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Open Access Article
1 - Designing Service Outsourcing System in Support Organizations (Case Study: Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars Province)
yalda sharafiyan Habib Allah Ranaei Kordshouli Moslem AlimohamadlooAbstract Objective: Economic complexity has led to the inefficiency of organizations, and they seek to strengthen their core competencies in order to achieve this goal by delegating some of their tasks in the form of outsourcing. The purpose of this study is to design MoreAbstract Objective: Economic complexity has led to the inefficiency of organizations, and they seek to strengthen their core competencies in order to achieve this goal by delegating some of their tasks in the form of outsourcing. The purpose of this study is to design a system of outsourcing of services, including the principles, processes and various activities of outsourcing services in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fars province. Method: This research is cross-sectional in terms of practical purpose, type, case study, and time. The qualitative and quantitative analysis method is mixed and quantified in a way that has been proposed based on literature review and data extraction and with observation and in-depth interviews of the focus group of relief committee experts, processes specific to the relief committee and the characteristics of each stage of The process is approved in the proposed model and converted to the final and localized model. Findings: Findings in the form of providing a comprehensive system for outsourcing services in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) in a process with six steps, including preparing the outsourcing plan, identifying comparable services, identifying the index and selection of service providers, assignment of outstanding services, reorganization of the department after transfer and monitoring, monitoring and control of assigned services and the whole system, from the input stage, process, output and feedback in the form of A standard model of outsourcing is appropriate for this institution, along with the indicators of each stage. Keywords: outsourcing, outsourcing services, provider selection, monitoring of outsourcing services, Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Significance Assessment of Passive Defense in Harbors
abbas maroofnezhad leyla khozestaniThe coastal cities and of course port and harbors due to their economic, transit and tourism situations are always exposed to attacks and threats from the enemy. Passive defense is among approaches through which ,from one hand , makes the deterrence role of ports increa MoreThe coastal cities and of course port and harbors due to their economic, transit and tourism situations are always exposed to attacks and threats from the enemy. Passive defense is among approaches through which ,from one hand , makes the deterrence role of ports increase and their vulnerability decrease either. Regarding the importance of the topic, this research, using five indicators (architecture and design, structure, facilities and equipment, proximity and access, information security and cyber network) and 104 sub-indexes, aims to shed light on the significance assessment of passive defense in harbor of imam khomeini. This research is applied and the research method is survey evaluation with emphasis on the questionnaire. The statistical population includes the employees and experts of the port administration and some officials of the institutions of the city of Bandar Imam Khomeini and the determined sample size is 100 people. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the data distribution normality, and to check the status of the research variables, structural equation modeling was done using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method via SMARTPLS software, and Friedman's model was used to rank the variables. The findings from the PLS test results revealed that the facilities and equipment index has the highest impact (0.873) and the information security and cyber network index has the lowest impact (0.737). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Management and disposal of surface runoff using geographic information system and fuzzy method (Case study: Bandar Imam Khomeini)
Shahab Mosavi رامین ارفع نیا Ghasem KhosraviThe purpose of building surface water collection networks is to enhance the resilience of cities against unexpected events such as floods and to improve overall urban health. Recent rainfalls in Bandar Imam Khomeini have exposed vulnerabilities, leading to severe floodi MoreThe purpose of building surface water collection networks is to enhance the resilience of cities against unexpected events such as floods and to improve overall urban health. Recent rainfalls in Bandar Imam Khomeini have exposed vulnerabilities, leading to severe flooding in roads and streets due to the absence of canals and surface drainage systems. The problem has caused significant damage to the infrastructure of the region. The research aims to implement a runoff management system using the Geographic Information System in Bandar Imam Khomeini. For this purpose, digital layers of the area, including elevation, slope, direction of slope, and drainage network of the city were prepared using the Geographic Information System. The fuzzy logic method was then employed to identify areas with the potential for runoff accumulation in the region. The research findings indicate that these areas are concentrated in the east, center, northeast, and southeast of the region. Then, using the RiverTools technique and according to the map of the city's drainage network, the best routes for constructing proposed canals were determined. These canals include sub-canals, second-order main canals, and third-order main canals. The first-order canal is the main conduit that collects the water of the second and third order canals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - An Overview of the Impact of Content Advertising on social media on Customers' Intentions to buy in home businesses
Parima Khanbabaei naser azad Fattaneh Alizadeh MeshkaniBrand development and management is a top priority for many organizations because the brand is one of the most valuable assets for organizations. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, the marketing activities considered in these organizations must have an effecti MoreBrand development and management is a top priority for many organizations because the brand is one of the most valuable assets for organizations. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, the marketing activities considered in these organizations must have an effective approach and the brand-related marketing communications must be in line with the marketing strategies. Similarly, researchers have done a great deal of research to understand the factors influencing brand development and management. With the advent of social media and its growing popularity, brands are also using social media as an effective channel to spread marketing communication messages, which has created a new type of communication, which is used in the best way and has become an important turning point. Has been created to successfully create and maintain a brand image, and has provided new opportunities to share brand-related information. Definitely one of the most important marketing communication tools that play a key role in consumer behavior and purchasing decisions is the content of brand advertising. Therefore, this study examines the impact of content on social media advertising on consumer behavioral intent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Role of Social Networks in the Development of Home Businesses(Telegram and Instagram Case Study)
masih behrad mohammadreza rasouli akbar nasrollahiIn the modern age, businesses are growing and expanding intensely because of emerging new technologies and their availability. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of home-based business in telegram and Instagram. The research me MoreIn the modern age, businesses are growing and expanding intensely because of emerging new technologies and their availability. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of home-based business in telegram and Instagram. The research method is quantitative and based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research includes home business activists, and the needed volume for the society was calculated 382 people based on Cochran formula. Next, members were selected and questioned using simple random sampling method. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method which is 0.772 which indicates acceptable validity of the items in measuring the research indices.The theoretical basis of this research is presented in two categories of media and economic theories of thinkers. Concepts and ideas of Walt Whitman Rowstow, David Reesman, Raymond Williams, Neil Esmelsrou Theories used include the Third Wave of Alvin Toffler, the Danish-based intercontinental society, the use and satisfaction of Manuel Castells.The results show that the set of economic, political, managerial and communication infrastructure factors, government oversight, government support and enhancement of ICT structure, tax and transaction costs, and the type of virtual network, have been instrumental in the growth and expansion of the home business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Examining the effect of cultural values on enhancing the performance of the space in rural homes by relying on the role of behavioral patterns
Ali Akbar Heidari Maryam KiaeeCulture is a set of values that exists in a community or a nation and reflects the approach, think, believe, behaviors, and lifestyle of people. The notion of public culture refers to the common values that are common in society. These values are in the domain of thinki MoreCulture is a set of values that exists in a community or a nation and reflects the approach, think, believe, behaviors, and lifestyle of people. The notion of public culture refers to the common values that are common in society. These values are in the domain of thinking, belief, views, and structural aspects, as well as practical aspects such as the behavior and lifestyle of human beings, and are characterized by being collective and transformative. The views of some theoreticians in the field of housing and culture, especially traditional and rural housing, reflect the significant impact of culture on the physical aspects of space and current behavior patterns. On the one hand, Rapoport believes that from a far past, home for man has been more than shelter, and spiritual and religious aspects are fully evident throughout the construction process of the houses until it is established and used. On the other hand, the influence of cultural factors along with factors such as climate, building techniques, indigenous materials and etc., on the formation of the physical-spatial structure of the house is undeniable, and in some of its traditional types, the arrangement of various organs it significantly affects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural values on the formation of behavioral patterns in the home environment­. Behavioral patterns are also dependent on the function and form of the house, which its proper shape has led to enhance the performance of the space function. The process of this research is defined in four stages. In the first stage, several cultural indicators were extracted as a sample of related literature and the behavioral dimensions associated with them were explained in the home environment. In the next step, the components of functional performance were investigated. These components were extracted through "space syntax" indicators and the collected data was evaluated and analyzed by "Depthmap" software used in the space layout method. The third stage consists of extracting the theoretical framework of research in which the relationship between elements of architecture affecting the functional efficiency and cultural values prevailing on the way of life is explained and, finally, in the fourth stage in order to demonstrate the hypothesis that the impact of the cultural values governing the lives of people on enhancing the performance of space in the home, the above are tested in two examples of rural - traditional homes. The results showed that the existence of cultural and spiritual values, in addition to the impacts on behavioral patterns and the arrangement of spaces in the internal environment, is also effective on improving the optimum functional performance of space in traditional homes and specifically rural settlements. Therefore, the goal of this study is to answer this question, “How can one affect the use of cultural values of inhabitants in the architecture of houses on formation of some behavioral and structural-physical forms in homes?”, In other words, can these behaviors lead to proper functioning of homes by adjusting the relationships of individuals in space? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Systematic Review of Research Trends in Lifestyle and Housing
Mahsa Zarrabi Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar Seyed Bagher Hosseini -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Place Attachment Rate in Home, Neighborhood and Urban (Case Study: Shiraz City, Iran)
Ali Akbar Heidari Salman Moradian Paria Teimoori -
Open Access Article
9 - Probiotics and glycemic control: A simplified interplay model for the pathways behind
Somayyeh Firouzi -
Open Access Article
10 - HHC-PSS: Solving the problem of home health care with a resource constrained project scheduling approach
Hamid Reza YousefzadeIn home health care (HHC) problem, the assignment of medical teams to patients and scheduling medical members are done manually, which is a time-consuming process and sometimes are not optimized. In this article, we examine the scheduling assignment of medical teams to MoreIn home health care (HHC) problem, the assignment of medical teams to patients and scheduling medical members are done manually, which is a time-consuming process and sometimes are not optimized. In this article, we examine the scheduling assignment of medical teams to the patients with a new innovative approach based on resource constrained project scheduling problem. Advantages of proposed approach can be included the use of theorems, standard benchmark problems, and various (meta-innovative) scheduling methods to improve assignment quality, as well as determining the minimum number of human resources required to cover all medical services requested by patients. In this approach, we solve the HHC problem by defining a dynamic priority rule and using the parallel scheduling scheme. Evaluation criteria for evaluating the quality of feasible solutions resulting from scheduling include minimizing the travel time of medical team members, reducing overtimes, maximizing the number of human resources which are used, and so on. The set of feasible solutions satisfy to some constraints such as the total working time in the contracts, the hardware time window of each job, the mandatory breaking time, and the optimal assignment of the medical team to patients (according to the type of service requested by the patient). The numerical results obtained from calling the proposed algorithm on the Kolisch’s benchmarks are presented to evaluate the performance of proposed approach. Based on the results, the proposed algorithm has a high ability to solve the HHC problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A multi-objective optimization model for scheduling nurses and routing them in home health care services
Hamid Reza Yousefzadeh somayeh Harati Motlagh Moosarreza Shamsyeh ZahediRecently with the growing population and the consequences of factors such as the increase in the number of elderly and patients with chronic diseases, the demand for receiving Home Health Care (HHC) is increasing. HHC services providers are looking for the optimal solut MoreRecently with the growing population and the consequences of factors such as the increase in the number of elderly and patients with chronic diseases, the demand for receiving Home Health Care (HHC) is increasing. HHC services providers are looking for the optimal solutions in planning and scheduling HHC service delivery to maximize the satisfaction of patients and nurses in addition to minimizing the costs to patients. Accordingly on the one hand, the patients prefer to be visited at some specific periods based on their nursing skills. On the other hand, nurses are willing to provide services during their desired time windows. Following the rules corresponding to the working times in the contract, observing the soft and hard time windows, and taking required breaks are some of the restrictions that must be considered.The main objectives of this paper are to minimize the total traveling times and overtime of all nurses and to maximize the satisfaction level of patients as well as nurses, which are achieved through a multi-objective mathematical programming model.The proposed model considers the preferences of the nurses, as well as their patience. Moreover it establishes mandatory breaks for nurses after a certain period of work to assign qualified nurses to patients, optimize schedules, and determine the route of nurses, and provides high-quality services. Finally by applying the proposed model to a set of different random test problems, and by considering the stopping criterion on the problem solving time, we analyze the numerical results corresponding to optimal scheduling and allocation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Review between Occupation and Life Satisfaction in Isfahan Women
Mansour Haghighatian Mojtaba Arezi -
Open Access Article
13 - Women in Contemporary Islamic Society: A Study of Iran
Ashaq Hussain Safa Altaf -
Open Access Article
14 - Spreading Modern Rationality and forming the New Patterns of Family; a Study of Cohabitation Style in Tehran
Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri Leila Shiri Gheydari Mahshid Shahidi -
Open Access Article
15 - Analyzing the Preferences of Knowledgeable Citizens towards Alternatives in Emergency Products: A Study on Alternative Treatment Services in Sylhet City, Bangladesh
A. Latif D. Dam A. Hasan -
Open Access Article
16 - Identifying the in-store non-verbal cues affecting the buying behavior of customers in the home appliance industry
Maryam Jaberi Karim Hamdi Farhad Hosseinzadeh lotfiIn this research, non-verbal in-store factors affecting the buying behavior of customers in the home appliance industry have been identified. The data required for this research were collected in two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, the in- MoreIn this research, non-verbal in-store factors affecting the buying behavior of customers in the home appliance industry have been identified. The data required for this research were collected in two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, the in-depth interview method was used to collect the necessary information. The data obtained in this phase of the research were analyzed by the method of content analysis. Also, in the quantitative phase, the field method was used to collect information and analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis method. In order to cover the research objectives, at first, by conducting in-depth interviews with experts in the field of non-verbal communication, indicators that can be effective in predicting the buying behavior of customers were identified, and then based on the importance of each From these indicators, the factors that are finally introduced as non-verbal in-store factors that influence the buying behavior of customers. The results obtained in the interview with experts show that 33 indicators can be considered as non-verbal in-store indicators affecting the buying behavior of customers in the home appliance industry. Based on the findings of this research, brands active in this industry can design more optimal stores for end customers, which in addition to creating a positive impact on their shopping experience, also on the branding of industry players. It can have a significant impact Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparative study of the brand's prominence effect on purchase decision in Iranian and foreign home appliances with Grounded Theory Approach
Niousha Dehbini Mohammad Haghighi Abdolkhalegh GholamiConsumer behavior analysis, market conditions and corporate profits have been considered in recent years. Creating value for customers and helping them decide how to buy them is one of the important issues that matters in marketing science. The purpose of this research MoreConsumer behavior analysis, market conditions and corporate profits have been considered in recent years. Creating value for customers and helping them decide how to buy them is one of the important issues that matters in marketing science. The purpose of this research is to develop the conceptual model of decision making to purchase by explaining the role of brand prominence and identifying its dimensions with a combination (qualitative - quantitative) approach. Then a comparative study is conducted on Iranian and foreign home appliance brands. In the qualitative stage, the grounded theory method was used in modeling the data. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire derived from previous research and analyzed by Factor Analysis with SmartPLS3 software. 450 questionnaires were distributed randomly among customers of Iranian home appliance brands Snowa and LG. 396 questionnaires were analyzed for Snowa and 434 questionnaires for the LG. The results showed that brand quality, brand awareness, price and brand image have a significant effect on brand prominence. But brand association not significant effect on prominence. The results also showed a significant impact of brand quality, brand awareness, pricing and brand association on brand prominence of LG's home appliances, and showed that the brand image had no significant effect on the brand prominence. Also, the brand prominence has an impact on the purchase decision of LG and Snowa brand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Conceptualizing Entrepreneur’s Individual Role in Home Based Business Marketing
A. M. Golabi S. H. Khodadad Hoseini J. Yadollahi M. RezvaniThe purpose of the present study is to determine the individual role and position of entrepreneurs in home-based business marketing activities. The paper main focus is on finding the combine characteristics of entrepreneurs as an influential factor in home-based busines MoreThe purpose of the present study is to determine the individual role and position of entrepreneurs in home-based business marketing activities. The paper main focus is on finding the combine characteristics of entrepreneurs as an influential factor in home-based business marketing process. A qualitative exploratory approach and specifically the case study method were used for understanding the role of entrepreneurs in this context. The data were collected through depth and semi-structure interviews with 12 entrepreneur/owner manager of home-based businesses. The findings indicated that the entrepreneur individual is utilizing his/her personal characteristics and abilities, working experiences and skills, personal intuition and perception, proactiveness and adherence to ethical principles in market place, to gain more profit and also deliver higher values to his/her initial and secondary customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Condition of modification of obedience of married couple employed by Imamieh jurisprudence
behnam ghanbarporWith the marriage contract, commitments are made between the couple, including the commitment of the wife to the couple in obedience. In the contemporary world, where women, like men, have undertaken many jobs and social tasks and are forced to leave home, it is not pos MoreWith the marriage contract, commitments are made between the couple, including the commitment of the wife to the couple in obedience. In the contemporary world, where women, like men, have undertaken many jobs and social tasks and are forced to leave home, it is not possible for them to obey in any way. Encouraging women to work in a well-off society is a challenge that has plagued some families and, in some cases, provided the couples with a misconception. They were bound to disagree with the couple's arguments. This research, organized by the analysis method, aims to answer the question whether the appointment of a couple as the head of the family in Iranian jurisprudence and law will not lead to unconditional domination and authority of some men. The article emphasizes this view since obedience is not considered as a right of couples in the essence of marriage; therefore, a working wife can express her commitment to obedience during the marriage expressly and conclusively. Be transparent and adjust the couple's expectations using the condition of the contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Study about moslems will for the Infidel with an Approach to Imam Khomeini's Views
Fatemeh Najibzadeh seyed Mohammad Taghi Ghabooli Dorafshan Mohammad Hassn HaeriTestifying to a Muslim person for infidelity, including mental and religious infidelity, is one of the controversial topics in the jurisprudence of will.There is a dispute among the Imamiyyah jurists as to whether or not a will is permissible for a Muslim infidel and a MoreTestifying to a Muslim person for infidelity, including mental and religious infidelity, is one of the controversial topics in the jurisprudence of will.There is a dispute among the Imamiyyah jurists as to whether or not a will is permissible for a Muslim infidel and a disbeliever.Some jurists believe that it is not permissible for a Muslim to testify against an infidel and some believe that it is not permissible for a Muslim to testify against an infidel, each of which has its own proof of the Holy Quran and narrations.However, according to Article 958 of the Civil Code, a will can be considered permissible for an infidel.. There is nothing in the legal texts about the will for the infideIn this article, the authors have tried to evaluate the viewpoints of the jurists in a descriptive-analytic way by referring to the library sources in comparison to Imam Khomeini's views on the validity or inaccuracy of the will of the Muslim for the infidel and the infidel. And examine the evidence of each view.The result is that in the matter of will for the infidel and the national apostate, Imam Khomeini believes in the correctness of the will for them, and in the matter of testifying for the infidel, he has chosen the position of silence and made the discussion a reflection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Jurisprudential Explanation of Marriage without Verbal Aqd (Mu’atati) from Imam Khomeini's Point of View
Ahmad Rastgordani Mahmoud Qayoumzadeh (Corresponding Author) Mohammad Rasoul AhangaranMu’atati marriage is one of the challenging and important issues in family jurisprudence. Some jurists, accepting the point that words are not relevant in the fulfillment of demand and acceptance, have claimed the validity of the marriage of mu’atati, but mo MoreMu’atati marriage is one of the challenging and important issues in family jurisprudence. Some jurists, accepting the point that words are not relevant in the fulfillment of demand and acceptance, have claimed the validity of the marriage of mu’atati, but most jurists believe that such a marriage contract (Aqd) is not valid, which was stated by Imam Khomeini. It seems that despite the verses and hadiths, the consensus and the sirah (lifestyle) of Muslims, the view of most jurists is more valid. From the point of view of Imam Khomeini, the requirement of the principle of Mu’atat in every marriage and Iqaa (Those pronouncements which do not require participation of two parties) is that its composition should be turned into the deed. Because the deed, like the word, is a means of valid creation and iqaa. As a result, in this article, the jurisprudential explanation of marriage without a verbal contract (mu’atati) was dealt with from the point of view of Imam Khomeini. For this purpose, the validity of mu’atati marriage has been analyzed by descriptive analytical method and in line with the investigation of this issue, taking into account the views of Imam Khomeini and other jurists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - An Investigation into the Legal and Legal Dimensions of Marriage with the Childbearing, with Approach to Imam Khomeini's Idea
Mohamad Hadi ِDaraei Mahdi Naser Majid Re RezaeiChildbearing has been and continues to be a socially beneficial institution in all societies. In pre-Islamic Iran, adoption has also taken place. However, adoption in Islam has become obsolete, meaning that you can not have another son, your son, and all the works of th MoreChildbearing has been and continues to be a socially beneficial institution in all societies. In pre-Islamic Iran, adoption has also taken place. However, adoption in Islam has become obsolete, meaning that you can not have another son, your son, and all the works of the real child. On this reason, the civil law does not put childhood in any of the relative affiliations. The special law on this vocabulary has used the term "guardianship" and has sought to adapt the rules of custody to Islamic principles. Following the same compliance with Islamic law, the legislator allowed marriage to a child of the same or the person under guardianship. In the opinion of contemporary jurisprudents including Imam Khomeini, adoptive marriages with the guardian or their descendants have been accepted under conditions. It seems that the purpose of such marriage is not permanent marriage, but temporary marriage, which is only due to the confidentiality of the parties and the possibility of performing other works of marriage as close as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Rule of “Al-Muntana Al-Wattiaryar La Ainafi al-Kathiyar”
Mohammad Javad Ghaemi Mohammad Sadeq Fazel rahman valizadehOne of the most definite rules, which is widely accepted by all the principles and jurisprudents, and even the clique in rejecting divine allegiances, is based on the rule of law, according to this rule, if a person is at his own discretion The urgent need for the prohi MoreOne of the most definite rules, which is widely accepted by all the principles and jurisprudents, and even the clique in rejecting divine allegiances, is based on the rule of law, according to this rule, if a person is at his own discretion The urgent need for the prohibited verb or the termination of the verb, this urgency does not lead to the abolition of the Eagle and its religious and criminal responsibility. The most important reason for proving this rule, along with the guidance of the guidance of some verses, is the verdict of reason to the correctness of the coexistence and manifestation of the title of deserving the eagle affected by the original authority. The only disagreement among those who are involved in this rule is its inclusion in the position of the person and the duty of the Eagle, which, based on the evidence of the power in the Eagle's privilege, seems to be the monopoly of the lack of tolerance. In terms of adaptation and legal application, it can be said that its major application is in the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Characteristics of the Authors: a Study on the Ruling of Proverbs by an Approach to Imam Khomeini's Views
Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Ghobuli Darrafshan Mohammad Hasan Haeri Fatemeh NajibzadehOne of the issues of interest in the noble religion of Islam is the observance and protection of human, animal and plant rights. According to the jurisprudential principle of respect, which is referred to as “respect for property and practice of Islam”, it h MoreOne of the issues of interest in the noble religion of Islam is the observance and protection of human, animal and plant rights. According to the jurisprudential principle of respect, which is referred to as “respect for property and practice of Islam”, it has been instituted in support of Muslim practice and to prevent the rape of others, and states that acts of a Muslim such as his are respected and respected In fact, the practice of a Muslim is considered equivalent to his property and must be paid in return for the Muslim's practice and others cannot benefit from the service without paying the Muslim's One of the principles of this rule is to obtain a proverb from the Prophet (pbuh), since the Prophet (pbuh) is the guardian of the property of the orphans and is in charge of the care of the orphan, he is respected and therefore can be exonerated. He removes the saying from the orphanage and among the jurisprudents of the Imamiyyah No one denies that the proverb is not permitted. In this descriptive-analytical method, referring to the documents of Imam Khomeini and the well-known jurists in a descriptive-analytical manner, referring to the documentary and library sources, the fact is that Imam Khomeini (RH) absolutely permits. Obtaining the proverb is by the testator, and according to their view there is no difference in obtaining the proverb by the poor and the rich. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of the Family Education Comprehensive System, Proposed by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, On families Supported by the Alborz province
سیدرضا صالحی امیری مسعود کوثری سیدمحسن میرIntroduction and Objective: The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in order to eliminate cultural poverty from families under their support, teaching life skills for making healthy families is the most important part of their cultural program. Family literacy campaign, tea MoreIntroduction and Objective: The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in order to eliminate cultural poverty from families under their support, teaching life skills for making healthy families is the most important part of their cultural program. Family literacy campaign, teaching of cultural, religious, moral, law, health and mental health issues helps families to become healthier and more successful. The main hypothesis of this study is that, the family education plan of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation has a significant impact on empowering of cultural and spiritual aspect of families. Methods: The research methods used in this study in terms of objectives is functional. And in terms of degree of control, used field work technique and data collection was descriptive and experimental. The statistical population for this study includes all households registered under, comprehensive system of family education of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Alborz province, which includes 822 families. Random assignment is used to specify sampling method, and in the end 120 families were identified. Data collection tool, for this research was interview, and paper questionnaire, and finally, Likert type questionnaire was prepared, which had 30 questions, using descriptive and inferential statics (frequency, frequency ratio, and frequency distribution tables) and T-test was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Results shows that, impact of comprehensive system of family education was very high in empowering and promote awareness, and abilities of guardians and other family members, which is supported by this program. Results of sub-hypothesis indicated that the impact of these trainings, from religious point of view was very successful, in empowering of religious beliefs and attitudes in families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Sociological Study of the Impact of Women's Employment on Social Development in Iran (Case of Study: Women Home Business Owners in 16th and 19th Districts of Tehran)
emilia rambod Mehdi MokhtarpourDevelopment and improvement of businesses and women's employment in the home-based sector is one of the most important and effective ways to improve the economic and social situation of society; Because despite the many restrictions and existing policies and laws, it is MoreDevelopment and improvement of businesses and women's employment in the home-based sector is one of the most important and effective ways to improve the economic and social situation of society; Because despite the many restrictions and existing policies and laws, it is very difficult to start a home-based business and employ women in this sector. The purpose of this study was to understand the sociology of women's employment on social development in Iran in the light of laws, regulations and policies of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Affairs. The country was supported in the development of home-based businesses and women's employment in this field, and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with home-based business owners, and after analyzing data and laws and interviews, issues and needs of business owners and job applicants were raised. These include: gender discrimination, legal restrictions, long working hours, interference with family duties, cumbersome regulations, social insurance dissatisfaction, lack of up-to-date training and a desire for teacher-student training methods, Lack of monitoring of law enforcement, weak marketing, insufficient banking facilities, economic instability and high inflation rates, restrictions on access to cyberspace and dissatisfaction with municipal markets. At the end of the research, useful strategies for women's employment for the social development of the country are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - An Evaluation of Life Expectancy Status among Homeless Women in Tehran City (Case of study: A Temporary Holding Center for Homeless Women of Tehran Municipality, "Samansraye Lavizan")
Khadijeh Safiri Rasoul Khadem -
Open Access Article
28 - Social Justice in Imam Khomeini’s Reflection
Ebrahim Irannezhad Mohammad hossein Jamshidi Ahmad Farshbafiyan -
Open Access Article
29 - The role and effects of Hometown Associations on rural development (a case of study Daryan village)
Mostafa Azkia Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi Valiollah Rostamalizadeh -
Open Access Article
30 - Study of the Effect of Urban Regeneration on the Development of Social Capital (Case Study: Ardabil Aliqapu Sidewalk)
Mohsen Alaei BousjinA general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment and lubrication of worn-out tissues in public urban spaces. On the other hand, urban space is a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social interac MoreA general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment and lubrication of worn-out tissues in public urban spaces. On the other hand, urban space is a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social interactions and a basis for the formation and development of social capital. The development of social capital strengthens values such as solidarity, solidarity, unity, cooperation and public participation. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of urban regeneration on the development, progress and promotion of social capital. At this stage, first the required data were collected from the selected statistical population using a survey study method and a questionnaire technique (two researcher-made questionnaires, one social capital questionnaire and the other urban regeneration questionnaire), after classification. And extraction, with the usual statistical methods and using SPSS software, were measured and analyzed scientifically. The statistical population of this research, by interviewing people over 18 to 60 years old, with different forms of space occupation such as use, living and working on the Aliqapu sidewalk ın Ardabil and in the spring and summer of 2019-2020 has been selected. 130 samples were selected using random sampling method. The results show that the urban regeneration of Aliqapu sidewalk in Ardabil has a positive and significant effect on the development of social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effective Factors in attracting tourists to rural destinations
shaghayegh hafezizadeh hamid jafari katauon alizadeh hadi Ghanbarzadeh DarbanLocated in a natural environment and lifestyle of rural villages tourism opportunities in rural areas creates indoor and outdoor promenades (Taj, 1381:23). Thus the village territory offered a variety of activities and attractions (Javan, 1385). These natural and cultur MoreLocated in a natural environment and lifestyle of rural villages tourism opportunities in rural areas creates indoor and outdoor promenades (Taj, 1381:23). Thus the village territory offered a variety of activities and attractions (Javan, 1385). These natural and cultural resources and historical attractions to be considered as powerful incentive to visit rural areas and valuable tourist destinations. The present study aims to identify priority factors affecting rural destinations attract tourists to the Damavand county in Tehran province has 39 villages of more than 100 people were. To analyses the data both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. 6 villages as the sample size was calculated using the formula Cochrane. The selection of villages were through randomly action equity interval method and considering unlimited number of tourists visiting the villages and so 350 people were questioning. The results of hypothesis testing using t-test showed that there is a Significant relationship between four variables (second home ownership Or stay in - Ease of access and quality of facilities path- Attractions and natural resources and Attractions and historical- cultural resources) and tourists attraction to the villages . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Morphotectonic Investigation of Khoy Region based on Morphometry Indexes
