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Open Access Article
1 - Evolution of Mazandaran Rural Cultural Landscape During the First Pahlavi Era
Mehrdad Divsalar Mohammad Hossein Farajiha Mohammad Noormohammadi NajafabadiThe first Pahlavi era is a turning point in the historical geography of Mazandaran in the view of landscape school. Major changes occurred in different parts of the geographical landscape of Mazandaran during this period. Urban livelihoods and morphology evolved, modern MoreThe first Pahlavi era is a turning point in the historical geography of Mazandaran in the view of landscape school. Major changes occurred in different parts of the geographical landscape of Mazandaran during this period. Urban livelihoods and morphology evolved, modern reforms took place in agriculture and industry and also the rural cultural landscape changed a great deal. The evolution of rural cultural landscape was influenced by various factors. Research findings indicate that modernization of agriculture, creation of railways, industry, and especially fisheries and rural migration which were influenced by various factors, were the most important components of evolving rural cultural landscape during the first Pahlavi era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Talent Management Strategy and it's Effect on the Employees' Organizational Commitment: (Case Study: Staff of Mazandaran University)
کاوه تیمورنژاد محبوبه علیجانپورBackground and Purpose:Today, developing talent management is one of the major factors of business and a key component of sustainable competitive advantage inorganizations. The present study aimed at identifying the effect of talent management strategy on organizational MoreBackground and Purpose:Today, developing talent management is one of the major factors of business and a key component of sustainable competitive advantage inorganizations. The present study aimed at identifying the effect of talent management strategy on organizational commitment among employees of Mazandaran University. Methods : The study was a descriptive survey in terms of research methodology and it was an applied research based on its goal.The population consisted of all employees (n= 540) of Mazandaran University with high school diploma or higher, out of whom 225 participants were randomly selected using Cochran's formula. Data were collected using Swim's Talent Management Questionnaire (2009) and Allen and Meyer's Organizational Commitment Inventory (1990)which their validities were calculated through face validity and their reliabilitywas measured through Cronbach's alpha. Findings:The research findings indicated that the talent management strategy had positive effect on organizational commitment In this study, the components of “reward and granting” had the greatest impact on the organizational commitment. Conclusion: By Finding this reseach, it is necessary for managers of any organization to optimally implement talent management strategy in their organization in order to attract, recruit, and develop skilled and talented people leading to increased productivity of their organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identification of indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province
Fazel Zareian Baghgah saeid emamgholizadeh Mehrdad MataniBackground: The phenomenon of outsourcing is a new thing in organizational affairs and administrative systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province.Method: The statistical pop MoreBackground: The phenomenon of outsourcing is a new thing in organizational affairs and administrative systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators and status of outsourcing in the executive organs of Mazandaran province.Method: The statistical population of the qualitative section included experts including the heads, managers and supervisors of outsourcing projects of the executive organs of Mazandaran province and the statistical population of the quantitative part also included senior managers, middle managers and managers and employees of the executive organs. The sample size was 11 in the qualitative section and 228 in the quantitative section. Findings: Considering all the indicators except the criteria for taking necessary measures for outsourcing in the organization, the organization in outsourcing, transferring new technical knowledge from other organizations and companies to the organization during outsourcing and creating high capacity With outsourcing of services, the citizens do not change the amount of money they pay to provide outsourcing services and the index of checking the place of outsourcing in the contract is in a good position.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the executive bodies of Mazandaran province are fully prepared in terms of outsourcing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluating Necessity of Urban Planning Undergraduate Education in Iran
Hossein Bahrainy Elham Fallah ManshadiWhile there are crucial debates about urban planning education - whether to have both undergraduate and graduate levels, or only graduate level education, 70 percent of urban planning students in Iran studied in undergraduate level. There are different ideas in this iss MoreWhile there are crucial debates about urban planning education - whether to have both undergraduate and graduate levels, or only graduate level education, 70 percent of urban planning students in Iran studied in undergraduate level. There are different ideas in this issue. Some believe that urban planning education should be presented just at the graduate level. Some, on the other hand, while accept the interrelationship of urban planning decision-making on other disciplines, but emphasize on the abilities of the planner with undergraduate education and also the possibility of getting into urban planning field at the age of 18-19. Some experts focus on the importance of urban planning at the undergraduate level since 1991 and believe that undergraduate education of urban planning become so important because of financial problems. Main question in this paper is: “could there be and any justification for the undergraduate education in urban planning in Iran, or not”? Questioners and interview methods were used to collect the required information. A total of 187 questionnaires were filled by planning directors and instructors, lectures and graduates of eleven universities throughout the country. In addition 12 depth interview has been done by famous planners in Iran. We asked them about the necessity of undergraduate level of urban planning and role of this level graduates in society. The study results show 87.2 percent of respondents think that undergraduate education is necessary in urban planning in Iran. The result of the interviews also shows the same idea. They noted to some reasons like independent identity for urban planning, society need, expanding urban challenges and lack of professional people and experts, infusion of holistic view from 18 years old, good effects of graduates, short time for familiarity with urban issues in gradate level (2 year), introduction for choosing future branch, preparing urban experts of governance and other organizations. People who were against undergraduate level stated some reasons like interdisciplinary identity of urban planning, unmeaning less subjects and contents, overlapping between undergraduate and graduate lessons. Based on this research undergraduate level is necessary for urban planning in Iran because of professional and academic reasons. It is expected that urban planners with Bachelor degree more deal with urban topics with smaller scale and less complexity (such as the comprehensive plan of rural and small towns) and participation in gathering data and describing the status quo in the urban development plan for different scale. The key point is revising in educational content in graduate level and focusing on make it more proficiency and analytical. The remarkable thing is increasing in the number of undergraduate students in urban planning especially in some kind of universities like Azad, Payamenoor and nonprofit University. Because of the weakness of the ratio of the number of students to lecture in this kind of university, the subject would be a serious problem in urban planning. In addition, this increasing is not based on the market demand and it could lead to a lot of problems for graduates of Bachelor's in urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Recognition the Sociological and Architectural Components based on Geographical Segmentation Technique by Value-normative Paradigm
Mobina Rouhi Darab Diba Naser Fakouhi -
Open Access Article
6 - Mazandaran Sea in the Arena of the World Policy, Juridical Regime, National Interest, and General Security
Mir Tayyeb i Mousav“The Caspian Sea”, as it is called “Darya-ye Khazar” (meaning “Khazar sea”) or “ DaryayeMazandaran” (“Mazandaran Sea”) in Iran, and “Bahr Al-Qazvin” which means “QazvinSea” on Arab maps, More“The Caspian Sea”, as it is called “Darya-ye Khazar” (meaning “Khazar sea”) or “ DaryayeMazandaran” (“Mazandaran Sea”) in Iran, and “Bahr Al-Qazvin” which means “QazvinSea” on Arab maps, is the largest inland body of water in the world. However, either “KhazarSea” or “Mazandaran Sea”, is a questionable matter which needs to be explicated. Asecond issue raised is that according to the rules principles of the International Law, is itclassed as a lake or a full-fledged sea? How has it been exploited in the time before andafter the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1917 and why after in the time before and afterthe dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1917 and why after the collapse of the former USSR,the geo-politic status of the region calls the attention of the World Policy? How importantare natural resources of sea food, quality of shipping cargos and seaports conditions to thecoastal communities? Moreover, the quantity of oil and gas resources under the sea bed,underwater spots rich in natural resources and efficient allocation of fossil fuel among thecountries bounded the sea are the world’s important issues together with Juridical Regime,Methods of shipping resources to the port and international markets are important strategicelements for the countries enclosed the sea as well as regional effective and the world’ssuperpowers. However, the debates have been encompassing a vast range of subjects inthe past two decades include the strategies of Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan andTurkmenistan about allocation of sea bed resources and juridical regime and the role ofthe federation of Russia and Turkey and the strategy of European Union and the U.S.A inplanning the pipe routes, piping and transferring oil and gas convoys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Estimation and Determinant Factors of Willingness to Pay for Improving Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study for Mazandaran Province
سعید راسخی سیده راهبه حسینی طالعیIn this paper, data from a survey of 1300 households from four cities of Mazandaran province were used to study people's willingness to pay for improvements in drinking water quality. This aggregate willingness to pay can serve as an estimate of benefits to consumers fr MoreIn this paper, data from a survey of 1300 households from four cities of Mazandaran province were used to study people's willingness to pay for improvements in drinking water quality. This aggregate willingness to pay can serve as an estimate of benefits to consumers from improvements in drinking water quality in the region. In this study, we asked the residents to express their preferences for quality of drinking water. The contingent valuation method was used to estimate willingness to pay using both open-ended and close-ended formats. We have also estimated the most important determinate factors of people's willingness to pay for improvements in quality of drinking water. Results of our research showed that: 1) The willingness to pay is between 33,120 and 37,710 Rials a month per family and between 1,370 and 1,550 Rials per cubic meter of drinking water. 2) The most important determinant factors of people's willingness to pay are: The size of the family, income, marital status, and the level of education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Entrepreneurial University, a Necessity for Knowledge-Based Economy; Evaluation and Explanation of Entrepreneurial Capacity of University of Mazandaran
Hossein Samadi Hamzeh Samadi -
Open Access Article
9 - Identifying the Pattern of Social Networks in Promoting Mazandaran's Social Capital
Shahriar Sajedi Reisi Davood Doagouyan Ali Rahmani Firuzjaee Majedeh Gholipoor -
Open Access Article
10 - Factors Influencing Rural Women Participation in Agricultural Extension Programs, Case Study Mazandaran, Iran
Sh. Soltani A. Ahmadpour S. Feali -
Open Access Article
11 - Hydrological drought intensity classification with SMMD30 index (Case study of snowy-icy flow regime rivers in Mazandaran province)
Miromid HadianiDrought occurrence is more than wet years in the North of Iran, while no specific climatic trend has been observed in the region in terms of declining precipitation in the years leading up to recent decades. In terms of spatial pattern, the occurrence of droughts and we MoreDrought occurrence is more than wet years in the North of Iran, while no specific climatic trend has been observed in the region in terms of declining precipitation in the years leading up to recent decades. In terms of spatial pattern, the occurrence of droughts and wet years did not follow a specific trend and mostly did not have special synchronicity and coordination between different regions of the province. In this study, the intensity of hydrological droughts in the rivers with a snowy-icy flow regime in Mazandaran province was studied and classified (weak, severe, and very severe) by sequence theory method with the standard index of minimum flow of 30 days. The independence of the hydrological behavior of the rivers, especially in drought status, the differences in the topographic and physical attributes of watersheds, the independence of the minimum discharge threshold in drought conditions, and consequently the difference in the microclimates caused that this index was different even in different seasons of the year. The very severe intensity index of the Chalous river was -1.486 in the autumn and this index was -0.743 in Cheshmeh Kile river with a similar hydrologic regime and at the same time, in the regional analysis, it was possible to express the classification index of the very severe intensity of hydrological drought in the snowy-icy flow regime was -1.385 in the autumn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluating Efficiency of Forest-Trees Felling Motor-Manual Groups Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method in West of Mazandaran Province
Morteza Madanipour Kermanshahi Leila KaramaliThe efficiency of motor-manual groups in process of felling trees is less than expected in some utilization groups, which indicates the needs for improving the performance of these groups. The first step of the efficiency improvement is the evaluation of the current &lr MoreThe efficiency of motor-manual groups in process of felling trees is less than expected in some utilization groups, which indicates the needs for improving the performance of these groups. The first step of the efficiency improvement is the evaluation of the current ‎status of these groups. In this study, the felling groups were randomly ‎selected in 12 gropes from the forests of West Mazandaran. Each group included 2 and 3 operator (a total of 24 groups). The characteristics of each group (the number of people, system cost, chainsaw hours-of-operation and the cutting wood volume) were collected for three working days. The required diagrams (number of felled trees, the cutting wood volume, system cost, hours of operation and chainsaw hours-of-operation) were prepared and investigated by GAMS software. The number of people, system cost, chainsaw hours-of-operation as well as the cutting wood volume was designed as input and output variables, respectively. The data were also analysed through data envelopment analysis (DEA). The DEA results indicated that the effectiveness of managerial, technical and inductive were 0/9215, 0/8016, and 0/8671 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Mazandaran social media and social and cultural capital
davood doagooyan shahriar sajedi Ali Rahmani Firoozjah majedeh gholipourBackground and Aim: Social media has an important role in strengthening the relations and symbolic unity of society. The development of social networks based on communication theories has caused many changes in people's behavior and mentality, and this study aims to exa MoreBackground and Aim: Social media has an important role in strengthening the relations and symbolic unity of society. The development of social networks based on communication theories has caused many changes in people's behavior and mentality, and this study aims to examine the role of media in Mazandaran province in promoting social and cultural capital.Method: The method of this research is applied and in terms of implementation method, the method is mixed. In the qualitative section, by conducting semi-structured interviews, the role of these media in the production of social and cultural capital is obtained and then evaluated in a quantitative manner. The statistical population is the qualitative part of the elite and the quantitative part are experts in the field of social capital who were selected by probabilistic sampling method. Qualitative data were tested using coding and quantitative data were tested using statistical analysis.Research results: The results show that the role of social media in Mazandaran has played a role in the production of social and cultural capital, which include cooperation and mutual discourse, - Criticism of the performance of officials holding joint meetings (Club House) - Establishing online communication between groups - Interaction between NGOs has been to increase media literacy - to increase public awareness - to produce media content - to persuade to send messages to others, to give the right information to the audience - to tailor the messages to the needs of the audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Designing a Customer Loyalty Model in the Hotel Industry with a Sports Tourism Planning Approach (Case Study of Hotels in Mazandaran Province)
Ali Jersarai Morteza Dosti Pasha Seyed Hossein Alavi Farshad amamiThe purpose of this study is to design a customer loyalty model in the hotel industry with a sports tourism planning approach in Mazandaran province. The research method in this qualitative research is inductive in the field of paradigm and is derived from a semi-struct MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a customer loyalty model in the hotel industry with a sports tourism planning approach in Mazandaran province. The research method in this qualitative research is inductive in the field of paradigm and is derived from a semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes all university professors in the field of sports and sports management who have studied in this field. Sampling was performed using theoretical method and purposeful judgment method and was followed until theoretical saturation was reached, which includes a total of 38 experts. The results of the quality section showed that customer loyalty in the hotel industry includes 48 concepts and 5 dimensions (hospitality, service, product quality, facilities, trust) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The prevalence of fungal agents in different parts of hatcheries in the Mazandaran Province, Iran
H. Taheri, A. Sharifzadeh, G. Akbari, H. Boj-Mehrani,Today, modern hatchery plays an important role in the development of the poultry industry.However, the arrival of large numbers of eggs to hatchery increase the likelihood of infectionwith various microorganisms, especially fungal and bacterial contamination. Characteri MoreToday, modern hatchery plays an important role in the development of the poultry industry.However, the arrival of large numbers of eggs to hatchery increase the likelihood of infectionwith various microorganisms, especially fungal and bacterial contamination. Characterization ofmicrobial contamination and the prevention of this type pollutions can lead to decreasing theincidence of disease in day-old chicks and prevent economic losses. The aim of the currentstudy was to determine fungal contamination in different parts of Mazandaran provincehatcheries. The samples were taken from different parts of hatcheries through a passivesedimentation method onto Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and incubatedat 30˚C for 7–10 days. Furthermore, the type and number of fungal colonies were recorded.Fungal isolates belonged to seven genera: Aspergillus (87.8%), Mucor (4.3%), Penicillium(3.5%), Rhizopus (1.6%), Fusarium (1.4%), Alternaria (0.7%) and Cladosporium (0.7%).Aspergillus was the most common genera of isolated fungi and Aspergillus flavus with the15361 (71.4%) number of colonies was the most common fungal species isolated from theincubation systems. In general, Setter and Hatcher rooms were the most polluted parts of theincubators. According to high pollution of hatchery centers with various fungi, especiallyAspergillus species Trying to diagnose, Prevent and eliminate of these contaminations seemnecessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Granulometric variation of river suspended sediments due to sand and gravel mining (case study: Vaz River)
Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi Sudabe GharemahmudliThe correct determination and prediction of sediment transportation by the river is very important for water resources management, flood reduction and environmental sustainability projects. Analysis of sediment particle size can show important information about the orig MoreThe correct determination and prediction of sediment transportation by the river is very important for water resources management, flood reduction and environmental sustainability projects. Analysis of sediment particle size can show important information about the origin, history, transportation and deposition conditions of the sediment. However, this matter has been less considered. This study was therefore conducted at Vaz River located in Mazandaran Province to investigate effects of sand harvesting on morphometric characteristics of suspended sediments at upstream and downstream of the study mine. For this purpose, monthly samplings were made at upstream and downstream of the mine from February 2012 to January 2013. The particle sizes of suspended sediment were measured by Master Sizer and corresponding distribution and specifications including mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis were also analyzed by the GRADISTAT software package. The range of variations of D10, D50, D90, and average particle size of the study samples were obtained as 0.34-1.12, 3.24-13.41, 14.12-90.74 and 3.19-11.45 microns. In addition, changes of sorting, skewness and kurtosis were found from 3.11 to 6.38, -0.13 to -0.32 and 0.88 to 1.29, respectively. Mines discontinuous activity and distance between study mines and sampling locations could be considered as main factors behind non-significant effects of sand and gravel mining on changing suspended sediment particle size distribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Strategic Management of Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Coastal Areas by Using SWOT Model and QSPM Matrix (Case Study: Mazandaran Province)
Zahra Samadi Tari Jafar Nouri Reza ArjmandiIntroduction: In recent years, the uncontrolled tourism development trend in the coastal areas of Mazandaran province, without taking into account the sustainable development principles and land suitability, has led to adverse environmental impacts and further damage to MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the uncontrolled tourism development trend in the coastal areas of Mazandaran province, without taking into account the sustainable development principles and land suitability, has led to adverse environmental impacts and further damage to this area. Therefore, the current study aims to organize tourism activities by providing a strategic plan and appropriate to the region to assist the land management process in mentioned coastal areas.Material and Methods: The present study has been carried out in three stages. In the first step, the Internal and External Factors Evaluation (IFE and EFE) matrices were prepared. In the second step, the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) matrix was developed, and accordingly strategies were presented. In the third stage, by preparing the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the strategies were evaluated and superior strategies were selected.Results and Discussion: In the IFE matrix the highest weighted score was assigned to state of the environment studies and in the EFE matrix proximity to Tehran is the highest. According to the results, 25 strategies extracted from internal and external factors of strategic management of tourism in coastal areas of Mazandaran province. Based on comparison of mentioned strategies, SO3 strategy (coastal tourism development in the region based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management) is the first step in the strategic management goals of coastal tourism. WT1 (Modifying tourism development policies based on strategic studies) and WT2 (implementation of environmental management mechanisms such as Strategic Environmental Assessment) strategies are respectively, in the second and third priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of climate change on land usage and agricultural sector performance in Mazandaran province
Alireza Keikha Ahmad Khanlary Ahmad Ali Keikha Mahmood SabouhiBackground and Objective: Climate change is today's problem and tomorrow's crisis. In this study, the effect of climate change on selected products and land usage was investigated in four regions in Mazandaran province. Method: Firstly, time series variables of tempera MoreBackground and Objective: Climate change is today's problem and tomorrow's crisis. In this study, the effect of climate change on selected products and land usage was investigated in four regions in Mazandaran province. Method: Firstly, time series variables of temperature and rainfall were examined during 1981-2012. Also we study the effect of annual mean temperature and rainfall, as the proxies of climate change, on the performance of under-cultivation wheat, barley and rice farms by using regression analysis from 1981 to2012. In the next step, the scenario effect of increasing 1-degree temperature and deceasing 1-mm precipitation on land usage and performance of agricultural crops were analyzed using regression analysis and considering them in Positive Math Programming model (PMP). Findings: The results of regression analysis showed that there was a noticeable temperature increase and rainfall decrease. In addition, they showed that climate change has a significant effect on wheat, barley and rice performance. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of PMP model analysis showed a change in land use to increase rice and barley cultivation. The findings show that the climate change effect is not necessarily negative on all crops, so we can pay attention to the positive effects as well and utilize them in optimum exploitation of resources and the region's facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of Effective Ecological Design Criteria on Designing Chehelsetoon Garden
vahid heidarnattaj Ferial AhmadiBackground and Objective: The current study is applied to assess structural elements of landscape mosaic of Chehelsetoon garden to identify whether ecological design criteria have influenced on Chehelsetoon garden design or not.Material and Methodology: Descriptive- ana MoreBackground and Objective: The current study is applied to assess structural elements of landscape mosaic of Chehelsetoon garden to identify whether ecological design criteria have influenced on Chehelsetoon garden design or not.Material and Methodology: Descriptive- analytical has been used in three steps. Firstly, design criteria of Persian gardens have been studied. Secondly, design features of Chehelsetoon garden have been analyzed and compared with Persian garden criteria. Then adaption degree of design features of Chehelsetoon with Persian garden criteria has been determined.Findings: The results of the current research indicate that rectangular shapes are the main pattern of the landscape of studied area. In addition, continuous mass and rectangular shapes are recognized as the pattern of surrounding green spaces of the Chehelsetoon garden. It should be noted that green space of the main axis of garden is continuous strip patterns.Discussion and Conclusion: Using water in contrast with high humidity of the environment, land morphology intervention, incompatibility with vernacular landscape and using Persian garden pattern and planting non-native trees and flowers (evergreen trees) in the main axis of garden show that designer concentrate on developing Persian garden patters instead of ecological design criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Prioritization of the factors effective on urban development and zonation using Ecological and Information Value and Correlation Models (A case study in Mazandaran Province)
eisa jokar sarhangi Mohmmadali Zangeneh AsadiBackground and Objective: It is important to determine the ecological capacity of zones for appropriate location of urban places. In zonation these are different factor. The study attempts prioritize these factors and to develop the zonation map of the province of Mazan MoreBackground and Objective: It is important to determine the ecological capacity of zones for appropriate location of urban places. In zonation these are different factor. The study attempts prioritize these factors and to develop the zonation map of the province of Mazandaran using models of ecological urban development, information value and correlation. Method: At first, effective ecological factors in determining appropriate zonation for urban development in the form of information layers were developed in Arc GIS environment the urban development ecological model was used for determining range of each class. However for calculating the weight of classes in each factor model of information value was used through comparing areas of cities in each class with the whole area. The weight of factors effective on zonation was calculated using the appropriate weight for each layer and implementing the above mentioned models. Findings: Results show that elevation of 0-400 and 1200-1800 meters, slope of 0-6 percents, the northern direction, quaternary fluvial, precipitation of less than 500 and higher 800 millimeters, wet of less than 60 percents and vegetation density of 30 -60 percents are appropriate for urban development. Discussion and Conclusion: factors of soil, lithology, elevation, slope, vegetation, wet, rain and aspect received the highest to the lowest priority in location of urban areas and obtaining zonation map respectively. Evaluation of the models indicated the information value is of a higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Feasibility study of Caspian Sea water for the cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago spp.) In Mazandaran plain areas
