of Islamic mysticism on the formation of Islamic theology, this study seeks to investigate the use and evolution of the meanings of this term in mystical texts. Our method for this research is the analysis of the descriptive content of the first mystical texts up to the 11th century AH. The findings of this study show that the phrase "Caliph of God" has been used four times in all books of the second and third centuries AH. Later, in the fourth and fifth centuries AH, it is still rare to see this phrase in mystical texts; but its frequency has increased compared to the past. But from the sixth and seventh centuries onwards, this phrase has been used extensively. In the following centuries, the use of "Caliph of God" has been completely institutionalized and its examples have become diverse; but the most important example was the "Perfect Man." Also throughout these centuries, many Sufis have always explicitly or indirectly opposed to the use of the term and avoided mentioning it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil and Extract of Cirsium Congestum
M. Jalili A. Sharifi -
Open Access Article
43 - Quantitative Investigation and Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Petroleum Reservoirs Aquifer
iman darvishi Mohamad Hossein Ghazanfarri Riyaz KharratBackground and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in MoreBackground and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and in aquifers is one of the disposal ways. Method: In this project using commercial simulator CO2 Sequestration in an oil reservoir aquifer has been simulated in compositional way. Reservoir connected aquifer has been simulated using Fetkovich model and injection wells are completed in aquifer section. Simulation has been performed under four different scenarios in vertical and horizontal wells. Findings: CO2 injection and storage in aquifer are possible in different cases like free gas, sequestrated (entrapped) gas, gas solved in water and storage as solid minerals that with regards the conditions in this study, entrapped gas and free gas were resultful. Discussion and Conclusion: Results show better potential for this end for horizontal wells than vertical wells, which two horizontal (3.3e+11 sm3) wells or six vertical wells (6.9e+11) are required to inject and store specified volume of CO2 and due to the importance of well completion and durability of gas in reservoir, down completion is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Content Analysis of Math Textbooks in the First level of Primary School Based on the Components of Sustainability Education with Shannon Entropy Technique
Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Papkiade Mohammadreza sarmadi Elahe Aminifar Seyed Mohammad ShobeiriBackground and Objective: The existence of unique challenges in the present age has caused the need for real changes in a completely new way of thinking and acting in society. Therefore, the use of sustainability education in the production of fully aware human resource MoreBackground and Objective: The existence of unique challenges in the present age has caused the need for real changes in a completely new way of thinking and acting in society. Therefore, the use of sustainability education in the production of fully aware human resources, especially given the basic skills of understanding and knowledge required in the 21st century, is critical. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the first grade primary mathematics textbooks based on the components of sustainability education. Material and Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. Unit of analysis (images, text, class activity and practice and class work). The statistical population is the mathematics textbooks of the first primary school. In this study, the entire content was analyzed based on three components of sustainability education (economic, social and environmental). The sample size was the same as the statistical population and was considered as a census. To confirm the validity and checklist, face and content validity with the opinions of experts was used and its reliability was 0.92 by Holstie method and Shannon entropy method was used to process the collected data. Findings: Findings showed that environmental images in all three levels have a higher frequency than the other unit of analysis and among all the components of sustainability education, the environmental component in all the first primary courses had the highest and the lowest economic frequency. Also, based on the information load criterion and the coefficient of importance, the environmental criterion has the highest value in the first grade and the social criterion in the second and third grades. Also, sustainability education in the second and third grades were the same. Discussion and Conclusion: The affidavits emphasize that the necessary balance and coherence between the three components of sustainability education has not been established and that the components of sustainability education have not been given due attention in the content of the first period math textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigation on water quality of zabol chahnimeh reservoirs from drinking water and agricultural viewpoint with focus on schuler & vilcoks diagrams
Iman Homayoonnezhad Paria Amirian Issa PiriIntroduction & aim: Because of the water deficiency, people's requirements and high costs of refining especially in urban zones, water resources management is very essential. Zabol Chahnimeh reservoirs are three natural and big cavities in the south of Sistan Plain MoreIntroduction & aim: Because of the water deficiency, people's requirements and high costs of refining especially in urban zones, water resources management is very essential. Zabol Chahnimeh reservoirs are three natural and big cavities in the south of Sistan Plain Located in South-Eastern Iran and It Includes 50 Millions square meter extent. Stored Water In These Cavities Are Used To Sistan Earth And For Providing Drink Water of Zabol And Zahedan Cities. Because of the drink and agricultural usage and for investigation of water quality of chah-nimeh reservoirs, this research has been done in one year. Methods: In this research density of Na+ ,Mg2+, Ca2+ ,Cl- ، SO42- and EC , TDS ,TH parameters have been analyzed in 9 stations, then results have been rebounded on schuler & vilcoks diagrams. Results: Results showed the quality of water in reservoirs viewpoint of drinking sited in acceptable stage and viewpoint of agricultural sited in C3S1 (average quality) stage. Discussion & conclusion: finally, if the texture of soil be light, we can use water of these reservoirs for agricultural activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The profitability of pairs trading strategy based on linear state-space models and the Kalman filter in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad mehdi barahimipour sayyed mohammad reza davoodiStatistical arbitrage as one of the subsets of algorithmic trading refers to strategies that employ some statistical model or method to take advantage of what appears to be mispricing between assets while maintaining a level of market neutrality. One of these strategies MoreStatistical arbitrage as one of the subsets of algorithmic trading refers to strategies that employ some statistical model or method to take advantage of what appears to be mispricing between assets while maintaining a level of market neutrality. One of these strategies is pair trading that implements on two related long-term(co-integration) financial assets. The pair trading strategy of the research is based on the description of the visible process, the remainder of the co-integration model in terms of an invisible mean reverting process. This representation is in a state-space model and solved by the Kalman filter approach and the time of buying and selling is calculated in terms of two probabilities of growth and fall. The profitability of pair trading strategy on 21 stocks from oil product index and basic metal index of Tehran Stock Exchange between 1390-1395 was evaluated according to return and Sharp ratio. The results of the research show that the research method has the daily returns of 0.0048 and Sharp 1.23, which is more profitable in comparison with the pair trading based cointegration and market performance but the average daily its return is in the second place after the co-integration method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of banks on systemic risk with the marginal expected shortfall (MES) approach using the GMM model
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amirySystemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting t MoreSystemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting this risk in the banking industry is the main purpose of this study. In this study, the relationship between macroeconomic indicators (interest rate, economic growth rate and inflation), risk (liquidity and default risk) and competitiveness (Herfindahl-Hirschman index and asset size) using banks' data from 2009 to date and with The GMM data panel method was tested.The results of modeling show that there is a significant and direct relationship between default risk index (credit) and systemic risk of the banking industry. Also, in all competition indicators, including Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the size of banks, there is a direct relationship, and in macroeconomic indicators, the relationship between interest rates and inflation with the systemic risk of banks is direct and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of the banking industry on the index of economic growth and consumer inflation in iran’s economy
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amiryIn recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic f MoreIn recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic fluctuations. This study seeks to find an answer to the relationship between economic growth, inflation and risk and competitive banking indicators using the GMM model and quarterly data from the country's banks since 2007.The results show that there is a significant relationship between economic growth and systemic risk indicators and Herfindahl-Hirschman. With the increase in systemic risk of the banking sector and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the country's economic growth index has decreased; Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling and reducing the systemic risk of the banking network is very important to increase economic growth. On the other hand, banks' competition in the country's economy is not useful and effective for economic growth and destructive competition dominates the country's banking network. Regarding inflation, the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking industry and inflation is positive and one of the inflationary factors in the country's economy is the competition of banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A New Approach to Evaluate the Performance of Value-at-risk Estimators, Using Genetic Algorithms
Seyed Ali Nabavi Chashmi Hamze Pourbabagol Ahmad Dadashpoor OmraniValue at Risk (VaR) is the maximum loss which could be incurred within a given time horizon, except for a small percentage, that its application has sharply increased after the 90s. Parallel to the increase in usage of value-at-risk in risk management are MoreValue at Risk (VaR) is the maximum loss which could be incurred within a given time horizon, except for a small percentage, that its application has sharply increased after the 90s. Parallel to the increase in usage of value-at-risk in risk management areas, validation of VaR measures has gain great importance. In prevalent back testing approaches, returns which are yielded from VaR estimators are not regarded as a criterion. It's may not be desirable for the investors who emphasize on return more than the risk. What distinguishes this study from other researches in the field of back testing VaR estimation models is the simultaneous consideration of actual return and loss(CVaR) which were yielded from VaR estimators as criteria of risk and return that are the primary basis for financial studies. On the other hand, due to relativeness of risk and return in terms of investors, we considered the weight of these two indexes as fuzzy. In this paper, we constitute and optimize our risky portfolio with safety-first investor's rule. We need to estimate quantile of risky portfolio's return in objective function of safety-first investor's rule to optimize the portfolio. VaR estimators were used to calculate it. On the other hand, given the non- convexity of VaR function and also other reasons, we applied one of the most popular meta-heuristic models namely genetic algorithms for optimization. Our findings show that GEV and HS models are more conservative than parametric models (t-student and normal) and also have better performance in portfolio optimization. The empirical findings also indicate that safety-first investor will choose significantly different amounts of borrowing. Thus, the scale of the risky portfolio and the amount borrowed is diverse across methods. There is another interesting finding. Despite the computational simplicity of historical simulation method, it has shown the best performance of all. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluation of Pairs Trading Strategy Using Distance Approach at Tehran Stock Exchange
Masood Tadi Majid Abkar Vahid MotahariniaAlgorithmic trading has become one of the main strategies in financial industry. This kind of trading involves trading strategies based on computer programs to decide whether to send their orders. Pairs trading strategy is one of the most popular and however, most under MoreAlgorithmic trading has become one of the main strategies in financial industry. This kind of trading involves trading strategies based on computer programs to decide whether to send their orders. Pairs trading strategy is one of the most popular and however, most understandable strategies in algorithmic trading. To implement a pairs trading strategy we can utilize several approaches or a combination of them. In this paper the distance approach has been considered. In this approach the two stocks that have least square distance between their normalized prices are being chosen for pairs trading. In this study, in order to implement this strategy, shares pair of metallic ores mining industry and price data in the year of 1395 have been selected. The strategies and the test, performance test trading strategies buy and hold strategy compared. In this paper all of stocks are selected from mining of metal ore industry during the first 9 months of the 1392 SH. Finally, the performance of pairs trading strategy is compared with buy and hold strategy and after that the favorable range of threshold and optimum threshold size is calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - A New Method for Ranking Fuzzy Numbers By the Center Of Mass
H. Hadi Momenseraee M. Afshar Kermani -
Open Access Article
52 - Comparative Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbooks in first Grade Students of Elementary Schools in Iran, Japan and America
E. Reyhani M. Izadi -
Open Access Article
53 - کنترل بازخورد بهینه معادلات انتگرو-دیفرانسیل شبه خطی کسری در فضاهای باناخ
سهراب ولی زاده عبدالله برهانی فر محمد رضا عبدالله پوراخیرا، پیشرفت قابل توجهی در وجود جوابهای خفیف معادلات انتگرو-دیفرانسیل شبه خطی کسری صورت گرفته است ولی کنترل بهینه ارائه نشده است. هدف این مقاله، بررسی کنترل بازخورد بهینه معادلات انتگرو-دیفرانسیل شبه خطی کسری در یک فضای دلخواه باناخ مجهز به عملگرهای نیم گروه فشرده گستر Moreاخیرا، پیشرفت قابل توجهی در وجود جوابهای خفیف معادلات انتگرو-دیفرانسیل شبه خطی کسری صورت گرفته است ولی کنترل بهینه ارائه نشده است. هدف این مقاله، بررسی کنترل بازخورد بهینه معادلات انتگرو-دیفرانسیل شبه خطی کسری در یک فضای دلخواه باناخ مجهز به عملگرهای نیم گروه فشرده گسترش یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - On the Modified Block-Pulse Function for Volterra Integral Equation of The First Kind
مهناز محمدی علیرضا وحیدی طیبه دمیرچلی سعید خضرلو مصطفی نوریIn this work, we present a simple efficient modified Block-Pulse functions (MBPFs) for numerical solution of class of linear Volterra integral equation of first kind. The peresent method is based on converting Volterra integral equation of the first kind into Volterra i MoreIn this work, we present a simple efficient modified Block-Pulse functions (MBPFs) for numerical solution of class of linear Volterra integral equation of first kind. The peresent method is based on converting Volterra integral equation of the first kind into Volterra integral equation of the second kind. Some theorems are included to show the convergence and advantage of this method. Numerical results show that the approximate solutions have a good degree of ‎accuracy.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - On solving ordinary differential equations of the first order by updating the Lagrange multiplier in variational iteration method
SH. Javadi -
Open Access Article
56 - On Fuzzy Solution for Exact Second Order Fuzzy Differential Equation
A. Armand Z. Gouyandeh -
Open Access Article
57 - Homotopy approximation technique for solving nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations of the first kind
SH. Sadigh ‎Behzadi -
Open Access Article
58 - Curriculum Vitae and its Evolution in Arabic literature
Seyyed Ebrahim ArmanArabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and Arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. Some believe that the literary genres and systems pro MoreArabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and Arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. Some believe that the literary genres and systems prose are taken from the West. While if we look closely, we find models of them in the old Arab literature, though contemporary men of letters were affected by the West in some of its elements. The biographies and memoirs are considered of the old prose types in the world literature in general and in the Arab literature from the special viewpoint because it is as old as the human, and The CV is one of the divisions of biographies and memoirs, the author of what lists the stages of his/her personal life with his/her pen. This article aims to study this prose art over its originality in Arabic literature pointing to the most outstanding models for this literary art and its pioneers since the past centuries until the modern era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Thirst in the epic of Karbala
Saeideh Mir Hagh Joo Langroudi Fatemeh Ali Nejad ChamazkatiIn literary texts, water is a symbol of science, life, purity and light. In mystical texts, this element finds deeper meanings and becomes a symbol of inner purity, eternal life and divine light and manifestations. In these texts, in accordance with the symbolic concept MoreIn literary texts, water is a symbol of science, life, purity and light. In mystical texts, this element finds deeper meanings and becomes a symbol of inner purity, eternal life and divine light and manifestations. In these texts, in accordance with the symbolic concepts of water, the symbol of thirst will have a special meaning. Expressing the seeker's passion for reaching his beloved is its most prominent meaning. The story of water and thirst in the event of Ashura is rooted in facts; But the expression of mystical and symbolic interpretations of events and happenings related to water and thirst is very thought-provoking. Especially that these mystical interpretations are mixed with poetic performances and have given a new color and smell to the sayings and actions of those present in this scene of history. Seeking water sometimes means seeking the status of annihilation in the sheikh. Sometimes, annihilation in the name of God and Saqayat means taking the water of knowledge and truth from the monotheism and conveying it to those who are thirsty for the principle. These interpretations are rooted in our mystical texts and poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - An Investigation of the Effects of Alternative Sentences to Imprisonment for Financial Crimes; in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian Law Considering Other Countries’ Experiences
Effat BabaeiThe purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of alternative sentences to imprisonment in the case of financial crimes from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian law considering other countries’ experiences in this regard. The me MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of alternative sentences to imprisonment in the case of financial crimes from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Iranian law considering other countries’ experiences in this regard. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that since Hadd (limitation) punishment also includes financial crimes, there is no possibility to change or mitigate the sentence. However, the exploration of jurisprudential rules relevant to changing Hadd to Ta’zir and/or exemption of imprisonment as a sort of Hadd show that turning the punishment can be executed for the first offenders in this field. The important principle in the criminal rights called the equality of punishments is also observed by this plan and thereby the worst blow is struck against the violator managers. A survey of the legal cases in other countries having executed the same plan confirmed the positive effects of this measure. Of course, it is emphasized that in case of crime repetition, the main sentence of imprisonment and/or even capital punishment must be executed for them as it is advised in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). Therefore, it is suggested to the judiciary chiefs and lawmakers in the country to take necessary measures for the official acknowledgment of the above-mentioned plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A Jurisprudential Study of Judiciary Procedure of the Divorce for Religious-Sectional Minorities in Iran Based on the Courts' Rules
Masoumeh Sheikhnia Rasoul AbaftThe purpose of the present research is the jurisprudential review of judiciary procedures of the divorce for religious-sectional minorities in Iran based on the courts' rules. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Islamic jurisprude MoreThe purpose of the present research is the jurisprudential review of judiciary procedures of the divorce for religious-sectional minorities in Iran based on the courts' rules. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Islamic jurisprudence based on the principle of Ibrām and Ilzām (insistence and obligation), necessitates respecting to the minorities who live in Iran and gives them autonomy to decide on their own personal affairs. Official minorities in our country have associations which take measures to proceed with the divorce according to their own religion. Co-religion marriages have some special complicacies and in general, the marriage of a Muslim woman to a non-Muslim man is null and void. Besides, the marriage of a Muslim man to a non-Muslim woman is allowed if only the woman becomes Muslim so the general courts do not have qualification to proceed with this issue. However, if one leaves the religion of Islam due to marriage, the issue of apostasy is raised which is more important than following up divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - An Analysis of the Essence of Waiting Bonds in Jurisprudence; their Challenges and Inefficiencies
Manoochehr Ghafoori Mohammad Sadeghi Alireza RajabzadehThe present study aims to analyze the essence of waiting bonds in Islamic jurisprudence as well as their challenges and inefficiencies. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection was done by library method. The results showed that since bonds rely o MoreThe present study aims to analyze the essence of waiting bonds in Islamic jurisprudence as well as their challenges and inefficiencies. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection was done by library method. The results showed that since bonds rely on loans with interest, they are considered as a type of usury and Harām from the view of Islam. Thus they cannot be used in the Islamic countries for financial provision. To solve this problem, initially corporate bonds were issued; however, because they rely on physical plans, they will become useless when corporations face problems in buying finance and providing cash so financial experts have designed a new monetary tool to deal with this issue. Ultimately, Islamic financial instruments or bonds were produced through creating Islamic banking system. Although they have been release just recently and have not yet been tested amid financial crises and economic fluctuations, as well as other challenges such as religious restrictions, the contradictions between the Fatwās in Islamic financial affairs, the religious risk of using securities in the field of principles, lack of supply, stock-exchange game, lack of essential standards, legal and supervisory challenges, and ownership problems in bonds have created uncertainty in their long term success so the real risk ahead of investors will be immeasurable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Proportion of Islam and Politics: A Fuzzy Logic Approach
Mahdi Qavami‐Pur Mohammad Ali Hosseini‐ZadeWhereas one group of researchers think of Islam as inherently political in their investigating the proportion of Islam to politics, the other group thinks of&nb MoreWhereas one group of researchers think of Islam as inherently political in their investigating the proportion of Islam to politics, the other group thinks of the political reading of Islam as a new phenomenon that has resulted from the contact between Islamic world and the West and modernity. Either has presented many proofs and documents, and so far none of them has succeeded in convincing the other. However, based on the fuzzy logic, which shows that any proposition can be either true or false, it can be said that while facing politics and power, Islam has invariably taken a position given its own position, and in fact the position has been with particular political proportion. On the other hand, although the political Islam has been conceptually unprecedented, it is not disproportionate to Islam. More importantly, by using a fuzzy set, it can be seen that scholars and religious authorities have always been political to some extent during the Occultation, and the avoidance of politics under the title of dissimulation, stopping the enforcement of religious punishments during the Occultation according to some religious scholars’ jurisprudential opinion, or the establishment of the Islamic Government with jurists’ guardianship and their governance over all pillars of power, all constitute the zero and one of our fuzzy set, which have the least membership in the fuzzy set, and most scholars, authorities and Shiite thoughts fall within zero and one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The reflections of authorities and governors' countenance in Obeid's works
ahmad zakeri khalil FaeziState formation is the highest step of a dynamic society evolution and its development. And the state is the most important and most complicated institute which is formed and built as a result of harmonious development of other social organizations and institutes and du MoreState formation is the highest step of a dynamic society evolution and its development. And the state is the most important and most complicated institute which is formed and built as a result of harmonious development of other social organizations and institutes and due to its fundamental role, is in charge of harmonizing their responsibilities and functions. This significant social institute, in Obeid era, namely 8th Hijira century, which was the era of oppression and encroachments, became so instable that in which each king, religion and sect its rules and orders had .in this era of oppression and invasion and Mongols encroachments of local emirs and princes, Obeid as a great social reformists, aware of his age problems and misfortunes, bravely and skillfully criticizes the backwardness of his time governors and officials who were ignorant,tyrant,sycophant,flatterer. In this paper, the writers have tried to show what has been reflected on Obeid's works of this dark age and have done their effort to present it to readers and lovers of Iran and make it clear to our readers how this great satirist lived and criticized its age with his sweet and biting critiques . Let it be the lantern of our own way today to lead us through darkness of the time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The stone children image the first intifada Palestine in the poetry of Nizar Qobbani the case of study (triple stone children)
Moosa Arabi zahra SohrabikiaAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pione MoreAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pioneers of the intifada. This research according to descriptive method tries to analyze The countenance of children of the stones of the first intifada of Palestine in Nizar Kabbani’s poems exactly in The Trilogy of the Children of the Stones. It considers how these children perform their role and show their countenance in resistance. The most important conclusion is that, their countenance unmask the heavy defeat of Arab men against the Zionist and negligence of Arab society in Palestine history. They are shown like characters who do jihad, protest, fight and die for holey purposes in contradicting men who are traitors, pensioners and just do something for business. Children who illuminate the Arabic language, identity and name. They urge others by hope and light. They destroy the absurd Arabic songs and give new and fresh identity and meaning to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The analysis of narrative time in Sahar Khalifeh's Hobbi al-Awwal (My First and Only Love), according to Gerard Genette' structuralist theory
Hamideh Souri Mostafa Babak Farzaneh LEILA GHASEMITime is one of the main structural elements upon which stories are formed. In classics, time structure relied on a logical and causal relationship, but along with the changes in reality, time movement was subjected to the changes. The writers benefited from this element MoreTime is one of the main structural elements upon which stories are formed. In classics, time structure relied on a logical and causal relationship, but along with the changes in reality, time movement was subjected to the changes. The writers benefited from this element in their narrative objectives and decided to experience other forms of the time. This attitude caused to leave sequential time and disagreement between narrative and story times. The difference between two times is made in contemporary novels by the sequence and rhythm techniques. Sahar Khalifeh retells history of Palestine through a love story in Hobbi al-Awwal (My First and Only Love), by returning to the past. Adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this research examines time structure in the novel without attention to the concept of repetition on the basis of Genette's narrative time, and through temporal distances between the story and narrative, by using a descriptive-analytic method. The time structure of the novel due to the interference between the present and the past is scattered. This is formed by various techniques for strengthening the story's objectives, which either accelerate or decelerate the narrative and include summary, deletion, stream of consciousness, internal dialogue and rendition, making time longer in some scenes and shorter in some others. Manuscript profile -
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67 - A Sociological Reading of Poetic Innovations in AbuNuwas’s Poetry
Azade montazeriAbu Nuwas Hasan Ibn Hani,Persian poet, is one of the greatest poets in Arabic literature and his innovative effortsinthe poetry have been followed by different Studiesanddiscussions throughtheages. In this study, it is tried to analyze AbuNuwas'spoetic innovations MoreAbu Nuwas Hasan Ibn Hani,Persian poet, is one of the greatest poets in Arabic literature and his innovative effortsinthe poetry have been followed by different Studiesanddiscussions throughtheages. In this study, it is tried to analyze AbuNuwas'spoetic innovations based on sociological reading .It is aimed to find motives and reasons for this literaryeventinthefirstAbbasid period, like hisShiitetendenciesand appearanceof new socialclasses whichcameaftermixing ofArabculturewith other cultures,in addition to contradictions and the rapid changes in the new society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The chllaenges of comparative literature in iran
Hadi Nazari Monazam Reyhaneh Mansoori Comparative Literature is a kind of literary researches that born in france and grew up then expanded at the second half of the twentieth century in third world universities. Comparative literature in its simple and primary concept is very old.the aim that we co More Comparative Literature is a kind of literary researches that born in france and grew up then expanded at the second half of the twentieth century in third world universities. Comparative literature in its simple and primary concept is very old.the aim that we consider in this research is comparative literature in its causative concept in Iranian universities. Comparative literative was established by the efforts of lady fatemeh sayyah in Iran and in researches of competent scholars like Dr Mohammad mohamadi and jawad Hadidi and Azartash Azarnoush culminated. But this academic unit has faced a huge number of challenges such as severe lack of know ledgeable teachers and inatten tion to theory of comparative literature. This study is an attempt to provide a picture of the history of comparative literature in Iran and its encountered challenges Manuscript profile -
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69 - Experimental Study and Modeling of Friction Stir Welding Process of Aluminum 1100 Alloys, using Artificial Neural Network with Taguchi Method
V. Zakeri Mehrabad Ali Doniavi A. Gholipoor -
Open Access Article
70 - Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposite Beams based on the First Order Shear Deformation Theory
Mahdi Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
71 - Examine factor structureBlais self-determination Work Motivation Inventory among primary and secondary first and second teachers of northern cities west Azarbaijan
Ehsan Azimpour Javad Mesrabadi Peyman YarmohammadzadehThis research was done to examine the factor structure of Blais Self-determination Work Motivation Inventory among primary and secondary first and second teachers of northern cities of west Azarbaijan. The research population consisted of 4 MoreThis research was done to examine the factor structure of Blais Self-determination Work Motivation Inventory among primary and secondary first and second teachers of northern cities of west Azarbaijan. The research population consisted of 4478 primary and secondary first and second teachers The research sample was selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling method. Research inventory was Blais Self-determination Work Motivation Inventory(1994). Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha reliability was sused to anlyze the data. The results of confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that the six-factor model reached an acceptable fit to the data (p≤0/001). The amount 0/85 for Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the questionnaire is reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Training Kohlbergâs Hypothetical Dilemmas, Training the Real Life Dilemmas, and Training Positive Emotion Induction on Moral Decision Making
توران علیزاده شعله امیری محمد طاهر نشاط دوست هوشنگ طالبیThe aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of training Kohlberg’s dilemmas procedures, real life dilemmas, and positive emotion induction on moral decision making. This was a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study with control group. The sample cons MoreThe aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of training Kohlberg’s dilemmas procedures, real life dilemmas, and positive emotion induction on moral decision making. This was a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study with control group. The sample consisted of 120. female students selected via multistep cluster sampling method, who were randomly, assigned into four groups. The experimental groups received Kohlberg’s dilemmas and real life dilemmas during 8 sessions, 70 minutes each, one group was induced by positive emotion and the control group was left untreated. All the participants completed the daily moral decision making task (Starke et.l, 2011) as the pre-test, post-test and the follow up. Adopting MANCOVA and ANCOVA for data analysis, the findings showed that, training groups and induction positive emotion were effective in moral decision making (P < 0.05). The follow up L.S.D test showed that although all intervention methods were effective in moral decision making (P=0.01), none of the interventions had significant difference with each other. Manuscript profile -
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73 - The effect of emotional and social adjustment on students' online high-risk behaviors
AliReza Savadkouhi Masoud Sharifi Omid Shokrithe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional and social adjustment on students' high-risk online behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was the first high school students of Isfahan city in the ac Morethe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional and social adjustment on students' high-risk online behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was the first high school students of Isfahan city in the academic year of 1398-99. 222 students were selected randomly as the sample group using Cochran formula. They responded to the Student Adjustment Questionnaire (Sinha & Sing, 1993) and The Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS) (Jelenchick et al, 2014). The collected data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results showed that adaptation dimensions had a positive and significant role on online high risk behaviors (r = 0.368), (p <0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that 13.6% of the changes in online high risk behaviors can be predicted by emotional adjustment. Therefore the emotional adjustment alone was able to predict online high risk behaviors (p <0.01) and (t= 5.83). The ability of adaptation to predict online high-risk behaviors suggests that it can be a prerequisite for students' vulnerability to online high-risk behaviors. In other words, by reinforcing it in schools, it can reduce the harm associated with students' online behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Construction and standardization of Wisdom Measuring Questionnaire (WMQ) for high school students in Isfahan
mohammad ali salmani ardani Mansoureh Shahriari Ahmadi mahdi davaeeThis study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statist MoreThis study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study included all adolescent students of girls 'and boys' high schools in Isfahan in the number of 52813 people in the academic year 1397-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were included in the main sample. Factor analysis, content validity and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis. The KMO value (0.892) indicated the adequacy of sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that the eight factors of general wisdom, religious wisdom, emotional wisdom, human wisdom, spiritual wisdom, moral wisdom, social wisdom and scientific wisdom and special values higher than one could have been 71.494% of the variance of items. The reliability of the questionnaire in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.895 and for the first factors (general wisdom) 0.756, the second factor (religious wisdom) 0.727, the third factor (emotional wisdom) 0.715, the fourth factor (human wisdom) 0.712, the fifth factor (spiritual wisdom) 0.700, the sixth factor (moral wisdom) 0.702, the seventh factor (social wisdom) 0.680 and The eighth factor (scientific wisdom) was calculated 0.672.The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. In general, the results of the validity study and the calculation of the reliability of the questionnaire and the coordination of the components with each other and with the total score, show that the questionnaire is sufficient and is a suitable tool for assessing the wisdom of adolescent students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The effect of critical thinking skills training on improvement of creativity, academic self-efficacy, and psychological well-being among first-year high-school girls
Atefeh Saedi Mohammad Ali Zarei Maryam NasiriThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of critical thinking skills training on improving creativity, academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being of students in Ahvaz. The study was conducted on a quasi-experimental basis with th MoreThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of critical thinking skills training on improving creativity, academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being of students in Ahvaz. The study was conducted on a quasi-experimental basis with the control group. The research statistical population included all female first-year high-school students of Ahvaz city.By purposive sampling, 30 students were selected as study sample and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental and control. Research instruments included the Abedi Creativity Questionnaire (Abedi, 2003), the Murises Educational Self-Efficacy Scale (Murises, 2001), and the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1989). To analyze the data, inferential statistical methods were used such as univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS statistical software (Version 25). The findings showed that the applied intervention increased the levels of creativity, academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being of students. Therefore, the intervention of critical thinking skills training to help female students is effective and recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Development and validation of a flourishing education training package for students in the first three years of elementary school
morteza pordel hosein kareshki majid pakdamanFlourishing is a new concept whose mission is to create constructive behavior and promote well-being such as increasing positive excitement, commitment and fascination, positive relationships with others, feeling the meaning of life, success and progress along wit MoreFlourishing is a new concept whose mission is to create constructive behavior and promote well-being such as increasing positive excitement, commitment and fascination, positive relationships with others, feeling the meaning of life, success and progress along with teaching students lessons in class and school as a good place to learn. Values and norms. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a flourishing educational package for students in the first three years of primary school. The method of this research for the design and construction of the training package was the tool design method with a sequential combined exploratory approach. To evaluate the validity of the educational package, the content validity method was used qualitatively and quantitatively with the presence of 20 experts in the field of positivism and two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index. Minimum and maximum values of 0.85 and 1 were calculated. Content validity index for the whole package was 0.84. The results showed that the educational package based on flourishing for the students of the first three years of primary school has a good content validity and has the necessary validity and reliability for educational and research applications. In other words, the developed educational package has the ability to promote the flourishing of learners in educational systems. Manuscript profile -
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77 - The Effect of Teaching of Mindfulness Skills on Neurological Functions in First grade high school Hyperactive Students in Ardabil city
Ehsan Golestani akbar atadokhtThis study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching mindfulness skills on neurological functions in hyperactive students. The method of this study was experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching mindfulness skills on neurological functions in hyperactive students. The method of this study was experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all students of the first high school of Ardebil in the academic year 1397-1398. At first, from of five educational area in Ardabil city, the first area and from of 8 high school on that area, 2 high school were selected by cluster sampling method, and then 36 students with hyperactive symptoms were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned to two experimental and control groups each 18 subjects. For collecting data, The SNAP-IV scale (Swanson, Nolan & Pelham, 2001) and The Classic Stroop test software (Khodadadi, Mashhadi & Amani, 2014) were used in the form of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed by Levin, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and covariance analysis tests. The results showed that the difference between the score interference and time interference in the post test between the experimental and control groups was significant at the alpha level of 0.05, indicating that the training of mindfulness skills have affects in reducing the interference of the score and the interference of time in the classic Stroop test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Effect of Using Translation on Learning Grammatical Structures: A Case Study of Iranian Junior High School Students
Hossein Ghaiyoomian Gholam Reza Zarei -
Open Access Article
79 - The Effect of Teachers’ Use of L1 on EFL Learners’ Anxiety and Enjoyment in Emergency Online Language Classrooms
Reza Bakhsheshi Atigh Mohammad Mohammadi Salva Kazemipour Khabbazi -
Open Access Article
80 - Developing and Validating a Scale for Assessing Iranian EFL Teacher Educators’ Perspectives towards Twenty-first Century Skills
Mahboobeh Khosrojerdi Khalil Motallebzadeh Hamid Ashraf Gholam Reza Zareian -
Open Access Article
81 - Teaching addition and subtraction: A comparative study on the math curriculum goals and the content of the first-grade math textbook in Iran, Japan, and the USA