HASSAN HAJI HOSSEINLOU Saeideh MirhoseinanThe study area from Sedimentary-structurl Units of Iran is located in Khoy ophiolite zone and Alborz- Azarbayjan zone. Studied area is in northwest Khoy between 44° 30´ E and 45˚00´E longitudes and 38° 30' N and 39˚ 00´ N latitudes. This resear MoreThe study area from Sedimentary-structurl Units of Iran is located in Khoy ophiolite zone and Alborz- Azarbayjan zone. Studied area is in northwest Khoy between 44° 30´ E and 45˚00´E longitudes and 38° 30' N and 39˚ 00´ N latitudes. This research uses calculation of morphotectonic indexes to study effects of active range boundary within range faults in study area on drainage pattern and river streams. Using the results of calculating some morphotectonical index in combinations with other data types, neotectonical activities rate is determined in some selected basinsKey words: Morphometry Indexes, Neotectonical activities, Khoy thrust fault, Strike slip fault Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Building second homes and its impact on the stable, unstable rural settlements Case Study (Shamiran QasranRudbar)
khaled alipoor محمد ظاهریWith the development of urbanization and industrialization of countries establishing second homes in rural areas and good weather for wide spread around the big cities. This phenomenon in different dimensions (economic, social, environmental and structural) has affected MoreWith the development of urbanization and industrialization of countries establishing second homes in rural areas and good weather for wide spread around the big cities. This phenomenon in different dimensions (economic, social, environmental and structural) has affected the rural areas. Therefore, this study is a descriptive - analytical seeks to create effects on stability and instability in rural settlement second homes QasranRudbar the city Shamiran studied. To achieve this goal, first using a questionnaire that included the variables of economic, social and environmental - physical had been set. Then its validity by experts and its reliability was assessed by Kvrnbakh alpha. As well as sampling (Cochran method) 250questionnaires were distributed among the people to answer the research question. Finally, to analyze data collected by questionnaire, EXCEL, SPSS and factor analysis test was used. The results show that the spread of second homes in the studied area in the Villa building and economic and social aspects of sustainability and environmental causes - physical has led to instability. The most important factor of instability in the region is the contamination of soil and water resources and climate. Finally, to improve the status quo are a few suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysis and Assessment of Homeownership Sustainability in Small Cities (Case Study: Saman City)
علی شمس الدینی GHASEMI EZATOLLAHAccording to the basic principles of sustainable human development, accommodating the basic needs of citizens is an important and essential topic. Providing housing for various social classes is one of the most important necessities. Today, housing is one of the most ac MoreAccording to the basic principles of sustainable human development, accommodating the basic needs of citizens is an important and essential topic. Providing housing for various social classes is one of the most important necessities. Today, housing is one of the most acute problems in developing countries so that domestic migration, problems relating to the supply of land, lack of adequate resources, poor economic management, lack of comprehensive housing planning, and other housing shortcomings in the country's economic infrastructure, on the one hand, and the rapid increase in urban population, on the other hand, have made housing a complex and multi-dimensional problems in such countries. Homeownership is an important topic due to its importance in citizens` social and psychological aspects. Considering sustainable development, this article aims to assess homeownership in four municipal districts in Saman, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. A descriptive-analytical study was performed. In terms of the objective, the study is applied. Vikor Decision-Making Model was employed for the analysis. AHP was used to weight indicators. Findings indicate that the levels of quality are as follow concerning the housing ownership in four districts: District 1 (0.710), relatively poor; District 2 (0.406), medium; District 3(0.847), poor, District 4 (0.130), optimal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Impact of Tourism of Second Homes on Sustainability and Rural Development with Emphasis on Human Development Indicators, Case Study of Damavand Village Villages
efat khoshnood Masoud Mahdavi Esmaiel GhaderiThe concept of human development is the extension of the process of selecting individuals, and it is argued that the main purpose of development is to promote the true creation of man and to improve the quality of life of individuals. On the other hand, in the last two MoreThe concept of human development is the extension of the process of selecting individuals, and it is argued that the main purpose of development is to promote the true creation of man and to improve the quality of life of individuals. On the other hand, in the last two decades, with the prosperity of urbanization and the desire to travel, rural tourism and residence in the countryside has been accelerated and given the nature of the tourism phenomenon of the second homes as part of the rural tourism industry, the development of socio-cultural changes alongside Economic and environmental changes in rural areas that face many challenges and inequalities such as rural-urban migration, poverty, lack of facilities for a decent living, is inevitable. The purpose of the present research is to find the answer to the question of whether tourism in the second homes has an impact on the sustainability and human development of rural areas. And in the event of impact, has increased and improved which indicators of human development in the villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effective Factors Concerning the management and building of urban accommodation
محمود RAHIMI اصغر NAZARIAN In our country, the issue of accommodation in big cities is turaning in to an unsolvable problem so thet the majority of low-income and working-class people are facing the incleasing crisis of poor housing . Housing problem inIran,especially in big cities,has wor More In our country, the issue of accommodation in big cities is turaning in to an unsolvable problem so thet the majority of low-income and working-class people are facing the incleasing crisis of poor housing . Housing problem inIran,especially in big cities,has worsened due to rise of population on one hand, and tendency towards urban life on the other hand, since 1350 (1971) . This has happened because in recent decades preparing accommodation, both in quantity and quality, has been provided less than necessary . In this essay, we will discuss and evaluate the proposed solutions by the government concerning offering subsidies to the low-income citizens. Meanwhile, we review investment policies in accommodation, and factors affecting property value. Finally, wewill analyse the role of strategic management concerning building and allocating urban accommodation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Alluvial fans morphometric of Mighan Basin (Arak)
محمود AlaeeAlluvial fans are one of the most important geomorphic features in arid and semi-aridregions. In Mighan basin, because of it’s semi- arid conditions. The Alluvial fans canbe seen everywhere. The city of Arak is located on an alluvial fan that its Radial is 13kilom MoreAlluvial fans are one of the most important geomorphic features in arid and semi-aridregions. In Mighan basin, because of it’s semi- arid conditions. The Alluvial fans canbe seen everywhere. The city of Arak is located on an alluvial fan that its Radial is 13kilometers long. In regarding, there are other large alluvial fans in the Mighan basinthat are the location of a few villages and farms. In contrast, in south western of Arak,there are many alluvial fans that didn’t provide and positive environmental condition.This condition depends on stability of alluvial fans. For understanding these aspects ofalluvial fans, one should study their peculier morphometric characteristics. In suchstudies, situation of shape, area and slope of alluvial fans, usually is analyzed withgeomorphology of their drainage basins. In this paper, results of the study betweenarea and slope of 24 alluvial fans with their drainage basins have been shown bymathematical models and regression figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Analysis of gullies morphometery in Salavat Abad-Bijar area, Kordestan province
REza Esmaili Ronak ShokatiOne of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous dam MoreOne of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous damage to theeconomy. In this research the gullies of region Salavat Abad-Bijar was studied. Dimension ofgullies was studied by using field surveys.The parameters of width, depth, the ratio of width todepth, the channel angel and the parameters of gully shape obtained the cross-sections wereestimated. Then these data was clustered by SPSS software and analyzed by the effectiveness ofeach variable in clusters by variance analysis and used mann-whitney U for assessing differenceof each variable with litology. Among of parameters, slope and depth of gullyhave a significantdifference with litology. According to this clustering the gullies is divided into three clusters.The results of test show homogeneity that among the different factors, only slope has beeneffective in the gullies of region and the reminded parameters has not been effectiveness as thedirect factor on gullies, therefore we concludes in the region studied, the morphometric indexescannot interfere in clustering as an effective factor. Also, it was surveyed the difference amongthe numbers of gullies in this span under study along with the factors of the amplitude shape,land use, the sensitive level to gullies, slope and the direction of amplitude by using KruskalwallisH test.The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference among thenumber of gullies with the mentioned factors in the meaningful level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effectiveness of Sensory Perception of Place in the Association of Meaning in Reducing the Stress of Home Quarantine of Students
sadegh jahanbakhsh mohammad rashtian naser Hasanpour Kazeruni Seyed Hamid AtashpourIntroduction and purpose of the research: Today, in the conditions of the implementation of home quarantine caused by crises such as the outbreak of diseases, classes are held in absentia; This process has many consequences for them, and mental disorders are one of them MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research: Today, in the conditions of the implementation of home quarantine caused by crises such as the outbreak of diseases, classes are held in absentia; This process has many consequences for them, and mental disorders are one of them.The present research will move forward after investigating the causes of stress caused by long-term home quarantine with the aim of explaining the behaviors, attitudes and prominent processes of associating meaning in order to reduce the stress of students in their residential environment and identifying the relationship between the prominent components of associating meaning in the residential environment of quarantined people. be Research method: The current qualitative (exploratory) study was conducted with a descriptive phenomenology (Collaizi) approach.In this method, information is available from reliable sources and semi-structured interviews with students in Isfahan city are conducted based on purposeful sampling.In order to analyze the findings, the data have been categorized and described using the Claysey analysis method using Atlas TI software.According to the evaluation of the results using the Claizian method, by revisiting each of the participants in a dialogue-oriented process with them about the findings, the final validation of the findings has been done. Findings: The findings show that based on the components of the association of meaning in the place and considering the effect of the sensory perception of the students in home quarantine, it is possible to improve the communication of the students with the home environment by improving the components of the sensory perception in the space;In fact, a person in home quarantine, by controlling body movements through creating a multi-layered and complex environment, will spend the long time of home quarantine better and will have less mental fatigue for him. Conclusion: The student will have a better understanding of his environment by creating correlation in his senses, which improves the semantic connection between the space and the user, and as a result, individual stress is reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effects of Environmental Psychology on the Design of a Care Center for Homeless Children in Order to Mitigate Urban Harm
Dorsa Faghihi Vahedane FooladiIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology me MoreIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology method in the design of a care facility for orphaned children. The main goal is to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban environments on these children and address the consequences of inadequate care.Method: This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to determine the mental and psychological features of children, with a specific focus on the extent to which environmental psychology influences the level of harm in urban areas. It also features a library method to investigate the literature related to its structure based on written documentation.Results: This study involved the identification of an appropriate environment with specific physical measures based on relevant literature, scholarly publications, and expert opinions.Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that implementing an environmental psychology approach in designing care centers for orphaned children can contribute to mitigating urban harm and promoting the overall growth and development of these children. The findings suggest that incorporating diverse, visually appealing graphic designs within the care center environment not only improves its aesthetic appeal and triggers positive emotions in children but also contributes to the enhancement of their mental and spiritual well-being. Consequently, the establishment of open areas inside the premises of a care center could serve as a catalyst for promoting outdoor engagement among children, enhancing their physical activity levels. Furthermore, the establishment of appropriate physical environments that facilitate teamwork and persistent engagement can effectively enhance children's sense of solidarity and social connectedness. Eventually, the implementation of an environmental psychology approach in the design of a care center has the potential to improve the psychological and emotional well-being of the children as well as enhance their physical health and vitality. Additionally, this method may encourage a sense of solidarity and social connectedness among the children while also minimizing the adverse impacts of urbanization on society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Histology and histomorphometric study of selected immune organs in twenty day-old Chukar Partridge
Hamedi, S., Zandi, A.S. .Considering the important role of lymphatic tissues in Bids' health and the scarce knowledge about histological features of partridge as an industrial species in Iran, the present study investigates histological parameters of lymphatic organs of partridge. Thirty 20-day MoreConsidering the important role of lymphatic tissues in Bids' health and the scarce knowledge about histological features of partridge as an industrial species in Iran, the present study investigates histological parameters of lymphatic organs of partridge. Thirty 20-days-old male partridges that were reared under similar conditions were used. Data were presented as Mean±SD. Samples from Thymus, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, cecal tonsils and pylorus tonsils were collected. After fixation and routine histological laboratory methods, 6μm-thick transverse sections were made. The sections were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope, also histomorphometric parameters were measured by a linear graticule. Cecal tonsil had a structure consisting of follicular units with a fossula within each follicular unit. The average height of the follicular unit was 1.14±0.11mm, the follicular unit width was 0.31±0.06mm. The bursa of Fabricius was consisting of long thick mucosal folds (plicae). Plicae height was 2.99±0.30mm, the follicular width was 0.49±0.02mm. Thymus has incompletely separated lobules that diameters of the lobules was 0.60±0.07mm. The red pulp of spleen was in the middle of the white pulp. The white pulp thickness was 0.20±0.00mm. The pyloric tonsil has sub mucosal follicles with 0.24 ± 0.44 mm width. Conclusion: In conclusion the present study shows that lymphatic organs of partridges have similarity with that of chickens although with regard to histomorphometric data the lymphatic structures are more extensive in partridges which may describe relatively high immunologic competency in this species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Histomorphological study of large intestine development at different ages of african ostrich chickens (struthio camelus)
A. علائی نوین , B. Rasouli محمد AbediThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of MoreThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in birds by evaluating the histomorphology of the cecum and colon at different ages. For this purpose, 36 ostrich chicks were selected in 6 age groups. These samples were selected from slaughterhouses around Tehran at the ages of one and fifteen days and one, three, six, and twelve months. In this study, it was found the epithelium of the cecum is pseudostratified and simple columnar, and the number of goblet cells increases with the age of the chickens. The muscularis mucosa at the base of the cecum was indistinct and thin, but clear at the apex of the cecum and colon. The thickness of the muscular layer increased with age the Auerbach plexus were mostly seen between the fibers of the longitudinal layer of the muscular layer. The lymphatic tissue was also observed in follicular shape in the lamina propria of the cecum from the age of six months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in general, in terms of histomorphological features, the development of the large intestine in ostrich chickens is very similar to other birds, especially the Struthioniformes. However, the differences can be found in the condition of the muscularis mucosa and the distribution and timing of lymphatic tissue formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Estimation and survey of parks and green spaces per capita in Khomein city using remote sensing and satellite imagery
Mahshad Baghery Amir Ansari Azadeh Kazemi Mahmoud Bayat Sahar Heidari Masteali Fatemeh AhmadlooBackground and Objective: Urban green space has a very important role in the sustainability of the city. Green space per capita is one of the main factors to planning and management of a city. In this study, green space per capita estimation of Khomein city was investig MoreBackground and Objective: Urban green space has a very important role in the sustainability of the city. Green space per capita is one of the main factors to planning and management of a city. In this study, green space per capita estimation of Khomein city was investigated. Material and Methodology: Satellite imagery was used to measure green space and parks per capita. For this purpose, using Sentinel-2 imagery, land use map was developed in four classes including: Bare lands, habitat, urban parks and farmlands. The urban park layer was extracted and combined to the four district of Khomein city layer. Then, the green space per capita of each area was calculated. Findings: Green space per capita survey using remote sensing approach shows a severe shortage of urban green space in this city, especially zone 3 in the southeast of the city with 1.66 m2 per capita, meanwhile, this zone had the lowest value among all zones. In this city, green space has an inappropriate distribution and the highest green space per capita value was 3.43 in zone 1. Zones 2 and 4 had an average of 3.22 and 3.27 m2, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that the green space per capita of the city is very low compared to the standards and requires special attention of decision makers to increase and expand the green space in the city. So in the near future, a comprehensive analysis of the green space and the reasons for this shortage should be addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Assessment of Mercury Concentrations in Liver and Hair tissues of Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in Central Mazandaran Province Coastline
Hassan Malvandi Abbas Esmaili-Saria Seyed Mahmoud GhasempouriaIntroduction: The goal of this study was determination of concentration of mercury in hairand liver tissues of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), and to determine the relation betweenthe mercury concentration in liver and hair and body weight and length, and sex. These d MoreIntroduction: The goal of this study was determination of concentration of mercury in hairand liver tissues of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), and to determine the relation betweenthe mercury concentration in liver and hair and body weight and length, and sex. These datawere then used to evaluate the suitability of using hair as a noninvasive technique for determiningbody burdens of mercury.Materials and Methods: Liver and hair samples from golden jackal were collected from Noorin the central coastline Mazandaran province. The samples of this study were taken fromroad-killed. The mercury was measured by the LECO AMA 254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer (USA)according to ASTM, standard No. D-6722.Result and Discussion: There wasn’t any significant difference neither between sexes nor in tissues.On the contrary, positive and significant differences (p>0.05) were found between mercury level inhair with weight and length of body. Mercury level was generally low; they do not reach levels thatare known to cause potential adverse effects in animals. It's probably to be a first study for goldenjackal for this purpose, and also this probe suggested easy and non-invasive sampling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Strategies for adapting the residential spaces to the specific conditions of The Coronavirus pandemic
Zinat Aminifar Fereshteh Ehsani Hamidreza Azemati Seyed Jamaleddin MahdinejadBackground and Objective: Home quarantine has been assumed as the best infliction-preventing solution and a way to control the spread of the virus in society. Nonphysical presence in workplaces, universities, schools, clubs, and similar spaces has broadened the resident MoreBackground and Objective: Home quarantine has been assumed as the best infliction-preventing solution and a way to control the spread of the virus in society. Nonphysical presence in workplaces, universities, schools, clubs, and similar spaces has broadened the residential functionality of the houses, and they have become cities on a small scale. In between, the houses’ weak response to specific needs during the Coronavirus pandemic can be very problematic. The present study aims to recognize the households’ expectations of the house and offer solutions to improve residential spaces during home quarantine.Material and Methodology: The pathological study and the need assessment of the current houses have been carried out based on a survey study on 832 individuals by an online questionnaire.Findings: The obtained data confirm the lifestyle changes in home quarantine. Watching movies, solitudes, reading books, and housekeeping have been frequent daily activities. During this time, residents have used the yard, roof, and green spaces in residential complexes more often compared to other communal areas.Discussion and Conclusion: This research has identified the desirable and undesirable house features and the preferences of residents regarding housing in quarantine and then presented architectural solutions in the form of simple and quick measures to adapt the current housing to meet the needs of residents during home quarantine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the Role of Covid-1 Disease in the Emergence of Green Architecture in the Future of Homes Research Based on Causal Layer Analysis (CLA)
Roshanak Nabeghvatan Azita Belali oskui Mohammadali Keynejad Farbod DibaBackground and Aim: With the outbreak of Covid-19 disease and home quarantine, people's lifestyles, which are directly related to home planning, underwent far-reaching changes. Humans have to spend a lot of time at home and have to do all their daily activities from hom MoreBackground and Aim: With the outbreak of Covid-19 disease and home quarantine, people's lifestyles, which are directly related to home planning, underwent far-reaching changes. Humans have to spend a lot of time at home and have to do all their daily activities from home, so with a change in lifestyle, there is a need to change the body and concept of the home, and being prepared to face this change requires recognizing alternative futures for the home. Methods: Using the method of causal layer analysis and deepening in its layers and reciprocating process, and using semi-structured interviews with experts, we identify alternative metaphors and discourses on the subject. Results: Alternative metaphors for the future of the home due to the prevalence of Covid-19 disease include seven items, of which the green house is the most important. Alternative discourses that support alternative metaphors also include naturalism, technological determinism, existentialism, and cultural revision. Discussion and Conclusion: Staying away from nature, means staying away from the original life and as a result creating depression that causes various mental illnesses. Green house will create health and security for the residents and as a result will provide more welfare and comfort. Also, the green house with its special architecture, is able to save energy and conserve more of some house resources. Due to the psychological and economic consequences of home quarantine due to the outbreak of Covid-19 disease, one of the most important elements for the future home is to pay attention to green space, plants, landscape and sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - A Review of Aging Theories and its Reflection in the Landscape Architectural Features of Nursing Homes
Ali Sharghi Abdolhamid Ghanbaran Farzaneh Salehi KousalariAbstract Human as a part of nature, has a beginning, a peak and finally a decline. Considering the increase in the elderly population and the phenomenon of population aging, it seems necessary to know the qualitative strategies for improving the lives of the large group MoreAbstract Human as a part of nature, has a beginning, a peak and finally a decline. Considering the increase in the elderly population and the phenomenon of population aging, it seems necessary to know the qualitative strategies for improving the lives of the large group of the elderly. One of the solutions to improve the elderly’s life quality is to take advantage of the appropriate natural landscape in their living space. While recognizing the common theories of aging and summarizing these theories, the present study tries to identify the needs of the elderly and provide a perspective with characteristics appropriate to their physical, psychological and social needs. In the present study, the methods of library studies and documents were used to collect the information and based on popular theories of old age such as theories based on the attitude focused on the elderly, the dominance of society over the behavior of the elderly, the interactive attitude of the elderly and society and the attitude of honoring the elderly. The community tried to select a suitable action plan for landscaping nursing homes based on a more comprehensive theory. The results of the study indicated the application of the attitude of respecting the elderly in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Also, the option of applied-visual landscaping with features such as emotional (emotional stimulus, absence of stressors, user comfort), functional (user opinion, ease of movement, user needs, perception, creating a sense of self-awareness) for landscaping in nursing homes appropriate to their needs and values were presented in the respectful attitude of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigation and analysis of the semantic component of homeland and love in poems Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran
sakine saremi geraviThe change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memori MoreThe change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memories of childhood and youth, loss of values, migration, and the mythological past. Many poets and writers have displayed different forms of this strange feeling; Among these Persian and Arabic poets, Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran can be mentioned. The hypothesis of this research is that although these two poets have a common point of view and opinion, they have not been influenced by each other, and this research is based on the American school. In this research, relying on the analytical-descriptive and library method, we are going to examine the way of expressing the feelings and emotions of Golchin Gilani's nostalgia and Gibran Khalil Gibran.The change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memories of childhood and youth, loss of values, migration, and the mythological past. Many poets and writers have displayed different forms of this strange feeling; Among these Persian and Arabic poets, Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran can be mentioned. The hypothesis of this research is that although these two poets have a common point of view a. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A comparative Study on Nostalgia in Sepehri and Bayati's poetries
Ahmad Reza yalameha Moslem RajabiAbd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Sohrab Sepehri – as two famous Arabic and Persian poets – are known as the pioneers of romanticism school according to their personal and social conditions; they ignored the time and combined most part of their poetries with sadne MoreAbd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Sohrab Sepehri – as two famous Arabic and Persian poets – are known as the pioneers of romanticism school according to their personal and social conditions; they ignored the time and combined most part of their poetries with sadness, sigh and missing the past. The present paper studies the abovementioned poets' poetries in descriptive – analytical method and compares their thoughts in their poetries. The results show that both poets have commonalities in nostalgia, homesickness, beloved and social issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Comparative Study of Features and Emergence Roots of Epic and Novel from Lukács's View Point
Pejman Dadkhah Hassan Bolkhari Qahi Majid SarsangiLukács – contemporary philosopher, theorist and literary critic – has studied various literary forms in his works and expressed their features and mechanism; that's why Lukác is known as the philosopher and theorist of literary forms. Epic and MoreLukács – contemporary philosopher, theorist and literary critic – has studied various literary forms in his works and expressed their features and mechanism; that's why Lukác is known as the philosopher and theorist of literary forms. Epic and novel are two forms which are studied and surveyed by him which are discussed about in his works and expressed their characteristics and forming bases. One of the main concepts in his view point is the relationship between social structures and literary ones and based on his viewpoint any society creates its own literary form. Lukác knows the epic as the literary form of ancient era and the novel for the contemporary and states their features and differences ipso facto. Hence the emphasis of the present article is Lukác's ideas and viewpoints about epic and novel, comparative study and studying commonalities and differences of the mentioned forms. The applied method is descriptive – analytical and the data has been gathered by librarian method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ODYSSEY AND ROSTAM AND SOHRAB
Mohsen Zolfaghari Koorosh PavizThe two great epics of the world namely Iliad and Odyssey by Homer and Shahnameh by Ferdowsi have much similarities and differences. The present article studies the characters and character developments on these works of art. The first section reviews the MoreThe two great epics of the world namely Iliad and Odyssey by Homer and Shahnameh by Ferdowsi have much similarities and differences. The present article studies the characters and character developments on these works of art. The first section reviews the social behaviors of the heroes. The second part reviews the impact of God from Greek Myths on Iliad and Odyssey and the God in Shahname. The third part reviews the important and key role of women in the Greek epic and on the other side their passive role in Shahnameh. The fourth part of the article reviews thechildren’s characters and finally the last part studies the roles minsters play in the sequence of events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Iraq’s Aggression against Iran and Kuwait and its Reflection in the Poetry of the Two Countries
Seyed Ebrahim ArmanThe two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of MoreThe two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of the country and finally the greatest war of the contemporary era after 2nd world War, which is called Persian Gulf 2nd War. The bitter events and anti-human-istic crimes of the former Iraqi regime against these two neighbor coun-tries are innumerable. The present study is to probe into the common subject matters of the poetry of the two countries, from a critical and analytical viewpoint and via conducting a comparative analysis of the resistance poetry, which appeared during and after war in the contem-porary literature of Iran and Kuwait. It is hoped that the present study paves the way for comparative investigation of other common fields of the contemporary literature of Iran and Persian Gulf countries, which have a great history of cultural and economic cooperation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparative criticism on color element in Homer odyssey & Ferdowsi's Shahname
Afsaneh Seraji Seyed Ahmad Hosseni Kazeruni seyed jafar hamidi Ali Pouladi RishehriComparative literature discusses the general links between world literature & expresses original elements of each nation by penetrating the different aspects of literature in order to find out foreign elements importance and every nation's literature characteristics MoreComparative literature discusses the general links between world literature & expresses original elements of each nation by penetrating the different aspects of literature in order to find out foreign elements importance and every nation's literature characteristics. Colors in form of comparative, have not been analyzed and compared in Homer and Shahname. Accordingly, the present paper surveys the different applied colors in two mentioned epics in comparative method to obtain cognition and the importance of color in two different cultures in order to identify the application share of this fundamental element (color) in two different time and era. Manuscript profile -
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54 - The Status of “Woman” and “Love” in Dade QorQod and Iliad and Odyssey
Mohammadreza Barzegar Khaleghi Roghayeh Naisari TabriziRegardless of the Firdausi Epopee, the Book Deda GorGud and Iliad and Odyssey Homer, are among the most beautiful and greatest epic works of world nations. There is some similarity and parallelism in these works and one of the important causes of this hom MoreRegardless of the Firdausi Epopee, the Book Deda GorGud and Iliad and Odyssey Homer, are among the most beautiful and greatest epic works of world nations. There is some similarity and parallelism in these works and one of the important causes of this homology, is the mixing of mythology of the various nations and their interactions.The homology of these works made us study the position of women and to compare it in these works with another reflection on the attitude of saga creators. This paper reviews the status of women in both epic and express parallelism and dissonance, the subject of love in these works are also discussed. Manuscript profile -
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55 - Comparative Study on Anti – Colonialism in Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini and Bahar’s Poetries
Reza Mousa Abadi Mahdi Norouz Batoul Fakhr IslamColonialism is one of the phenomena which most orient countries and nations have always been faced with; thus attentive and capable human especially artists and literary men had fought colonization and colonialists by the weapon of poetry. Since colonization maneuvers a MoreColonialism is one of the phenomena which most orient countries and nations have always been faced with; thus attentive and capable human especially artists and literary men had fought colonization and colonialists by the weapon of poetry. Since colonization maneuvers are various, thus the fighting methods should be different, diverse and appropriate. The present article studies anti – colonialism phenomenon based on literary school of East Europe and surveys Maleko-Sho'arā Bahār and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini’s viewpoint about anti – colonialism in their poetries comparatively with the librarian method. The researches of the article show both poets versed about anti – colonialism in various ways and offered similar maneuvers to fight it which the most important ones are informing people, inviting them to unity and integration, contemning by satire and motivating people to returning to Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Manifestation of Fighting against Injustice In some Contemporary Authors
Nayyereh MohammadiAt the beginning of fourteenth century (1300 afterward) and the consequences of Mashrouteh era and the "modernization or structure" process are part of the potentials of traditional taboos breaking. In that era the authors – specially the playwrights – start MoreAt the beginning of fourteenth century (1300 afterward) and the consequences of Mashrouteh era and the "modernization or structure" process are part of the potentials of traditional taboos breaking. In that era the authors – specially the playwrights – started to write their stories in modern Western method. If the roots of Iran's culture are paid attention, the happiness and gladness are known as its fundamental basics. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Analysis of Social Realism in the Poetry of Contemporary Poets; Emphasizing a Few Poets
Leila Gholi Pouri Arash Moshfeghi Naser AlizadehIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Rea MoreIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Realism and hyperrealism are two important elements of the poetry of contemporary poets. And documenting in general, recording, interpreting and narrating the personal experiences of the individual and transforming and referring it to various social, political, economic aspects is a context of language that has been full of initiative and experience. Realism is a literary school that became popular in Europe and the United States between 1880 and 1850. The most important feature of realist works is that it presents man as a social being and seeks the root of all his good and bad behaviors in society. The school of realism is one of the schools that depict the problems of the individual and society like a mirror and the author does not include his personal opinions in it. Most contemporary poets, as writers of realism, have been able to express and depict the poverty and problems of the people and their struggle to continue poetry. Manuscript profile -