reza tamartash zahra zamani Mohammad Reza Tatian mohammadreza reyahiBackground and Objective: Using seawater to produce crops is one way to combat this dehydration. For use of seawater, saline species should be selected according to the existing conditions. Species that is able to grow in saline conditions and desirable performance. The MoreBackground and Objective: Using seawater to produce crops is one way to combat this dehydration. For use of seawater, saline species should be selected according to the existing conditions. Species that is able to grow in saline conditions and desirable performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of saline species with seawater so that plants with high forage yield and compatible with the environment can be selected and proposed for cultivation in coastal lands of Mazandaran. Method: In order to survey of halophyte forage plants characteristics, a factorial experiment was conducted at Research Station of Sari Natural Resources Faculty in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. The test factors included four Medicag polymorpha, Medicag scutellata, Medicago litoralis, Medicago truncatula and five sea saline water levels (0.6, 3.8, 6.4, 9.6, and 14.2) ds/m. Findings: The result of Analysis of variance showed that germination percentage in electrical conductivity, 3.8, 6.4 and 9.6 ds/m, there was not seen a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between two species (M. polymorpha and M. scutellata) and species (M. truncatula and M. litoralis). During the establishment phase (60 days), there was a significant difference between each species (p ≤ 0.05). In electrical conductivity of 3.8 and 6.4, M. polymorpha species showed a significant difference with other species, but there was no significant difference between the other three species. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that M. polymorha, M.scutellata species show more tolerance in salinity conditions (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Assessing the Relationship between Physical Healing Components of Educational Environments and Mental Health of Users (Case Study: Students of University of Mazandaran)
Rouhollah Rahimi Farnaz RazaniBackground and Objective: People spend many hours of their lives in educational places, so the impact of environmental factors on mental health and stress can not be ignored. Considering the effect of university environment on students which is an environment with high MoreBackground and Objective: People spend many hours of their lives in educational places, so the impact of environmental factors on mental health and stress can not be ignored. Considering the effect of university environment on students which is an environment with high stress and tension, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of physical healing components by determining the healing environmental factors in university from the perspective of environmental psychology. Material and Methodology: In this research, survey and correlation research methods have been used. The statistical population of the study includes Students of Mazandaran University. Multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests were used to measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Also, factor analysis test was used to examine the effect of variables and Kolmograph-Smirnov statistical test was used to determine the normality of research data distribution. Finding: The effect of the independent variables of "spatial organization and function" and "memorization" on the dependent variable of satisfaction with the educational environment is significant and therefore effective. Discussion & Conclusion: By improving the quality of "spatial organization and performance" and "memorable" with special attention to "quality of materials" and "cleanliness" to increase satisfaction, University of Mazandaran can reach a higher level of vitality and peace between Users and students. Strategies to improve the impact of healing in the educational environments are: paying attention to the dimensions of the classrooms; Variety of spaces; Input by creating a sense of invitation and welcome; Flexible spaces; Collective and public spaces; Cozy spaces; Green space and vegetation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Assessment of Intelligent models for Estimating the Electrical Conductivity in Groundwater (Case study: Mazandaran plain)
Isa Hazbavi Reza DehghaniAbstract Background and Objective: Groundwater resources along with surface water supply the needs for municipal, industrial and agriculture uses, and their quantity and quality should be investigated. Salinity is one of the most important parameters in assessing the qu MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Groundwater resources along with surface water supply the needs for municipal, industrial and agriculture uses, and their quantity and quality should be investigated. Salinity is one of the most important parameters in assessing the quality of groundwater. Method: In this study, application of artificial neural networks and Bayesian network in predicting the electrical conductivity in 8 observation wells in Mazandaran plain was investigated. For this purpose, hydrogen carbonate, chloride, sulfate, calcium and magnesium were selected as input and output parameters for electrical conductivity at monthly a scale during 2003-2013. The criteria of correlation coefficient, mean absolute error and Nash Sutcliff coefficient were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Findings: The results showed that artificial neural network model has the highest correlation coefficient (0.989), the lowest mean absolute error (0.019 ds/m) and the highest standard of Nash Sutcliffe (0.970) ranked the first priority in the validation phase. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate acceptable capability of artificial neural network models to estimate the electrical conductivity of groundwater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Assessment of Mercury Concentrations in Liver and Hair tissues of Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in Central Mazandaran Province Coastline
Hassan Malvandi Abbas Esmaili-Saria Seyed Mahmoud GhasempouriaIntroduction: The goal of this study was determination of concentration of mercury in hairand liver tissues of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), and to determine the relation betweenthe mercury concentration in liver and hair and body weight and length, and sex. These d MoreIntroduction: The goal of this study was determination of concentration of mercury in hairand liver tissues of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), and to determine the relation betweenthe mercury concentration in liver and hair and body weight and length, and sex. These datawere then used to evaluate the suitability of using hair as a noninvasive technique for determiningbody burdens of mercury.Materials and Methods: Liver and hair samples from golden jackal were collected from Noorin the central coastline Mazandaran province. The samples of this study were taken fromroad-killed. The mercury was measured by the LECO AMA 254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer (USA)according to ASTM, standard No. D-6722.Result and Discussion: There wasn’t any significant difference neither between sexes nor in tissues.On the contrary, positive and significant differences (p>0.05) were found between mercury level inhair with weight and length of body. Mercury level was generally low; they do not reach levels thatare known to cause potential adverse effects in animals. It's probably to be a first study for goldenjackal for this purpose, and also this probe suggested easy and non-invasive sampling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Socioeconomic and Environmental Situation Analysis of Mazandaran Province with Conceptual Model Approach DPSIR
maryam robati elham ghazanchaeiPlanning and policymaking in the field of economic, social, and environmental development of the province requires having accurate information about the region. Land cover in Mazandaran province is changing rapidly due to high population densities, high rates of immigra MorePlanning and policymaking in the field of economic, social, and environmental development of the province requires having accurate information about the region. Land cover in Mazandaran province is changing rapidly due to high population densities, high rates of immigrants, favorable natural conditions, multiplicity of industrial units, coastal borders and huge construction trends in the recent saline. It is clear that the balanced and imbalanced development of geographic spaces requires careful and comprehensive examination of economic, social, and cultural issues, and a better understanding of the needs of the community and their improvement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the predisposing and effective factors on natural resources and ecosystems of Mazandaran province. This research is a descriptive-analytic study based on library studies and comprehensive review and search of electronic databases in order to fully identify Mazandaran province in terms of economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects, and then assess the status of the province based on the analytical framework of the DPSIR model. The results of the study indicate an increase in the area of residential, agricultural, rangeland, road, transportation and fall in the forests of the province. This study was also used to increase population density, agricultural development, roads development, industrial development, urban development and propellants forces. The results of the study showed that the DPSIR model can classify diverse information about the province's conditions in order to provide this information to policymakers for possible responses, and this is why the method has been rapidly increasing in recent decades by researchers and policymakers in use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - investigation of DDT' s Ccentration ïn muscle Issue of Rutilus Fris On southeast of caspian sea
Ali Mashinchian Abass Esmaili Sari Seied Mohamad reza Fatemi Eslami Ameneh BineshIn this study species samples of the most consumed fishes , Sefid , with scientific name of Rutilus FrissiKutum has been analyzed for concentraition on one of organochlorine pesticides as DDT.Sampleshave been captured on 5 staitions(Bandartorkaman, Khazarabad,Fereidunke MoreIn this study species samples of the most consumed fishes , Sefid , with scientific name of Rutilus FrissiKutum has been analyzed for concentraition on one of organochlorine pesticides as DDT.Sampleshave been captured on 5 staitions(Bandartorkaman, Khazarabad,Fereidunkener,Noor and Chalous)in twoprovinces in the south of caspian sea (Mazandaran and Golestan). Determination of this pesticideconcentration was performed by gas chromatography equipped with electron-capture detector(GC-ECD).Asresult ,average of DDT concentration in the samples of the whole area is about 0.0035 ppm per fat weight.Sample of chalous station has the highest concentration than the others (0.016 ppm per fat weight) and Bandartorkaman &Fereidun kener with 0.0003 ppm per fat weight have the minimum concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effects of livestock and forest dweller exclusion on natural regeneration in Abbas-Abad forest, Mazandaran province
Majid Tohidy Javad Jalali Farshad Yazdian Mohammad Naghi Adel Roghayeh Jiroudnezhad Mohammad Reza Azarnoosh Javad Sadegh KuhestaniOne of the main destruction factors in north forests is grazedby animals that destroys plant species. Hence, evaluation of livestock exit planning has been done at series 2 from Kazemrood area in Mazandaran province. In this paper, density of the regeneration was measur MoreOne of the main destruction factors in north forests is grazedby animals that destroys plant species. Hence, evaluation of livestock exit planning has been done at series 2 from Kazemrood area in Mazandaran province. In this paper, density of the regeneration was measured in degraded and protected areas in three height class less than 0.5 m, 0.5 m to 1.3 m and more than 1.3 m and three distance of sampling center 10 m, 20m and 30 m and in four main direction for inner comparison. Results of this study showed that in more distances, the regeneration is increased; also, density in class of more than 1.3 m and western direction had higher density and southern direction had minimum density. The comparison of the regeneration within two areas in three height classes revealed that there are significant differences between them. This means that the livestock emersion planning has been increased density of regeneration. Institutions and organizations are required legally carry out their duties and be directed and controlled through a coordinating headquarters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Local names Aceraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Leguminosae, Fabales, Betulaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Buxaceae, Juglandaceae trees in Iran
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Prisa Mohamadpour Fatemeh Mosazadeh SayadMahalehObjectives: Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. The purpose of this study is to identify and record the different names used for MoreObjectives: Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. The purpose of this study is to identify and record the different names used for trees, shrubs and shrubs in different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces from Astara to Ramyan. These provinces also had local names registered. Materials and Methods: The present research has been done by field method and library study. Although all the researchers in this study are fully acquainted with the Gilaki language and dialect, however, to determine the exact Persian equivalent of words and tree-related entries in different local dialects, interview speakers of this language (especially people over 60 years of age Year) did. All the words and terms of this research are related to the most important words and terms related to the trees, shrubs and bushes of the families of the tribes of Aceraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Leguminosae, Fabales, Betulaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Buxaceae, Juglandaceae in different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan. Results: In this study, 102 local names for the trees of the genus Aceraceae (23 local names), Hamamelidaceae (2 local names), Leguminosae (14 local names), Fabales(18 local names), Betulaceae (9 local names), Fagaceae (20 Local names), Buxaceae (6 local names) and Juglandaceae (10 local names) in Iran, which are mainly the names used in the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in different dialects, were recorded. Based on the results of this research, Acer laetum with local names of Bezberg (in Gorgan), Mirzaberg (in Ramyan), Pellet (in Gilan), Milky (in Noor, Kojoor and Mazandaran) and Zbandar (in Bandar-e-Gaz); Acer opulifolium with the local names of Cerco (in Ramyan) and Sefid Cerco (in Katul); Acer platanoides with the local letters Kirk (in pilgrimage) and Kakum (in its length); Alnus glotinosa with the local names of Siatuse (in Lahijan), Tosa (in Rudsar), Tose (in Rasht), Alder (in Gorgan and Mazandaran) and Yellow (in Astara and Tavalesh) are called. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Local names Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae trees in Iran
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Fatemeh Mosazadeh SayadMahalehBackground: One of the types of social studies is the study of the indigenous languages of a region, which is a direct relationship with the relations of the members of a community who were in contact with each other in different eras. Since trees and shrubs have played MoreBackground: One of the types of social studies is the study of the indigenous languages of a region, which is a direct relationship with the relations of the members of a community who were in contact with each other in different eras. Since trees and shrubs have played an important role in the daily life of human societies, so has the need to use specific names for them in societies.Methods: In this study, we tried to survey different areas of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces and conduct interviews also to study the authoritative sources of local names of trees and shrubs in the Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae trees.Results: In this study, 106 local names for the trees of the genus Oleaceae (10 local names), Rosaceae (43 local names), Salicaceae (25 local names), Tiliaceae (6 local names) and Ulmaceae (22 local names) in Iran, which are mainly the names used in the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in different dialects, were recorded.Conclusion: Since in many of these areas the local language is fading for various reasons, the collection and registration of these local tree names is very importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Sociological Dimension of Political Security from the Viewpoint of tourists of Mazandaran Province
Issa Khajvandahmadi Soroush Fathi Mehdi Mokhtarpour -
Open Access Article
31 - Optimum ecotourism site selection in Kojur basin of Mazandaran province using ordered weighted average (OWA) and Geographic information system (GIS)
Amir Saadatfar Hassan FaramarziIn order to create sustainable development in the tourism industry, the proper understanding of environmental potentials and its sensitivity to human activities is very important. This study has identified and prioritized the potential of ecotourism sites in the Kojur b MoreIn order to create sustainable development in the tourism industry, the proper understanding of environmental potentials and its sensitivity to human activities is very important. This study has identified and prioritized the potential of ecotourism sites in the Kojur basin of Mazandaran province. Physiographies criteria, including slope, direction, and elevation, as well as criteria of distance from road, river, village, sliding locations and canopy percent, were selected as the appropriate index. The criteria were evaluated and fuzzy by the experts and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Subsequently, using the Ordered weighted average (OWA) scenarios, the appropriate ecotourism site was selected. To reduce risk and increase managerial power, Boolean logic was used. The results showed that the landslide and the roads had a maximum value of 0.315 and 0.238, respectively. The output maps of the OWA scenarios have shown that the northeastern range of the cougar basin is the most optimal location for the establishment of the ecotourism site, and the northern region was ranked next. In the scenario of the low-risk level and non-compensated, and low-risk level and low compensation scenario, 83 hectares of land were recognized for the appropriate ecotourism site. While, average risk and complete compensation, high risk and low compensation, average risk and non-compensation and high risk and no compensation, were 3179, 1255, 1909, and 2577 hectares respectively for ecotourism sites. The Boolean logic output showed that about 47 hectares of northeastern lands of Kojour basin are an appropriate ecotourism site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Identification of karst areas using Remote sensing and GIS method and its expansion in Zalem-Rud sub-basin of Sari in Mazandaran, Iran
Mohammad Ali Gholi Nataj Malekshah Davood Jahani Seyed Ramzan Mousavi Nader Kohansal Ghadimvand Seyed Hamid VaziriBackground and Objective Karst is a composite image of all the roughness, shapes, pores, and phenomena caused by water corrosion, above and below the surface, in various soluble geological formations, which cover about 15% of the world's exposed rocks. Despite the impor MoreBackground and Objective Karst is a composite image of all the roughness, shapes, pores, and phenomena caused by water corrosion, above and below the surface, in various soluble geological formations, which cover about 15% of the world's exposed rocks. Despite the importance of karst areas in the past, today, the study, identification, spatial analysis and management of these areas are of very interest to geologists, hydrologists, hydrogeologists, eco-tourists, geotourists and environmentalists at various scales. Karst phenomenon also has a special place in various dimensions from the point of view of geology and geomorphology, because the causes and methods of dissolution processes and forms and their extension in rocks and minerals are of great importance to East Mazandaran, especially in the study area, is geologically one of the areas with karst process potential and has been less studied due to environmental conditions, especially vegetation and access roads. This study is focused on identifying karst areas and their extent using RS and GIS method in the Zalem-Rud Sari basin in Mazandaran province in northern Iran. In order to identify karst areas and physicochemical characteristics of existing aquifers, it was first necessary to identify karst areas and then assess their physicochemical status. In the first step, using Landsat, ASTER and SRTM satellite data, geological maps, weather information and field visits, factors affecting karstification such as rock types, Fracture lineaments, vegetation, climate, condition of the drainages and the slope of the topography are extracted. It should be noted that in this step, to obtain a better result, fuzzy logic and Hierarchical Analysis Process have been used. In the second step, in order to investigate the physicochemical condition of the aquifer, the chemical parameters of some springs are analyzed and the dissolution parameters, saturation indices, the origin of water-soluble components and the general flow system in the existing aquifers are determined.Materials and Methods In this study, the composition and distribution of rock, based on field visits and georeferenced geological maps of one hundred thousandths of Behshahr and Sari, have been done. Three methods of manual, automatic and semi-automatic have been used to extract the lineaments due to fractures. In the manual method, the lineaments are highlighted and extracted by applying High Pass filters, PCA and the color combination of Landsat 8 satellite data. In the automatic method, the Segment Tracing Algorithm (STA) in PCI software is used. In the STA algorithm, linear pixels are identified based on the degree of gray difference and then converted to vectors based on RADI, GTHR, LTHR, FTHR, ATHR and DTHR parameters. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to detect and extract vegetation status on OLI sensor data from the Landsat 8 satellite. To generate DEM, photogrammetric techniques were performed on a pair of stereo images of ASTER sensor in Idrisi software based on parametric variables of external and external orientations and ground control points (GCPs). The topographic slope of the area has been calculated by DEM and based on the degree in GIS and its map has been prepared. Based on the weather data of the General Meteorological Department of Mazandaran Province, the weather condition is determined by the isothermal, isohyetal and isoevaporation curves and the type of weather is determined by the De Marton method.Results and Discussion The result of the above activities has been the production of lithological maps, density and distance from fracture lineaments, density and distance from drainages, topographic slope, rainfall and vegetation. Due to the different criteria used in the generated maps and the need for a single, comparable and proportionate criteria for combining information layers, fuzzy logic has been used. In this case, all layers, except lithology, which has a definite boundary and is a function of Boolean logic, are fuzzy and then extracted as fuzzy layers in GIS. On the other hand, because the weight and effectiveness of the eight factors affecting the occurrence of the karst phenomenon are not the same, the Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) method has been used to determine the preference and prioritization of these factors. And the participation rate, in other words, the weight of each criterion with an incompatibility coefficient of less than one percent has been calculated in Expert Choice 12 software. Finally, by the weighted linear combination (WLC) method, fuzzy raster layers based on their effective weight are combined with Compromise Operator or Gamma and the karst distribution map is extracted with different probability coefficients in the study area. In the next step, in order to investigate the physicochemical status of the aquifers and evaluate the karst phenomenon, 18 springs with equal flow and more than three litres per second were selected and evaluated using SPPS, RockWorks2016 and PHREEQC2.6 software. In addition to extracting hydrogeochemical tables and graphs, the saturation index of various minerals has also been calculated.Conclusion The results of this study show that the karst phenomenon has the most spread in the central part and the lineaments resulting from fractures have played the most role in the formation of this phenomenon. The water type of these springs is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate and according to the Gibbs diagram, the role of aquifer rocks in determining the chemical composition of water is very clear. Also, the saturation indices of minerals and the type of flow in groundwater reservoirs are diffuse and diffuse-duct flows. To this research, the use of new remote sensing technology and GIS increases accuracy and speed and reduces costs in karst studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Assessment of municipal solid waste landfill sites using GIS (Case study: west of Mazandaran province)
Mohadese Yazdani Seyed Masoud Monavari Ghasem Ali Omrani Mahmoud Shariat Seyed Mohsen HosseiniSeveral factors to reduce the negative impacts on natural resources as well as public health in landfill sites should be considered. So in the present study the significance lies in the fact that it tends to assess the suitability of the existing municipal landfill site MoreSeveral factors to reduce the negative impacts on natural resources as well as public health in landfill sites should be considered. So in the present study the significance lies in the fact that it tends to assess the suitability of the existing municipal landfill sites in the west area of Mazandaran province, located in north of Iran, and the south coast of the Caspian Sea. In order to carry out this assessment, 3 guidelines such as United States Environmental Protection Agency, management and planning organization of Iran and Iran department of environment are used. After reviewing all the specified criteria in each of the guidelines with Arc GIS software and visit the field, the authenticity of each deposit site of the study area and the entire area also was examined; and eventually the appropriate areas were identified. As a result, all of the 10 landfill sites were unsuitable with the Iran department of the environment, according to the management and planning organization of Iran only Marzan abad site was suitable and according to USEPA criteria Noor, Noshahr and Kelar abad were suitable and other site were unsuitable. In the entire studied area 20%, according to the Iran department of environment, 48.5%, according to the management and planning organization of Iran and 77.9% of the study area according to the guideline of USEPA were suitable for landfill siting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Evaluating effects of various physiographic factors and distance from road on timber marking using multiple linear regression model
Hamid Jalilvand Maryam Niknejad Mohammad HejazianOne of the forest management tools which has a direct impact on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics is timber marking. In order to evaluate the effects of physiographic factors of land and road forms on timber marking for the logging, the multiple linear re MoreOne of the forest management tools which has a direct impact on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics is timber marking. In order to evaluate the effects of physiographic factors of land and road forms on timber marking for the logging, the multiple linear regression model was used in the Forestry Plan Series 2 in the seventh zone of forestry plans of Nekachoub Company, Mazandaran province. For this purpose, the location of marked trees was determined using GPS in a plot with an area of 215 hectares. Then, maps of marked trees, altitude, aspect and slope percent, soil and distance from the road were prepared in GIS environment using these points and digital elevation model of study area. To understand the relationship between factors and marked trees, the multiple linear model was used. So, maps of mentioned factors and marked tree's location were entered into the regression model as independent and dependent variables, respectively. The model results showed that the timber marking activity was done more in the areas with low altitude, gentle slope and deep soils on northern and eastern directions near the forest road as compared to the other areas. Timber marking is affected by some physiographic factors, and such elements as slope or adjacency to the road may make the timber marker to interfere in these areas and avoid working in the areas with higher slope or away from the road; it leads to an uneven interventions throughout the forest as well as an unbalanced reclamation of forest structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Species Diversity and Population Fluctuation of Heteroptera Predators in Rice Fields of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Hassan Ghahari Hadi Ostovan Mehrdad TabariThe predator bugs (Heteroptera) are one of the powerful natural enemies in almost agro-ecosystems which have important role in biological control programs. In attention to presence of diverse pests in rice fields and importance of this crop as the main food in Northern MoreThe predator bugs (Heteroptera) are one of the powerful natural enemies in almost agro-ecosystems which have important role in biological control programs. In attention to presence of diverse pests in rice fields and importance of this crop as the main food in Northern Iran, species diversity and population fluctuation of predator bugs were studied in rice fields of Mazandaran province through 2005 - 2006. In a total, 20 species of predator bugs were collected and identified from rice fields of Mazandaran province. Of the collected species, eight species including, Oncocephalus pilicornis Reuter, Oncocephalus plumicornis (Germar), Reduvius pallipes Klug, Rhynocoris iracundus (Poda) and Coranus cf. niger Rambur of family Reduviidae, Stenodema calcaratum (Fieb.), Orthotylus flavosparsus (C.Sahlb.) of family Miridae, and Brachynema puncticornis Rt. of family Pentatomidae are newly recorded from Iran. The results of population fluctuation indicated that the density of predator bugs increases through the crop season gradually, but application of insecticides causes damage to the density population severely. Also, the population density of predator bugs was varied through a day; the most abundant of population was obtained in hours 10 and 18, because of moderate climate. These beneficial insects rest beyond the rice seedlings and among the weeds around the fields through the hours 12 - 16, because of high temperature and humidity in rice fields. The results of population density of predator bugs on three rice varieties including, Fajr, Khazar, and Nemat indicated that highest density was obtained from Fajr and there was not significant difference between the two other varieties. Since the Fajr is a sensitive variety to C. suppressalis and the pest population density on it is higher than other studied varieties, there is higher density of heteropteran predators on this variety than the two others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Pathological and Molecular Identification the causal agent of Cittrange rootstock rot in Citrus Orchards the East of Mazandaran