مهدی ایزدی ابراهیم ریحانی غلامعلی احمدیFocusing on the math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks in Iran, Japan and the USA, this research aimed to study about the process of teaching addition and subtraction. The math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks o MoreFocusing on the math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks in Iran, Japan and the USA, this research aimed to study about the process of teaching addition and subtraction. The math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks of these three countries were considered as the statistical populations of the study. To collect the data documentary research was utilized and comparative method was used in order to analyze the data. The findings showed that the American curriculum focused on enhancing the ability of "problem solving " whereas, the Iranian program focused more on the "making sense and understanding the concept". On the other hand, Japan's curriculum emphasized on "understanding and exploring adding and subtracting ways" by the students themselves. During the process of teaching these two operations, American textbooks introduced the largest number of teaching methods. In the beginning of teaching addition and subtraction, except the new version of Iranian book (2011), all the books, initially teaching addition and subtraction, focused on the combination aspect of addition and reduction aspect of subtraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbook of Secondary School First Grade Based on William Rummyâs Technique and Bloomâs Cognitive Domain
زهره کرمی پژمان اسد بیگی مهدی کرمیThe aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom&r MoreThe aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain. The used methodology in this study was content analysis. The research population was mathematics textbook, 2011 edition of secondary school first-grade. The findings revealed that text engagement rate was 0.53, which indicated that this textbook was written in an active manner. The engagement rate of images was 1.2 and this showed that the pictures of the textbook involved the students in learning. In activity-based index-analysis of the textbook, the engagement rate of 0.75 indicated that it was activity-based. In the performed analysis based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain, it was revealed that 81 percent of the exercises, activities and problems in the textbook are at comprehension level. This analysis showed that the number of exercises, activities and problems at higher levels of cognitive domain in this textbook are very few. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigating the role of effective contextual factors in academic cheat in students:
Peyman yarmohammadzade Majid dadashzade Vahid dadashzadeThe purpose of the recent study is to consider the effective contextual factors on doing academic cheating with the approach of the mixed analysis. The method of this study was exploratory. The study population consisted of high school third-year teachers and students o MoreThe purpose of the recent study is to consider the effective contextual factors on doing academic cheating with the approach of the mixed analysis. The method of this study was exploratory. The study population consisted of high school third-year teachers and students of Chaldoran in West Azarbaijan province. In this research there were 13 teachers for interviewing and 168 students for collecting the questionnaire data and they were selected on the basis of Krejcie and Morgan in the multi-stage cluster random method. To collect data the teachers were interviewed and students were tested by a research- made questionnaire of the effective contextual factors on the educational cheat that this questionnaire was obtained by the analysis of done interviews from the teachers and also in this study Anderman and his colleague (2010) educational cheat questionnaire was used that its validity was confirmed by experts and with the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha, %77 and %79. To analyze data, the methods of descriptive population and the model of path analysis with SPSS18, AMOS 18 were used. The research findings showed that the teachers believe the kind of evaluation, conditions of the test implementation and monitoring, the teacher’s characteristics and methods, not dealing with dishonest people, the effects of age group and environmental expectations are effective on doing the doing educational cheat and the students believe the kind of evaluation, conditions of the test implementation and monitoring, the teacher’s characteristics and methods, not dealing with dishonest people, the effects of age group and environmental expectations are effective on doing the doing educational cheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Effect of Training Based on Pebble in the Pond Instructional Design Model on Learning and Retention of Students
somayyeh abdoli Mohsen Bagheri saeed Moosavi pourThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on Pebble in the Pond instructional design model on learning and retention of the students. The research population in this study included 170 students of Educational Sciences oriented in Educational MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on Pebble in the Pond instructional design model on learning and retention of the students. The research population in this study included 170 students of Educational Sciences oriented in Educational Technology at Arak university, and the study samples were students who have chosen the system- based instruction course. Purposive sampling was used for selecting the samples.Total sample size was 30 subjects randomly divided into two 15-person classes. The researcher-made instrument used in this study was learning and retention test. The validity of test consist of formal, content validity was confirmed by professors of the education sciences and its reliability with Kuder-Richardson 20 Formula was measured as 54%. This test used pretest and posttest and it was conducted for both experimental and control groups in the same condition. For data analysis, repeated measure ANOVA was used. The results showed that the method of teaching based on Pebble in the Pond instructional design model had significant effect (p <0/05) on learning and retention of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Explaining the Experience of Education and Training and English Language Education Specialists for teaching English in the first grade of high school
Khadijeh Ahmadi shahram Ranjdoust Mohamad AzimiThe purpose of the present study is to explain the experience of English language education and training specialists in teaching English in the first secondary school. The present qualitative study was carried out with a phenomenological approach in the fall of 2018 on MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the experience of English language education and training specialists in teaching English in the first secondary school. The present qualitative study was carried out with a phenomenological approach in the fall of 2018 on 21 English language teaching and training specialists through purposeful sampling and data saturation. This study continued with the confidentiality of the information and the possibility to leave the study at any time. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The method of analyzing the findings of this study was based on three codings: "open", "axial" and "selective". Interview data was read several times in an active and interactive way and then coded openly. After the open coding, the data came together based on the common axes that emerged between them and their abundance. Axial codes were then incorporated into themes based on similarities and inconsistencies. Frequency and percentage of each axial code were calculated. By analyzing and integrating the principal components, two principal components were identified and 28 sub-components were extracted by principal component analysis. The results show that among the sub-components derived from the analysis of the responses of English language education and training specialists, the most important method for teaching English is to enhance the motivation of learners to learn English through different ways by teacher in the first grade of high school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Analytical study of the level of attention to the aesthetic dimensions of citizenship education in the first grade textbooks
fatemeh ashpaz tayebeh mahroozadeh maryam banahan ghomi parvin samadiThe present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship educ MoreThe present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship education indicators from the perspective of aesthetics in books. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the textbooks of the first elementary school in the academic year of 1397-98. The tool for identifying the aesthetic components of citizenship education indicators is the content codes designed by the researcher, which has three cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, according to which the content of the books is coded and analyzed. The formal validity and content of the research tools were confirmed by experts and scholars of the philosophy of education and curriculum planning, and the reliability of the research tools was obtained based on Scott's formula of 0.78. The results of content analysis showed that in the whole content of textbooks of the first elementary school, 558 cases of citizenship education with emphasis on the dimensions of artistic education have been mentioned. At least 8 cases (5.4%) arerelated to the Democracy Familiarization Index Accordingly, considering the number of books and three study pillars studied, paying attention to citizenship education with emphasis on artistic education is not enough, and in fact, this amount of attention to citizenship education in textbooks cannot be in line with students' needs. To be a citizen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Designing a mathematics educational program based on the theory of generative learning for the students of the first state secondary school
Zahra Alizadeh Shahram Vahedi Rahim Badri Gargari Davoud Tahmasabzadeh SheikhlarLearning theories help to design the desired educational programs. Wittrock developed the theory of generative learning, which is one of these theories. In different educational systems, little attention has been paid to the new methods of mathematics education, and one MoreLearning theories help to design the desired educational programs. Wittrock developed the theory of generative learning, which is one of these theories. In different educational systems, little attention has been paid to the new methods of mathematics education, and one of these methods is education based on the theory of generative learning. The main objective of this research is to develop an educational program for teaching mathematical concepts to first-state secondary school students that will help the students develop a thorough understanding of the educational content of mathematics and in which the student actively participates in the learning process, creates meanings and relationships, and the teacher only serves as a facilitator. Metacomposition and a synthesis-research approach based on the seven-stage Sandelowski-Barroso model were used in this study to look into the research that had been done in this direction. The study area included 57 research articles according to the intended purpose, among which 19 articles and one thesis were selected using the Glynn tool. Concepts extracted from this study were summarised by the open coding method in the form of 131 concepts and 32 sub-categories, which finally resulted in 9 main categories. Then, according to the results obtained, a special math curriculum was designed for the first state secondary school. The content validity of the mathematics education curriculum was obtained using the Laushe method (P = 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Comparison of three common methods in supervised classification of satellite data for vegetation studies
Amir Ahmadpour Karim Solaimani Maryam Shokri Jamshid GhorbaniUsage of modern technologies such as GIS and RS in plant ecosystems studies and especially land cover mapping is needed to recognition of these instruments efficiency and also identification of the best methods for applying them. This study aimed to compare the efficien MoreUsage of modern technologies such as GIS and RS in plant ecosystems studies and especially land cover mapping is needed to recognition of these instruments efficiency and also identification of the best methods for applying them. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three common supervised classification methods of satellite data (Minimum to Distance, Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood) to identification of plant groups in Goloul-via-Sarani protected area, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran. In order to this, 143 training samples (>30m2) were collected from areas that shown a homogenous plant species composition. These data recorded by GPS device and so transported to a GIS database. Satellite data included Landsat ETM+, and IRS-P6 LISS III that were prepared and analyzed by ENVI 4.2 software. Amount of efficiency for each method was evaluated by measurement of overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient (KC) criteria. Results showed that ML method makes the highest accuracy for two data series (OA=90.35, 82.19 and KC=0.878, 0.772 for Landsat and IRS data respectively). In the face, PP method showed the worst results (OA=67.09, 58.76 and KC=0.593, 0.478). These results suggested that collection of sufficient training samples from natural classes and surveying probability of image pixel's dependency on these classes can be useful for classification of plant groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparison Of st. Agustines and Imam Mohammad Ghazalis ideas on theology
Abdolhossein Latifi Sahar AsgariAurelius Augustinus was born in 354 in Tagast. The direction of his thought is based on his imagination of God, that is faith to the Almighty, wise and benevolent God. The Son considers ideas and the creation as the epiphany of the Word. Imam Mohammad Ghazali was born i MoreAurelius Augustinus was born in 354 in Tagast. The direction of his thought is based on his imagination of God, that is faith to the Almighty, wise and benevolent God. The Son considers ideas and the creation as the epiphany of the Word. Imam Mohammad Ghazali was born in 450 AH in Tabran. He says that, God is indescribable, the first cause, the origin of the universe, and the light of the lights. He is beyond rational comprehension, and he is almighty. Therefore both of them know God as the origin of the universe. The God is the divine light and the only real existence. The indescribable God creates the universe by his absolute and unchangeable determination. There are differences beside these similarities. The god of Augustinus adopts human traits for saving the mankind and enters to the body. But the god of Ghazali cannot be in the body and is not similar to anything. On the other hand, Augustinus says that we need God’s mercy to be prospered. But Ghazali says that mercy is in conflict with being autonomous and almighty as well as the creation from nullity. On the other hand, Augustinus believes that he heard the voice of God from a child, but Ghazali says that the Word of God is higher than any other Words. According to the proposed thoughts of these persons is in the field of theology, the writer is going to compare their theories about theology by descriptive-comparative method through library studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Methodology of Applying Prophetic Ahadith in the Mystical Works of the First Seven Islamic Centuries
Mohammad Raja Sahibdel Mohammad Javad Shams Shahram PazookiAhadith are of great importance to mystics and Sufis, as they have cited them to explain their intellectual frameworks, both after Quranic verses and independently. This is confirmed by the application of more than ten thousand ahadith and pseudo-ahadith. However, somet MoreAhadith are of great importance to mystics and Sufis, as they have cited them to explain their intellectual frameworks, both after Quranic verses and independently. This is confirmed by the application of more than ten thousand ahadith and pseudo-ahadith. However, sometimes a coherent and codified system is observed in some of these applications, but most of them lack a formal order or arrangement, where only the semantic function of the cited ahadith has been considered. If a "mystic" or sufi is well-acquainted with ahadith and even goes beyond that, to the extent of being considered a "hadith-narrator" (or mohaddeth), he will have a unique "perception" and "application" for ahadith due to his special worldview and methodology. This "methodological monopoly" does not imply that there is a "single approach" to dealing with ahadith, as one group has considered hadith narration to be subject to the fulfillment of tasks such as "self-purification" while another group strictly prohibited any hadith narration. By relying on library sources, the quantitative and qualitative status of the ahadith applied in the most important mystical prose works of the first seven centuries were studied in this research. The findings showed that the citation of narratives has been increased during the first seven Islamic centuries, and mystics and sufis have not sought to explain their methodology in approaching and perceiving ahadith; rather, they have used them with respect to the positivist function of "prophetic hadith" to establish their own teachings and goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of Temperature Dependency on Thermoelastic Behavior of Rotating Variable Thickness FGM Cantilever Beam
M.M.H Mirzaei A Loghman M Arefi -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of Winkler Foundation on Radially Symmetric Vibrations of Bi-Directional FGM Non-Uniform Mindlin’s Circular Plate Subjected to In-Plane Peripheral Loading
N Ahlawat R Lal -
Open Access Article
93 - A Novel Spring-Based Model for Damage Investigation of Functionally Graded Beams
S Karimi M Bozorgnsab R Taghipour M.M Alipour -
Open Access Article
94 - Bending Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions
A.M Naserian Nik M Tahani -
Open Access Article
95 - Elastic Buckling of Moderately Thick Homogeneous Circular Plates of Variable Thickness
S.K Jalali M.H Naei -
Open Access Article
96 - Magneto-Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Response of a Multiferroic Doubly-Curved Nano-Shell
S Razavi -
Open Access Article
97 - The Effect of Elastic Foundations on the Buckling Behavior of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Plates in Thermal Environments Using a Meshfree Method
Sh Shams B Soltani M Memar Ardestani -
Open Access Article
98 - First-Order Formulation for Functionally Graded Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression
A Hasani -
Open Access Article
99 - Response Determination of a Beam with Moderately Large Deflection Under Transverse Dynamic Load Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory
F Sohani H.R Eipakchi -
Open Access Article
100 - Spectral Finite Element Method for Free Vibration of Axially Moving Plates Based on First-Order Shear Deformation Theory
M.R Bahrami S Hatami -
Open Access Article
101 - New Method for Large Deflection Analysis of an Elliptic Plate Weakened by an Eccentric Circular Hole
Sh Dastjerdi L Yazdanparast -
Open Access Article
102 - Analysis of Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates with CNT Reinforced Composite Face Sheets on Viscoelastic Foundation
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Emdadi H Ashrafi M Mohammadimehr S Niknejad A.A Ghorbanpour Arani A Hosseinpour -
Open Access Article
103 - Non-Local Thermo-Elastic Buckling Analysis of Multi-Layer Annular/Circular Nano-Plates Based on First and Third Order Shear Deformation Theories Using DQ Method
Sh Dastjerdi M Jabbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
104 - Free and Forced Transverse Vibration Analysis of Moderately Thick Orthotropic Plates Using Spectral Finite Element Method
M.R Bahrami S Hatami -
Open Access Article
105 - Effect of acaricide, Envidor speed, on figs spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranycidae)
Mehdi Gheibi Yazdanbakhsh TaheriFig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves MoreFig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves with yellowish-green appearance drop down prematurely. Effects of three doses (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 per thousand liters) of new acaricide envidor speed (spirodiclofen 222+abamactin, 18g/l SC) evaluated in comparison with three other acaricides i.e. spirodiclifen (0.5 per thousand liters), bromopropylate (1.5 per thousand liters) and abamectin (0.5 per thousand liters) on egg and adult stages of fig spider on Ezmir variety of fig orchards in Agricultural Research Center (ARC) of Estahban-Fars, during 2014. Five replications for every treatment done through randomized complete block design. 50 leaves were plucked from each block at random and number of egg and adult of Eo. hirsti recorded through ten sampling interval, one day before, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 24 and 30 days after chemical applications. The efficacy of the acaricides was calculated by Henderson and Tilton formula. The data were subjected to ANOVA and the means were analyzed by Duncan test. The results showed that after 5 days, three dose of envidor speed have a good effect than bromopropylate and abamectin. While the treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin have a significant population of egg mite 16.6 and 22.5 eggs respectively, after 30 days. The mean number of eggs in treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin increased after 15 days. Efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin showed an absolute control on adult mite after one day and mean mortality was 93.12 and 98.12 percent, respectively. Different concentration of envidor speed showed high efficacy after 3 days and for 03, 0.4 and 0.5 mortality were 94.99, 94.65 and 100%, respectively. Spirodiclofen showed high efficacy after 7 days. The efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin decreased after 15 days and were 47.13 and 72.43% after 30 days, respectively. The results showed that envidor speed has a longer and good effect on egg and adult form of fig spider mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - λ-Symmetry method and the Prelle-Singer method for third-order differential equations
Khodayar Goodarzi -
Open Access Article
107 - Spectral Scheme for Solving Fuzzy Volterra Integral Equations of First Kind
Laleh Hooshangian -
Open Access Article
108 - General Solution for Fuzzy Linear Second Order Differential Equation Using First Solution
Laleh Hooshangian -
Open Access Article
109 - An Analysis of Syntactic Normalization in the Memory of the Holy Defense Maps
afsane darmianiMemoir writing is one of the most important narrative approaches in the sacred defense literature and has had an impact on the memory of Persian literature. Therefore, the study of its stylistics in the development of Persian literature can be considered. This paper exa MoreMemoir writing is one of the most important narrative approaches in the sacred defense literature and has had an impact on the memory of Persian literature. Therefore, the study of its stylistics in the development of Persian literature can be considered. This paper examines normality and innovation in a syntactic layer that can distinguish language from the normative language and somehow highlights it. One of the types of normative writing used by the writer to create literary work is syntactic normality or the avoidance of syntactic rules governing language; the author disrupts the ruling order of the language, and emphasizes the grammatical features of language. It uses the text and in fact tries to create the arts in this field. But since the language of the memory of the maps falls into the sub-standard and broken, the artistic prominence in these works is not seen. But since the language of the memory of the maps falls into the sub-standard and broken, the artistic prominence in these works is not seen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effect of Using EFL Learners’ Mother Tongue on Their Grammatical Knowledge Improvement: Investigating Two Proficiency Levels
Sara Shafiee Leila AkbarpourABSTRACTThe present quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring whether using EFL learners' mother tongue has any influence on EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement at two proficiency levels, i.e., elementary and intermediate. It also aimed at investigating wh MoreABSTRACTThe present quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring whether using EFL learners' mother tongue has any influence on EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement at two proficiency levels, i.e., elementary and intermediate. It also aimed at investigating whether there were any differences between elementary and intermediate EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement as a result of using their L1 in the classroom. To achieve this goal, 30 elementary and 32 intermediate Iranian EFL learners aged between 16 and 32 were chosen from an English institute in Shiraz. The sampling procedure was of a non-probability convenience type. The participants were divided into two experimental and two control groups. First, Oxford Placement Test was used to homogenize the participants at each proficiency level. Moreover, to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment and also compare the two proficiency levels regarding the effectiveness of the treatment, two teacher-made multiple-choice grammar tests, one for the elementary level and another for the intermediate level participants, were employed. Each of these tests was used both as the pre- and the post-test. In order to answer the research questions, independent and paired samples t-tests were run, and the effect sizes were estimated. The findings highlighted that the experimental groups at both proficiency levels significantly outperformed the control groups on their posttests. In addition, it was concluded that using L1 had a slightly greater effect on grammatical knowledge improvement of elementary than intermediate learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Effects of Mothers’ Age, Educational Level, Occupation and Children’s Birth Order on Iranian Preschoolers’ Communicative Performance
Arezoo Daneshvar Firroz Sadighi -
Open Access Article
112 - Grammatical Competence Development of Nursery School Children Acquiring Persian
Farhad Tayebipour Mohammad Javad Riasati -
Open Access Article
113 - Identifying the Effective Factors on Investors' Behavior and Developing a Measurement Model
Eslam Shafeie noghlebari Seyed mozaffar Mirbargkar Ebrahim Chirani mohamad Reza vatanparast -
Open Access Article
114 - Comparative effects of water application, detergent and some new acaricides on fig mite (Eotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker)
J. Shakarami S. Khorshidvand M. Arbabi A. Rezaei nejadEotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker is one of the most important pests in Pol-e-Dokhtar, Lorestan provice, Iran, the area where fig is extensively cultivated. In this research we aimed to study the control effects of the following treatments on the pest: one time MoreEotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker is one of the most important pests in Pol-e-Dokhtar, Lorestan provice, Iran, the area where fig is extensively cultivated. In this research we aimed to study the control effects of the following treatments on the pest: one time application of water, two times application of water, one time application of detergent, two times application of detergent and application of envidore, oberon and Floramite. The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Correct mortality was measured and calculated on after 3, 7, 14 and 29 day from the time of application. Results showed significance differences among treatments in all times of measure. One time application of detergent showed 78.21%, 56.63%, 50.31% and 40.03% mortalities on 3, 7, 14 and 29 day from the time of application, respectively. The mortality of mite treated two times with detergent on day 29 was 92.54% which show not significantly different from those treated with acaricides. Moreover, one time application of water showed 47.32%, 25.33%, 23.37% and 19.77% mortalities of mite on 3, 7, 14 and 29 day from the time of application, respectively. The mortality of mites treated two times with water on 29 day was 62.21%. The population of the pest in trees treated with acaricides was about zero at all times of measure. The results of this research revealed that some more environment friendly methods, i.e. application of water or detergent, could decrease the population of fig mite. Therefore, considering their less effects on natural enemies of the pest, these methods could be recommended for integrated pest management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Propellants Factors in Human Resource Agility based on Government Policies (Case Study: Iran Tax Affairs Organization)
Farhad Ghasemi Alireza Rezghi Rostami Rashid Zolfaghari Zaferani -
Open Access Article
116 - The Role of Islamic Azad University in Women's Educational, Cultural, Social and Economic Affairs
فروغ Rudgarnezhad کریم Kia Kojory A. R. TaheriThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of Islamic Azad University in educational, cultural, social and economic affairs of Port of Anzali city women. To investigate the consequences of Islamic Azad University establishing 110 subjects were questioned by imply MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of Islamic Azad University in educational, cultural, social and economic affairs of Port of Anzali city women. To investigate the consequences of Islamic Azad University establishing 110 subjects were questioned by implying a researchers initiated questionnaire with 0/84 reliability coefficient during a descriptive survey research. Afterward, the structural equation model was extracted by statistical correlation test, direct and indirect relationships between variables and regression equations in the form of interactive path analysis. The results suggested that in all the quadric main variables; educational, cultural, social and economical affairs; Islamic Azad University had positive significant impact on the status of women. Impact of these factors in order of importance were social, educational, economic and cultural factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - ارزیابی نرم افزار ANSYS CFX در شبیهسازی توزیع سرعت و فشار بر روی سرریز تاج دایرهای
محمدجواد امیری منوچهر حیدرپور مهدی بهرامی رخساره رستمیاننرم افزار ANSYS CFX، نرم افزاری کارآمد و چند منظوره برای شبیه سازی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (CFD) در تمام سطوح و پیچیدگی می باشد. این نرم افزار از روش حجم محدود برای حل عددی جریان های دو و سه بعدی، جریان های تراکم پذیر و تراکم ناپذیر، جریان های لزج و غیرلزج، آرام و Moreنرم افزار ANSYS CFX، نرم افزاری کارآمد و چند منظوره برای شبیه سازی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (CFD) در تمام سطوح و پیچیدگی می باشد. این نرم افزار از روش حجم محدود برای حل عددی جریان های دو و سه بعدی، جریان های تراکم پذیر و تراکم ناپذیر، جریان های لزج و غیرلزج، آرام و آشفته با مدل های توربولانس مختلف، سیالات نیوتنی و غیرنیوتنی، محیط های متخلخل، جریان های دائمی و غیر دائمی، و مسائل تقابل سیال و جامد (FSI) استفاده می کند. سازه های کنترل و اندازهگیری جریان از اجزای مهم و ضروری در شبکه های آبیاری و زهکشی می باشند. در بین این سازه ها، سرریزها به علت داشتن روابط ساده و نسبتاً دقیق ازکاربرد بیشتری برخوردارند. به منظور ارزیابی نرم افزار ANSYS-CFX در شبیه سازی جریان بر روی سرریز تاج دایره ای، دو سرریز مجزا یکی با شیب پایین دست و بالادست به ترتیب 45 درجه و قایم و دیگری با شیب پایین دست و بالادست به ترتیب 45 درجه و 60 درجه در نظر گرفته شد. شبیه سازی جریان برای 3 دبی مختلف جریان و باطبع سه مقدار مختلف انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که پیشبینی نرم افزار تطابق بسیار خوبی با مقادیر اندازهگیری دارد. شیب بالادست و پایین دست سرریز در خروجی مدل تأثیر چندانی نداشته و مدل به خوبی پروفیل های فشار و سرعت را برای هر دو شیب شبیه سازی کرده است. به طور کلی نتایج مدل در شیب 90-45 نسبت به 60-45 بهتر می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - بررسی عددی جریان در سرریزهای منقاری با پلان مثلثی و منحنی شکل با استفاده از نرمافزار Fluent
سمیه امامی هادی ارونقی جواد پارساسرریزهای منقاری، سرریزهایی می باشند که از یک لبه مستقیم و صاف برخوردار نبوده و در پلان بالا، از حالت خطی شکسته برخوردار می باشند. از مزایای این نوع سرریزها می توان به بالا بودن ظرفیت سرریز، هوادهی آسان جریان و پایین بودن نوسانات سطح آب در آستانه ی عبوری جریان از روی سرر Moreسرریزهای منقاری، سرریزهایی می باشند که از یک لبه مستقیم و صاف برخوردار نبوده و در پلان بالا، از حالت خطی شکسته برخوردار می باشند. از مزایای این نوع سرریزها می توان به بالا بودن ظرفیت سرریز، هوادهی آسان جریان و پایین بودن نوسانات سطح آب در آستانه ی عبوری جریان از روی سرریز اشاره کرد. این تحقیق به بررسی عددی جریان و دبی عبوری جریان بر روی سرریز منقاری با پلان مثلثی با استفاده از نرم افزار فلوئنت و مدل آشفتگی k-ɛ روش RNG پرداخته شد. سطح آزاد جریان نیز با استفاده از روش جزء حجم سیال (VOF) تعیین گردید. نتایج مدل عددی با نتایج حاصل از مطالعه ی کومار و همکاران در سال 2012 که سرریزهای منقاری با پلان منحنی شکل را به صورت آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار داده اند، بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که سرریزهای منقاری با پلان منحنی مطالعه شده توسط کومار و همکاران در مقایسه با پلان مثلثی از ظرفیت دبی عبوری بیش تری نسبت به سرریزهای منقاری با پلان مثلثی برخوردار می باشند و دبی عبوری از روی سرریز های منقاری با پلان منحنی در مقایسه با پلان مثلثی افزایش 25 درصدی داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - مدلسازی عددی جریان آزاد در سرریزهای کرامپ گابیونی
محمد توکل صدرآبادی منوچر فتحی مقدم رضا محمدپورسرریزهای گابیونی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط زیست و تأثیر مستقیم بر پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه و از طرفی در دسترس بودن و سادگی اجرا و طراحی، طی سال های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. در این تحقیق پارامتر های هیدرولیکی سرریز گابیونی کرامپ با حالت جریان آزاد شامل ضریب دبی، پروفی Moreسرریزهای گابیونی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط زیست و تأثیر مستقیم بر پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه و از طرفی در دسترس بودن و سادگی اجرا و طراحی، طی سال های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. در این تحقیق پارامتر های هیدرولیکی سرریز گابیونی کرامپ با حالت جریان آزاد شامل ضریب دبی، پروفیل سطح آب و حجم دبی درون‎گذر از محیط متخلخل به صورت عددی با استفاده از مدل سه بعدی Flow 3D بررسی شده اند. در این تحقیق در مجموع 18 مدل مختلف شامل 6 هندسه ی مختلف سرریز با سه تخلخل مختلف مصالح (43، 44 و 46 درصد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که افزایش قطر ذرات به افزایش همزمان دبی درون‎گذر، ضریب دبی جریان و در نتیجه افزایش افت منجر می شود. همچنین اینکه افزایش زوایای خارجی بالادست و پایین دست سرریز باعث کاهش ضریب دبی و نیز دبی درون‎گذر خواهد شد. به علاوه اینکه مشخص شد که تاثیر تغییرات شیب پایین دست بر ضریب دبی و شیب بالادست بر دبی درون‎گذر بیشتر است. در انتها با استفاده از رگرسیون غیر خطی چند متغیره روابطی تجربی برای محاسبه ضرایب دبی و دبی درون‎ گذر از این سرریزها ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Using Artificial Neural Network Methodology and Fuzzy Logic to Design an Intelligent Model for Optimizing and Preventive Maintenance in Interaction with Production in the Textile and Clothing Industry
Sayyed Shahram fatemi Mehrdad Javadi Amir Azizi Sayyed Esmail NajafiIn this research, the intelligent model of preventive maintenance and repairs based on artificial neural network methodology - fuzzy logic with the help of artificial intelligence environment of MATLAB software based on the structure of Falcon's five-layer model of arti MoreIn this research, the intelligent model of preventive maintenance and repairs based on artificial neural network methodology - fuzzy logic with the help of artificial intelligence environment of MATLAB software based on the structure of Falcon's five-layer model of artificial neural networks is presented, the research method is based on systems thinking. After determining the most important factors affecting preventive maintenance and repairs with the help of a questionnaire and based on a dataset of 2,000 samples of data and reports of the Director General of Textile and Clothing Industries of the Ministry of Safety during the years 1396 to 1401 (in the form of six and a half years) and validity Data evaluation by the maintenance and repair experts of 240 industrial units, a smart model was designed, which after the implementation of the model in Borujerd textile factories as the place of implementation of the plan can be claimed if (If); Five "technology" factors have values of 0.9129; Good condition (upper bound of good membership function), "Employees" has values of 0.9239; good condition (upper bound of good membership function), "working environment" has values of 0.8859; relatively good (lower limit of the membership function), "quality" has values of 0.9999; Perfect condition (highest function), "strategy" has values of 0.9999; good status (upper limit) in preventive maintenance and repairs, then: the status of the output variable of the research, i.e."Optimization of preventive maintenance and repairs performance (Y)" will be at its fifth level, i.e. very good, equal to 0.882. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Designing an intelligent model of preventive maintenance and repairs in the textile and clothing industry with the help of statistical analysis (case study of Borujerd textile factories)
Sayyed Shahram fatemi Mehrdad Javadi Amir Azizi Sayyed Esmail NajafiIn this study, the identification of the most important influencing factors for intelligent preventive maintenance and repair in the textile industry in interaction with manufacturing was performed using Spss 25 software. The research data set is based on the 2000 sampl MoreIn this study, the identification of the most important influencing factors for intelligent preventive maintenance and repair in the textile industry in interaction with manufacturing was performed using Spss 25 software. The research data set is based on the 2000 sample data and reports from the Director General of Textile Industry under the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade and the factories in the textile industry of Borujerd where the project was implemented on a semiannual basis as of 2015 to 2020. This survey is significant in that it collects information in cooperation with specialists in the maintenance industry and the textile industry (information was collected from 240 establishments of 630 textile factories nationwide). The study sample size included professors, managers, and professionals from the textile industry. A comparison of the pre-test questionnaire (functional status) and the post-test questionnaire (ideal status) and statistical analysis calculations yielded the following results. The relationships between the study variables and the most important preventive maintenance and improvement factors in interaction with production in the textile industry have been classified as follows: strategy factor with the possibility of determining 34%, technology factor 30%, work environment factor 16%, staff factor 10%, the quality factor was identified by 10%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The effect of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies on self-concept and procrastination of first grade high school students
سپیده صفرپور دهکردی پگاه جوجمIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and metacognitive strategies on self-concept and procrastination of first grade high school students in Shiraz city.research methodology: The research method was experimental with pre-test an MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and metacognitive strategies on self-concept and procrastination of first grade high school students in Shiraz city.research methodology: The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design for both experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female students of the first grade high school (ninth grade) of District 1 of Shiraz in the academic year 2021-2022, whose number is estimated to be about 1850 by referring to the Education Department of Shiraz city. Sixty students were selected through purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Solomon and Roth Bloom and Chen and Thompson self-concept of academic procrastination questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and technicians and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance) were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results of the research indicated that the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies explains 13.4% of the variance of self-concept and 21.9% of the variance of students' procrastination. Also, the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies has a significant effect on the dimensions of self-concept (general, educational and non-academic) and dimensions of procrastination (preparing for exams, preparing homework and preparing for research).Conclusion: The results indicated that the students who used cognitive and metacognitive strategies were better than other students in terms of self-concept and procrastination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city
farzad eskandari nasab Khadijeh Abolmaali Freeborz dortaj Freeborz BagheriIntroduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city in the academic year 2021. research methodology: The research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory with MoreIntroduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city in the academic year 2021. research methodology: The research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory with a systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, until the theoretical saturation, 10 experts, specialists, and officials in the field of education in Karaj city, who were knowledgeable in the executive departments and issues related to the competence of teachers, were selected in a purposeful manner. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. In data analysis, 359 primary codes, 36 components with 220 concepts were obtained by using open, central and selective coding. Findings: The findings indicated that the components are based on indicators such as the causal conditions of teachers' competence, including: responsibility, being a role model, etc.; contextual conditions include: conscientiousness, self-confidence, etc.; Strategic conditions include: familiarity with educational psychology, flexibility, etc.; Intervening conditions include: innovation, the ability to diagnose and solve the problem, etc.; Consequence conditions including: consulting skills, management skills, etc. were identified. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to pay attention to the identified causal, contextual and strategic factors in improving the competence of teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Identification and analysis of factors affecting the performance excellence of the first secondary schools (case study: Abadan city)
Rahman Jalilian Davood Gholamrezaei Leila RajabiIntroduction: The indicators of organizational excellence models that are suitable for schools' conditions can be used as channels to improve schools' performance. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify and analyze the effective factors on the exc MoreIntroduction: The indicators of organizational excellence models that are suitable for schools' conditions can be used as channels to improve schools' performance. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify and analyze the effective factors on the excellence of the performance of the first secondary schools in Abadan city considering the document of fundamental evolution of education. Research methodology: The statistical population is the principals and teachers of the first secondary schools of Abadan city,and according to Morgan's table, the required sample size is 186 people. The methods of collecting information in this research are divided into two categories: library-based method for collecting the subject literature and research background, and field-based method for collecting information to confirm or reject research hypotheses. Findings: The theory test model in this research contains five main factors of leadership, policy and strategy, staff, partnerships and resources, and processes, each of which consists of a number of subscales. The factors of leadership, partnerships and resources each include 6 subscales, processes and staff each include 4 subscales, and policy and strategy includes 7 subscales. The results of the path coefficients between the factors also indicated that the policy and strategy have an effect of 0.193 on the leadership factor and the staff factor has a 0.490 effect on the policy and strategy factor. Conclusion: The factors introduced by the researcher (leadership, policy and strategy, staff, partnerships and resources, processes) with the approach of the document of fundamental evolution of education strongly influence the excellence of school performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools at the 2014-15 academic year
Abbas SenobarThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools. This semi-experimental research design consists of pretests, posttests, and a cont MoreThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools. This semi-experimental research design consists of pretests, posttests, and a control group. The population of the study composed of all male students in the first grade of Susa junior high schools. In order to select subjects, cluster sampling method was used and one school was randomly selected. Then 40 students of this school were randomly selected and placed into an experimental groups (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group had 12 ninety- minute sessions of group cognitive therapy based on the Michael Frey’s model. The questionnaires used in this study were the revised version of loneliness questionnaire (UCLA; Russell, Pepla and Katrona, 1980) and attitude towards life questionnaire (LRI; Batista, 1998) and conducted in groups. The data obtained was analyzed by the SPSS Software using ANCOVA analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) there was a significant difference between the performances of two groups on loneliness test. It means that the group cognitive therapy had an effect on reducing loneliness. (2) There was a significant difference between the performances of two groups on attitude toward life test. It implies that the group cognitive therapy had an impact on increasing students' attitudes towards life. In general, group cognitive therapy - based on the Michael Frey’s model- relatively improved the loneliness and the attitude toward life indicators among participants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The roll of job stress and work locus of control in the job satisfaction in Emergency first responderâs.