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58 - The Comparison of Woman Place in Samnameh and Iliad
seyyed mohsen sajedi rad keyhan kohandelAbstract Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose li MoreAbstract Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose literature considered woman pessimistically with the effect of current atmosphere. Khajouy-e-kermani, the famous poet of the eighth century and Homer who was the beginner of the west epic poem talked about woman in their poems, sometimes both of them reproached her and sometimes praised her. Although the comparison of woman's personality in Iliad and Samnameh faces some difficulties due to the differences among cultures, these two valuable works have considered woman lower than man and these two poets unkindly behaved other woman except Helen. This article has investigated the place of woman in Iliad and Samnameh and discusses the differences and common points between these two poets by reasoning. Manuscript profile -
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59 - A comparative look on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
Mehdi Momtahen Rouhollah MozaffariFerdowsi is one of the most famous epic poets of the world and is one of the luminaries of the Persian literature. The present article has a comparative look at this great poet’s eternal work and Homer’s epic who was a blind Greek poet. By a profou MoreFerdowsi is one of the most famous epic poets of the world and is one of the luminaries of the Persian literature. The present article has a comparative look at this great poet’s eternal work and Homer’s epic who was a blind Greek poet. By a profound look at both works similarities and differences can be noticed which is the main subject of the present article. It is also attempted to make these similarities and differences of these two epic works apparent. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Comparative Study on Nostalgia Approach in Akhavan and Nazik al-Malaika's poetries
Monir Zibaei"Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Sal More"Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Saless's poetries. Positions, life and society situations, thoughts and emotions and being familiar with many other poets caused strong nostalgia sense excitation. This article intends to study nostalgia manifestation in abovementioned poets' works in analytical – descriptive method. The results show that yearning on childhood, historical and mythical past, homesickness, death and being far away from utopia are of the most frequency in their poetries. Manuscript profile -
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61 - The comparative study in Nostalogic poems of nima & jibran
Mahdi Momtahen Hassan Majidi Sakineh SaremiAbstract Nostalgia or « sad exile" in terms of psychology, envy, and blue is a man of his past. It felt as manifestations of the unconscious in human behavior will emerge. Poverty, migration, away from home and ... In making this feel is effective. Many poets and MoreAbstract Nostalgia or « sad exile" in terms of psychology, envy, and blue is a man of his past. It felt as manifestations of the unconscious in human behavior will emerge. Poverty, migration, away from home and ... In making this feel is effective. Many poets and writers, as many of these feelings are displayed, including the poet Gibran Khalil Gibran and be named Nima Yooshij. Gibran Khalil Gibran (1883 - 1931 AD) was born in Lebanon. One of the most gifted and talented poets of the Romantic school of the principles of freedom of romanticism, naturalism, and historical journey is evident in his poetry, and Nima Yooshij (1274 - 1338 AD. Sh) Yoosh, village Noor was born in Mazandaran. Ability of contemporary poets and Persian literature of the social and political poems he has left have been forced into political exile 3 - both are romantic poet. The comparative study of American schools because no symmetry between the poet and the historical connection between them that is, their work is the implementation and evaluation. This paper is a comparative work nostalgic feelings and emotions expressed in how compensation is paid Yooshij Khalil Gibran and Nima. Manuscript profile -
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62 - A Comparative Study of the Common Themes of Women in Ghada Al-Saman and Parvin Etesami's poetries
Saeedeh Mirhaghjoo Langroudi Fatemeh Ali Nejad ChamazaktiGhada Al-Saman is a Syrian contemporary poet that wife, love, discrimination and anti-prejudice are the main themes of most of his poems. He is best known around the world as a writer. Parvin Etesami is an Iranian poet whose poems express love for humanity, freedom, soc MoreGhada Al-Saman is a Syrian contemporary poet that wife, love, discrimination and anti-prejudice are the main themes of most of his poems. He is best known around the world as a writer. Parvin Etesami is an Iranian poet whose poems express love for humanity, freedom, social justice, science, art and love for the deprived and suffering strata of society. This study examines the biographies and poems of two women poets and enumerates the similarities and differences in themes and concludes how two poets in two close periods of time can be so similar and through the lens of emotion of these two women look at the world and the issues in it, and achieve the new and innovative ideas in the adaptation between Persian and Arabic literature. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Exploring Imam Khomeini's Critical Approach to the Question of the Miracle of the Quran
Feizolah Akbari DastakThe question of the miracle of the Qur'an is one of the major issues that has been reflected in the historical and scholarly course of the Qur'anic studies and disputes of the Furijan scholars, with a number of scholars discovering and validating certain aspects of the MoreThe question of the miracle of the Qur'an is one of the major issues that has been reflected in the historical and scholarly course of the Qur'anic studies and disputes of the Furijan scholars, with a number of scholars discovering and validating certain aspects of the Qur'anic miracle and some others mainly. The minor and non-pivotal aspects of the miracles of the revelations have been dealt with, and they have failed to properly focus on their major dimensions until the rhetorical and literary miracle of the Qur'an is among the first, most famous and central domain of the Qur'anic miracle.However, among Islamic thinkers, Imam Khomeini should be regarded as one of the few religious and narrow-minded scholars who, in his studies and works on the miracle , have a specific, realistic, innovative and at the same time attitude. Practically speaking, such beliefs and insights are not seen in the views and writings of any Sunni or Shiite thinker in different periods of Qur'anic commentary. Imam Khomeini, who regards the Qur'an as a book of guidance and humanization,Emphasizing on the necessity of considering all aspects of the Quran's miracles on the one hand and criticizing the beliefs of the prophets of the Quran as miracles of the Quran on the other hand, he emphasized the Qur'anic epistemic and educational miracles. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to explain Imam Khomeini's Quranic thoughts by emphasizing and focusing on the Quran's miraculous problem through a descriptive and analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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64 - The unity of existence in the words of Imam Khomeini and its comparison with Davood Qaisari
Nematollah Behzadi Farajollah Barati Maryam BakhtiarDawood Qaisari is one of the famous mystics of the sixth century who has a great contribution in the development and growth of Ibn Arabi school. This book is undoubtedly one of the most prominent educational texts on theoretical mysticism, which testifies to the author' MoreDawood Qaisari is one of the famous mystics of the sixth century who has a great contribution in the development and growth of Ibn Arabi school. This book is undoubtedly one of the most prominent educational texts on theoretical mysticism, which testifies to the author's mastery in understanding and explaining the topics of Ibn Arabi's thought. The discussion of "unity of existence" is one of the important topics in this work, which is very interesting and has always been discussed by other mystics and thinkers of the Valley of Mysticism; For example, in the present era, Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic, who, although entering the world of politics, does not hide his devotion and interest in Ibn Arabi's thought and his works, and especially in the discussion of the unity of existence. In the works of Daud Qaisari and Imam Khomeini, both of which are influenced by the teachings of the Ibn Arabi school, we find that they have similar views and opinions on the unity of existence and its bills, which are worthy of attention. Similarities such as: the unity of personal intuition, the first determination, the status of oneness and unity, etc. Although at first Imam Khomeini disagreed in some cases, Manuscript profile -
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65 - The Relationship between Intercession and Divine Justice from Some Contemporary Researchers
Mohsen Ehteshami Nia Maryam MinakhaniIntercession is one of the important subjects in Islam which has been paid attention in Holy Quran and Traditions. Muslims also have accepted the intercession principle and consider it as the basis of Islamic belief. There are many Verses and traditions which are proof MoreIntercession is one of the important subjects in Islam which has been paid attention in Holy Quran and Traditions. Muslims also have accepted the intercession principle and consider it as the basis of Islamic belief. There are many Verses and traditions which are proof of Lord's justice. The present research studies the terms intercession and justice briefly and the relationship between intercession and Lord's justice. Should we be hopeful to intercession beside Lord's justice? The outcome of the study is that not only the intercession does not contravene Lord's justice but also it is obviously the justice and fairness of rights itself. Manuscript profile -
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66 - A Comparative Study of the Homeland Theme in the Poems of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Hafez Ebrahim
Ibrahim Fallah Mohammadreza HajiyanMalek al-Sho'arai Bahar and Hafez Ibrahim are two literates that homeland and patriotism are so obvious in their poems. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to make a comparative study of the patriotic and national poems of these two poets about the homeland, relyin MoreMalek al-Sho'arai Bahar and Hafez Ibrahim are two literates that homeland and patriotism are so obvious in their poems. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to make a comparative study of the patriotic and national poems of these two poets about the homeland, relying on the American school of comparative literature which does not consider the condition of adaptation as just the existence of fields of influence and regret. A comparative study of the poems of these two poets shows that patriotism and love to homeland are prominent manifestations of their ideas. The patriotic approach in his poems is so wide that it has become a stylistic and decisive element in the content and linguistic level of their poetry. The most important common themes that the two poets express about homeland and patriotism are: love and affection for the homeland, nostalgia for the homeland from which they are far away, struggle against colonialism, pride in the history and background of the homeland and effort to restore authority and past honor, condemnation of the rulers who do not pay attention to the affairs of the country. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Comparative Study on Homeland in Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini ’s Poetries
Mahdi Ramshini Fariborz Hossein Janzadeh Sarasti Mohammad Shaygan MehrMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the politi MoreMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the political, social, and literary atmosphere of their countries are very similar. They consider literature as a means of enlightening society and apply it for this very purpose, and used poetry, music, and aesthetic elements to convey their message to their audiences. They both love their compatriots and have awareness, awakening, and responsibility. Each has his own worldview and thoughts, and the secret of their penetrating words is recognizing the literary taste of their compatriots and expressing the issues and problems of the masses. The two are constantly pursuing their ideal community; a society that is free from oppression and discrimination and encourages everyone to achieve it, and does not tolerate oppression and discrimination against human beings, and acts to eradicate it with their thoughts and pens. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Patriotism and women in the Palestinian Struggle in the poetry of Abu Salma
shahreyar hemmati behnam bagheri hadi jahedعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة Moreعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة فی المرأة ونقف موقف توصیفاته فی کل حرف من الحروف الدالة علی الأنوثة بعاطفة مشبعة صادقة، ونعالج التداخل المتجاوب بین الحب والوطنیة فی خطابه الشعری. کل تلک الأوصاف یندمج ضمن الإطار الرومانتیکی وهو هائم مع الأحلام یتغزل، بید أنه کان یعیش فی فلسطین وتأثّر من حوادث النکبة وبعد النکبة الفلسطینیّة، تأخذ أشعاره أبعاداً جدیدة ویمتزج حبه للمرأة بحب الوطن فی مجال النضال، فنجد فی شعره مزیجاً من العاطفة والکفاح الوطنی الفلسطینی ولهذا تصبح المرأة فی رویته رفیقة کفاح ونضال. وقد تبین من خلال الدراسة أنّ الشاعر یمزج فی نفسه عشق الحبیبة والوطن فی آن واحد، ویجعل المرأة معادلاً موضوعیاً للوطن. فأخذت المرأة عند أبی سلمی، عمقاً إیحائیاً مؤثراً بما تتضمن تجسید العلاقة الثنائیة بینها وبین الوطن، فتبدو العلاقة نوعاً من حالات العشق تتوحد خلالها الذات بالوطن. Manuscript profile -
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69 - The signs of calling for awakening and progress in the poetry of Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
javad ranjbar karim barinLove for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fa MoreLove for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fact, his poetry calls for the awakening and progress of the country. In this way, he takes advantage of issues such as the fight against colonialism and aliens, as well as honoring the status of science, art, and civilization. He sarcastically refers to the progress of the West to the people of his homeland. He pays attention to the issues of the homeland and loves his country and portrays his regret for the backwardness of his homeland in the form of abstract and metaphorical images. He complains that why his compatriots neglect their homeland while he himself sacrifices his life for his country. The present study aims to state al-Zahawi’s attention to the issue of homeland and its progress with a descriptive-analytical and library method. The results show that the poet focuses on the elements of national awakening and progress, including honoring the status of science and knowledge, resistance, anti-colonialism and patriotism. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Grief's Romantic Song: Various Motivations and Interpretations (Samples from Arab Poets)
Mohammad Hassan Omraei Gholam Abbas RezaeiArabic literature has always been full of emotional and sorrowful songs but it has been developed and some poets could accompany their poetries with sorrow. Thus the reflection of grief and sadness is obvious in their works; sadness feeling is known as a remarkable char MoreArabic literature has always been full of emotional and sorrowful songs but it has been developed and some poets could accompany their poetries with sorrow. Thus the reflection of grief and sadness is obvious in their works; sadness feeling is known as a remarkable characteristic of their works. The present paper initially studies grief's romantic song in Nazik al-Malaika, Salah Abdel Sabour, Ahmed Abdel Muti Hijazi and Badr Shakir al Sayyab's poetries as samples; and then the effective elements in emotions forming and growth are surveyed. Finally it analyzes psychological, social, philosophical and metaphysical approaches and motivations in grief's interpretation. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Marouf Al Rosafi; Overview of his life and literature
Tofigh RajabiMaruf Al Rosafi is one of the four great Iraqi poets. The other three are Al zahavi, Al kazemi and Al shabibi. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1875. He had learned reading- writing and memorizing Quran in traditional Iraqi Schools and then entered the army college. He c MoreMaruf Al Rosafi is one of the four great Iraqi poets. The other three are Al zahavi, Al kazemi and Al shabibi. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1875. He had learned reading- writing and memorizing Quran in traditional Iraqi Schools and then entered the army college. He could not deal with the courses so had started self studies and went to religious schools. His instructor, Alus had motivated him in literature to the extent that later he had started teaching Arabic literature in a ministry in Iraq and could be elected as a candidate in Iraq’s Parliament. He had prose a Divan which was about national issues. He had passed away in 1945. Manuscript profile -
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72 - The Combination of Hometown and Woman's Kindness in Palestinian Combat in Abu Salma's Poetry
Shahriyar Hemmati Behnam Baqeri Hadi JahedAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separati MoreAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separation, reality and dream in general. The present article follows up the aesthetics aspects in women description and studies his descriptions in this regard. All these descriptions and explanations gather in a romantic framework. He wanders in dreams; although lived in Palestine and was affected by the country's events his poetry is lovely with new aspects and his kindness to the hometown combines with his to the woman. A combination of affection and Palestinian combat can be seen in his poetry. The results of the present paper shows the poet expresses the care to beloved and the hometown simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
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73 - A Pause with the Yemeni Present Writer, Abdelaziz AlMaqaleh, and Analysis of his Poetry
Mehdi Momtahen Seyyed Javad Hosseini NanizThe writer and professor Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside Yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and politic MoreThe writer and professor Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside Yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and political writings and has columns in newspapers and magazines in Yemen and other Arab countries. He also sang a verse of poetry in various purposes of the poetry, therefore, we find his divans, poetry collections, dealing with a variety of topics such as: praise and lamentation and the description and asceticism and mysticism, and the play and dram and the patriots and the prose poem and that to the purposes of poetry, we also note the influence of the Koran and the sciences, religion and the environment in which he lives on his poems where he used the allusion and the quotation best. On the other hand, the poet, Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh, was an epic self who worked hard in the passing of his poetry from lyrics to metaphysical poetry, a patriot who chooses a national patriotism by hiding the direct superficial meaning of this love and improving it, and from historic event to the deep dream through nostalgia for the past and its resurrection and he regarded it as a lost paradise like his lost childhood. Manuscript profile -
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74 - A Study of the Artistic and Social Aspects of the homeland in Bahreini Contemporary Poetry
Samad MomeniThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have mad MoreThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have made its intellectual aspect the basis of their experiment, so, we see their interest in the home and its humanitarian issues deeper and more and they put their main interest in women and the nature, and especially made it in the service of the homeland and human; And most of their Poets got active in the field of social, religious, political, and ethical reform and worked in education, we name among them Abdollah Zayed, the owner of first newspaper in Bahrain, and Abdorrahman Moaawedah, and Ghasem Ashsharghawi, and Sayyed Razdi Almoosawi, and Molla Atdyyah Aljamry, and Mobarak Khatder, ans Alshshaykh Mansoor Ashshahabi and many other ones, and it should be noted that we count the features of their poetry experiences, including: Declamatory Style, Facts Follow-up, Quick occasions and their educational and ethical aim. This article aims to a study of the artistic and social aspects of the homeland in the poetry of the poets whom we have named above. Manuscript profile -
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75 - A study on Nostalgia and its Aspects in Mahmoud Darvish's Poetries
Ahmad Reza Yalameha Moslem RajabiThe term nostalgia – or homesickness – is one of the psychology expressions which entered the literature. Motherland is the subject that has been selected as the main theme by Mahmoud Darvish and made him famous. His poets are about homesickness, childhood s MoreThe term nostalgia – or homesickness – is one of the psychology expressions which entered the literature. Motherland is the subject that has been selected as the main theme by Mahmoud Darvish and made him famous. His poets are about homesickness, childhood sweet period, being far away from friends and relatives as well as social and economic disorders. The present paper attempts to study Darvish's poetries in descriptive – analytical method in order to introduce the concept of nostalgia and its references in his poetries. Manuscript profile -
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76 - Manifestation of Iranian & Egyptian Hometown and their Issues in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmad Moharram's Poetries
Mousa Arabi Kowsar Taqvaei Far Seyyed Fazlollah MirghaderiThe present paper studies parts of commitment poetry in Iran and Egypt in constitutional era and tries to unwrap the role of that era's poets who attempted to express their countries situation and events. Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmad Moharram were two of those poets MoreThe present paper studies parts of commitment poetry in Iran and Egypt in constitutional era and tries to unwrap the role of that era's poets who attempted to express their countries situation and events. Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmad Moharram were two of those poets. The most important issues were the cases related to the country and hometown in Arabic and Persian poetries. This article – which has been done in descriptive method – embarks to analyze hometown concepts emphasizing American school approach by expressing common points of both poets. Manuscript profile -
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77 - The Relationship between Jurisprudence and Mysticism in Imam Khomeini's Thought
Mohammad Javad Rudgar Qasem Ebrahimipoor Abuozar kazemian surakiThe human soul is compatible with spirituality, and the tendency to mystical debates is very evident in today's society. Imam Khomeini considers the divine laws to have an appearance and an interior that can be achieved from the appearance of the Shari'a to the interior MoreThe human soul is compatible with spirituality, and the tendency to mystical debates is very evident in today's society. Imam Khomeini considers the divine laws to have an appearance and an interior that can be achieved from the appearance of the Shari'a to the interior, which is the truth, due to the longitudinal relationship between them, and they consider the abandonment of the appearance of the Shari'a as the tricks of Satan. He considers theobservance of the jurisprudential orders to be obligatory in all stages of conduct and even after reaching the truth, and does not accept a change in the quality of acting according to the rules and regulations of the Shari'a. Imam (ra) during his absence, considering the role of a perfect human being in arresting individuals and religious rulings, considers the position of jurists in determining the duty of imitators to the rulings and in the maximum view, the successors of a perfect human being. Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to analyze and explain the relationship between Shari'a in its specific meaning, that is, jurisprudence and mysticism in Imam Khomeini's thought, through a descriptive analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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78 - A Study of Jurisprudential Viewpoints about the Religious Preference of Prohibiting a Wife from Leaving Home by Her Husband
Razieh Yaghoobi Golverdi Alireza Asgari Farajollāh HedayatniaOne of the famous jurisprudential views on women's departure from home is the religious preferance of prohibiting a wife from leaving home by her husband. With the purpose of delving deep into the above theory, the present research deals with the reasons by which some w MoreOne of the famous jurisprudential views on women's departure from home is the religious preferance of prohibiting a wife from leaving home by her husband. With the purpose of delving deep into the above theory, the present research deals with the reasons by which some well-known jurists demand the preference of ordering women to stay at home and the favorability of putting them in detention. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that drawing inferences about the obligation of staying at home from the cited verses and Rawāyāt is difficult and that the acceptance of this view, especially in the current era, would lead to cases of corruption such as Osr and Haraj (hardship) for women, allocation of majority, and contradiction with the Qur'anic command of "consorting with them in an honorable manner". Due to rational corruption and contradiction with the Qur'anic commands, some traditions which obligate putting women in detention by their husbands should be interpreted by some other aspects rather than obligation. Therefore, the command of putting women in detention at home and prohibiting them from leaving is a guiding issue and rational advice with respect to social conditions in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on colonic mucosa morphometry and diarrhea caused by castor oil in male rats
Mohammad Mohammad Ali Mansouri Lotfollah Khajehpour Maliheh MohammadiObjectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon hi MoreObjectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon histology and severity of diarrhea in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar 200±5 g rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Solvent group (physiological serum), diphenoxylate group (5 mg/kg), and five groups receiving basil hydroalcoholic extract in doses (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg). One hour after taking the drugs, castor oil 2 ml per animal was fed by gavage. The animals were then kept in separate cages for 4 hours and the indicators of excretion number, weight loss percentage, fecal water content and inhibition percentage were recorded. Mice were anesthetized with ether one hour after diarrhea studies and the isolated colon tissue was evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then Tukey test. Level P Results: Diphenoxylate gavage and extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, could improve diarrhea caused by castor oil. Histological studies showed that although there was no significant difference between the different groups, the amount (800 mg / kg) of the extract could increase the thickness of the colon wall to some extent. Conclusion: The results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum has diphenoxylate-like properties in reducing the osmotic symptoms of diarrhea and the volume of water excreted, and in the short term can have little effect on colon wall thickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The scope of authority of the Velayat-e faqih with emphasis on Imam Khomeini's point of view
Ali ajafarzadeh DizabadiRule of Velayat-e-Faqih, in the Occultation Age, is followed by the question that, “does the scope of powers of Velayat-e-Faqih equal scope of powers of the Immaculate (‘a)?” In other words, is he empowered around or bound to absolute sovereignty and p MoreRule of Velayat-e-Faqih, in the Occultation Age, is followed by the question that, “does the scope of powers of Velayat-e-Faqih equal scope of powers of the Immaculate (‘a)?” In other words, is he empowered around or bound to absolute sovereignty and politics? In this respect, there are two ideas posed: some of the Islamic scientists hold that Valiy-e-Faqih has as expanded power as the Immaculate (‘a), but some others say he is limited in sovereignty. In this article, considering jurisprudent approach of salient ulema with an emphasis on jurisprudent idea of Imam Khomeini (ra), it has been proven that powers of Valiy-e Faqih are not only unbound to sovereignty, but also they are extended to securing of interests of Muslims as it is exigent; meaning that the ruling Faqih is authorized to decide and involve in running the country’s affairs. In fact, he has all authorities of government like an expansively empowered leader. Otherwise, Muslim interests, among the duties of the Islamic ruler, are not secured. Therefore, sovereignty of non-Immaculate does not differ from that of the Immaculate in this connection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The role of the new middle class in the political instability of Iran in the second Pahlavi era
saeed jahangiri Abolghassem Taheri Alireza Azghandi Ahmad SaeiThe Islamic Revolution of Iran can be considered one of the most important phenomena of the twentieth century. In the socio-political relations of modern societies, the role of the new middle class in the political, cultural and cultural contributions of the community c MoreThe Islamic Revolution of Iran can be considered one of the most important phenomena of the twentieth century. In the socio-political relations of modern societies, the role of the new middle class in the political, cultural and cultural contributions of the community can be undone. This class is the focus of political and cultural activities within the new urban community, while the new middle class is not, in terms of its intermediate social and economic status, to sustain the unlimited wealth accumulation and accumulation, and because of its position The job of the revolution itself is the main burden of its revolution, its changes and reforms. The Pahlavi regime's attempt to maintain its new patriarchal political system, which practically contradicted the participation of the social classes, and the arrival of most of the world's countries in the area of development and modernization that sparked the collective sense of the new middle class in Iran, brought the regime into conflict with certain problems and, in effect, It was necessary to adopt a dual policy in dealing with social classes and to control and control the social classes. In this regard, the process of modernization that intensified during the Second Pahlavi era, not giving notice to the new middle class in the process of functioning of the Rastakhiz Party in the alien The more this class of government and the new patriarchal structure of power It is opposed to the emergence and empowerment of the new middle class, Manuscript profile -
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82 - Principles of the Qur’anic and Political Ideology of Imam Khomeini
Arash Daneshmehr Reza RamezaniThe purpose of the present article is to research about the principles of Imam Khomeini’s political ideology. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that in his doctrine, every political attempt is divided into Godly and non-Godly. He h MoreThe purpose of the present article is to research about the principles of Imam Khomeini’s political ideology. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that in his doctrine, every political attempt is divided into Godly and non-Godly. He holds that if the attempts of administrators, leaders, social planners and reformers target people’s prudence, spirituality, and convenience, their politics would be recognized as Godly. Therefore, if the leaders adhere to the political traditions of Ahl al-Bayt, their decisions would be for God; otherwise, it would be for evil. Imam Khomeini in some of his speech emphasizes that the main mission of the holy prophets and saints has not been the establishment of a government because they have verily come for the ethical and spiritual treatment and purification of human being. Yet, he acknowledges social administration and political order in human society as a serious and inevitable issue such that he recognizes the Qur’an as a combination of spiritual gnosis and plans for human being as well as a comprehensive book for the governments. He holds that the relation between social verses compared to religious verses in the Qur’an is even more than 10 to 1. Imam Khomeini who considers the Qur’an as the book of law, asserts that the nature of Qur’anic instructions implicitly emphasize the need to government and hence he believes in the necessity of political system and social order for the gnosis growth and spiritual progress of humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - An Analysis of the Leadership Features of Imām Khomeyni from the Perspective of Political Psychology
Maasoud Akhavan Kazemi Omid Shokraneh ArzanaghiThe purpose of the present study is to review the components of Imām Khomeyni's leadership and behavior from the view of theorists in the field of political psychology and political science. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic method, it was attempted to exp MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the components of Imām Khomeyni's leadership and behavior from the view of theorists in the field of political psychology and political science. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic method, it was attempted to explain the essence, character, and political behavior of his leadership and the cause of his deep impact on the social, cultural, and political transformations. The comparative review of the two theories by Alfred Adler and Max Weber and leadership characteristics of Imām Khomeyni revealed that some of appropriate strategies in his political behavior include commitment, justice, self-purification, avoidance of hypocrisy, life style, creativity, decisiveness, and so on. Contrary to charismatic leaders and Max Weber's theory, he paid attention to the consolidating role of people and regarded the source of legitimacy to be divine not personal. He was immensely against gathering fanatic followers for himself as well as mass and passive outlook on people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Political Role of “Refq” (Tolerance) and “Khorq” (Ignorance) in the Political Idea of Imam Khomeyni
Rashid Rekabian Homayoun Rahabaran Hassan Reza AryairadThe purpose of the present study is to review the political role of “refq” (tolerance) and “khorq” (ignorance) in the political idea of Imam Khomeyni. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the model under discussion is presented based o MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the political role of “refq” (tolerance) and “khorq” (ignorance) in the political idea of Imam Khomeyni. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the model under discussion is presented based on the theory of two natures and with an emphasis on the theoretical framework of the four causes. The research relies on the hypothesis that since “refq” is related to makhmourah nature and is considered as one of the soldiers of reason and belongs to the transcendental philosophical school; and “khorq” is related to Mahjoubah nature and is considered as one the soldiers of ignorance and belongs to the mundane philosophical school, they can lead to the formation of an either transcendental legitimizing or mundane society. The results showed that based on the viewpoint of Imam Khomeyni, the actualization of moral politics refers to opening of hearts and that the governments and societies need to actualize tolerance and avoid violence. Therefore, such governments consider power as a means to serve the society and make it achieve prosperity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Role of the State Leader in Applying Public Diplomacy Relational Methods in the Country
Mohammad Sotoudeh Mohammad Ali SadeghzadehThe purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that MoreThe purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with regard to his role in the political-legal structure of the country, having religious authority in the Shi’ite world, and the existing potentials in the discourse literature of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the state leader by applying soft power and relational methods through gatherings, meetings, approaches, mass media, relevant institutions, cultural and educational organizations, and sending messages and letters to the audience, has an effective role in right detection and enemy recognition, revival of the Islamic ideology, spiritual propagation of the revolution, enforcement of smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preparation of resistance culture, and challenging the unjust nature of the international order in various aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Relationship of the absolute rule of the Faqih with the role of time and place in ijtihad
afsaneh torkashvand Mahmood Ghayoom zadeh Abbas Ali HeidariThe purpose of the present study was to explain the relationship between the jurisprudence of the jurisprudent and the role of time and place in ijtihad and present a new theoretical study on the use of jurisprudence's jurisprudence to facilitate community affairs. In t MoreThe purpose of the present study was to explain the relationship between the jurisprudence of the jurisprudent and the role of time and place in ijtihad and present a new theoretical study on the use of jurisprudence's jurisprudence to facilitate community affairs. In this regard, the role of time and place in ijtihad, rulings, emergence of new subjects, discovery of new instances of subjects, implementation of rulings, governmental rulings and the preference of some rulings over others (important and important rule) is examined through a descriptive-analytical method. It took. The results show that the jurisprudential authority of the jurisprudent is closely related to the role of time and place in ijtihad and these two aspects of the jurisprudent's decision are determined. Time and place influence the parameters of sentences, their subjects, and their characteristics. But the jurisprudent can not only solve modern problems and problems of modern society by means of primary and secondary verdicts, but by using the element of expediency, the rule of law, the principle of importance and the element of time and place, can solve emerging problems. Manuscript profile -
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87 - The Political Basis for Imam Khomeini’s (alya) Foreign Political Policy
Hossein babaei Ali Reza Golshani2 Massoud JafarinezhadThe present research aims to investigate the basis for Imam Khomeiniʼs foreign political policy. A descriptive-analytical research method is used. The results show that Imam Khomeini’s epistemology, ontology, anthropology, and methodology presents a thought paradi MoreThe present research aims to investigate the basis for Imam Khomeiniʼs foreign political policy. A descriptive-analytical research method is used. The results show that Imam Khomeini’s epistemology, ontology, anthropology, and methodology presents a thought paradigm for his ruling in foreign policy. Moreover, his spiritual knowledge and approach are considered as a key to knowing his way in foreign policy. Additionally, Imam Khomeini’s political policy is related to his great charismatic features as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Imam Khomeini (ra) and Internal Control of Political Power