Seyed vahid Alavi Faeze FalakiRecently, a devastating decline has been observed in some citrus groves established with cittrange rootsock. The most conspicuous symptom is a frustose rootstock and decline. The suspicious infected samples were collected at different stages of growth and transported to MoreRecently, a devastating decline has been observed in some citrus groves established with cittrange rootsock. The most conspicuous symptom is a frustose rootstock and decline. The suspicious infected samples were collected at different stages of growth and transported to the laboratory. The samples were rinsed under top water and disinfested with 70% ethyl alcohol. Pieces of each sample was separated with a sterile blade and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Obtained fungal isolates were purified and pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by A mycelial plug (5 mm diam.) obtained from the margin of a fungal colony was placed in the wound with the mycelium facing towards the stem, and the wound was wrapped with Parafilm. Based on the morphological characteristics including colony form, conidia specific feature, and growing on agar cum Foeniculum vulgare stipes, studied fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe novem Santos. Genomic DNA extraction was done from fungal isolates and amplification was done with ITS1, ITS4 and Bt regions primers and the amplicons were sequenced. Also the sequencing results confirmed fungal species mentioned above. This is the first report of fruit drop and dieback disease and the causal agent identification on local tangerine in north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A study on biology of Parmacella ibera and its damage assessment in citrus orchards of Mazandaran province
Mohammad Fazel Halajisani Elham AhmadiThe slug Parmacella ibera Eichw is one of the most important pests in citrus orchards and nurseries of Mazandaran province. Investigation on the biology of P. ibera was carried out on Thompson navel nurseries in Ramsar during 2006-2007. This species has one generation i MoreThe slug Parmacella ibera Eichw is one of the most important pests in citrus orchards and nurseries of Mazandaran province. Investigation on the biology of P. ibera was carried out on Thompson navel nurseries in Ramsar during 2006-2007. This species has one generation in a year and slugs were coupling in late March and oviposit in the middle of April. It took almost 22 days from coupling to oviposition. Average egg cluster was 52. Mean duration of incubation period was 28 days. The hatchability of eggs was 65 percent. A mean number of 50 newly hatched slugs were counted per adult. For damage evaluation of P. ibera, slugs were released in four (1,5,10,15) density on the single branch of a citrus tree of age 12-15 years in six replications (slug infestation) and compared with the control treatment. Citrus leaves damaged by slug before and after slug releasing were counted at seven day intervals. The citrus fruits available were counted and till the end of sampling their weights were compared with control treatment. The results showed that the mean numbers of leaves and fruits at different treatments for variety and population abundance were statistically meaningful (P≤0.05). The relation between density and damage was found linear and correlation between number of damaged leaves and fruits and total percentage of damages in Thompson navel orange and Unshui mandarin with population abundance of slug were found statistically meaningful. The mean of damages in relation to the slug densities (1, 5, 10, 15) were significant (P≤0.05) for Thompson navel orange and Unshui mandarin respectively. The result indicates that Unshui mandarin variety is more damaged by the slug feeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Biology of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) on commercial cultivars of mandarin in Mazandaran province
Maryam Abbaspour Jinous Rastegar Shaban Ali Mafi Pashakolaei Esmaeil GholamianFruit flies (Diptera: Tephrtidae) is the most important pest causing damage to citrus fruit trees in the north of Iran. Biology of C. capitata was investigated on five mandarin cultivars under laboratory condition at temperature 27±1 OC, 70±5 RH and photo MoreFruit flies (Diptera: Tephrtidae) is the most important pest causing damage to citrus fruit trees in the north of Iran. Biology of C. capitata was investigated on five mandarin cultivars under laboratory condition at temperature 27±1 OC, 70±5 RH and photo period 14L: 10D in control unit of Iran citrus research institute greenhouse in 2011. The result indicated that the mean developmental time of eggs under laboratory conditions on Page, Celementin, Onsho, Unesi and Yashar cultivars was 2.5±0.15, 1.8±0.2, 1.3±0.2, 2.4±0.18 and 2.7±0.12 days, respectively. The mean of larval period ranged from 9.8±0.2 days on Unesi to 12±0.22 days on page. Also, the experiments showed that there were no significant differences between pupal duration and pupae weight on mandarin cultivars. The mean developmental time for entire immature stages on Page, Celementin, Onsho, Unesi and Yashar was 27±0.52, 24.1±0.65, 22±0.57 25±0.65 and 26.5±0.47 days, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigating on the Effect of Different Herbicides on Cut-Leaf Geranium (Geranium dissectum L.) and Oilseed Rape (Brassica nappus L.) Yield in Mazandaran
Morteza Nouralizadeh OtaghsaraTo investigate the efficacy of different herbicides on cut leaf geranium (Geranium dissectum), yield and yield components of rapeseed, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with 10 treatments and 4 replications in Babol (Shirsavar village) MoreTo investigate the efficacy of different herbicides on cut leaf geranium (Geranium dissectum), yield and yield components of rapeseed, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with 10 treatments and 4 replications in Babol (Shirsavar village) in 2012,. The treatments were Metazachlor + Quinmerac (Butisan Star 6.41% OSCE), pre emergence (2500 ml/ha and 3000 ml/ha), Metazachlor + Quinmerac (Butisan Star 6.41% OSCE) in early growth rate (3000 ml/ha), Lontrel (Chlopyralid SC300) in early growth rate with adjuvant (1000 ml/ha) and without adjuvant (1000 ml/ha), Colzor-trio (Dimetachlor18.75% + Nepropamid 18.75 % + Clomazone 3%) pre emergence (3000 ml/ha and 3500 ml/ha), Tridox (Dimetachlor) pre emergence (3000 ml/ha), control (without weed control) and check control (with weed control). The results showed significant differences among the treatments (P≤0.01). After weed control, Colzor-trio (3000 ml/ha and 3500 ml/ha) had the lowest weed density and dry weight of geranium as well as the highest rapeseed dry weight. Furthermore, it had significant difference with other treatments. With regard to oilseed yield, Colzor-trio (3000 ml/ha and 3500 ml/ha) did not have significant differences with check control while it had significant differences with other treatments. Based on the results of this experiment, Colzor-trio (Dimetachlor18.75% + Nepropamid 18.75 % + Clomazone 3%) pre emergence (3000 ml/ha) is recommendable for control of G. dissectum in lowland oilseed rape fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Study on the Collembola Fauna of Mazandaran (Iran) and new records from the forests of this province
R. Vafaei shoushtari E. Yahyapour M. ShayanmehrCollembola (Hexapoda) fauna of parts of Hyrcanian forest in north of Iran, Mazandaran povince was studied during 2016. Sampling was done from soil and leaf litter. Then springtails were extracted by Berlese funnel. Totally, 18 genera and 2 species belonging to 10 famili MoreCollembola (Hexapoda) fauna of parts of Hyrcanian forest in north of Iran, Mazandaran povince was studied during 2016. Sampling was done from soil and leaf litter. Then springtails were extracted by Berlese funnel. Totally, 18 genera and 2 species belonging to 10 families were collected which 14 species were identified. Of them the genus Pogonognathellus (Tullberg, 1871) and two species Pogonognathellus sp. cf. flavescens (Tullberg, 1871) and Arrhopalites sp. gr. principalis (Stach, 1945) are recorded for the first time from Iran. Also four new species are recorded for the first tine from Mazandaran including: Entomobrya cf. schoetti Stach, 1922, Entomobrya corticalis (Nicolet, 1841), Entomobrya nigrocincta Denis, 1923 and Arrhopalites sp. gr. caecus (Tullberg, 1871). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Preliminary investigation on the geographical distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Dip., Tephritidae), in Mazandaran province, Iran
S. Mirsardoo S. A. Mafi-Pashakolaei H. BarariPreliminary investigation on geographical distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) was conducted in Mazandaran province, Iran in 2006–2008. It is one of the most destructive pests of different crops, which observed after 20 years, in MorePreliminary investigation on geographical distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) was conducted in Mazandaran province, Iran in 2006–2008. It is one of the most destructive pests of different crops, which observed after 20 years, in Noor (a city of Mazandaran) in October – November 2006. The primary studies for monitoring of the pest was carried out by direct observation of some citrus orchards encountered severe fallen of damaged fruits. Following to this issue, different types of fly traps (sticky yellow card, plastic bottle of mineral water, Jackson and McPhail) and attractant compounds (mixing of 2% protein hydrolizate with Malathion 2 lit. per 1000 lit. water, ceratrap and sex pheromone) were used in 2007-2008. The monitoring of the pest was started by setting of the traps in both infested and intact fruit orchards at the beginning of spring. The traps were checked weekly and number of flies and new infested areas in each city were recorded, separately. The infested cities recognized in 2006 were Sari, Qaem-Shar, Babol, Juibar, Mahmodabad, Babolsar and Amol. Generally, infestation was limited to urban parts and rarely observed in rural parts. Investigation in 2007 determined the presence of the pest in new areas such as Savad-kuh, Noshar and Chalous that the range of distribution reached to rural parts (7 to 10 Km. far from the infestation center). In spite of severe cold weather (-15℃) in winter 2007, adults of the pest appeared earlier in the following season compared to 2006. Constant monitoring revealed the invasion of pest to the new areas including: Behshar, Neka and Tonekabon cities. geographical position of more than 500 infested localities was determined by GPS and analyzed by GIS software on the map of Mazandaran province. The results of three-year investigation indicated that the Mediterranean fruit fly distributed its geographical dispersion from the east part of Mazandaran (Behshar) to the west part of the province (Tonekabon), except Ramsar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Faunistic study of Ichneumon wasps, (Hym., Ichneumonidae) from Mazandaran province, Iran
H. Hooshyar R. Vafaei-Shoushtari H. Barimani-VarandiThe fauna of Ichneumonidae was studied during 2011 to 2012 in the centeral area of Mazandaran province. In this study Malaise trap, Window trap, Yellow & White Pan trap, Light trap and Sweeping net were used for collecting. A total of 13 species belonging to 1 MoreThe fauna of Ichneumonidae was studied during 2011 to 2012 in the centeral area of Mazandaran province. In this study Malaise trap, Window trap, Yellow & White Pan trap, Light trap and Sweeping net were used for collecting. A total of 13 species belonging to 11 Genera and 8 subfamilies were collected and identified. The identification were confirmed by Prof. Mehmet Faruk Gurbuz and Dr. Kees Zwakhals. The specimens were deposited at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran,Sari and Entomology Department, Agricultural facultyof Arak University. Five species are new records for Iranian insect fauna which indicated by an asterisk. The following species were collected: Anomalon cruentatum(Geoffray,1785) (Anomaloninae) Tromatobia oculatoria(Fabricius, 1798)* (Pimplinae) Liotryphon caudatus(Ratzeburg, 1848) (Pimplinae) Pimpla spuria(Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pimplinae) Clistopyga rufator(Holmgren,1856) (Pimplinae) Tryphon atriceps(Stephens, 1835) (Tryphoninae) Syrphoctonus sp. ( Thomson, 1890)*(Diplazontinae) Lissonota clypeator(Gravenhorst,1820)* (Banchinae) Lissonota fundator (Gravenhorst,1820)* (Banchinae) Lissonota versicolor (Gravenhorst,1820)* (Banchinae) Collyria coxator(Villers, 1789) (Collyrinae) Mesochorus sp. ( Förster, 1869) (Mesochorinae) Brachycyrtus sp. (Townes, 1960) (Brachycyrtinae) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Population fluctuations of the citrus cottony scales, Pulvinaria aurantii (Hem., Coccidae) on the sour oranges
Sh. Faghihzadeh Gorji Shila Goldasteh A. ZamaniThe sour oranges is a horticultural crop in Iran and planted as ornamental trees all over the world (except polar regions) such as the north of Iran. The citrus cottony scales Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. feeds on the foliage and stems of citrus trees and cause tree diebac MoreThe sour oranges is a horticultural crop in Iran and planted as ornamental trees all over the world (except polar regions) such as the north of Iran. The citrus cottony scales Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. feeds on the foliage and stems of citrus trees and cause tree dieback in heavy infestation. In order to estimate the seasonal population fluctuations in Babol (Mazandaran province, Iran), sampling were done at the height of 1.5 to 2.5 meter of citrus trees and samples were collected from four geographical directions and three points including initial, medial and apical 40 cm of the branches. Further information such as daily temperature, relative humidity, and the amount of rainfalls simultaneously were recorded in each sampling date. The maximum number of population was observed in the January of 2014. We found that this species completes four generations per year. Based on the results of this study the best time for managements of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of P. aurantii Ckll. in Babol is May, September, and to spot spraying in November and December, respectively. Pruning can be usefull too. In this study, natural enemies’ minority were observed which may be related to the insecticide treatments, absence of intermediate host and also the environmental pollution. Our results could lead to improve integrated pest management for P. aurantii Ckll.populations in the north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Comparison of the abundance of leaf-feeder insects in oilseed rape fields of lowlands and uplands
H. BarariDiversity and density of leaf-feeder insects of oilseed rape in lowland (i.e. the preceding crop was rice) and upland (i.e. the preceding crop wasn’t rice) fields in Mazandaran province, Iran were compared in three region of the province during 3 years (2008-2010) MoreDiversity and density of leaf-feeder insects of oilseed rape in lowland (i.e. the preceding crop was rice) and upland (i.e. the preceding crop wasn’t rice) fields in Mazandaran province, Iran were compared in three region of the province during 3 years (2008-2010). In each region, one lowland and one upland field was selected and the insect pests were recorded using yellow water traps and quadrate (0.5m × 0.5m). In this study, one species of weevils, Ceutorhynchus picitarsis Gyllenhal (Col.: Curculionidae); 4 species of flea beetles, Phyllotreta atra (Fabricius), Psylliodes cupreus (Koch), Psylliodes persicus Allard and Chaetocnema hortensis (Geoffroy) (Col.: Chrysomelidae); turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae (L.) (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lep.: Noctuidae) were collected in lowlands as well as in uplands. Therefore, there was no difference in species diversity in two kinds of fields. The results showed that no rice pest causes damage on oilseed rape in the lowlands, and these two crops have no common pests in the region. The density of flea beetles and weevils in upland fields was higher than those in lowlands. The kind of oilseed rape field (lowland or upland) had no significant effect on the larval density of S. littoralis and A. rosae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Biology, seasonal population fluctuation and distribution of the Cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell (Hom: Margarodidae) in east of Mazandaran province, Iran
S. Javadi S. E. MahdavianThe cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell is a polyphagous pest which has been distributed all around the word including Iran. The pest attacks to citrus and many other plants. The biology of I. purchasi at laboratory conditions (21.7°C, 75 R. H. MoreThe cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell is a polyphagous pest which has been distributed all around the word including Iran. The pest attacks to citrus and many other plants. The biology of I. purchasi at laboratory conditions (21.7°C, 75 R. H. and 10:14 L:D) and its seasonal population fluctuations in two citrus orchards located in Sari (North of Iran) were studied during 2003- 2005. Samples were taken weekly from 10 trees in each orchard. Three 10cm twigs were taken randomly from each tree in each sampling occasion and number of adults and nymphs were recorded in laboratory. The mean number of eggs per female was 295. 7 with incubation period of 9. 1 days. Developmental period of the 1st , 2nd and 3rd instars was 19.5, 26.5 and 56.2 days respectively. Adults were observed from April to March. Three peaks of nymphs occurred in July, November and February and three for adults in May, August and February. According to these data, it is estimated that I. purchasi overwinters in all stages specially the 2nd instar nymphs. The investigation showed that the cottony cushion scale distributed throughout the east of Mazandaran from Behshahr to Noor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Biology of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hem., Coccidae) under laboratory conditions and its seasonal fluctuations in citrus orchards in Mazandaran province
S. A. Mafi PashakolaeiBiology of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hem., Coccidae) and its seasonal fluctuations were studied in citrus orchards in Mazandaran province, Iran, during 1996-1997. The pest has 3-4 generations and over-winters as eggs, 2nd and 3rd stages and adu MoreBiology of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hem., Coccidae) and its seasonal fluctuations were studied in citrus orchards in Mazandaran province, Iran, during 1996-1997. The pest has 3-4 generations and over-winters as eggs, 2nd and 3rd stages and adults on different citrus varieties and ornamental plants in the region of study. The shortest and longest developmental periods of one generation were 38 and 50 days, respectively. The mean numbers of eggs per female were 159, 229 and 171 in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. The mean life-span of males was 41.1 and 65.8 and for females were 52.4 and 84.3 days at 20 and 25℃, respectively. The activity of over-wintering individual began at the end of April in both sprayed and unsprayed orchards. However, the peak of the mealybug population occurred in August and September in unsprayed orchards and in September and October in sprayed ones. The peak of population of natural enemies synchronized with the peak of the pest in unsprayed orchards. This synchronization might be a reason for reduction of the pest damage to fruit by 30%-40% in unsprayed orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Developing a Strategic Model of Public Relations Promotion with an Emphasis on Media Literacy System
Hossein Arab Mehrdad Matani Mojtaba Tabari Ali Fallah -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigating the relationship between spiritual management in the work environment and the ethical behavior of employees in education and training in Mazandaran province
maryam Taghvaee YazdiSpirituality in the work environment can bring humanity to organizations, activity to the community, and responsibility to the environment. If so; This is the most important task that our society is facing in the first decades of the new millennium. The purpose of this MoreSpirituality in the work environment can bring humanity to organizations, activity to the community, and responsibility to the environment. If so; This is the most important task that our society is facing in the first decades of the new millennium. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between spiritual management in the work environment and the ethical behavior of employees in education in Mazandaran province. This is a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population included all education workers of Mazandaran province in 2013-1400, numbering 1412 people. The sample size of 302 people was selected by stratified random sampling method according to gender. The data collection method was library and field. Data measurement tools included the standard questionnaires of spirituality in the work environment by Milliman et al. (2003) and ethical behavior by Lozier (1993). The validity of the questionnaires was checked and confirmed by experts and by calculating Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of spirituality questionnaires in the work environment was calculated as 0.94 and moral behavior as 0.90 percent, which showed that the questionnaires have relatively high reliability. . The method of data analysis was the use of descriptive statistics (frequency calculation, percentages, standard deviation and column chart) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient test) through SPSS22 software program. The findings showed that there is a relationship between spiritual management in the work environment and the ethical behavior of employees and its components in education in Mazandaran province. As a result, spirituality in the work environment can cause employees and managers to avoid bad words and deliberate enmity with each other due to their sense of belonging to others. The more the spirituality in the work increases, the more ethical principles will be observed in the organization and the more people will adhere to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The role of indigenous knowledge in the protection of Rangelands in Plour, Mazandaran province
Fatemeh Azar Jalal Mahmoudi Ghodratolah HidariThe overall goal of this study is to investigate the impact of indigenous knowledge in ecotourism industry and generate revenue in Poloor region of Mazandaran province. This research is a survey study and information are collected based on questionnaire in the for MoreThe overall goal of this study is to investigate the impact of indigenous knowledge in ecotourism industry and generate revenue in Poloor region of Mazandaran province. This research is a survey study and information are collected based on questionnaire in the format of Likert scale.. The studied population consists of 210 residents of Poloor region and sample size is achieved 111 randomly based on Cochran formula. But in field study , only 70 questionnaires have been completed and the others didn't tend to respond. Research reliability has been calculated by Cronbach's alpha and the value of this coefficient has been 0/803 . Variance analysis tests, Duncan compare means tests , Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression have been used for data analysis. These analysis have been done by spss software. The results showed that, there's a significant relationship between indigenous knowledge, ecotourism industry and economical prosperity. It means that, with proper management based on indigenous knowledge, it is possible to preserve natural resources areas especially pastures of the above region in addition of tourists attraction, job creation, revenue, cultural preservation of indigenous traditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Preliminary studies on the fauna of snail-killing flies (Dip. Sciomyzidae) in Mazandaran Province
Saeed Mohammadzade NaminWith about 600 species the Sciomyzidae or snail-killing flies are one of the most important families of Diptera. Larvae feeding mostly as predators or parasitioids on terrestrial and freshwater mollusks,and are considerable economic importance because of their pest stat MoreWith about 600 species the Sciomyzidae or snail-killing flies are one of the most important families of Diptera. Larvae feeding mostly as predators or parasitioids on terrestrial and freshwater mollusks,and are considerable economic importance because of their pest status in agriculture. They are also intermediate hosts for a number of serious parasitic diseases of man-schistosomes and liver flukes. During studies on snail-killing flies fauna in Mazandaran Province (Iran) in 2008–2015, 10 species of 8 genera are found to occur in this region. TetanocerapunctifronsRondani, 1868is recorded for the first time for Iranian fauna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Impact of Women on the Middle class Houses of the Qajar Era (Case Study: Northern Cities of Iran)
Hosna Varmaghani -
Open Access Article
52 - The Impact of Lifestyle on Spatial Relations of Aristocratic Qajar Houses in Mazandaran and Golestan
Soodabeh Mehri Jamaleddin Soheili Hossein Zabihi Asghar Saed Samiei -
Open Access Article
53 - A study of management by value situation in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University
Abolghasem Barimani کیومرث نیازآذری محمد صالحیThis study aimed to investigate the management by value situation in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. This study is objectively application Al and methodologically correlational descriptive statistical population of this study includes all faculty members with the ra MoreThis study aimed to investigate the management by value situation in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. This study is objectively application Al and methodologically correlational descriptive statistical population of this study includes all faculty members with the rank of Assistant professor, Associate professor and professor that are 472. Statistical sample has been selected by Cochran formula and they were 212 and selected by random stratified sampling. We have used researcher self-made questionnaire of management by value. Congestive and formal validity has been approved by experts and authors. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient has been used for estimating reliability. That was accepted as 0/98. Descriptive and deductive statistics methods (t-student and freedman test) have been used to data analysis. Results showed that management by value in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University is in normal situation. All four criteria of management by value have normal situation in this University. Strategic values is in first rank and has the best situation among management by value criteria from participants perspective. Social values, personal and operational are in the next ranks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The relationship between management by value and organizational excellence in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University
Abolghasem BarimaniThe aim of this study is the investigation of the relationship between management by value and organizational excellence in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. This study is objectively application AL and methodologically correlational descriptive. Statistical populatio MoreThe aim of this study is the investigation of the relationship between management by value and organizational excellence in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. This study is objectively application AL and methodologically correlational descriptive. Statistical population of this study includes all faculty members with the rank of Assistant professor Associate professor and professor that were 472. Statistical samples were 212 and selected by the use of Cochran formula and they have been chooser by random stratified sampling. We have used researcher self-made question air of management by value and standard question air of EFQM model. For gathering data congestive and formal validity have been approved by experts and authorities its reliability was achieved by Cronbach's Alpha formula and they were 0/98 and 0/97 respectively. We have used descriptive statistical and deductive statistical (regression and Pearson correlation test) for data analysis. Results showed that there are a significant relationship and positive correlation between management by value and organizational excellence. There is also a positive and significant relationship between management by value dimension (strategic, operational, social and personal) and organizational excellence. These dimensions dedicated 80.6 percent of organizational excellence changes to one personal values have the most important role in predicting organizational excellence, and social, operational and strategic dimensions are respectively in the next ranks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Presenting a model of the impact of technology management on knowledge commercialization in Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province
samaneh shirzad mohammad salehi kiumars khatirpashaThe present age is the age of dramatic and fundamental changes in innovations and technologies and is an important and vital factor for organizations in order to create sustainable value and competitive advantage. The overall purpose of this study was the effect of tech MoreThe present age is the age of dramatic and fundamental changes in innovations and technologies and is an important and vital factor for organizations in order to create sustainable value and competitive advantage. The overall purpose of this study was the effect of technology management on knowledge commercialization in Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, this research is an application that was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory design. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 20 experts in the field of research and in the quantitative section, the faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province amounted to 1537 people. 10 people and in the quantitative part according to Cochran's formula, 308 people were selected stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made technology management questionnaire with 41 questions and a knowledge commercialization questionnaire with 30 questions were used. Confirmatory test using SPSS and PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a relationship between the exogenous variable of technology management and the latent variable of endogenous knowledge commercialization based on the path load coefficients of factor 0.458, also considering the t-value for this relationship (10.976) which is out of range (58 / 2 and 58 / 2-) is at 99% confidence level The impact of technology management on knowledge commercialization has become significant, so it can be concluded that technology management has a positive and significant effect on knowledge commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The effect of social capital on human resources empowerment of Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province to present a model
seyed zeynolabedin ebrahimin shiyadeh Aliasghar shojaee babak hoseinzadehThe purpose of this study was the effect of social capital on human resource empowerment of Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province to present a model. The research method was a combination of exploratory mixed research design (qualitative-quantitative). The st MoreThe purpose of this study was the effect of social capital on human resource empowerment of Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province to present a model. The research method was a combination of exploratory mixed research design (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes (managers and deputies Islamic Azad University) to agree on the Delphi method, the sample size in the qualitative section, taking into account the law of saturation to 17 people. And in a small part of the statistical population included all faculty members of the Islamic Azad University in 14 academic units of this university in Mazandaran province in 1399. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula to 305 people. Cluster sampling method was used to select the samples. Library data collection method and measurement tools in the qualitative part of the interview. Semi-structured and in a small part included a researcher-made questionnaire, whose questions were taken from the data obtained from the interview. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part of the Delphi technique and in the quantitative part of the structural equation modeling method, SPSS and LISREL software have been used. Findings showed that 63% of human resource empowerment in Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province to the dimensions of social capital, which includes seven dimensions in terms of trust (5 items), networks (4 items), participation (4 items), relationships ( 4 items), values (3 items), mutual understanding (4 items) and organizational commitment (4 items) are dependent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The composition and social origin of the Babi insurgents with an emphasis on the Babi rebellion in Mazandaran (1264-1265 AH)