علی اصغر محمدی محمد نقی فراهانی جعفر حسنی عباس سامیAbstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of job stress and work locus of control on job satisfaction of Tehran emergency first responders. Methods: In this study Correlational research method was used and 160 members of Tehran emergency first MoreAbstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of job stress and work locus of control on job satisfaction of Tehran emergency first responders. Methods: In this study Correlational research method was used and 160 members of Tehran emergency first responders were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data three questionnaires including: self-reported job stress questionnaire, Spector work locus of control questionnaire and job satisfaction questionnaire were used. Results:The results of this study showed there is negative significant relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. In addition, findings showed that there are significant positive and negative correlation relationships between internal and external locus of control and job satisfaction respectively. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed the subscales of external locus of control, role, internal locus of control, communication and supervisors could estimate 54 percent of the variance in job satisfaction. Conclusion: According to this study, job satisfaction can be estimated on the basis of two effective factors of job stress and work locus of control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Saadi: the Matter of Reality and Imagination
Mozhdeh Shafie Mahdi NorouzIs it true to say that Saadi was an idealized embodiment of his moral teachings in Gulistan and Boustan? The body of criticism on Saadi’s works suggests that his biography provides no clear and valid information to judge about the extent to which Saadi acted what MoreIs it true to say that Saadi was an idealized embodiment of his moral teachings in Gulistan and Boustan? The body of criticism on Saadi’s works suggests that his biography provides no clear and valid information to judge about the extent to which Saadi acted what he preached. His moral teachings depict a sort of individual and social morality which is defined in relation to power and "falls in the category of political ethics. Political ethics appear as for the noble and the subordinate in Gulistan and Boustan. Ethics for the noble include all his teachings for governors and rulers in eulogies. On the other hand, ethics for the subordinate include all his suggestions for the public in relation to power position. Here, Saadi puts forward some conservative recommendations that trigger some contemporary critical commentaries. However, there are some cases where he takes up a third person narrative position to narrate the story of a king and a mendicant. In these stories, the mendicant is a witty man with bitter criticism on society, implying that one should relinquish earthly pleasures and advantages if he wants his criticism to be acceptable. First person narratives fall in two categories determinate and indeterminate narratives. Indirect speeches reflecting biographical facts are indeterminate narratives which give no information about the poet’s personality. Other narratives are more of an autobiography that report probable observations. These latter narratives demonstrate Saadi as a man quick at repartee that feels free to disclose his poverty and some cases of impiety. Therefore, they provide no idealized picture of the poet in terms of ethical principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - A comparative study of reward and punishing public affairs managers in the Alavi system with other common management systems
seyed yaser sajadi seyed yaser sajadi Mohamad Zyaaddini malike beheshtifarIf the employee performs his duties according to the law, he will be rewarded. And if he fulfills his responsibility incompletely or incorrectly. It is obvious that the person in charge will deal with him. But how should a manager deal with a good and bad agent? This is MoreIf the employee performs his duties according to the law, he will be rewarded. And if he fulfills his responsibility incompletely or incorrectly. It is obvious that the person in charge will deal with him. But how should a manager deal with a good and bad agent? This is where the weakness and strength of management is revealed. Ali (AS) in the field of cognition, knowledge and action. management and looking at a specific management area. It was not, and in line with the basis of Islam, it had more of an educational aspect, this comparative research is an analysis of the similarities and differences between encouraging and punishing agents in the common administrative system and the government system of Ali (AS).Library and software studies with the narrative, historical and practical course of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) and today's common management revealed keywords with semantic connection with three basic indicators, methods and strategies of rewards and reprimands, which in the approval patterns ,refinement ,development and establishment were adapted, the key items in the acceptance model are approved and care should be taken to maintain and strengthen them, the trimming items must be corrected, also in refinement Items should be added and expanded, and in the emergent pattern, it should be focused on items that did not exist or were forgotten. The results of this research can be a good indicator for managers to improve the situation of encouragement and punishment in today's management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Analysis of policy effects on Urbanism and architecture studied during the period 1925 to 1941
Ali Zabihi Reza MirzaeiIn the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the fa MoreIn the past, Iranian architecture and urban development followed a specific trend associated with the architecture of its previous era. But in the contemporary era, this trend undergone changes and evolutions in this field. The present study sought to investigate the factors affecting architecture and urban development in the First Pahlavi period and to analyze some of the factors that have provided the ground for these evolutions, and also to examine the impacts of these changes and evolutions on contemporary Iranian architecture and urban development policymaking. The present study was a qualitative and quantitative one, which used library sources and studies in order to collect the data. Moreover, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Super Decisions software were utilized to analyze the data. The study results indicated that factors such as archeology, training architectures, artistic congresses, archeology and the Association of National Monuments, militarism, and modernism have had a significant impact on the architecture and urban development of this period; and the extent of the impact of changes on architecture and urban development has been equal. The most influential factors in architectural evolutions have been modernism and archeology of that era; and factors such as training architectures, scientific congresses, and militarism have affected urban development evolutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Sovereignty and political legitimacy in the intellectual school of Akhund Khorasani
mohammadali karbasionSovereignty, in the sense of legitimacy or justification of political power, is divided into three categories: divine, non-divine and divine-human according to its source. Akhund Khorasani, according to his first and foremost jurisprudential foundations, first considers MoreSovereignty, in the sense of legitimacy or justification of political power, is divided into three categories: divine, non-divine and divine-human according to its source. Akhund Khorasani, according to his first and foremost jurisprudential foundations, first considers absolute power to be exclusive to God's nature, and in two periods of his life, firstly, he dealt with the matters of hasba from the authority of the jurist, and in the period of his struggle for constitutionalism. , he knows about the authority of believers and then the president of the nation, and at this stage he leans towards the legitimacy of the political power of the president of the nation. He rejects the legitimacy of the legitimate monarchy and considers the infallible government to be only the legitimate government and all the governments of the age of occultation as unjust and by dividing them into just, such as the constitutional and coercive, the just government, such as the constitutional, is in charge of public affairs. If they are rational and religious, according to the clear ruling of reason and the eloquent texts of the Sharia, it considers the illegitimacy of Jabreh Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The effect of creativity training to teachers on the creativity of the first primary grade students in Khorasan in the academic year 88-89
Z. Afsharkhn A. AsarehThis study investigated the effects of creativity training to teachers on growth of children's creativity. The method was quasi-experimental that was conducted by form B visual creativity Torrance test. The experimental group consisted of students of teachers who were o MoreThis study investigated the effects of creativity training to teachers on growth of children's creativity. The method was quasi-experimental that was conducted by form B visual creativity Torrance test. The experimental group consisted of students of teachers who were organized by Sama, a 24-hour period, creativity training, and Control group, were students of those teachers who were not seen any creativity training. Survey data, evaluated by the two independent t groups, and comparison of the mean showed significant difference at 99% confidence level at all research hypotheses. It means by 99% confidence, creativity growth of children in first grade of primary schools in Khorasan province in the academic year 88-89 that trained by teachers who had creativity training is greater than those children that their teachers hadn't any creativity training and this difference is statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effect of environmental geology impacts on quality and quantity of aquifers (case study: groundwater reservoirs in Akhtarabad village, Malard county)
Farnaz Ghasemi Lobat TaghaviIn this work, the collected database of 6 wells (longitude, latitude), was surveyed in the season of winter 1394 and summer 1395, then sampling and physicochemical analysis of samples and the quality and quantity of reservoirs zoning in GIS were proceeding r MoreIn this work, the collected database of 6 wells (longitude, latitude), was surveyed in the season of winter 1394 and summer 1395, then sampling and physicochemical analysis of samples and the quality and quantity of reservoirs zoning in GIS were proceeding respectively. The surveyed wells named Gomorkan No. 1 & No. 2& No. 3 and Akhtarabad situated in the eastern north of the Akhtarabad and Goybelagh No, 2 & No, 3 , Goybelagh dakin situated in the western north of the Akhtarabad in the Malard county. 11 of the physicochemical parameters were studied in the indicated wells (pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Total Dissolved Solids TDS, Total Hardness TH, Cat ions and Anions) and was determined affected environmental geology on the mentioned parameters. The findings show, EC and TDS and the elements of Na and SO4 as results, were higher than WHO standards in all of the Gomorkans and Akhtarabad and Goybelagh 3 & Goybelagh dakin wells. The element of F is lower than WHO standards in the same wells. Totally, all of the mentioned wells that were situated in the Akhtarabad region, have been classified in the medium area for drinking usages according to plotted Schoeller diagrams. In spite of This area was impressed by geology impacts that lead to increasing EC & TDS of water reservoirs and decreasing water drinking quality, there is strongly the potential for finding better quality in underground water reservoirs and more aquifers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Investigating the Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in the Relationship between Attachment Styles and Emotional Literacy with a Tendency to Extramarital Relationships
Nastaran Shalchian Pourkhaljan Javanshir Asadi Ramazan Hassanzadeh Afsaneh Khajevand KhoshaliPurpose: The tendency to extramarital relationships is most critical issues for couples and it seems that marital relationships are formed based on attachment and emotion and regulate it is integral part of this relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the MorePurpose: The tendency to extramarital relationships is most critical issues for couples and it seems that marital relationships are formed based on attachment and emotion and regulate it is integral part of this relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and emotional literacy with a tendency to extramarital relationships.Methodology: The research method was correlational. The statistical population included a population of approximately 10,000 women with experience of infidelity of husbands who in 2019 referred to the family court and counseling centers and psychological services in Tehran. According to Morgan and krejcie table, 373 people were selected by cluster sampling. The research tools were; attitudes toward infidelity scale of Whatley (2008), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnfsky et al (2001), Emotional literacy subscale from the scale of psychological functions of Iranian family of Kimiaei et al. (2012) and Adult Attachment Questionnaire of Hazan and Shawar (1987). Data analysis was performed using structural equations and SPSS-25 and Amos-24 software.Findings: The research model had a good fit. The direct effect of attachment styles was significant on the tendency to extrasensory relationships (P<0.01). Was significant indirect effect of attachment styles and emotional literacy mediated by negative emotion regulation and the indirect effect of avoidant attachment mediated by positive emotion regulation on the tendency to extramarital relationships (P<0.05).Conclusion: Increasing cognitive emotion regulation based on attachment and emotional literacy can be way to reduce tendency to extramarital relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Sociological analysis of comparison of consumption patterns among occupational classes (Case study: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and Tax Affairs Organization of the country)
akbar qasemi Bahram Ghadimi Hadi Shirzad Zohreh Nikfarjam Fariba Shayegan -
Open Access Article
135 - Assessment of Remotely Sensed Indices to Estimate Soil Salinity
Naser Ahmadi Sani mohammad khanyaghmaSoil Salinization is one of the oldest environmental problems and one of the mainpaths to desertification. Access to information in the shortest time and at low cost isthe major factor influencing decision making. The satellite imagery providesinformation data on salini MoreSoil Salinization is one of the oldest environmental problems and one of the mainpaths to desertification. Access to information in the shortest time and at low cost isthe major factor influencing decision making. The satellite imagery providesinformation data on salinity and also offers large amount of data that can be analyzedand processed to understand several indices based on the type of the sensor used. Inthis research, the capability of different indices derived from IRS-P6 data wasevaluated to identify saline soils in Mahabad County. The quality of the satelliteimages was first evaluated and no noticeable radiometric and geometric distortion wasdetected. The Ortho-rectification of the image was performed using the satelliteephemeris data, digital elevation model, and ground control points. The RMS errorwas less than a pixel. In this study, the correlation between the bands and used indices,including Salinity1, Salinity2, Salinity3, PCA1 (B2, B3), PCA1 (B4, B5), PCA1 (B1,B2, B3, B4, B5), Fusion (Pan and B2), Fusion (Pan and B3) and Fusion (Pan and B4)with EC were investigated. The highest correlation was related to the Fusion (Pan andB2) with a coefficient 0.76 and the lowest correlation was related to B4 with acoefficient 0.2. The results showed that the indices have a high ability for modeling,mapping and estimating the soil salinity.Keywords: Indices, IRS-P6, Remote sensing, Soil Salinity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Geostatistical Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes of Pressure Breakers and Water Reservoirs in District 2 of Tehran
Mehrdad TavakolzadehPressure, as one of the practical and controllable factors in water distribution networks, has an essential role in how water is distributed. On the other hand, pressure control in implemented networks, is possible only by adjusting the control valves. In order to stand MorePressure, as one of the practical and controllable factors in water distribution networks, has an essential role in how water is distributed. On the other hand, pressure control in implemented networks, is possible only by adjusting the control valves. In order to standardize and improve the quality of water supply projects along with minimizing economic problems, the use of relevant rules, criteria, and standards is inevitable and necessary. In the present study, using the spatial information of the study area, including the raster layer of the digital model of region’s elevation and the layer point of the location of pressure breakers and water tanks, a data bank was first prepared. Interpolation maps were generated with 95% accuracy, and six-month periods were compared based on these maps. The results showed that the first and fourth periods of the study of water pressure fluctuations were similar. This study established the effect of time on the spatial distribution of water pressure based on the final maps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Review Paper: Luristan during the first Millennium B.C.
Sohila Hadipour Moradi -
Open Access Article
138 - The effectiveness of flourishing education on academic conflict and flourishing of primary school students
morteza pordel hosein kareshki majid pakdamanThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of flourishing education on increasing flourishing and academic engagement of students in the first three years of primary school. The research design was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test-post-test and foll MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of flourishing education on increasing flourishing and academic engagement of students in the first three years of primary school. The research design was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all students of the first three years of primary school in Torbat-e Heydarieh in the academic year of 1998-99. By available sampling method, 50 male students were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 25 (experimental and control). . The instrument used in this study was the HFQ flourishing questionnaire (2014) and the Rio Academic Conflict Questionnaire (2013). The experimental group underwent closed-loop training during 8 sessions of 90 minutes and 2 sessions per week and the control group remained without any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of flourishing components and academic engagement in the experimental and control groups. There is also a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group (P <0.01). Based on this, closed education based on prosperity can be considered as an effective way to increase prosperity and academic engagement of primary school students and use it in schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Considerations taken into account in text-book compilation in the republic of Azarbayjan
elnaz mahmoudavaText-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also MoreText-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also been formulated. Within 2003-2005, text-books were distributed free among first up to 11th grades. Within 2000-2007, 250 original text books were compiled. In 2002, text book compilation in German, English, and French started. Currently, textbook compilation in French and English has been finished. They are being reviewed and re-developed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The investigate and Position of Islamic Azad University on Students as well as Graduates Educated Women
parviz saeidiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of women education on employment and development. The research method is applied and of two procedures descriptive- survey. The subjects are senior female students of all fields and university graduates a MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of women education on employment and development. The research method is applied and of two procedures descriptive- survey. The subjects are senior female students of all fields and university graduates as well. There were 1071 senior female students that 220 students were chosen as sample using Kerjcie and Morgan. There were also 2639 women graduates and the sample was 220 . The questionnaire that was used as a data gathering device was proved reliable using pre test and calculating alpha. Its validity proved acceptable considering the experts` opinions. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software and the research hypotheses were accepted at 95% level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Evolution of Post in Qajar and First Pahlavi
Abdolreza Foladvand soheyla tarabi alireza abtahiAbstract There was no systematic communication system on the Qajar era, The country suffered serious damage during a relatively long period of conflict and political. struggles for power. Many of the communication infrastructure of the transportation network, especiall MoreAbstract There was no systematic communication system on the Qajar era, The country suffered serious damage during a relatively long period of conflict and political. struggles for power. Many of the communication infrastructure of the transportation network, especially Chaparkhaneh, was destroyed. At the time of Nader Shah, even the soldiere working in these centers were called to battlefields.As a result , no formal organization to send information from one part to another part of the country. Even between the governors and the federal government did not exist. Deep and extensive information was created on communication lines and transportation network in the Pahlavi era. Sashes were made. There fore the cental post office building was built in Tehran and some large urban areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of formation and development of a new pot institution in Iran. The methodology of this historical research is an analytical type based on library studies and reviews and archival docments. The data collection was interpreted and investigated after reviewing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A study of the legal laws of Zoroastrian women in the first centuries AH,based on the text of the Pahlavi narrative
soheila kamjoo Zahra Hamedi Elham MalekzadehPahlavis narration is a text in Middle Persian with relatively extensive information from religious commentaries and the ritual of Zoroastrian religion is stated in it. The identity of the author and the exact date of writing the text are unknown. But given the specific MorePahlavis narration is a text in Middle Persian with relatively extensive information from religious commentaries and the ritual of Zoroastrian religion is stated in it. The identity of the author and the exact date of writing the text are unknown. But given the specific content and features of the text, it is almost certain that this writing dates back to the first centuries AH it has been written with the aim of explaining and protecting the teaching of Zoroastrianism. Based on the descriptive analytical method, the present study aims to investigate the situation of women in this Pahlavi text. And it seeks to answer the question of the legal status of Zoroastrian women in the first Islamic centuries according to the text of the Pahlavi narration, how wazs it?studies show that the achievements and legal independence of Sassnid women continue to be valid among Zoroastrian women in the first centuries AH,it was preserved and accepted in the context of womens family life they were not limited to their husbands.the research findings show that the author of the text to compel women to follow the code of the house with a relatively sharp tone in the form of jurisprudential religious injunctions, women have been assigned duties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The effectiveness of Nazi Germany on the Reflection of Power Building in the Architecture of Governmental Buildings in Azerbaijan of the first Pahlavi period ( Case study: Tabriz & Urmia)
Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari Hossein SoltanzadehFirst Pahlavi period is considered the most outstanding era of Iran’s contemporary history due to extensive political and social transformation. During his twenty-year reign, Reza Shah was always trying to intensify his own reigning power structure because of his MoreFirst Pahlavi period is considered the most outstanding era of Iran’s contemporary history due to extensive political and social transformation. During his twenty-year reign, Reza Shah was always trying to intensify his own reigning power structure because of his nationalistic and military-centered inclinations as well as relationship with countries like Germany, especially in Hitler’s period. Meanwhile different cities of country such as Tabriz and Urmia located in the state of Azarbaijan also benefited from this kind of attitude, and important governmental buildings were stablished in these cities in the presence of German architects and engineers. How Nazi Germany structure had an effect on the manifestation of power structure in Iranian architectural structure and investigating it, in particular in two aforementioned cities, is the main goal of this research. As this research is qualitative, a combination of the two approaches of historical-interpretive and descriptive-analytic has been carried out. The results obtained imply that modeling of Nazi architectural concepts and western neoclassic bases resulting from the relations with Germany and the presence of German Architects has had an undeniable role in the formation of governmental architecture and power structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - New research on social security of the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political liberties)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi farsani Ali Reza Abtahi Syavash ShahrivarIn this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah a MoreIn this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah and his intellectuals along with him to gain political legitimacy by linking the Pahlavi monarchy to the ancient kingdoms of Iran, is an era of effective and timely formation of intellectual foundations Iran is new. Meanwhile, nationalism, which was consolidated as one of the main ideologies of the modernization process, was conquered by the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in the political and cultural contexts of Iran, played a central role in the intellectual changes of the first Pahlavi era. The first Pahlavi government made changes In various areas of Iran's social life, among these changes, were the changes that took place in the field of social security and subsequent social insecurity. In Iran, despite efforts made in the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. This article seeks to understand the causes of social insecurity, which was created in the first Pahlavi rehabilitation programs, and to answer the question of what constitutes the consequences of the Pahlavi era policies for social security and the solutions to social security in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method to better analyze the historical information obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - A new look at providing social security during the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political freedoms)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi alireza abtahiIn this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and MoreIn this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and clear stage It is the history of Iran that, by linking the first Pahlavi government with modern ideologies (nationalism) and historical backgrounds (archeology), was able to create important actions and policies in that time frame. Although this modernization and populism could have positive functions in the field of security and its components in the political and social sector, but it also paved the way for fundamental and dangerous social insecurities, which we seek to explain and analyze in this article. This article seeks to identify the causes of social insecurity created in the first Pahlavi modernization programs and to answer the question of what consequences the policies of the first Pahlavi era had for social security and what were the social security strategies in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method through which the obtained historical information can be better analyzed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The effects of the first Pahlavi's actions on the course of social developments and changes in the municipality system in old Estarabad
Ahmad Sardarzadeh Amir Akbari rajabali vosoghiKnowledge and awareness of the changes and transformations that occurred in the old Astarabad (currently Gorgan) is necessary for any planning for the changes that have occurred, because all the economic, social and cultural aspects of a society are linked with its popu MoreKnowledge and awareness of the changes and transformations that occurred in the old Astarabad (currently Gorgan) is necessary for any planning for the changes that have occurred, because all the economic, social and cultural aspects of a society are linked with its population and structural features. Iran's nomadic community, which played a decisive role in the social and political situation of the country until the beginning of the current century (A.H.), has lost its former importance and has gradually been marginalized following some political events, including the nomad settlement policy by Reza Shah. . In the upcoming research, after examining the information obtained from oral sources and supplementing it with other available sources, we will comprehensively understand the effects of Pahlavi's first measures with descriptive-analytical method. Based on the results of this research, the effects of the first Pahlavi's actions on the course of social developments and changes in the municipality system in the old Estrabad, including the cities of Gorgan and Bandar Turkmen. In written documents and sources, less attention has been paid to the mentality of people about the events around them. Therefore, oral sources play an important role in reaching the conclusion of this research. Therefore, one of the important measures in the first Pahlavi period was the construction of streets in small and large cities of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Omavi Governance; Tribe Prejudice and Expedient Reign
aliakbar abbasiOmavain strongly controlled and ruled all over Islamic territory during 132 - 141 h.a .exception to some minor events such as Ebn-E-Zobeir's riot, Abdoraman- Ebn- Mohamad- Ebn-Ashas's disobedience or Harith- Bin-Soriezh's challenge, they were so successful in keeping a MoreOmavain strongly controlled and ruled all over Islamic territory during 132 - 141 h.a .exception to some minor events such as Ebn-E-Zobeir's riot, Abdoraman- Ebn- Mohamad- Ebn-Ashas's disobedience or Harith- Bin-Soriezh's challenge, they were so successful in keeping a secure government. There were different conditions by the time of Aboumoslem's riot and Abasian's movement. Omavain government treats meagerly to serious and dangerous movement and ignores tribe prejudice and even selects the governors and major chairmen based on merit and in an exactly intensive process though not to the case of Abasian's movement. Using Ziad - Bin-Obeih (as a traditional challenger of Moavia's government) to control Kofa Sheas, appointing Hojjaj- Bin-Uesef to clear the reminded signs of Bin-Zobair's seven-years uprising, emphasizing on Mohallab Ezdi Yamani to defeat Khavarej's fearful riots, using Qhotaibe- Bin- Muslim's talent to develop their borders in Central Asia and also using some other Barbar military leader's capabilities to conquer Andolous are some strategic policies of Omavain government that conclude to endurance of their governance and are intended based on politics and predictable decision making. It is caused to have a long-time emperor in vast land from China to Spain. It should be noted that they prefer keeping government rather than devoting major chairs and titles to their own tribe men or their family and this is the main reason for their endurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A new manuscript of Alemara e Shah
mohammad nadi salim mayam heidareOne of the Iranain Historiographical traditions is the writing of books about Kings whose lifes coincidented with very effective changes. A sample is a manuscript which its author is Ismael Hosseini Marashi Tabrizi Known as “mir molayem bag” contempora MoreOne of the Iranain Historiographical traditions is the writing of books about Kings whose lifes coincidented with very effective changes. A sample is a manuscript which its author is Ismael Hosseini Marashi Tabrizi Known as “mir molayem bag” contemporary to Safid kings ,Shāh Safi and Shāh Abbas II , a book that we can entile its " Ālam Ārā-yi Shāh Ṭaḥmāsb I". Aiming to explain the events of Shah Tahmasb s period(1523-1576), Author has been writing the events from 1523 till 1573 A.D and with along narative prose & historical reports. Moreover, this manuscript gaves very useful information about political & military situation in Shāh Ṭaḥmāsb era & gives useful informations from social and cultural life of common peoples & etc. The aim of this article is to introduce & analysis of the numerous & meritorious qualities of this manuscript. Because, it is not pay attention to its. Then, this article ,briefly, notes to its value & importance by way of sorting & explaining of this manuscript s outstanding properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Radical yield in constitution from Iran (from establishment until decline of first congress)
zahra kazemiAfter the issue of the constitutional order by Mozaffaredin Shah and the establishment of the parliament; although Iran was included among the constitutional countries, the arguments between constitutionalists and dictators did not finish. With Mohammad Ali Shah's gaini MoreAfter the issue of the constitutional order by Mozaffaredin Shah and the establishment of the parliament; although Iran was included among the constitutional countries, the arguments between constitutionalists and dictators did not finish. With Mohammad Ali Shah's gaining power and the establishment of the parliament, the two groups' confrontation became severe and led to the oppression of the constitution and the closing of the parliament. The subject centering on this research is investigating the effect of the radical association on the evolution of the first parliament The results in this research, show that the fall of the first parliament was the result of the attempts in holding power by constitutional groups in one way and Shah and his supporters in the other. Meanwhile, the radical association became engaged in aggravating the opposition between Shah and the parliament, which unintentionally served for Shah. he, using the Radical as an alibi, could the closing of the parliament temporarily. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Obstacles to the Realization of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in the First Pahlavi Era
Hosein Shariati Alireza Azghandi Ahmad Saei Abolghasem TaheriHosein Shariati[1] Alireza Azghandi[2] Ahmad Saei[3] Abolghasem Taheri[4] Abstract: Authority, as one of the fundamental concepts of political science has developed a new definition in the modern era. Authority, as a modern concept, is defined as legitimate power MoreHosein Shariati[1] Alireza Azghandi[2] Ahmad Saei[3] Abolghasem Taheri[4] Abstract: Authority, as one of the fundamental concepts of political science has developed a new definition in the modern era. Authority, as a modern concept, is defined as legitimate power and legitimacy has become a secular and rational concept in this era. To describe this concept, Max Weber comes up with three prototypes of traditional, charismatic and legal authority. He believes that the criterion for the evaluation of the modern state is in the realization of the bureaucratic legal authority. In his view, the barrier against the realization of such authority is the opposition of traditionalists and aristocrats. The formation of the modern era in Iran began with the rise of Reza Shah Pahlavi, thus such government should necessarily have had the features of the modern concept of authority. However, due to losing their status and appearance of conflict of values, the traditional strata of Iran’s society such as clergies, merchants, aristocrats and nomads became a barrier in the way of the realization of the bureaucratic legal authority in Iran in the Reza Shah era. [1]-PhD Graduate of political science (Iranian studies) department of political science, faculty of law, theology and politics, science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [2]- Full professor of department of political science, faculty of law, theology and politics, science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran:Corresponding Author [3]- Associate professor of department of political science, faculty of law, theology and politics, science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [4]- Full professor of department of political science, faculty of law, theology and politics, science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Ira. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Cluster-head Election in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic
Hamid Reza Bakhshi Maryam Benabbas -
Open Access Article
152 - A Novel Eye Gaze Estimation Method Using Ant Colony Optimizer
Mina Etehadi Abari -
Open Access Article
153 - The role of Environmental factors on Firms Resilience In the ICM
vahid jafari asgar pakmaram Heydar Mohammadzadeh SaltehResilience is defined as the system's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining structure and performance. The present study provides a model for corporate resilience by predicting causal relationships between executive management vision structures, accounting e MoreResilience is defined as the system's capacity to absorb disturbances while maintaining structure and performance. The present study provides a model for corporate resilience by predicting causal relationships between executive management vision structures, accounting experience, administrative culture and corporate affairs, public performance, and corporate resilience. The statistical population of this study was managers and financial experts of the surveyed companies and the standard questionnaire was used to collect data. After performing the reliability and validity tests of the sample data, the relevant analyzes were performed based on the structural modeling approach. The results show that accounting experience, administrative culture and corporate affairs, and long-term executive vision have a significant effect on forecasting financial resilience. But the performance of the general public does not have a significant effect on the forecast of financial resilience. In general, these structures can be considered as a growing factor in the resilience of companies. Therefore, managers, actual, potential investors, and other stakeholders are advised to pay more attention to the discussion of environmental structures and to include them in their decision-making models. Because environmental structures can be the basis for their investment decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - A study of strategy implementation barriers in tax affairs organization of Golestan province
Zeinilabedin Rahmani ahmad rah chamani saeid tayebiIn this paper, attempts are made to identify obstacles to strategy implementation in Golestan province's tax affairs. Data were collected through a survey. The sample included all employees and managers in the province's tax affairs. Therefore, based on the current lite MoreIn this paper, attempts are made to identify obstacles to strategy implementation in Golestan province's tax affairs. Data were collected through a survey. The sample included all employees and managers in the province's tax affairs. Therefore, based on the current literature and views of experts and specialists, 47 variables were identified as barriers to implementing the strategy. Using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, we determined the distribution of the questionnaire data. The data analysis revealed 35 major obstacles from 47 primary obstacles. Rating was completed using Friedman test. The findings may help us reduce the probability of failure in implementing the strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Designing an Organizational Agility Measurement Scale in the Public Sector
Isa Silavi Mohammadjavad HozoriThe purpose of this research is to design an organizational agility scale for public organizations. The statistical population includes employees of Khuzestan Province Tax Administration. To design the scale, six factors with 25 items were originally designed using the MoreThe purpose of this research is to design an organizational agility scale for public organizations. The statistical population includes employees of Khuzestan Province Tax Administration. To design the scale, six factors with 25 items were originally designed using the literature and background of previous studies inspired by the A.T Kearny Institute model. These factors include: organizational leadership, organizational change, e-government, performance management, customer service and organizational culture. The designed questionnaire was provided to experts familiar with organizational agility. Data were analyzed by One-way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and seven items from the first 25 items were eliminated. In the next step, a modified questionnaire was distributed among 180 individuals who were selected by random sampling method and based on the sampling formula from a limited population. To identify the final factors, the data of this stage was analyzed through exploratory factor analysis. Finally, four factors were identified: performance management, customer-oriented organizational culture, organizational change-based innovation and organizational leadership. All items were classified into four factors due to their lack of loading factor on more than one factor and the final scale was developed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The effect of knowledge management on organization performance with mediating role of organizational agility
Rasol Rezayie Davood GharakhanyIn the present era, organizations and economic corporation are in the wake of achievement to practices and approaches to improve business and lead the organization towards the growth and excellence, and can create a sustainable competitive advantage. One of the means fo MoreIn the present era, organizations and economic corporation are in the wake of achievement to practices and approaches to improve business and lead the organization towards the growth and excellence, and can create a sustainable competitive advantage. One of the means for achieving this competitive advantage is development of knowledge management in the organizations. This study examined the impact of knowledge management on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational agility in Qazvin tax affairs. the statistical society, employees of Qazvin tax affairs , the number of 550 persons and sampling methods were simple random based on Cochran formula 227 persons selected as examples. In order to access of the necessary information for analysis of research variables, has been used three questionnaires. With using of the structural validity method and confirmation factor analysis, validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. To determine the reliability of the questionnaires, was used the coefficient of cronbach's alpha that is showing the reliability of research measurement. For the data analysis, were used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. To test the hypothesis of research were used structural equations modeling (SEM) and LISREL 8.80 software. The results of this study showed that: knowledge management with path coefficient of +0.31 and T-statistics of 3.51 have a positive and meaningful impact on organizational performance; also knowledge management with the mediating role of organizational agility have a positive and meaningful impact on organizational performance of province Qazvin tax affairs with path coefficient of +0.43 and T-statistics of 7.52 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Comparative Study of City Identity in Architecture and Photography of the First Pahlavi Period