مرتضی شیرودی قاسم عابدی فیروزجائیSince creation of man to-this day, human communities have been influenced by political power in such a way that different groups have attempted to access to power and its control. Acquisition of political power put capabilities at the discretion of mankind that if not c MoreSince creation of man to-this day, human communities have been influenced by political power in such a way that different groups have attempted to access to power and its control. Acquisition of political power put capabilities at the discretion of mankind that if not controlled pave the ground for rulers to lean towards misuse of power. Hence, world thinkers with different approaches to political power have used various tools to control it. In Islam, too, control of power has been further emphasized to the extent that it has pointed to design of specific tools from within man to control power, not to mention commonly used tools in the world. Among the Islamic thinkers in modern world, Imam Khomeini (ra) as revitalizer of Islamic thought and unifier of theory and practice of Islamic thought has paid serious attention to this momentum. But how? So this question faces us that in political thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra), how political power can be controlled by means of internal tools? The present article has come to the following results by applying an analytic-descriptive method: Imam Khomeini (ra) believes in tools like justice, faith, piety and knowledge of Islam and law for internally controlling of political power. These tools are assumed to holders of political power and rulers of Islamic community and thus public soul and property are not assaulted. This is because these internal tools in harnessing rebellion and abusing power play a role in particularly control of power from affliction to corruption. Manuscript profile -
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89 - Human Dignity and Citizenship Right in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
محسن پرواز مصطفی کرمی ماشااله حیدرپورIn a world where liberal-democratic thought as one of the discourses at issue in the world have made western thinkers regard it the only true way of administering people and set aside religion from the scene of politics in its entirety; they want to instil the belief th MoreIn a world where liberal-democratic thought as one of the discourses at issue in the world have made western thinkers regard it the only true way of administering people and set aside religion from the scene of politics in its entirety; they want to instil the belief that religion cannot manage human community. In the Islamic Iran, a religious government was formed based on Velayat-e-Faqih led by the sagaciously jurisprudent leader, Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) in such a way that the world people once observing this government learned that religion has something to say and it can lead human communities towards prosperity by recognizing psychological and mental needs. The most marked cases of citizenship rights in the eyes of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) are right of freedom, right of security, right of having social justice and the other rights trace back to these three main elements. The fundamental origin of such rights are natural rights according to the Islamic universalism and Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) that emanate from divine credibility. In fact, citizenship rights that are divinely endowed to social mankind and nobody is authorized to deprive him of such endowed rights. Manuscript profile -
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90 - Governmental Jurisprudence in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
هادی شاکری الهه بزمیان مسعود مطلبیShiite jurisprudence is constantly changing. With the victory of Islamic revolution and rule of community jurisprudents, many questions relating to area of jurisprudence in the Islamic community were shifted to system of jurisprudence where jurisprudent approaches opted MoreShiite jurisprudence is constantly changing. With the victory of Islamic revolution and rule of community jurisprudents, many questions relating to area of jurisprudence in the Islamic community were shifted to system of jurisprudence where jurisprudent approaches opted to answer them thanks to their Ijtihad and mental principles. The governmental jurisprudence is rulings that ruler of community based upon religiously anticipated norms and public interests of Muslims prescribes to preserve health of society, regulate the affairs and establish accurate relationships among organizations in the fields of culture, education, tax and so forth. In the meantime, Imam Khomeini (ra) by turning to his governmental approach established modern jurisprudence with a governmental attitude that believes in Islamic jurisprudence capability for managing the society and says the only way for achieving Shari’ah individually and socially is to establish the Islamic government. For him, whatever of powers and duties of the Prophet (s) and Imams after him, can be authentically applied to fully qualified jurisprudent. This article intends to study and analyze tools and approaches of the governmental jurisprudence in the opinion of Imam Khomeini (ra) through examination of definitions of jurisprudence and principles of governmental jurisprudence. And this is basically presumed that Ijtihad understanding of jurisprudents like Imam Khomeini (ra) from Shari’ah and jurisprudent sources involves a comprehensive directive for its systematization and supervision based upon instructions of governmental jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
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91 - Islamic Civilization in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
محمد صادقیReligion of Islam, after being established, could abruptly found the wonderful civilization in the universe in such a way that have other civilizations including western civilization be indebted to itself. While paying attention to spiritual and material dimensions of c MoreReligion of Islam, after being established, could abruptly found the wonderful civilization in the universe in such a way that have other civilizations including western civilization be indebted to itself. While paying attention to spiritual and material dimensions of civilizations and criticizing western civilization and underlining its uni-dimensional and material aspect, Imam Khomeini called Islamic civilization as the most exhaustive civilization that has a spirit replete with faith and where this spirit flows across all of its organs. On the other hand, Imam underscored the spiritual aspect and man-making capacity of Islamic civilization as its most important element. Manuscript profile -
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92 - Transnational Thoughts of Imam Khomeini (ra) and their Universal Manifestation
ماشااله حیدرپور حسن بشارتی رادThanks to his pragmatic conduct as well as his broad-based thoughts, Imam Khomeini (ra) stands shining as ever-living reality and transnational figure across human community. Personality of Imam Khomeini (ra) enjoys various and multifarious aspects because of being broa MoreThanks to his pragmatic conduct as well as his broad-based thoughts, Imam Khomeini (ra) stands shining as ever-living reality and transnational figure across human community. Personality of Imam Khomeini (ra) enjoys various and multifarious aspects because of being broad in thinking and practical in domain. This feature is directly reflected in his state of behavior and discourse in such a way that uncovering his thoughts and life-history is representative of a general system that indicates reasonable integration and communication of its components. In the meantime, although over three decades past the Islamic revolution victory, this question is raised that what necessity rules for transnational thoughts and position-takings and why the Islamic Republic of Iran plays a role in transnational areas. In this respect, studying transnational thoughts of Imam Khomeini (ra) and their reflection among nations worldwide can show us a very opening way. In this article, some aspects of transnational thoughts of Imam Khomeini (ra) have been uncovered and on an analytical approach, it is stressed that there is a direct relationship between Imam’s transnational thoughts and universal manifestation of his movement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Political Knowledge within Mental System of Imam Khomeini (ra)
علی شیرخانی داود سبزیPolitics and its pertinent knowledge is regarded as one of the main issues of human sciences, which has preoccupied minds of many theorists and scientific environments. For the same reason, reviewing the writings of great thinkers can noticeably help understand and loca MorePolitics and its pertinent knowledge is regarded as one of the main issues of human sciences, which has preoccupied minds of many theorists and scientific environments. For the same reason, reviewing the writings of great thinkers can noticeably help understand and localize politics and its knowledge. One of the personalities, thoughts and mental system of whom can beneficially contribute to theorists in this field about cognitive study of politics and its localizing methods is Imam Khomeini (ra). Since politics, as to opinion of Imam Khomeini (ra), has an exalted status in Islam, this approach has been crystallized in the ideas of the deceased Imam and he puts great emphasis upon the category in his mental system. Of course, unlike western views, his manner of looking at politics and knowledge derived from it ceases to be single dimension and merely materialistic one; rather, he illustrates material and worldly aspects for politics that can be enabled to bring human prosperity in all his lifetime. While stating that politics creates substance for happiness and salvation of people, he enumerates a good deal of effects for knowledge among which community-wide elimination of corruption, upholding justice, countering with political systems tyranny, paving grounds for liberty of citizens and so on can be referred to. In order to let politics reach the highest aim, he underlined its localization and its indices can be observed to strengthen Islamism, monotheistic attitude towards Islam and utilization of Islamic sources. Local politics in mental system of Imam Khomeini (ra) has the following structure: aggregation of idealism and realism, connection of ideology with manifestations of civilization, ranking of people, collectivism of Islam, bi-dimensional salvation (material and spiritual) and justice-centeredness. Through such approach, components of knowledge of local politics can be articulated in the eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra) to have a nature of Ijtihad, argumentation, obligation, time and space centeredness, instrumental knowledge, finalism and the other world centeredness. Manuscript profile -
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94 - Measuring the Ratio of Condition of “No-loss” in Enjoining Good and Forbidding Bad through “Behavior of Imam Husayn (‘a)” with an Emphasis on Idea of Imam Khomeini (ra)
مهدی پورحسینJurisprudents regard “Absence of Corruption and Loss” as one of the conditions to enjoin good and forbid bad, but Imam Husayn (‘a) launched his uprising although he knew the nature of his uprising as enjoining good and forbidding bad and failed to comp MoreJurisprudents regard “Absence of Corruption and Loss” as one of the conditions to enjoin good and forbid bad, but Imam Husayn (‘a) launched his uprising although he knew the nature of his uprising as enjoining good and forbidding bad and failed to comply with the condition. Jurisprudents for justifying such strategy of Imam Husayn (‘a) have brought up likely things like “uncertainty of martyrdom”, exclusive path of martyrdom”, “permit of peace with enemy rather than its obligatoriness”, “mystery-laden movement of Imam Husayn (‘a)” and “drop of condition of no-loss with importance of obligatoriness”, but Imam Khomeini (ra) by theorizing the last thing has changed it into a theory and has put it into practice. Manuscript profile -
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95 - Democracy, Freedom and Secularism in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
زهرا صداقتی نیا محمد قدرتی مقصود رنجبرThis article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically MoreThis article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically related to one another. Considering political development is one of the approaches to attain typical community concerned to Imam (ra). What is accepted is to pay attention to democracy and approval of what the majority believes in the ideas ruling over the regime. Founder of Islamic Republic of Iran by expressing that he is not opt to impose something on people of Iran, nor are Islam and Prophet (s) permitted to do so referred to likely similarity of his concerned democracy to the western type of democracy and clarified: “the democracy we want to establish is not available in west. Democracy of Islam is more complete than that of the west. “Category of freedom as primary right of mankind has been accepted in this government. Imam Khomeini (ra) believed: “There is freedom in Islam for all walks of life. Basis is national freedom and independence.” Of course, he made it clear that: “Freedom remains limited according to law; freedom ceases to mean that whoever says whatever he wishes to say.” Islamic Republic is a government based on freedom and democracy in the framework of Islam. In secularism, the followers envision that religion and anything with sanctity and spirituality must be set aside from social activities and relations. Therefore, vision and religion are placed exclusive and limited to personal matters and they are incompatible with categories of politics and society. This stream of thought must be originally sought in the positions taken by the west against religion. Manuscript profile -
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96 - Prohibited Contributions to Sin and Prohibited Contributions to Oppressor in Mass Media in the Eyes of Islamic Jurisprudence and with an Emphasis on Jurisprudent Speculation of Imam Khomeini (ra)
سید محمدرضا پیرمرادیانStudying rulings of news broadcast and press is particularly important with a consideration given to age of communications and the need of jurisprudence to respond to matters concerned with the community. In school of Islam, jurisprudence is in charge of elucidating ind MoreStudying rulings of news broadcast and press is particularly important with a consideration given to age of communications and the need of jurisprudence to respond to matters concerned with the community. In school of Islam, jurisprudence is in charge of elucidating individual and social must’s and must not’s including jurisprudent rules of the rule “prohibited contributions to sin and prohibited contributions to oppression”. This article initially presents proofs and sources pertinent to these two rules taken from verses and narrations; it cites literal and idiomatic senses of these two rules through verses and later, it mentions ruling of these two rules from the opinions of jurisprudents and jurisprudent principles of Imam Khomeini (ra). Besides, considering the rule “prohibited contributions to sin”, it has dealt with one of the applying cases in media meaning the media which affects abnormally imitative behavior of the audience and further, considering the rule “prohibited contributions to oppressor”, it explores one of its applications meaning autocratic journalism. Consequently, with an emphasis on jurisprudent speculations of Imam Khomeini (ra), it finally discusses special role of news media in resuscitating “bid for good deeds and forbid bad deeds” so that rules of “prohibited contributions to sin and prohibited contributions to oppressor” would be practically achieved. Manuscript profile -
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97 - The Issue of Freedom in the Discourses of Principlists and Reformists
Sayyed Abolfazl Hosseini‐Zade Sayyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini‐ZadeThe present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ&n MoreThe present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ and why does the scope of freedom in either one of the two perspectives seem different? What is the position of freedom in Imam Khomeini’s political discourse? In the post‐revolutionary Iran, it was the jurisprudential political discourse that could gain the upper hand in presenting its own interpretation of freedom and was accepted by the majority of people, and after its division into the two political discourses of principlism and reformism, it demonstrated two different readings of the issue of freedom. The first hypothesis and answer by the present paper is that the division depends on the perspective that each of the camps may have on the concept of republic. The perspective, which gives more color to Islamism and Divine legitimacy in the phrase Islamic Republic, naturally pays more attention to the authority of an appointed ruling jurist; in some way, that perspective considers religion as the cornerstone and freedom as resulting from it, and interprets freedom within the framework of Islamic canon law. Contrarily, the other perspective, which seeks to highlight the republic in the phrase, naturally focuses more on the meaning and concept of freedom and deems freedom fundamental and even it explicates the popularity of the canon law on the basis of freedom. Manuscript profile -
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98 - The Religious‐Text Features in Imam Khomeini’s Views and Their Influence on the Jurisprudential‐ Political Thought
Gholam Hassan MoqimiThe mechanism of Imam Khomeini’s dynamic ijtihad, besides developing a systematic relationship with the sources (the Qur’an, tradition, consensus and wisdom),&n MoreThe mechanism of Imam Khomeini’s dynamic ijtihad, besides developing a systematic relationship with the sources (the Qur’an, tradition, consensus and wisdom), enjoys a logical link with time and space and hence extracts the regulations for the political and social life out of them. Although the social structures of time and space limitthe juristswithin the context of the social environment and the realities of everyday political life (power relations), the only element for the jurist theoreticians to develop political thoughtsis "the legitimacy and supremacy of religious texts". The distinctive characteristic in Imam Khomeini’s Jurisprudential approach is its being based on religious texts. The present research assumes that Imam Khomeini’s social, systematic and comprehensive view toward the religious texts has caused his jurisprudential‐political deductions to be social, systematic and comprehensive, as well. For instance, he considers the governance as a component of religion and among the primary rules. The consequence of such a view is that Islam will be deficient without “the ruling of the religious leader”. This article is based on a holistic approach with reaches beyond the additive philosophy and it tries to extract the religious‐text features in Imam Khomeini’s view and study their influence on the political‐jurisprudential thoughts. Manuscript profile -
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99 - A Study of Principles of Religious Knowledge of Peace and Peaceful Co-existence in the Eyes of John Hick and Imam Khomeini (ra)
اکرم نامور سید مهدی میرداداشیPeace and Peaceful co-existence is some type of social behavior that comes into existence within the framework of suitable sense. Social pluralism based on salvation study pluralism is some type of interpretation of peace and co-existence that uses modern philosophical MorePeace and Peaceful co-existence is some type of social behavior that comes into existence within the framework of suitable sense. Social pluralism based on salvation study pluralism is some type of interpretation of peace and co-existence that uses modern philosophical grounds. John Hick, religious philosopher and theologian, has attempted to present new interpretation of Christianity with this approach and passing through historical interpretation of church, thus institutionalizing peace and co-existence among different religions followers. Imam Khomeini vis-à-vis Hick’s approach presents another basis for salvation of religion, peace and co-existence. This article has tried to explore and criticize ideas of John Hick based on his conceptual principles while presenting interpretation of Imam Khomeini from issue of salvation, peace and peaceful co-existence representative of traditional thinking of world of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - A Contemplative Look at Defense and Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
مهدی جاودانی مقدمUndoubtedly, speculations of Imam Khomeini (ra) is regarded as one of the conceptual principles of defense and foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran. This, on one hand, is affected by unique status of Imam (ra) as founder of Islamic Revolution and on the other hand MoreUndoubtedly, speculations of Imam Khomeini (ra) is regarded as one of the conceptual principles of defense and foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran. This, on one hand, is affected by unique status of Imam (ra) as founder of Islamic Revolution and on the other hand, these speculations affect the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran and political action of its defense and political agents. Based on this, this article by realizing important recognition of speculative principles of Imam’s vision in the area of Iran’s Islamic Republic defense and foreign policy has tried to respond to this question that what are the most important elements effective on defense and foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran in the eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra). Findings of this research obtained through analytic-descriptive method show that elements of discourse like the state-religion link, principle of invitation, rule of Nafy-e-Sabil (Rejecting the path), principle of friendship and immunity, separation of Dar Al-Islam and Dar Al-Kufr, safeguarding interests of the Islamic state and proximity of hearts are joined together based on speculations of Imam Khomeini (ra); principles, objectives and Iranian national interests such as maintaining the regime, neither the east nor the west, active idealism, revolution export, ummah building, diplomacy of jihad, democratically deterring strategy and…have been shaped within the realm of defense and foreign policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Status of Expediency in Politico-Jurisprudent Thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra)
خدیجه هاشمی غلامرضا بهروزی لکHazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) is the first jurisprudent in political history of Shiism who succeeded in establishing a government and restoring theory of guardianship (Velayat-e-Faqih). To this direction, he viewed expedient jurisprudent in a different manner than before an MoreHazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) is the first jurisprudent in political history of Shiism who succeeded in establishing a government and restoring theory of guardianship (Velayat-e-Faqih). To this direction, he viewed expedient jurisprudent in a different manner than before and further highlighted its governmental-social aspect than what it had been before. This is while earlier Shiite scholars pointed more to aspect of expediency in religious areas and individual obligations in their writings and the application of this momentum had been ignored in socio-political matters. Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra) underscoring prophetic biography introduced the expediency as the basic tenet in perpetuating and maintaining the Islamic system; practically speaking, his political conduct represented his commitment to this vital principle in the Islamic community. The article author has tried to analytically and descriptively and based on library research data deal with theory of expediency in thinking and practice of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (ra). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Nitro Zeus, a confrontation between America's international policies and the Islamic Republic's sovereignty model after a half century of challenge
reza jalali ali akbar amini amirhossein zarei mahmod abadiThe purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results i MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results indicated that a military confrontation with the Islamic Republic of Iran is extremely strenuous and costly, and the United States know it for sure that the abandonment of sovereignty in Iran is impossible even with a nuclear attack by them, unless it is accompanied by people and physical presence on Iran's soil. Iranians have unique identities, as they become united in difficulty, and no alternative can be envisaged for this unique historical sovereignty coalesced with Islamism, Iranianism together with their ethnic and racial identity in Iran. The only way is to accept the absolute sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of absolute Guardianship of Islamic Jurist; that is, both parties, particularly the United States, should live up to international rules and treaties, which in turn leads to a constructive and mutual interaction between both parties in the long run. Inclusive confrontation with Iran, ranging from nuclear attack to Nitro Zeus, no matter how strong they are, are not sufficient for an encounter with Iran. And, since there is no alternative to this model of sovereignty given the complex and multilayered identity of Iranian culture, it is evident that compliance with the new global order and embracing Iran is the only solution for putting an end to this challenge from the last half century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - A Survey on the Degree of the Acquaintance of the Seminary‐School Students and University Students in Qom with Imam Khomeini’s Political Jurisprudence
Ali Akbari Mo’alem Ne’matollah KaramollahiThe present article is a survey on the amount of the acquaintance of the seminary‐school students and university students of the third generation of the& MoreThe present article is a survey on the amount of the acquaintance of the seminary‐school students and university students of the third generation of the Islamic revolution in Qom with Imam Khomeini’s political jurisprudence in his political thoughts. The sample in this survey consisted of 600 participants chosen through a mixed method sampling (quota‐stratified),who answered a questionnaire. The findings of the research revealed that the amount of the acquaintance of the seminary‐school students and university students in Qomwith Imam Khomeini’s political jurisprudence in his political thoughts is 74.01 percent; furthermore, the findings showed that the participants’ gender, marital status, residential status (urban/rural) had no influence in this regard. Meanwhile, their place of education, age, and education level influenced the level of their acquaintance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Passion for patriotism in the poems of Golrokhgar Safiava, contemporary Tajik poem
gholamabas nafisi mohammadali davoodabadi ali Sarvar YagobiThe subject of this analytical and descriptive article is the study and analysis of the patriotic poems of the famous Tajik poet, "Gol Rokhsar". Patriotism, in the last century and in the newly independent countries, was a common phenomenon and attracted the attention o MoreThe subject of this analytical and descriptive article is the study and analysis of the patriotic poems of the famous Tajik poet, "Gol Rokhsar". Patriotism, in the last century and in the newly independent countries, was a common phenomenon and attracted the attention of many speakers. In fact, addressing the issue of the homeland is a social and political necessity for many countries that see their independence as vulnerable and endangered. Because these nations suffer from a lost identity and consider the praise of the homeland and the reliance on its history and background as a means to achieve their national identity. To achieve this lost identity, Gol Rokhsar had no choice but to rely on the ancient culture of the Tajik people, who were all under attack. Since the ethnic Tajiks are Persian-speaking and part of the body of the great Aryan and then Iranian-Islamic culture, the shadow of this ancient Aryan culture is felt on the glorious homeland of Gol Rokhsar. In any case, this Tajik poet, after fierce struggles with the opposition to the formation of the Republic of Tajikistan, given the fragile political situation of his country, not war; Rather, he considers peace, reconciliation, and dialogue to be the most effective, and for this reason he turns his bow into a pen, so that he can spread the voice of the deprivation and oppression of his people to the world. The information in this article was collected by the library method and then described analytically. The most important achievement of this article is that Gol loves his homeland more than political issues.And he honestly expresses his emotional understanding of his homeland and his countrymen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Analysis of the Reflection of Patriotic Thoughts in the Poems of Loiq Sher-Ali
Korosh Jamshidi Ali Asghar Bondshahriari Morteza Haji Mazdarani Amir Hossein MahouziPatriotism is a phenomenon that has had a special impact on contemporary literature in the last century. Aref Qazvini and Farrokhi Yazdi are examples of contemporary poets whose patriotism has a special effect. Tajik poetry also needs to breathe new life of national pri MorePatriotism is a phenomenon that has had a special impact on contemporary literature in the last century. Aref Qazvini and Farrokhi Yazdi are examples of contemporary poets whose patriotism has a special effect. Tajik poetry also needs to breathe new life of national pride and patriotism due to the invasion of foreign nations and years of communist rule in order to help the Tajik people maintain national unity and achieve development. Layeq Shir Ali is the national poet of Tajikistan and one of the most prominent figures of patriotic poetry, who has shown his love for his homeland in his poems. The present article uses a descriptive method with a content analysis approach to study the analysis of the reflection of patriotic ideas in the poems worthy of the patriotic poet Shir Ali. Various aspects of patriotism in worthy poetry include mentioning the glorious past of the Tajik people, the importance of Persian as a mother tongue, being influenced by the Shahnameh, calling for peace, and cosmopolitan ideas. Has examined worthy poems and has come to the conclusion that worthy patriotic thoughts have deep humanitarian roots. Worthy, he wants peace, progress, equality and peaceful coexistence of all nations of the world, and this ideal will be achieved when every human being realizes his own inherent values; Therefore, the need for world peace from the worthy point of view of Shir Ali is self-knowledge and individual self-awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The (Un)homely and Migratory Literature in Alia Yunis’s The Night Counter
SHOLEH ABHARI LALEH Fazel Asadi AmjadThe concept of home carries with itself an emotional and secure weight which usually gives one a sense of belonging and stability; however, for the migrant or the colonized subject the world is “unhomely”. Using the theories of Homi K. Bhabha concerning the MoreThe concept of home carries with itself an emotional and secure weight which usually gives one a sense of belonging and stability; however, for the migrant or the colonized subject the world is “unhomely”. Using the theories of Homi K. Bhabha concerning the unhomely, the present research attempts to focus on the dislocated state experienced by Fatima, the protagonist-narrator, in Alia Yunis’s novel, The Night Counter (2009), and the plurality that comes with being caught in the space of unhomely. In this research, the major question is that is there hierarchal privileges in cultural hybridity or not? Bhabha holds that hybridity is free from hierarchal privileges; while attesting to the wide range of practicality Bhabha's concept of unhomely enjoys in regard to the postcolonial diasporic communities, the researcher argues that there are such cases, as that of Fatima, in which the migrant manages to move beyond his or her geographical displacement and live a fully articulated cultural life in a Eurocentric culture via recourse to his or her native religio-cultural heritage. This proves the priority of one culture over the other rather than its absence as Bhabha claims since the passage of years do not prevent Fatima from following her native culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Relationship Between The Use Of Social Networks And Organizational Procrastination Subject Of Study: Employees Of The Islamic Revolution Mustafafan Foundation
Ali Goodarzi سمیه تاجیک اسماعیلیThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the amount of use of social networks and organizational negligence. This research is a description of the type of correlational studies. The survey research method, questionnaire measurement tool and info MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the amount of use of social networks and organizational negligence. This research is a description of the type of correlational studies. The survey research method, questionnaire measurement tool and information gathering method is a combination of library and field method. The statistical population of the research is made up of employees of the headquarters of the Foundation of the Underprivileged of the Islamic Revolution who are employed in the main building of the foundation in 1401, which includes 270 people. In the field investigation, 159 people among these employees were selected and studied according to the Morgan table and using simple random sampling method. The employees in the sample completed two media consumption questionnaires and an organizational procrastination questionnaire in order to collect data. Data analysis was done through Spearman's correlation test and using SPSS. The validity of the research tool has been confirmed through face and content validity. Also, their reliability has been calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80. The results of the research show that the use of social networks is effective on organizational procrastination (the type of use of social networks is "positive" on employee procrastination, but the amount of use of social networks is "negative" on employee procrastination). Also, organizational procrastination components predict the use of social networks: A positive and significant relationship is observed between the use of social networks and the level of inefficiency of employees ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Qualitative analysis of the social-political concepts of the testament of the martyrs who defended the shrine of Tehran province
Gholamreza Abedi Kushalshah Rosa Karampoor Ali BaseriThe purpose of the present study is to examine the political-social concepts of the writings of the martyrs of the shrine of the province of Tehran in 1398. The concept of martyrdom was backed up by functionalist, structuralist, modern, postmodern, Interpreters and Musl MoreThe purpose of the present study is to examine the political-social concepts of the writings of the martyrs of the shrine of the province of Tehran in 1398. The concept of martyrdom was backed up by functionalist, structuralist, modern, postmodern, Interpreters and Muslim thinker’s theories. Research Method and Research Strategy Quantitative content analysis is a technique in qualitative research, used to objectively and systematically describe the content of the message with the ultimate goal of interpreting the data and to identify and highlight the main axes or lines of the text. The statistical society including all the shrine protectorate's permits, according to the available and available works (20 shrines of the shrine) were selected, the sampling method Selected from available sample type. The findings of the research showed that the highest frequency of political concepts is 96.57 percent, and the highest frequency of social concepts is 42.44 percent in the wives and wills of shrine protectors of the shrine. The results of the research showed that two patterns from the text and the conclusions of the martyrs can be extracted. First, follow the uprising of Ashura and Imam Hussein as the true leader and flagship of this uprising and the second model of defending the soil, homeland, and the lives of allies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Relationship Between the Use of Social Networks and Organizational Procrastination Subject of Study: Employees of The Islamic Revolution
Ali Goodarzi Somayyeh Tajik EsmaeiliThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the amount of use of social networks and organizational negligence. This research is a description of the type of correlational studies. The survey research method, questionnaire measurement tool and info MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the amount of use of social networks and organizational negligence. This research is a description of the type of correlational studies. The survey research method, questionnaire measurement tool and information gathering method is a combination of library and field method. The statistical population of the research is made up of employees of the headquarters of the Foundation of the Underprivileged of the Islamic Revolution who are employed in the main building of the foundation in 1401, which includes 270 people. In the field investigation, 159 people among these employees were selected and studied according to the Morgan table and using simple random sampling method. The employees in the sample completed two media consumption questionnaires and an organizational procrastination questionnaire in order to collect data. Data analysis was done through Spearman's correlation test and using SPSS. The validity of the research tool has been confirmed through face and content validity. Also, their reliability has been calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80. The results of the research show that the use of social networks is effective on organizational procrastination (the type of use of social networks is "positive" on employee procrastination, but the amount of use of social networks is "negative" on employee procrastination). Also, organizational procrastination components predict the use of social networks: A positive and significant relationship is observed between the use of social networks and the level of inefficiency of employees (a significant relationship is observed between the type of use of social networks and the level of inefficiency and mental anxiety of employees, but there is no significant relationship with the level of use of social networks). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Host Attitude toward Second Home Tourism Impacts on Rural Development (The case of: Rural collection of Javaherdeh in Ramsar)
Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghian Rudsari Najmeh Gharibi -
Open Access Article
111 - The Role of Second Homes in Tourism Development of Rural Settlements (Case Study of Damavand Townships)
mehdi ebadi -
Open Access Article
112 - The Study of Farmers and Workers in Farrokhi Yazdi’s poetry
Mohammad Reza Tavakoli Mehdi NaseriForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by MoreForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by people. Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi (1887–October 18, 1939) a Persian/Iranian poet and senior politician of Constitutional era, was one of those, who defended his homeland until he was martyered in this way. One of the characteristics of the poems of the Farrokhi was rejecting dictatorship and fighting with dictators. So in this regard he spared no efforts to defend the workers and farmers who had been oppressd by the Phalavi despotic regime along with the British colonialism. This article reviews the position of worker and farmer in Farrokhi’s poem to show the commitment of this poet to his homeland more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Thought of Fatherland in the Constitution-Era Poetry
Mohamad BehnamfarConstitution era is the beginning of the arrival of new ideas in Persian poetry. The ideas that appeared in Persian literature have a particular form in this era. One of these main ideas was the thought of fatherland that filled most of the literary works. Reviewing the MoreConstitution era is the beginning of the arrival of new ideas in Persian poetry. The ideas that appeared in Persian literature have a particular form in this era. One of these main ideas was the thought of fatherland that filled most of the literary works. Reviewing the classic and modern concept of fatherland, this article tries to show the situation of this idea in the constitution-era literary works by introducing the greatest fatherland poets, along with analyzing the characteristics of this special genre Manuscript profile -
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114 - Allegorical analyses of elements and stories in Imam Khomeini’s poem relying on the holy Quranintertextuality.