sina foroozeshAbstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyye MoreAbstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyyed Ali Mohammad Shirazi, set to Azerbaijan on the behest of the Shah's Chancellor, Hajj Mirza Aqasi. He spent four months 2 years and three months in prison from 1264 to 1266 AH. When the babist lost the hope of their leader being set free, the movement entered a new era; an armed insurgency. Under the pretext of their leader's imprisonment, they started a rebellion and challenged the establishment. The culmination of this armed insurgency was when the group took the Sheik Tabarsi Citadel in Mazandaran for nine months. Eventually, they were defeated and the insurgency was put to rest. The current study deals with several factors of the movement, in particular the reason behind its varied social fabrics, the social origins of the rebels, and their motivations with the emphasis on the rebellion in Mazandaran (Sheikh Tabarsi Citadel). The research is conducted using historical research method and tries to be objective in its dealing with historical events. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Astudy on educational and cultural developments of Mazandaran in first phase of Pahlvi era
amirali rahimi fizzollah boshasb goshe alireza abtahiOne of the initiatives under the modernization policy of the first Pahlavi era was the establishment of modern schools. The main drive for these educational and cultural changes was Reza Shah’s own interest for evolving the education from its traditional form, in MoreOne of the initiatives under the modernization policy of the first Pahlavi era was the establishment of modern schools. The main drive for these educational and cultural changes was Reza Shah’s own interest for evolving the education from its traditional form, in which religious clerks were mostly engaged in teaching with the emphasis on religious knowledge, to the European style. In addition to establishing a lot of schools in Mazandaran, Reza Shah founded The Academy of Persian Language and Literature which started to make a lot of changes in the names of many cities. Indeed, it can be said that Mazandaran Province underwent dramatic educational and cultural changes in this period given the fact that it was Reza Shah’s hometown and was the second most widely reformed region after Tehran. The cultural initiatives in this province including the changes in educational system and establishment of new schools are notable too. If adequate budget was devoted to the development and preservation of educational staff, other cities in the province than Sari, Amol, Babol and Shahi could have enjoyed the new form of education. The present study uses first-hand sources including unpublished documents, journals and Reza Shah’s personal notes to present the status of educational and cultural changes in Mazandaran during the first Pahlavi era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Assessing the status and ranking of factors affecting the institutionalization of administrative ethics in the gas company of Mazandaran province
Mojtaba Tabari Hamed Mohamadi Hosein ArabThe main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors influencing the institutionalization of administrative ethics in the Mazandaran Province Gas Company and then to measurement and rank these factors and to present the Structural Model. In the present stud MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors influencing the institutionalization of administrative ethics in the Mazandaran Province Gas Company and then to measurement and rank these factors and to present the Structural Model. In the present study, factors affecting the institutionalization of administrative ethics are measured through eight dimensions including value-based leadership, organizational systems and structure, training, truth disclosure, respect for spiritual authority, social responsibility, citizenship, and justice. The statistical population of this research is the formal employees of Mazandaran Gas Company (250 persons). The sampling method was based on stratified random sampling and the research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.973. The research findings show that two factors, including value-based leadership and social responsibility, are moderately appropriate, and six factors including disclosure of facts, justice, systems and organizational structure, citizenship, education, and spiritual dignity are in relatively good condition. Also, there is a prioritization among these factors and the fitted pattern is a good one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Identifying and ranking the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach (Case study of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran)
mohammad salehiOne of the factors for the success of educational systems in developed countries is the independence of higher education environments. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to identify and rank the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach thr MoreOne of the factors for the success of educational systems in developed countries is the independence of higher education environments. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to identify and rank the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach through a case study in the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. The research method was descriptive. From the statistical population of 1537 faculty members of Mazandaran Azad University, 308 people were selected by stratified random sampling method based on academic rank (instructor, assistant professor, associate professor and professor). Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 37 questions, the validity of which was confirmed by experts. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire was also calculated above 0.7, which confirmed its reliability. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that academic independence with a causal approach has two dimensions of "organizational independence and financial independence". Also, among the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach, they have the highest rank in the dimension of financial independence and the lowest rank in the dimension of organizational independence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Survey of expectations and the factors affecting job satisfaction of faculty members in departments of Azad University, Mazandaran Province
Mohammad Salehi Mohammad Hajizad Homayoun MoutameniThe purpose of this study was to survey the expectations and the factors affecting job satisfaction among the faculty members in the Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive. The population of the study included al MoreThe purpose of this study was to survey the expectations and the factors affecting job satisfaction among the faculty members in the Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive. The population of the study included all full-time faculty members (N=1518) of the Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran province during the academic year (1389-1390). Of these, 300 were selected as the sample of the study. The instrumentation included a questionnaire whose validity was determined by a number of teachers and related professionals. The reliability was determined using the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient as to be 0.87 (r = 0.87). The data of the study were analyzed via using the SPSS software including descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that, respectively, supplementary insurance benefits, encouragement and appreciation mechanisms received from the faculty, facilities and loans and finally, allocating the members special opportunities for continuing their education were of the highest average. Also, university management and supervision methods, job security, relationships between colleagues in the workplace, and finally, salaries and rises had the highest average among factors that affected job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Relationship between Organizational Stress sources with Job Stress in Mazandaran's Gas Corporation Employees
Taraneh Enayati Farshideh Zamati Hamid Reza Ghazanfari Hamed MohammadiThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between organizational stress sources with job stress in Mazandaran's Gas Corporation employees. The research was descriptive, correlation. The statistical population was all staff's (423 people) of Mazandaran MoreThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between organizational stress sources with job stress in Mazandaran's Gas Corporation employees. The research was descriptive, correlation. The statistical population was all staff's (423 people) of Mazandaran Gas company in 2010 and statistical sample was 205, which selected by stratified random method (according to the region). In order to gather the data, two questionnaires were used: Job stress questionnaire and standardized stress sources questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaires was reviewed and confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated as 0.84 and 0.83 respectively. In order to analyze data, Pearson’s Correlation test and Multiple Regression were used. The result showed that organizational demands, relationship, colleagues' support, role characteristic, manager supports and work changes had significant relationship with job stress and there were no significant relationship between authorities and physical environment. Also organizational demands, relationship and role characteristic had power to predict employee`s job stress. It should be noted that stress is a very serious issues in today's organizations that can impose threatens the health of workforces and costs to the organization. So managers should moderate the workplace stressors by preventive actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Response of Three Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Flawheat Biofertilizer and Sulfur in Mazandaran Province
Ali Jabbari Nasser Latifi Mojtaba Mahmoudi Abolfazl Faraji Mohammad Reza DadashiTo evaluate the effect of biofertilizer and sulfur on yield and morphophysiological traits of three wheat genotypes. A split plot factorial design experiment based on completely randomized block design with four replications was performed at Gharakhail and Baykola resea MoreTo evaluate the effect of biofertilizer and sulfur on yield and morphophysiological traits of three wheat genotypes. A split plot factorial design experiment based on completely randomized block design with four replications was performed at Gharakhail and Baykola research stations of Mazandaran province in 2014-2015. The wheat genotypes were Gonbad, Ehsan and Tirgan; the sulfur treatments consisted of levels of zero, 250 and 500 kg.ha-1 (along with Tiobacillu ssp < /em>) and biofertilizer of zero and two l.ha-1 (via treating seeds). The traits studied were plant height, leaf area index, number of fertile spikes, seed yield, plant fresh and dry weights, and protein percentage of seeds. Results showed that Flawheat biofertilizer had significant effect on leaf area index, plant dry weight, number of fertile spike and seed yied, and application of two liters of biofertilizer improved the traits under study. The highest plant height (117.7 cm) was observed in Tirgan cultivar by using 2 kg.ha-1 of flawheat biofertilizer and 250 kg.ha-1 of sulfur. In all three cultivars of Gonbad, Ehsan and Tirgan, consumption of 2 l.ha-1 of flawheat and 250 kg.ha-1 of sulfur increased wheat dry weight compared to the control. Tirgan cultivar with 5298 kg.ha-1 produced highest seed yield by using two liters of Flawheat and 250 kg of sulfur per hectare. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Tirgan among the three cultivars studied in the central and eastern regions of Mazandaran province, produced higest seed yield by using of 250 kg.ha-1 of sulfur and the application of two liters per hectare of Flawheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Determination of Optimum Transplanting Date for Double Cropping of Rice (Oryza sativa L. CV. Tarom Mahalli) in Mazandaran
Majid Esmaeilzadeh Yousef Niknejad Hormoz Fallah Amoli norollah kheyriTimely transplanting is one of the major objectives of success in double cropping of rice. To determine the best transplanting dates for double cropping of Tarom mahalli in Mazandaran, a field experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three r MoreTimely transplanting is one of the major objectives of success in double cropping of rice. To determine the best transplanting dates for double cropping of Tarom mahalli in Mazandaran, a field experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicaties in Amol in 2014. Treatments were: 24 transplanting dates beginning from June 28 to September 5 with intervals of three days. The results of analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences among different transplanting dates for all agronomic traits and grain yield at 1% probability levels. Delaying transplanting increased unfilled grain number per panicle and decreased other agronomic traits including seed yield. The highest grain yield (with an average of 3975.2 kg.ha-1) was obtained at 1st of July transplanting date. This was due to the increase in the number of seeds (80.3), number of filled seed per panicle (72) and panicle number per plant (18.3). The lowest grain yield (with an average of 38.5 kg.ha-1) was obtained at the 5th of September transplanting. Early transplanting decreased days to different phonological stages (days to tillering, 50% flowering and maturity). Delay in transplanting, however, reduced daily temperature, increased number of days to the developmental stages and thus decreased seed yield. Early July transplanting due to suitable temperatures and radiation for flowering and lack of heavy rainfall increased seed yield of rice. It could be concluded that transplanting from the 28th of June to the 10th of July can be considered as the optimum transplanting date for double cropping of rice (var. Tarom mahalli) at Amol climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Measuring of per capita aquatic consumption and assessing barriers and development strategies for consumption in Mazandaran province
hossein chitsazAbstractThe main objective of this research was determination and analysis of the aquaticconsumption in the urban and rural areas, Mazandaran province. The survey method was used to achieve the research objectives and the main instrument of the research was a researcher MoreAbstractThe main objective of this research was determination and analysis of the aquaticconsumption in the urban and rural areas, Mazandaran province. The survey method was used to achieve the research objectives and the main instrument of the research was a researcher made questionnaire. The questionnaires was completed by visiting each of the research samples (Urban and rural households). 1000 number of them was assigned to the sample based on multi-stage random sampling method. A standard formula was used to estimate the amount of aquaticconsumption. The results showed that the average of per capita consumption in Mazandaran is 10.65 kg, in urban area 8.85 kg and in rural area 8.35 kg/y. On the other hand, inflation and lack of local shopping mall near the workplace and residence are considered as the main problems and obstacles of the consumption level. Regression analysis results also showed that five variables including education level, number of household members, price, income level and knowing how to cooking aquaticexplained more than 57 percent of the change in the consumption of aquatic (R2= 0.57). In the end it is proposed that planning for increasing the levels of information and public culture, diversifying the methods and programs of the extension service and promoting of the aquaticconsumption, expansion of aquaticdistribution and production centers and assistance to cooperative activities and unions in the field of aquaculture marketing and adopting supportive policies for fishing community in order to promoting their welfare and ultimately reducing the price aquatic be considered by aquatic consumption and public health planners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Study of population ecology Macrobenthos River babol (Mazandaran)
صابر وطندوست عبدالرحیم وثوقی محمد قلیزاده مائده بابازادهThis study was conducted to examine the population ecology macrobenthos Kelerud Rivers of Babol (Mazandaran province) during 2010-2011 seasons were sampled at six stations. Benthic invertebrates collected by the sampler little surber sampler were isolated in the laborat MoreThis study was conducted to examine the population ecology macrobenthos Kelerud Rivers of Babol (Mazandaran province) during 2010-2011 seasons were sampled at six stations. Benthic invertebrates collected by the sampler little surber sampler were isolated in the laboratory using a loop. Macrobenthos simultaneous sampling, hydrologic variables were recorded at each station. Generally benthic river wide crotch strap end and creams containing 5 Class 8 orders and 12 families. In total, category 5 orders and six families with the most diverse groups of insects in the river macrobenthic accounted for, of which the Ephemeroptera (day of) the most diverse and Plecopte (Springs) had the lowest variability in macrobenthic Kelerud River. The greatest diversity and abundance of all identified families with an average of 103 samples and 89/20 % belonging to the genus Heptagenia diversity and abundance with an average minimum of 3 and 60 / 0 % belonging to the family Gammaridae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Waterborne and foodborne zoonotic protozoa, an unknown threat as a biological agent in bioterrorism
N. Hajipour J. GharekhaniSome zoonotic protozoa can be easily transmitted through food and water and cause serious illnesses in humans and animals. Because these pathogenic agents have some characteristics of an effective biological agent such as latent period, low infectious doses, high resist MoreSome zoonotic protozoa can be easily transmitted through food and water and cause serious illnesses in humans and animals. Because these pathogenic agents have some characteristics of an effective biological agent such as latent period, low infectious doses, high resistance to disinfectants, they can play a role as an unknown biological agent in bioterrorism. Considering the increasing threats of bioterrorism, biological agents and their use by some colonial countries, it is necessary to identify and recognize these unknown agents and ways to prevent them. Based on a systematic study some keywords such as” bioterrorism”, “biologic”, and “protozoa zoonosis”, parasite” and names of some waterborne and foodborne parasites were searched in reliable information databases and then the related topics were studied carefully. The results of this study show that in addition to bacteria, viruses and their toxins, zoonotic protozoa such as Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Toxoplasma gondii which can be transmitted through food and water, can act as biologically hazardous agents in bioterrorism. Because these zoonotic protozoa are resistant to some disinfectants, for example, chlorine and low temperatures, so the only way to deal with these biological agents at times of crisis is to boil the water for 10-15 min at 60 ° C as well as to cook completely those food materials with the probability of contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Determination of Aflatoxin M1 level in raw milk of East Mazandaran retails (Short Comunication)
l. Golestan kh. rahimiMycotoxin contamination of foodstuff and its transmission to consumers are extremely important from the public health point of view. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic toxin found in the milk of animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. T MoreMycotoxin contamination of foodstuff and its transmission to consumers are extremely important from the public health point of view. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic toxin found in the milk of animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The aim of this study was to determine the level of AFM1 in raw milk at traditional dairy retails of the east of Mazandaran province. A total of 80 cow raw milk samples was randomly collected from retails of 10 cities of Mazandaran during March 2015. The level of AFM1 was measured by ELISA assay using commercial kits and a microplate reader. All raw milk samples contained measurable amounts of AFM1. The results showed that 6.25% of the total samples had higher concentrations permitted by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; moreover, 17.5% of the samples were contaminated with higher concentrations of AFM1 than the maximum allowed limit set by the European Commission. Results revealed any significant relationship in the AFM1 concentrations between the sampling cities. According to the outcomes, it can be concluded that adequate control measures at the farm level may have resulted in reduced concentrations of AFM1 in raw milk of Mazandaran province; however, frequent monitoring is crucial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - A Model of Knowledge Management Implementation at the University of Mazandaran
Ayoub Ramezani Mehrdad Madhoshi Hamidreza Fallah Lajimi Nader RazeghiKnowledge Management discipline is still in its infancy in Iran, and thus, includes numerous unknown and unexplored issues. Although organizations, especially the University of Mazandaran which is the case study of this research, have gradually acknowledged the importan MoreKnowledge Management discipline is still in its infancy in Iran, and thus, includes numerous unknown and unexplored issues. Although organizations, especially the University of Mazandaran which is the case study of this research, have gradually acknowledged the importance of Knowledge Management in their different units, it is still far from operationalization. Various units of Mazandaran University must consciously concern themselves with this issue and take preventive actions to take maximum advantage of this opportunity. The current study aimed to design and implement an optimal Knowledge Management plan. To this end, the researcher applied a mixed-method approach using meta-synthesis and Interpretive Structural Modeling techniques to assess the maturity of Knowledge Management and to design a model for optimizing its implementation at University of Mazandaran. Meta-synthesis results led to the identification of 98 sub-criteria (code), 14 criteria and three main dimensions in implementing Knowledge Management which were screened and localized by the researchers using Delphi technique and based on expert views and further employed to assess the maturity of knowledge management at Mazandaran University. The results of the analysis revealed that Knowledge Management was at an undesirable maturity level. The study offers a number of implications and suggestions to promote the maturity level of knowledge management at this university Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - همبستگی کیفیت زندگی و بهرهوری علمی اعضای هیأت علمی
حیدر جانعلی زاده سیف اله فرزانه علی اصغر غلامیاین مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین کیفیت زندگی و بهرهوری علمی اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه مازندران مبادرت نموده است. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه استاندارد شده کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت و محقق ساخته استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر را کلیه اعضای هیأت علمی دانش Moreاین مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین کیفیت زندگی و بهرهوری علمی اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه مازندران مبادرت نموده است. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه استاندارد شده کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت و محقق ساخته استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر را کلیه اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه مازندران تشکیل دادند. برای انتخاب حجم نمونه از شیوه تمام شماری استفاده شده است. جهت بررسی پایایی پرسشنامه از پیش آزمون و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. یافته-های حاصل از پژوهش بیانگر هبستگی معنیدار بین کیفیت زندگی و بهره وری علمی اعضای هیأت علمی میباشد. این بدان معنی است که اساتیدی که از سطح کیفیت زندگی مطلوبتری برخوردار بوده اند، دارای میزان بهره وری علمی بالاتری نیز بودهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - * بررسی میزان هوش فرهنگی دانشجویان دانشگاههای آزاد اسلامی شرق استان مازندران
هوشنگ ظهیری حمیده سلیم بهرامی ناصر پوررضا حسین احمدی فاطمه ذبیحی محمودرضا علیزادهبیتوجهی به هوش فرهنگی که از بنیانهای توسعه در ابعاد مختلفی تلقی میشود، میتواند به پرورشی نامتوازن در دانشجویان بیانجامد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی میزان هوش فرهنگی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شرق استان مازندران بود. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه توصیفی از نوع زمینهیابی Moreبیتوجهی به هوش فرهنگی که از بنیانهای توسعه در ابعاد مختلفی تلقی میشود، میتواند به پرورشی نامتوازن در دانشجویان بیانجامد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی میزان هوش فرهنگی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شرق استان مازندران بود. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه توصیفی از نوع زمینهیابی انتخاب شد. جامعهی آماری به تعداد 13917 نفر بوده که بر اساس روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان تعداد 375 نفر از دانشجویان به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامه استاندارد هوش فرهنگی ارلی و آنگ(2004) بود. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، با استفاده از آمار توصیفی (فراوانی و درصد) و آمار استنباطی (آزمون t تک نمونهای) انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که میزان هوش فرهنگی و مؤلفه-های آن در دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شرق استان مازندران بالاتر از حد انتظار بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The role of media literacy in the production of social capital among the youth of Mazandaran province
Shahryar Sajedi Raeesi Davood Doagooyan Ali Rahmani Firozjah Majedeh Gholipour -
Open Access Article
73 - Marginalization and its Effect on the Social Damages (Case Study: Eastern Mazandaran)
Hossein Barzegar Valikchali -
Open Access Article
74 - A Study on the Difference of Social Capital among the Youth Emphasizing on Sport Participation
Ali Rahmani Firouzjah Mahmoud Sharepour Sedigheh Rezaei Pasha -
Open Access Article
75 - The Influence of Sociological Factors on Usage of Mazandarani Language among the Youth
Hossein GHasemi Seyed Ahmad Jafari Kelarijani Mohsen Jafarzadeh Ali Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
76 - A Sociological Study on the Effective Factors Involving in Academic Failure (Case Study: Mazandaran High-School Students)
Mehrdad Salehi Manouchehr Pahlavan Ali Asghar ShojaeiThe present paper examines the sociological factors affecting the decline in academic failure. In this study, the theoretical approaches of functionalism, structuralism, interactivity and critique are used. Using literature and research history, four hypotheses were ext MoreThe present paper examines the sociological factors affecting the decline in academic failure. In this study, the theoretical approaches of functionalism, structuralism, interactivity and critique are used. Using literature and research history, four hypotheses were extracted. From the point of view of the target, it is a survey method. The statistical population of this research includes secondary school students of Mazandaran Province in the academic year (2017-2018). The sample size calculated according to the Cochran formula was 170 students. To obtain the samples, a simple random method was used. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and using tables and inferential statistics in SPPS statistics software. Findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between non-family variables, socioeconomic status, occupational attitude and social capital with decreasing academic failure in the statistical society. Regarding the results of regression analysis and path analysis, the variables with coefficients (36%), (32%), (31%), (30%), the highest coefficient of the effect of standardized regression on dependent variables has had. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Potential Measurement and Estimation of Wind Power Characteristics for Energy Generation (Synoptic Stations of Mazandaran Province)
Rayhaneh Baayramvand Sadroddin motevalli Gholam Reza Janbaz Ghobadi Khabat DerafshiRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of manage MoreRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. Current study has been done with the aim of spatial capability of wind energy in Mazandaran Province with emphasis on its topography. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity data over a period of 12 years. Statistic data of 15 synoptic meteorological stations in the province at a height of 10 meters were used to collect daily wind speed and direction data. After calculating the average wind speed, wind speed continuity and wind power density in the meteorological stations, layers of each were prepared at heights of 10, 30 and 50 m using interpolation in ArcGIS software environment. The 50-meter-high wind speed zoning map in Mazandaran Province shows that among the study stations, Baladeh station with an average monthly wind speed of 5.98 meters per second at a height of 50 meters, has a maximum wind speed of 7.78 meters per second in July. This station experiences wind speeds of more than 6 meters per second for about 7 months of the year (April to October), especially during the warmer months of the year. This station also has the highest wind power density (WPD) with 51, 142 and 228 watts per square meter respectively at a height of 10, 30 and 50 meters above the ground. Also, the station has the highest amount of electrical energy output in Mazandaran Province with an average annual wind power of 58.4 kW, amount of electricity generated annually about 511452 kWh per year and network capacity of 17.7%. Therefore, this area is a suitable place in Mazandaran province for installing wind turbines and constructing wind power plant to generate electricity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The relation of the management styles with the managerial efficiency and the ranking in the executive agencies: the case of Mazandaran
Ahmad Jaafarnezhad Hamzeh Samadi Miarkolaei Hossein Samadi Miarkolaei -
Open Access Article
79 - Wind power plants site selection using Boolean model and ArcGIS (Case study: Mazandaran Province)
Reyhaneh Bairamvand Sadroddin Motevalli GholamReza Janbaz Ghobadi Khabat DerafshiRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of manage MoreRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. A descriptive, analytical and field approach is used in this study. The spatial capability of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province was evaluated using spatial and quantitative data. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity information over a period of 12 years. Then, based on the group of experts, documentary and library studies, scientific resources in this field and available data, four climatic, economic, environmental-social and topographical factors, have been selected as the most important indicators to determine suitable areas for the establishment of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province. These four criteria include 18 sub-criteria and after weighting and overlapping, the final zoning map was prepared using the Boolean model. According to the final map, the central strip of the province within the boundaries of Noor, Amol and Babol counties, the northern parts of Noor and Sari counties, the south of Savadkooh and Qaemshahr counties, as well as the central and southern parts of Behshahr county, are more suitable areas than other parts of Mazandaran Province for establishing wind power plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Determining the potential of flooding using Topsis method, case study mazandaran province, Galandrud catchment