Maryam Molaei Hossein Safari Farzaneh Asadi MalekjahanStudying and analyzing the works of art of a society requires understanding the culture, thought and current of thought that governs that society. The city is a setting for social life and the events that take place there. The physical appearance and places of the city MoreStudying and analyzing the works of art of a society requires understanding the culture, thought and current of thought that governs that society. The city is a setting for social life and the events that take place there. The physical appearance and places of the city determine the thinking of the inhabitants of the city. The architecture of each period is the memory and embodied identity of that period. Architecture is the physical language of society that the people of that period created at a specific time, place and geography.The media is very important in portraying the urban image and shaping or directing the attitude and perception of the citizens of their place of residence. The concept of identity is one of the most complex issues in the field of humanities, the roots of which should be sought in sciences such as philosophy, psychology and sociology. On the other hand, the concept of identity in architectural works has a deep connection with the definition of the concept of identity in human beings, so that a work is considered as a symbol of a person's personality. In this study, we intend to examine the concept of identity in historical contexts and photographic works of the first Pahlavi period and analyze the relationship between the two. During the reign of the first Pahlavi, the registries and documents and banks underwent fundamental changes in the administrative system; With the advent of new departments such as the judiciary, railways, ministries and various organizations, a new form of bureaucracy emerged in Iran. Foreign architects and urban planners were used to design and build new buildings. New building materials and methods caused changes in the height of the building. Changes in various political and economic fields affected the cultural and social fields and changes took place in the architecture and urban planning of this period. The buildings designed in this period, despite having a national and Iranian appearance, represent the identity crisis between the historical and ancient past of Iran and the new Western architectural style. The research method in the present study is qualitative-comparative-analytical and has been done by field studies in the form of direct observation. In the library studies section, various sources such as resources available in university libraries and authoritative articles in the field of architecture and photography have been used. After asking questions and explaining the purpose, the lexical meaning and different theories about identity were examined from the perspective of architectural and photographic theorists. The results show that architecture and photography both create space and the spirit of life and have common elements for understanding space that have a different effect on the viewer. Photography, with the expression of the past, seems to have revealed the existence of the past in existence.Visual spaces are the most important factor in expression in photography. The identity or meaning of a work is the product of interaction and social interaction between the individual and that work, which is formed based on the interaction between the characteristics of the work and the audience's mental image. Urban spaces and architectural buildings help photographers to create an identity and create a place through space-making, and to record the cultural, historical, and social situation of their time. Architecture and photography have an important and special role in understanding the concept of identity in the first Pahlavi era. Because the reflection of the prevailing thoughts on the society and the social and political atmosphere of that period and especially the city of Tehran as the capital and represent the conditions of the society of that day.The results of research showed, architecture and photography, as a media, play an important role in understanding the concept of identity during the first pahlavi period. Because of the reflection of the dominant thoughts on society and the political and political space of that period, especially in Tehran as the capital and representative of the conditions of the population, as a permanent document of architectural space and spaces, it is important to tell the narrative and address the elements and spaces that are important for the recognition of the memory and identity of the city, but today they are not present or changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Analyzing the lived experiences of teachers during the Corona era and providing a practical model for implementing the evaluation process in post-corona combined education
Behrang Esmaeili shadThe purpose of the current research was to analyze the lived experiences of teachers during the Corona era and provide a practical model for implementing the evaluation process in post-Corona combined education. In terms of purpose, the research was applied, and in term MoreThe purpose of the current research was to analyze the lived experiences of teachers during the Corona era and provide a practical model for implementing the evaluation process in post-Corona combined education. In terms of purpose, the research was applied, and in terms of method, it was a qualitative study that was conducted in a phenomenological way. The statistical population included all the teachers of the first secondary schools of North Khorasan province, numbering 1478 people. In the current research, a purposeful snowball sampling method was used, and 20 people were selected as a statistical sample. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed using the Coley method. According to the results of the research, the opportunities of virtual education from the teachers' point of view are: teacher-oriented opportunities (improving media literacy and information knowledge, eliminating expensive traffic, teachers' efforts to make the teaching environment attractive and stimulating, raising the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Analysis of effective factors on Faculty Development of Azad University, Azadshahr Branch
Majid Pakdaman Ahmad Reza TalebiThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' knowledge of learning disabilities andstudents' sense of belong toschool and academic performance Using a sample of 45, for each teacher five students were selected from the same class (size stu MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' knowledge of learning disabilities andstudents' sense of belong toschool and academic performance Using a sample of 45, for each teacher five students were selected from the same class (size student sample was 225). The results showed there in no significant relationship between teachers' knowledge and sense of attachement. Between the academic performance of students and teachers knowledge about learning disabilities there is a significant relationship. Regression analysis showed that teachers' knowledge has the ability to predict academic performance of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Causal modeling of vulnerability of extramarital relationships based on emotional schemas mediated by sexual function
Sanaz Soltani Ali khademi Abbas Bakhshipour Marzieh Alivandi VafaAn extramarital affair is a traumatic event that can jeopardize a couple's married life. Therefore, the present study was performed to provide a causal modeling of the vulnerability of extramarital relationships based on emotional schemas mediated by sexual function. Th MoreAn extramarital affair is a traumatic event that can jeopardize a couple's married life. Therefore, the present study was performed to provide a causal modeling of the vulnerability of extramarital relationships based on emotional schemas mediated by sexual function. The statistical population in this study was all married women in Tabriz in 1399 who had been married for about 1-10 years. To select a sample from the mentioned population, a sample of at least 384 people was selected by purposive sampling method. Research data were collected using questionnaires on vulnerability of extramarital relationships, female sexual function index and emotional schemas. All analyzes were performed using Smart PLS software version 3. Findings showed that the path coefficient and t-statistic related to the effect of "emotional schemas" on "vulnerability of extramarital relationships" are equal to 0.025 and 1.531, respectively. Because the value of t is less than 1.96; therefore, at a significance level of 0.05, emotional schema has no direct effect on the vulnerability of extramarital relationships. It is also observed that the path coefficient and t-statistic related to the effect of "sexual function" on "vulnerability of extramarital affairs" are -0.249 and 8.240, respectivelyAs the absolute value of t is greater than 2.58; therefore, at a significance level of 0.01, sexual function has a direct effect on the vulnerability of extramarital affairs. Undoubtedly, recognizing and examining the roots of extramarital affairs and planning to prevent and reduce and eliminate the underlying factors, will guide the society in order to improve the level of health, maintain social order and balance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Study on Quantitative Characteristics of Three Promising Cotton Genotypes in Country Moderate Regions (Khodafarin)
M.B. Khorshidi Benam O. AlishahFor recognizing exotic high performance genotypes, three new hybrid cotton genotypes (tbl180, Teskhi-9 and Cri108) were compared with control (Sahel) in a RCBD with four replicates at Khodafarin in 2012 and 2013. Genotypes were planted in six rows in 80×20 cm arra MoreFor recognizing exotic high performance genotypes, three new hybrid cotton genotypes (tbl180, Teskhi-9 and Cri108) were compared with control (Sahel) in a RCBD with four replicates at Khodafarin in 2012 and 2013. Genotypes were planted in six rows in 80×20 cm arrangement. Attributes like yield, homogeneity, boll number, plant weight and plant height were measured. Results showed that year×genotypes interaction for lint yield in both first and second cuts and total, and homogeneity were significant. Differences between two cuts were not significant in all genotypes. The results also revealed that Teskhi-9 having lowes TOL and highest STI values was recognized to be the most adaptable genotype as compared with other two genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Evaluation Social concepts of architectural space organization of public buildings in the first Pahlavi era in Tabriz based on Michel Foucault’s theory of power
Noushin Ghorbani Sahar Toofan Habib Shahhosseini أima Valizadeh Hassan Sattari SarbangoliChanges in the building space organization in the first Pahlavi era in public buildings in Tabriz, Iran are evident. The question is whether it is possible to study the hidden pattern in modern architectural structures from the perspective of sociological principles and MoreChanges in the building space organization in the first Pahlavi era in public buildings in Tabriz, Iran are evident. The question is whether it is possible to study the hidden pattern in modern architectural structures from the perspective of sociological principles and use it as a fixed pattern in architecture and control the people in the building behaviorally? In this regard, Michael Foucault, who relates space to the functional needs of power, introduces disciplinary techniques that lead to the control of people in the space. The goal of this study is to compare Michael Foucault’s disciplinary techniques such as space functionality, row organization, gridding, spatial separation and visibility (Panopticon), which lead to enhanced performance, activity control, removal of scattered circulation and space wastage, spatial dominance and individual behavior control, in three case studies that include a leather factory, a municipality building and a boys' training college in Tabriz in the first Pahlavi era. This study is qualitative and done by analyzing case studies and the findings are the result of library resources, and field observations. The results of this study show that the items such as cellular structure of the space, customization of places, elimination of scattered circulation by a certain and limited circulation design, elimination of space wastage by functional design of the space and the proportionality of the space with the body have been employed in the case studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Understanding the Sociolinguistic Problem of “Arian Marriage/Marriage Contract” Construct within an Anti-structuralist Context of Arianism
Ayyub Yussefpour Nezami Samad Sabbagh Dehkharqani Davud Davud Kuhi Mohammad AbbaszadehThis critical investigation addresses Arian marriage/marriage contract within the framework of post-Qajar Farsi language framework and deals with its functions in Iranian/Islamic family institution issues. In the context of the current research, the subject has been tre MoreThis critical investigation addresses Arian marriage/marriage contract within the framework of post-Qajar Farsi language framework and deals with its functions in Iranian/Islamic family institution issues. In the context of the current research, the subject has been treated as a syndrome of (post-Qajarid anti-structuralist) Arianism. The research has also been shaped by an interpretation of Heideggerian linguistic approach (paradigmatic motor concept). We have argued that language is not only a field and instrument of research but it also is the essence of social existence and the house of being. Social realities also exist in and through language. Hence, Arian marriage contract has a linguistic reality and with its claims and linguistic excuses it should be understood within the context of post-Qajarid era. Using a grand theory perspective, the current research resulted in some axiomatic findings: it seems that this racist construct is fed by and is related to the linguistic products of other anti-structuralist constructs. This formal and functional relationship between Arian construct and other anti-structuralist constructs has threatened the very ethical/national security. Its explicit malfunctioning can be integrated with the internal and international affairs and finally result in destructionof the family institution and social order. It has been argued that political/ideological provocations can be combined with the dominant consumerist spirits, the propaganda from marriage service instituions and commodification of marriage ceremony in this post-modern atmosphere and facilitate the spread of Arian marriage in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Content analysis of Holy Defense warrior memoirs emphasizing the identification of highlighted values
Mahmoud Asgari Muhammad Reza RasoliIn the contemporary era, one of the events that affected the language and content of Persian poetry was the Iran- Iraq war. The committed poets of this land used all their arts and talents to create the epics of this period and with their efforts a literature was create MoreIn the contemporary era, one of the events that affected the language and content of Persian poetry was the Iran- Iraq war. The committed poets of this land used all their arts and talents to create the epics of this period and with their efforts a literature was created that is known as holy defense literature. The holy defense literature is one of the main branches of Islamic Revolution literature which deserves serious study especially by younger generation researchers. The method used to analyze the themes or values of the holy defense was a descriptive analysis of the content using the Shannon entropy method. The results show that, the amount of attention to the high values of the holy defense in the book (I am slightly wavy), 3. 07% and (the wicked division) with 37.85%, respectively, have the least and the most frequencies in the field of the high values of holy defense. Also, among those highlighted values, the highest coefficient of importance is for the commanders' responsibility (0.774) and the lowest coefficient of importance is for intimacy and cooperation (0.303), the joke (0.031) and the visit of the martyrs’ family (0.038). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Changes to the lawsuit regarding the validity of the judgment are judged
Ali Omrani Hasan Pashazadeh Esmaeil SaghiriIn this article, we want to study the impact of the change in the dispute on the validity of the validity of the judgment given. In this regard, we are confronted with the question that the change in the direction of the dispute applies to the change in the direction of MoreIn this article, we want to study the impact of the change in the dispute on the validity of the validity of the judgment given. In this regard, we are confronted with the question that the change in the direction of the dispute applies to the change in the direction of the verdict, or whether it is necessary to change the subject of the dispute so that we can make a change in the course of the dispute and, consequently, in the absence of the truth of the validity of the judgment. The majority of writers consider the legal description of the court to be necessary for the realization of the concept, and most of the disagreement over the possibility of redefining the subject's thematic and the possibility of filing a claim is merely a change in description. After studying the concept of credit, the judgment is judged and judicial decisions are subject to this rule and relying on this thinking based on the fact that the lawsuits are subject to the subject realization and not to the point, the existence of the ruling is also ruled out, with caution We have come to the conclusion that changing the direction of the dispute will not be true by changing the direction of the verdict but by changing the direction of the matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - ارتباط میان توانش نگارش در زبان اول و دوم
سعیده آهنگریدر این مقاله بررسی راههای انتقال مفاهیم از زبان مادری که ممکن است به مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم کمک کند انجام گرفته است. زبان آموزان در یادگیری مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم به دو منبع دسترسی دارند: دانش و مهارت نوشتن در زبان مادری و دیگری مطالبی که اززبان دوم اکتساب میکنند. تحق Moreدر این مقاله بررسی راههای انتقال مفاهیم از زبان مادری که ممکن است به مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم کمک کند انجام گرفته است. زبان آموزان در یادگیری مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم به دو منبع دسترسی دارند: دانش و مهارت نوشتن در زبان مادری و دیگری مطالبی که اززبان دوم اکتساب میکنند. تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تاثیر مهارتهای نوشتن در زبان مادری بر مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم صورت گرفته است. برای انجام این تحقیق 60 نفر از دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی از دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریزبرگزیده شده اند. این 60 نفر به دو گروه 30 نفری یعنی یک گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه شاهد تقسیم شدند و جهت تثبیت یکسانی دانش عمومی زبان انگلیسی آنها یک تست تافل به آنها داده شده و گروه ها از روی نمرات تافل برگزیده شدند.. سپس جهت انجام تحقیق عناوینی به گروه ها داده شد که راجع به آنها انشایی بنویسند: گروه شاهد راجع به عناوین داده شده به زبان انگلیسی انشاهایی نوشتند اما از گروه آزمایشی خواسته شد که ابتدا به فارسی راجع به عناوین نوشته سپس آن را به انگلیسی ترجمه کنند. انشاهای دانشجویان توسط دو نفر از اساتید نگارش ارزیابی شده و با توجه به جدولی که در آخر این مقاله ضمیمه شده نمره داده شدند و سپس بین نمرات دوگروه تی تست گرفته شد و معلوم گردید که گروه آزمایشی نمرات بیشتری از گروه شاهد دریافت داشتند. سپس جهت تعیین اینکه این اختلاف بیشتر در کدام قسمت از نوشتارمشهود است یک تست آنالیز واریانس(ANOVA) در مورد اجزای نوشته ها انجام گرفت و نتایج نشان داد که محتوا و واژگان نوشته ها بیشتر تحت تاثیر استفاده از زبان مادری قرار گرفته اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - مطالعه توسعه آوایی و واژگانی کودکی فارسی زبان
محمد حسین کشاورز محمد احمدی صفاتحقیق حاضر به توصیف و تحلیل توسعه آوایی و واژگانی کودکی می پردازد که زبان فارسی را به عنوان زبان اول خود فرا می گیرد. تولید زبانی این کودک در مرحله تک واژگانی- که بطور عمده شامل تولید کلمات تنها می باشد- به مدت هفت ماه از ابتدای 16 تا 23 ماهگی وی مورد مشاهده ، ثبت ، و ت Moreتحقیق حاضر به توصیف و تحلیل توسعه آوایی و واژگانی کودکی می پردازد که زبان فارسی را به عنوان زبان اول خود فرا می گیرد. تولید زبانی این کودک در مرحله تک واژگانی- که بطور عمده شامل تولید کلمات تنها می باشد- به مدت هفت ماه از ابتدای 16 تا 23 ماهگی وی مورد مشاهده ، ثبت ، و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. هدف از اجرای این تحقیق بررسی این موضوع می باشد که آیا یافته های مطالعات مربوط به توسعه آوایی و واژگانی کودکان درزبانهای دیگر، در مورد زبان فارسی به عنوان زبانی از زبانهای شاخه هند واروپائی نیزصادق است یا خیر؟ در این تحقیق مباحث «غلبه مقوله دستوری اسم»، «جهش واژگانی» و غلبه ساختارهای آوایی CV, CVC, CVCV در تولیدات واژگانی اولیه کودک مورد بررسی و تایید قرار گرفته است. مطالعات محدود و انگشت شمار انجام یافته در زمینه توسعه آوایی و واژگانی کودکان در زبان فارسی نشانگر لزوم و اهمیت مطالعه در این زمینه می باشد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - یادگیری و رشد دستور زبان فارسی در بین کودکان رده سنی مهد کودک
Farhad Tayebipour محمد جواد ریاستیهدف از انجام مطالعه کمی حاضر، پاسخگویی به چهار سوال است: نخست اینکه آیا تفاوتی بین توسعه دانش دستوری کودکان 2.6 ساله و کودکان 3.6 ساله وجود دارد. دوم اینکه آیا تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه سنی از نظر میانگین طول پاره گفتار (MLU) وجود دارد. سوال سوم به رابطه بین میانگ Moreهدف از انجام مطالعه کمی حاضر، پاسخگویی به چهار سوال است: نخست اینکه آیا تفاوتی بین توسعه دانش دستوری کودکان 2.6 ساله و کودکان 3.6 ساله وجود دارد. دوم اینکه آیا تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه سنی از نظر میانگین طول پاره گفتار (MLU) وجود دارد. سوال سوم به رابطه بین میانگینطولپارهگفتار کودکان و مربیان آنها می پردازد. چهارم اینکه آیا محدوده طبیعی پیشنهادی براون (1973) در فراگیری زبان فارسی مشاهده می شود. به این منظور شش نمونه زبانی مربوط به کودکان و مربیان مهد کودک در طی یک دوره زمانی شش هفته ای جمع آوری و سپس مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج مطالعه از لحاظ تفاوتهای سنی و توسعه دانش دستوری نشان داد که هیچ پاسخ قطعی یا مثبتی برای این سوال وجود ندارد. یعنی در برخی موارد تفاوت هایی مشاهده شد و در برخی موارد دیگر هیچ تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. همچنین از لحاظ میانگینطولپارهگفتار، تفاوت معنی داری بین دو گروه سنی مشاهده شد. اما هیچ تفاوت معنی داری در میانگینطولپارهگفتار بین کودکان و مربیان مشاده نشد. در نهایت مشخص شد که محدوده طبیعی پیشنهادی براون (1973) در فراگیری زبان فارسی وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Considering Cleanness and Uncleanness as Nominal or Real Issues from the Viewpoints of Religious Percepts
Yaghoob Pourjamal mohammadreza AyatiUnderstanding the nature of religious juridical subjects is one of the effective necessities of religious jurisprudence in making clear the religious precepts criteria. Both cleanliness and uncleanness are very important issues in the religious jurisprudence that unders MoreUnderstanding the nature of religious juridical subjects is one of the effective necessities of religious jurisprudence in making clear the religious precepts criteria. Both cleanliness and uncleanness are very important issues in the religious jurisprudence that understanding their nature from real and not real points of view may cause some basic changes in the field of cleanness and uncleanness. Now the question is whether cleanness and uncleanness are considered as real issues or nominal issues, what are the necessities and consequences of both views? Researching of the received religious percepts in the field of cleanness and uncleanness indicated that despite of lack of vividness in the nature of cleanliness and uncleanness from the viewpoint of real or nominal because of explicit reference of religious percepts criteria in the cases these proofs considered from high potential in proving and extracting of reality of cleanliness and uncleanness. The researcher not only considered the religious percepts in the field of cleanliness and uncleanness but also studied the criteria for religious percepts and concluded that cleanliness and uncleanness are a real affair which can be a matter of nominal religious percepts, and in that religious speeches they did consider cleanness and uncleanness for all things with attention to the real presence of both. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Fundamentals of Civil Liability of Government Financial Affairs according to Relative Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammad Adibi Mehr Eynollah SotaniThere are two well-known theories regarding the basis of civil liability presented by experts fault theory and risk theory. However these theories have problems preventing them from being responsive to today complicated relations. There are Hadiths and narratives in jur MoreThere are two well-known theories regarding the basis of civil liability presented by experts fault theory and risk theory. However these theories have problems preventing them from being responsive to today complicated relations. There are Hadiths and narratives in jurisprudence identifying the foundations of government civil liabilities, the most important of which is no-harm principle. In law, including constitution as well as other rules, there are principles and articles dealing with governmental civil liabilities. However, these articles recognize governmental civil liabilities merely in special cases. In the present study, first the general foundations of civil liabilities are studied; then the legal and jurisprudential principles of civil liabilities in financial affairs of the government are investigated. Finally, some considerable suggestions are presented in this regard indicating government failure in financial affairs; hence the government should take legal and official arrangements, so that no legal and real entities are harmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Judicial Study in the Need of the First Wife's Permission for Remarriage
Bibi Rahimeh Ebrahimi Ali RhamaniOne of the challenging problems in the area of family law is the permission of polygamy and the dissent of the first wife. The permission of plural marriage for the men is accepted according to text of the Quran and there is no doubt about it. This paper has been inve MoreOne of the challenging problems in the area of family law is the permission of polygamy and the dissent of the first wife. The permission of plural marriage for the men is accepted according to text of the Quran and there is no doubt about it. This paper has been investigated the need of first wife's permission for man to marry again. In this regard, we have been studied the methods of argument to these two verses: (but if you fear that you will not do justice -between them-, then –marry- only one) and (and treat them kindly), possible conflicts of these verses with some other signs and determining the order of different forms of this marriage based on the principles outlined in Rule (La Dharar). This scientific investigation has used the library research paper and the method of descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Jurisprudence Investigation of Insolence Behavior in Cyberspace
Mojtaba HosseinnezhadThe rapacity and insolencebehaviortaking place in virtual world has become a major and challenging issue in the present time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a possibility of insolence behavior in cyberspace and if it is possible to sentenc MoreThe rapacity and insolencebehaviortaking place in virtual world has become a major and challenging issue in the present time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a possibility of insolence behavior in cyberspace and if it is possible to sentence the same as insolent offender's crime in an authentic and non-virtual space, then how it can be legitimated in a cybercrime context, if considered possible. By reviewing the cases and reasons, it can be concluded that, first, even if all the requisites needed for the crime is accepted based on Fokaha's quotes, there will be no obstacle to accept the crime in virtual space. Second, insolence behavior in cyber space can be sentenced the same as insolence behavior in authentic and non-virtual context. Third, although the first presumption is related to the non-enforcement of judgments for rebels based on the principle of Dara, mitigation of punishment and presumption of innocence, it should be noted that the insolent offender who committed the crime through the use of virtual tools can be subjected to the punishment just like an offender in real and authentic environment as per to narratives and verses supporting the use of verity proposition by ascribing to the principle of Dara, mitigation of punishment and presumption of innocence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - An Introduction to Legal and Judicial Nature of Pension
Hamid Masjedsaraei Mostafa JabbariThose who are familiar with the words of employment salary retirement and pension know that after employee death his/her salary belongs to special regulation to his/her heirs. There is no difference in this respect that the employee has died during the employment or aft MoreThose who are familiar with the words of employment salary retirement and pension know that after employee death his/her salary belongs to special regulation to his/her heirs. There is no difference in this respect that the employee has died during the employment or after retirement. This research has been done to find convincing answers to questions such as: what is the nature of pension? Is pension naturally legal? The important conclusion of this research is that, contrary to legal provisions pension, it is by nature legal and is subjected to particular regulations of inheritance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Legal and Economic Analysis of Design, Procurement and Construction Contracts with a Jurisprudential Approach
Mohammad Nourozi Jalil Qanavati Seyyed Ali Seyyed Ahmadi SajadiAccording to Article 4 of the Constitution, it is necessary to comply modern contracts with Sharia. Design, procurement and construction contracts are some of the modern contracts, so that Article 165 of the 5th Development Plan obliges executive agencies to implement i MoreAccording to Article 4 of the Constitution, it is necessary to comply modern contracts with Sharia. Design, procurement and construction contracts are some of the modern contracts, so that Article 165 of the 5th Development Plan obliges executive agencies to implement it. Since a unit in this contract performs different stages of design, purchase and construction, and the employer can use the project with a key, it is known as the turnkey and key contracts. This study investigated the contract with a jurisprudential approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Alterations in acute phase proteins, hemogram and electrophoretic pattern of equine serum proteins following change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate
Rouhoullah Karampour Mohammad Razi Jalali mohammad rahim haji hajikalaei Alireza Ghadrdan mashhadiDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group o MoreDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group of serum proteins whose concentrations increase in response to infections, inflammation, trauma, and neoplasia. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the serum levels of serum biomarkers, fibrinogen and total protein concentration along with the nutritional behavior of horses during diet change. For this purpose, two types of diets, including forage (first treatment) and mixture of forage with concentrate (second treatment) were used for each horse for fifteen consecutive days. Complete blood cell counts as well as serum levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid type A were measured before and after dietary changes. Serum fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid A levels were significantly increased in horses of the second treatment group compared to horses in the first treatment group (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in the complete blood cell count due to the change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate (p<0.05). It seems that changes in the natural flora of the horse's digestive tract following a change in diet can protect the animal's body against acute inflammatory and traumatic injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of cloisonne kidney lesion frequency in slaughtered sheeps of Tabriz and Rashta slaughterhouse
آرش KhakiCloisonne kidney is an accidental finding of the kidneys observed in abattoir. The lesion caused by the thickening of the proximal and sometimes distal convoluted tubules basement membranes due to iron pigmentation is so far reported in goats, sheep and horses. Renal co MoreCloisonne kidney is an accidental finding of the kidneys observed in abattoir. The lesion caused by the thickening of the proximal and sometimes distal convoluted tubules basement membranes due to iron pigmentation is so far reported in goats, sheep and horses. Renal cortex is brown but the condition does not involve the medulla. The lesion brings about no impairment of the renal normal function and affected animals are clinically normal. Although the exact cause of this condition remains unknown but intravascular hemolysis is considered to have a role. The following study was undertaken to determine sheep cloisonne kidney frequency rate in Tabriz and Rasht abattoir. A number of 10000 sheep carcasses in Rasht slaughterhouse and 8600 carcasses in Tabriz slaughterhouse were randomly examined and tissue samples were stained with H&E. Only eleven cases were diagnosed with the cloisonne kidney lesion. Thus the frequency rate of the lesion was estimated at 0.059% in sheep of these cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - A study of life skills assessment among first grade high school students
Fariba Karimi Saeideh FekriThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chos MoreThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chosen as the sample size. The sampling method was random stage sampling. To gather the data the life skills standard questionnaire which included problem solving, empathy, creative thinking, decision making, coping with emotions and stress, critical Hinking, effective communication, self-awareness, interpersonal relationship. The face and content validity was confirmed by experts and according to cronbach’s alpha coefficient , the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.85.Data analysis was accomplished in two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.(T test for a single mean, t test for independent). Findings showed that First-grade students’ enjoyment in decision making skill, problem solving, critical thinking and interpersonal relationship was average and in other skills was less than average. Student’s highest level of enjoyment was in critical thinking skill and their lowest level of enjoyment was in creative thinking skill. There is a significant difference between male and female students in Effective Communication skill and the average scores of girls were more than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - A study of the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational learning among academic members and staff in first Islamic Azad University region, and presenting a model for improving organizational learning
Mohammad Jamalzadeh Younes Gholami Mohammad Hassan SeifThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational learning among academic members and staff in first Islamic AzadUniversity region, and presenting a model for improving organizational learning. The research MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational learning among academic members and staff in first Islamic AzadUniversity region, and presenting a model for improving organizational learning. The research method was quantity and correlation. The statistical population was academic members and Staff. Using Morgan table, the sample size was (156 staff and 169 academic members). The ratio stratified sampling was used. Gathering data was done through two standard questionnaires namely are chosen by sampling and subjects responds: Nife Organizational Learning (2001) and Albrekht Organizational Intelligence (2003). To test the hypotheses inferential statistic such as two variable regression, stepwise regression and multiple regression in an INTER model were used. The results showed that the organizational intelligence dimensions such as: strategic perspective, common fate, tendency to change and mood variables in both groups had more percentage than organizational learning variable. The results of predicted model of organizational learning through organizational intelligence components showed that the rate of organizational learning through common fate, tendency to change, mood, applying knowledge and performance pressure was 83% , the rate of common fate through mood, applying knowledge and performance pressure was 61%, the rate of mood through applying knowledge and performance pressure was 50% and finally the rate of applying knowledge through and performance pressure was 67 %. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Evaluation of Educational Software Used in Primary Schools Based on the First Principles of Merrill Education
Zakiye Adelipoor Morteza KaramiThis study aimed to evaluate educational software used at priming level based on the first principles of Merrill education which was done using evaluative methods. For this purpose, 18 different software were selected from among the educational software at elementary le MoreThis study aimed to evaluate educational software used at priming level based on the first principles of Merrill education which was done using evaluative methods. For this purpose, 18 different software were selected from among the educational software at elementary level that have been produced by the ministry of education in years 1391- 1393 and evaluated using a 20 item-ersearcher made checklist. The content validity of the checklist was approved by three experts and its reliability was estimated through re-encoding 15% of the software by a second encoder, which came to be .84. The results showed that the mean of the principle of integration was at an unfavorable level; the means of the principles of problem-centered and activation were at a rather favorable level, and the mean of the principles of demonstration and application were at a favorable level. On the whole, it can be concluded that educational software are based on the first principles of Merrill education to an acceptable level except for the integration principle Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The relationship between the manager's achievement motivation with the teacher's participation in decision making, Urmia high schools in the academic year 2009-10
Assadullah Khadivi Zarin Danishvar Noushin MirzaeiThe objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the manager's achievement motivation with the teacher's participation in decision making, Urmia high schools in the academic year 2009-10. The research method is survey- correlation. The statistical MoreThe objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the manager's achievement motivation with the teacher's participation in decision making, Urmia high schools in the academic year 2009-10. The research method is survey- correlation. The statistical population was 93 managers. Using Morgan table, 75 managers as sample size through random multi_ stage method was selected. To test the hypotheses, the inferential statistics of Pearson correlation, independent T_ test, one way ANOVA were used Gathering data was done through two questioners namely: Herman's achievement motivation questionnaire with 30 questions and a researcher made one concerning the teachers' participation in affairs related to school with 38 questions were used. Using kolmograph S, normal distribution was used to check on variables. The results showed: there was a significant correlation between manager's achievement motivation with the teacher's participation and managers' age but there was not any significant correlation between manager's achievement motivation with managers' work experience and managing experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Evaluating the formation process of free-thinking chairs, A Case Study (Islamic Azad Universities of Khuzestan province): A Qualitative Research
Hamad Moghadam Ali Hossein Hosseinzadeh Mousa Shahriari -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effect of Young Mothers’ Social Classes on First Language Acquisition
Saeedeh Mansouri -
Open Access Article
183 - Survival Time of Young Women Childbearing in Tehran
Adel Abdollahi Arezoo Bagheri Mahsa Saadati -
Open Access Article
184 - A Study on the Effective factors in forming Social Identity among high-schools students
Ali Asqar Abbasi -
Open Access Article
185 - The Dictatorial Quasi-Romanticism of The First Pahlavi Government In The City of Bandar Anzali
Erfan Khasm Afkan Nezam Mostafa Kiani HashemiThe nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellect MoreThe nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellectual philosophy, of which literature and architecture were only one of the fields of its emergence, and in the social and political fields, in the form of intellectual movements that stimulated Iranian nationalism or nationalism as a way to integrate and empower Iran in Reza Khan's government, and caused the transformation of Iran became a stable and secure country. One of the ways of implementing Reza Khan's "Imperial Theory" was the use of art and especially architecture. Therefore, the current research seeks to find the answer to the question that the worldview of Iranian pseudo-romanticism in order to legitimize the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi government, how and with what indicators and components were manifested in the architecture of government buildings in Bandar Anzali city? Was the image created by the government in line with the opinion of the intellectuals? Therefore, the research is of a qualitative and applied type, using the comparative-comparative method through the method of library studies. The results of the research show that in addition to Pahlavi's cultural discourse to realize his modernist approach through architecture in the form of building "Government Buildings" modeled after European architecture, it is necessary to create mental images in the citizens through the accompaniment of intellectuals of that period in the form of "reports and travelogues". In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Evaluation of Functional Efficiency of Space in Architecture of Two-Sided Houses Built in the First Pahlavi of Shiraz(Case Study: Razmjoo and Mostaghni Houses)
Fatemeh Kakaei Tahereh Nasr Hadi Keshmiri Hamed MoztarzadehSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate func MoreSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Analysis of spatial distribution of citizenship security in Hormozgan province using prophetic technique.