Sayed Hossein Mousavi Shamsolhajiyeh Ardalani Sayed Jafar HamidiAllegory is an anecdote or a narrative consisting of ethical, religious, didactic, social, mystical, philosophical and even psychological concepts. There is also the other side of intertextuality in which the method of convergence contexts should be adopted through cons MoreAllegory is an anecdote or a narrative consisting of ethical, religious, didactic, social, mystical, philosophical and even psychological concepts. There is also the other side of intertextuality in which the method of convergence contexts should be adopted through considering the effect of foregoing contexts and it’s influences on subsequent contexts. Current research is a qualitative study. Therefore, this is a descriptive-analytical study conducted based on library references with the aim of allegorical survey ofall the elements and narratives of Imam Khomeini’s poem which relies upon Quranic intertextuality. Imam Khomeini was a divine mystical character. He also has had a perfect familiarity to God’s utterances with divine providence. Accordingly, the core and frame of his poems are based on this fact. Moreover, his poem comprises ethical and reflective tips leading to firmness and stability in the poetry. In this survey, due to the necessity of research, attempts have been made to address Quranic elements and tales which are allegorically utilized in Imam Khomeini’s poetry. Although such elements and tales possess real nature in principle, they carry a second meaning when placed in allegorical forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Philosophical l Deviations of sheikh-ol-rais in imam khomeini''s instructions (GB)
Abdolreza JamalzadehIbnesina is a prominent and Muslim scientist has been introduced broadly in different sciences due to high intelligence and Genius. He is considered as a founder and creator which is unique in his era. Sheikh-ol-rais is head of peripatetic school in the Islamic e MoreIbnesina is a prominent and Muslim scientist has been introduced broadly in different sciences due to high intelligence and Genius. He is considered as a founder and creator which is unique in his era. Sheikh-ol-rais is head of peripatetic school in the Islamic era has influenced the schools and philosophies after himself, one of those who admires him but criticizes is famous scholar called Imam Khomeini. Imam reminds him as the greatest scientist who is unique in terms of genius but has a lot deviations and mistakes. In the paper we are to criticize and consider some philosophical problems of Ibnesina including bodily resurrection, essential motion , wise and sane unity and… in view point of imam Khomeini (GB) and sometimes we apply the opinions of others such as sadr-ol-hokamaye shirazi, although the goal is to prove and justify the continents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Beloved Homeland in the Arms of Constitutionalism Poetry
Naser Al-din Shah Hosseini, Masoud SarhadiPatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusi MorePatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusions by neighboring countries and profit-seeking interventions of Europeans which resulted in humiliation of Iranians, as well as the weakness of the authorities in managing national affairs and maintaining Iran’s territorial integrity wounded the pride of all Iranian patriots. As a result, poets, as their social mission, aimed to incite passion and understanding of the people regarding patriotism, and at the same time, cut short the hands of courtiers and foreigners. However, their patriotism was generally emotional and lacked an intellectual and philosophical depth. So, their attitude toward their country was the a combination of various patriotic beliefs including nationalism, internationalism, chauvinism, and even in the sense of birthplace. Considering the mixture of poets’ patriotic attitudes and also their mental and linguistic background, this paper attempts to study the intensions and levels of patriotism in the poems of prominent and influents poets of Constitutionalism period. Manuscript profile -
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117 - The Study of Comparetive Efficacy of Group Cognitive Therapy Based on Rational Emotive Behavior Technique With Homeopathy Method on Women's Depression Disoreler
فرناز نوابیفر اصغر آقایی ویکتوریا عمرانیفرد حمید افشار زنجانی پدرام معینیThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obta MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obtained a score between to on the Beck' s Depression Inventory, and further diagnosed by a psychiatrist assessment to have been suffering from Depression, female patients were selected and assigned to experimental groups randomly. weekly sessions of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behavioral techniques was administered to the experimental group . The subjects of Homeopathy group by kind permission of the psychiatrist were referred to the homeopath and treated by the homeopathic remedies for months ,individually. At the end of interventions, the Beck's Depression Inventory was administered to both experimental groups as post-test for the second time. The measuring instruments were: Psychiatric assessment, Demographic questionnaire and Beck's Depression Inventory. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including: Frequency, Frequency percentage, Covariance and dependent T- test. The results of data analysis revealed that both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of Depression (P ≥ ). No differences among treatment conditions at post-test were observed (P ≥ ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Psychometric Properties of Generalized Pathological Unternet Use Scale(GPIUS) in Internet Users Students of Isfahan Universities
سید سلمان علوی فرشته جنتی فرد محمدرضا مرآثی حسین رضاپورThis study investigated reliability and validi-ty (psychomet- ric properties) of GPIUS. This is a descriptivea- nalytical research. For this pur-pose 400 Isfahan university students were sub-jected. Sampling method was quota sampling .samples completed demographic ques- MoreThis study investigated reliability and validi-ty (psychomet- ric properties) of GPIUS. This is a descriptivea- nalytical research. For this pur-pose 400 Isfahan university students were sub-jected. Sampling method was quota sampling .samples completed demographic ques-tionnaire, IAT, YDQ and GPIUS. finally clinical interview (based on DSM-IV-TR) was per-formed for all of the samples. For data analysis we have used factor analysis, internal consis-tency, split half, and Kronbach’ ROC Curve by SPSS Software. Factor analysis by principal component and Varimax rotation revealed seven factors for GPIUS .It has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach =0/90), split half (r=0/81) relia- bility, discriminative validity (r=0/55) and concurrent validity (0/55 ,0/61).best cut of point for this questionnaire is 63 There-fore GPIUS has acceptable psychometric properties and this is a valid and reliable in-strument that may be used in research on inter-net addiction. Manuscript profile -
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119 - The Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Revised Islamic Scale of Envy (ISE-R)
Abbas Ali Haratiyan Mohammad Reza Ahmadi ابوالقاسم ولی زادهThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Le MoreThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Leader’s Office at universities, 1918 persons were randomly selected. The students completed the original test of Envy Scale (Vali-Zadeh, 2010/1389s.c.). For the validity of the scale, factor analysis methods (exploratory and confirmatory) and concurrent validity were used. Factor analysis of the data showed that the revised form of the Islamic Scale of Envy have four factors (including sense of irritation by others’ success, sense of deprivation and inferiority, tendency to deprive others of their blessings, and sorrow of being compared) and have a good concurrent validity. To avaluate the reliability of the scale, internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha yielding 0.93 which means a highly reliable scale. Based on findings of the reseach, it can be concluded that this questionnaire has a high reliability and validity, which can assist us in investigating people’s temperamental and personality envy-related traits and it can be employed for clinical activities and future studies. Manuscript profile -
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120 - Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9)
Nader HajlooThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of short form of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) in part of the Iran society . Research method of this study was cross-sectional and correlational. The study population consisted of all female a MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of short form of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) in part of the Iran society . Research method of this study was cross-sectional and correlational. The study population consisted of all female and male high school teachers of Ardabill in city in 2011-12 (1390-91 s.c . ). Data were collected from 280 teachers (142 females and 138 males ) that were selected by multistage cluster sampling . The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 items , Maslach & Jackson (1981) burnout scale and Churchill , Ford & walker (1976) job satisfaction scale, were used for data collection. The results showed that the three energy , dedication and absorption dimensions of UWES-9 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient have the internal consistency . Evaluations of content, convergent and divergent validates of UWES-9 was also confirmed the scales' validity. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that in the Iranian version of UWES-9 , as in the original form appears the three related but distinct dimensions of energy , dedication and absorption. Based on this confidence about UWES-9 accuracy in work engagement assessment, its application in researches related to work engagement is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Assessing "decentering": Validity, reliability and factor structure of experiences questionnaire in university students
Zahra Taherifar sima Ferdowsi Fereshteh mootabi Mohammad ali Mazaheri Tehrani LADAN fata Decentering is an adaptive emotion regulation strategy that refers to the ability to gain perspective from one’s thoughts and feelings. The purpose of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of Farsi version of the Experiences Questionnaire More Decentering is an adaptive emotion regulation strategy that refers to the ability to gain perspective from one’s thoughts and feelings. The purpose of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of Farsi version of the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ; assessing decentering factor, Fresco et al., 2007) in student sample. All of the 182 students completed the experiences questionnaire, emotion regulation questionnaire, Beck depression inventory-II and Beck anxiety inventory. Pearson`s correlation, chronbach`s alpha and exploratory factor analysis used for analyzing the data. The internal consistency of EQ was 0.77. The convergent validity examined by using reappraisal subscale of emotion regulation questionnaire and the findings showed r= 0.462. To investigate the discriminate validity, subscale suppression of ERQ, BDI-II, & BAI were used. EQ and Suppression subscale don't have a significant correlation (r= 0.096) with each other. In addition, there were negative relationship between EQ and BDI-II (r=-0.543) and BAI (r=-0.359). Finally, Exploratory Factor Analysis identified two factors. This research provides promising evidence about psychometric properties of Farsi version of experiences questionnaire in non-clinical student population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Psychometric Properties of the Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist in Iranian Bereaved Families
marzie sharifi seyed ahmad ahmadi maryamosadat fatehizadeThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC) among Iranian bereaved families. The statistical population in this study included all bereaved families in Isfahan in 2011(1390S.C.). 280 bereaved people wer MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC) among Iranian bereaved families. The statistical population in this study included all bereaved families in Isfahan in 2011(1390S.C.). 280 bereaved people were selected via available sampling method. The data were gathered by Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (Hogan, Greenfield & Schmidt, 2001) , General Health Questionnaire-28 (Goldberg, 1972) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond ,1995) and demographic questionnaire . The exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation indicated 4 factors (dispair/ distress, personal growth, disorganization/ panic behavior, and anger & blame) in this scale. Internal consistency coefficients by Cronbach's Alpha for the 4 factors were between 0.92 to 0.98 . The criterion validity reveald high and significant correlation between HGRC subscales with General Health Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (P≤0.01). The discriminant validity, indicated that HGRC has the ability to distinguish between normal and pathological griefs. Therefore, the Persian version of HGRC has good reliability and validity for measuring grief reactions in Iranian population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Employee Barrier Stress among Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil
kheyrollah SarbolandThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in worker deterrent stress among employees of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The research method was a mixed type. Which was of a descriptive type in the qualitative sec MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in worker deterrent stress among employees of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The research method was a mixed type. Which was of a descriptive type in the qualitative section and surveying type in quantitative section The statistical population in the qualitative section was the experts in the field of psychology, academic elite and experts, and in the quantitative part it was the staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil. The sample size was 24 subjects in the qualitative section, and it was 217 in a random sampling method. The research instrument was interview in the qualitative section and in the quantitative part it was (Emotional regulation, Garanovsky et al., 2001), and occupational stress Osipo, 2007), Questionnaire. The validity of the quantitative tool (questionnaire) was a structural validity that was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and used to determine reliability Cronbach's alpha. Regarding the findings of the research in the qualitative section, a list of cognitive emotion regulation strategies including were identified. The findings also showed that among 9 hypotheses, negative strategies for cognitive emotion regulation such as self-blame, blame for others, mental rumination, catastrophic hypothesis have a positive and significant effect, However, adaptive emotional cognitive regulation strategies such as acceptance, re-attention to planning, positive re-focusing, positive re-evaluation, minor significance have a negative and meaningful effect on inhibitory stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigating Psychometric Properties of Quinn Program in Preschool Children
masoomeh Bazoolnejad Jahanshah Mohamadzadeh vahid ahmadi Kourosh Sayemir shahram mamiThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of quinn program in preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental and within the framework of a psychometric design. The statistical population of this study included all five year childre MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of quinn program in preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental and within the framework of a psychometric design. The statistical population of this study included all five year children at Moloud kindergartens in Tehran at the academic year 2017-18. For this purpose, 80 children with their mothers were selected by available sampling. The instrument for the study of the Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scale (Roid, 2005), Q-Set Attachment Security Questionnaire (Waters, 1987), Motivation for Doing Work in Children (Kielhofner & Geist, 1998), Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (Harrington, 2005), and Self- Control Questionnaire (Kendall & Wilcox, 1979). Exploratory Factor Analysis was used for data analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the components of follow of interests self, perseverance, perseverance, Language skills, knowledge/ comprehension, memory, math abilities, spatial visual argumentation, cognitive skills and skills the finite movement were the highest correlation with cognitive factor. The components curiosity, tolerate failure, and self-control with motivational factor; and attachment with communicational factor were correlated. The three cognitive, motivational and communication factors explain 71.37 percentage of the total variance. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists can use the Quinn program for improve the cognitive, motivational and communicative factors of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale among the Iranian Online Population
shalaleh hosseinnezhad hallaji Ali Khademi Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa Ahmad EsmaliThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale among the Iranian online population. The research method was psychometric study and the statistical population included all people active in social networking site MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale among the Iranian online population. The research method was psychometric study and the statistical population included all people active in social networking sites in during 2020 year. Sample size, 601 people were selected via convenience sampling. Data collection by online survey questionnaire of Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995), Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (Reid et al., 2011), and Zuckerman – kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (Aluja et al., 2006), and data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha test, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Pearson correlation and Independent t-Test. Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded two components: Physical Sexual Sensations Seeking and Risky Sexual Sensations Seeking, which together accounted for 56.29% of the total variance. Reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha 0/88 for the total scale, and 0/82 and 0/79 for each factor. Moreover, the scale had adequate convergent validity and was positively related to hypersexual behavior, neuroticism–anxiety, sensation seeking, and aggression-hostility (P<0/01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS) among Students
homeira varmaghani hamid poursharifi ali soleimani ali fathi AshtianiThe goal of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the State Shame and Guilt Scale among students. The method of this descriptive study was psychometric and of correlational plans and the sampling method was convenience samplin MoreThe goal of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the State Shame and Guilt Scale among students. The method of this descriptive study was psychometric and of correlational plans and the sampling method was convenience sampling. The research population includes all the students of public and Azad universities of Tehran and Alborz provinces who were studying in the academic year 1398-1399, initially 998 participants and then by including valid questionnaires 976 participants completed the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (Meyer, Miller, Metzger & Borkovec, 1990) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988), in addition to The State Shame and Guilt Scale (Marschall, Sanftner & Tangney, 1994). The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 10-item version of the State Shame and Guilt Scale has a two-factor structure in Iranian culture. The internal consistency of the scale was desirable and Cronbach's alpha was equaled to 0.91. The significant positive correlation between the scores of the State Shame and Guilt Scale and the scores of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (0.33) indicated a desired convergent validity, and the significant negative correlation between the scores of the State Shame and Guilt Scale and the scores of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (-0.30) indicated an optimal divergent validity (p<0/001). Based on the findings, it can be said that the Persian version of the State Shame and Guilt Scale, as a tool in accordance with the original version, can help experts in assessing the shame and guilt states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Whath"s behind the growth in homeschooling in Iran: A qualitative research
کورش فتحی واجارگاه اباصلت خراسانی محمد تقی رودیHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In MoreHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In this qualitative a sample of 9 families selected based on purposeful sampling and using the snowballing method. Method for gathering data included semi- structured interview and autobiography. Results shoe that economic factors were not considered as an effective to tendency to home schooling from the parent’s standpoint. Parents believed that the most important socio- cultural factors affecting the tendency to home schooling were as following being the competitive climate within schools, lack of the ethical education and human values in school curricula, educational experiences of parents and taking the responsibility from parents. In addition to, parents referred to this reasons as educational and pedagogical factors leading to homeschooling dissatisfaction with the school curricula, teaching methods and lack of autonomy in learning, attending to the interests and needs of child. Active methods and being opportunities for mutual learning. Centralization and politicization of education also mentioned as influential policies in tendency to home schooling. Results also indicate that tendency of parents to home schooling is not only because of dissatisfaction with schooling, but also because of positive homeschooling factors and incentives Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Relationship between the socio-economic status of family, reading activities at home, self-concept and attitude of students toward reading with reading literacy performance of the students (based on PIRLS studies, 2006)
Roqhaieh Amini Alireza Kiamanesh Roqhaieh GhorbaniThe present research was an attempt to investigate the role of socio-economic status of family, reading activities at home and student related variables (self-concept and students’ attitudes toward reading) in reading literacy performance based on PIRLS studies (2 MoreThe present research was an attempt to investigate the role of socio-economic status of family, reading activities at home and student related variables (self-concept and students’ attitudes toward reading) in reading literacy performance based on PIRLS studies (2006). PIRLS has been applied a three-stage stratified cluster design sampling method. After filtering the data, the research samples included 5411 students studying at the fourth grade of elementary school have participated in PIRS test. The used tools in PIRLS 2006 were reading literacy questions and a questionnaire. The used scales in this study were taken from reading background questionnaire for socio-economic status and reading activities at home, students’ questionnaire for self-concept, students’ attitudes toward reading and reading literacy. Total scores were based on Rasch model which was used structural equation modeling aimed to study direct effects, indirect effects and total effects of socio-economic status variable (exogenous variable) on reading activities at home, self-concept and students’ attitudes towards reading (endogenous variable). After confirming the latent variables, measurement models and fitting the structural complex model, the results showed that the surveyed model has got the required goodness of fit with the data. All effects of socio-economic status on the other endogenous variables were statistically significant. In conclusion, the results suggested that socio-economic status has a significant role in determining and predicting reading progress. Besides, due to the remarkable amount of the obtained variance from endogenous variables, the finding of this study can be applied to educational programs by researchers and all those involved in education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Comprehensiveness of the teachersâ and studentsâ rights in Islamic jurisprudence
سید حسین واعظی پونه مؤذنیSince the formation of early societies, the process of teaching and learning between the teacher and student has created reciprocal rights hence, it was the observing 0f such rights that led to the perfection of this process. This issue, also, has been highly taken into MoreSince the formation of early societies, the process of teaching and learning between the teacher and student has created reciprocal rights hence, it was the observing 0f such rights that led to the perfection of this process. This issue, also, has been highly taken into consideration in Islamic and, therefore, many books are written based on the various verses and tradition in this regard.This current study aims to explain the rules of Islamic law on the rights of teachers and students. The method applied is of a descriptive one. It should be noted that most of these writings have been made on the basis of rights and obligations of the teacher and student from ethical perspective, while the inclusion of Islamic jurisprudence has been ignored. However, the research findings refer to these rights from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, while considering the seventeen jurisprudence rules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Investigate the effect of instructional design model of Gagne and Briggs on learning, retention and motivation on academic achievement in science courses
راضیه برزگر خدیجه علی آبادیEducation is the most basic human needs. Without education, no society is able to continue to survive. However, effective education cannot be done by trial and error and it requires a design. This study was conducted according to the importance and effectiveness of inst MoreEducation is the most basic human needs. Without education, no society is able to continue to survive. However, effective education cannot be done by trial and error and it requires a design. This study was conducted according to the importance and effectiveness of instructional design models and specially the Gagne model in the field of educational activities on learning, retention and achievement mtivation of experimental sciences courses of the third-grade. Type of research was quasi – experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Statistical community of the research was all female students of the third–grade of Ahar in the academic year of 2009-10 by using cluster random sampling method. At first, it was selected a school and then two classes consisting of 25 students as samples and another class for the experimental group (25 students) and also other class as the control group (25 subjects). In order to assess the participants learning, retention and achievement motivation, a questionnaire (ISM) was used. The coefficient of reliability learning test by using the split-half method was 0.83 and coefficient of reliability achievement motivation by using the questionnaire (ISM) with Cronbach's alpha method was obtained 0.81. The method of conduction was the designed educational content (chapters 12, 13 and 14 science books) based on Gagne models for 8 sessions (every session for 45 minutes) and preparation tests, taught experimental group (n = 25) based on Gagne instructional design model and the control group (n = 25) based on the traditional method. After data collection, data analysis were performed by using the parameters of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance), and using SPSS software. The results showed that applying the Gagne instructional design model in the experimental science courses compared with traditional method could increase learning and retention, but there was no significant difference in the achievement motivation between the groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Whath
nader soleimani sara khaniHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In MoreHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In this qualitative a sample of 9 families selected based on purposeful sampling and using the snowballing method. Method for gathering data included semi- structured interview and autobiography. Results shoe that economic factors were not considered as an effective to tendency to home schooling from the parent’s standpoint. Parents believed that the most important socio- cultural factors affecting the tendency to home schooling were as following being the competitive climate within schools, lack of the ethical education and human values in school curricula, educational experiences of parents and taking the responsibility from parents. In addition to, parents referred to this reasons as educational and pedagogical factors leading to homeschooling dissatisfaction with the school curricula, teaching methods and lack of autonomy in learning, attending to the interests and needs of child. Active methods and being opportunities for mutual learning. Centralization and politicization of education also mentioned as influential policies in tendency to home schooling. Results also indicate that tendency of parents to home schooling is not only because of dissatisfaction with schooling, but also because of positive homeschooling factors and incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Effect of Motivational-Social Factors of Reading at Home and School on Reading Attitude of Fourth and Fifth Grades of Elementary Schoolâs Students
mohammad ahmadi dehghotbaddini hassan ahhadiThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the effect of home literacy environment, parents positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home and school environment on children’s positive reading attitude of fourth and fifth MoreThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the effect of home literacy environment, parents positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home and school environment on children’s positive reading attitude of fourth and fifth grades of elementary school’s students. To perform this correlational research, the methods and the required data by using the Chiu and Ko reading dimension questionnaire (2005) were applied from a sample of n=352 students in the fourth and fifth grades of Rafsanjan township through random clustered sampling. The data were analyzed using path analysis method. Results revealed that the direct effect of purposeful reading behavior of parents and family socioeconomic status on parents positive reading attitude was positive and significant. The effect of parent positive reading attitude on children’s positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home environment was positive and significant but on reading interactions in school was not significant. Results also revealed that the reading interactions at home and school environment had a significant effect on creation of children’s positive reading attitude, and the effect of reading interactions at home environment was stronger too. Other results revealed that mother’s positive reading attitude played a more important role in increasing of reading interactions and creation of children’s positive reading attitude at home environment with regard to the father’s attitude Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The effect of exploratory method on critical thinking and attitude towards science textbook of elementary school
حسین مومنی مهموئی مرتضی کرمی مریم سادات سید شریفی کاخکیHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In MoreHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In this qualitative a sample of 9 families selected based on purposeful sampling and using the snowballing method. Method for gathering data included semi- structured interview and autobiography. Results shoe that economic factors were not considered as an effective to tendency to home schooling from the parent’s standpoint. Parents believed that the most important socio- cultural factors affecting the tendency to home schooling were as following being the competitive climate within schools, lack of the ethical education and human values in school curricula, educational experiences of parents and taking the responsibility from parents. In addition to, parents referred to this reasons as educational and pedagogical factors leading to homeschooling dissatisfaction with the school curricula, teaching methods and lack of autonomy in learning, attending to the interests and needs of child. Active methods and being opportunities for mutual learning. Centralization and politicization of education also mentioned as influential policies in tendency to home schooling. Results also indicate that tendency of parents to home schooling is not only because of dissatisfaction with schooling, but also because of positive homeschooling factors and incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Homeschooling; Apportunity or threat in Iran's education system?!