Reza Esmaili Eesa Jokar Sarhangi Parvin Roshan NekoVarious factors such as morphometric of the basin, rainfall, soil type and vegetation have an important role in the potential of flooding. Flood hazard mapping is very important for catchment Management. Catchment morphometric parameters control its hydrologic response. MoreVarious factors such as morphometric of the basin, rainfall, soil type and vegetation have an important role in the potential of flooding. Flood hazard mapping is very important for catchment Management. Catchment morphometric parameters control its hydrologic response. Understanding a basin’s response to high rainfall based on geomorphological indices can be valuable when studying flood hazard in ungauged catchments. The study area, Galandrud catchment is located in the northeastern Alborz, Mazandaran province and south of Royan city. In this research, Galandrud catchment divided to 12 sub- catchment. Twelve criteria were chosen; including catchment area, drainage density, compactness coefficient, circularity ratio, confluence ratio, area ratio, length ratio, basin slope, river gradient, concentration time, mean annual precipitation and curve number. To quantify potential of flood these parameters are integrated with a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The TOPSIS technique is one of the multi criteria decision making method, which, it is defined as the alternative that is simultaneously farthest from the negative ideal and closest to the ideal alternative. The weight for each indicator is determined based on Shannon’s entropy. The results of the TOPSIS analyses indicated that sub-catchments 12, 10 and 3 with closeness coefficient 0.548, 0.486 and 0.462 have ranking 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Evaluation of morphological and biochemical traits of wild primrose (Dionysia revolute) in north of Iran under the influence of ecological factor of altitude
Mehdi Mohammadi Azni Hossein MoradiEnvironmental factors are the most important factors affecting morphological traits and expression of chemical synthesizing genes. Wild primrose has compounds such as calicillin, benzabolol, quinolone, thymol and is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal and infec MoreEnvironmental factors are the most important factors affecting morphological traits and expression of chemical synthesizing genes. Wild primrose has compounds such as calicillin, benzabolol, quinolone, thymol and is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal and infectious wounds. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of differences in elevation level in Mazandaran province (Azni area with a height of 1035 meters and the Kasoot area with a height of 481 meters) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wild primrose. The studied phytochemical traits included total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity of samples using DPPH as well as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content. Also, morphological traits including leaf length, leaf width, root length, pedicel length, petiole length, and number of leaf were measured at the site of plant growth. Results showed that with increasing altitude in Azni site, leaf area, leaf width, petiole length, and pedicel length decreased compared to Kasoot region. But the plants in Azni region had longer roots and more leaves. On the other hand, the plants in Azni had higher leaf and flower flavonoid contents and their total phenol contents were more than those in Kasoot area. But considering the antioxidants and photosynthetic pigments, plants in Kasoot had significantly higher contents. In general, morphological traits decreased with increasing altitude while biochemical properties such as phenol and flavonoids increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of height and soil properties on some secondary metabolites of different organs of sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) in different natural habitats of Mazandaran province
Niloofar Zakaria Nejad Hossein Moradi Pourya Biparva Zahra MemarianiVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountain MoreVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Evaluation of essential oil composition in three population of Hymenocrater calycinus( Boiss.) Benth. in different regions of Mazandaran province
Younes Asri Fereshteh Sadeh Hoseinabad Ghaeini Atosa Vaziri Mohammad AkbarzadehHymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. is belongs to Lamiaceae family as an medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which has been wild distributed in rocky, Juniperus woodland and Artemisia steppe habitats in North, North East, East and Central o MoreHymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. is belongs to Lamiaceae family as an medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which has been wild distributed in rocky, Juniperus woodland and Artemisia steppe habitats in North, North East, East and Central of Iran (150-2500 m). In this research to purpose of evaluated of quality and quantity of plant essential oil, the aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from three wild populations of Hymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. (Baladeh paein, 1100 m; Baladeh bala, 1950 m and Orost, 1350 m) in Mazandaran province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 56 compounds were identified in the essential oils of all H. calycinus populations. Most components of the plant were identified in the Baladeh bala site (37 compounds), while the highest yields was observed in the Orost site (1.27%). Hexadecanoic acid, spathulenol and 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone were the main components of essential oils in all three regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Evaluation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Collected from two sites in North Country
hadi koohsari hamide khormali ayeshe khormaliThis study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. T MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined by colorimetric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method and then the antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extract were determined by broth micro dilution tube method. The results were showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content and then the antioxidant capacity of plant from Sari region was more than in Amol region. The MIC values which obtained fromSari against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysentery and E. coli were 12, 12, 190 and 390 µg/ml respectively, while these values from Amol were 24, 24, 780 and 1560 µg/ml respectively, which results were also confirmed in agar well diffusion method and then in conclusion the plant extract from Sari region had the highest content of secondary metabolites , antioxidant and antibacterial activity against tested bacteria and there is the direct correlation between phyto chemistry and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Phytochemical Study of Ethanolic Extract of Fraxinus excelsior L. in Different Habitats of Hyrcanian Forests in Mazandaran Province
Masoomeh Soleimany Rahim abadi seyed mohammad hosseini nar hamid jalilvand seyed mohammad hojatti poriya biparvaFraxinus excelsior L. is a forest species with versatile biological and medicinal activities that its extracts are used as a model for making new compounds in the treatment of various human diseases. In this study, in order to investigate how the biochemical characteris MoreFraxinus excelsior L. is a forest species with versatile biological and medicinal activities that its extracts are used as a model for making new compounds in the treatment of various human diseases. In this study, in order to investigate how the biochemical characteristics of this forest species are affected by environmental conditions, four habitats of Perchink, Amreh, Alandan and Qarnsara with an altitude of 200 to 1400 meters, were selected in Tajan and Siahroud watersheds located in Mazandaran province. In each habitat, skin samples were taken from 3 trees (repeated) in summer. Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration and were analyzed by GC/MS and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were measured. The most important compounds of extracts were included: benzeneethanol (30.33-51.35%), d-allose (6.20-31.72%), scopoletin (14.65-26.83%), tyrosol acetate (5.37-9.06%), carvacrol (0-4.93%), homovanillyl alcohol (3.84- 6.53%) which increased with increasing altitude. Also, there was negative relationship between the identified compounds and soil nutrients. Among them, only polyphenol tyrosol acetate behaved differently from the other compounds in a way that showed a negative relationship with the altitude factor and a positive correlation with the amount of carbon and absorbable phosphorus in the soil. Also, the chemical composition of d-allose was not observed in Perchink habitat. These results were showed that the chemical properties of this tree skin are affected by habitat conditions, which caused increases the species' resistance to pathogens. As a result, considering that the amount of active ingredients in this species was higher at higher altitudes and the presence of these compounds increases the resistance to pathogens, it seems planting this species is more productive at higher altitudes to achieve multiple goals in afforestation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Phytochemical study and comparison of natural compounds in essential oil and extract of Epilobium hirsutum by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods
Fatemeh Sadat Tafrishi Mahboubeh TaherkhaniEpilobium belonging to the Onagraceae family has many medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-androgenic in traditional medicine. In this study, the aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum L.were collected a MoreEpilobium belonging to the Onagraceae family has many medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-androgenic in traditional medicine. In this study, the aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum L.were collected at the flowering stage from the heights of central Alborz, Mazandaran province, between Siah Bisheh and Zangoleh Bridge on July 19, 2017 and phytochemically studied for effective volatile compounds in essential oils and natural products in the extract. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using celvenger apparatus and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC-MS method. Based on the results, the main compounds in the essential oil were related to alpha-pinene with 21.65%, delta-cadinen (15.29%) and 1 -8-cineole (12.24%). Hydrocarbon terpenes had the highest concentration in the essential oil. The natural compound in E. hirsutum extract was purified by column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). As a result, a natural compound called epigallocatechin gallate was extracted and identified by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and DEPT spectrophotometric techniques and its molecular structure was determined. In addition, the plant extract was investigated for the presence of phytochemical content and the presence of flavonoids (Shinoda method), alkaloids (Mayer test), tannins (Ferric chloride method), saponins (Froth method) and glycosides (Keller-Kiliani test). The presence of flavonoids (red color), Alkaloids (yellow precipitate) saponins (foam layer), glycosides (bluish green layer) and tannins (dark green for Catechol tannin) in the extract was aproved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The development of sustainable energy with the optimal site selection for solar power plants ( Case Study: Mazandaran province)
Reza LahmianThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential t MoreThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential to exploit solar energy. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In general, finding the right place or places great importance in every field so that the whole range of research has focused on, The most important GIS is largely achievable. Methods This cross-sectional study to examine the issue of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytical network process (ANP) has been used. ANP is a multi-criteria decision-making techniques in a series of compensatory models will be, and All interactions and relationships between levels of decision-making at the network structure can be used in, But since less network analysis to determine the final priority options are used to more sophisticated methods such as TOPSIS technique was used. After taking the required layers and reclassification, possible locations in the study area was determined. In order to evaluate the result of three main factors topsis population, proximity to transmission lines and close to the examined. The evaluation indicated that TOPSIS high compliance with the above three criteria are ideal options. Finally, it was found that about 4771/960 square kilometers of area of the province, there is the possibility to construct solar power plants.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Indicators of City Development Strategy In the worn-out area of the middle cities of Mazandaran province
yaser ghasemi asadollah divsalar pari shokri firozjah Mahnaz KeshavarzOne of the important and decisive factors in the development, dynamism and stability of any urban community is the comprehensive policy and planning in the context of the organization of urban old and worn- out texture. Planning and management of the organization of urb MoreOne of the important and decisive factors in the development, dynamism and stability of any urban community is the comprehensive policy and planning in the context of the organization of urban old and worn- out texture. Planning and management of the organization of urban worn-out texture can, in addition to Promoting the quality Standard of living the worn -out neighborhoods Residents ,lead to sustainable development in all aspects of urban life. In the past few decades, due to the inadequacy of common urban development policies in the context of organizing worn-out texture, it's necessary to use a new approach such as City Development Strategy (CDS) for regeneration. In this regard, the purpose of this study is evaluation and analysis of City development strategy indicators in the central worn-out area of middle cities of mazandaran province. the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose is development –applied. data collection method is library studies and field data collection using questionnaires.The collected data was entered into the SPSS software and inferential statistics and entropy and SAW models has been used for data analysis. The results of research indicate that central area of the studied cities don't have a favorable situation with in accordingto good City development strategy indicators. Among the indicators of City development strategy, the highest rate of realization is related to the livability index with an average of 2.39 and a distribution of -10.89, and the lowest level of realization is related to the Bankability index with an average of 2.24 and a distribution of -12.26. Accordingto the saw model, the city of Qaemshahr in terms of the City development strategy indicators has better status in comparison of other cities and ,the city of Babol is in the final ranking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluating Solid Waste Management System of Urban Settlements (Case study: Mazandaran Province)
Jamal Mohammadi Mohammad Reza Kanani Masoumeh AkbariSolid waste materials are among the inevitable products of every society and their management is one of the basic needs of every community. Therefore, it is essential that the manager of solid waste materials perform in a frame of a systematic and targeted system, so th MoreSolid waste materials are among the inevitable products of every society and their management is one of the basic needs of every community. Therefore, it is essential that the manager of solid waste materials perform in a frame of a systematic and targeted system, so that in cases of need, he can prevent reduction of resources and even environmental pollution. Therefore, the present research, with the aim of evaluating solid waste materials’ management system in the urban residences of Mazandaran Province and with the aim to present the necessary preparation to improve it, was undertaken. The method in this research is descriptive– analytical type. Thus, after studying the literature of research, the Delphi method was used for selection criteria. Then, in order to equalize comparison criteria, distance bipolar comparison method was used and in order to determine the proportional importance of the criteria, the weighting techniques and the Anthropic method were used. In this study, evaluating and ranking was performed using Multi-Criterion Decision Making Methods. Therefore, in the compensatory group, Multi-Characteristics Decision Making Models; from subgroup of grading and scoring, simple total weight method; and, from adaptive subgroup, the rating method based on the similarity were used ideally and finally. The final ranking was determined using the average method of ranks. It seems that cities of Babol and Abbass-Abad have allocated themselves the first and the last ranks in urban residences and in next rates, cites like Tonekabon, Babolsar after cities of Babol, and cities of Farim and Balladeh are located after Abbass Abad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Optimal Economic Model of Cultivation to Reduce the Impacts of Environmental Pollution in Mazandaran Province
Majid Ghorbani Abolfazl Mahmoudi mohsen shookat fadaei Mohammad KhalediThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environment MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environmental pollution based on data from the year 1396-97. The results of the market model showed that the use of water, machinery and capital for production of crops in the province, in particular, oilseeds were more than needed and the same amounts of production could be obtained by using smaller amounts of these inputs. Gained. Also, given the limitations and available resources, soybean cultivation should be reduced by 45% and canola cultivation by 18% to achieve the optimal model. The results of the social model showed that the production of oilseeds in the province would only be possible with government support for the agricultural sector. The results suggest that instead of focusing on subsidies for fertilizers and chemical pesticides, other areas such as technical knowledge promotion, insurance, warehousing, transportation, commodity exchange, standardization, export, package Classify and grade these supports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Verb In Shahmirzadi's Dialect
soraya razeghiShahmirzad is one ofthe oldest town locating in Semnan province .this citycalled asparadise of desert dueto its fascinating gardens and excellent weather. its also famous because ofdeep bonding to our cultural values. People’s speaking style is d MoreShahmirzad is one ofthe oldest town locating in Semnan province .this citycalled asparadise of desert dueto its fascinating gardens and excellent weather. its also famous because ofdeep bonding to our cultural values. People’s speaking style is derived andoriginated from combination of ancient Persian as well as partly Mazandaran’speople speaking style . Some verbs at this kind of vocalization are persistedand remained from old verbs form in the Dari’s Persian as well as ancientPersian . In this essay it is mentioned and clarified some resemblances ( inaccordance with ancient scripts ) and also the most significant verbsconstruction which are widely common and used in this kind of dialect .With the intention of gathering this survey itis utilized some local source such as Jonge Maghsoud by Ghorbanali Maghsoudiand Asinak from another author Asmaeil Khaksar . Other information is basedupon background as well as investigation of author birthing from parents whoare shamirzadi’s speakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Investigation comparative curse thematic in the common couplets Mazandaran and Khorasan province
mehdi mahouzi mahmoud tavousi vida saraviThematic is the main spirit humanity thought that it exhibit to different methods in himself. curse is natural reaction downtrodden disable humans. On the opposite power, that impossible fighting together and against with those is inconceivable. Investigation dialogic a MoreThematic is the main spirit humanity thought that it exhibit to different methods in himself. curse is natural reaction downtrodden disable humans. On the opposite power, that impossible fighting together and against with those is inconceivable. Investigation dialogic action curse represent on different dialogic that the most individuals open to lip to curse in time anger or infirm and weak. The among in models common poetry couplets is the nearest and most heartfelt model poetry that communicate easily poet and listener. Studied with method the descriptive analytical curse types and had been imaginable purposes of in more than three thousands common couplets Mazandarani and Khorasani. According to the findings of this study that in the common couplets, curse to girl have uppermost high frequency. The reason of this also have been unfaithfulness and empathetic defeated and lovely. After curse to girl have uppermost high frequency curse to lovely competitor, curse to fortune luck himself, curse to mother girl, curse to girl family and curse to woman. In really be able to total this curses, in false constitution that become cause to exist gap classism. Comparably with fellowship, lovers failure and disability and disappointment humanity on opposite power superhuman have origin natural or human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - A Comparative Study on the Historical Development of “ra” in Persian and Mazandarani
Hassan BashirnezhadThe syntactic marker "ra" in Persian and some Iranian languages was discussed in various sources from different viewpoints. Some linguists have studied the historical development of this marker from ancient Persian to the present day. Mazandarani is an Iranian varnacula MoreThe syntactic marker "ra" in Persian and some Iranian languages was discussed in various sources from different viewpoints. Some linguists have studied the historical development of this marker from ancient Persian to the present day. Mazandarani is an Iranian varnacular which has retained many lexical and syntactic features of medieval and even ancient Iranian languages. In this article, the syntactic behavior of “ra” as a function marker of noun has been investigated and then, various functions of “ra” in contemporary Mazandarani have been compared with its historical development in Persian. Research data have been extracted from some old and new written sources of Mazandarani as well as through the field method from some Mazandarani native speakers or the author's linguistic knowledge as a native speaker of that area. A survey on data from Mazandarani dialect, shows that today, “ra” is used as a direct object marker, indirect object marker, and dative marker in this language. Syntactic behavior of "ra" in Mazandarani, as an Iranian language, confirms the existing theory about the historical development of "ra" in Persian. However, in many cases today, in Mazanderani, (ĵā-) and its various forms have been replaced for “ra” as indirect object marker and “ra” is less frequently used as dative marker. So it can be predicted that in recent future, “ra” will be stabilized as direct object marker. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation and Analysis of Information of "manner", "path" and "motion" in Mazandarani Language Based on Cognitive Linguistics
Zahra gholzadeh geravi Zahra Babasalari Saeed Yazdani Mohammad Hossein Sharaf ZadehThe purpose of this research is cognitive study of patterns and the dominant one for distributing information about the manner, path, and motion in Mazandarani language. Through interviews and conversations with 15 native speakers over 50 years old. The data were collec MoreThe purpose of this research is cognitive study of patterns and the dominant one for distributing information about the manner, path, and motion in Mazandarani language. Through interviews and conversations with 15 native speakers over 50 years old. The data were collected and recorded. In order to conduct interviews, efforts were made to focus on situations and contexts in which the possibility of a motion event occurring was high. The recorded speech data were then represented in writing. In analyzing the meaning of verbs, the focus was only on the explicit and physical meaning, and the metaphorical and implicit meanings were avoided. Then, based on Talamy criteria (2000b), data were analyzed. The results show that there are six patterns of lexicography in Mazandarani language. The other one is mentioned as it is not possible to determine the dominant pattern for the distribution of information about manner and path in the Mazandarani language since, in this language, motor verbs render this information into words to the same extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Reflection of love oaths in native and local couplets of Mazandaran and Khorasan
Vida SaraviOaths like all daily phenomena and creations are full of mythological and ancient symbols, beliefs, and sign in the course of the work and effort and continuity of the people of every lands. In fact, Oaths are a reflection of beliefs, ideas, and culture of how to compro MoreOaths like all daily phenomena and creations are full of mythological and ancient symbols, beliefs, and sign in the course of the work and effort and continuity of the people of every lands. In fact, Oaths are a reflection of beliefs, ideas, and culture of how to compromise and tolerate and continue the social life in each era which is mixed with the specific biological, geographical and cultural characteristics of that age in discussions and searches in anthropology are an expressive and valuable elements. Native and local songs are an important part of oral literature. In folk songs, couplets are a good way to express romantic moods and emotions. In this research, considering library and field method, more than 3000 native couplets of Mazandaran love oaths and 120 Khorasan ones have been studied. Means that about 4% of the romantic oath are observed. These vows are divided into general and specific categories in terms of the content. Based on the classification of types of love oaths and research findings, it can be said that in Mazandaran, the oath of love to God and in Khorasan the oath of love to the Qur'an has the highest frequencies. In the rest of the oaths as: Oath of lover and beloved against each other, Oath of religious sanctity to the beloved loving, oath by the mole on the face, eyes, and eyebrows of the beloved, The oath to the soul of the beloved and his brother, and the oath to the lover of natural phenomena.The statistics of the oaths of love of the two provinces are near to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Identifying Factors Influencing Users' Satisfaction with the Central Library Document Center Services in the University of Mazandaran
Majan Kian Hossein Narimani Nosrat Riahi NiaThis study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the users' satisfaction with the document center services of the central library and document center in the University of Mazandaran. The research was a survey research and a researcher-made questionnaire was used MoreThis study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the users' satisfaction with the document center services of the central library and document center in the University of Mazandaran. The research was a survey research and a researcher-made questionnaire was used that included 23 closed-ended and one open-ended questions. The research population was all the students who came to the document center services of the central library and document center of the University of Mazandaran during 2011-2012 academic year. Two hundred and sixty students were selected during two months, using available sampling. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, using Chi-square and one-sample t tests. The results showed that the users were satisfied with the electronic services, databases, and the staff skills, but dissatisfied with the equipments and timetables. The most used services by the users were SID (Scientific Data Center) and Science Direct databases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The Feasibility of Using E-mail in Student Formative Evaluation
Kamian Khazaei Fatemeh kakvanThe present study aims to investigate the feasibility of using email in student formative evaluation in west of Mazandaran province. The purpose of this research was applied and the method was descriptive survey. The statistical sample included 400 university professors MoreThe present study aims to investigate the feasibility of using email in student formative evaluation in west of Mazandaran province. The purpose of this research was applied and the method was descriptive survey. The statistical sample included 400 university professors in West of Mazandaran province. The sample size has been 162 based on Morgan table. Stratified random sampling method was used. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 27 questions on a Likert scale. Cronbach alpha was calculated 0.778. Both descriptive and inferential statistics methods, together with SPSS software, were used for data analysis. One sample ttest was used at inferential level. Findings showed that the professors in west of Mazandaran province are desirably familiar with email. From their perspective, the use of email is possible and effective in formative evaluation. They also believe that all email supplies (band width, high speed internet, honesty, cultural context, students' attitudes changing, and professors' attitudes changing) are highly necessary in formative evaluation. Besides, factors like: 'to be time consuming, the possibility of fraud, causing trouble for professors, the seriousness of barriers, lack of information literacy, lack of standards and administrative barriers'; are serious barriers to formative evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Study of the Effect of IT Training Courses On Improving the Performance of the Staff in Mazandran Medical Science University
Seyed Sajjad Fazli Saeeid Saffaryan Fatemeh Hashemnejad The aim of the research was to study the effect of IT training courses on improving the performance of the staff in Mazandaran Medical Science University. The research method was a descriptive survey one. The statistical population included all staffs (1024 subj More The aim of the research was to study the effect of IT training courses on improving the performance of the staff in Mazandaran Medical Science University. The research method was a descriptive survey one. The statistical population included all staffs (1024 subjects) and all managers (113 people). Among them, 284 staffs and 88 managers were selected through stratified random sampling method using Kerjecie and Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was estimated 0/89 through Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that information technology training courses had significant effect on improving the performance of the staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Sociological analysis of the relationship between social quality and social exclusion in excluded groups in the outskirts of the cities of Mazandaran province