laiia jalilian iman chaghajerdiAbsract Today, knowledge of the status of the security of the residents of a community has an effective role in identifying the challenges and strategies of developing a society and is a prerequisite for any social, economic, cultural and political development. The purp MoreAbsract Today, knowledge of the status of the security of the residents of a community has an effective role in identifying the challenges and strategies of developing a society and is a prerequisite for any social, economic, cultural and political development. The purpose of this study was to estimate and level the 13 cities of Hormozgan province regarding the sense of citizenship security , which is possible using 13 variables. In this research, Delphi technique was used to weigh the indices and to promote the technique of prophecy was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that Hormozgan Province with a net flow of 0.59484 obtained from the pro-tech technique has a relatively favorable status in terms of safety. Also according to the results, Bandar Abbas city with the net flow of 0.81645 at the best level and the city of Abu Musa with a value of 0.15258 were at the worst level of citizenship security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپهای مختلف پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) در محیط شور و غیرشور
سیده سمانه موسوی خورشیدی محمد علی رضایی حسین عباسپور -
Open Access Article
189 - ارزیابی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپهای مختلف پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) در محیطهای شور و غیرشور
سیدجلال میرقاسمی محمد علی رضایی سیده سمانه موسوی خورشیدی -
Open Access Article
190 - Phytochemical study and comparison of natural compounds in essential oil and extract of Epilobium hirsutum by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods
Fatemeh Sadat Tafrishi Mahboubeh TaherkhaniEpilobium belonging to the Onagraceae family has many medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-androgenic in traditional medicine. In this study, the aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum L.were collected a MoreEpilobium belonging to the Onagraceae family has many medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-androgenic in traditional medicine. In this study, the aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum L.were collected at the flowering stage from the heights of central Alborz, Mazandaran province, between Siah Bisheh and Zangoleh Bridge on July 19, 2017 and phytochemically studied for effective volatile compounds in essential oils and natural products in the extract. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using celvenger apparatus and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC-MS method. Based on the results, the main compounds in the essential oil were related to alpha-pinene with 21.65%, delta-cadinen (15.29%) and 1 -8-cineole (12.24%). Hydrocarbon terpenes had the highest concentration in the essential oil. The natural compound in E. hirsutum extract was purified by column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). As a result, a natural compound called epigallocatechin gallate was extracted and identified by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and DEPT spectrophotometric techniques and its molecular structure was determined. In addition, the plant extract was investigated for the presence of phytochemical content and the presence of flavonoids (Shinoda method), alkaloids (Mayer test), tannins (Ferric chloride method), saponins (Froth method) and glycosides (Keller-Kiliani test). The presence of flavonoids (red color), Alkaloids (yellow precipitate) saponins (foam layer), glycosides (bluish green layer) and tannins (dark green for Catechol tannin) in the extract was aproved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Factors Affecting Participation of Citizens in Urban Affairs and an Optimal Participatory Pattern (Case Study: Dare Shahr)
Hossein Yaghfori Ghobad Tahmasebi Davod HatamiExperiences in Iran and in the world have shown imperative, unilateral, top-down programs without intervention of the people (as the main beneficiaries of the programs) give no way. Instead of improving living condition and public satisfaction, such programs lead to the MoreExperiences in Iran and in the world have shown imperative, unilateral, top-down programs without intervention of the people (as the main beneficiaries of the programs) give no way. Instead of improving living condition and public satisfaction, such programs lead to their distrust and frustration towards the desired management of the urban affairs by urban managers. Thus considering such facts, it is necessary to seek help from participation strategies and at higher levels, from participation and empowerment of local communities and being involved non-governmental forces (citizens, private sector, landowners, etc.). Current research is applied in terms of purpose of the study and it is descriptive – analytical in terms of research method and data were collected through studies of the library documents and field studies. Data were analyzed using IBMSPSS version 20 and statistical measures such as Descriptive Statistics: Frequencies, Descriptive, Explore were used for calculating frequency, frequency percentage, cumulative frequency and means. In inferential statistics, data were analyzed using such tests as correlation, Chi-square and Wilcoxon. Finally considering subject of the thesis, some recommendations were given for promotion of public participation in Dare Shahr (in terms of 1. Support and assistance to municipalities, 2.­Participation in civic activities, 3.­Willingness to participate with municipalities, 4. Urban health and organizing nuisance classes and pollution of the city, 5.­Public Services and welfare, 6. Social, cultural and religious 7.landscaping and visual aesthetics and the city’s lighting). Results obtained from the questionnaire from 7 indices in Dare Shahr city as output of Chi-square test are reported. It should be noted that the obtained results were approved by Wilcoxon test. It shows that considering urban managers of Dare Shahr neglect toward public participation, but citizens of Dare Shahr have high willingness and capacity for participation in urban affairs and urban managers should provide necessary grounds for full scale participation of all public forces. Finally, optimal strategies for overcoming the problem were provided. Diagrams were also drawn in Microsoft Excel 2010. Statistical society included the whole population of Dare Shahr and sample size was estimated as 366 through Cochran formula. Then survey and questionnaire were used for collecting needed data from Dare Shahr people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Spatial analysis of urban hierarchy of Kermanshah period of time(1390-1375 )
Ali Shamaei Hasan Rahmati Tapeh Rasht Sharif Hajie Tash Naloos Neamat KordehThis study analyzes the spatial variations of urban hierarchy of Kermanshah province in the period of 1996-2011. This study aimed to explain the uneven distribution of population and social inequality-to reduce the economic disparities across the province. Analysi MoreThis study analyzes the spatial variations of urban hierarchy of Kermanshah province in the period of 1996-2011. This study aimed to explain the uneven distribution of population and social inequality-to reduce the economic disparities across the province. Analysis indicates that 29 cities of Kermanshah in 2011, with a population of about 851,405 people in the city of Kermanshah Province, 62.8% of the urban population ,approximately 16 times and 8times the second and third cities of the same province (Kangavar) population has the most unevenly distributed population. In fact, the lack of central cities in metropolitan networks in urban areas has created instability. This analytic method utilizing GIS, EXCEL, the rank-size model of a class difference, Entropy Coefficient and Lorenz Curve has been done. Results of the entire hierarchy of methods used in urban imbalance and instability tends to show instabilities. Based on a floor equal to 96.6 percent in 2011, more than 141 thousands of people in equations obtained from the following cities ranked as the cities of Kermanshah show much difference between the three periods and the line of normality. The entropy rate of 75 year /8to / 79 in 85 and in year 2011 ، /69 which indicates heterogeneity in the distribution of population was reached. The city of Kermanshah in terms of spatial distribution of population is the worst compared to other cities , so that, the first city ( Kermanshah ) has 216 times more population compared to the second city ( Kvzran ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The application of ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for wastewater treatment: A review
Mahdi Sanavi Fard Aref ShokriEver-increasing environmental pollutions and water scarcity are highly challenging issues that pose formidable obstacles to human beings on all fronts. Hetero-photocatalytic methods which utilized semiconductors as photocatalysts are highly promising and green technolog MoreEver-increasing environmental pollutions and water scarcity are highly challenging issues that pose formidable obstacles to human beings on all fronts. Hetero-photocatalytic methods which utilized semiconductors as photocatalysts are highly promising and green technologies for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants which cannot be completely removed by conventional treatment processes. In the view of the current scenario, zinc oxide nanostructures have been demonstrated to be predominant photocatalyst candidates for photodegradation because of their cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, strong oxidation capability, flexibility in synthesizing, earth-abundance nature, easy crystallization, and high performance in the absorption over an extensive fraction of solar spectrum in comparison with titanium dioxide. Nevertheless, bare zinc oxide possesses several intrinsic limitations, like high recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers, limited solar light application, photo corrosion, broad bandgap and limited visible light absorption. Moreover, photocatalysts separation from remediated solutions restricts their large-scale applications. In this review paper, the authors briefly discussed basic principles of the zinc oxide photocatalytic process besides various modifications such as coupling with low bandgap semiconductors like metal and non-metal doping, synthesizing with graphene oxide, or reduced graphene oxide and their integration in magnetic materials to successfully addressing aforesaid disconcerting challenges. Moreover, hybridized photocatalytic and membrane systems are explored. Finally, challenges and future research directions are proposed for giving profound and well-defined insights toward reaching fully exploited zinc oxide-based nanoparticles in the field of water and wastewater treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Ab initio (first principle) material modeling study on Lio adsorbed by palladium-cobalt (PdCo) nanoparticles
Mikail Aslan -
Open Access Article
195 - Barriers for Integrating Information Communications Technology into English for Specific Purposes: A Review of Current Studies
بهاره کشتی آراست Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei Roya Baharlooie -
Open Access Article
196 - Iranian EFL University Lecturers’ and Learners’ Attitude towards Using First Language as a Scaffolding Tool in Reading Comprehension
Zahra Imani Majid Farahian -
Open Access Article
197 - EFL Learners’ Writing Progress through Collocation Awareness-raising Approach: An analytic assessment
Elaheh Hamed Mahvelati -
Open Access Article
198 - Strategic leadership style and its impact on organizational performance with regard to the role of organizational innovation in the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Fars Province
mehdi mehdizadeh rostam SHOKUFE zare Peyman Piroozobjectives:The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of strategic leadership on improving organizational performance by considering the mediating role of organizational innovation in the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Fars Province.Materials a Moreobjectives:The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of strategic leadership on improving organizational performance by considering the mediating role of organizational innovation in the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Fars Province.Materials and Methods:This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of how to collect information.The statistical population of the study was 384 employees of the Martyrs and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Fars Province.Using Cochran's formula, 192 people were selected as a sample and stratified random sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire.The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire that used the questionnaire of organizational performance (Hosseini et al.), Organizational innovation (Amid et al.) And strategic leadership (Asghari et al).The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of five experts in this field and was finally approved by the supervisor.Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires.After collecting the questionnaires and determining the normality of the variables using SPSS and Lisrel software, Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the data and to examine the relationship between the variables.Results:The results showed that strategic leadership has a significant effect on improving organizational performance by considering the mediating role of organizational innovation in the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of Fars Province.Conclusion: Strategic leadership is achieved when planning for organizational innovation is one of the organizational principles of companies and that is when the improvement of organizational performance can be guaranteed in the long run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Investigating the situation of environmental education components in the text books of the first secondary school with emphasis on the statement of the second step of the revolution
Fatemeh Azizzadeh Mohsen Dehghani ghanatghestani Kolsum Nami Mahmood Sabbahizadeh -
Open Access Article
200 - position of Seyyed Hassan Taghizadeh In the historiography of Fereydoon Adamit
mohammadkazem matin Mohammadhasan RaznahanHassan Taghizade is a leader of Iran constitutional Revolution and also he is a political cultural and scientific person , he is so controversial and the most unknown political actor in Iran contemporary history. He was a person who had a lot of fan and also a lot of ag MoreHassan Taghizade is a leader of Iran constitutional Revolution and also he is a political cultural and scientific person , he is so controversial and the most unknown political actor in Iran contemporary history. He was a person who had a lot of fan and also a lot of against and both of these groups had their reasons and their opinions . Fereydoon Adamiyat was one of the person who had a lot of criticism and insult about him in his writings . He not only criticized Taghizade severally in his writings but also he criticized and insulted everyone who protected and complimented and made him the most important person in constitutional Revolution . As far as Iraj Afshar and Mojtaba Minavi to Mrs . Lambton and Niki Kedi. In this research we follow the investigations of Adamiyat's opinions about Taghizade and understand its reasons sif they're true or false. Printed sources in libraries, documents and magazines archives, books written by Admit and Taghizadeh , different Iranian and foreign articles and the parliament’s minutes of meeting have been used to conduct the present research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Impact of the Land System on the Rural Economy and the Life of the Farmers in Iran in Safavid Era (from Shah Abbas the First to the Fall of the Isfahan)
naser jadidi ahmad kamranifar sayedalireza nooryanThe subject of land, ownership, the land ownership system and the government policy and community engagement with government in Iranian history have been among the influential factors on the economic, social, and political changes. Safavid era due to the long-term susta MoreThe subject of land, ownership, the land ownership system and the government policy and community engagement with government in Iranian history have been among the influential factors on the economic, social, and political changes. Safavid era due to the long-term sustainability of the government includes many tips and experiences. This research seeks to explain the subject that in the Safavid era especially from the era of Shah Abbas the first, what model of the land system has been used in rural and Iranian agriculture? And does this affect the lives of villagers and on the other hand, how has it interacted with this part of society and government? The findings of this study indicate that, the Safavid regime’s framework for land ownership and harvest, in total, compared to taxes and duties dictated, had less benefits for farmers. Such conditions in the long run lead to the formation and expansion of the gap between farmers as the main part of the society and the government. This research has been conducted in a historical, descriptive analytic manner using library resources and since the issue of land management continues to be one of the most critical issues of Iranian society, this research by using historical experiences can present practical tips. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Political-economic strategies of Umayyads and their agents towards Iranians
Ahmad abasinia hasan shadpoor mohammad salimWith the domination of the Umayyad dynasty over the political system of Islam, many Islamic values such as; Equality, justice and human dignity were ignored. The policy of the Umayyad caliphs was based on the sovereignty of the Arab people and the humiliation of other s MoreWith the domination of the Umayyad dynasty over the political system of Islam, many Islamic values such as; Equality, justice and human dignity were ignored. The policy of the Umayyad caliphs was based on the sovereignty of the Arab people and the humiliation of other subordinate nations; In such a way that they did not treat other citizens of the Islamic Caliphate fairly, except for the Arabs, who knew all the social and economic advantages. This research intends to answer the question with descriptive-analytical method, what kind of economic policies did the Umayyad caliphs use in dealing with the Iranian people and what were the consequences? The research findings indicate that the economic policies of the Umayyads based on the implementation of the policy of economic sanctions, confiscation of property of Iranian dissidents, as well as the occupation of private lands and the collection of unfair taxes that imposed great economic pressure on Iranian citizens. Therefore, in response to legal inequality and the violent and boastful policies of the caliphate, the Shuabiyah movement was formed by the Iranian element and reacted differently to the wrong practices of the caliphs in various political, social and economic dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Muslims’ Narration of India (Case Study: the Story of Creation)
Mohsen Shahbakhti mostafa naseri rad Boshra delrish Javad SakhaOne of the topics posited in the early and middle Islamic centuries is the story of Adam’s descent in India. It can be possibly stated that the story of the first human being is a universal one. It has been dealt with by the Abrahamic religions ad it has also been MoreOne of the topics posited in the early and middle Islamic centuries is the story of Adam’s descent in India. It can be possibly stated that the story of the first human being is a universal one. It has been dealt with by the Abrahamic religions ad it has also been presented in the testaments and the holy Quran. Some believe that this story is unreal, imaginary and drawn on the other cultures and some others realize this commonality as a proof of its originality in the various cultures each of which has given it a vernacular form. There is a third group that approaches it through the lens of allegory and myth. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to specify and highlight the position of the Indian territory as the first land of the human beings as narrated by Muslims, especially the Iranian Muslim authors and analyze the actions and reactions of the Abrahamic religions and nations’ cultures over such world-inclusive subjects as the first human being and underline that such a story is not single-rooted and unidimensional and that various factors have played roles in its formation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The origins and contexts of Reza Shah's contractionary policy towards the nomads
Hedayat Seid Khani, Gholamhossein Zargarinejad sina forozeshAfter Reza Shah came to power, in a series of measures, he tried to limit the tribes and nomads and suppress their power in different ways; Among the policies that were used to suppress the tribes and nomads were the disarmament and forced resettlement of the tribes and MoreAfter Reza Shah came to power, in a series of measures, he tried to limit the tribes and nomads and suppress their power in different ways; Among the policies that were used to suppress the tribes and nomads were the disarmament and forced resettlement of the tribes and tribes. The problem of the present research is, what were the roots and grounds of Reza Shah's contractionary and restrictive policies towards the nomads, and were these measures done out of necessity or were they just vengeful revenge?The research method in this article will be historical (inductive) and the method of collecting information is document and library, which will be used to describe and analyze the material.The findings of this research show that factors such as: gaining power of some tribes after the constitutional events and asking for a share of power, the accumulation of weapons especially after the First World War in the hands of tribes and tribes and the resulting threats, provocations by foreign countries and border threats, Refusal of elots and nomads from paying taxes in the chaotic situation after the constitution and the desire and support of intellectuals and the press can be seen as the implementation of nomadic policies of the first Pahlavi government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Al-Boyu and the flourishing of the intellectual sciences of the Islamic world(By relying on the function of the Imams and the ministers of the Bowhi)
Elham Aghajari Mohsen Rahmati Jahanbakhsh SavaghebThe rulers of the Buyid the ruling dynasty of Iran Having overcome Baghdad, large sections From the realm of the Islamic world During the fourth and fifth centuries Hijri under the command. In the territory under the command of Bozhiayan, And with the support of the e MoreThe rulers of the Buyid the ruling dynasty of Iran Having overcome Baghdad, large sections From the realm of the Islamic world During the fourth and fifth centuries Hijri under the command. In the territory under the command of Bozhiayan, And with the support of the emirs and the ministers of this dynasty, the intellectual sciences, which include all kinds of wisdom, Principles and foreshadows of each of the four divine, natural, mathematical, Ethics and science of the word, he flourished and flourished. Other contemporary Shiite governments with al-Buwayh did not succeed as much as they did. This research is a descriptive-analytic method, while explaining the role Buyids in the growth of rational sciences, on how the emirs behaved and the ministers in this regard. The research findings indicate In the light of the Amirs, along with their ministers, used Greek and Syriac translations to attract scholars from the scientific achievements of Muslim scholars and scholarly scholars of Jews and Christians. Also, creating educational and research centers that have led to the emergence of talents, they have taken great strides in the development of intellectual sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Cultural consequences of housing policy in the lives of tribes and nomads of the first Pahlavi era
Hedayat Seid Khani, Gholamhossein Zargarinejad sina forozeshOne of the important policies of the first Pahlavi government (1304-1320 AD) regarding the tribes and nomads of Iran, was the policy of nomadic settlement or "boarding" them, although this policy was ultimately due to the resistance of tribes and nomads to forced settle MoreOne of the important policies of the first Pahlavi government (1304-1320 AD) regarding the tribes and nomads of Iran, was the policy of nomadic settlement or "boarding" them, although this policy was ultimately due to the resistance of tribes and nomads to forced settlement. And the lack of necessary infrastructure, with the fall of the first Pahlavi government failed; But it had a great impact on different aspects of tribal and nomadic life. The issue of the present study is the question of what cultural consequences have the anti-nomadic policies of the first Pahlavi in the form of forced settlement had on the lives of the tribes and nomads?The research method in this article is historical (inductive) and the method of collecting information, documents and libraries, which will be used to describe and analyze the material.The findings of this study indicate that the anti-nomadic policies of Reza Shah's government, including the policy of settlement, in addition to destroying and forgetting many cultural components of tribes and nomads, including handicrafts, created a culture of resistance among the people of the tribe. , Can be seen and followed in the folklore culture of nomadic people, especially local poems. Also, the government's efforts to improve the human characteristics of nomadic life, including literacy and the establishment of nomadic schools, although done, have been insufficient and have not been successful in encouraging nomads to settle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on the events of the first world war
Nasrollah PourMohammadi-e-amlashi Pourya EsmaeiliIn this research, the impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on theevents of the First World War is examined. with the onset of First World War in 1914/1332AH, with the formation of the interim government in Kermanshah and the support of theUnited Sta MoreIn this research, the impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on theevents of the First World War is examined. with the onset of First World War in 1914/1332AH, with the formation of the interim government in Kermanshah and the support of theUnited States from them and also the existence of Kurdish tribes in the early years of thewar, the Russian and British armies in western Iran were under pressure, this was due tothe fact that the Kurdish tribes curtailed them by familiarizing themselves with thehighways and mountainous areas, especially the Germans and the Ottoman forces. Thisarticle uses historical research method, based on the description and analysis of the variousaspects of the subject. The main findings indicate that this ancient area is due to certainclimatic conditions such as mountainous climate variation, the existence of tidal rivers,vast plains, ethnic diversity, and the Mesopotamian - Khorasan high way, has played asignificant role in the political transformations of World War I in western Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The Probability of Default on Payable Facilities of the First Micro Finance Bank in Herat Afghanistan
Mohammad Sadeq Mohammadi Mostafa KarimZadeh Mehdi BehnameThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the probability of banking facilities default by customers and to determine the main variables coefficient related to the probability of default. Finally, using logit regression, a model has been provided to MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the probability of banking facilities default by customers and to determine the main variables coefficient related to the probability of default. Finally, using logit regression, a model has been provided to increase the ability of the bank's managers to solve the problem of non-repayment of credit facilities on time. First, 7 variables that had a significant effect on customers' credit risk were identified and fitted to the significance level of 5% of the final model using LR statistics. The results showed that the variables of the borrower's monthly income, the borrower's relationship with the guarantor, the guarantor's guaranteed capital, the borrower's experience and job stability, the loan repayment period and the years of borrower's relationship with the bank, have adverse effect on credit risk and the variable loan amount has a direct effect on credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Aglance to the life and Pir Sharafsha’s Poetry
yosouf esmailzadeIt is no available an exat information of the Gilaki Dialect. The most Gilaki’s works have been written in the Mashrute era to present. The zeidi’s scientists have written Quran interpretations in Gilaki and Tabari languages in third and fourth of Hejra cent MoreIt is no available an exat information of the Gilaki Dialect. The most Gilaki’s works have been written in the Mashrute era to present. The zeidi’s scientists have written Quran interpretations in Gilaki and Tabari languages in third and fourth of Hejra centuries . These interpretations was common in prose at Dailami era. The most ancient Gilaki poets were at Alebuye age. A poet named Divarehvarz who has lived in the Majdoldouleh Deilami era. Pirsharafsha, Dulaee, Qasemanvar are the poets who have composed poems in Gilaki dialects. Pir Sharafsha dolaee lived in 9th century of Hejrah in Gilan. His poetry includes 821 couplets in Gilaki dialect. There is no information on his life. His Divan was edited 2 times. His poems is mixed with gnostic concepts and words and lyric. The advenyure of Pirsharafsha love to Khori – the Amireh Sasangakeri’s sister is famous among people. In this article, the summary of the literature of Gilaki background is presented the poet’s biography is introduced. In othrer section the cncepts and the poet’s thoughts in 29 categories are stated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Investigating the Impact of Competition in the Product Market Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the Efficiency of Investing in Human Resources in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamid Reza Mohammadi Atefeh AbbasiNowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and effici MoreNowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and efficiency of all organizational processes The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of competition in the product market using Herfindahl-Hirschman index on the efficiency of investment in human resources in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research data has been prepared using the library-documentation method and the statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1393 to 1398. Sampling was done by systematic elimination method and 124 companies were selected as a sample. This research is random, correlation and post-event. Multivariate regression technique using panel data method has been used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between competition in the product market using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the efficiency of investment in human resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Analysis and Assessment of the the performance of the Committee on Disarmament and International Security of the United Nations General Assembly in the Area of International Information Security: Case study of " Government Experts"
nasrollah soltani Mohammad Ali Kafaeifar Mohammad Reza HosseinyLess than a century has passed since the emergence of the new generation of international organizations. But in this relatively short period, these institutions have, more or les,s proved their necessity in all fields and arenas of international relations. Undoubtedly, MoreLess than a century has passed since the emergence of the new generation of international organizations. But in this relatively short period, these institutions have, more or les,s proved their necessity in all fields and arenas of international relations. Undoubtedly, the significant growth of the International Law has happened owing to the existence and nature of international organizations, of which the cyber field is one of the latest. The reports of the government experts, the resolutions of the First Committee and the analysis of the content of the documents aim to produce knowledge and expert understanding of the subject. The approach of this research is inductive. It falls under documentary research category and is based on evidence taken from the study of the documents of the United Nations. The findings of the research confirm that the evasion of responsibility of the actors in this arena, the weakness of the evidence and the inadequacy of the existing rules for finding crimes and the attribution of crime as well as the difficulty of forming legal responsibility in this arena constitute the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of UN rule-making processes including its government experts for creating security in the cyber space. The result is the increased trend of insecurity in this space. On the other hand, the visible and hidden competitions of the big cyber powers and their influence in the various organs of the United Nations have prevented this organization from achieving much success in its global mission to systematize the cyber space. Meanwhile, the negative role and performance of the United States government and the lack of real attempts on the parts of the international community are of the outstanding factors of the ineffectiveness of this organization in facing the issues and problems of the cyber space Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Divergences and Convergences in Normalization and Codification of Soft Cyber Law: A Case Study of the Proposed Resolution by the Russian Federation (1998-2021)
nasrollah soltani Mohammad Ali Kafaei Far Mohammad Reza HoseinyThe development of international cyber law has always been accompanied by difficulties. Although security and fighting crimes arising from this space require collective efforts of governments, and the indivisibility of security in this space is one of its most important MoreThe development of international cyber law has always been accompanied by difficulties. Although security and fighting crimes arising from this space require collective efforts of governments, and the indivisibility of security in this space is one of its most important features but, little progress has been made to regularize the cyberspace. The center of gravity and the focal point of international activities to systematize activities in the cyber field is the United Nations. In the meantime, the resolution proposed by the Russian Federation to the First Committee of the General Assembly has been one of the most important efforts to regularize this space in the last two decades which, indeed, is subject of the present article. In this resolution, the role of science and technology in the context of international security and the dual military and civilian use of cyber space are stipulated. The normative approach of this resolution and the legal performance of the main actors towards this resolution is the opinion of the article. This article is considered to be exploratory-developmental in terms of its central goal, which aims at producing and developing knowledge by examining the subject and analyzing the content of all resolutions and monitoring the process of these documents. The approach followed by this research is inductive. In terms of methodology, this research follows the documentary and evidence-based research methodology based on the documents of the United Nations. The findings of this research confirm that the dominance of the company-centric approach instead of the governance-centric approach to the cyberspace on the one hand and the minimalist outlook of the big cyber powers to the role of the United Nations to regularize the cyber space as well as the lack of effective role of the UN are among the main reasons for the functional weakness of the United Nations to regularize the cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Investigation of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (as) in the Holy Quran "From the perspective of the divine test” , Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and hadiths
mahmood khooran Ali Mohammadi AshnaniThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool MoreThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool to cast doubt on the caliphate. (AS) have placed.The omission of the name is based on various causes and materials; One of the reasons that has not been studied scientifically so far is the tradition of the divine test in the caliphate of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Leading researcher, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on verses, narrations and historical evidence, has studied the behavior of groups involved in the test of knowing and following the divine leader in contemporary prophetic society and The irreplaceable role of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (AS) in revealing the inner menus of individuals and the optimal realization of this important test is reflected Also, assuming the name is mentioned, there are potentially more dangerous consequences Meanwhile, in the introduction, the meaning of some narrations claiming to mention the name, its expression and its suspicion have been removed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Historical transformation on why and how to recognize the first lost hadith sources
mohammad sharifani mohammad marefatAbstract From the perspective of the predecessors, one of the most basic criteria for the validation of hadith was the criteria of source knowledge and simply referring to the books of Rajali, which caused the abandonment of many hadith sources. Looking for historical c MoreAbstract From the perspective of the predecessors, one of the most basic criteria for the validation of hadith was the criteria of source knowledge and simply referring to the books of Rajali, which caused the abandonment of many hadith sources. Looking for historical change, we are looking for new methods and clues to identify authentic hadith sources. The most important benefits of recognizing the first sources of hadiths can be the identification of books trusted by the old narrators, the general review of narrations and the book of a narrator, the identification of different versions and the resolution of conflicting narrations. Paying attention to the document of transmission of the first sources in religious sources, repeating the chain of documents leading to the author of the book in hadith sources, and matching the topic of narrations with the title of the author's book are among the methods of identifying the collection of hadith from written sources. Etymological analyses, minimizing speculations, avoiding conjectures and weak probabilities, and explaining how to identify lost hadith sources with the help of providing seven clues to prove the existence of a book as a written source, are among the most important findings and achievements of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Effect of components of acceptance and trust on graduate students' use of proposal registration and researh affairs through intention in Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz
Hadis Kazemi Barreh Bi Chast Faraiba Nazarithis research is to investigate the effect of acceptance and trust components through the intention of using postgraduate students' behavior from the Proposals registration system and research affairs of Islamic Azad University. The present research is a descriptive-sur Morethis research is to investigate the effect of acceptance and trust components through the intention of using postgraduate students' behavior from the Proposals registration system and research affairs of Islamic Azad University. The present research is a descriptive-survey method in terms of its purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes all graduate students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. Of these, 384 people were using stratified sampling and responded to the researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and PLS software. Seven hypotheses were investigated in this study. The results indicated that seven hypotheses were examined and approved. The intention to use technology had the highest percentage of impact among assumptions. After that, in the order of trust, the behavior of using technology and trust on the behavior of use had the most impact. The intention was to use the least percentage of impact on behavior. The Z value was 3.32 and 3.16, respectively, to influence the acceptance of technology and trust in the use behavior, considering the role of mediation intent to use. Based on the results of the data, it can be concluded that the acceptance and trust components are effective on the students' behavior in applying the application registration system and research affairs of the university and intend to increase this effect. At the end, practical suggestions were submitted to the directors and relevant authorities in conjunction with assumptions and future research was presented to the researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - ranking the factors that determine the neccesity of electronic citizen in the curriculum of the first high school
maryam fotouhinia kambiz poushaneh ali akbar khosravi babadiAbstract The purpose of the research was the ranking of the effective factors on the studying of the electronic citizen in educational method ,The research method is applied and for the research method, it is a descriptive survey. In this research, all professors of the MoreAbstract The purpose of the research was the ranking of the effective factors on the studying of the electronic citizen in educational method ,The research method is applied and for the research method, it is a descriptive survey. In this research, all professors of the seminary and the university in the field of educational sciences from the statistical community are studied. According to the method performed, the minimum sample is 5 people and the maximum sample is 10 people, of which 10 people were selected. In this study, the data collection tool is the AHP questionnaire created by the researcher and interviewed by experts. The results of this study show that the factor of inventive and critical thinking in the first rank and then the factor of productivity in the second rank and the factor of digital literacy in the third rank and the quality factor of the educational system in the fourth rank and the factor of effective communication in the fifth rank of importance. The most important role is played by the educational institution in educating people, especially the education of useful citizens. By training an electronic citizen, you can prevent many costs, waste of energy and opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Teaching Reading through "Letter – Syllable –Word" Method Using Multimedia in Comparison with the Conventional Method (Using Board and Tablet)
Hoseyn Mehdizadeh Farokh Feyzi Maryam EslampanahReading is one of the most important basic skills for the growth of children’s intrinsic abilities which was taken into consideration by many researchers. Inability in reading usually brings about many problems in learning for students. This paper reports the resu MoreReading is one of the most important basic skills for the growth of children’s intrinsic abilities which was taken into consideration by many researchers. Inability in reading usually brings about many problems in learning for students. This paper reports the result of a two-groups with pre-test and post-test semi-experimental design which was done in elementary schools of Mahidasht region of Kermanshah province in the academic year 2009-2010. Its objective was to determine the degree of the effect of teaching reading through the method of “Letter-Syllable-Word” using digital multimedia in comparison with the conventional method (using board and tablet). In this project which was done on 54 students, first the pre-test measure of reading ability was performed for both groups, and then reading Persian language was taught to the experimental group using multimedia in 16 sessions of 45 minutes. During this time the control group used board and tablet. At the end of teaching, post-test measure of reading ability and measurement of vocabulary were performed. The findings resulted from independent t test and analysis of Co-Variance indicated that teaching with the use of multimedia in comparison with the current method, was more impressive on the reading ability performance of students in three components of accurate-reading, reading- speed and vocabulary- reservoir. It can be concluded that teaching with the use of such multimedia, especially in high-populated classes, and in case of creating the necessary facilities in rural schools in which teachers have less opportunity for individual teaching of weaker individuals, can be an effective help in teaching reading skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Antioxidant Effect optimization of ethanol extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT)
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا BeyzaeiVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their MoreVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their toxicity and carcinogenic probability. This study aims to optimize the oxidant performance of an ethanolic extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and compare it with synthetic antioxidants (BHT). In this study, Cirsium vulgare extract was extracted under the influence of concentration (100-300 ppm), duration hours and temperatures . After performing different experiments on the extraction of the best extraction conditions, the best extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology and extraction in optimum conditions. Data analysis was carried out. The results of the optimization process showed that the oxidative stability of oil showed that; time 24.0 min and concentration 100/01temperature 44/745 were determined. Results showed that the optimum sample of Cirsium vulgare in the stability of soybean oil during storage time was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (BHT), due to higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant present in the optimized sample of Cirsium vulgare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Analysis of the impact of Donald Trump's policies on USA soft power
Khosrow Dehghani محمد علی بصیری Enayatollah YazdaniAnalysis of the impact of Donald Trump's policies on USA soft power Abstractkhosrow Dehghani Mohammad Ali Basiri Anayat Allah Yazdani AbstractSoft power is one of the most important and effective factors in foreign policy of countries. This article attempts to examine t MoreAnalysis of the impact of Donald Trump's policies on USA soft power Abstractkhosrow Dehghani Mohammad Ali Basiri Anayat Allah Yazdani AbstractSoft power is one of the most important and effective factors in foreign policy of countries. This article attempts to examine the impact of Donald Tramp's policies on American soft power. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the domestic and foreign policies of Trump which have had effects on the soft power of the United States? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that announcements and acts policies of Trump, in particular with the emphasis on the "First America", has led to the decline of American soft power.. Findings of the research, based on existing evidence and evidence, suggest that an economically oriented approach focused on cost-benefit logic, the adoption of intrinsic policies and renewal or the withdrawal of regional and international treaties has led to US soft power resources, including foreign policy And political values. The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive and is used for analyzing soft power theory and the data collection tool has been based on library and internet resources Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The impacts of Donald Trump's policies on the fulfillment of the American Dream in international system
Mohammadreza Asl Javadian Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin Seyed Ali Tabatabaei PanahSince Donald Trump took office as US president, the American foreign policy experienced a new era and the discourse approach chosen by the US government, according to some pundits, challenged the foundations and structures the US foreign policy had built as a hegemon in MoreSince Donald Trump took office as US president, the American foreign policy experienced a new era and the discourse approach chosen by the US government, according to some pundits, challenged the foundations and structures the US foreign policy had built as a hegemon in the world. This paper tries to explain the repercussions of the Trump administration's measures on the "American Dream" at the global level through an explanatory formative method. The question of the paper focuses on the impacts of Donald Trump's policies on the fulfillment of the "American Dream" in international system. It is hypothesized that by disregarding the multi-polar order which governs the international relations and also the US withdrawal from international treaties and obligations, the "American Dream" is weekend and has diminished US position in the international system. The results show the Trump administration in the dimensions of multilateralism include; Abandoning international law and establishing unilateralism, NAFTA reform, withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, Trans-Pacific Partnership, and JCPA, review of coalitions, alliances and military commitments, disregard for liberal economic values, review of security commitments India and the Pacific, etc., undermined the American dream. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - ارزیابی کتاب های انگلیسی کودکان فرست فرندز: تمرکز بر نوع فعالیتها
فهیمه طالبیاناین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی کتابهای فرست فرندز در موسسات انگلیسی زبان در ایران انجام شد. این پژوهش بر بررسی انواع تکالیف و فراوانی آنها و نیز بررسی وجود تفاوت معنادار در فراوانی انواع تکالیف در کتب مذکور متمرکز بوده است. بر این اساس، تکالیف مختلفی با استفاده از چارچوب نو Moreاین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی کتابهای فرست فرندز در موسسات انگلیسی زبان در ایران انجام شد. این پژوهش بر بررسی انواع تکالیف و فراوانی آنها و نیز بررسی وجود تفاوت معنادار در فراوانی انواع تکالیف در کتب مذکور متمرکز بوده است. بر این اساس، تکالیف مختلفی با استفاده از چارچوب نونان در کتابهای درسی انتخاب شده استخراج و طبقهبندی شد. فراوانی و درصد هر تکلیف نیز محاسبه شد و تفاوت های معنی داری در فراوانی انواع کارها در این کتاب ها مشخص شد. بر اساس درصد فراوانی، مشخص شد که تکالیف خلاقانه به طور مشخص ناکافی است. همچنین تفاوت معنی داری در بروز انواع تکالیف در کتاب های فرست فرندز وجود نداشت. با این وجود، در این مقاله بحث شده است که باید در مواد ELT که در چنین زمینههای یادگیری استفاده میشود، بهبودهایی صورت گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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222 - Hydrothermally synthesized nanocrystalline Nb2O5 and its visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of congo red and methylene blue
Subhash Dharmraj Khairnar Manohar Rajendra Patil Vinod Shankar Shrivastava -
Open Access Article
223 - عملکرد تولیدمثلی بزهای نژاد ابرگل پرورش یافته در سیستم مدیریت سنتی منطقه سکوتا در اتیوپی
بی. دریب ام. تایمطالعه­ای جهت ارزیابی عملکرد تولیدمثلی بز نژاد ابرگل در منطقه سکوتا در ایالت ملی-منطقه­ای آمهارا صورت گرفت. گله­های عضو دو اتحادیه روستایی به مدت دو سال جهت جمع­آوری داده­ها مورد بررسی و نظارت قرار گرفتند. داده­های جمع­آوری شده شامل شماره شنا Moreمطالعه­ای جهت ارزیابی عملکرد تولیدمثلی بز نژاد ابرگل در منطقه سکوتا در ایالت ملی-منطقه­ای آمهارا صورت گرفت. گله­های عضو دو اتحادیه روستایی به مدت دو سال جهت جمع­آوری داده­ها مورد بررسی و نظارت قرار گرفتند. داده­های جمع­آوری شده شامل شماره شناسایی بز ماده و بزغاله، تاریخ زایش یا تولد، وزن تولد بزغاله، جنس بزغاله، وزن مادر پس از زایش، تعداد همزادان و شکم زایش مادر بود. تجزیه داده­ها با استفاده از رویه مدل خطی عمومی سیستم تجزیه آماری انجام شد. میانگین حداقل مربعات کلی تعداد همزادان و نرخ زایش سالیانه به ترتیب 04/1 و 45/1 بود. شکم زایش، فصل زایش و وزن مادر پس از زایش بر تعداد همزادان اثر داشت (01/0>P)، به طوریکه شکم زایش پنجم، فصل خشک زایش و مادران سنگین دارای بیشترین تعداد همزادان بودند. نرخ زایش سالیانه به وسیله نوع تولد و فصل تولد تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت (001/0>P). مادرانی که دوقلوزا بوده و در فصل خشک و مرطوب زایش نمودند دارای همزادان بزرگتری بودند. میانگین حداقل مربعات کلی سن در هنگام اولین زایش و فاصله بین دو زایش به ترتیب 448 و 290 روز بود. سن در زمان اولین زایش به وسیله اثرات ثابت مدنظر تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت. فاصله بین دو زایش به وسیله فصل زایش قبلی تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت. مادرانی که در فصل مرطوب زایش بودند در مقایسه با مادران زایش نموده در فصل خنک دارای فاصله بین دو زایش کوتاهتری بودند. وزن پس از زایش قبلی مادران بر فاصله بین دو زایش بزهای ابرگل اثر داشت (01/0>P) و مادران سبک وزن دارای فاصله بین دو زایش طولانی­تری نسبت به مادران متوسط یا سنگین وزن بودند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که تعداد همزادان در مقایسه با سایر نژادهای مناطق گرمسیری خیلی کم بودند. اثر شکم زایش می­تواند به وسیله بهبود سطح مدیریتی خنثی شود. به طور کلی، بهبود سطح کلی مدیریت و روش­های پرورشی بزها عملکرد تولیدمثلی و تولیدی این نژاد بز را بهبود خواهد داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - خصوصیات سیستم های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و میزان مشارکت اقتصادی آنها در مناطق کوهستانی اتیوپی
و. تسگا ب. تمیر ج. آبب ک. زارالیساین مطالعه به منظور توصیف سیستم­های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و اهمیت اقتصادی آنها در شهرهایDebre Berhan و Dessie و حومه آنها در اتیوپی آغاز شد. این مطالعه بر پایه مذاکرات گروهی، طراحی پرسشنامه و مشاهدات شخصی انجام گرفت. در هر دو منطقه اکثریت پرورش­دهندگان گوسف Moreاین مطالعه به منظور توصیف سیستم­های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و اهمیت اقتصادی آنها در شهرهایDebre Berhan و Dessie و حومه آنها در اتیوپی آغاز شد. این مطالعه بر پایه مذاکرات گروهی، طراحی پرسشنامه و مشاهدات شخصی انجام گرفت. در هر دو منطقه اکثریت پرورش­دهندگان گوسفند، مردان سرپرستان خانوار هستند که غالباً این افراد در نواحی شهری، تجار و در حومه شهرها، کشاورز می­باشند. متوسط اندازه خانواده در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan (4/5) بیشتر از حومه Dessie (8/4) بود. در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan، 3/39 درصد دارای اندازه زمین تملیکی بین 1 تا 2 هکتار بودند و در نواحی حومه Dessie 4/48 درصد از پاسخ­ دهندگان دارای اندازه زمین تملیکی کمتر از 5/0 هکتار بودند. تعداد جمعیت گوسفند و سایر حیوانات مزرعه­ای در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan بیشتر از حومه Dessie بود. به استثنای دانه­های خشک شده صنایع تخمیری تمامی انواع دیگر خوراک مورد استفاده برای پرورش گوسفند مشابه بودند ولی قابلیت دسترسی در میان نواحی مورد مطالعه متفاوت بود. در هر دو منطقه شهری و حومه شهرها عمدهی انواع خوراک در دسترس شامل مراتع طبیعی جهت چرا، علوفه خشک، بقایای گیاهان زراعی، سبوس گندم و کیک دانه­های روغنی، فرآورده­های جانبی حاصل از صنایع تخمیری محلی و فرآوری دانه­های بقولات بودند. پرورش گوسفند اولین منبع درآمد در منطقه Dessie و دومین منبع درآمد در منطقه Debre Berhan می­باشد. پرورش گوسفند در مناطق شهری و حومه شهرها به دلیل محسوب شدن به عنوان منبع درآمد و غذا برای افراد خانه­دار دارای مزایای اقتصادی است. هزینه بالای خوراک، عدم وجود نژادهای اصلاح شده و سرمایه و کمبود نیروی کار به عنوان محدودیت­های عمده به حساب می­آیند. شرایط مساعد آب و هوایی، قیمت مناسب بازار و قابلیت دسترسی به خوراک­های مکمل در مناطق شهری به عنوان عوامل سودمند در زمینه پرورش گوسفند محسوب می­شوند. اگرچه محدودیت­هایی برای پرورش گوسفند وجود دارند، ولی باید از فرصت­های موجود در زمینه پرورش گوسفند استفاده شود. انجام بسته­بندی مناسب و علمی مواد خوراکی از منابع خوراک محلی و در دسترس ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Reproductive Performance of Friesian-Holstein Cows at Sebele Research Station in South Eastern Botswana
اُ.ر. مادیبلا و. ماهابیل -
Open Access Article
226 - Content analysis of Persian Books in the First Secondary School Based on the Level of Attention to the Components of Moral Education
Mansour NikpanahThe current research was carried out with the aim of investigating and analyzing the level of attention paid to the components of moral education in Persian texts of the first secondary school. The research method is categorical content analysis and the unit of analysis MoreThe current research was carried out with the aim of investigating and analyzing the level of attention paid to the components of moral education in Persian texts of the first secondary school. The research method is categorical content analysis and the unit of analysis includes text, poems, and images. The statistical population of this research is the Persian books of first to third grade schools in 1399-1400 and the research approach is practical. The tool for collecting information is a checklist. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics indicators of frequency and percentage have been used. The main results of the research showed that in the Persian books of the seventh grade, the most expressions belong, respectively, to the components of nature and love and affection, and the components of patience and tolerance and condemnation of whims and sensual desires have the least appearance. In the eighth and ninth grades, respectively, the components of naturalism and patriotism showed the most. Also, in the 8th grade, the components of patience and tolerance and contentment and in the 9th grade, contentment and condemnation of sensual whims and desires have the least expression. The question that we seek to answer in this research is, "How much coverage do moral components include in the content of the intended texts?" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The moral teachings of Hatam Assam, Sufi of the first period
manijeh pournematThe first patriarch Sufis such as Hatam Assam were real pious. Their complete cognizance about sin and the fear of God cause them to run away from the world and to be succumbed to God. This fear of God and disappointment of the people lead to an intensive piety. It can MoreThe first patriarch Sufis such as Hatam Assam were real pious. Their complete cognizance about sin and the fear of God cause them to run away from the world and to be succumbed to God. This fear of God and disappointment of the people lead to an intensive piety. It can be said that the first Sufis were pious rather than Gnostic. Abou Abdorahman Hatam ebne Onvan well known as Hatam Assam (273 A.H/ 851 A.D.) was one of the Sufis of the first period (150-250 A.H.) which has been living at the same time with Motasem, the eighth Abbasi khalife. He was the student of Abu Ali Shaghigh Balkhi and Ahmad Khezruye.Here, using old references, thought and speeches of Hatam Assam are investigated to illustrate how the Sufis have trained their students, governors and the people. These speeches and anecdotes can be a document of the Mysticism history and the moral teachings of the first period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - To teach the pattern of state in Kelile Va Demne and Saadi's Golestan
asiyeh zabih Omran somayeh SangakiThe authors of Kelile Va Demne and Golestan have emphasized on government and the need of political states. In both works, civil manners, governments, its methods and ways have between considered. Regarding moral standards and principles like justice public care about p MoreThe authors of Kelile Va Demne and Golestan have emphasized on government and the need of political states. In both works, civil manners, governments, its methods and ways have between considered. Regarding moral standards and principles like justice public care about peasants etc, has a close relation with Kings' personal manners and this is even evident in Iran's historical resources. Kelile Va Demne and Golestan have played an important role in this context. Saa'di has allocated a chapter (Bab) to Kings; nature and pointed out some important issues. In Kelile Va Demne these issues have been repeated in another way and through animals' language. The authors of these two books seek a solution for people's problems and repelling oppression, corruption and destruction. Both have know cruel governments as unjust and introduced suitable patterns are followed and achieved, people's prosperity in this world and futurity will be met. In authors' opinion, every act of King, government elements and profession owners will be effective and suitable provided that it is not neglecting God but just for his satisfaction and people's compassion. Both writers have a symbolic attitude toward achieving the best governmental pattern and have relied on religious training to show its exact characteristics. They have also emphasized on care for religion and world affairs. Both have regarded justice and public care as the basis of pious government. This article is aimed to explain just governmental manners regarding justice in Kelile Va Demne and Golestan. Research findings are presented descriptively and analytically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Non-Blocking Routers Design Based on West First Routing Algorithm & MZI Switches for Photonic NoC
Masoume Seifolahi Elham Yaghoubi -
Open Access Article
230 - Electronic Resources Validation on the Web Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Mohanna Farzin Zahra Jahanbin -
Open Access Article
231 - Study of the Agricultural Landscape Evolution in Mazandaran Province in the First Pahlavi Era
Mehrdad Divsalar Mohammad Taqi Rahnamaei Mohammad Husain Farajiha Mohammad MahmodpourThe cultural landscape of the people of Mazandaran, which in the period under study, the first Pahlavi Era (1925-1941), included a limited geography of the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan today from the western extremity of Ramsar to the eastern extremity of Marave MoreThe cultural landscape of the people of Mazandaran, which in the period under study, the first Pahlavi Era (1925-1941), included a limited geography of the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan today from the western extremity of Ramsar to the eastern extremity of Maraveh Tappeh ;were scattered throughout history due to the diversity of climatic conditions and natural geography in the three geographical units of plain, Foothills and mountainous regions and based on the agricultural-livestock economics. Before the first Pahlavi, the geographical Landscape of the Mazandaran settlements was a stationary situation, but with the special policies of the first Pahlavi in the direction of modernization of Iran, there was a tremendous development in Mazandaran geographic Landscape. The present study aims to investigate the changes and evolutions in the Mazandaran agriculture geography in the first Pahlavi era from the viewpoint of the Landscape school. The landscape model examines nature changes in historical periods in a specific geography based on the applied policies. Due to the policy of modernization, many corrective programs were implemented in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province. Mazandaran agricultural landscapes were changed by the first Pahlavi activities in order to mechanize Mazandaran agriculture and commercialization and industrialization of agricultural products. The modern state added a lot of land to the total agricultural land of Mazandaran by conquering nature and dominating it by drying the marshes and drainage, building a dam and bridge, and inhibiting the outbreak of water and dominating the water resources. As a result, the open field landscape, which until then was only the Mazandaran agricultural landscape, expanded vastly. New lands were also allocated in plain and foothill areas on plains and hills to cultivate new crops and to create orchard and hill Landscapes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Determination of Urban Hierarchy and Frist Urban Phenomenon in Khuzestan Province
مسعود صفایی پور نادیا داری پور زهرا سیاحیThis paper aims to analyze the development trend of urban hierarchy in Khuzestan province over past 60 years (1951-2011), identify causal relations and determine the degree of variation in urbanization and possible spatial discrepancy existing among the cities of the pr MoreThis paper aims to analyze the development trend of urban hierarchy in Khuzestan province over past 60 years (1951-2011), identify causal relations and determine the degree of variation in urbanization and possible spatial discrepancy existing among the cities of the province. Using analytical- descriptive method as well as such models as first urban index, neighbor, entropy and class difference, it also examines, as case study, the influential factors on Khuzestan's urban network system. The results show that the urban network of the province has been undergone severe changes in term of first urban index over different periods of time, meaning that it has an unbalanced urban hierarchy and Ahvaz represents first city amongst other ones in the province. Also, the Khuzestan province is skewed at balance of 1.66 in term of nearest neighbor index. The entropy coefficient is less than 1 at most of the study periods, representing more localization or unbalanced population distribution among the province's cities. With regard to class difference model, the population distribution at the cities has been of disruption and disparity over study period of time. It is due to political, administrative and economical centralization of Ahvaz and to soil fertility and antiquity of Dezful city that have attracted the majority of the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - GAME RESERVE1 AND GAME WARDENSHIP2, THE GEOGRAPHICAL PHENOMENON OF MAN’S ENVIRONMENTAL CO-EXISTENCE IN ANZALI WET LAND (Case study: Jirsar Bagherkhales Game Reserve)
Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin Hassan DadrasAs regards the geographical conditions of Anzali wet land and its grasslands, which increases in area in warm seasons due to the lagoon’s regression, it becomes capable of feeding animals of the neighboring villages, being far enough from mountainous area, for abo MoreAs regards the geographical conditions of Anzali wet land and its grasslands, which increases in area in warm seasons due to the lagoon’s regression, it becomes capable of feeding animals of the neighboring villages, being far enough from mountainous area, for about 5-6 months specially in Spring and Summer, when the farmers are busy with planting and harvesting in their rice pads. The feeding of animals in natural pastures plays an important role in managing the agricultural and animal feeding activities. With the lagoon’s regression, occurring in springs and summers, the profound and rich plant cover of the region is used until the mid autumn. The stockman farmers hand their animals over to wardens. During the period, the animals are being fed and fit and fat with notorious and tasty grass around the wet land. Preventing the alteration of natural pastures into rice farms and reviving and activating the game reserves and game reserve keeping in the environmental conservation, range management and animal breeding may play an important part as a secondary activity along with the agricultural ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Explanation of pollution underground water, to result of unsuit industry installation, using GIS and IRS, “Case study: Zanjan province”
esmaeil nasiriIn recent year, ecological problem of industry town is on of the important subject in different area of Iran. Because this location case pollution underground water. In this article have tray with using remote sensing and geography information system(GIS) and with integ MoreIn recent year, ecological problem of industry town is on of the important subject in different area of Iran. Because this location case pollution underground water. In this article have tray with using remote sensing and geography information system(GIS) and with integrate method the position industry town of zanjan province analyzed. First with using of geology, topography maps, aerial photo, deposit maps and with regard to pizometry information, underground water map have designed and position of town industry relative to underground water in GIS software have intergraded. The results showed that: all unit industry in zanjan province are upend under ground water that product over 4088 M.M waste water. With regard absorb soil and speed , movement a great wastewater without enter into environment and create pollution in under ground water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Investigation of Individual and Social Outcomes of Infertility on Couples in Masjed Soleyman
mahmoud yaghoubi doustThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the social and individual consequences of infertile couples in Masjed Soleiman. The research method, the survey method and the statistical population of the present study included infertile couples referring to Ma MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the social and individual consequences of infertile couples in Masjed Soleiman. The research method, the survey method and the statistical population of the present study included infertile couples referring to Masjed-e Soleiman Medical Centers, which were selected using Cochran sampling of 109 couples. The researcher-made questionnaire and the standard questionnaire (BAK depression test) were used to measure the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by statistical, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, Chi square, F, and variance analysis and SPSS software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between couples' infertility and their willingness to divorce and job problems. But the results of the findings did not show the relationship between couples infertility with the variables of interactions and social relationships, depression, and duration of marital survival. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between couples' infertility and their willingness to divorce and job problems. But the results of the findings did not show the relationship between couples infertility with the variables of interactions and social relationships, depression, and duration of marital survival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Design and Explain the Performance Management Model of the Employees of the Country's Tax Affairs Organization
afshin hashemi Dariush Gholamzadeh ahmad vedadiThe purpose of this research was to design and explain the performance management model of the employees of the country's tax affairs organization. This present research was conducted in a qualitative (systematic review and theme analysis) and quantitative (structural e MoreThe purpose of this research was to design and explain the performance management model of the employees of the country's tax affairs organization. This present research was conducted in a qualitative (systematic review and theme analysis) and quantitative (structural equations) in terms of its purpose and developmental nature . The statistical population of the qualitative section included people with opinions related to the country's tax affairs organization, including high-ranking employees of the country's tax affairs organization with competency indicators. 12 people were selected as a sample by purposeful and snowball method and at the limit of theoretical saturation.in quantitative part ; 360 employees of the tax affairs organization of Tehran were selected as samples . in the qualitative part of tesis ;a semi-structured interview was used، in the quantitative part; a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Based on the results of a model and framework for managing the performance of employees of the country's tax affairs organization in the form of three dimensions, the basic requirements of employee management, which included the elements of individual factors, general competence and individual competence, the dimension of the background and context of the management of the organization's employees, which includes elements such as organizational values, goals and It has organizational strategies and professional performance standards, and finally, the dimension of organizational growth and development of employee management, which includes the factors of guidance and supervision, performance development, training, monitoring and observation, strengthening motivation and attraction, recruitment and adjustment, with a total of 101 components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Designing an Integrated Communication Model of Social Marketing in the Country's Tax Affairs Organization
Seyed akbar Manjegani Amir Ghafourian Shagerdi Golnar Shojaei BaghiniThe main goal of this research is to present the integrated social marketing communication model of the country's tax affairs organization. The current research is a qualitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method, using content anal MoreThe main goal of this research is to present the integrated social marketing communication model of the country's tax affairs organization. The current research is a qualitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method, using content analysis strategy, which aims to discover and identify variables, their relationships and the quality of social marketing integrated communication issues in the country's tax organization. The statistical population of the research is tax experts, trade unions, and social affairs, who were selected by non-probability and snowball sampling method, a total of 12 people until the theoretical adequacy of the data was reached. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, the method of reviewing and checking the opinion of the participants was used. Interview analysis and coding were also used to analyze the data. The results showed that the criteria of integrated social marketing communication in the country's tax affairs organization include social capital (reduction of tax evasion, social trust, reduction of unemployment rate), social responsibility (economic needs, compliance with laws, business ethics, humanitarian responsibilities), value functional (service quality, service delivery, standards, order in service), promotional marketing mix (public relations, direct marketing, personal selling, non-verbal advertising), people's resources (cooperation, motivation, tolerance) and organization's resources (performance quality, quality technical, communication quality). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Strategies and Consequences of Acquiring Sports Seats in International Forums and its Effects on the Development of Surrounding Areas
Elham Gorji Lora Chapari Zahra HezhabrniaThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategies and consequences of acquiring sports seats in international forums. The method of the current research has an exploratory-fundamental nature and a qualitative approach with a data base strategy MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategies and consequences of acquiring sports seats in international forums. The method of the current research has an exploratory-fundamental nature and a qualitative approach with a data base strategy has been used. The tool used was a semi-structured interview that used the opinions of 10 specialists and experts of the country. Purposeful sampling method was used for sampling. The statistical research method for data analysis is the method of coding with the help of frequency analysis, and to perform the mentioned analyzes with the help of MAXQDA 2020 software, which is special for coding in qualitative method, the codes were categorized and a conceptual model was also presented. The results showed that the strategic conditions are equal to 6 components (allocation of budget and foreign currency credits, appointment of competent managers, continuation and maintenance of seat holders with federations of other countries, role of the media, acquisition of international seats and increasing the development of interaction and communication with international sports organizations ) and the consequent conditions are equal to 6 components (development of political diplomacy with other countries, retention of seat holders, development of cultural relations, creation of memorandum and exchange, provision of presence of women to obtain seat and participation and membership in international forums). Iran's sports has not been without its share of international seats and holding the most important ones, but recklessness, selfish and selfish actions and even strange mistakes have caused their gradual loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - An iterative method for forecasting most probable point of stochastic demand
J. Behnamian S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi B. Karimi M. Fadaei Moludi -
Open Access Article
240 - Identity and Foreign Policy
Ebrahim Anoosheh -
Open Access Article
241 - The Impact of Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Policy-Making on Attracting Foreign Investment during the Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)
Ali Maleki Mohammad Hassan Shaykh al-Eslami Mohammad Reza Dehshiri Mohammad Reza Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
242 - China’s Energy Strategy on the Middle East
Alireza Rezaei Ghasem Toraby Ghasem Rezaei -
Open Access Article
243 - Guaranteeing the Implementation of the First Generation of Human Rights in Iran with an Emphasis on the Principle of the Rule of Law
Mohammad Reza Abbasi Hossein Rezaei Hossein MonavariChallenges and distinctions between human rights and individual freedoms in Iran and international law have been one of the controversial topics in the domestic and international fields in recent years. And the inner belief in the fundamental human rights and the high d MoreChallenges and distinctions between human rights and individual freedoms in Iran and international law have been one of the controversial topics in the domestic and international fields in recent years. And the inner belief in the fundamental human rights and the high dignity of man has been raised and paid attention to in the most important global and regional organizations; and therefore, promoting and respecting these privileges, in the field of supporting the preservation of these regulations, despite many obstacles, many of which are summarized in the "sovereignty of governments", has traveled a very difficult path. In this article, we are trying to answer this question by using the descriptive-analytical method: can guaranteeing and legal guarantees for individual freedoms in the first generation of human rights in Iran in the light of the rule of law, can guarantee individual rights? In this regard, we will examine the theories of the declaration of human rights, the legal laws of the first generation of human rights; And we have reached various findings, such as fundamental human freedoms, declarations of the first generation of human rights, human rights and citizenship in Iran, the rule of law in Iran, the rule of law and human freedom, and the executive guarantee of human rights in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Identifying the dimensions and components of jihadi management in the Martyr Foundation of Tehran Province
Sedigheh Tootian Esfehani hajieh rajabi gholamreza siahporManagement can be effective in various fields, but it can achieve the expected great achievements when this management is accompanied by jihadi components if the manager leads the organization with a jihadist approach, in addition to financial, non -financial goals, .In MoreManagement can be effective in various fields, but it can achieve the expected great achievements when this management is accompanied by jihadi components if the manager leads the organization with a jihadist approach, in addition to financial, non -financial goals, .In this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of jihadi management. The research method is mixed. The statistical population of this research includes the elites and experts of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation. The selection of experts was done by purposeful sampling. 48 people who were eligible to participate in the study were considered as a sample. The required data were collected through a questionnaire tool. The hierarchical process is also used for ranking. There is meritocracy, work conscience, self-confidence), agreement and consensus. Ranking shows that the component of responsibility with the highest average rank is the most important component of jihadi management in order to implement the macro policies of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation, followed by the second most important component. Has it. The component of self-confidence is in the third place and finally the component of work and double effort is in the last place of importance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Investigating and explaining the role of jihadi management in the implementation of the policies of the Martyrs and Martyrs Affairs Foundation(A case study of the Martyrs' Foundation of Fars, Bushehr, Kahkilouye and Boyer Ahmad)