Bahare Soleimani Majid Aliasgari Ali Hosseinikhah Mohammad AttaranTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of the homeschooling, its place inside and outside the country, and the aspect of the opportunity or threat thereof in Iran. To achieve this explanation, using a synthesis research methodology, a total of 127 stu MoreTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of the homeschooling, its place inside and outside the country, and the aspect of the opportunity or threat thereof in Iran. To achieve this explanation, using a synthesis research methodology, a total of 127 studies were studied. Afterwards, 95 works including books, essays and theses were selected through systematic selection, content analysis and categorization. The criteria for selecting these studies were to study the above components for 1976-1976 for 60 external documents and 1991-2017 in 35 internal works. Then, a combination of findings was presented in accordance with the principles of integration, rethinking and re-mapping of data. At the end of each section, aggregate findings and general conclusions are presented as needed. The results showed that due to some educational factors such as lack of facilities, memory, lack of creativity, Axial book, etc., as well as value factors such as conflict of religious and social values, attention to the interests of children, the love of the homeschooling, and the use of This approach is an educational opportunity; it's over its threatening dimensions, such as lack of legalization, time consuming, lack of control tools, and so on. Considering the new educational approaches, breaking the monopoly of formal education and conducting applied research in this field, is presented as a suggestion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Analysis of the relationship between morphometric properties and erodibility using topographic position index in the Pivehzhen binalod
Mahnaz Naemitabar Mohammad Ali Zanganeh Asadi Rahman ZandiBackground and Objective The morphometric parameters of the catchment are very suitable indicators for the analysis of geomorphological processes. Erosion studies and sediment production are among the most important research carried out by geoscientists, especially geom MoreBackground and Objective The morphometric parameters of the catchment are very suitable indicators for the analysis of geomorphological processes. Erosion studies and sediment production are among the most important research carried out by geoscientists, especially geomorphologists, to implement soil and water conservation programs, reduce erosion, change the hydraulic flow of rivers, and prevent the reduction of reservoir dam lake capacity. To measure the geometric (geometric) characteristics of a river, the term morphometry or river shaping is used. In fact, morphometrics is the quantitative analysis of the geomorphic features of landforms in an area. Morphometric analysis is one of the effective methods for prioritizing sub-basins that can indicate the status of the drainage network of the basin. Investigation of morphometric features of the Piveh Gene watershed is based on morphometric and geomorphometric indices. Considering the importance of studying morphometric characteristics in watershed studies and examining the degree of erosion in this study, the aim is to analyze the morphometric features with the type of landform and predict the amount of erosion through landforms.Materials and Methods In the present study, for morphometric analysis, ArcGIS software, a digital elevation model (DEM) with an accuracy of 20 meters, prepared from 1:50,000 digital topographic maps of the National Mapping Organization and Aster satellite images were used. Has been. To extract the number of waterways, ArcView software, a digital terrestrial model (DEM), has been used. For the slope parameter and the slope direction and height of the study area, we used a topographic map and a digital elevation model of the earth. In order to prepare the drainage density parameter, the existing elevation waterways were extracted from the digital elevation model using the module (Spectral indices) in Archydro and the digital elevation model of the Aster satellite. A threshold of 25-50 cells was selected for drainage network extraction and the drainage network was plotted. In the last step, waterways were classified by astral method and morphometric parameters were extracted. To separate the landforms of the region, a digital model of height with a resolution of 20 meters was used and then the type of landforms were identified based on TPI or topographic position index and according to equation TPIi = Z0 – Σ n-1 Zn/n (Z0 Model point height under evaluation, Zn The height of the grid, n The total number of surrounding points considered in the evaluation) comparing the height of each cell in a digital model TPI, Height is adjacent to the average height of the cells. Finally, the average height decreases from the height value in the center.Results and Discussion Morphometric parameters studied in this paper include the number of streams (Nu), the rank of streams (U), the length of streams (L), bifurcation coefficient (Rb), roughness coefficient (Bb), drainage density (Dd), frequency of streams (F), shape factor (Rf), roundness coefficient (Rc) and rectangle coefficient are equivalent (Re). The results showed that according to the number of waterways (184 waterways), the existence of first, second, and third-degree waterways, the length of waterways, the high ratio of waterway lengths to the area of the basin, and the high unevenness coefficient of the erodible area And requires optimal planning and management. Also, landform studies in the study area showed that with the help of morphometric features, they determined the susceptibility of landforms to erosion in the area. So that after preparing the landforms using the topographic position index (TPI) and considering erosion-sensitive areas through morphometric features, erosion-sensitive landforms in the study area were identified. By comparing the landform map and the erosion zoning map of the study area, it was found that Class 2 landforms (U-shaped valley) and Class 4 landforms (high drains) have the highest erosion. The results showed that with increasing the drainage density, the amount of erosion increases.Conclusion After mapping the landforms using the topographic position index (TPI) and considering erosion-sensitive areas through morphometric features, erosion-sensitive landforms in the study area were identified. So that the increase in the number of waterways and their length in the watershed indicates an increase in erosion. Then, the topographic position index (TPI), which distinguishes between hollow and bulge, was considered as one of the geomorphometric indicators. The lower and upper limits of the index (TPI) for the study area were calculated as -39.21 and 33.51, respectively. Areas with negative TPI indicate low topography (concavities and pits) while areas with positive TPI indicate high topography (convex or ridges). The presence of dimples and holes (in areas with low TPI) increases the latency of surface currents in the area and causes water infiltration, which in turn can have a significant impact on the storage of precipitation and surface runoff. Have. The results of studies of morphometric parameters indicate that the erodibility conditions of the region are more favorable and the situation is critical. Analysis of classified data showed that the area and length of the canal are effective in erosion. By comparing the landforms map and the waterways map of the study area, it was found that the 4th floor landforms (U-shaped valleys) and the 3rd-floor landforms (high drainages) have the highest erodibility. Also, with an increasing degree of unevenness, the amount of erosion in the area increases, which in landforms located at high altitudes, such as ridges (Class 8 and 10 landforms), the highest amount and, consequently, the highest sensitivity of these landforms are determined. Class 3 locations have the highest drainage density. Due to its natural features, morphometric and physiographic features, the study area is round, which makes the time of short concentration and literal peak larger and more prone to flooding. By examining other morphological components, we came to the conclusion that the study area is prone to erosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Developing a strategy for the use of the Internet of Things in Shiraz residential buildings with a combined DANP-SWOT approach
reza tahmasebi ardalan feiliIntroduction: In this research, by using the combined DANP-SWOT approach, strategies for the use of the Internet of Things in residential buildings in Shiraz were discussed. A list of 21 factors in four clusters of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats was c MoreIntroduction: In this research, by using the combined DANP-SWOT approach, strategies for the use of the Internet of Things in residential buildings in Shiraz were discussed. A list of 21 factors in four clusters of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats was compiled based on the literature review.Method: By having the points and drawing the SPACE diagram, the strengths of the research were superior to its weaknesses, and the opportunities ahead were superior to the environmental threats, so we reached the strategic offensive position (SO)Results: Finally, nine offensive strategies for the application of the Internet of Things in the residential buildings of Shiraz City were explained. Also, based on the points extracted based on the DANP-SWOT combined approach, the factors of quality of life, sustainable development, and cost reduction were the most important factors in the strength cluster. Lack of knowledge and privacy security were two of the most important factors in the weakness cluster. The factors of demand and economic growth were the most important factors in the opportunity cluster, and finally, the factors of cultural challenge, laws, and standards were the most important factors in the threat cluster.Discussion: By determining the priority of the research factors, suggestions for education and awareness for end consumers were made, and solutions such as banking facilities and tax exemptions were proposed in order to standardize and facilitate laws to encourage people to use the Internet of Things in smart residential homes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Allometric Growth Patterns and Morphological Development of the Common Bream (Abramis brama) During Early Development Under Cultural Condition
Mohammad Reza Sahraein Soheil Eagderi Arash Zibaee Gholam Reza Rafiee Reza KhomeiraniInroduction & Objective: Early development and allometric growth pattern is an important feature during early development of fishes that are related to their priorities for increasing survival and adaptation to environmental factors. Hence, this research was conducted t MoreInroduction & Objective: Early development and allometric growth pattern is an important feature during early development of fishes that are related to their priorities for increasing survival and adaptation to environmental factors. Hence, this research was conducted to study the allometric growth patterns and morphological development of common bream (Abramis brama) during its early development from hatching upto 60 days post hatching (dph)under cultural condition.Materials and Methods: For this purpose common bream larvae were reared for two months until fingerling stage. The larvae were sampled from hatching upto 60 day post hatching (dph). Then Morphometric parameters obtained from 2D pictures of specimens using the software ImageJ and allometric growth pattern was calculated as a power function of total length using non-transformed data: Y=axbResults:The results showed that the early development of this species can be divided into four stages based on their allometric growth patterns and development of morphological characteristics. Stage I or larval stage is occurred from hatching upto 6 dph and during this stage, the inflexion points of the tail length and head and body depths are occurred at 5 and 6 dph, respectively. Second developmental stage or the post larval stage (6-18 dph), includes inflexion points of the total weight at 11dph, head length and eye diameter at 14dph and, the caudal peduncle depth at 18 dph. Stages III or per-juvenile stage (18-35 dph) consists the inflexion points of the snout and trunk lengths at 25 and 35 dph, respectively. Forth developmental stage is started from 35 dph upward and at this stage fish is obtained the miniature shape of its adult. ConclusionThe results revealed that priorities of the common bream during early developmental stages include development of the swimming ability, respiration structures, and sense organssituated in the head region and then feeding apparatus that may be in agreement with its ecological shifts during its ontogeny. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Study of Changes Histomorphometry Spleen in Rats with Pregnancy and Lactation
elham Etemadi Akbar Karimi Ali Asghar PilevarianInroduction & Objective: Major changes occurred in the mother's body during pregnancy, sometimes these changes for both mother and fetus at risk by recognizing the changes in the conditions of a woman's pregnancy can be managed. In this study, histomorphometry changes o MoreInroduction & Objective: Major changes occurred in the mother's body during pregnancy, sometimes these changes for both mother and fetus at risk by recognizing the changes in the conditions of a woman's pregnancy can be managed. In this study, histomorphometry changes of spleen tissue during pregnancy and lactation in female Wistar rats were studied.Materials and Methods:In this study, 54 Wistar rats (12 male and 42 female) with an average weight of 220-240 g and after breeding and observation of vaginal plug 18 pregnant rats into 3 groups of 6 rats and 6 Rat non-pregnant adult female as control groups, and including the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups, control, 10 and 20 of pregnancy and the first week of lactation were divided. Then the rats were dissected and spleen tissue for histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin out and were. In cases the number of macrophages, white pulp megakaryocytes and diameter were evaluated. Statistical analysis ANOVA and Duncan test were examined. Results:The results indicated that in spleen tissue number of macrophages at 10 and 20 and diameter(P ConclusionProcesses of pregnancy increases changes done in spleen tissue included increases white pulp and macrophages. These changes are dependent on mother's immune system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The Protective Effects of Royal Jelly on the Histomorphometric ,Hormonal Alternation and Oxidative Stress in Ofloxacin Treated Male Rat
Ghodrat Ebadi ManasInroduction & Objective: Royal jelly is a compound that is produced by the worker honey bees. This compound has antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study were to determine protective role of royal jelly on decrease side MoreInroduction & Objective: Royal jelly is a compound that is produced by the worker honey bees. This compound has antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study were to determine protective role of royal jelly on decrease side effects of ofloxacin and return reproductive function near normal rang in ofloxacin treated male ratMaterial and Methods:In this experimental work used 32 male albino rats that each has body weight between 160-18o gand accidentally divided to 4 groups: ofloxacin, royal jelly , ofloxacin with royal jelly and control. Each group included 8 rats. Dosage for ofloxacin group was 216 mg/kg.BW ofloxacin and for royal jelly group was 100 mg/kg.BW royal jelly. Royal Jelly with ofloxacin group received 216 mg/kg ofloxacin and100 mg/kg royal jelly. Control group received distilled water at dose of 216 mg/kg.BW. All groups received dose - related daily for 28 days orally. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA and used Turkey HSD Post-test to compare the significance of difference. Results: After exposure ofloxacin results revealed thatdiameter of seminiferous tubules, thickness of epithelium seminiferous tubules, weight testes,FSH, LH, testosterone, TTM ,TAOCand RI in compared to control significance decline,but distance between seminiferous tubule ,TDI , SI, MDA and NO significanceincreased. All parameters were improved to near normal rang level after exposure royal jelly.Conclusion:This investigation revealed that ofloxacin has negative effect on histomorphometry and reproductive function in mature male rats,but at the same time if you use royal jelly it is protects against ofloxacin and retune to normal rang. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Anatomical and morphometrical Study of Tympanic membrane in Adult River Buffalo
سید رشید هاشمی رسول شهروز فرهاد سلطانعلی نژاد غلامرضا نجفیBackgroung & aim: Buffalo has a special role in the economy of more than forty countries and theirs numbers and distributions is growing every year. The tympanic membrane is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and this ossicle important MoreBackgroung & aim: Buffalo has a special role in the economy of more than forty countries and theirs numbers and distributions is growing every year. The tympanic membrane is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology. There is no anatomical and morphometrical research performed on this organ in buffalo.Materials and methods: For this study 8 heads of male and female buffalo were purchased from slaughterhouse and their tympanic membrane were studied anatomical and morphologically. Results: The anatomical results showed tympanic membrane was elliptical and white to pink white. Pars flaccida of tympanic membrane was small and triangle and in some cases was rectangle, in addition pars tensa of tympanic membrane was large and oval shape. The average measurement of parameters showed the size of tympanic membrane in female is larger than male, and right side also was larger than left side. Statistical analysis Tukey showed these differences were not significant (p≤0/05). Conclusion: The results of this research can be used as the basic knowledge in clinical research for buffalo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Histology, Histochemistry and Histomorphometry Study of Tympanic Membrane in the Adult River Buffalo
سید رشید هاشمی فرهاد سلطانعلی نژاد غلامرضا نجفی رسول شهروزInroduction & Objective:Buffalo is an economic animal in Livestock areas. Buffalo has two types: swamp buffalo and river buffalo. The tympanic membrane or ear drum is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. There is no histological an MoreInroduction & Objective:Buffalo is an economic animal in Livestock areas. Buffalo has two types: swamp buffalo and river buffalo. The tympanic membrane or ear drum is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. There is no histological and histochemical research performed on this organ in buffalo. Material and Method:For this study 8 heads of male and female buffalo were purchased from slaughterhouse and their tympanic membrane were studied histomorphometry , histological and histochemically with H&E, Verhoff, PAS and MTC staining. Results: The result showed Tympanic membrane had three layers of Epithelial layer, connective tissue and mucosal layer. In Epithelial layer Epithelium was stratified squamous and in mucosal layer epithelium was simple squamous. Connective tissue wasvery thick and its collagen fibers types was arranged in radial and circular manner. The most types of connective cells were fibroblast. Collagen and elastic fibers were in both parts of tympanic membrane, but pars flaccida of tympanic membrane had more elastic fibers and in contrast it’s pars tensa of tympanic membrane had more collagen fibers. The highest density of collagen fiber observed in left tympanic membrane of female buffalo and lowest density of collagen fiber was in left tympanic membrane of male buffalo. Conclusion: Overalls result showed tympanic membrane in buffalo had Similarities and differences with ruminants and other animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Evaluation of Multi-Enzyme Effect on Performance and Intestinal Morphological of Broiler Chickens Fed by Tomato Pomace
Hasan Lotfi Bahman Navidshad MuhammadReza Assadi Farzad MirzaeiAghjehgheshlagh Reza Behmaram Afsaneh DadashiOrange ali Kalantari-HesariAbstractInroduction & Objective: Tomato pulp is one of the by-products of the food industry that is produced in large quantities in Iran and due to the high percentage of fiber, its level of consumption in broiler diets may be limited.Therefore, the aim of this stud MoreAbstractInroduction & Objective: Tomato pulp is one of the by-products of the food industry that is produced in large quantities in Iran and due to the high percentage of fiber, its level of consumption in broiler diets may be limited.Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the nutritional value of tomato pulp using a multivalent enzyme in the nutrition of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: In this experimentthebroiler chicks fed diets without tomato pulp and enzyme (control), containing 5% tomato pomace without enzyme, containing 5% tomato pomace and 0.2% multi-enzyme, containing 10% tomato pomace without enzyme and 10% tomato pomace and 0.2% multi-enzyme for 42 days.Results: During the Finisher and the whole the experiment period, chicks fed different levels of tomato pomace with enzyme had a higher weight gain than enzyme free comparable diets (P<0.05). There was an increase in the the empty gizzard weight in chickens fed 5% tomato pomace with enzyme compared to the control group and also the 10% tomato pomace and enzyme group (P <0.05).Serum lipids including cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were not affected by the experimental diets, but diets containing tomato pomace had higher HDL concentration than the control group (P <0.05). The villi height of jejunum and ileum of chicks fed 5% tomato pomace with enzyme was significantly higher than other treatments, but highest amount of villi of jejunum and ileum was observed in the group fed 5% tomato pomace without enzym. (P <0.05).The 10% level of tomato pomace reduced feed cost per unit of live weight gain by 5%.Conclusion: The results of this study showed a positive effect of multi-enzyme use on increasing the nutritional value of tomato pomace up to 10% of broiler diet.. Manuscript profile -
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143 - Effect of feeding potato waste powder processed with multi-enzyme on growth and blood and intestinal parameters of broilers
Ali Ebadi Bahman Navidshad Hossein Mohebodini Farzad MIrzaei AghjegheshlaghIntroduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potato waste on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Material and Methods: The study carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replic MoreIntroduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potato waste on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Material and Methods: The study carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replications, 14 broiler chicks each. The experimental diets were consisted of three levels of potato wastes (0, 15 and 25%) and two levels of multi-enzyme (0 and 0.2%). Results: Feed intake was not affected by the type of experimental diet during the growth period, the final period and the whole rearing period. Daily weight gain was not significantly different between the experimental groups but at the end of the experiment and the control group was better than other treatments. Growth conversion factor was lower in the potato-treated groups than in the control group. In the final period, the feed conversion ratio in the control group was significantly lower than the other experimental groups and this was also observed throughout the rearing period. It had no effect on carcass percentage, and relative weights of pancreas, liver, bursa Fabricius, spleen and heart. The ratio of intestinal length to live weight in birds fed 25% of potato lesions was higher than other groups. Potato lesions in the diet increased the relative weight of the gizzard and decreased abdominal fat compared to the control group (P<0.05). Canclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of potato plus enzyme in relation to different levels of non-enzyme potato wastes had a positive effect on HDL cholesterol, intestinal morphometery and body weight gain in broilers. Manuscript profile -
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144 - A tri-level optimization model for utilizing the potential of IoT-based subscribers and electric vehicles in energy and ancillary services markets
Leyla Karami Amir Ahmarinejad Mahmood Hosseini Aliabadi Arash DanaThis paper presents a tri-level model for the simultaneous management of energy and ancillary services markets between transmission and distribution networks integrated with renewable energy sources, smart homes based on the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles. In MoreThis paper presents a tri-level model for the simultaneous management of energy and ancillary services markets between transmission and distribution networks integrated with renewable energy sources, smart homes based on the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles. In the first level of the proposed model, smart homes plan their participation in the energy and regulation markets and send it to the distribution network operator. In the second level, the operators of the distribution networks plan their area according to the programs received from the smart homes and determine their strategy for participation in the energy, reservation and adjustment markets. In the third level, the strategy of distribution networks is sent to the operator of the transmission system so that the final planning of the energy, reservation and adjustment markets can be done according to them. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved by GUROBI solver in GAMS. The implementation of the proposed model showed that this model was able to significantly use the potential of subscribers based on the Internet of Things, electric vehicles, storage systems and demand response programs to improve the technical aspects of transmission and distribution networks as well as to improve the economic aspects of energy markets and ancillary services. Manuscript profile -
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145 - Mystical Explanation Of Imam Khomeini on the Instinctive Divine Appellation
Farhad Divsalar Monireh SeyedMazhariInstinct with certain adjective out of set of adjectives and certain name out of set of names is called appellation. Just like other kinds of mystics, in one way Imam Khomeini divides the divine appellations into instinctive, adjectival, and action-based ones. With a di MoreInstinct with certain adjective out of set of adjectives and certain name out of set of names is called appellation. Just like other kinds of mystics, in one way Imam Khomeini divides the divine appellations into instinctive, adjectival, and action-based ones. With a different view, he assumes the three fold divine appellations to be based on the level of observation the observers made and the heartfelt manifestation by mystics and epistemologists. In a way done by epistemologists, Imam divides the divine appellations into two types. First, the influential appellations which God has selected them for Himself, and any knowledge about them is exclusively on His own. The second one, instinctive appellations whose evidences are manifest in the world and will be recognized through their impacts and philosophy. Agreed by most mystics, the status of eternity is an influential appellation which is left in the unknown nature of God and will never be manifest in the world. Unlike this viewpoint, Imam Khomeini believes that these kinds of appellations just like other divine appellations are manifest in the world but the source of manifestation of the appellation would be chosen by the Almighty to keep the relation of objects to God. Also, upon the interpretation of the Koranic sura “Hamd” and the ‘Hashr’ sura, he had a mystical comment on instinct appellations that are manifest in the world. He expressed his opposition on conventional interpretation of the two instinct appellations of Alrahman and Alrahim by mystics saying that Alrahman means God of the first wisdom while Alrahim means God of the overall spirit Manuscript profile -
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146 - An Analysis Of Returning to Original Homeland in Masnavi and Robab Nameh
Shahriar Hassan-ZadehThe explorer man has always been in quest of recognizing his origin and his primitive status and has desired to return there so that it is through this attitude that he has formed his glorious life. Investigation on mystical texts discloses the man's inherent tendency t MoreThe explorer man has always been in quest of recognizing his origin and his primitive status and has desired to return there so that it is through this attitude that he has formed his glorious life. Investigation on mystical texts discloses the man's inherent tendency to his original homeland. Literature, in a topical comparison, with the name of nostalgia which is of the psychology discussions, in the sense of returning to a land where man has left behind his memoirs, summarizes it with yearning and pain in his ups and downs of his life. It can be said that nostalgia and the problem of returning to the original homeland has a luminous sense which has attracted the attention of the mystics. From the point of view of mysticism, the speculation of reunification to original homeland is the alienation from self and joining the main origin of humanity. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi had special attention to the problem of nostalgia ( desire to return to the homeland ), and in the Masnavi he ties the grief of the homesickness with the sweetness of returning. Soltanwalad, Maulana's eldest son, in the Robab Nameh, by utilizing the themes of Masnavi's soul, has set normal steps forward in this case. The aim of the present essay is to show, as far as possible, the strange nostalgic atmosphere which becomes hidden in the clamor of music and robab. Manuscript profile -
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147 - Practical Spiritual Journey in the Light of Philosophical Mysticism: Imam Khomeini's Interpretation of Farghani's Spiritual Positions
Gholamreza Hosseinpour Mohammad SaeedimehrQunavi’s Miftah al-Ghayb is the most important work that was written in the knowledge of theoretical mysticism and also Fanari’s Misbah al-Uns as detailed description on Miftahal-Ghayb, having shared in arguing mystical topics. But the last chapter at the beginning of t MoreQunavi’s Miftah al-Ghayb is the most important work that was written in the knowledge of theoretical mysticism and also Fanari’s Misbah al-Uns as detailed description on Miftahal-Ghayb, having shared in arguing mystical topics. But the last chapter at the beginning of the Misbahal-Uns, is devoted to spiritual journey that Fanari in this chapter states the way of Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, in Manazelal-Saerin that, in fact, rewriting Farghani’s design in Montahal-Madarek, because Farghani, Khwaja Abdullah’s spiritual stations of the journey in accordance with the principles of the his master’s school, Qunavi, written and practical mysticism is studied from the perspective of philosophical mysticism. Imam Khomeini also has writing commentaries on this chapter of Misbah al-Uns that considers Khwaja Abdullah’swaystations, with Farghani statementand designs newfound points, particularly in terms of theoretical mysticism. Indeed, the commentaries are Imam Khomeini’s reading of Farghani’swaystations of the wayfar, thatin total, has written empathetic. Manuscript profile -
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148 - Love in Imam Khomeini’s Mystical Poems
Aghdas Jahangiri, Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Farajollah Barati Maryam BakhtyarImam Khomeini believes that the concept of love is covered by the necessity of covering the divine essence. On the one hand, he believes that the universe is all the shadow of the beloved, even the love of the mountain and nature belongs to the beloved, and on the other MoreImam Khomeini believes that the concept of love is covered by the necessity of covering the divine essence. On the one hand, he believes that the universe is all the shadow of the beloved, even the love of the mountain and nature belongs to the beloved, and on the other hand, he has described the absolute beloved in secret, to the extent that even the use of the words of the unseen is inward. He also knows about the divine nature from necessity and urgency. The language of lyricism and joyful information and romantic themes and reckless expressions do not leave room for mysticism to study and discuss, and if there is a trace and fruit of mysticism, it is its lip and essence, which knocks on the door of love like a ring and says need. Innovation in this research is mystical love in Imam Khomeini's poems, which has not been done in any research so far Manuscript profile -
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149 - A Semantic Analysis of the Alawite Truth in Imam Khomeini's Mystical Works
narjes roodgarAlawite truth (Haghighat-e Alawieh) is a mystical term which has been already taken from Ibn Arabi’s works and his commentators, but has taken a more serious place in Shiite mysticism. Have done. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the place of Alawite trut MoreAlawite truth (Haghighat-e Alawieh) is a mystical term which has been already taken from Ibn Arabi’s works and his commentators, but has taken a more serious place in Shiite mysticism. Have done. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the place of Alawite truth in the discussions of theoretical mysticism in Imam Khomeini's thought. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The origin of the term Alawite truth, 2. The objectivity of Haghighat-e Mohammadieh and Alawieh, 3. Haghighat-e Mohammadieh in Mysticism, 4. Haghighat-e Mohammadieh and Alawiyah is the only channel of care and love for the people, 5. Alawite truth is from the world of matter, 6. The place of Alawite truth in the creation and legislation, 7. Srian Haghighat Mohammadiyeh and Alavi in the levels of existence, 8. The Antioch of Martyrdom to Ali PBUH in Martyrdom to the Prophet and God, 9. The truth of Alawite is infinite, 10. Alawite truth is the heart of the whole world, 11. The necessity of obeying Imam Ali, 12. Ali, peace be upon him, inside the Qur'an, 13. The relationship between Alawite and Mahdist provinces, 14. Ahl al-Bayt, people of Alawite truth Haghighat-e Alawieh Manuscript profile -
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150 - Imam Khomeini’s Mysticism and Critique of Ashou
Mohamadhasan Mohamadi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Amir Javanarasteh Hosein KhosraviAshou is one of the emerging Hindu mystics, the so-called secular mysticism, and his arguments include the basics: the denial of the religion of the Gods, and the introduction of the divine religion, the denial of the religions and the past. His mysticism has characteri MoreAshou is one of the emerging Hindu mystics, the so-called secular mysticism, and his arguments include the basics: the denial of the religion of the Gods, and the introduction of the divine religion, the denial of the religions and the past. His mysticism has characteristics that can include: meditation, Relativism, and much, inner authenticity, reincarnation, and intellectuality, this mysticism leads mankind to selfishness and self-esteem so that everything, even God, becomes a means of gaining the benefit of the self-interest of all mankind towards the delights of the material and material world. To social reality,. In this article, the mystical principles of Imam Khomeini (PBUH) that the Qur'an, the prayers of the Imams' Imams (as), and the mystical aspects of Imam Khomeini (RA) were expressed that in fact the mysticism of the Imam has original attributes that, on the one hand, make their way to the distinct emerging mysticisms of now On the other hand, his interpretation of the world was based on the Holy Qur'an and the infallible tradition of Allah (PBUH) as well as paying attention to spirituality in individual aspects, and also the social aspects, as the source of the establishment of the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran . Manuscript profile -
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151 - The Role of Mysticism in Imam Khomeini's literature during the Political Struggle before the Revolution
Morteza Sarfi bahram dalir naghadeh Mohammad Javad RudgarImam Khomeini in various fields of science such as jurisprudence, philosophy, mysticism, interpretation and politics has been acknowledged and acknowledged by the people of art and expertise, and consequently valuable works, both spoken and written by him for the people MoreImam Khomeini in various fields of science such as jurisprudence, philosophy, mysticism, interpretation and politics has been acknowledged and acknowledged by the people of art and expertise, and consequently valuable works, both spoken and written by him for the people of thought and thought. Imam Khomeini, the jurist of the Society of Conditions, and a mujtahid were aware of the requirements of the time. Minor mastery of jurisprudential issues on the one hand and the ability to properly analyze current issues, on the other hand, has made his writings among the best and most influential works. The present article examines the role of mysticism in the literature of Imam Khomeini (ra) during the political struggle before the Islamic Revolution. The present article is a descriptive-analytical and the mentioned subject has been studied using the library method. The results of the research indicate that mysticism has played an influential role in the literature of Imam Khomeini during the political struggle before the Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, Imam Khomeini during the political struggle before the Islamic Revolution in interaction with the clergy, the Great Hijab, dynamic and traditional ijtihad, students at home and abroad, the general public, the army and during the capitulation and uprising of June 6 (15th of Khordad) of literature he has used mysticism. Manuscript profile -
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152 - Comparative Study of Human Nature in Imam Khomeini’s and Ayatollah Shah’abadi’s the Analytical Views
Firuzeh Ebrahimi Farajollah Barati Maryam Bakhtyar Ali Akbar AfrasiabpourNature and mysticism are two topics that have different structures and can be studied with different formulations. In this research, we try to analyze the analytical views about mystical nature and behavior in the intellectual and epistemological systems of Imam Khomein MoreNature and mysticism are two topics that have different structures and can be studied with different formulations. In this research, we try to analyze the analytical views about mystical nature and behavior in the intellectual and epistemological systems of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Ayatollah Shah’abadi (RA). In order to identify their intellectual and epistemological attitudes, we must first identify the ontological and anthropological mystical foundations of human nature and then, the characteristics of natur and mystical path, dimensions of nature, the relationship between intellectual knowledge and intuitive knowledge (mystical behavior), love and human nature. We analyzed Imam Khomeini’s and Ayatollah Shah’abadi’s perspectives and finally compared their epistemological intellectual foundations. The results of the research indicate that Ayatollah Shaha’abadi (RA) is a turning point in the historical evolution of the theory of human nature. His remarkable innovation in relation to human nature shows the prominence of his work because he linked the theory of human nature to the topics of psychology and practical wisdom, and has relied on the requirements of human nature to abstract the soul and provide a practical solution for life. Imam Khomeini formulated a systematic theory regarding mystical nature and behavior. He has linked human nature to the position of absolute governor. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
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153 - Study of Divine Love and Affection in the Creation of the Universe (Based on the Verses of Quran from Imam Khomeini’s Point of View
Mahnaz Kaeian Hosseini Maryam Bakhtyar Ali YarhosseiniDiscussion of divine love is one of the interesting topics, especially, in Islamic mysticism that has forced many mystics and thinkers to explain and expand them according to the relevant verses of Quran. Also, Imam Khomeini in his works he dealt with this issue, by Pav MoreDiscussion of divine love is one of the interesting topics, especially, in Islamic mysticism that has forced many mystics and thinkers to explain and expand them according to the relevant verses of Quran. Also, Imam Khomeini in his works he dealt with this issue, by Paving the way the verses and narrations on the other hand, and also, with the influence of the elders of the valley of mysticism and knowledge, that in this study, We try to discuss and description about it by use of library method and collection of materials and content analysis. What emerges from his works, indicates that both universe and the creation of man are the product of divine love and affection. Such love and affection, can lead him back from this earthly world to the rest of world, if found in the seeker of path of truth, that, of course, it is possible in the shadow of acting on the rules and law that God asked of servant, and The concept “We are from God and turn to God” realized about it. From the perspective of Imam, divine love is similar to a fire that is kindled in lover heart from beginning of creation, and in order to achieve it, one must to get help from purification and cultivation of the soul, which attribute that seeks to purify the self from impurities and obstacles and mundane and material veils that appears inside devotee, and enabling devotee to discover kingdom and meet God based on verses of the Quran. Manuscript profile -
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154 - Mystical Nostalgia of Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji
Somayyeh Abdullahi Nejad Mohammadreza Zaman Ahmadi Abdurreza MoharreszadehLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with MoreLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with the thinking, sensation, and behavior of humankind. In Sufism and Islamic mysticism, nostalgia is remarkable presence having meaningful dimensions and various interpretations. In addition, nostalgia is the most impressive psychological activities in Persian literature, especially in the eighth century for which there are two mystical poets, namely Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji. This paper investigates through descriptive analytic methodology aimed at the study of the poems by Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji on the mystical nostalgia to explain the different types of nostalgia and the causes pertinent to that notion from their standpoint. The most significant thing this paper accomplishes is the identification of various factors affecting the mind and thought of the poet and its reflection on the better understanding and relation with their poems. The original staying away from home country and real beloved is the nostalgic themes of their works. The results of this paper explains why Salman Savoji, like Khaju Kermani, has felt the mystical nostalgia arisen from distance from real beloved and original homeland. After a short introduction on the multifaceted concepts of traditional, modern, and postmodern nostalgia, the writer deals with the explanation and account of nostalgic idea and its subdivisions in Khaju Kermani’s and Salman Savoji’s divans with reference to dictionaries and reference sources and articles, and thereafter, he mentions some evidences of their literature for each subject matter. Manuscript profile -
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155 - Comparative Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Interpretation Method and Tabatabaei's