Leyla Forghani Ali Rahmani Firoozjah Sayed naser HejaziSocial exclusion means deprivation of participation in social institutions, and civil rights, and the process of separation from the labor market, communities and social organizations. The present article has applied and sociological analysis of the relationship between MoreSocial exclusion means deprivation of participation in social institutions, and civil rights, and the process of separation from the labor market, communities and social organizations. The present article has applied and sociological analysis of the relationship between social quality and social exclusion in marginalized groups in the outskirts. Its survey method and the most important data collection tool is a made researcher questionnaire .Cronbach's alpha of the variables is above 0.70. Content validity was used to measure the validity of items and questions. According to research findings, there is a significant negative relationship between social quality in three indicators of social cohesion, empowerment and socio-economic security with social exclusion. Social quality69 percent explains the percentage of reduction in social exclusion. In the meantime, social cohesion has the most effect on reducing exclusion from social relations and basic services, empowerment on reducing exclusion from neighborhood relations, and socio-economic security on reducing exclusion from financial resources.The total correlation between the variables is above average Social exclusion is different between men and women and there is a relationship between income and social exclusion. In general, as the social quality of marginalized groups increases, their social exclusion decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - A Study on the relationship between Social Capital and Sustainable Urban Development (Case of study: Mazandaran province)
moharram azad ali rahmani firuozjah Ali Asghar Abbasi AsfajirThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and sustainable urban development in the urban population of Mazandaran province over the last 20 years. In order to investigate the relationship between these two variables, theories proposed by Put MoreThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and sustainable urban development in the urban population of Mazandaran province over the last 20 years. In order to investigate the relationship between these two variables, theories proposed by Putnam, Fukuyama, Misra, Einstein and Driscott were used. Data were collected using a survey method and a questionnaire tool from a statistical sample of 400 subjects. The descriptive findings of the current research showed that the status of the social capital index and all its components (i.e. social awareness, social trust, generalized norms, social participation and social cohesion) and the sustainable urban development index and all its dimensions (i.e. economic sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, physical sustainability and institutional sustainability) were located at the lower level than the moderate level. The explanatory findings of the research showed that social capital and all its components had a strong direct and significant relationship with sustainable urban development. In Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between social capital and all its components with sustainable urban development was significant. In multivariate regression analysis, the effects of all social capital components (other than generalized norms) were significant. Based on the Beta coefficient, variables social trust and social participation, respectively had the most impact on sustainable urban development. Also, َaccording to the results of structural equation modeling, on the basis of various indices, the theoretical model of the research had a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Genetic Parameters for Body Weight and Laying Traits in Mazandaran Native Breeder Hens
A.A. Shadparvar B. Enayati -
Open Access Article
103 - Prevalence of the Internal and External Infection in Turdus merula in Mazandaran Province
Jafar Hossienzadeh Mohammad Reza Youssefi ABDULHANI SHOJAETuka is one of the domestic birds of Iran that lives in jungles & bushes this bird with a large amount of variety and also with a special beauty, could be considered as a member of environmental series. It is also one of the birds that can catch some parasite infect MoreTuka is one of the domestic birds of Iran that lives in jungles & bushes this bird with a large amount of variety and also with a special beauty, could be considered as a member of environmental series. It is also one of the birds that can catch some parasite infection. Internal parasites mushy consist of Nematode and a few number of Cestoda and external parasites consist of scabies and louse. In order to check the outbreak of internal and external parasites, sampling from killed Tukas started in Mazandaran province after inspecting the skin & feather of the bird, the contents of digesting system and gathering parasite samples, after passing ways of laboratorial assessment, observed things were registered .Overall, from 30 under studding tuka, it was reported that 100% were infected by Acantocefal , 38% were infected by louse Plesialuse, 46% were infected by cestoda Hymenolepis and 94% were infected by scabies Megninia Cubitalis. According to these internal & external parasites in region, it is needed to study more about epidemiology, vectors and pathogenesis of this parasite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Study of the Agricultural Landscape Evolution in Mazandaran Province in the First Pahlavi Era
Mehrdad Divsalar Mohammad Taqi Rahnamaei Mohammad Husain Farajiha Mohammad MahmodpourThe cultural landscape of the people of Mazandaran, which in the period under study, the first Pahlavi Era (1925-1941), included a limited geography of the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan today from the western extremity of Ramsar to the eastern extremity of Marave MoreThe cultural landscape of the people of Mazandaran, which in the period under study, the first Pahlavi Era (1925-1941), included a limited geography of the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan today from the western extremity of Ramsar to the eastern extremity of Maraveh Tappeh ;were scattered throughout history due to the diversity of climatic conditions and natural geography in the three geographical units of plain, Foothills and mountainous regions and based on the agricultural-livestock economics. Before the first Pahlavi, the geographical Landscape of the Mazandaran settlements was a stationary situation, but with the special policies of the first Pahlavi in the direction of modernization of Iran, there was a tremendous development in Mazandaran geographic Landscape. The present study aims to investigate the changes and evolutions in the Mazandaran agriculture geography in the first Pahlavi era from the viewpoint of the Landscape school. The landscape model examines nature changes in historical periods in a specific geography based on the applied policies. Due to the policy of modernization, many corrective programs were implemented in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province. Mazandaran agricultural landscapes were changed by the first Pahlavi activities in order to mechanize Mazandaran agriculture and commercialization and industrialization of agricultural products. The modern state added a lot of land to the total agricultural land of Mazandaran by conquering nature and dominating it by drying the marshes and drainage, building a dam and bridge, and inhibiting the outbreak of water and dominating the water resources. As a result, the open field landscape, which until then was only the Mazandaran agricultural landscape, expanded vastly. New lands were also allocated in plain and foothill areas on plains and hills to cultivate new crops and to create orchard and hill Landscapes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Role of Traditional Houses in Mountainous and Hilly Villages in Rural Sustainable Development in Western Mazandaran (Tonekabon - Ramsar)
nasrollah molaeihashjin masoomeh hosseinnejadIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in MoreIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in the past. Villages in Northern Iran were a destination for travelers. Rural houses are important elements of developing rural tourism. The main objective of present research is to study and investigate on mountainous and hilly villages located in Western Mazandaran because traditional houses enjoy an exclusively architectural buildings derived from villagers’ traditions and cultures followed by naturalistic characteristics of the region in question. Methodology Regarding the main question, “What is the role of traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages, as important elements of villages’ economic survival and cultural identity, in rural sustainable development in Western Mazandaran?” and the subjects and objectives of the research, the following hypotheses were proposed: -Rural tourism activities can promote villagers’ economy as a supplementary income. *Corresponding Author: nmolaeih@iaurasht.ac.ir -Using natural attractions and with various uses, traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages can be influential in attracting tourists and developing tourism in the region in question. -Tourism can decrease the rate of migration and stabilize population in the regions in question. -Creating a tourism village can develop rural tourism in addition to preserving the traditional identity and culture of villages in the regions in question. Descriptive-analytic method has been utilized in this research along with documentary, library and field studies. Tools such as tables, pictures, interviews, and questionnaires have also been utilized. The data collected are analyzed and concluded by test and SPSS software. Findings and discussions The area of question in this research is located in Western Mazandaran. This region is from 50 degrees and 35 minutes to 50 degrees and 45 minutes of eastern longitudes and from 36 degrees and 30 minutes to 36 degrees and 40 minutes of northern latitudes that includes the cities of Ramsar and Tonekabon. The subject population of the study consists of families living in mountainous and hilly villages of Ramsar and Tonekabon, tourists, managers, and experts of organizations and institutions related to villages of the region. 20 villages (6 hilly and 14 mountainous) out of total 274 villages in the region were randomly chosen as sample population. Out of 1478 families in 20 villages, 307 families were chosen. Since there is no clear-cut figure of tourists, 384 samples were selected using Chokran formula and Morgan Table. Finally, Due to the limited number of managers and experts, all of them were chosen. -The number of houses in the villages under study was 304. 89, 105, and 110 houses had 29 percent of Darvarchin, 35 percent of Zigameh, and 36 percent of new building materials, respectively. Thus, 64 percent of total houses in the study region was traditional. -One of the basic differences between local and new houses lies in their function regarding their pattern change, reduction of areas under construction, change in village tissue, etc. The most important developments made in housing and the function changes followed by them include the type and pattern of houses, building materials, change in the size and cost of building houses. Results -Studies and tests carried out on the variables among villagers and authorities all indicate that regarding the traditional economy of living in the region under study, tourism activities can act as a complementary source of income and promote economic abilities of villagers. Tourism has been able to activate other economic parts that resulted in job creation and economic development. -Studies reveal that since tourists are strange people that travel to villages based on their curiosity to see natural landscapes and know the customs and traditions of the regions, rural social values, cultural and folkloric elements can affect the attraction of tourists. With regard to the functional quality and meeting the human needs, rural houses have been able to make tourists choose them for stays instead of other places such as hostels, inns, tents, etc. -Survey conducted indicate that increase in the income resulted from selling land, controlled building constructions, house renting, and providing tourists with services and facilities have caused the villagers to buy house in cities and consider their village houses as the second dwelling places. -Traditional houses, their method of architecture besides natural attractions and landscapes have gained tourists attentions. A lot number of tourists prefer traditional and new houses to hotels and inns for stays in villages. Therefore, creation of tourism village can cause rural tourism in addition to the preservation of traditional culture. -Establishing an ecomusium ( tourism village) as a suitable place for introducing culture and preserving cultural values of villages of the region, participation of executive institutions in expanding tourism industry, creation of daily and weekly markets for villagers’ handicrafts and other rural products, revival and development of infrastructures and installations of tourism industry , educating village managers and planners, and attending to rural industry, and principles of environmentally sustainable development to reduce environmental crisis are among the strategies to achieve sustainable development of rural tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - An investigation of spatial and hierarchical distribution of urban places in Mazandaran Province
masoud Safaeipoor samaneh ShokriThe exogenous pattern of development weakened the traditional relationship among the urban places in Iran. The high urban growth led to the emergence of primate city which gavespecial hegemony to the capital Tehran. One of the main consequences of urban growth in the co MoreThe exogenous pattern of development weakened the traditional relationship among the urban places in Iran. The high urban growth led to the emergence of primate city which gavespecial hegemony to the capital Tehran. One of the main consequences of urban growth in the country has been the disintegration of urban network system. Evidences show that the province has experienced demographical transitions which the large central cities tended to cluster and forming a regional dominance on the urban network system. The present paper aims to examine the change and distribution of urban network in Mazandaran province. The methodology of the research is based on a descriptive-analytical method by using rank-size rule, Christaller and primate city index to determine the hierarchical order of urban places in the region. The results revealed that the regular urban network has changed to the irregular urban pattern which however has a more balanced pattern compared to the arid and semi-arid areas of Iran but smaller urban centers losing their importance in the benefit of the larger cities. It could be concluded that with respect to the balancing role of small and intermediate towns, it is quit logical to define more functions for the smaller urban settlements to distribute socio-economic opportunities for an appropriate urban network system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The role of urban network in urban sustainable development of mazandaran province
ali sheikhazami Assadollah DivsalarToday, development is a concern for many countries, and the development is more satisfying of people's lives situation. Study of urban networks gives people an awareness of how in certain geographical areas to overcome on barriers of communication and exchange and Econo MoreToday, development is a concern for many countries, and the development is more satisfying of people's lives situation. Study of urban networks gives people an awareness of how in certain geographical areas to overcome on barriers of communication and exchange and Economic machine its regions how and to use of which data applied. And due to the role of existing cities in the network, the complex relationships between them in the area how interact and to order, this causes the system to be satisfied with their life. The research method in this study “descriptive - analytic “is. Thus, of break- point model are used to determine the province's urban network based on economic thresholds or boundaries of the principal cities in the area, and then using the composite index of development, sustainable urban development in areas of the province (or city's) network has been set under the main cities. In this study, a library and cartographic methods used to collect data. Statistical community of the research is 51 city of Mazandaran provinces and especially 21 city of the district center of the province. Some results obtained in this study are as follows: Mazandaran province have not single urban network (cross-sector network in the East and a linear network in the West), Disparities in rates of sustainable urban development in the province prevails, Almost "towns urban network of linear in the level of development high and cities urban network of sectoral in the level of development down is located,Regions of deprived and under development of the province have high percentage of urbanization .Due to the break-point of the centers of districts of The City of Surrey, urban network of province through Timely and equitable transfer of the flow (in the linear network) Led development and the suction flow untimely and colonial (in the sector network) is caused underdevelopment and exclusion in cities and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Feasibility Study Of Planting Olive Through Using AHP Process In Geography Information System (Case Study: West Mazandaran )
Ali mohammadpoor kiya bozorgmehr yaser hakimdoostAgriculture is the essential component of providing food requirements of a society and the determinant element in getting free from all imported goods. In this field, producing essential oil is valuable economically, and is important in food industry. In this study, usi MoreAgriculture is the essential component of providing food requirements of a society and the determinant element in getting free from all imported goods. In this field, producing essential oil is valuable economically, and is important in food industry. In this study, using 16 parameters for zoning olive cultivation is used for the 12-parameter climate over the course of 20 years (1990-2010) of 14 synoptic station of the five stations within the region and 9 stations as stations auxiliary and 4 parameters, land use has been . contracted through Mazandaran Meteorology Organization geology and geography and natural resources of the province were collected. were then required to prepare a database.. The research methods is synthetic- analytic and ARC GIS10 graphic software, and Choice expert and spss basic statistics have been used in analyzing the data. also Geostatistic , Kriging and IDW methods have been used in zoning of effective climatologic factors in planting olive trees and determine optimal model from semivariogram was selected. Also to overlay and extract influence wightes from Analytical Hierarchy Process( AHP) and INDEX OVERLAY models have been applied in location. The results indicate that simple and ordinary Kriging with three function circular, spherical, exponential and Gousian models has been choisen. Also by comparing the maps and extracting talented areas in planting olive , the results indicate that 3944.124 h of west Mazandaran zone includes plenty to extraordinary importance and power and 28396.26 h includes plenty importance and power, 132906.7 h is powerful - much powerful and importance and 353788.2 h is much important. This results implicates the zone talent in involving Climate conditions in planting olive tree. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - مقایسه صفات مورفولوژیکی در سه گونه زینتی سیکلامن، پامچال و بنفشه در طبیعت (جنگل) با نمونه های پرورشی آن ها در غرب استان مازندران
وحید رحیمی کاکرودی علیرضا اسلامیرویکرد سیاستگذاران و طراحان فضای سبز به استفاده از گونه­های بومی­ - زینتی در طراحی فضای سبز شهری بیش از پیش در حال اوج گرفتن است؛ زیرا سازگاری و مقاومت این گیاهان به شرایط آب و هوایی و اکولوژیکی منطقه باعث کاهش هزینه و ماندگاری بیشتر فضاهای سبز میشود. بدین­ Moreرویکرد سیاستگذاران و طراحان فضای سبز به استفاده از گونه­های بومی­ - زینتی در طراحی فضای سبز شهری بیش از پیش در حال اوج گرفتن است؛ زیرا سازگاری و مقاومت این گیاهان به شرایط آب و هوایی و اکولوژیکی منطقه باعث کاهش هزینه و ماندگاری بیشتر فضاهای سبز میشود. بدین­منظور مطالعه حاضر در غرب استان مازندران بر روی سه گونه بومی-زینتی سیکلامن، پامچال و بنفشه در طبیعت با نمونه­های پرورشی آنها انجام شد. صفات مورد اندازه­گیری ظهور گل در گونه­های یاد شده در طبیعت و گلخانه در فواصل زمانی دو هفته یک بار و نیز صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه (طول و عرض برگ، دمگل، دمبرگ و گل) انجام شد. همگنی واریانس داده­ها توسط آزمون لِون و مقایسه دو به دوی گونه­ها نیز توسط آزمون t-test مستقل انجام گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که صفات اندازه­گیری شده بین دو گونه زینتی و وحشی در گونه­ها، گونههای­ زینتی از لحاظ اندازه و بزرگ بودن مشخصات برگ بر گونههای وحشی برتری داشته و بین گونهها اختلاف معنی­دار وجود داشته است. تنها گونههای وحشی بنفشه معطر دارای طول، عرض و مساحت بیشتری نسبت به گونه زینتی آن است. ازلحاظ طول دوره گلدهی و تعداد گل تمام گونههای زینتی، زمان گلدهی و گلهای بیشتری نسبت به گونههای وحشی خود دارند. هر دو گونه پامچال زینتی و وحشی دارای قدرت سبزمانی بعد از اتمام گلدهی هستند. اما بنفشه زینتی و سیکلامن وحشی پس از اتمام گلدهی از بین میروند، از طرفی بنفشه وحشی و سیکلامن زینتی پس از اتمام گلدهی زنده مانده و سبزینگی خود را حفظ میکنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Soft Modeling of Factors Affecting Export Development of Ornamental Plants and Flowers Industry in Mazandaran Based on Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Narges Mahdiee Majid Fani Majid FattahiMazandaran's share of ornamental plants and flowers industry's exports has been decreasing over the past ten years, despite its proximity to CIS countries. The aim of research was to achieve a stratified model of effective factors in the export development of ornamental MoreMazandaran's share of ornamental plants and flowers industry's exports has been decreasing over the past ten years, despite its proximity to CIS countries. The aim of research was to achieve a stratified model of effective factors in the export development of ornamental plants and flowers in Mazandaran in the form of a comprehensive stratified operational model that has a practical nature. By reviewing the research literature and attracting the opinions of experts, the subject was identified in the form of 22 factors and 98 indicators. The basis of the research was the judgments of a group of experts and export experts and export producers from Mazandaran, who were selected based on a purposeful judgmental sampling. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using interpretative structural modeling, and were drawn in terms of influence or impact on 6 levels in an interactive network. The findings showed that factors "International political and economic characteristic" and "Recreation of government in development of export" have the greatest impact on the export development of the flowers and ornamental plants industry and are considered the most basic factors and the factors "Improvement of commercial diplomacy", "Sustainable growth of economic" were also at the lowest level of effectiveness. Also, the driving force and dependence of other factors were also identifyed, in order to explain the effectiveness of the factors in the export development of this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - ارزیابی و رتبهبندی ریسک در باغات مرکبات با استفاده از روش تحلیل تاپسیس (مطالعه موردی: شرق استان مازندران)
سیمین دخت قاسمیان غلامرضا یاوری وحید ماجد ابوالفضل محمودی ابوالفضل جوادیانتولید مرکبات در بخش باغات در کشور جایگاه و اهمیت بالایی دارد. اهمیت این محصول در کشور ایران به دلایل منابع بسیار مهم تولید ثروت و مبادلات تجاری از یک طرف و سهم بسزایی در میان سایر محصولات کشاورزی و اشتغال بکار ساکنین مرکبات خیز ایران از طرف دیگر دوچندان میباشد. ولی رشد Moreتولید مرکبات در بخش باغات در کشور جایگاه و اهمیت بالایی دارد. اهمیت این محصول در کشور ایران به دلایل منابع بسیار مهم تولید ثروت و مبادلات تجاری از یک طرف و سهم بسزایی در میان سایر محصولات کشاورزی و اشتغال بکار ساکنین مرکبات خیز ایران از طرف دیگر دوچندان میباشد. ولی رشد و پایداری این بخش، بدون شناسایی و مدیریت مناسب و موثر ریسک امکانپذیر نیست. در مطالعه حاضر، ابتدا مهمترین ریسکهای باغ مرکبات طبق روش دلفی از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط 16 نفر از کارشناسان تعیین شده است. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک سلسله مراتبی تاپسیس به عنوان یک روش تصمیم گیری چندشاخصه بسیار قوی و کارآمد در رتبه بندی، سعی شد ریسکهای موجود در صنعت باغداری استان مازندران طی سالهای 1395-1389 از طریق شبیه نمودن به جواب ایده آل اولویت بندی و بر اساس ماتریس بیوزنی آنتروپی شانون بدست آمده مهمترین و با اولویت ترین ریسک باغات استان مازندران انتخاب شده است. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ریسک صنعت باغداری به ترتیب مربوط به ریسکهای آفات و بیماریها و قیمت، و در مراحل بعدی ریسکهای خسارت و تولید قراردارند. همچنین کمترین ریسکها هم به ترتیب مربوط به ریسکهای فنی، نیروی کار و اعتبارات است. بنابراین نتایج تحقیق بیانگر تأثیر شایان توجه ریسکهای آفات و بیماریها، قیمت و خسارت در صنعت باغداری منطقه است. همچنین از میان ریسکهای آفات و بیماریها، شپشکها، کنهقرمز و شتهها با احتساب 76، 73 و 70 درصد از بیشترین ریسک و ریسکهای ناشی از تامین اعتبارات، نخریدن محصول و خسارت ناشی از آبیاری قطرهای و قطره چکان از کمترین ریسک برخوردار هستند. شدت ریسک موجود نشان میدهد که در حوزههای ذکرشده باید بیشترین توجه و مدیریت ریسکی صورت گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - طراحی مدل سواد اطلاعاتی آموزشگران هنرستانهای کشاورزی استان مازندران، ایران
صدیقه دیلمی مهدی چرمچیان لنگرودیسواد اطلاعاتی شامل قدرت دسترسی به اطلاعات با ارزش، آگاهی از چگونگی سازماندهی دانش و اطلاعات، روشهای مختلف جستجو و توان تشخیص مؤثرترین اطلاعاتی که برای حل مشکلات و تصمیم­گیریها لازم باشد، است. کسانی که فاقد این تواناییها باشند پیوسته در اقیانوس عظیم اطلاعات سردرگم Moreسواد اطلاعاتی شامل قدرت دسترسی به اطلاعات با ارزش، آگاهی از چگونگی سازماندهی دانش و اطلاعات، روشهای مختلف جستجو و توان تشخیص مؤثرترین اطلاعاتی که برای حل مشکلات و تصمیم­گیریها لازم باشد، است. کسانی که فاقد این تواناییها باشند پیوسته در اقیانوس عظیم اطلاعات سردرگم هستند. این پژوهش به طراحی مدل سواد اطلاعاتی آموزشگران هنرستانهای کشاورزی استان مازندران می­پردازد. روش تجزیه و تحلیل به کار رفته در این پژوهش شامل ترکیبی از روش­های توصیفی و کمّی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش 155 نفرآموزشگران کشاورزی هنرستان­های استان مازندران بود. روایی پرسشنامه با نظرسنجی از اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه و مجموعه­ای از کارشناسان آموزش و پرورش مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. ضریب تتای بخش­های مختلف بین 80 تا 95% بود. آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و مدل­یابی معادلات ساختاری به کار برده شدند. داده­ها با استفاده از نرم ­­افزارهای SPSS16 و Smart PLS2 تجزیه وتحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که 8/45 درصد آموزشگران دارای مدرک کارشناسی و 38/39درصد دارای کارشناسی ارشد هستند. آموزشگران سواد اطلاعاتی خوبی داشتند. چهار متغیر رشته تحصیلی، سابقه، سن و عامل سازمانی در مجموع 3/66 درصد واریانس مربوط به سواد اطلاعاتی آموزشگران هنرستانهای کشاورزی را تبیین میکنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - الگوی عملکرد صادراتی صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی استان مازندران با استفاده از رویکرد نظریه پردازی داده بنیاد
نرگس مهدئی فانیمجید فانی Majid Fattahiبا وجود آن که استان مازندران یکی از قطب­های مهم تولید گل و گیاهان زینتی در ایران است و از پتانسیل بالایی در تولید برخوردار است و نیز علی­رغم همجواری با کشورهای پرمصرف دنیا (نظیر روسیه)، در صادرات این صنعت نقش چشمگیری نداشته است. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراح Moreبا وجود آن که استان مازندران یکی از قطب­های مهم تولید گل و گیاهان زینتی در ایران است و از پتانسیل بالایی در تولید برخوردار است و نیز علی­رغم همجواری با کشورهای پرمصرف دنیا (نظیر روسیه)، در صادرات این صنعت نقش چشمگیری نداشته است. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحی الگوی توسعه صادرات صنعت گل و گیاه زینتی استان مازندران با استفاده از یک رویکرد کیفی (رویکرد داده بنیاد) بوده است. داده­های این پژوهش با استفاده از مصاحبه­های عمیق و نیمه باز جمع­آوری گردیده است. مصاحبه شوندگان شامل 16 نفر از خبرگان، فعالان و دست­اندرکاران صادرات در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی مازندران بودند که به روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند و نمونه گیری تا اشباع داده­ها ادامه یافت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از رویکرد نظریه پردازی داده بنیاد استفاده شده است که نظریه محدودی را ارائه می کند. داده­ها طی سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری و کدگذاری گزینشی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. مدل پارادایمی حاصل از یافته­های پژوهش، تصویری از شرایط علی، مقوله­های محوری، شرایط زمینه­ای، شرایط مداخله گر، راهبردها و پیامدها بوده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­های جمع­آوری شده نشان داد که در توسعه صادرات صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی استان مازندران، 19 فاکتور موثرند که هیدروسفالی صادراتی، تکنولوژی، تجربه وتعهد بعنوان شرایط علی، قابلیت­های مدیریتی، پایانه صادراتی، الگوبرداری هدفمند (بنچ مارک کشورهای پیشرو درصنعت)، شبکه­سازی صادراتی، فرآوری، استراتژی­های رقابتی، بازاریابی صادراتی و برندینگ، توسعه زیرساخت­های نرم­افزاری و سخت­افزاری صادرات بعنوان راهبردها و نیز رشد پایدار اقتصادی و تقویت دیپلماسی تجاری بعنوان پیامد اجرای راهبردها معرفی شدند. همچنین فضای سیاسی و اقتصادی کسب و کار و رسمی­سازی-متمرکزسازی ساختار صادراتی (بازآفرینی دولت) بعنوان شرایط زمینه­ای و نهایتا اقیانوس قرمز صنعت در بازارهای جهانی و کنش­های جهانی بعنوان شرایط مداخله گر درنظر گرفته شدند که ارتباط آنها در مدل نهایی ارائه گردیده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigation the effect of geological formations on slope instabilities of Babolrood Watershed
Ali Uromeihy Maryam Fattahi Mehrdad Safaie -
Open Access Article
115 - Analysis of the relationship between the dimensions of talent management strategy and creativity in terms of employees of public libraries in Mazandaran province