s.mansour Mousavi Hasan Soltani S.Fateme MousaviThe aim of the research is to investigate the impact of Jihadi management style on the implementation of the policies of the Martyr Foundation and Veteran Affairs in the southern provinces of the country. The research method is descriptive-correlation and qualitative-qu MoreThe aim of the research is to investigate the impact of Jihadi management style on the implementation of the policies of the Martyr Foundation and Veteran Affairs in the southern provinces of the country. The research method is descriptive-correlation and qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the research included 1400 and the sample size was 308 according to Morgan's table and was selected by stratified random method. The findings show that in the dimensions of the jihadi management model, the components of insight-oriented, legalism, planning and staff work, applying mutual commitment, interpersonal role and standardization of rules and regulations are among the highest average and components. Idealism, participatory management, control and leadership of line units, human component, empowerment and rehabilitation, self-confidence, self-reliance and the component of using all capacities have the lowest average.According to the final model, the leadership style of Jihadi management has a positive and direct effect on the implementation of the foundation's policies with a path coefficient of 72%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Design a qualitative model for the development of Islamic organizational citizenship behavior in Tax Affairs Organization in Iran
Mehdi Mihandoost Amirmohsen Madani Serajeddin MohebbiThe aim of this study was to design a qualitative model for the development of Islamic organizational citizenship behavior in Tax Affairs Organization in Iran. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of MoreThe aim of this study was to design a qualitative model for the development of Islamic organizational citizenship behavior in Tax Affairs Organization in Iran. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of management & psychology science, which was equal to 20 people. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.95. Findings showed that the factors related to the model of the development of Islamic organizational citizenship behavior in Tax Affairs Organization in Iran related to the were identified in the form of 5 categories and 43 concept codes. Strategies (3 categories), contextual conditions (2 categories), intervening or mediating conditions (3 categories) and consequences (2 categories). In general, it can be concluded that using the findings of the study, it is possible to formulate comprehensive and diverse programs of development of Islamic organizational citizenship behavior in Tax Affairs Organization in Iran in "macro", "medium" and "operational" strategies to develop political culture in Communication & culture organization. To be obtained in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Strategies for establishing a mentoring system in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance in order to realize the general policies of the administrative system
Sadegh Nourmohammadi Kumars Ahmadi .Adel SalavatiThe development of organizational capital requires educational planning and the use of educational models and methods, which is emphasized in paragraphs 2-4-5-16 of the general policies of the administrative system. People under the mentor benefit from job mobility, bet MoreThe development of organizational capital requires educational planning and the use of educational models and methods, which is emphasized in paragraphs 2-4-5-16 of the general policies of the administrative system. People under the mentor benefit from job mobility, better rewards, increased adaptability when faced with new positions, improved professional identity, more professional competence, increased job satisfaction, Reduce job stress and role conflict, the aim of this study is to design a comprehensive model for the establishment of mentoring system in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. The research approach is qualitative and strategic using the data-based method. The statistical population of the study also included 14 in-university experts, experts and accountants with experience of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. The results showed that the model of establishing a mentoring system in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance includes: causal conditions (primary and secondary objectives), categories (achieving a model of establishing a mentoring system in the organization and interactions and communications in the organization), contexts (Management skills, organizational culture, operational planning, systems and technology, human capital), Stakeholders (structural barriers, content barriers), strategies (individual conditions and characteristics and organizational conditions and characteristics), consequences (Individual and organizational benefits) which, according to experts, can be introduced as a suitable model for establishing a mentoring system in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Measuring the Complexity Index of the Value-Added Taxation System in the Tax Affairs Organization of Tehran
Ali i BaghanThe main objective of this research is to measure the complexity of the value-added tax system in the tax affairs organization of Tehran during the first half of 2013. To collect theoretical foundations of this study, a library method was used and a researcher-made ques MoreThe main objective of this research is to measure the complexity of the value-added tax system in the tax affairs organization of Tehran during the first half of 2013. To collect theoretical foundations of this study, a library method was used and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting statistical data. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for validity and reliability of the questionnaire. For data analysis, Levin tests, mean test of two groups, Friedman test, and spss21 software were used. The results of statistical data analysis at the 95% confidence level show that the effect of factors affecting the complexity of value-added tax in the domain of legal and real persons is significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - تغییر تحول آفرین از طریق ترازبانگی: آموزش زبان انگلیسی و محتوای دروس
Mohammad Iman Askari Mahsa Ranjbarبا توجه به همهگیری کووید-19 و وابستگی قابلتوجه به آموزش و ارتباطات مجازی، حوزه های فراگیری زبان بر تغییر تحول آفرین در روش های آموزشی مبتنی بر بکارگیری ظرفیتهای ارتباطی چند زبانه مانند «ترازبانگی» (Translanguaging) تمرکز نمودند. احتمالاً بهترین منابع دان Moreبا توجه به همهگیری کووید-19 و وابستگی قابلتوجه به آموزش و ارتباطات مجازی، حوزه های فراگیری زبان بر تغییر تحول آفرین در روش های آموزشی مبتنی بر بکارگیری ظرفیتهای ارتباطی چند زبانه مانند «ترازبانگی» (Translanguaging) تمرکز نمودند. احتمالاً بهترین منابع دانشگاهی برای بررسی این موضوع، دروس ترجمه محور میباشند که از طریق استراتژیهای معمول آموزشی در دوره های دانشگاهی زبان انگلیسی ارائه می شود. این مسئله سبب توجه بیشتر به ترازبانگی آموزشی در زمینه آموزش زبان انگلیسی (ELT) میان زبان آموزان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی گردید که در دروس مرتبط با دوره های آموزش زبان انگلیسی با تمرکز بر مهارت های ترجمه شرکت می نمایند. بنابراین در مطالعه حاضر، با استفاده از الگوی تلفیقی مبتنی بر تشریح متوالی (روش تحقیق) به مطالعه تحول احتمالی حاصل از ترازبانگی در میان زبان آموزان و مدرسان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی پرداخته شده است. به عنوان پیامدهای آموزشی این مطالعه، می توان بیان داشت که ترازبانگی در حوزه زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی به عنوان یک استراتژی تأثیرگذار جهت کمک به مدرسان و زبان آموزان به منظور بهره مندی از ظرفیت های دو زبانگی در ارائه و درک محتوای دروس در نظر گرفته می شود. این موضوع همچنین بر تغییر تحول آفرین میان محققان و متخصصین حوزه زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی در راستای تغییر نگرش در نقش ترجمه به عنوان یک فرایند تعامل پذیر تغییر بین زبان اول (L1)و زبان دوم (L2) تاکید دارد که این امر مانعی در بکارگیری ظرفیت ها و دانش زبانی زبان آموزان ایجاد نمینماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The emergence of divine affairs in man from the point of view of Origen of Alexandria and Feyz Kashani
Nastaran Fahimi alireza ebrahim Zahra Hoseini hamidOrigenes of Alexandria and Feyz Kashani are two influential figures in Christian and Shiite theology, respectively, who have offered special views on the relationship between God and man. These two have a background in philosophical, theological and mystical studies and MoreOrigenes of Alexandria and Feyz Kashani are two influential figures in Christian and Shiite theology, respectively, who have offered special views on the relationship between God and man. These two have a background in philosophical, theological and mystical studies and have devoted themselves to the interpretation of the Bible and the Qur'an. This article, which is presented in a descriptive-comparative manner, examines the "emergence of divine things in man" from the perspective of the two. Origen and Grace believe that all human beings, especially Jesus Christ (the Son) and the Caliph of God, are God's creatures and that all divine attributes, except eternity and eternity, are transmitted to them. Also, other human beings can manifest many divine attributes through Christ or the Caliph of God. In this regard, loving Jesus or the Caliph of God is a means of transmitting divine attributes to man. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The First Decline in Kashf-Al-Asrar and Odat-Al-Abrar
Aliasgar Zarei Alireza Mozafari According to Abulfazl Rashideddin Meybodi in Kashf-Al-Asrar and Odat-Al-Abrarin his interpretation of the story of Cain and Abel, Cain is afraid of a song and escapes from people and becomes familiar with wild animals. The story has a connection with an archetype More According to Abulfazl Rashideddin Meybodi in Kashf-Al-Asrar and Odat-Al-Abrarin his interpretation of the story of Cain and Abel, Cain is afraid of a song and escapes from people and becomes familiar with wild animals. The story has a connection with an archetype named the first decline. According to the archetype, the man has fallen from a golden age and has lost his roots. The present article tries to study the first decline archetype in some cultures based on descriptive-comparative method. The archetype can be seen in most of the rituals which indicates the close relationship of man with the nature and animals, the relation that has forgotten by an evil thought. Although the affinity of man and nature that existed in the Golden age has been forgotten, but its trace can still be seen. This archetype is present in different cultures with various forms and some common themes can be found in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - An Analytic Mythological study of The Archetype of the First Human and Its Samples in the Pishdādis Section of Shāhnāmeh
Farzad GhaemiCreation of the first human- the primary ideal human- is one of the most important steps in the creation of archetype in various cultures. The fundamental example of the first human is based on an old pattern, which emerges as a giant or godlike human, or as the first c MoreCreation of the first human- the primary ideal human- is one of the most important steps in the creation of archetype in various cultures. The fundamental example of the first human is based on an old pattern, which emerges as a giant or godlike human, or as the first couple. The goal of this paper is describing examples and mythological qualities of the first human archetype in mythic cultures, and in the myths of ancient Iran, especially in the Pishdādis section of Ferdowsi’s Shāhnāmeh. The research method of this paper is qualitative with analytic mythological approach, based on which we have considered three features as the basic characteristics of the archetype of first human: first his divine origin, then a twin couple, and finally a cultural function- symbolic hero producing civilization in the history of a nation. In Shāhnāmeh, these tree kinds of functions are distributed among some kings of Pishdādis each of them can be considered as an example of first human. In this paper, we study examples of these functions about Kayumarth, Hooshang, Tahmooreth, Jamshid, Fereydoun and Manoochehr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Myth of First Man in Iranian Mythology from Yamah to Kiyoumars
Fātemeh Vafāee Aboulqasem EsmāilpourMyths change from over time. Some factors like social structure, mode of production and government administration lead to changes in the nature of myths. Also religious beliefs have some interrelationships with these factors; that is, they influence and are influe MoreMyths change from over time. Some factors like social structure, mode of production and government administration lead to changes in the nature of myths. Also religious beliefs have some interrelationships with these factors; that is, they influence and are influenced by them. In the mythology of Zoroastrianism, the myth of first man, as a part of the myth of creation, has changed in the passage of time. After settling down in Iran, Aryans reshaped the myth of the first man while considering the needs of the society and novel situation. Yameh or the first man who performed the role of the first king and ideal king, gained some of the most distinct features of the most important character in mythology of Zoroastrianism that were bestowed on him. The present article tries to study these issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - یک مدل FSDT برای تجزیه و تحلیل ارتعاشات صفحه FG مستطیلی نانو بر اساس تئوری تنش زوج اصلاح شده تحت بار متحرک
یونس امین -
Open Access Article
255 - تأثیر پارامترهای پایه الاستیک وینکلر-پاسترناک در تحلیل تنش صفحات مستطیل شکل که تحت بار متحرک قرار دارند
احمدرضا خورشیدوند علی خیری امیر مسعود الله قلی -
Open Access Article
256 - تجزیه و تحلیل ارتعاش اجباری صفحات مستطیلی دارای درجه بندی عملکردی با تخلخل تحت بار متحرک
احمدرضا خورشیدوند علی خیری -
Open Access Article
257 - The role of effective factors on Net Spread on private and State-owned Commercial Banks in Iran
Rafik Nazarian Amirabbas HasheminejadThe Spread is generally considered as a sign of efficiency in any Banking system throughout the world. This important indicator is equal to the difference of two ratios which are the revenues from facilities to total facilities of the bank ratio. An increase of this ind MoreThe Spread is generally considered as a sign of efficiency in any Banking system throughout the world. This important indicator is equal to the difference of two ratios which are the revenues from facilities to total facilities of the bank ratio. An increase of this indicator means more cost of raising funds for demanders of funds. But it is, on the contrary, a signal for higher efficiency of banking system. The main objective of this research is to measure the net spread of public banks and appraisal of effects of three groups of banking policy making and aggregate economy variables on net spread changes throughout the years 1377 to 1386.Calculations show that the average net spread of public banks throughout 1377 to 1386 equals 6.161 and from 1382 to 1386. it has fallen to 5.361.The outcomes of econometrics model reveal that the rate of change in most banking financial indications (such as sight deposit to total deposit ratio, non performing loan ratio, legal deposit ratio and non-interest based revenue to total revenue generating asses ratio) exert meaningful but different effects on the rate of change of underlying variable. Although the private banks have been operating since 1381, the positive multiplier of the herfindahl – Hirschman Index or HHI concentration indicator shows that banking industry in Iran has continually been a monopoly of public sector. However the related numeral multiplier implies a gradual change of current structure towards less monopoly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The Effect of Electronic Banking on Return on Equity for Selected Banks in Tehran Stock Exchange
سید شمس الدین حسینی حمید فرامرزی عبادElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has r MoreElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has released delivery of banking services from the liabilities of time and location and affect the profitability of banks. This study has investigated the effect of electronic banking expansion on return on equity (ROE) in eight banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange included four private banks (Eghtesad novin, Parsian, Pasargad, Sina) and for state-owned banks that has been transferred their shares to the Stock Exchange (Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Post bank); in period of 1385-1393. Based on Generalized Least Square (GLS) approach and panel data method we found a significant positive effects between ROE and independent variables such as ATM/Branch, SPOS, HHI and GDP . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - The economic situation of Kurdistan during the First World War (Grain hoarding and crisis)
Kihan Moshir Panahi Mohammad Sheikh Ahmadi Osman Yousefi Mohammad Gurban KianiAbstract With the start of the First World War and the entry of the Ottomans into the battlefield, the scope of the war was also extended to Kurdistan. The presence of the armies of the warring governments in Kurdistan, the personal interests of the local rulers by hoa MoreAbstract With the start of the First World War and the entry of the Ottomans into the battlefield, the scope of the war was also extended to Kurdistan. The presence of the armies of the warring governments in Kurdistan, the personal interests of the local rulers by hoarding grains caused a grain the crisis in Kurdistan and social consequences such as poverty, hunger, corruption, prostitution, in the migration of people from cities and the destruction of villages followed. Research method/approach: The current research is based on historical sources, such as books, documents and press, using a descriptive-analytical approach. Objective: To investigate the grain hoarding and crisis in Kurdistan, the activities and performance of local rulers in the First World War. Findings and conclusions: The presence of the forces involved in the First World War in Kurdistan has disturbed the economic order of the region, the provision of food for these forces from local products, the decrease in the essential food of the people, as well as the hoarding of grains by the owners, the negative and inappropriate performance of the local rulers, and in addition to the problems and the many problems caused by the military forces involved in the war in the Kurdistan region due to their own benefit and the survival of their power have become a factor for increasing the economic and social damage of the region and finally led to hoarding and grain crisis in Kurdistan and caused poverty, hunger, famine and other unfortunate repercussions in Kurdistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - An Analysis of objectivism in methodological hermeneutics, emphasizing on Hirsch's view
somayeh abdollahi zohreh akhavan moghadam Mohamad Reza AramHermeneutics has been defined as "interpreting". Hermeneutics has faced many differences and conflicts in its tumultuous history, and the views of theorists on the mission of hermeneutics and its realm have varied widely. One of the most controversial issues in hermeneu MoreHermeneutics has been defined as "interpreting". Hermeneutics has faced many differences and conflicts in its tumultuous history, and the views of theorists on the mission of hermeneutics and its realm have varied widely. One of the most controversial issues in hermeneutics, which has even led to a fundamental shift in hermeneutic issues, was the ontological view of understanding, as regarded by Heidegger and Gadamer. They did not know the truth, as in previous periods, through the presentation of methods can be achieved. Philosophical hermeneutics believed in subjectivism; Prior to the emergence of this view, hermeneutics such as Schleiermacher and Delta sought to find a way to understand and to understand the correctly in terms of author and objectivity will be possible. Although ontological approach to the understanding of discourse are considered by many of twenty century philosophers, It also has been faced the criticism. Emilio Betty Warrick Hirsch defended objectivism in understanding texts with a critical and methodological view of understanding. This methodological approach is called methodological hermeneutics and the ontological approach is called philosophical hermeneutics. In this article, we try to explain the objectivist methodological hermeneutics through a library method and, referring to Heidegger and Gadamer's views, address the most important critiques of Hirsch in the subjective approach of philosophical hermeneutics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Social Cleavages and Conservative-Labour Party Exclusivism in the United Kingdom: From Tory-Whig to Brexit
Mohammad Reza Saeid Abadi Sam MohammadpourIn developed societies, a multi-party system is considered more rational than a two-party system because of the possibility of pursuing diverse interests. Nevertheless, the two-party structure in the United Kingdom has long been such that it is difficult to imagine the MoreIn developed societies, a multi-party system is considered more rational than a two-party system because of the possibility of pursuing diverse interests. Nevertheless, the two-party structure in the United Kingdom has long been such that it is difficult to imagine the emergence and continuation of dominant third parties in British politics. Accordingly, the study's central question is how social cleavages over time have led to the formation of a two-party system in the UK and what role will Brexit play in the persistence or change of this long-standing structure? The research hypothesis, using a descriptive-analytical method and the application of Cleavage Theory in the analysis of the stability factors of the UK’s two-party system, emphasizes that social cleavages along with the British political structure with features such as Duverger's law and first-past-the-post voting cause psychological and mechanical effects in the UK general elections. Accordingly, British voters, aware of the above-mentioned electoral rules, ignore the smaller parties and vote for the most desirable option with a chance of winning. This behavior, called strategic voting, explains the tendency of voters to the most powerful parties and, ultimately, the continuation of the Labor-Conservative exclusivism. Furthermore, with the trend analysis approach, it is hypothesized that Brexit will help the continuity of party duopoly in the kingdom by strengthening the concept of the open-closed political spectrum and highlighting social cleavages among the Britons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Forage Quality of Salsola yazdiana and S. tomentosa in Different Growth Stages in Saline Desert of Yazd Province, Iran
Mostafa Zare Ehsan Zandi Ardavan Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
263 - Diversity of Plants and Animals in Mountain Ecosystems in Tajikistan
Victor R Squires Neymatolla Safarov -
Open Access Article
264 - Identification of Invasive Species Using Remote Sensing and Vegetation Indices, (Case Study: Vazroud Rangelands, Iran)
Mohadeseh Amiri Karim Solaimani Reza Tamartash Mirhassan Miryaghoubzadeh -
Open Access Article
265 - Estimating Nitrogen and Acid Detergent Fiber Contents of Grass Species using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Hossein Arzani Anvar Sanaei Alen V. Barker Sahar Ghafari Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
266 - Determination of Soil Salinity in Frankenia hirsuta L. Habitat (Case Study: Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
267 - Potential of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Predict Nutrient Composition of Bromus tomentellus
Hossein Arzani Anvar Sour Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
268 - Causes and Consequences of Out-of-Marriage Relations (Case Study: Women in Rafsanjan)
reza akbari afsaneh tavassoli bahram ghadimiEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from inter MoreEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of the dream of marriage was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking". The most important motivation for women is the tendency to have extramarital affairs, family formation and marriage. Independence, and a desire to break free from family rules and frameworks are among the causes of this tendency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Representation of power in the production of the social urban space Tabriz of the constitutional era and the first Pahlavi
shahab adamnavasi Atusa Moderi Varaz Christian MoradiThe concept of urban space is always facing many complications. An important part of urban spaces are public spaces. Confronting space as a commodity, government intervention and government programs have led to the monopoly of public spaces. The purpose of this research MoreThe concept of urban space is always facing many complications. An important part of urban spaces are public spaces. Confronting space as a commodity, government intervention and government programs have led to the monopoly of public spaces. The purpose of this research is to understand the process of production of public spaces in the city through power relations. For this purpose, power conflicts in the political, cultural-social and economic environment of Tabriz were investigated in two periods and sources such as documents and texts, maps and historical photos were used. The methodology of this study is in two stages, in the first stage, determining the indicators based on the ANT network technique and theoretical coding of the texts and documents of each course, and in the second stage, the analysis of these indicators is based on the power mechanism techniques, and finally, determining the power technology. Two discontinuities in this period, what is obtained from this research is that in the late Qajar and first Pahlavi, contrary to what is expected from a civil society, most of the spatial representations, apart from the constitution, instead of involving all people And the activists in the process of space production have been dominated by the rulers. However, due to the network nature of power, the resistances produced by other actors in the form of semiotic production and social production have been able to intervene in the process of space production to some extent and assert their right to urban spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The strategy of the rule of justice in climate change and the guarantee of sustainable human security with an emphasis on the principle of shared but different responsibilities.
Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor Masoud Raei DehaghiAmong the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public internat MoreAmong the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public international law. Is. Therefore, while defining the rule of fairness, it is necessary to evaluate the position of this rule in the implementation of international agreements related to the field of international environmental law, and also to analyze the need to protect the environment based on the requirements of public opinion in jurisprudence. Accordingly, in this study, which was conducted inductively and using library studies, while evaluating the application of the rule of justice in ensuring human security, it was found that the rule of justice through the principle of "joint but different responsibility" in the Paris Climate Change Conference Has been exploited. On the other hand, it has been shown that the rule of fairness in international environmental law has led to the introduction of the term "climate justice". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Pairs trading based on wavelet decomposition
bahareh zarintaj saeed aghasi forozan baktashIn the current research,wavelet analysis is used to analyze the time series of prices in a pair of assets into general and detailed time series, and the property of collocation between different and corresponding levels of analysis of two series is checked in order to f MoreIn the current research,wavelet analysis is used to analyze the time series of prices in a pair of assets into general and detailed time series, and the property of collocation between different and corresponding levels of analysis of two series is checked in order to find collinear pairs at different levels of analysis. And then its profitability is examined. In this research, the profitability of the pair trading system based on wavelet analysis was investigated on 14 indices of the Tehran Stock Exchange betwee 2013-2022. The results show that for the second level of detail in the wavelet analysis, the results are quite impressive and the number of trading positions is more than doubled, the daily return is increased to four times and the Sharpe ratio is also increased to about two times. The system formed based on the first level of detail also has a better profitable performance than the normal aggregation, and the performance of the third level of detail is within the limits of aggregation. In addition, the average duration of the transaction also shows significant decrease in the first and second levels. Profitability performance at the level of general series is generally weaker than the aggregate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Evaluating the Performance of a Pairs Trading System in Tehran Stock Exchange: the Cointegration Approach and Sortino Ratio Analysis
Saeid Fallahpour hasan hakimianAlgorithmic trading system is a trading system that utilizes highly advanced models is used for trade decision-making in the financial markets. The System of "pairs trading" is also typical of these systems. Pairs trading system is one of the oldest systems of algorithm MoreAlgorithmic trading system is a trading system that utilizes highly advanced models is used for trade decision-making in the financial markets. The System of "pairs trading" is also typical of these systems. Pairs trading system is one of the oldest systems of algorithmic trading that its performance and profitability have been proven and shown in many of the studies that have been conducted so far in the financial markets. The most important principle in pairs trading is the equivalent long run relations or the mean reversion property. In this study, by calculating and evaluating the Sortino Ratio and return, performance of the pairs trading system has been surveyed through the cointegration approach in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The experimental results on pair stocks of selected in the Tehran Stock Exchange shows that using the pairs trading system as a market neutral trading systems has a significant return than return on ordinary shares in the same period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - An Assessment of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Hierarchical Model based on Topsis Algorithm
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiPortfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “St MorePortfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “Stocks of Corporation”, “Bonds”, “Fellow of Banking Capital”, “Trading Securities”, and “Governmental Treasury Bills”. Gathering the data by means of a questionnaire distributed among the target population including managers and experts of the Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, we investigate on stock investment methods in foreign market in hierarchical model based on Topsis algouritm. Due to the answers gathered from the questionnaire, we identified 8 factors effective on portfolio investment to be used in topsis algorithm. These effective factors was entered to a decision making matrix, using in ranking portfolio investment styles based on ideal solutions technique. Results showed that the corporation stocks is the first and the top priority for international portfolio investors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Investigating the Impact of Diversification Strategy in Assets and Loans on Bank Return
Mousa Bozorg Asl Alireza Akbari Masule Mohammad Javad Mohaghegh Nia Mohammad Taghi Taqhavi FardDiversification and return's relationship is a question that every bank faces with it. It is a routin issue that the bank should answer to it. This study also seeks to evaluate the relationship between diversification and return. The sample of study is 10 banks included MoreDiversification and return's relationship is a question that every bank faces with it. It is a routin issue that the bank should answer to it. This study also seeks to evaluate the relationship between diversification and return. The sample of study is 10 banks included Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, Pasargad, Sina, Hekmat, Day, Sarmaye, Post bank, and Karafrin. The period of study was from 2011 to 2015. Herfindal Herishman index (HHI) was used as the proxy of diversification and two kinds of return included return of assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The multiple regression is used and estimated by estimated generalized least squares (EGLS). The results showed that there was a significant and adverse relationship between diversification of assets and ROA. Also, there wasn't a significant relationship between diversification of loans and ROA. Furthermore, there wasn't a significant relationship between diversification of loans and assets with ROE Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Optimal Pairs Trading strategy under Statistical Variability of the Spread Process
Fatemeh Azizzadeh Nasrin EbadiThe appropriate investment and decision making about taking of correct long and short position needs proved strategies. In this research, pairs trading have been studied and a new non-parametric approach proposed based on Renko and Kagi construction which are two Japane MoreThe appropriate investment and decision making about taking of correct long and short position needs proved strategies. In this research, pairs trading have been studied and a new non-parametric approach proposed based on Renko and Kagi construction which are two Japanese charting indicators. The proposed approach exploits information about the variability of spread process and a constant long-run mean dose not find for spread process but trade towards it like other methods of pairs trading and the only needed assumption is remaining constant of statistical properties of the spread process volatility. In this research, profitability of proposed method have been proved theoretically mean-reverting process with stochastic volatility , then pairs trading have been performed based on this approach on selective data of Tehran stock exchange . The results of implementation show that used strategy obtain 52.91% per return in stock pair of KHTRAC and KHTOGHA, 33.645 per return in stock pair of KHMOHAREKEH and KHODRO for appropriate selection of H. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Operating Cash Flow Manipulation and Auditor's Opinion: The Moderator Role of Internal Control and Audit Firms Ranking
Mostafa Ezadpour Ali Mohammad Kordi Fatemeh Tavousi Zahra Heydari Sureshjani AbstractOperating cash flow is considered as a performance indicator for users, which provides complete information about the operational positon of the company. However, management may manipulate the information of operating cash flows in order to achieve its goa More AbstractOperating cash flow is considered as a performance indicator for users, which provides complete information about the operational positon of the company. However, management may manipulate the information of operating cash flows in order to achieve its goals. Therefore, there is a need for an auditor to review and monitor information. Auditors provide an modified opinion by conforming the financial statements to the accounting standards and discovering this manipulation. Also, the presence of top-ranked auditors and the existence of strong internal control lead to stronger supervision in the company and intensify this relationship. Due to the importance of this issue and the lack of research, this study deals with the management of the operational cash flow and the auditor's opinion, by emphasis on the moderator role of the internal control and the audit firm ranking. In this regard, a sample including 130 companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected. Examining the results of the multiple regression test showed that companies that perform more operational cash flow manipulation face more audit modified reports. Also, the presence of the first-ranked audit firms in the company leads to the intensification of the management of the operational cash flow and themodified audit report. However, internal control in the company is not able to influence the relationship between management of operating cash flow and audit report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Common fixed point results on vector metric spaces
G. Soleimani Rad I. Altun -
Open Access Article
278 - Unique common coupled fixed point theorem for four maps in $S_b$-metric spaces
K. P. R. Rao G. V. N. Kishore Sk. Sadik -
Open Access Article
279 - The moving frame method and invariant subspace under parametric group actions
Y. Alipour Fakhri Y. Azadi -
Open Access Article
280 - $\mathcal{E}$-metric spaces and common fixed point theorems
F. Yousefi H. Rahimi G. Soleimani Rad -
Open Access Article
281 - Solution of the first order fuzzy differential equations with generalized differentiability
L. Jamshidi T. Allahviranloo -
Open Access Article
282 - Numerical Solution of Nonlinear PDEs by Using Two-Level Iterative Techniques and Radial Basis Functions
Sara Hosseini -
Open Access Article
283 - Numerical Solution of The First-Order Evolution Equations by Radial Basis Function
Sara Hosseini -
Open Access Article
284 - A Study on State Dependent Accessible and Second Optional Service Queue with Impatient and Feedback Customers
Vijaya Laxmi Pikkala Girija Bhavani Edadasari -
Open Access Article
285 - NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION BY USING CHEBYSHEV WAVELET OPERATIONAL MATRIX OF INTEGRATION
M. A. Fariborzi Araghi S. Daliri M. Bahmanpour -
Open Access Article
286 - First High School Female Teachers’ Lived Experience of Multicultural Education
Somayeh saebi Alireza assareh Narges KeshtiarayAs its first goal, multicultural education aims to train individuals who not only appreciate their own culture but also respect other cultures and consider them as a factor contributing to the development of their culture. The present study aimed to investigate the fema MoreAs its first goal, multicultural education aims to train individuals who not only appreciate their own culture but also respect other cultures and consider them as a factor contributing to the development of their culture. The present study aimed to investigate the female teachers’ lived experience of multicultural education. The method used in this study was the qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The population consisted of all female teachers working in the city of Isfahan in the academic years 2020-2021. Using the purposeful sampling method, the population reached saturation with a sample size of 12. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and were analyzed by MAXQDA 18. The results indicated six main themes: educational content, teaching method, strengthening relationships, environmental compatibility, diverse evaluation, and accepting multicultural education, which was obtained from 110 initial themes and categorization of the themes. The themes obtained from female teachers' experiences of multicultural education can be used as a model in the multicultural curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Designing a Model of Life Skills in Planning the Lesson of the First Year of Secondary School (Case Study of Khuzestan Province)