Hasan Vahhabpour Mohammad Hossein Saeini Farhad EdrisiBy considering the scientific, mystic and political personality of Imam Khomeini on the one hand, and the scientific and mystical character of Tabatabaei on the other hand, we are going to survey the view of two great persons as declared. The return to the Qur'an and th MoreBy considering the scientific, mystic and political personality of Imam Khomeini on the one hand, and the scientific and mystical character of Tabatabaei on the other hand, we are going to survey the view of two great persons as declared. The return to the Qur'an and the Muslim holy book is something that is well reflected in the interpretation and interpretive views of the interpreters. Research method in this paper is based on the writings and speeches of Imam Khomeini which has been investigated comparatively in Tabatabaeis' interpretation of Quran verses. By clarifying the views of Imam Khomeini and Tabatabaei, the importance of Quran in their social and personal life is revealed. Other verses of the Quran can be interpreted by using similar interpretation method. Manuscript profile -
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156 - Manifestation of Velayat in God’s Substitution from Imam Khomeini’s Mystical Viewpoint
Salamullah Kazemkhani Khosrow ZafarnavaeAccording to the mystical attitude, a perfect man is the overall reflection of the Almighty and is an evidence for a perfect creature who manifests the willing of the inner, attributive, and active intuition of God, and in fact it manifests the divine attributes and qua MoreAccording to the mystical attitude, a perfect man is the overall reflection of the Almighty and is an evidence for a perfect creature who manifests the willing of the inner, attributive, and active intuition of God, and in fact it manifests the divine attributes and qualities.That is why it implies that a perfect man is literally analogous to the divinity of God, in a sense and concept that though it is not God and lacks the dignity and power of God, due to the divine role as a substitution of God on earth, he possesses pure outstanding positions that makes him entitled to be called the decent substitution of God in the universe.This paper is based on the assumption that from Imam Khomeini’s standpoint, one can comprehend and extract an allegorical divinity for a perfect man in the world through which the perfect man can deal with the worldly affairs. Accordingly, to arrive at this point, it is necessary at first to have a discussion of the matter briefly from the standpoints of mystics and Islamic intellectuals and then present and explain Imam Khomeini’s thoughts respectively. Manuscript profile -
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157 - Analysis of Love from the Perspective of Sheikh Ala'd-Dowlah Biyabanaki and Imam Khomein
Saeid Karkeabadi parvin dokht mash hoor Farzad Abbasi Mahbubeh ZiakhodadianLove is one of the fundamental issues of mysticism, so that without considering that mysticism and transcendental power, it is not comprehensible. In mystical literature, love has a high position; hence, much of the mystical literature is devoted to this subject. In mys MoreLove is one of the fundamental issues of mysticism, so that without considering that mysticism and transcendental power, it is not comprehensible. In mystical literature, love has a high position; hence, much of the mystical literature is devoted to this subject. In mystical literature, especially in the words of Sheikh Ala'd-dowlah and Imam Khomeini, which is the subject of this research, love can be viewed from the point of true love. The flow of love mysticism in the theoretical and practical aspects has the characteristics that in the poems of Ala'd-dowlah one can find out how he has been able to apply the flow of love mysticism in his poems and in comparison with the ideas of Imam Khomeini in this subject, one can get To the extent that the mystical mysticism of the poets of Khorasan has been able to influence the mystical votes of a contemporary mystic though differently. The claim and achievement of this research is that Imam Khomeini, as a mystic who emerged from the school of Ibn Arabi and Molla Sadrà , accepted the principles of the mysticism of Khorasan altogether in general, and especially in the case of his poems The other one expresses, but sometimes, especially in his poems, he has raised the same principles in another way, and is a common expression in Ibn Arabi's School, and influenced by the common approach in Shiite jurisprudence, to the principles of observing certain traditions of mysticism Love, like virtual love, has not paid much attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی
Leila Anjomshoa Fatemeh Talebizadehهدف از انجام این مطالعه، مشاهده و ارزیابی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی می باشد. این مطالعه، نوعی مطالعه تحقیقاتی نیمه تجربی با استفاده از پرسشنامه است که به بررسی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه، مشاهده و ارزیابی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی می باشد. این مطالعه، نوعی مطالعه تحقیقاتی نیمه تجربی با استفاده از پرسشنامه است که به بررسی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی می پردازد. برای تحقق اهداف این پژوهش، 90 زبانآموز زبان انگلیسی که در دانشگاه آزاد کرمان تحصیل می کردند در این پژوهش شرکت کردند که بر اساس سطح مهارت زبانی انتخاب شده و از ابزار QNER متشکل از 5 فاکتور با 24 گویه که توسط چن و استاروستا (2000) طراحی شده بود استفاده کردند. زبان مادری شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش، زبان فارسی و گرایش تحصیلی آنها ادبیات انگلیسی، ترجمه و تدریس بود. یافته ها نشان داد که بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و نمرات درک مطلب متون انگلیسی، رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد. در واقع، نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بین نمرات وابستگی مذهبی و درک مطلب انگلیسی، رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نشان داده شد که بین نمرات وابستگی غربی و درک مطلب انگلیسی، رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. همچنین نتیجهگیری شد که بین نمرات وابستگی به فرهنگ ایرانی و نمرات درک مطلب انگلیسی، رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. همچنین میتوان ادعا کرد که بین نمرات وابستگی فرهنگی و نمرات درک مطلب انگلیسی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. در نهایت می توان نتیجه گرفت که بین نمرات وابستگی هنری و درک مطلب انگلیسی رابطه منفی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر، وابستگی فرهنگی تأثیر معناداری منفی بر یادگیری زبان دوم یا زبان خارجی دارد. به این معنی که اگر وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی در زبان آموز افزایش یابد، نمرات درک مطلب کاهش می یابد و بالعکس، یا به دلیل سوگیری شخصی، زبان آموزان انعطاف کمی نسبت به رعایت فرهنگ هدف دارند که در نهایت بر روند یادگیری زبان دوم تأثیر می گذارد. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و نمرات درک مطلب رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد و این نشان میدهد که هر چه میزان وابستگی فرد به فرهنگ بومی بیشتر باشد، پیشرفت تحصیلی زبان آموزان کاهش مییابد. به طور مشخص تر، نشان داده شده است که نمره درک مطلب با وابستگی های مذهبی همبستگی منفی و معنادار دارد، به این معنا که هر چه وابستگی مذهبی بالاتر باشد، عملکرد درک مطلب پایین تر خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - First report of Neotrochometridium sensillum (Acari: Heterostigmata: Trochometridiidae) from Fars Province
Rozita Masoudi Hadi OstovanDuring 2012 , a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify the mites associated with carabid beetles in Marvdasht region (Fars Province), Neotrochometridium sensillum (Acari: Heterostigmata: Trochometridiidae) is collected and identified. The mite was found p MoreDuring 2012 , a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify the mites associated with carabid beetles in Marvdasht region (Fars Province), Neotrochometridium sensillum (Acari: Heterostigmata: Trochometridiidae) is collected and identified. The mite was found phoretic on ventral body, grasping hairs of thorax of carabid beetle , Siagona europaea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Diversity of morphometric characteristics of Eurygaster integriceps in Kurdistan Province
Javad NAZEMI RAFIE Mostafa MANSOURGHAZI Sara SALEHIThe wheat bug, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the major wheat pests causing high yield loss in terms of wheat production in the Iran. Morphometric differentiations may explain biogeographic distinctions among populations of a given species. MoreThe wheat bug, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the major wheat pests causing high yield loss in terms of wheat production in the Iran. Morphometric differentiations may explain biogeographic distinctions among populations of a given species. The shape variations of female and male adults were evaluated by 12 morphometric indexes. Sampling was conducted in May and July of 2012 in Kurdistan Province. 30 samples of female adults and 30 samples of male adults were sampled from each of selected areas (sum 600 samples from 10 areas). Results showed that female adults divided to three clusters. Female adults were larger than male adults. Female population collected from Ghorve area had the maximum length (12.11±0.05) and width (7.64±0.03) of body, length (3.3±0.02) and width (7.27±0.02) of pronotum and width of scutellum (5.25±0.02 mm). Results of discriminant analysis (DFA) showed that female adults can differentiate populations (36.7%) more that male adults (32.7%). cluster analysis differentiated female and male populations completely by UPGMA method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - A new look at the function of the street: providing a conceptual model of High Streets for All approach (Case Study: comparing Imam Khomeini Street and Foroughi Street in Tabriz)
Mana Vahidbafandeh Javad Imani Shamloo Melika Fadavi The high and main streets of the city are the heart of cities nowadays. Today, these vital arteries are facing new social, environmental and economic challenges and must deal with the uncertainty of the city. Now the impo More The high and main streets of the city are the heart of cities nowadays. Today, these vital arteries are facing new social, environmental and economic challenges and must deal with the uncertainty of the city. Now the important question is how to design and plan the main streets of the city in such a way that it meets the different expectations of society and at the same time, it can be compatible with future developments. Many planners and urban designers in the world are thinking of creating strategies to restore the role of high streets to their original position as a place to serve visitors, businesses and stakeholders that all people can use. The high streets for all approach is a popular approach in urban studies in recent years. Nevertheless, so far, it has not been mentioned in the research field of Persian texts and sources in the specialized field of urban planning. Although this approach is successful in global experiences. The purpose of this research is to look at the function of the street by presenting a conceptual model of the high streets. In addition, to validate and better introduce this new approach, two critical streets of Tabriz City (Imam Khomeini Street and Foroughi Street) have been compared from the perspective of this approach. The general approach of this research is descriptive-analytical. Collecting information and field data through a questionnaire and the sample size based on Cochran's formula is 384 people. The research findings show that the essential components of the "High Street for All" approach are more vital in Imam Khomeini Street than in Foroughi Street, and only Foroughi Street has a higher priority in the two indicators of "personal branding, presence of famous commercial brands." To create a High Street for all streets, it should be a strength at the comprehensive level of spaces in all dimensions, including the relationship between humans and the environment.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The High Streets for All mission seeks to stitch the actual uses of the city back together following decades of dispersal and separation and invites us to rethink how we live and move around the city. High streets are the places most people can walk to or get the bus from; they provide common access points to the city’s cycle routes, bus and overground systems. High streets are essential places of employment. This research seeks to know whether the idea of High streets for all is applicable in the cities and streets of Iran and the world. So far, many cities worldwide, such as London, the founder of this concept, have succeeded in implementing it, and these streets have become public places for everyone. In the current research, the theoretical foundations are aimed at the functional revitalization of urban streets. For this purpose, the sources are based on creating a conceptual model according to the contextual-cultural conditions of the case examples. Then, an evaluation was done on Foroughi Street and Imam Khomeini Street in Tabriz, both of which are commercial and essential streets of the city. This comparison aims to find the best high street for basics close to the High Street for everyone.Methodology:The statistical population in this research includes the entire city of Tabriz (according to the definition of urban scale for High Streets) and the sampling is from different people of the city according to the context of the subject. The size of the statistical population of Cochran's formula according to the population of Tabriz city (1,727,476 people) and taking into account the error level of 5% is equal to 384 people. After collecting the field data, Spss software was used to analyze each component in case samples to analyze the mean using descriptive statistics methods. Considering the normality of the data in both samples, the standard deviation was used T-test for two independent models (independent two-sample t-test). Also, collecting information through document study and using the latest sources in the relevant field.Results and discussion:Based on the studies and tests conducted, most of the average data indicate the high potential and parameters of the "High Street for All" approach in Imam Khomeini Street. About 14 leading indicators had a high statistical average in this sample. Still, in contrast to Foroghi Street, due to the presence of a new context in the component of economic sustainability (personal branding, presence of commercial brands), it has a very high average, which indicates the strength of the element (sustainability Economic) on this street. In general, it can be said that the hypothesis of the research is confirmed according to the investigations carried out, and Imam Khomeini Street is considered a well-equipped street with a high average in most of the indicators and from this point of view, it has a lot of potential for the growth and design of businesses.Conclusion:High streets are social; they promote mutual friendship and cultural exchange. At once, global and local high streets offer everyday experiences and opportunities for social interaction worldwide. Designers tell us they particularly value this opportunity to be around other people. This opportunity is significant to socially vulnerable groups like older people or new neighbors looking to make friends. The streets of the "High street for all" are one of the modern city's most characteristic features and the city's most familiar public property. Well-equipped streets are places where most of the city's people from every class and income group can walk. Shared access points to bike and bus routes indicate high access to these streets. Paying attention to the economic dimensions of sustainable cities, including supporting creative businesses through cooperative work centers and holding start-ups, is also one of the new topics of this approach. According to the investigations and the successful experiences of the world, this example of streets can be very successful in promoting and improving presence in urban spaces. Based on this, this approach can act as a strong driver in the direction of balance and creating inclusive spaces in the streets of Iran. This research tried to introduce this functionally successful approach with sample evaluation. We hope that sufficient attention will be paid to it in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Role of Gamification in Doing Homework by Iranian EFL Learners
Mehrnoosh Panahandeh Azizeh Chalak -
Open Access Article
163 - The effect of aerobic exercise and diet on selected physical fitness indices and blood glucose hemostasis in patients with diabetes type I
Farkhondeh sadat Abdolrahimi Raziyeh Shoyoie -
Open Access Article
164 - The effect of combined exercise training on Body composition, Upper limb Range of motion, Shoulder pain, and Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery
maryam koulaei Nasibeh Ezeddin Anahita Shabani mona Mehdizadeh Haghighi Mohammad HedayatiThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of combined training on the Body composition, Range of motion Upper limb, Shoulder pain rate, Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery. The sample of the study in MoreThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a period of combined training on the Body composition, Range of motion Upper limb, Shoulder pain rate, Glucose homeostasis in type II diabetic patients after breast cancer surgery. The sample of the study included 30 individuals who underwent breast surgery.the Experimental group had resistance exercises using band Pilates and aerobic exercises with 50-70% maximum heart rate(n=15), and the control group had the same exercise(n=15). the training sessions were planned as x 3 per week for a period of 8 weeks. the Body composition, Range of motion, pain, Glucose homeostasis of all individuals was evaluated before and after training. according to the measurements It was concluded that that there is a significant difference in the BMI between the two groups (P <0.05). The results also demonstrated that there is a significant difference in the Glucose homeostasis among the two research groups (P <0.05), however, this difference was not significant in Insulin resistance. After 8 weeks, the combined exercise showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05) and the flexion and extension limbs of the shoulder, the internal and external shoulder rotation, flexion and elbow exertion of the subjects. But the pain did not have a significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Using wing geometric morphometric in identification of three species of grape cicads (Hem., Cicadidae) in Iran
N. Aghagoli Marzijarani F. Mozaffarian R. Vafaei ShoushtariGrape cicada Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) is known as one of the important pests in Iran. Two other species of cicadas, Chloropsalta ochreata (Melichar, 1920) and Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 have also been reported on Grape in Iran which both resembles ve MoreGrape cicada Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) is known as one of the important pests in Iran. Two other species of cicadas, Chloropsalta ochreata (Melichar, 1920) and Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 have also been reported on Grape in Iran which both resembles very similar to C. alhageos and diagnosing them is only possible by comparing their male genitalia. In this study, the morphometric variation among the three species was investigated base on their wing shapes. The analyses showed that the length ratio of two portions of veins CuA1 and M1+2 were the most important characters for distinguishing the three species in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The relationships between cotton infestation to Bemisia tabaci and leaf trichome densities
S. Sarbaz G. Moravvej M. Sirjani A. HeydarzadeThe relationship between densities of leaf trichomes and number of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was investigated on six genotypes of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Mehr, Varamin, Sahel, Khordad, Okra and Red okra) genotypes and one genotype of MoreThe relationship between densities of leaf trichomes and number of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was investigated on six genotypes of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Mehr, Varamin, Sahel, Khordad, Okra and Red okra) genotypes and one genotype of sea island cotton, Gossypium barbadence (Termus 14) at Cotton Research Station Kashmar, east of Iran, during cropping season in 2009. The result indicated that Termus 14 supported the highest numbers of eggs, nymphs and adults, and also had the highest numbers of trichomes compared to other genotypes.While the genotypes Okra and Red okra with the least numbers of trichomes on leaf surface suppprted the least numbers of various stages of whitefly. Therefore, there was a significant and positive relationship between leaf trichome densities and whitefly population. It is concluded that the genotypes with glabrous leaves cotton may reduce the whitefly population on cotton. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Introducing and identification of the species of Sphecidae (Hym) in Khomein (Iran)
F. Hadi E. Ebrahimi S. Modaress-Najaf abadi Sh. GoldastehDuring 2010-2011, studies were carried out in 17 areas of Khomein, Iran (Markazi province), using insect nets, malaise traps, yellow pan traps, and window traps to collect and identify the fauna of sphecid wasp. Twenty four species belonging to seven genera and four sub MoreDuring 2010-2011, studies were carried out in 17 areas of Khomein, Iran (Markazi province), using insect nets, malaise traps, yellow pan traps, and window traps to collect and identify the fauna of sphecid wasp. Twenty four species belonging to seven genera and four subfamilies were collected and identified. Identifications were confirmed by Dr. Schmid-Egger from Berlin, Germany. The species are as follows. All species are recorded for the first time for Markazi province the tow astrisked species are recorded for the first time from Iran. Sphex flavipennis Fabricius, 1793 Sphex melas* Gussakovskij, 1930 Sphex pruinosus Germar, 1817 Sphex sp1. Sphex sp2. Sphex sp3. Prionyx nudatus (Kohl), 1885 Prionyx songaricus (Eversmann), 1849 Prionyx stschurowskii (Radoszkowski), 1877 Chlorion magnificum* F .Morawitz, 1887 Chlorion splendidum Fabricius, 1804 Sceliphron arabs (Lepeletier), 1845 Sceliphron destillatorium(Illiger), 1807 Sceliphron funestum Kohl, 1918 (Fabricius), 1781 Sceliphron madraspatanum Sceliphron rectum Kohl, 1918 Chalybion femoratum Fabricius, 1781 Ammophila heydenii Dahlbom,1845 Ammophila sabulosa (Linnaeus), 1758 Ammophila sp. Podalonia hirsuta (Scopoli), 1763 Podalinia hirsuta mervensis Radoszkowski, 1887 (Le Guillou), 1841 Podalonia tydei Podalonia sp. This is the first report if all species for Markazi province, among them tow species with asterisks are new records to Iranian insect fauna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Morphometric comparison of wing characters in a populations, of Apis mellifera L. (Hym., Apidae) in 5 provinces of Iran
F. Yaghout-Nejad E. Soleyman-Nejadiyan R. Radjabi M. Esfandiari N. PalvanehPopulations of honeybees from 5 provinces of Iran were compared using morphometric tecnques. Five workers from each of 10 hives from 3 apicultures belonging to each province were selected randomly. Eight characters of the forewing consisted of length, width, A4 angle, D MorePopulations of honeybees from 5 provinces of Iran were compared using morphometric tecnques. Five workers from each of 10 hives from 3 apicultures belonging to each province were selected randomly. Eight characters of the forewing consisted of length, width, A4 angle, D7angle, G18, cubital index, anal length and ratio of forewing length to width of honeybees were measured and analysed. Results showed that populations of Markazi and Khuzestan provinces were distincthy located in two different places Ι and ΙΙ respectively and populations of Esfahan, Kordestan and Fars provinces had the most similar wing characters and located in place ΙΙΙ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Tectonic geomorphology assessment of neotectonics in the north of Damghan region, Alborz mountain belt, Northern Iran
Mersana Keshavarz Farzin Ghaemi Ali Faghih Mostafa Ghanadian -
Open Access Article
170 - Morphotectonics investigations of the Garehbagh basin area based on morphometric indices, NW Iran
Hassan Haji HosseinlouMorphotectonic investigations were carried out by the use of morphometric indices which serve as a tool of identification in regions with active tectonic warp. Landforms in active deformation area are produced from relations of tectonic and surficial processes. One of t MoreMorphotectonic investigations were carried out by the use of morphometric indices which serve as a tool of identification in regions with active tectonic warp. Landforms in active deformation area are produced from relations of tectonic and surficial processes. One of the most significant landforms underground is rivers that are extremely responsive to tectonic movements mainly uplift and tilting. Accordingly, based on investigation of the rivers and interrelated drainage networks by the use of morphometric indices, we will be able to achieve valuable information about tectonic record of the study area. In this study, in order to find out the tectonic activities of the study area, geomorphic indices were surveyed in Garehbagh basin. In order to determine tectonic movement of Garehbagh basin area, six different morphometric indices including Mountain Front Sinuosity (Smf), Valley Floor Width to Height Ratio (Vf), Index of drainage basin shape (Bs), Stream Length Gradient Index (Sl), Hypsometric integral (Hi), Drainage basin asymmetry (Af) were applied to the study area. According to generated results, SL values change between Smf value according to generated outcome; the most active mountain fronts faults of the study area.. Deep and narrow valleys show low Vf values <1.0, these valleys can be classified as V-shaped valleys and Vf values between 1 and 1.5 indicate moderately active regions and Vf values greater than 1.0 can be classified as ―U‖ shaped valleys. According to generated outcome, in the study area, the Hi value is 0.86. High values of the hypsometric integral specify deep incision and rugged relief. Intermediate low values of the integral are related with more evenly dissected drainage basins. Asymmetry factor extensively greater than 50 suggest tectonic tilt. Results from the analysis are accumulated and expressed as an index of relative active tectonics (Iat), which is divided into one class from relatively high tectonic activity. The study area relatively high rates of active tectonics are associated with indicative values of Iat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Assessing the Out-Of-Home Advertising Model of Consumer Products (Case study of food industry in Fars province)
Abdulaziz Shourangiz Hassan Biabani Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
172 - Explaining the Impact of Entrepreneurial Knowledge On the Structure and Performance of Home Based Business
orang taheri Akbar Alem Tabriz Rouhollah Sameie Davood Samari -
Open Access Article
173 - Virtual & Cyber Whistle Blowing Role of Brand Hate among Home Appliance Customers
Mohammad Reza Dalvand mohammad hadi zohdi -
Open Access Article
174 - Modelling and Ranking the Antecedents of Brand Hate among Customers of Home Appliance
Mohammad Reza Dalvand Vahid Reza Mirabi Mohammad Hosein Ranjbar Serajodin Mohebi -
Open Access Article
175 - The Status Of Woman In The Controversy Of Iranian Discourses (Emphasize On Discourse Of Imam Khomeini)
Yarmohammad Ghasemi Mehrdad Navabakhsh Rohola StackAccording to discourse theory, the world is the product of competition between different discourses. So the controversy between discourses is the driving force of history and political life of human societies and the rivalry between ancient, traditional, constitutional, MoreAccording to discourse theory, the world is the product of competition between different discourses. So the controversy between discourses is the driving force of history and political life of human societies and the rivalry between ancient, traditional, constitutional, Pahlavi, and Imam Khomeini's discourse about women signifiers is not exception of this law. This article, by adopting the theory and method of analyzing of discourse seeks to answer this question: what is the difference between the identity and position of the woman signifier in the discourse of Imam Khomeini with previous discourses in Iranian history? It is assumed that the discourse of Imam Khomeini, in contrast to previous discourses that have neglected either attention to religion or human beings mean and express women based on a universal identity consistent with Islamic-Iranian culture. The results of the analysis show that Imam Khomeini, while rejecting the schematic view of women in the Constitutional and Pahlavi discourses that influenced by the thought of modernity, directly and indirectly criticized the theoretical principle of traditional discourse about inequality between men and women and attempts to explain the humanity position of woman and equality of her right based on time- compatible understanding from the religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Her Holiness Fatimah Zahra (PUH) Profile from Imam Khomeini Gnostic View
Akram Bohlouli Ali Yar HoseiniImam Khomeini discussed facts concerning existential mysteries of Excellency Fatimah Zahra that has been mentioned in religious and Gnostic literature. Imam Khomeini said: “Fatimah Zahra is the manifestation of all human accomplishments and in fact (Her Exce MoreImam Khomeini discussed facts concerning existential mysteries of Excellency Fatimah Zahra that has been mentioned in religious and Gnostic literature. Imam Khomeini said: “Fatimah Zahra is the manifestation of all human accomplishments and in fact (Her Excellency) is celestial existence that avatar in the world alike human.” Due to Her Excellency is a part of perfect comprehensive existence. While His Holiness ascend the natural and supernatural axis (His Holiness) not only surpass celestial existing but also go beyond the heaven so reached Allah. So Imam Khomeini as an Islamic scholar and deep philosopher and true gnostician has introduced Excellency Fatimah Zahra as history miracle and pride of existing world that human identity is manifested in her. Therefore Excellency Fatimah Zahra is the best sample of highest knowledge, virtue, science learning, education and simple living that can be introduced to the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - بررسی کارایی سیستمهای تصفیه آب خانگی در شهر اهواز،1392
محسن بیات زاده مریم محمدی روزبهانی رویا زکاوتیدسترسی به آب سالم از ابعاد فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیک از نیاز های اساسی و اولیه بشر می باشد. کیفیت شیمیایی آب آشامیدنی تاثیر به سزایی در سلامتی مردم دارد. این تحقیق مطالعه ای توصیفی - مقطعی است که به مدت 8 ماه در بازه زمانی زمستان 91 و بهار و تابستان 92 به انجام ر Moreدسترسی به آب سالم از ابعاد فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیک از نیاز های اساسی و اولیه بشر می باشد. کیفیت شیمیایی آب آشامیدنی تاثیر به سزایی در سلامتی مردم دارد. این تحقیق مطالعه ای توصیفی - مقطعی است که به مدت 8 ماه در بازه زمانی زمستان 91 و بهار و تابستان 92 به انجام رسید. ابتدا با تهیه و تنظیم پرسشنامه ، اطلاعاتی در رابطه با میزان استفاده ، نوع و کارکرد سیستم های تصفیه خانگی جمع آوری گردید، سپس از 20 دستگاه تصفیه آب خانگی نمونه برداری به عمل آمد. نمونه ها جهت بررسی پارامترهای اکسیژن محلول، هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، کل جامدات محلول، سختی کل، فلوراید، نیترات، کلراید و همچنین بررسی آلودگی میکروبی آب بر اساس دستور العمل ارائه شده در آخرین چاپ کتاب استاندارد متد (2012) ، مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. انجام نمونه برداری ها در 5 منطقه مختلف شهر اهواز که تحت پوشش 5 تصفیه خانه شهر قرار دارند به انجام رسید. میانگین پارامتر های کیفی اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی ،کل جامدات محلول ، اکسیژن محلول، سختی کل، فلوراید، کلراید، نیترات و میانگین مقادیر MPN به ترتیب در حدود 26/8، (cm/mhoµ )37/338، (mg/l)61/163، (mg/l) 76/2، (mg/l) 4/78، (mg/l)08/0، (mg/l)84/55 ، (mg/l) 577/0 و (ml 100 index) 39/5 اندازهگیری شده اند. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم های تصفیه برخی از پارامتر ها مانند pH و EC را در حد مطلوب استاندارد آب آشامیدن تصفیه کرده اند ولی منجر به کاهش شدید مقادیر سایر پارامتر های TDS، DO، سختی کل، کلراید، فلوراید و نیترات به زیر حد استاندارد آب آشامیدنی، شده اند و در کاهش آلودگی میکروبی بدون تاثیر بوده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The proprity of the Structural Equation Modeling of Homesickness Based Resilience with mediating of Emotional and Social Adjustment in Non-Native Students
Ayyob saqqezi Seyed Mohsen HojjatkhahThe homelessness is one of the important concepts related to non-native students, which is always affected by various factors. The purpose of this study was the Structural Equation Model Fitness of Homesickness Based Resilience with mediating of Emotional and Social Adj MoreThe homelessness is one of the important concepts related to non-native students, which is always affected by various factors. The purpose of this study was the Structural Equation Model Fitness of Homesickness Based Resilience with mediating of Emotional and Social Adjustment in Non-Native Students.The purpose of this study was fundamental and in terms of descriptive method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all non-native undergraduate students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 2017 that total of 245 people were selected by non-random sampling method as a sample size. Research tools were Utrecht Homesickness Scale (UHS), Conner and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire (CD-RIS) and Bells adjustment Scale (BAS). Data were analyzed by Frequency index, mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling method in SPSS-25 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that direct paths resilience to homesickness, resilience to emotional and social adjustment, emotional and social adjustment to homesickness, and indirect pathways to resilience to homesickness were mediating by emotional and social adjustment is significant. The results of this study emphasize the importance of mediating role of emotional and social adjustment in Relation between resilience and homesickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Role of Neuroticism, Sensation Seeking and Self-control in Predicting the Tendency to Criminal Behavior in Criminals Living in Homeless Shelters
mohsen mirzaei ilnaz sajjadianThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of neuroticism, sensation seeking and self-control in predicting the tendency to criminal behavior in criminals living in hothouses. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of neuroticism, sensation seeking and self-control in predicting the tendency to criminal behavior in criminals living in hothouses. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population included all people with criminal behavior living in hothouses in Isfahan city in the spring of 2023. 400 people were selected by available sampling method. The research tools included a questionnaire (Hari psychopathy self-report, 1991), five personality traits questionnaire (McCree and Costa, 1985), Arendt's sensation seeking (1993) and self-control (Tanji et al., 2004). The research data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the correlation coefficient showed that sensation seeking and neuroticism have a positive and significant relationship with criminal behaviors and self-control has a negative and significant relationship with criminal behaviors. The results of the regression analysis showed that in the first step, self-control accounted for 88.1% of the variance of criminal behaviors, in the second step, self-control and neuroticism accounted for 88.7% of the variance of criminal behaviors, and in the third step, self-control, neuroticism and sensation seeking accounted for 88.9% of the variance of criminal behaviors of criminals. It explains living in greenhouses.Based on the results of the research; it is suggested to pay attention to the neuroticism, sensation seeking and self-control of criminals living in homeless shelters in order to prevent criminal behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Stylistic analysis of footnote or popular novels based on a look at the historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" and the examination of the male character by Hossein Qoli Mustaan
akram asgari fatemeh pakroo Hamidreza ardestanirostamiThe writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a MoreThe writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a branch of It is literature.Language of the work: A footnote with simple language and general structure shows the weaknesses and cultural defects of the society.It reflects political, social and historical realities like a mirror. With the political and social upheavals of the end of the Qajar period, writers with a sharp pen showed the flaws of the society. The historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" was written with the theme of love and simple prose and narrative language encouraging patriotism.Study method:This essay has analyzed the narrative of the intellectual content of the historical novel with a descriptive-analytical method.The noteworthy point is the analysis of the male historical characters of the work.Popular novels can be separated from elitist literature due to certain clichés and frameworks throughout the work, events, characters, story line, and fixed themes such as love triangles and squares, boy and girl falling in love. All these features are mainly around a simple axis and to make the story interesting.Conclusion: The language of these novels, according to the type of audience, is simple, far from complexity. In these novels, love and hoKeywords: popular footnote novel, love, homeland, historymeland are two main symbols.In fact, earthly love and love of the country are parallel to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Identifying the components of national solidarity in socio-political poetry of the constitutional period (Case study: Farrokhi Yazdi and Mirzadeh Eshghi)
Aboutaleb Pakbaz mohammad Reza Ghari Mohsen Izadyarliterature can solve many political and social problems. Hence, in the constitutional literature, we see themes through which the speakers have tried to create solidarity among the people. In this research, which was done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of Moreliterature can solve many political and social problems. Hence, in the constitutional literature, we see themes through which the speakers have tried to create solidarity among the people. In this research, which was done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of recognizing the components of solidarity in the poetry of Farrokhi Yazdi and Mirzadeh Eshghi. We came to the conclusion that these two poets, using common elements among the whole nation, have used these themes in their poems to encourage people to unite.These common themes and components are related to national and religious identity, which stimulates their sense of Iran-friendliness. These elements include: a common land, a common history, a common religion. Farrokhi and Eshghi have tried to remind the features of the ancient history of Iran and past heroism, the importance of the homeland as a symbol of the mother, the need to preserve the Persian language and culture, the religion of Islam and the need to protect it from foreigners. To prepare the nation for solidarity against foreigners and irreligious rulers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The identity of "reason and love" in the mystical poems of Imam Khomeini and Allameh Hassanzadeh Amoli
Javad Abedi hossein parsaie reza forsatiThe identity of reason and love and the issue of opposition, contradiction or alignment between the two is not limited to the present age, but has a long history that goes back to the life of mysticism and Sufism. There is a conflict between reason and love in most of t MoreThe identity of reason and love and the issue of opposition, contradiction or alignment between the two is not limited to the present age, but has a long history that goes back to the life of mysticism and Sufism. There is a conflict between reason and love in most of the works of mystics. In appearance, reason is sacrificed at the foot of love, but with more thought, we can see that there is a harmony in their works. Imam Khomeini and Allameh Hassanzadeh Amoli are two prominent and knowledgeable personalities in religious Sciences who have entered the field of Persian literature. This research, which has been done in a comparative and "analytical-descriptive" method, it seeks to identify the mystical concepts of "intellect and love" in the poems of Imam Khomeini and Allameh. They express the characteristics of true love and they pay to the theory of reason and love and the opposition between the two; They denounce the monstrosity intellect and praise the divine intellect; Among their poems, the diagram of true love for the Creator and perfect human beings, especially the Imams of the Infallibles (PBUH) is seen as the main axis of the poem. They know all their cognition through love which is divine; This true love is in opposition to reason and wisdom and is evident throughout their poetry collection and has a very high frequency Manuscript profile -
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183 - The Presence of Angels in Hafez & Imam Khomeini Poetry with the Approach of Quranic Intertextuality
Sayyed Hossein Mousavi shamsalhajeyah Ardalani Sayyed Jafar HamidiAngels are inconspicuous beings that god created them to serve through his orders. On the other hand, it is intertextuality which is the method of text convergence, based on impressionability from previous texts and the influence on later texts. The current research is MoreAngels are inconspicuous beings that god created them to serve through his orders. On the other hand, it is intertextuality which is the method of text convergence, based on impressionability from previous texts and the influence on later texts. The current research is qualitative research with the descriptive-analytical method based on library resources and with the aim of investigating the role of angels in the poetry of Hafez of Shiraz and Imam Khomeini, it has been compiled based on Quranic intertextuality. Both Hafez and Imam Khomeini had mystical tendencies and regarding the fact that they had complete familiariaty with the word of God, therefore the dominant theme of their poems is based on mysticism. Angels as executors of God's orders, which mostly have a formative identity, are well considered by Hafez and Imam Khomeini. They pointed to a wide range of angel's activities; both aspects of mercy and wrath and also in between which depend on reaction to human behavior, were regarded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - A Comparative Study of the Concepts of Homeland in Constitutional Literature with Emphasis on the Works of Seyed Ashrafuddin Gilani and the sacred Defense Literature of Kaiser Aminpour
mandana alimi Masoud Pakdelconstitutional literature with emphasis on Seyed Ashrafuddin Gilani and sacred defense literature with emphasis on Kaiser Aminpour. Constitutional literature, with regards to the individual and social worldview and the atmosphere of their historical period, each used fr Moreconstitutional literature with emphasis on Seyed Ashrafuddin Gilani and sacred defense literature with emphasis on Kaiser Aminpour. Constitutional literature, with regards to the individual and social worldview and the atmosphere of their historical period, each used from the concept of homeland in their poetry. Homeland has many concepts in constitutional literature. All poets of this period has emphasized on patriotism, fighting against tyranny and colonialism, homeland development, nostalgic look at Iran before Islam in their poetry. The concept of Islamic homeland is also found in the poems of some poets. In the literature of sacred defense, Climatic Homeland, human homeland, Islamic homeland and patriotism, can be seen in the works of the most of the poets of this period, especially in Kaiser Aminpour works. For the realization of this research, we first referred to sources that were about the homeland. In this context, these two concepts have been examined both in classical literature and in the present age literature for a detailed understanding. In the meantime, as these two are a part of social categories, the sociology of literature and especially the sociology of Persian literature were studied separately. On the other hand, constitutional and sacred defense literature are intimately linked to the actions, reactions, events, and changes of their age and they come from historical periods. Therefore, in order to better understand these two literatures, we studied the Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution and the cause of them and the quality of their process. Manuscript profile -
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185 - Investigating the category of social mysticism with an approach to the foundations of ontology in Imam Khomeini's thought.