Fatemeh Valipanah firouzjahi safiyeh tahmasebi limooniObjective: the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the dimensions of talent management strategy with creativity in terms of staff of public libraries in Mazandaran province. Method: The objective of the present study is an applied one. The resear MoreObjective: the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the dimensions of talent management strategy with creativity in terms of staff of public libraries in Mazandaran province. Method: The objective of the present study is an applied one. The researcher has used analytical survey. For data gathering, two pre-structured questionnaires of talent management and creativity were used that their reliability 0.845 and 0.863, respectively, based on Cronbach’s Alpha. . The statistical population included all staff of the public libraries of Mazandaran province with 265 staff, that 191 staff answered the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and the "Kolmogorov-Smirnov" test, the "T-Student" test, the "Pearson" correlation test, and the multi-line regression test were used for data analysis. Results: The research findings indicate that the talent management of the staff of public libraries of Mazandaran province with an average of 3.05 and their creativity with an average of 2.94 are higher than the average level. The level of correlation between talent management and their creativity was 0.723, which indicates a positive and significant correlation between talent management and their creativity. Conclusion: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of talent management strategy and employee creativity in public libraries of Mazandaran province, so that by using talent management strategy, employee creativity also increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Assessing the e-learning readiness of medical students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Hoshanh Aliasghari safiyeh tahmasebi limooniObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the e-learning readiness of medical students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.methodology: The research is of applied type and survey-analytical method. The statistical population included 210 professional doc MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the e-learning readiness of medical students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.methodology: The research is of applied type and survey-analytical method. The statistical population included 210 professional doctoral students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences who answered the questionnaires by census sampling method of 96 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.839). Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and "Student's" and "Friedman" tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The average access to technology is equal to (3.47), skills and continuous communication is equal to (2.95), motivation is equal to (2.40), the ability to learn through media is equal to (67.67). 2), Internet group conversations are equal to (2.72) and important issues for success in e-learning is equal to (2.89). The significance level of Friedman test is less than 0.05. In the first place, the rate of "skills and continuous communication" (with an average rank of 4.02) and the rate of "motivation" (with an average rank of 1.76) is in the sixth place.Conclusion: Professional doctoral students in medicine have a low level of readiness for e-learning, so given the current situation of Covid 19 virus, the need to use this method and provide the possibility of studying electronically in this university is obvious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The study of Mazandaran province public libraries managers' views toward the quality of working life and its role in their performance
samira eslami Abdolreza NorooziChakoli, hajare zareeObjectives: This research studies managers' views toward QWLof public libraries in Mazandaran province in Iran and its role in their performance. Methodology: This study is an applied research that has been carried out by the documentary and the survey method. The info MoreObjectives: This research studies managers' views toward QWLof public libraries in Mazandaran province in Iran and its role in their performance. Methodology: This study is an applied research that has been carried out by the documentary and the survey method. The information gathering tool is a questionnaire based on the Walton model that it distributed among the manager of public libraries in Mazandaran after verification of its validity and stability. Then the data has been analyzed by the T-test and Friedman. Findings: The results which are based on the managers’ viewpoints showed the average level of QWL factors were in order of 3.0385 for the social dependency of working life, 2.5231 for integrity and social cohesion, 2.2981 for living overall space, 2.1923 for health and safety environment, 2.1192 for the development of human capabilities, 1.9295 for the law-base organization, 1.8702 for providing growth opportunities and safety and1.4936 for fair and adequate pay and the only factor, the social affiliation of working life is in intermediate level. It also became clear that all known factors of the quality of working life, are effective on the performance of the managers and the factor of the health and safety environment has the most impact and the social affiliation of working life has the least impact on their performance. Conclusions: The results showed that none QWL factors in the Mazandaran public libraries locate in suitable situation and they located in less than intermediate level, except the social affiliation of working life that showed the intermediate level. Also, it became clear that all QWL factors have strong on the manager's performance and the factor of fair and adequate payment and salary has the most impact on their performance after health and safety environment. Then, paying attention to these factors can improve their performance and motivate them to make their duties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - A Survey on information behavior of post-graduate students in using electronic resources at Mazandaran University
soghra darziPurpose: This study attempts to investigate the capability of the post-graduate students in using and accessing the electronic resources available at Mazandaran University. Methodology: This study has come together by means of survey method which is accomplished by dis MorePurpose: This study attempts to investigate the capability of the post-graduate students in using and accessing the electronic resources available at Mazandaran University. Methodology: This study has come together by means of survey method which is accomplished by distributing questionnaires to gather the required data. Findings: The findings of this research show that 55.6 percent of the students know how to use a computer on a very average level. 52.6 percent are familiar with the use of online databases. Elsevier has had the most usage among the students. Most students use search engines more than subject directories and metasearch engines for their information retrieval. Conclusion: It is suggested that along with needed trainings, the university be also more efficiently equipped for more positively accessing the online databases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Attitudes of Librarians of Mazandaran Province of Public Libraries toward Knowledge Management
Hasan Siamian Afsaneh Shahrabi Fahimeh BabalhavaejiPurpose: the purpose of this study is to measure Mazandaran Province public librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management including trust, reward system, openness, cooperation, and knowledge sharing Methodology: The study is an applied research, and survey me MorePurpose: the purpose of this study is to measure Mazandaran Province public librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management including trust, reward system, openness, cooperation, and knowledge sharing Methodology: The study is an applied research, and survey method is used. 110 librarians of Mazandaran Public libraries took part in this survey. The research measured viewpoints of librarians in 9 months during 2010-2011. Questionnaires 'Cronbach's Alpha about confidence, attitude, cooperation, and reward, and openness in communication was 73%, and about attitude and knowledge management was87 % .SPSS v.17 is used in this study. In the analysis Pearson correlation coefficient R for testing hypotheses is used. Findings:Results showed that there is a meaningful relation among correlations across the variables of attitudes to knowledge management, trust, openness, and reward of librarians of public libraries of Mazandaran province and knowledge sharing. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of greater cooperation between librarians for promoting the development of knowledge management, collaboration, and knowledge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Study of MNSODA16V gene polymorphisms of genes involved in type II diabetes patients in the population of Mazandaran province
zeynab noroozi Abbas Ali Dehpour joybariOne of the genes that can play a role in increasing the incidence of type 2 diabetes is the MNSODA16V gene. In this study, the relationship between this gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mazandaran people was studied. About 1cc of blood containing EDTA (CBC) plasm MoreOne of the genes that can play a role in increasing the incidence of type 2 diabetes is the MNSODA16V gene. In this study, the relationship between this gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Mazandaran people was studied. About 1cc of blood containing EDTA (CBC) plasma were obtained from 50 infected and 50 individuals. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, two methods of quantitative evaluation using spectrophotometric method and qualitative evaluation using electrophoresis were used. In order to estimate the DNA concentration, 4 μl of the DNA base solution was mixed with one μl of the sampler buffer and evaporated once in the wells of 1.2% agarose gel in the TAE buffer. To evaluate the PCR product, 2% agarose gel was performed. 5 μl of the product of each reaction, with 1 ml of color, was transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis at 100 volts for 1.5 hours. The gel was stained in Ethidium bromide solution (0.5 mg / ml) for 20 minutes, and then transferred to distilled water from the dye gel apparatus. Unfortunately, due to the repeated use of up to 3 times and the use of the DNA extraction kit, this is not the work process and needs to be further explored. For this reason, this study shows little success with the association of MNSODA16V polymorphism and also requires more study in different populations to better understand the role of MNSODA16V. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Gametophtye study of four Brachythecium schimp. species in Iran
Fahimeh Salimpour Fatame Rastegar Ali Mazooji Fariba SharifniaBrachythecium is one of the genus of Brachytheciaceae family that has 14 species in Iran specially in Hyrcanian region.Many species of Brachythecium exhibit a broad range of variation. In this study, foue species of this genus consisting B. salebrosum, B. rutabulum, B. MoreBrachythecium is one of the genus of Brachytheciaceae family that has 14 species in Iran specially in Hyrcanian region.Many species of Brachythecium exhibit a broad range of variation. In this study, foue species of this genus consisting B. salebrosum, B. rutabulum, B. rivular and B. mildeanum were comparised based on morphological and anatomical characters in Savadkooh forests of Mazandaran province. Our results showed that leaf shape, basal cells of leaf , margins plane and costa characters are an important to distinguish their species. B. salebrosum is charactrised by slightly falcate, lanceolate leavesrather distinctly serrulate leaf margins, narrow laminal cells almost reaching the leaf base near the costa, and a small quadrate alar region composed of subquadrate cells. In B. mildeanum leaf margin and apex shape of leaf can distinguished this taxon from another species. In B. rivular, that closely resemble B.rutabulum, distinct patches of colorless cells and basal cells are different from another lamina cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Investigating the relationship between jihadist management and the transformation of the administrative system (case study: managers of the general offices of Mazandaran province)
Sasan Issazadeh hossein vahedi saed HoseiniPaying attention to local patterns in achieving individual and organizational goals can change the situation. The Iranian Islamic model of progress (jihadi management) as a leadership style will be a practical strategy in achieving a dynamic organization. Of course, it MorePaying attention to local patterns in achieving individual and organizational goals can change the situation. The Iranian Islamic model of progress (jihadi management) as a leadership style will be a practical strategy in achieving a dynamic organization. Of course, it should be noted that the existence of infrastructure can put any organization and management in this situation. The aim of the current research is to examine the relationship between jihadi management and the evolution of the administrative system, which seems necessary in today's changing conditions. This research is descriptive and has been done by survey method. The statistical population studied includes the managers of the general offices of Mazandaran province, which were 83 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In this article, the results of the analysis showed that jihadi management can affect the transformation of the administrative and system in the general offices of Mazandaran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigation on reproduction biology in Leuciscus cephalus at Babolrud River (Mazandaran Province).
A. Ashja Ardalan A. Vosoughi E. RadThis study was carried out in Babolrood river ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid rood khanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 Leuciscus cephalus were caug MoreThis study was carried out in Babolrood river ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid rood khanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 Leuciscus cephalus were caught.Maximum fish abundance in stage 3 with 21.02 percent and the lowest number in sex maturation stage 6 with a frequency of 8.55 percent were. Maximum number of fish in terms of male gender in sex maturation stage 3 with the frequency of 20.55 percent and the lowest number was in step 6 with a frequency of 7.22 percent. The highest percent of female, in sex maturation stage 3 with 21.34 percent and the lowest number in step 7with a frequency of 8.70 percent were found. The mean diameter of oocytes in female fish from November to May was in ascending trend and mean was in May (69.83 ± 12.90 µ). The absolute fecundity minimum was 3005, maximum was 13194 and mean egg number was estimated to be 8038. The average percentage of gonad somatic maturation index (GSI) for males was 1.47 ± 0.94, for female was 2.95 ± 1.83 respectively. The total mean of condition factor (CF) was evaluated to be 1.12 ± 0.14 for males and 1.17 ± 0.15 for females. According to this review spawning time is from mid-May to late June and their spawning type once a time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigation on some biological characteristic in Leuciscus cephalus at Babolrud River, Mazandaran Province
A. Ashja Ardalan E. Rad A. RajabiThis study was carried out in BabolroodRiver ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid roodkhanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 numbers of Leuciscus cephalus MoreThis study was carried out in BabolroodRiver ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid roodkhanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 numbers of Leuciscus cephalus were caught. Sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.41 respectively. The average total length was 165.629.81 mm, within average Maximum in May (190.638.32 mm), and an average Minimum in October (137.526.70 mm). Average Fork length and weight for males was139.7226.49 mm and 43.18 21.58 gr, this value for female was152.8830.06 mm and 57.3227.08 gr respectively. ANOVA results showed significant differences ( P<0.05). Between male and female fork length and weight. Positive regression obtained between fork length and total length showed an R2=.950. Samples belonged to 9 ages groups (0+,1,1+,2,2+,3,3+,4,4+). Maximum number of fish were in age group 2 and minimum number of fish were in age group 4+. Gonad somatic index (GSI) for males was 1.47 ± 0.94, and for females was 2.95 ± 1.83 respectively. The total mean of HSI was evaluated to be 0.73 ± 0.49 for males and 1.08 ± 0.71 for females.According to the present study spawning time was from mid-May to late June and their spawning is batch spawning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Reproduction biology wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Caspian Sea coast (Mahmoud abad town) Mazandaran province
A. Vosooghi A. Matinfar T. MaddahThis study was carried out in the southern Caspian Sea water ( Mazandaran province) Mahmooud Abad town on Cyprinus carpio between Ganuary 2006 to Ganuary 2007. The samplings were monthly and speciemens were collected from beach seinecatch in the Mahmooud Aba MoreThis study was carried out in the southern Caspian Sea water ( Mazandaran province) Mahmooud Abad town on Cyprinus carpio between Ganuary 2006 to Ganuary 2007. The samplings were monthly and speciemens were collected from beach seinecatch in the Mahmooud Abad area. Clocetively . 134 specimen of Cyprinus carpio were obtain. The biometric parameters including:, FL, body weight, aging (using scale), sexuality, gonad weight and maturing stages specimens were determine .Mean of fork length for male and female 39.85±5.45 and 40.59±4.08 respectively and body weight for male and female 961.45±306., 1020.01±320.14 gr recpectively. Age composition of all speciemens ( male and female ) belong to different age groups: 3 (%9 ), 4 (%22.4 ), 5 (%39.6 ), 6 ( %23.9) , 7 (%5.2). We could recognized sexuality in all (134) speciemens . Male provide 48.5 and females 51.5 percent of the catch. The avrage of absolute fecundity was estimated 85245 eggs and the range of relative fecundity was estimated 81747 eggs. in stage of maturation all speciemens were exmined ( 5 stage method ) but only tree stage ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) were observed. The GSI determines that the spawning season commences in the April until the end of summer and autumn and winter the higher levels of GSI and developed classes of ovary maturation were observed in April and May and was reduced which indicate the spawning in this months. The mean Kf for male and for female 1.19±0.12 , 1.29±0.15 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigation of some biological aspects of Cobitis taenia, index of clean water, Talar River (Mazandaran Province)
A. Ashja Ardalan S. Bahrebar R. Mousavi Nadushan S. VatandoustIn this study some of the biological aspect like age and growth, length and weight and longitudinal growth of Cobitis taenia which have been fished in Talar River has been reviewed. Samples were taken from two locations, 20 km apart, from Oct. 2008 up to Sept. 2009. Sam MoreIn this study some of the biological aspect like age and growth, length and weight and longitudinal growth of Cobitis taenia which have been fished in Talar River has been reviewed. Samples were taken from two locations, 20 km apart, from Oct. 2008 up to Sept. 2009. Samples were collected monthly by using an Electro-shocker machine .Collectively 410 speciemen of Cobitis taenia were obtained. Fishes have been examined for sex identification and 158 male , 119 Female and 133 immature have been determined from two locations during one year. This sampels belonged to 4 age groups of females and males. The proportion of male to female was 1/3 to 1. The relation between length and weight of males and females was W=0/671×TL+0/043 & W=1/593×TL+0/061. Growth parameters of Vonbertalanfi equation for males and females fish were as follows: L∞:680/09 K: 0/04 t0:0/106. Difference of Length Frequency distribution among males and females regarding the age were significant (P<0/05) the male fish had more frequency in the short length. The frequency for males, females and immatures was estimated to be32/4, 29 and 38/5percent. The weight and length of females was more than males. Average age for males was 0- 2 years and for females is 0- 3. Dominant age and average age for all fish were estimated to be 1 and 1/07 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigation of the prevalence and intesity of parasitic infection in Rhodeus sericeus amarus of the Zardi River (Mazandaran)
M. Taghavi B. Mokhayer A.A. Saeedi S.H. MosaviA total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus sericeus amarus are caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the MoreA total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus sericeus amarus are caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory of Shahid Rajaee site. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed.The eye ,skin,gill,digestive system,muscle and the other organism´s of the specimens were examined for parasite infestation. Six parasites species were identified.These parasites are as following: Trichodina sp. from skin and branchia, Dactylogyrus sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and branchia, Diplostomum spathaceum from eye s, Postodiplostomum sp. from skin, Capillaria amurensis from intestine were found in the Rhodeus sericeus amarus of Zardi River.The most prevalent parasite was Trichodina sp. (49/15%) and the least was Diplostomum spathaceum(13/55%) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Survey on morphological diversity of European chub (Squalius cephalus) in Touji head branchof Talar River in Mazandaran Province.
M. H. Gorjian Arabi M. Roohi M. Kazemian S. Vatandust A. Janbazi In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attrib More In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute were examined. According to the obtained results average coefficient of variation in the morphometric and meristic speciality in male Squalius cephalus respectively were 28/24 and 96/6 and in female 97/35 and 66/7 also in 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute in the male and female Squalius cephalus none significant (P>05/0). Also according to the obtained results by aid of analysis method to main factors (PCA) two groups have relatively good overlap. There is a strong correlation among the length and weight of male(r2=981/0) and female (r2=983/0) gender of Squalius cephalus in mazandaran talar river. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Application of Caspian Sea SST and SLP data for studying drought in Mazandaran Province
M. Abediny H. Askary Shirazi A. RanjbarIn this research, application of seasurface temperature, sea surface pressureandprecipitationin theprovince ofMazandaranwasstudied. Meanmonthlyseasurfacetemperaturedatain30-yearperiodwas obtainedfrom NOAA. Thirty-yearaveragemonthlyprecipitationdata was taken frommeteoro MoreIn this research, application of seasurface temperature, sea surface pressureandprecipitationin theprovince ofMazandaranwasstudied. Meanmonthlyseasurfacetemperaturedatain30-yearperiodwas obtainedfrom NOAA. Thirty-yearaveragemonthlyprecipitationdata was taken frommeteorologicaloffice of Mazandaran provinceforBabolsar, Qharakhyl,Noshahrand Ramsar stations. The correlation betweenseasurfacetemperaturesand rainfallindifferent months inthe provincewas calculated. Ineachmonth,the thirddegreeregressionlinewasusedforstatisticalestimation. In thepresent study it wasshownthat there is negative correlation,with 95 percent confidence interval,betweensea surface temperatureof Caspian Seaagainstprecipitation and standardizedprecipitationindex inthe inMazandaran Province. It can be deducedthat decreasing sea surface temperature at different months of the year decreases precipitationand rising seasurfacetemperature increases rainfall. Sea surface pressure study also showed that increase in SSP increases rainfall and decrease in SSP increases drought in Mazandaran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Macro invertebrate benthos of Kalarood River as water quality index
M. Shapoori A. Vosooghi M. Babazade S. VatandoostIn this research, water quality of Kalarood River of Babol was studied by identification of Macro invertebrate benthos. The result of this study was compared by ratio of EPT to Chironomidae and HFBI index. Six stations were selected and sampling was done seasonally for MoreIn this research, water quality of Kalarood River of Babol was studied by identification of Macro invertebrate benthos. The result of this study was compared by ratio of EPT to Chironomidae and HFBI index. Six stations were selected and sampling was done seasonally for one year. Arthropoda and platy worm are the main branch of invertebrate benthos; in four class, eight order and eleven families. Maximum and minimum of diversity and density was observed in spring and summer in all stations, respectively. Also maximum and minimum of diversity was measured in station one and six, respectively. The relationship between physical and hydrological parameters were significant (p<0.05) in different season but it was not significant in different stations (p>0.05). HFBI index showed that minimum, maximum and average of this index was 3.99 in fall, 4.62 in spring and 4.33 respectively. The result of this study indicated that the water quality in the upstream was in normal range (good to medium condition) but in the other hand downstream and middle stream was in good condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Aesthetic analysis of Ashoraee, Mazandarani Fadaee’s poemsfrom the aspect of array of intellectual traditional,modern(amphibology,epanodos,synaesthesia and paradox)
Freydoon Akbari sheldare Sayyed Mansoor FotookianThe essence of art, including literature and poetry, beauty and Scholars of rhetoric know, a novel as an arrangement of words .The clever poets in beauty secret are aware of the requirement Words and this article is going to be reviewed and analyzed the poems of M MoreThe essence of art, including literature and poetry, beauty and Scholars of rhetoric know, a novel as an arrangement of words .The clever poets in beauty secret are aware of the requirement Words and this article is going to be reviewed and analyzed the poems of Mazandarani Fadaee which is decorated by Ashoraee’s flavor from the aspect of Oratory, arrays, opacity, and Epanodos (traditional novel) and Paradox (New Novel). In Fadae’s poems, array of amphibology has a special prominent and it has the most frequency. And proportion opacity was observed in some lines. In his poems, array of opacity in the form of nature elements and religious ritual are artistically seen. It sometimes used expression and musical positions in the form of opacity for declaring the thoughts and religious Contents. It is concluded in “Epanodos ” section that Epanodos has the most frequency in the lines which the beauties of Ashoraee was investigated and in this realm ,the poet also writes the nature elements and its relation to the enormous event of Ashora and sometimes the other components. More “Paradox” is presented in two cases of Documentary s and expressive composition which Ashoraee has no frequency in the aspect of beauty and finally the array is investigated which sometimes apparently sense is related to mental and sometimes both of them which totally has a middle frequency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Pathology of Educational Justice in Iranian Law in order to Provide a Suitable Model
Alireza Darzi Boorkhani Ali Babaee Mehr reza nasiri larimiEducational justice is legally guaranteed for everyone without any discrimination, and governments are obliged to support educational justice and put it into practice. This issue has also been reflected in Iran's laws. The present research method is descriptive-correlat MoreEducational justice is legally guaranteed for everyone without any discrimination, and governments are obliged to support educational justice and put it into practice. This issue has also been reflected in Iran's laws. The present research method is descriptive-correlational of structural equation type. The statistical population of the qualitative research is the elite teaching and research faculty members who were selected through interviews from 30 faculty members of Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran province. The quantitative part of the research was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire administered to 280 people. SPSS 26 and PLS 3 were used for analysis. Using the coding method of qualitative content analysis based on interviews, identification and classification were done. Using structural equation modeling, the effectiveness weights have been obtained. The results showed that all the components of educational justice were identified and their significance was confirmed in the study, and the model of educational justice in Iranian law was explained by examining the themes and concepts. Also, the results show that the justice of education in Iran's legal system is not flawless but requires careful review and modification Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - An Investigation into the Effect of Competitive and Organizational Intelligence on Management of Mental Capital in Education Office of Mazandaran Province
Ezatollah Taghvai Vahid Falalh , Rezai Yousefi SaeedabadThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence on intellectual capital management in educational Office of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, the study applied and in terms of data collection me MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence on intellectual capital management in educational Office of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, the study applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of 2785 managers and deputies of departments and districts of education and school principals of Mazandaran province from among whom 336 individuals were selected as the sample using random cluster sampling based on Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire of competitive intelligence, organizational intelligence and intellectual capital management was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the instrument were confirmed by experts and the reliability of the instruments was secured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling in Lisrel and SPSS software programs. The results of structural equation test showed that competitive intelligence with an impact factor of 0.76 and organizational intelligence with an impact factor of 0.63 have a direct and significant effect on intellectual capital management. The model also had a good fit. As a result, competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence are among the factors that can be considered in order to develop intellectual capital management in the education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Impact of Innovation Management on Educational Performance in Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences
Gholamali Pasha , Kiumars Khatirpasha Saeed Saffarian HamedaniInnovation is an important and vital factor for organizations to create value. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of innovation management on educational performance in Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences. This applied study was performed MoreInnovation is an important and vital factor for organizations to create value. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of innovation management on educational performance in Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences. This applied study was performed with a combined qualitative and quantitative approach. In the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of 10 professors of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, selected by purposive sampling, and in the quantitative section, 256 people using random sampling method were selected according to Cochran's formula from among 765 faculty members of universities of sciences. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires of innovation management with 66 items and Zandi Educational Performance Questionnaire (2013) with 25 items were used. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed and their Cronbach's alpha was calculated above 0.7. SPSS 21 and PLS 3.2 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the highest average among the dimensions of innovation management was related to the dimension of organizational culture with 3.92, and the lowest value was related to the dimension of organizational incentives with the value of 3.53 and the dimension of organizational culture with R2 value of 0.835 was at the highest level. Also, based on the path coefficients factor of 0.368, it can be concluded that the impact of innovation management on educational performance in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Relationship between Physical Activity and Job Burnout of Education Teachers in Mazandaran Province
