Study of the Agricultural Landscape Evolution in Mazandaran Province in the First Pahlavi Era

Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning Studies

Mehrdad  Divsalar ¹ (Ph.D. in History and Civilization Islamic Nations, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran)
Mohammad Taqi  Rahnamaei ² (Associate, Dep. of Geography & Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammad Husain  Farajiha ³ (Assistant, Dep. of History and Civilization Islamic Nations, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran)
Mohammad  Mahmodpour ⁴ (Assistant, Dep. Of Geography, Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2018-06-30 Accepted : 2019-04-26 Published : 2020-06-21

Keywords: Mazandaran, First Pahlavi, Agricultural Landscape, Open field Landscape, Orchard Landscape, Hill Landscape,

Abstract :

The cultural landscape of the people of Mazandaran, which in the period under study, the first Pahlavi Era (1925-1941), included a limited geography of the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan today from the western extremity of Ramsar to the eastern extremity of Maraveh Tappeh ;were scattered throughout history due to the diversity of climatic conditions and natural geography in the three geographical units of plain, Foothills and mountainous regions and based on the agricultural-livestock economics. Before the first Pahlavi, the geographical Landscape of the Mazandaran settlements was a stationary situation, but with the special policies of the first Pahlavi in the direction of modernization of Iran, there was a tremendous development in Mazandaran geographic Landscape. The present study aims to investigate the changes and evolutions in the Mazandaran agriculture geography in the first Pahlavi era from the viewpoint of the Landscape school. The landscape model examines nature changes in historical periods in a specific geography based on the applied policies. Due to the policy of modernization, many corrective programs were implemented in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province. Mazandaran agricultural landscapes were changed by the first Pahlavi activities in order to mechanize Mazandaran agriculture and commercialization and industrialization of agricultural products. The modern state added a lot of land to the total agricultural land of Mazandaran by conquering nature and dominating it by drying the marshes and drainage, building a dam and bridge, and inhibiting the outbreak of water and dominating the water resources. As a result, the open field landscape, which until then was only the Mazandaran agricultural landscape, expanded vastly. New lands were also allocated in plain and foothill areas on plains and hills to cultivate new crops and to create orchard and hill Landscapes.

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