Mojtaba Moazami Khadijeh HossiniThe purpose of this research was to provide a model of life skills in the curriculum planning of the first year of secondary school. The present study is a mixed method and a type of exploratory mixed research design, which is carried out in two consecutive qualitative- MoreThe purpose of this research was to provide a model of life skills in the curriculum planning of the first year of secondary school. The present study is a mixed method and a type of exploratory mixed research design, which is carried out in two consecutive qualitative-quantitative stages. The present research in the first phase conducted a qualitative study, and in this phase, it was done through reviewing and evaluating the studies conducted in the field of the subject raised in the current research, as well as in-depth interviews with experts in the field of curriculum planning who have specialized doctorate education with the scientific degree of assistant professor, associate professor and professor who had authored articles, and accomplished research and practical experience in this field. After the data were collected, they were coded, categorized and presented as a conceptual model using the grounded theory analysis method. The second phase of the study was quantitative and used structural equation modeling. The data collected from the researcher-made questionnaire based on the proposed model (resulting from the qualitative phase of the study) were evaluated using Smart PLS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Creating Sustainable Income through the Cashew Nuts Value Chain (Evidence from Ghana)
Nicholas Oppong Mensah Richmond Anaman Kingsford Nyarko- Fordjour Samuel Afotey Anang Anthony Donkor Jacqueline Twintoh -
Open Access Article
289 - The Effect of Auxin and Oat in Combination with Casing Soil on Growth and Biochemical Components of Agaricus blazei
FATEMEH KAVIANI MEHRDAD JAFARPOUR -
Open Access Article
290 - ترمیم شکستگی غضروف گوش اسب با استفاده از کریشنر وایر
سحر گوهری راد علیرضا نجف پورمقید کردن اسب از طریق پیچاندن قاعده گوش یکی از روش هایی است که در اسب داری ها به فراوانی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این روش علیرغم آسان بودن و عدم نیاز به وسایل خاص دارای معایب و خطراتی برای حیوان می باشد. یکی از این معایب شکستگی غضروف لاله گوش اسب می باشد. از آنجا که ا Moreمقید کردن اسب از طریق پیچاندن قاعده گوش یکی از روش هایی است که در اسب داری ها به فراوانی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این روش علیرغم آسان بودن و عدم نیاز به وسایل خاص دارای معایب و خطراتی برای حیوان می باشد. یکی از این معایب شکستگی غضروف لاله گوش اسب می باشد. از آنجا که این عارضه تاثیر نامطلوبی بر ظاهر حیوان داشته و روش های معمول درمانی دارای معایبی مانند باقی ماندن بافت اسکار و ایجاد ظاهر ناخوشایند در گوش حیوان می گردد، برآن گردید درروشی نوین که در این پژوهش استفاده شد، علاوه بر رفع کامل شکستگی، در ظاهر گوش اسب تاثیر نامطلوبی نداشته باشد. بدین منظور از 5 راس اسب با متوسط وزنی 50±400 کیلوگرم و متوسط سنی 7-3 ساله استفاده شد. پس از بیهوشی عمومی، موضع عمل آماده سازی و غضروف گوش به وسیله کریشتر وایر تثبیت گردید. سپس به روش بخیه ساده تکی محل جراحی بخیه و اقدام به تهیه رادیوگراف از موضع جهت اطمینان از قرار گیری صحیح کریشنر وایر گردید. سپس لاله گوش حیوان پانسمان و آنتی بیوتیک های لازم تزریق شد. به مدت 21 روز پانسمان تعویض و موضع جهت وجود چرک، التهاب و روند ترمیم و بهبودی زخم و نیز تشکیل بافت جوانه گوشتی بررسی شد. با توجه به یافته های بالینی و نتایج بدست آمده در این مطالعه، استفاده ازکریشنر وایر در شکستگی غضروف لاله گوش اسب ، نتایج مفیدی از نظر سرعت التیام، کیفیت زخم، اسکار نهایی و بازگشت سریع تر دام به فعالیت داشت. Manuscript profile -
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291 - Removal of Acid Red 33 from Aqueous Solution by Fenton and Photo Fenton Processes
Aref Shokri -
Open Access Article
292 - Effects of Process Parameter on Crude Oil Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Response Surface Optimization
Ani Amechi Ezeugwu Felix -
Open Access Article
293 - Effect of Cooling Rate and Copper Content on the Non-Equilibrium Eutectic Formation in Binary Al-Cu Alloys by Computer- Aided Cooling Curve Method
Mehdi Dehnavi Mohsen Haddad SabzevarIn this study, the effect of cooling rate and copper addition was taken into consideration in non- equilibrium eutectic transformation of binary Al-Cu melt via cooling curve analysis. For this purpose, melts with different copper weight percent of 2.2, 3.7 and 4.8 MoreIn this study, the effect of cooling rate and copper addition was taken into consideration in non- equilibrium eutectic transformation of binary Al-Cu melt via cooling curve analysis. For this purpose, melts with different copper weight percent of 2.2, 3.7 and 4.8 were prepared and cooled in controlled rates of 0.04 and 0.42 °C/sec. Results show that, latent heat of alloy highly depends upon the post- solidification cooling rate and composition. As copper content of alloy and cooling rate increase, achieved non- equilibrium eutectic phase increases that leads to release of much latent heat and appearing of second deviation in cooling curve. This deviation can be seen in first time derivative curve in the form of a definite peak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Structural Analysis of Unsymmetric Laminated Composite Timoshenko Beam Subjected to Moving Load
Mohammad Javad Rezvani -
Open Access Article
295 - مدلسازی استاتیکی غیرخطی ورق هدفمند تابعی نسبتاً ضخیم با استفاده از روش آزادسازی دینامیکی
محمدجواد محمودی وحید محلوجیدر این مقاله تحلیل استاتیکی غیرخطی ورق نسبتاً ضخیم ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند تابعی با استفاده از روش آزادسازی دینامیکی صورت گرفته است. این امر به کمک تئوری مرتبه اول برشی میندلین به منظور ضخیم در نظر گرفتن ورق انجام شده است. جهت تحلیل رفتار غیرخطی هندسی معادلات گسسته شده Moreدر این مقاله تحلیل استاتیکی غیرخطی ورق نسبتاً ضخیم ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند تابعی با استفاده از روش آزادسازی دینامیکی صورت گرفته است. این امر به کمک تئوری مرتبه اول برشی میندلین به منظور ضخیم در نظر گرفتن ورق انجام شده است. جهت تحلیل رفتار غیرخطی هندسی معادلات گسسته شده استخراج شده است. شرایط بارگذاری و شرایط مرزی ورق به­ترتیب به­صورت بارگستره عرضی یکنواخت و تکیه­گاه ساده در چهار لبه ورق ضخیم در نظرگرفته شده است. جهت عمومیت بخشیدن به نتایج به­دست­آمده، این معادلات به صورت بدون بعد با اعمال روش آزادسازی دینامیکی بر مبنای تفاضلات محدود مرکزی حل شده­اند. اثر پارامترهای مسأله نظیر ثابت توانی ماده هدفمند تابعی و نسبت ضلع به ضخامت ورق بر نتایج تحلیل مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده، لزوم درنظر گرفتن رفتار غیرخطی هندسی و استفاده از تئوری­ ای که اثرات ضخامت ورق روی پاسخ خمش ورق را درنظر بگیرد و همچنین در نهایت لزوم استفاده از روش حل آزادسازی دینامیکی با وجود جملات غیرخطی ناشی از تغییرشکل زیاد ورق ضخیمهدفمند تابعی بحث شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - تحلیل کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی تحت بار فشاری محوری
منصور درویزه ابوالفضل درویزه رضا انصاری الهام کاظمیدر این مقاله به بررسی کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی با چیدمان صفر و نود درجه که تحت بار محوری فشاری هستند، پرداخته می­شود. روش حل بر مبنای اجزا محدود، براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول اتخاذ شده است. یک المان هشت گرهای برای به دست آوردن رف Moreدر این مقاله به بررسی کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی با چیدمان صفر و نود درجه که تحت بار محوری فشاری هستند، پرداخته می­شود. روش حل بر مبنای اجزا محدود، براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول اتخاذ شده است. یک المان هشت گرهای برای به دست آوردن رفتار الاستیکی پوسته بیضوی در نظر گرفته شده است. کرنشها بر اساس جابهجاییها در مختصات محلی پوسته به دقت محاسبه شده و کار انجام شده توسط بار اعمالی به سازه، در نظر گرفته شده است. معادلات تعادل با استفاده از حداقل کردن انرژی پتانسیل به دست آمدهاند و با استفاده از روش صفر کردن دترمینان ماتریس سیستم، حل شدهاند. اثر تغییر پارامتر سطح مقطع بیضی (نسبت شعاع بزرگ به شعاع کوچک بیضی) بر روی بار کمانش بحرانی پوسته استوانه بیضوی بررسی شده است. نتایج مؤید این مطلب است که تغییر در پارامتر سطح مقطع بیضی میتواند به طور محسوسی بار کمانش بحرانی را تغییر دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - تحلیل خمش صفحات ساندویچی کامپوزیتی بر اساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول با استفاده از روش مربعات دیفرانسیلی تعمیم یافته و هارمونیک
مصطفی یزدانی اعظم قاسمی محمد هدایتیهدف از این تحقیق، بکارگیری روش­های مربعات دیفرانسیلی تعمیم­یافته و هارمونیک به­عنوان روش­های دقیق و سریع در تحلیل خمش صفحات ساندویچی می­باشد. تحلیل خمش صفحات ساندویچی تحت شرایط مرزی و بارگذاری­های جانبی مختلف و با استفاده از دو روش مربعات دیفرانس Moreهدف از این تحقیق، بکارگیری روش­های مربعات دیفرانسیلی تعمیم­یافته و هارمونیک به­عنوان روش­های دقیق و سریع در تحلیل خمش صفحات ساندویچی می­باشد. تحلیل خمش صفحات ساندویچی تحت شرایط مرزی و بارگذاری­های جانبی مختلف و با استفاده از دو روش مربعات دیفرانسیلی تعمیم یافته و مربعات دیفرانسیلی هارمونیک بر اساس دو تئوری کلاسیک و مرتبه اول برشی، انجام شده است. تأثیر ناهمسانگردی لایه­ها، زاویه­ی قرارگیری الیاف، نسبت ضخامت به طول صفحه، نسبت ضخامت هسته به پوسته بر مسئله خمش مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. برای حل عددی از نرم­افزار متلب استفاده شده است. مقایسه­ نتایج عددی بدست آمده ازدو روش مربعات دیفرانسیلی تعمیم­یافته و هارمونیک با نتایج موجود در تحقیقات گذشته نشان از دقت، توانایی و نرخ همگرایی خوب این دو روش دارد. سرعت بالا و دقت بسیارخوب این روش­ها، اهمیت استفاده از آن­ها را به ویژه در حل مسائل پیچیده نشان می­دهد. با استفاده از روش مربعات دیفرانسیلی تعمیم یافته نشان داده شد که با افزایش نسبت ناهمسانگردی پوسته­ها مقدار تغییر مکان ماکزیمم جانبی صفحه کاهش می­یابد. در بررسی زاویه قرارگیری الیاف مشخص شد که مقدار تغییر مکان بدست آمده، به زاویه­ی قرارگیری الیاف بستگی دارد. نسبت ضخامت هسته به پوسته مورد یررسی قرار گرفت و نشان داده شد که با افزایش نسبت ضخامت هسته به پوسته، تغییر مکان ماکزیمم صفحه کاهش می­یابد. همچنین بارگذاری­های مختلفی استفاده شده است که نشان می­د­هد استفاده از این روش محدود به نوع بارگذاری خاصی نیست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Analysis of Bending and Buckling of Circular Porous Plate Using First-Order Shear Deformation Theory
A.R. Yadegari Naeini Yadegari Naeini A. Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
299 - Estimating required administrative staffing based on timing method in Shiraz University of Medical Science
ehsan goraki rahim masoumi saeideh negahdari seyedjalil masoumiThe aim of this study is to determine an index for calculating required administrative human resources in staff department, and consequently specify the shortage or extra of employees working in organization. To determine the basic parameters for determining the adminis MoreThe aim of this study is to determine an index for calculating required administrative human resources in staff department, and consequently specify the shortage or extra of employees working in organization. To determine the basic parameters for determining the administrative workload and the volume of office work, a project has been carried out using Workout and timing methods in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The project steps include: recognizing and reforming process, mining activities, recording standard time by researcher made forms and chronometers, and finally calculating favorable workload. Then the effective factors on employee’s workload have been analyzed. The Pierson Correlation, Anova and T Student Statistical test through the SPSS and EXCELL software have been used for data analysis. The result showed that, none of the constituent elements of salary’s determination, including: work experiences, education, type of employment have no effect on workload. On the other hand, changing in the amount of workload, which have been assigned to the employee has no effect on their salary. But the employee’s workload is depended on the number of their colleagues, who are working in the same department. Therefore, it is considered as a criterion to determine the number of required secretary in administrative department. In conclusion, it is worth mentioning that suggested framework upon which the possibility of modifying the structure of continuous workload in, is provided order to evaluate employees and estimate the human resources required in government agencies using the results of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - The Role of Intellectual Elites in Cultural Policy in the First Pahlavi Period
Majid OstovarCultural policy is one of the most important tasks of governments in changing society from tradition to modernity. These governments use force to modernize the culture, economy and society. In these governments, intellectual elites play an important role in cultural pol MoreCultural policy is one of the most important tasks of governments in changing society from tradition to modernity. These governments use force to modernize the culture, economy and society. In these governments, intellectual elites play an important role in cultural policy-making and determine the executive agenda of governments. After the establishment of the Pahlavi regime, cultural policy became one of the main programs of political elites in Iran and the intellectual elite provided them with new cultural ideas. The purpose of this study is to critique the cultural policies of the first Pahlavi period from the perspective of intellectual and political elites. Therefore, by studying their writings, an attempt is made to study the cultural characteristics of the Pahlavi regime in the political and cultural modernization of Iran. The results of the study show that Reza Shah's centralization policies were able to establish security in Iran and rule the central government in Iran instead of tribes and nomads. This centralism was the result of the efforts of intellectual elites who emphasized authoritarian nation-building in their writings. Authoritarian modernization in the first Pahlavi period intensified social and political divisions and confrontations between tradition and modernity in the coming decades in Iran. This research is descriptive-analytical and the necessary data have been collected by documentary-historical method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Content Analysis of the First Secondary schoolThinking and Life Style Textbooks on the Basis of Paying Attention to Components of the Cultural Capital
mohammad herfati sobhani Moosa PiriThe purpose of the present research was the studying the degree of attention paid to components of the cultural capital in the first secondary school Thinking and Life Style textbooks. the present study is an applied and according method is quantitative that were used d MoreThe purpose of the present research was the studying the degree of attention paid to components of the cultural capital in the first secondary school Thinking and Life Style textbooks. the present study is an applied and according method is quantitative that were used descriptive and content analysis research method due to the nature of study.The population included in all content of first secondary schoolThinking and Life Style textbooks during 2015-2016 school year. The sample was equal population. The tool of research included in the self mode content analysis check-list cultural capital with regard to Bourdieu's theories that for estimate check-list validity, were used content validity. Reliability through scott method was calculated for l 89/45 percent . Frequency measurement method and Shannon entropy were used for data analysis. The findings study showed that the institutionalized component has the least degree of attention. Objectified component has sufficient coefficient Partially While the embodied component in spite The most relevant in Thinking and Lifestyle books No rightful place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Women and the development of schools
Khadije Kargarمدرسه پایه ای برای جهش به سوی دانش و معرفت است.پسشگامان ایجاد مدرسه شخصیت های والایی هستند که این جهش راایجاد و فراهم می آورند و باید قدر آن ها را بدانیم.تلاش آنها در جهت ارتقاءسطح دانش و شعور ذاتی زن ایرانی وآموزش او بی نتیجه نبوده است.چون در حال حاضر آمار نشان می دهد Moreمدرسه پایه ای برای جهش به سوی دانش و معرفت است.پسشگامان ایجاد مدرسه شخصیت های والایی هستند که این جهش راایجاد و فراهم می آورند و باید قدر آن ها را بدانیم.تلاش آنها در جهت ارتقاءسطح دانش و شعور ذاتی زن ایرانی وآموزش او بی نتیجه نبوده است.چون در حال حاضر آمار نشان می دهد که دختران ایرانی تحرکشان برای دست یابی به دانش کمتر از پسران نیست.زنان و دختران ایرانی در این صد و چهار سالی که از تاسیس اولین دبستان دوشیزگان توسط بی بی خانم استرآبادی می گذرد نشان دادند چقدر شایسته هستند.فرقی بین زن و مرد نیست ,ولی چون عرصه آموزش برای بانوان کمتر بود,اگر لنگی در کار بود سبب مبرم عرصه ی آموزش به دختران و بانوان بود والا وقتی تفاوت ها از میان برداشته شود آنها نیز لیاقت خود را نشان می دادند .اساسا نه تنها در ایران,که درتمامی مناطق جهان,ورود زنان به صحنه سیاست از جلوه های مدرنیته و پدیده ای نوظهور است .آنچه که در صحنه سیاست به صورت قاعده بوده,دوری و کناره گیری تاریخی زنان از سیاست است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Designing a desirable model of organizational citizenship behavior based on the employee service compensation system
majid jamshidi محمد جلال کمالی سعید صیادی نوید فاتحی راد mahdi Mohammad BagheriCitizenship behavior increases productivity and customer satisfaction. a service compensation system can be effective in strengthening this behavior. this research was carried out with the aim of designing a desirable model of organizational citizenship behavior based o MoreCitizenship behavior increases productivity and customer satisfaction. a service compensation system can be effective in strengthening this behavior. this research was carried out with the aim of designing a desirable model of organizational citizenship behavior based on the employee compensation system. The existing research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of the research is all the employees of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Kerman province in 1400. The sample size was selected by a simple random sampling method and 186 people were selected using Morgan's table. The data collection tool included two researcher-made questionnaires, a service compensation system with a validity of 0.84, and a reliability of 0.95, and an organizational citizen behavior questionnaire with a validity of 0.86 and reliability of 0.96. data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS version 23 software and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. the research results showed. There was a significant direct relationship between the organizational, managerial, psychological, and social dimensions of employee service compensation and organizational citizenship behavior. management and social dimensions are respectively the best predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Based on the research results, the proposed model improves the position of the service compensation system and organizational citizenship behavior Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Teachers' Performance and Job Self-Efficacy (Case Study: Teachers of the First Year of High School in Tehran 9th District Education Office )
Masoumeh Jafari fatemeh hamidifar baharak shirzad kubriaThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership with performance and job self-efficacy of first grade high school teachers in District 9 of Tehran. The present study is an applied descriptive research that has been conducted by surve MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership with performance and job self-efficacy of first grade high school teachers in District 9 of Tehran. The present study is an applied descriptive research that has been conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study is 295 first grade high school teachers in District 9 of Tehran, of which 167 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling and by distributing a questionnaire, the required data were collected. The research instruments are three standards of ethical leadership standard, standard performance questionnaire, and job self-efficacy questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between ethical leadership with job performance and self-efficacy of junior high school teachers in Tehran's 9th district. Changes in job performance and 39.9% of changes related to teacher self-efficacy explained by ethical leadership have an effect on teachers' self-efficacy more than job performance. Among the components of ethical leadership, fairness has the greatest impact and relationship with the discussion of job performance and job self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Quality and pathology of youth (12-17 years old) Leisurs in Lorestan province
Hossin MehrdadAbstract The current stdy deal with the quality and pathology of leisures of youths between 12 to 17 years old of Lorestan province. In so doing 620 youths (Who determined by using of Takman table, among with 360000 statistical population) and 150 youths problem MoreAbstract The current stdy deal with the quality and pathology of leisures of youths between 12 to 17 years old of Lorestan province. In so doing 620 youths (Who determined by using of Takman table, among with 360000 statistical population) and 150 youths problem experts (as whole) were selected by cluster sampling method and were given questionnaires. The result of study showed that: First, youths pass their leisures in cultural, recreation, free study, religious, skilled, desireable and undesieable roving, and sport activaties, second the major pathology of leisures are organizational-structural, cultural, insufficient public participating, economic position, weakness in giving information and shortage of motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - The effect of the first elementary science education guide based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran
Zahra Sabet Jahromi Khadijeh Abolmaali Ali Hosseini Khah Mekrdad Sabet Kianoosh HashemianThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching elementary education based on the imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran. The research method was quantitative and quasi-experime MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching elementary education based on the imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran. The research method was quantitative and quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and random sampling and sampling based on inclusion criteria were used. Thus, a girls 'primary school and a boys' primary school were randomly selected from among the primary schools in District 11 of Tehran. Then, according to the inclusion criteria, 24 of these students were selected from each school and assigned to two groups of 12 controls and experiments. The instrument of this research was the Questionnaire of Perceptions of Class Activities of Gentry et al (2002). The experimental group underwent 4 sessions of science education sessions based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that teaching science based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory improved the perception of classroom activities in all four components of interest, challenge, selectivity and pleasure. This study revealed the importance of using cognitive tools of imaginative education theory in education as an important way to improve students' perception of the classroom. So elementary school teachers can use this guide in the classroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - The influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first
Soumayeh Bakhshi parikhani Sadegh Hamedi NasabAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school female student MoreAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school female students in the academic year 1395-1394 the city Meshgin is studying. Multistage cluster sampling of 421 students were chosen girl. To collect data for this study from a test of mathematics achievement of first-choice school were used. In order to analyze the collected data, the descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics, methods of statistical correlation and t-test was used. For analysis software SPSS, BILOG was used. The results showed that the test instructions and Btb scoring methods according to the amount of C parameter estimation, and this effect is significant. Low levels of ability (3 to 5/1) the performance of students in the first run (without guessing) compared to the second run (with guess), but is better in the middle and upper levels will be able to see the result. The validity of test scores (25/0 low) and lower levels (25/0 high) better estimation of ability in the first run (without guessing) in the second run (with guess) is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Relationship between organizational justice and the desire to leave employees' jobs (Case study: National Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
Masomeh Vafajou ghonamhosin heydariAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and job vacancies (Case study: the country's national organization). The statistical population of this study consists of representatives from the tax disput MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and job vacancies (Case study: the country's national organization). The statistical population of this study consists of representatives from the tax dispute settlement authorities of the city and province of Tehran with 130 representatives. Because the entire statistical population of research is 130, so they are all selected as the sample society. In this research, two standards of organizational justice questionnaires were used by Nyeev and Murman using 20 items (three dimensions of distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice) and a 15-item questionnaire. This research is a descriptive and correlational study in terms of the purpose of a research The assumption of the normality of the data at the 5% significance level was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov technique and for data analysis, parametric tests (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis) and spss version 16 software were used. The findings of the research are based on the fact that there is a reverse correlation between all aspects of organizational justice and job vacancies of employees, that is, by increasing the organizational justice of consumers, the amount of job vacancies decreases. Keywords: Organizational Justice, Quit Employees Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Analysis of the content of work books and technology in terms of reflection of entrepreneurship components (Statistical Society:7 th, 8 th and 9 th grade Secondary Schools - Secondary School Secondary School)
پریوش محمدی قشلاقObjectives: The overall aim of this research is to investigate and identify the distribution of entrepreneurial components in the work content and technology curriculum content.Method: Content analysis method is used to achieve this goal. Also, for analyzing information MoreObjectives: The overall aim of this research is to investigate and identify the distribution of entrepreneurial components in the work content and technology curriculum content.Method: Content analysis method is used to achieve this goal. Also, for analyzing information, descriptive statistics methods such as frequency and percentage are used and for data presentation, graphs and tables are used.RESULTS: The results of the research showed that in the work books and High School of the 7th, 8th and 9th grades of primary schools and 10th grades of secondary education, 291 items were referred to entrepreneurship components, of which 60 (20.6%) % To the components of independence, 53 (18.2%) to prospective components, 51 (17.5%) to the internal control components, 48 (16.4%) to the motivation components of progression, 40 items (13.7%) were attributed to creativity components and 39 items (13.4%) to risky components. In addition, at the basic level of education, the greatest attention was paid to the components of entrepreneurship in the 10th grade with 98 cases (33.6%) and the least attention was observed in the 7th grade of the first high school with 56 cases (19.24%).Keywords: Entrepreneurship components, content analysis of workbooks and first and second High School. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Identifying the dimensions and components of the growth of employees of the Ministry of Labor Welfare and Social Affairs
Mohsen Akbari Mahmud Safari a. Delkhosh M.The sustainability and success of today's organizations depend on alignment with changes, development and growth in the organization. Organizational growth is the inevitable consequence of continuous environmental changes in today's era, which can cause organizational g MoreThe sustainability and success of today's organizations depend on alignment with changes, development and growth in the organization. Organizational growth is the inevitable consequence of continuous environmental changes in today's era, which can cause organizational growth and development. The main goal of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of the growth of employees of the Ministry of Labor Welfare and Social Affairs. The research method is practical from the point of view of the goal and based on the collection of information, it is a qualitative approach.Using the purposeful and snowball sampling method, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 senior managers and experts, experts of the Ministry of Labor Welfare and Social Affairs of Tehran, and the data were collected using open, central and selective coding through Max Kyuda 2020 software was analyzed. The results showed that the growth of employees in the Ministry of Labor Welfare and Social Affairs includes five dimensions of process growth, professional growth, individual growth, organizational growth and moral growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Similarity of Gnostics and Manichaean mythology with Najmoddin Razi’s Mirsad al-Ibad
Siamak NaderiMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in As MoreMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in Asia Minor, Egypt, and Rome where according to historians and scholars were the cradle of Gnostic and Manichaean thoughts and mythology therefore it is not surprising that Razi was acquainted with their mythology in this environment as he repeatedly refers to his acquaintance with the following sects such as Isma’ilis, Ebahieh, Molahedeh, and Tanasokhieh. Therefore, according to the evidence found in Mirsa al-Ibad this article is concerned with pointing out similarity in frameworks of some stories of Mirsad al-Ibad with Gnostic and Manichaean mythology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Semiotic Analysis of style in three illustrations of Shahnameh entitled “ Bahram kills a dragon”
Anahita Moghbeli Behnaz PayamaniAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics MoreAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics approach shades of meanings of a text. Artistic creation objectifies beauty and in Persian painter’s view the realm of beauty is synonymous with the ideal world. Space in Persian painting is a manifestation of the divine space and the artist in expressing it does not use a realistic language since his language is a language of sign and symbol. The purpose of this article is the comparative study of three paintings with the common title of “Bahram Gur kills a dragon” in three Shahnamehs, Sultan Abu Saeid (dated 730 HG), Shiraz School Shahnameh (dated 771 HG Kept at Top Kopi museum in Istanbul), and Mashhad-Qazvin School Shahnameh (dated 988 HG) respectively using semiotic and stylistic approach. First theideal world and its influence and reflection on the illustrations are discussed, then symbolic signs, figures and profiles in them are studied and in between, implicit meanings of dragon and theme of dragon killing are analyzed. Also Bahram’s character in myth and history are dealt with. The nature of this research is comparative, descriptive, and analytic. The outcome of the study shows that although the painter in portraying the original poetry is faithful, meanwhile he has not been a mere follower of the text but with choosing a selected part of the poem, he mingles it with imagination and artistic traditional values of his own era and in this way he presents his own creative portrayal of these themes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Mowlana’s kinship with Baha Valad, Plato, and Plonious
Fateme HeidariMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from differe MoreMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from different walks of life with his theosophic ideas and spiritual compositions. From what is understood by the content of Masnavi, the most important source in composing it is Koran and Islamic mystical intimations. Though Mowlana had a wealth of approaches and manuals to draw upon for his sufi practice, his theosophy and mysticism, one should look directly to his immediate formative influences his father, Baha Valad, his mentor Borhan-al Din Mohaqeq of Termez, and Shams Tabrizi to learn more about how and what he learned and taught. All that makes Masnavi a prism through which different modes of thoughts, Islamic, Persian, Greek, Indian, semitic, etc are reflected. The purpose of this article is to present points of similarity regarding various issues such as God, Salek, compatibility, love, and first abode in Plato, Baha Valad, and Mowlan’s thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Investigating the modernist activities of the first Pahlavi era in the Turkmen region of the Sahara
Ahmad Sardarzadeh amir akbari rajabali vosoghiTurkmen Sahra is a region in the west of Golestan province, which is located on the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea and in a wide plain called Gorgan Plain, adjacent to the Gamishan wetland. Turkmen Sahara currently includes 2 cities named Bandar Turkmen and Gamishan MoreTurkmen Sahra is a region in the west of Golestan province, which is located on the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea and in a wide plain called Gorgan Plain, adjacent to the Gamishan wetland. Turkmen Sahara currently includes 2 cities named Bandar Turkmen and Gamishan. The previous name of Bandar Turkmen was Bandar Shah, which was removed from the Gorgan subdivision in 1358 in terms of political divisions and became an independent city with the same name, and Gomishan, with the center of Gomish Tepe, is located in the north of this desert. Reza Shah's policies of modernization and modernization and as a result objectification of municipal law in Turkmen Sahara like other regions of the country along with the establishment and construction of ports and railways and the many traffics resulting from it, in addition to changing the appearance in the field of urban planning and creating It also established deep social infrastructures, changes and transformations and caused visible changes in the cultural and traditional structure of the people of this land, which included the discussion of converting old schools into new schools and changing the way of education. In this article, the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi and the goals of Reza Shah from these actions, the main of which was changing the traditional culture and restricting the Turkmen people, are analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - L1 and L2 Peer-scaffolding Techniques Affecting on EFL Learners' Writing Skill: Link to Cognitive Learning Theory
Mousa Ghonchepour Azar Bagheri Masoudzade Akram Shekarian BehzadiScaffolding and its relationship to second or foreign language learning has been studied in different aspects of interaction such as teacher-student or student-student interaction, called peer-scaffolding. Peer-scaffolding as its name suggests refers to student-student MoreScaffolding and its relationship to second or foreign language learning has been studied in different aspects of interaction such as teacher-student or student-student interaction, called peer-scaffolding. Peer-scaffolding as its name suggests refers to student-student help and cooperation in a situation that one student is more knowledgeable than the other. The researchers of the present study noticed the empty place of examining the effectiveness of peer scaffolding on language learners' writing skill in the extant literature. With a view to this, the main aim behind this study was to analyze the impact of peer scaffolding in L1 vs. L2 on Iranian EFL learner's writing development. To achieve this aim, out of 55 students who were selected based on available sampling, 44 of them participated in this study. That is to say, a pre-test of writing was administered to the participants at the beginning of the term to examine homogeneity of students. Then, they were randomly assigned in the two experimental groups (22 Ss in each). Posttest of writing in the form of essay writing was performed and scores were obtained and analyzed using SPSS Software. Careful analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between applications of the two languages in peer scaffolding writing. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between peer-scaffolding and student’s writing skill scores. The findings have some implications for EFL teacher education researchers, policy makers, curriculum developers, and teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Evaluation of urea starter fertilizer effects on weed interference in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation
Afshin Sajjadi Mojtaba Ahmadi1 Mohammad Barzali Nabiollah NematiA filed experiment was conducted to determine the effects of urea starter fertilizer and post emergence herbicide effects on weed interference in early season cotton production and some agronomic traits of cotton plants in Gorgan region (northeast Iran) in 2008. Experim MoreA filed experiment was conducted to determine the effects of urea starter fertilizer and post emergence herbicide effects on weed interference in early season cotton production and some agronomic traits of cotton plants in Gorgan region (northeast Iran) in 2008. Experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was weed management at four levels including early post emergence application of Methazole + Envoc in early cotton growth, late post emergence application of Methazole + Envoc in 15-20 cm cotton plant height period, early hand weeding and late hand weeding in cotton growth season, and four levels of starter fertilizer as the second factor were 0, 50, 100 and 150 percent of recommended dosage of urea starter fertilizer (175 kg.ha-1), respectively. Planted cotton cultivar was Siokra, one of commercial verities in Golestan province. Late hand weeding and late herbicide application resulted in the highest amounts of whole weed biomass 10 day after weed control (W1) and a month after weed control (W2). Increasing urea starter fertilizer level increased weed biomass 10 day after weed control, but decreased it a month after weed control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Antecedents and consequences of promotion mix in service organizations (Tax Affairs Organization case study)
Seyed Akbar Manjegani Amir Ghafourian Shagerdi golnar shojaeibaghiniThe purpose of this research is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of promotion mixed in service organizations (case study: Khorasan Razavi Tax Affairs Organization). The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data c MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of promotion mixed in service organizations (case study: Khorasan Razavi Tax Affairs Organization). The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research was the clients of Tax Affairs Organization in Razavi Khorasan. The sample size was selected based on the number of 5-10 items in the questionnaire, and finally 196 people were selected as a sample, and the available questionnaires were distributed among them by non-probability sampling method. Available questionnaires were distributed among them. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used for content validity and experts' opinions, construct validity using factor loadings, and finally for reliability, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used, which finally confirmed the validity and reliability. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. One of the results is that the resources of the organization and people have an effect on the promotion mix. Also, the promotion mix has an effect on the functional value, social responsibility and social capital in the tax affairs organization. Finally, the effect of social responsibility and functional value on the social capital of the organization was confirmed. Manuscript profile
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