Ali Asghar Barzegar Saeed FazlifarIn this study purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between physical activity and job burnout of education teachers in Mazandaran province. The current research method is descriptive and correlational and field data collection and practical in terms MoreIn this study purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between physical activity and job burnout of education teachers in Mazandaran province. The current research method is descriptive and correlational and field data collection and practical in terms of using the results. The statistical population includes all non-physical education teachers in Mazandaran province, whose number is 39,243, and the statistical sample size of this research, based on Morgan's table, includes 384 education teachers in the province. In order to determine the validity and to ensure the feasibility of the questionnaires, we consulted with sports management professors and the reliability of the questionnaire of physical activity and analysis of job loss was reported as 0.74 and 0.83, respectively.The results of the research showed that there is a significant negative relationship between physical activity and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization in education teachers of Mazandaran province, and there is no significant relationship between physical activity and the sense of individual success of education teachers in Mazandaran province. Also, the variable of physical activity can be predicted. (22) is the percentage of the rate of attrition. Therefore, considering the importance of physical activity in physical and mental health, as a result, it is recommended to promote the culture of sports and regular physical activity to prevent inactivity and reduce teacher attrition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Fauna in Kiasar National Park in Mazandaran Province
ویدا حجتی افشین فقیری رضا بابایی سواسریKiasar National Park is a mountainous region in central Alborz located in Kiasar region, 70 kilometers far from Sari city in Mazandaran province. The mean annual rainfall is 650 mm and the mean annual temperature is 12anddeg;C. This study was done in order to the identi MoreKiasar National Park is a mountainous region in central Alborz located in Kiasar region, 70 kilometers far from Sari city in Mazandaran province. The mean annual rainfall is 650 mm and the mean annual temperature is 12anddeg;C. This study was done in order to the identification of amphibians and reptiles of Kiasar National Park. More than 200 specimens were collected during spring and summer of 2011. Twenty five identified species belonged to 5 orders, 14 families and 22 genera including: Triturus karelini,Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis, Hyla savignyi, Rana(Pelophylax)ridibunda ridibunda, Rana macrocnemis pseudodalmatina, Typhlops vermicularis, Elaphe dione dione, Zamenis persica, Natrix natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata tessellata, Dolichophis Jugularis, Platyceps najadum najadum,Hemorrhois ravergier,Gloydius halys caucasicus,Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Laudakia caucasia caucasia,Anguis fragilis colchicus,Pseudopus apodus apodus,Cyrtopodion naspium caspium,Darevskia chlorogaster,Darevskia defilippii,Lacerta strigata,Ablepharus pannonicus, Emys orbicularis persica and Mauremys caspica caspica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Isolation and Recognition Infection Fungus of Salmo trutta caspius Skin in Fish Farming of the Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
عیسی غلامپور عزیزی سید مهدی حسینی فرد سمانه روحی حمید مقتدرGrowingpopulation and the need to protein requirement forhuman societiesdevelop different systems for livestock, poultry and aquaculture provides. Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) is a species of native and migratory sea is also very important and nutritional and e MoreGrowingpopulation and the need to protein requirement forhuman societiesdevelop different systems for livestock, poultry and aquaculture provides. Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) is a species of native and migratory sea is also very important and nutritional and economic value is of particular interest. Aim this research is identifies and isolates pathogenic fungi from the skin of salmon fish farm sector of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran (Savadkoh, Lafor - Ghazal Farm).Samples were taken from the skin of four fish weighing on the average 1300 gr in the spring 2011. Samples were transferred to Saborod Dextrose Agar, Glucose Peptone Agar and distilled water with hemp-seed in the room temperature.In this study Saprolegnia parasitica, Achlya (20.83%), Aspergillus(16.66%), Penicillium(12.5%), Acremonium (9.72%), Fusarium(8.33%), Sepedonium(8.33%), Alternaria(5.55%), Rhizopus(4.16%)Cladosporium (1.38%), Helminthosporium(4.16%), Drechslera(1.38%), were isolated from the skin of fish. Pathogenicfungus spores are everywhere and fish may be infected. So the problems in the fish treatment, lack of access to necessary medical advances of fish and high cost of drugs needed to treat, breeders must regardonbreeding and growth of fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Faunestic Study of Reptiles in Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge in Mazandaran Province
شکورا السادات نبوی حاجی قلی کمی ویدا حجتیMiankaleh Wildlife Refuge with 68800 hectares area is located in 12km north of Behshahr city, Mazandaran Province in east southern parts of Caspian Sea with altitude 15-28 m below sea level. The present study has been performed in the spring and summer of 2012 in order MoreMiankaleh Wildlife Refuge with 68800 hectares area is located in 12km north of Behshahr city, Mazandaran Province in east southern parts of Caspian Sea with altitude 15-28 m below sea level. The present study has been performed in the spring and summer of 2012 in order to faunestic study of reptiles in Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge. Specimens were collected manually, and then specimens and their habitats was photographed using digital camera. Specimens released after identification and recording morphometeric and meristic characters. In this study 11 species belonging to 8 families were identified including: Mauremys caspica, Emys orbicularis, Testudo horsfieldii, Pseudopus apodus, Cyrtopodion caspium, Lacerta strigata, Trapelus agilis,Elaphe dione,Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata, Platyceps najadum. All of the specimens except Testudo horsfieldii, have been reported previously from Mazandaran province. Among the specimens, just Testudo horsfieldii is known as a vulnerable specimen in Red List Categories of International Union for Conservation of Nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Biosystematics Study of Emys orbicularis in Southern Coastal of Caspian Sea
نسیم هزاوه ویدا حجتیThe European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), is widespread. The distribution of this species has wide dispersal in the North and West of Iran and reaches eastwards to the Caspian and Aral Seas. In order to find out possible populations differentiations, a surv MoreThe European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), is widespread. The distribution of this species has wide dispersal in the North and West of Iran and reaches eastwards to the Caspian and Aral Seas. In order to find out possible populations differentiations, a survey was conducted from Apr. 2008 to Sep. 2009 in the southern coastal of Caspian Sea including Golastan, Mazandaran, Ardebil and East Azarbaijan province. The natural history of specimens are presented. Forty morphometric characters in 30 adult males from four populations have been measured. Using ANOVA, it was showed East Azarbaijan and Golastan populations have the highest mean in the most of characters in comparison with the other populations. Principle Component Analysis (PCA), in males exploited four means components. The components expressed 71.85%, 11.65%, 4.6% and 2.5% changes, respectively. Dispersion of Specimens based on components showed that Ardebil population is separated from other populations based on the first component, completely, but the other populations closed to each other. It seems that habitat differences, geographical and ecological situation are the reason for this separation. Cluster analysis showed all of populations were placed separately, but one of specimens of East Azarbaijan was placed in separate branch. So this interesting finding can be inferred by new haplotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The study of oogenesis cycle of Grass Snake(Natrix natrix) in Mazandaran province
افشین فقیری عبدالحسین شیروی حاجی قلی کمیThe grass snake (Natrix natrix) is one of non venomous snakes of Colubridae family is founded in northern provinces of Iran. This research was conducted in order to study the reproductive cycle of grass snake (Natrix natrix) in Mazandaran province during year of 2007.Sa MoreThe grass snake (Natrix natrix) is one of non venomous snakes of Colubridae family is founded in northern provinces of Iran. This research was conducted in order to study the reproductive cycle of grass snake (Natrix natrix) in Mazandaran province during year of 2007.Sampling period was April to middle of November and 76 grass snake were gathered by hand and net from the Abandansar fish raising lake station, Zare forest Rice farms of Sari suburb and Tajan river. In order to study the oogenesis stages oviducts were extracted from the samples and probed by histological studies. The mean of female length was 694.59 mm. Results indicated that oogenesis commencement were in early June and ended in early August. The mean of eggandrsquo;s weight and volume was 5.816g and 29031.87mmandsup3; respectively. The results of studies on ovary show that the means of right and left ovum number in ovary were 11 and 9 respectively. The mean of number and volume of grown ovums was 4.12 and 6654.08mmandsup3; for right ovary and 3.87 and 7221.84 mmandsup3; for left one. The ovums weight mean of right and left ovary was 1.71 and 1.94g respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Biological study of reproduction in (Capoeta capeota gracilis) in south coasts of Caspian sea Mazandaran Province (Tajan River)
هومن شجیعی حسن فضلی ندا بانیBlack fish (Capoeta capoeta gracilis) is a valuable fish in fisheries industry, that exist in south coasts of Caspian Sea specially in Mazandaran province. In this research 180 pieces of fishes were studied about reproduction biology between 1386-1387 in Tajan River fro MoreBlack fish (Capoeta capoeta gracilis) is a valuable fish in fisheries industry, that exist in south coasts of Caspian Sea specially in Mazandaran province. In this research 180 pieces of fishes were studied about reproduction biology between 1386-1387 in Tajan River from south coasts of Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province. In this study biological factors related with reproduction for example: the variations of Gonad somatic index sex ratio, average fecundity and sex maturing stages have carried to account the main objectives. The maximum of GSIwas in April and may (spawning time) and the minimum was in October, November and December .GSI in spring and summer greater than autumn and winter. Like wise with age increasing the GSI increases consequently and the increasing gradient was more in premature stages in comparison with maturity. Sex maturing stages in different months were proportional with GSI and with age increasing the amount of maturity was higher subsequently. The maximum of GSI in male fishes were at ages 3-4 years and in females were 2-3 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The Molecular Study of Babesia Species in the Cattles of Mazandaran Province
Nasrollah Vahedi Nouri Vahid NoamanDifferent Babesia species originating from the Apicomplexa family are the parasites existing in red blood cells, and they can widely affect the domestic and wild animal and also human. Babesiosis is a serious disease in cattle breeding industry that has affected more th MoreDifferent Babesia species originating from the Apicomplexa family are the parasites existing in red blood cells, and they can widely affect the domestic and wild animal and also human. Babesiosis is a serious disease in cattle breeding industry that has affected more than 0.5 billion of the cattles in the world. This study has been performed aiming to determine the Babesia species in the cattles of Mazandaran province. A total number of 210 blood samples were randomly collected from the jugular vein of the cattles. In the beginning, the DNA extracted from the blood sampleswas replicated with a primer pair replicating a 400-bp fragment of the Babesia 18S rRNA gene. All the positive bovine samples were examined with the specific semi nested-PCR for checking Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis. The results showed that the overall prevalence rates of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis infection in the cattles were 33.33% and 28.6%, respectively. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of the infetion in terms of seasons, the livestock age, and the type of livestock husbandry (traditional - semi-industrial). SPSS software was used for data analysis and the significance level was considered p < 0.05. The results of this study show that Babesiosis is one of the most important diseases in the cattles of Mazandaran province, especially in the seasons of the ticks activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Study of Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Pb & Cd) in Muscle, Skin, and Gill Tissues Chalcalburnus Chalcoides (Anzali & Shirud Lagoon)
Mohammad Bostanmanesh Mahnaz Sadat Sadeghi Mojgan EmtiyazjooWe studied concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cd in the Gill, Skin, and Muscle tissues of Chalcalburnus Chalcoides caught from the southern Caspian Sea (Anzali & Shirud lagoon) in spring 2012. After biometrical measurements, the Gill, Skin, and Muscle tissues of s MoreWe studied concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cd in the Gill, Skin, and Muscle tissues of Chalcalburnus Chalcoides caught from the southern Caspian Sea (Anzali & Shirud lagoon) in spring 2012. After biometrical measurements, the Gill, Skin, and Muscle tissues of samples were separated; metals were extracted from the tissues using chemical digestion method with pure nitric acid and their concentrations were determined by AAS. Average concentrations (in ppm dry weight) were compared with international standards such as FAO, WHO, and Stoskopf. Results showed that in Shirud of Mazandaran in gills, skin and muscle tissues, the maximum average accumulation belonging to Pb are 9.5836 ± 2.52069, 5.9343 ± 1.08995, 6.0264 ± 1.45947 µg/g and minimum average belonging to Cd are 0.0936 ± 0.04763, 0.0957 ± 0.04236, 0.0393 ± 0.02227 µg/g, respectively. In Anzali of Gilan, in gills, skin, and muscle tissues maximum average accumulation belonging to Pb are 20.8380 ± 3.68153, 7.6880 ± 2.04173, 3.5653 ± 0.68273 µg/g and minimum average belonging to Cd are 0.6040 ± 0.22663, 0.1167 ± 0.03897, 0.0233 ± 0.00893 µg/g, respectively. Lead concentrations in this study in both areas compared to international standards of WHO, Netherlands, EOS, and EPA limit is reached, but according to the EPA standard, the muscles in Gilan province are lower than the limit. Cadmium concentrations in all tissues except gill-based standards are lower. The average concentration of lead and cadmium metals between muscle, skin, and gills in Gilan province showed significant difference (P<0.05) and average concentrations of lead and cadmium in the tissues in Mazandaran province were not significantly different (P> 0.5). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Study of VEGF405CG Gene Polymorphisms Involved in Type II Diabetes Patients in the Population of Mazandaran Province
Z. Noroozi A.A. Dehpour JoybariType 2 diabetes is the most common diabetes and includes about 90% of all diabetic cases in the world. The most common gene polymorphism (VEGF405CG) is in the untranslated region of 5UTR, 405CG polymorphism probably has an effect on the level of expression after the gen MoreType 2 diabetes is the most common diabetes and includes about 90% of all diabetic cases in the world. The most common gene polymorphism (VEGF405CG) is in the untranslated region of 5UTR, 405CG polymorphism probably has an effect on the level of expression after the gene translation and increases the gene products. VEGF is a vascular endothelium factor that plays an important role in DR pathogenicity as an angiogenic and capillary permeability factor. Therefore, VEGF405CG may be a good candidate for potential of catching diabetes type 2. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between this gene and diseases such as type 2 diabetes in the population of Mazandaran province. The tested specimens consisted of 50 patient and 50 healthy people referring to the Atieh and Shahid Babaei laboratories. About 1 ml of blood containing EDTA (CBC) from 50 patient and 50 healthy individual was taken as a control after obtaining informed consent. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, which is a very important step in the RFLP method, spectrophotometric and electrophoresis method were used for quantitative and qualitative evaluation, respectively. To estimate the concentration of DNA, 4 μl of the base DNA solution was mixed with 1 μl of the sampler buffer and in a well, 1.5% agarose gel was evacuated in TAE buffer. A PCR product was evaluated on an2 % agarose gel. 5 μl of product of each reaction with 1 ml of color transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis was performed at a voltage of 100 V for 1.5 hours. The gel was stained in ethidium bromide solution (0.5 mg/ml) for 20 minutes and after transferred to distilled water was photographed with gel dock. This study does not show any association between VEGF405CG polymorphism among type II diabetic patients and further study is needed in different populations to better understanding the role of VEGF405CG. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Introducing and Studying the Kholasatoshoara ( Botkhaneh ) , idol temple , Biography
Mohaddeseh FarrokhiAbstract One of the methods in paying attention in the existing identity of societies is collecting and editing of the manuscripts and precise programming to identify and introduce these works. Among the manuscripts, since som MoreAbstract One of the methods in paying attention in the existing identity of societies is collecting and editing of the manuscripts and precise programming to identify and introduce these works. Among the manuscripts, since some of the biographies have kept the names and addresses of their writers, and have been survived up to now, are of specific importance. The biography of Kholasatoshoara ( botkhaneh ) is a footnote which has been written to the miscellany of Botkhaneh. It has over four thousand stitches, a selection poetry of the ancient or contemporary poets which is collected by Mulla Mohammad Sufi Mazandarani in cooperation with Abdollatif Abbasi in 1010 A. H. and later Abdollatif Abbasi Gojarati , in addition to writing a preface to it, has added the biography of poets together with their contemporary kings and the sages in brief and has arranged it in two volumes called Kholasatoshoara. In this article, by introducing the biography and existing copies of it, we have tried to offer its stylistics specification from the view point of lingual, thought and rhetoric Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - A Survey of the relationship between transformational leadership and staff organizational citizenship behavior of personnel’s of The General Directorate of Education of the Mazandaran Province
Abbas Abbaspoor mahmood araeiThis study with aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in 1392-93 with descriptive - correlation method have been conducted. Statistical population of this research have been the staff of The Gene MoreThis study with aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in 1392-93 with descriptive - correlation method have been conducted. Statistical population of this research have been the staff of The General Directorate of Education of the Mazandaran Province that their numbers have 198 employees and number of the research sample have 132 employees according to Morgan table, which was used of proportional stratified sampling method. Data of research with using of two questionnaires transformational Leadership Bass and Avalio’s (2000) and OCB Podsakf et al. (1990) with reliability of %922 and %76 has obtained of the Cronbach's alpha. For analysis of data was used of Spearman correlation coefficients and Multiple Regression. The results of Spearman correlation showed that the between transformational leadership, there is a positive and significant relationship with OCB. In addition, all components of transformational leadership (idealized influence, intellectual encourage, inspirational motivation and individual considerations) are correlated with OCB. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that among the components of transformational leadership inspirational motivation, and individual considerations effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - A Study on the Relationship between Academic failure and Its Effective Social Factors (A case study: among Students in Mazandaran High-schools )
Mehrdad Salehi Manouchehr Pahlavan Ali asghar ShojaiiAbstract : The present paper studies the relationship between academic failure and Its effective social factors among Mazandaran high–school-students. Some approaches like , structuralism ,functionalism , interactionism and con MoreAbstract : The present paper studies the relationship between academic failure and Its effective social factors among Mazandaran high–school-students. Some approaches like , structuralism ,functionalism , interactionism and conflict theories were used here . through out of research literature four hypotheses were analyzed in the research. the methods applied here , were descriptive – survey method. According to Cochran Alpha (170) students were chosen as sample population in Mazandaran in 2018. The data were gathered through researcher – made questionnaire. Some statistical formulas and SPSS soft ware were used here. The findings show that there is significant relationship between socio–economic status , social capital , control on education function and educational possibilities with academic failure. Regression and path analyzes show that socio–economic status (%29) , social capital (%28) , control on educational function(%27) and educational possibilities (%11) have the most standard regression effect on the dependent variable accordingly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Presenting the Model of Influencing Cultural Mobility on Managing Attachment of Managers of Mazandaran Universities
babak hoseinzade haniye divsalar Vahid FllahThe purpose of this study was to present a model of impact of cultural mobility on the managerial attachment of managers in Mazandaran universities. Due to the purpose and the nature of the research, this study used a mixed or mixed research method by combining qualitat MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of impact of cultural mobility on the managerial attachment of managers in Mazandaran universities. Due to the purpose and the nature of the research, this study used a mixed or mixed research method by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The population of the study was 15 experts in Mazandaran universities. Statistical population The quantitative phase of the study was all managers of universities in Mazandaran province with total population of 478 and sample size of 213. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of an interview with experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient above (0.7). Face and content validity were used to determine the validity of these instruments. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis confirmed the impact of cultural mobility on the managerial attachment of the managers of Mazandaran universities. The cv com, R2, and cv red indices were used and the results showed that our model had a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The impact of knowledge maturity on organizational innovation in medical educational centers of Mazandaran province
Orkideh Abbaspur Vahid Fallah Abdollah AliesmaeiliThe purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of knowledge maturity on organizational innovation in medical education centers of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of this research is the medical education centers of the west of Mazandaran prov MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of knowledge maturity on organizational innovation in medical education centers of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of this research is the medical education centers of the west of Mazandaran province, where 320 people were considered as samples. In this research, the research method is descriptive-survey method. The data collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient higher than (0.7). Form and content validity were used to determine the validity of these tools. In this research, structural equation model test and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. The results of the data analysis confirmed the effect of knowledge maturity on organizational innovation in medical education centers of Mazandaran province.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - On Shahnameh’s Mazandaran once more The battle of Iran and Mazandaran (East and West) the main ground for Persian epics
kamran arzhangiThe predominant theme of Persian epics after Shahnameh is the description of the battles between Iran and Mazandaran. Apparantly in this regard Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is an exception since it describes the most battles of the Iraninans with the Turanians.  MoreThe predominant theme of Persian epics after Shahnameh is the description of the battles between Iran and Mazandaran. Apparantly in this regard Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is an exception since it describes the most battles of the Iraninans with the Turanians. There are numerous comments about the reason behind why the central battle in Shahnameh belongs to Iran and Turan, yet the main discussion in this research is concerned with the epics other than Shahnameh. Eventhough epic geography is totally distinct from the real geography and the fictional geograhy is a psychological symbolic geography which is except for the names has no connection with the real geography, however the study of the fictional geography tells us that Mazandaran in Shahnameh must be located roughly in the west. Relying on the evidence collected from different texts this research shows that in most Persian epic texts with the exception of Shahnameh, the main battle of Persians is with the people of Mazandaran and Turanians have no significant role. Mazandaran based on the above evidence is roughly located in the west which is a symbol of darkness according to the Persian epic literature and is set against brightness (Iran), therefore Mazandaran cannot be located in the territory of India (east).. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Mythological and epic foundations in the story of Beasts of Mazandaran in Shahnameh
Arash Akbari MafakherThis article seeks to identify the epic and mythological foundations of the story of the Beasts of Mazandaran in Shahnameh with particular attention to their records in Avestan, Pahlavi, Soghdi and other texts. The very first epic and mythological origin of this s MoreThis article seeks to identify the epic and mythological foundations of the story of the Beasts of Mazandaran in Shahnameh with particular attention to their records in Avestan, Pahlavi, Soghdi and other texts. The very first epic and mythological origin of this story is in the Avestan and Pahlavi texts. In these texts, the beasts appear in two divine and manlike structures and stand against Ahuramazda, deities and men. However, in the ninth book of Dinkard, an independent story makes the epic framework of the story of Beasts of Mazandaran. In this story, beasts are gigantic men who stand against Feraydun . This narration is conveyed to the first report in Koushnameh. These gigantic men in the report of Dinkard and Koushnameh having passed through the stories of Nariman and Maghreb Beasts, Sam and Nareh beasts of Mazandaran and Soghdi Rostamnameh acquire demonic nature and transform into demonic beasts with magic forces and superhuman deeds. In the end, the story of beasts of Mazandaran after being demythologized is conveyed to the second report of Koushnameh Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Introducing and examining a newly found historical epic related to Shah Abbas I chronicle With emphasis on the local history of Mazandaran
Shahram Gholipour Gudarzi Mohammad-Reza Nasiri Houshang Khosro Beigi Mohammad Shokri-FoumeshiAbstract Manuscripts receive special attention in written Persian heritage collection. A large section of evolutionary thoughts from our ancestors had reached us through these manuscripts copies. The importance of their identification, revival, and publicati MoreAbstract Manuscripts receive special attention in written Persian heritage collection. A large section of evolutionary thoughts from our ancestors had reached us through these manuscripts copies. The importance of their identification, revival, and publication as major historical, literary, and cultural sources are quite evident. The purpose of this article is to introduce a newly found copy whose main title is unknown yet it is recognized as an historical epic related to Shah Abbas I chronicle or the conquests of Shah Ismaeil in verse. This work deals with the political history of events occurred in Iran particularly in Mazandaran, and is also concerned with the reign of Marashian and other local sovereigns of the northern province of Iran in Safavid era. The anonym Abstract Manuscripts receive special attention in written Persian heritage collection. A large section of evolutionary thoughts from our ancestors had reached us through these manuscripts copies. The importance of their identification, revival, and publication as major historical, literary, and cultural sources are quite evident. The purpose of this article is to introduce a newly found copy whose main title is unknown yet it is recognized as an historical epic related to Shah Abbas I chronicle or the conquests of Shah Ismaeil in verse. This work deals with the political history of events occurred in Iran particularly in Mazandaran, and is also concerned with the reign of Marashian and other local sovereigns of the northern province of Iran in Safavid era. The anonymous poet of this historical epic had recorded all the major events of Persian history till his own time in a new verse form and this is highly important since the innovations employed in this work had no prior history as far as the historiography of Mazandaran is concerned. The present article identifies and analyzes the manuscript copy with emphasis on local history of Dar al-Marz (Northern provinces of Iran). Keywords Maunscript copy, Shah Abbas I chronicle, local historical epic poetry, Mazandaran, Safavid. ous poet of this historical epic had recorded all the major events of Persian history till his own time in a new verse form and this is highly important since the innovations employed in this work had no prior history as far as the historiography of Mazandaran is concerned. The present article identifies and analyzes the manuscript copy with emphasis on local history of Dar al-Marz (Northern provinces of Iran). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Mazandaran and Alborz in shahnameh
Behjat Najibi FiniFerdosi's shahnameh as a based document which represents Iranian patriotism, magnificence, ancientness has more to figJre out for Iranian let alone people all around the world. one of the matters discussed in shahnameh is geographic expansion which shahnameh's resea MoreFerdosi's shahnameh as a based document which represents Iranian patriotism, magnificence, ancientness has more to figJre out for Iranian let alone people all around the world. one of the matters discussed in shahnameh is geographic expansion which shahnameh's researchers have always saught the answer of the question that Mazandaran and Alborz included exactly which geographic region of Iran in Shahnameh as on eternity opus. And whether this d:trict was a part of the country or not. This essay tries to answer these questions by contributing ancient geographic and the works of contemporary scholars. Manuscript profile
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