mohammad javad roodgar mostafa sakhravi bahram dalir naghdaeiThe ruling spirit and dominant discourse on mysticism is theism and monotheism, and the result of social mysticism is existential monotheism, in the sense that theism has an actual presence and objective manifestation in all levels and areas, and everything is from God, MoreThe ruling spirit and dominant discourse on mysticism is theism and monotheism, and the result of social mysticism is existential monotheism, in the sense that theism has an actual presence and objective manifestation in all levels and areas, and everything is from God, to God, for God and to God's help is and in all social activities, the originality is the rise of God, so the seeker of God, all his existence is defined and regulated in relation to God and is realized. Irfani deals with its relationship with social mysticism and the intellectual thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), who as a mystic, sage and jurist, has a maximum presence in the context of the society, and with the creation of a monotheistic society, he deals with the establishment of a religious and state system, and they believe that the mysticism of a social nature is maximal in the fields It has guidance, education and management, and the mystics are responsible for the mission of guiding and educating the society after going through esoteric journeys and Seleucid homes. Manuscript profile -
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186 - The theory of unity in Imam Khomeini's intellectual system based on his guidelines and cultural opinions
farkhondeh kornasidezfulicultural opinionsThe issue of unity and unity among the Islamic world has been a very important and necessary issue. Because the colonialists sought to divide and weaken the Muslims and in various ways sought to eradicate Islam and rule over the Muslims and plunder thei Morecultural opinionsThe issue of unity and unity among the Islamic world has been a very important and necessary issue. Because the colonialists sought to divide and weaken the Muslims and in various ways sought to eradicate Islam and rule over the Muslims and plunder their property and resources. Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA) considered unity as a factor of strength and division as a cause of weakness in the foundation of religion, and the unity of the Islamic world was always considered a great ideal for him. But the realization of "unity" from his point of view requires conditions and the creation of necessary platforms, the most important and necessary of which is the design and creation of a single and common intellectual, cultural and ideological system, and the Imam was looking for that by proposing this intellectual system based on It is to strengthen the spiritual and cultural solidarity between Islamic societies. In this article, an attempt is made to firstly define unity and its underlying factors in the thought system of Imam Rahal, then while examining the concept of arrogance as the main factor in creating division between Islamic societies, by using a descriptive-citing method, the influence of the ideas of the culture of Imam Quds Sar, which is a reflection of his philosophical opinions; To explain the unity of the Muslims of the world. Manuscript profile -
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187 - An Examination of Sayyied Ahmad Khomeini's Views and Ranjnameh based on critical discourse Analysis
mansour Anbarmoo Fatemeh tabatabaieSeyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his pres MoreSeyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his presence and activity during the struggle and exile and Imam's leadership, in research,, his opinions and political life are rarely mentioned. Administration Imam's Beit (house) during the exile, struggles, and establishment of the Islamic revolution, developments related to the imposed war, issues related to the dismissal of the deputy leadership and the writing of the Ranjnameh are among the turning points of his life. The issue of this research is why Ahmad Khomeini wrote the Ranjnameh. In the present study, an attempt is made to explain the text of Ranjnameh as one of the most important political letters in the history of contemporary Iran, using the approach of analyzing the critical discourse of Norman Fairclough and the role of Ahmad in the developments of the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Using this approach, the base is processed and checked in the index. The findings of the research show Ahmad Khomeini, considering the political and social situation of Iran in the 1980s and variables such as Imam Khomeini's illness and the changes in power relations in the 1960s, tried to create a new political and religious meaning in the field by compiling the manifesto. In line with political identification, the reproduction of the ideological beliefs of the Islamic Revolution, the consolidation and organization of the public consent for the selection of the new successor of the leadership and the persuasion of the public opinion. Manuscript profile -
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188 - Prioritizing effective factors on home-based businesses economical achievement in Iran
Shahram Abedi Azita Zand -
Open Access Article
189 - Investigation of the relationship between tectonic morphological indices and seismic acceleration in Indes, Aipak, Avaj and Kushk-e-Nusrat fault zones (northwest of Saveh).
Bahar Rezaei Nahal Mohsen PourKermani Mehdy Zare Maryam Dehbozorgi Reza NozaemThe northwest zone of Saveh city is located in the Indes , Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj and Ipak fault zones. Indes, Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj and Ipak faults are considered as the major faults in central Iran, which are also active in the Quaternary and the their last movements a MoreThe northwest zone of Saveh city is located in the Indes , Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj and Ipak fault zones. Indes, Kooshk e Nosrat, Avaj and Ipak faults are considered as the major faults in central Iran, which are also active in the Quaternary and the their last movements are attributed to the present time, therefore, the estimation of morphometry in order to identify the effect of active tectonics on the tectonic evolution of drainage basins seems necessary. Therefore, in this study, six important morphotectonic indices were analyzed including longitudinal gradient of the river, asymmetry of drainage basin, hypsometric integral, Drainage basin shape, the ratio of the floor width to the valley height and mountain front. In order to model the formation of basins in the studied area, Arc Hydro software (Arc GIS add ins) has been used based on data derived from a digital elevation model. Then, 6 morphotectonic indices have been compiled and classified on each of the basins. Finally the Active Tectonic Index (IAT) has been calculated, according to which the study area has been classified into 4 categories including very high, high, intermediate and low tectonic activity. According to the IAT index, 5% of the study area shows very high tectonic activity, 25% of the studied area has high tectonic activity, 65% of it has the average tectonic activity and about 5% of the tectonic activity are low. In this study, the highest level of tectonic activity can be seen in the north-eastern part of the area. In most sectors, the level of activity is high and intermediate, which is related to the activity of Kooshk-e-Nosrat, Aipak and Avaj faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Basics of resistance literature in the Poetry of Sayed Ashraf al-din Hoseyni
Reza Musabadi Batool FakhreslamSocial and political state of affairs, constitutional era, Due to the emergence of the most important poets of poetic themes, Lyrics homegrown and most important Concern domestic and foreign anti-authoritarian forces that threaten the country's independence and freedom MoreSocial and political state of affairs, constitutional era, Due to the emergence of the most important poets of poetic themes, Lyrics homegrown and most important Concern domestic and foreign anti-authoritarian forces that threaten the country's independence and freedom MyAfkndnd. One of the poets in the name of freedom, Syed Ashraf al-din Husseini, known as Nasim shomal that poetry is full of ideas home country Fashioned. This study is the analytical method to map and study various literary Effects stability Nasim shomal on their poems. Of the most important findings of this research is that the Court's breeze on themes such as: expressing pain and RnjHay oppressed people and draw their real face, Cite the national and religious heroes, patriotism, challenge and stand against tyranny and colonialism, instill hope for the future bright, calls for unity Give praise liberty and freedom that makes up each of these cases NshanDhndh literature JlvhHay stability in northern of Nasim shomal lyrics are explicit language to them. Manuscript profile -
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191 - A Comparative Study of the Components of Sustainability Literature in the Poems of Tahereh Saffarzadeh and Mostafa Wahabi al-Tal
Tahereh Sadat Tahereh Sadat Seyyedhosseini Nahedeh Fawzi Simin ValaviSustainability literature is one of the important branches of literature with emphasis on concepts such as standing, resistance, patriotism, negation of tyranny and arrogance, which are mainly written due to conditions such as war, military occupation, suffocation, tyra MoreSustainability literature is one of the important branches of literature with emphasis on concepts such as standing, resistance, patriotism, negation of tyranny and arrogance, which are mainly written due to conditions such as war, military occupation, suffocation, tyranny and repression, and things like common pains, standing for freedom, praising the dead and drawing a bright future are its common axes. An important issue is the application of the components of sustainability literature in the literature of different societies. In other words, most of the poets and writers who have experienced events such as war, military occupation, repression, etc. by foreign forces and even internal despotic elements, have used various components in their poetry and prose works. This article is a research on the comparative analysis of the components of sustainable literature in the poetry of Iranian poet Tahereh Saffarzadeh and Jordanian poet and writer Mostafa Wahabi Al-Tal. The hypothesis of the article tells about the fact that the three components of striving for the freedom of the homeland, call to fight and persistence and anti-arrogance are the common components of the sustainability literature of these two poets. The findings of the article using the comparative method showed that both authors have used religious myths to explain the component of patriotism. Regarding the element of invitation to fight, both poets have used three approaches. First; creating hope and unity among the fighters, second; drawing a bright and third future; honoring the martyrs of resistance and standing. Finally, regarding the anti-arrogance component, both poets first compare the occupiers to vicious and predatory animals, and then call the fighters to a revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Comparing the stages of journey and mystical journey in the works of Attar and Imam Khomeini
Dr.farhad kakarashThe mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course o MoreThe mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course of the course, although there are differences of opinion between them regarding the explanation and explanation. The important point is that both mystics have been working towards a common goal, and that the expression of mysticism is in a language that is in the habit of understanding ordinary people because, as both mystics, mysticism is a necessity of human life in all ages, and stepping in this direction all aspects of human life Therefore, it must be eradicated from the particular difficulties and complexities of science, so that the whole human society can be learned. In this research, the descriptive-analytic method, the stages of journey and mystic journey in the works of the writings of Attar and Imam Khomeini have been compared, and the concepts, common and contrastive words in these two, have been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Comparative study of the effects of British and Russian colonialism in the constitutional era in the poems of Nasim Shomal and Malek al-Sha'ari-Bahar
Reza Musabadi mahdi nowrooz The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against More The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against the oppressors and their faces and in order to defend Iranian identity against the invasion of foreigners. The phenomenon of colonialism is one of the phenomena that has always faced the countries and nations of the East. Therefore, knowledgeable and capable people, especially artists and literati, are poetic weapons to fight colonialism and colonialism. Due to the fact that colonial practices are diverse and different; therefore, the struggles against it should be diverse and appropriate. In this article, using descriptive-analytical method, a comparative study of the views of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Seyed-Ashoor-al-Din-Husseini on the colonial phenomenon in their poems is discussed. The researches carried out in this article show that both poets have introduced various phenomena of colonialism in different forms and have similar approaches to fight it, and have presented some solutions that are important- Most of them are: Informing people and neglecting them; inviting to unite and confront colonialism; humiliating colonialism with the language of satire, condemning and condemning oppressors; provoking people and returning to the identity of the Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
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194 - Comparing the stages of journey and mystical journey in the works of Attar and Imam Khomeini
Farhad Kakarash dr.sobhan shafeiyan The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to More The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk. This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey. Both the mystics give a degree to the course of the course, although there are differences of opinion between them regarding the explanation and explanation. The important point is that both mystics have been working towards a common goal, and that the expression of mysticism is in a language that is in the habit of understanding ordinary people because, as both mystics, mysticism is a necessity of human life in all ages, and stepping in this direction all aspects of human life Therefore, it must be eradicated from the particular difficulties and complexities of science, so that the whole human society can be learned. In this research, the descriptive-analytic method, the stages of journey and mystic journey in the works of the writings of Attar and Imam Khomeini have been compared, and the concepts, common and contrastive words in these two, have been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Common themes in the poems of Salman Harati and Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab based on the "Anshudat al-Matar"
Razieh Karamad hosein shamsabadi Comperative literature deals with the comparison and balance between literary works and this article is an adaptive attempt to express some of the common themes in the works of Salman Herati, the Persian poet, and the Arabic poet Badr Shaker al-Sayab, the Arabic More Comperative literature deals with the comparison and balance between literary works and this article is an adaptive attempt to express some of the common themes in the works of Salman Herati, the Persian poet, and the Arabic poet Badr Shaker al-Sayab, the Arabic poet. Both poets have loved their homeland and portrayed it as a living creature. Salman Harati is interwoven intellect and love and spirituality in the description of the homeland. The two poets complain about the neglect of the people in their poems and at the same time give them the promise of a better and brighter future. Salman Herati brings hope to future with the concept of expectation, and al-Sayab, utilizing the symbol of rain, reflects this hope. Badr Shaker al-Sayyab and Salman Herati help to express what they can't say explicitly from various symbols such as night, rain, animals, etc. This is more complexity in Sayyab's poems since he did it with myths. Manuscript profile -
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196 - Designing a Model for Managing Volunteer Forces in the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation
Taher Jafari Baharak Shirzad Kebria Abbas Khorshidi -
Open Access Article
197 - Investigating the Level of Parents' Participation in Doing “The Work and Technology” assignments of the Sixth Grade of Asadabad City in the Context of Virtual Education
Masoumeh Moghimi Firozabad -
Open Access Article
198 - Evaluation and analysis of the effects of second homes in rural areas (case study: Ghaleh village, Haj Abdullah)
hosin hatami nejad mohammad beyranvand Ahmad hatamiin this research, the effects of the second homes of tourism in Ghaleh Haj Abdullah village have been investigated. The method of this descriptive-analytical and library research is based on field survey in forms of questionnaire, observation and interview. Statistical Morein this research, the effects of the second homes of tourism in Ghaleh Haj Abdullah village have been investigated. The method of this descriptive-analytical and library research is based on field survey in forms of questionnaire, observation and interview. Statistical population of all residents The village of Ghaleh was Haj Abdullah, which was 950 in the census in 1395. For estimation of the sample size, the Cochran formula has been used, according to this formula, the number of samples is 381 people. Also, simple random sampling method was used in the village level. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using T-test. The results showed that the effects of second homes in social, economic and physical-environmental dimensions have been positive, negative and controversial. In the social dimension, its positive effects include increasing social security and reducing the immigration of inhabitants The village has been. As well as negative effects such as increasing urban lifestyle, eliminating the customs of rural customs, social disruption has been among the villagers. Also, in the economic aspect, it has had far more effects than social and physical dimensions. Residents have stated that by creating and expanding second homes, the situation of employment and income of the village has improved, and with the increase of economic activity in the region and the strengthening of the rural economy, the employment of the residents has been provided and the intensity of the rural population has decreased. The latter, in terms of environmental and environmental aspects, have the effects of second homes as an extension of the residential tissue of the village and the growth of the second species of mussels in the fields and gardens of the region, which have implications for land use change and rural landscape change from an agricultural domain to an artifact With villa units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The role of cis-acting elements of the promoter region in regulating the spatio-temporal expression of the salinity stress-responsive NHX1 gene in Triticum aestivum L.
Shadi Heidari Baharak Heidari Peivand HeidariSoil salinity is one of the most serious issues in wheat cultivation in Iran, which has a detrimental impact on crop production and plant growth. To investigate genes associated with the response to salinity stress in wheat, 3567 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were anal MoreSoil salinity is one of the most serious issues in wheat cultivation in Iran, which has a detrimental impact on crop production and plant growth. To investigate genes associated with the response to salinity stress in wheat, 3567 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analyzed from salinity-tolerant wheat leaf and root libraries collected from the Harvard University Database. EGassembler, CLCbio and IDEG6 softwares were used to analyze gene expression and the GoMapMan comparative classification tool was used to classify functional catalogs. Statistically significant differences were observed between the genes of the two libraries in 7 functional groups. The results showed that NHX1 ion exchangers play an important role in ion homeostasis and salinity stress tolerance in both leaf and root tissues. Because a full understanding of the gene transcription regulation system depends on functional analysis of cis-acting elements, the regulatory elements in the 5' regulatory region of the NHX1 genes were identified using Plant CARE databases. Several regulatory elements related to biological processes, hormonal regulation, and stress response and environmental stimuli were identified. This study provides an insight into the role of the promoter’s cis-acting in regulating the spatio-temporal expression of NHX1 gene under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Analysis and design of modern houses using artificial intelligence
sepehr Karimi Rad Mohammad Jodeiri Abbasi reza fathipour -
Open Access Article
201 - Formal-comparative Analysis of the Spatial organization of Student residence Halls Based on their Spatial Threshold Patterns (Case study: Girls Residence Hall Complex in Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin)
Sara Shariati Mehdi Khakzand Fariba Alborzi -
Open Access Article
202 - The Role of House Outdoor Environment Features in Creating Home Attachment
Sayedeh Poorandokht Saadati -
Open Access Article
203 - Proposing Historic-Religious Tourism Development Approaches with an Emphasis on Identity of Urban Spaces (Case Study of Imam Khomeini Street, Qazvin)
Parisa Taheri Seyed Mohammad Reza Khatibi -
Open Access Article
204 - Psychometric indicators of the “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire”
mohammad mohammadipourAbstract: The present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classro MoreAbstract: The present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire was carried out on 360 students (252 girls and 108 boys) who were selected through stratified sampling method from among the students of the Faculty of Humanities at Islamic Azad University of Quchan. In order to assess the questionnaire reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and to determine the factorial validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. In line with the results obtained by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002) and Karshky, et al. (2009, 2011), the present study showed that this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the test is 0.901 and for the subtests, it is between 0.662 and 0.91. Also, the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the questionnaire structure has acceptable fit to the data and all the goodness of fit indices confirm the model (AGFI= 0.85, GFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.056, RMR= 0.07, CFI= 0.91). So, this questionnaire can be a useful tool for assessing students’ perceptions of classroom activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Examining the relationship between self-regulated learning and thinking styles with the homework purposes of the students
علی رضایی شریف علی خالق خواه خالق خواه حمیرا احمدی ممکانیThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampl MoreThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampling method. The results were collected from the self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990), thinking styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992) and HPS (Xu, 2010). The results showed that there was a positive relationship and significant between self-regulated learning and homework purpose understanding of students and self-regulated learning showed itself a stronger predictor for learning-oriented reasons homework purposes. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between three types of thinking styles and learning-oriented reasons. Also, enter multiple regression analysis showed that executive thinking style is a stronger predictor for understanding of homework purpose understanding of students. The results of the present research revealed not only the importance of adoption of learning-oriented reasons of homework purposes by the students, but also the importance of their adoption of executive thinking style in the educational system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The analysis of experimental sciences lesson questions of the ninth grade in Kermanshah Province andi nvestigate the alignment of them in terms of Anderson and Krathwohl’s taxonomy
Faramarz Malekyan Sayyed Mohammad Reza Mostafaei Fataneh Khakrah Zainab FarajiThe purpose of this study was the analysis of psychometric properties and the levels of cognitive domain of final exam questions of experimental sciences lesson of the ninth grade of Kermanshah Province in June 2016 based on Anderson and Krathwohl’s educational ob MoreThe purpose of this study was the analysis of psychometric properties and the levels of cognitive domain of final exam questions of experimental sciences lesson of the ninth grade of Kermanshah Province in June 2016 based on Anderson and Krathwohl’s educational objectives. The research was applied in terms of objective, as descriptive research and was evaluation. The statistic population included all of the examination papers of experimental sciences lesson of the ninth grade in boy’s junior high school of district one in Kermanshah which were 2007 papers, among whom 323 papers were selected as the sample through relative cluster random sampling. Measuring tools included difficulty coefficient, discrimination coefficient, Lawshe content validity ratio, Kuder-Richardson reliability coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the check list of Anderson and Krathwohl’s cognetive objectives. The results showed that the questions had been contained appropriate difficulty coefficient and high discrimination coefficient. The validity coefficients of all questions and reliability coefficients of objective questions were low, but reliability was high for non- objective questions. In accordance questions with dimensions of cognitive domain and Anderson and Krathwohl’s taxonomy of educational objectives, more questions were in knowledge level and knowledge of real-life (facts) level and any questions was designed on the basis of cognitive domain of evaluation and creative and metacognitive knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - surveying and ranking the effective factors on risk taking Entrepreneurs involved in home-based businesses with an emphasis on educating and training the risk taking managers
ebrahim halajeanThe research is concentrated on surveying and ranking the impacts of main factors and elements on entrepreneurs’ risking in urban and rural areas. In process of a descriptive – survery method , data is gathered by questionniare with 35 statements based on th MoreThe research is concentrated on surveying and ranking the impacts of main factors and elements on entrepreneurs’ risking in urban and rural areas. In process of a descriptive – survery method , data is gathered by questionniare with 35 statements based on the “Likert” 5 scales that its validity was sufficient, and the Cronbach's alpha reliability was 816. The research population were the entepreneurs in Mazandaran Province who introduced to receive bank facilities under the protection of Technical &Vocational Education Organization.128 ones as the sample were selected among 200 population according to Kerjesi & Morgan method to perform the reseach questionnaire. The agents and factors have been surveyed,analyzed and stated by Mean Index (X) and T –test , SPSS & EXCELL software model.Results show that the effecting factors that naturally cotain cultural , political, economical, social, training – psychological, managerial – administrative and geometrical have been accepted, emphasized and generalized in eight hypotheses.AS a conclusion the effects of seven factors have been generalized in entreprenueres’ society of home business field. Due to Fridman Test the cultural factor known as having the most effect while the managerial-administrative and geometrical factors have the low impacts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Psychometric indicators of the “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire”
mohamad mohamadiporThe present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classroom activit MoreThe present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire was carried out on 360 students (252 girls and 108 boys) who were selected through stratified sampling method from among the students of the Faculty of Humanities at Islamic Azad University of Quchan. In order to assess the questionnaire reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and to determine the factorial validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. In line with the results obtained by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002) and Karshky, et al. (2009, 2011), the present study showed that this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the test is 0.901 and for the subtests, it is between 0.662 and 0.91. Also, the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the questionnaire structure has acceptable fit to the data and all the goodness of fit indices confirm the model (AGFI= 0.85, GFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.056, RMR= 0.07, CFI= 0.91). So, this questionnaire can be a useful tool for assessing students’ perceptions of classroom activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Examining the relationship between self-regulated learning and thinking styles with the homework purposes of the students
ali rezaei sharif ali khaleghkhah homeyra ahmadi mamakaniThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampl MoreThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampling method. The results were collected from the self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich& De Groot, 1990), thinking styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992) and HPS (Xu, 2010). The results showed that there was a positive relationship and significant between self-regulated learning and homework purpose understanding of students and self-regulated learning showed itself a stronger predictor for learning-oriented reasons homework purposes. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between three types of thinking styles and learning-oriented reasons. Also, enter multiple regression analysis showed that executive thinking style is a stronger predictor for understanding of homework purpose understanding of students. The results of the present research revealed not only the importance of adoption of learning-oriented reasons of homework purposes by the students, but also the importance of their adoption of executive thinking style in the educational system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Historical study of assassination with emphasis on the views of Imam Khomeini
ghasem valizadehbarimanloo hamid hoseini ali hosein ehteshamiAssassination is one of the most important concepts in today's world. What has made the importance of assassination even more prominent is that the great powers are using it to achieve national interests, as well as to suppress right-wing struggles and tarnish Islam. To MoreAssassination is one of the most important concepts in today's world. What has made the importance of assassination even more prominent is that the great powers are using it to achieve national interests, as well as to suppress right-wing struggles and tarnish Islam. Today, these superpowers, who commit any crime to achieve their goals, accuse the holy religion of Islam and Muslims of assassination, and by distorting the facts, introduce Islam as a religion of terror and violence. In view of this, it is necessary to know the place of assassination from Imam Khomeini's point of view according to the verses and hadiths. The Qur'an and hadiths have ordered killing at the time of corruption on earth and war against God and His Messenger, but in none of the above cases, unlike assassination, is murder carried out in secret, without the permission of the Islamic ruler, and Unlike assassination, these actions restore public peace and security. Imam Khomeini's views on assassination are based on the Qur'an and hadiths. The results of the article show that in Imam Khomeini's thought, assassination (in the modern sense) is void according to the verses and hadiths that exist in this field. In his strategies, he denies any violence based on terror. Wherever Imam Khomeini has spoken about assassination, he has expressed his position with a completely negative view and with disgust and disgust Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Some of the historical development of ancient Persia
hosien elahiWith the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather MoreWith the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather Iranian society. Self-esteem and respect for the individual and social progress and development of society and to spread within the political, economic, social and emotional provided. Iranians history on this test, which was founded on the basic questions and answers to create a happy life and love for all people and especially their efforts in their geographic area and education of their children based on the dynamics of self-respect, to add community Home and family and ethnic groups are respected and world affairs based on social justice and fight against ignorance and ignorance among all human beings based on their nd were convinced that this is converging and the divergence of human civilizations were around and justice and security and freedom to all people and all they asked for. and committed to human freedom in thought and thought and came to respect his wishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Explain the evolution of Islamic Revolution in Isfahan between years (1340- 1347 Solar)
Seyyed Alireza Abtahi Kimya KishtiaraThe early sixties, solar, the future development of the area around the Islamic Revolution in Iran, including Isfahan the 1340 to 1347 calendar years confronting the rise of the Pahlavi regime and the opposition, especially religious groups were combined under the leade MoreThe early sixties, solar, the future development of the area around the Islamic Revolution in Iran, including Isfahan the 1340 to 1347 calendar years confronting the rise of the Pahlavi regime and the opposition, especially religious groups were combined under the leadership of Imam Khomeini. It should be noted that the 15 June 1342, was a turning point in the campaign. Thus, this paper aims to examine the role of popular struggles in the face of Militant Clergy in response to the question of the revolutionary developments in the years 1340 to 1347, in what way, and what will change? The string is written and it has been tried to date techniques and analytical methods relying on information obtained from documents and historical texts and oral interviews explore the evolution of the people's struggle. The current hypothesis is that the political, cultural, and ideological manner is clearly evident. Looks at the status of the clergy, public or religious seminary; Public campaigns and comprehensive and widely supported by various groups such as teachers, students, traders and merchants was formed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The Components of Ideal Government in Imam Khomeini's Philosophical Political Thought
asghar rajabi dehborzoeiImam Khomeini is one of the contemporary philosophers who was able to fulfill the desire of philosophers to have a desirable government. The desired Islamic government in Imam Khomeini's philosophical political thought is different from other existing governments. The p MoreImam Khomeini is one of the contemporary philosophers who was able to fulfill the desire of philosophers to have a desirable government. The desired Islamic government in Imam Khomeini's philosophical political thought is different from other existing governments. The purpose of this research is to answer the question, what are the components of the ideal government in the philosophical political thought of Imam Khomeini? Using the method of thematic analysis, we have conceptualized the data obtained from the statements of Imam Khomeini. Based on these concepts, the primary themes and organizing themes divine, justification, theocracy, rebellion, aggressor, constitution, governance, morality, justice, democracy) and comprehensive themes were obtained. By combining and integrating the inclusive themes, five components of the legitimacy and divinity of the government, , moralism and seeking justice and the maximum participation of the people were extracted with an emphasis on the political and philosophical thought of Imam Khomeini. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Social harms and pathology of international relations in Imam Khomeini's will and jurisprudential advice to deal with them
sef allah Karim zadeh Abbas Ali Abbas Ali Heidari mahmood ghayom zadeh hosein chosraviThe present study seeks to explain some of the harms to the community and international relations that are mentioned in Imam Khomeini's will and subsequently follow the recommended solutions in Islamic jurisprudence according to its sources (Quran, hadiths, reason) MoreThe present study seeks to explain some of the harms to the community and international relations that are mentioned in Imam Khomeini's will and subsequently follow the recommended solutions in Islamic jurisprudence according to its sources (Quran, hadiths, reason). , Consensus) to confront and treat them. Given that the social and international approach to the will has been somewhat neglected, it is necessary to address it in this study. Social harm is any obstacle that harms the process of social development of the society. The Imam, first of all, considers the defense of the country as one of the most important duties and is proud of the existence of women and men defending the homeland. Centers consider corruption, prostitution, and moral decay to be especially organized, harmful, and destructive to the younger generation. He goes on to address another social evil called lawlessness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Analyzing the Place of Expediency in Elections by Looking at the Two Discourses of the Islamic Revolution and Liberal Democracy
ابوالفضل ذکایی masoud jafarinejad seyyed mohammadali shariatyIn the current research, it is tried to explain the concept of expediency and examine its application in the electoral process of the two systems of Islamic revolution and liberal democracy. And on this basis, while explaining the structure and components of expediency MoreIn the current research, it is tried to explain the concept of expediency and examine its application in the electoral process of the two systems of Islamic revolution and liberal democracy. And on this basis, while explaining the structure and components of expediency in Shia jurisprudence and comparing it with the philosophy of the liberalism system, let's explore the nature of the differences, similarities and of course the results of these two approaches.In this work, which is based on the structural analysis and investigation of these two government systems, we found that the explanation of expediency in these two discourses was accompanied by complications and components that ultimately led to the formation of elections. In the Velayat al-Faqih system, this is the ruling of the government that determines the establishment of institutions and the regulation of events in elections, and its ultimate goal is to preserv Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Investigating Basic Requirement Regulations, Internal Environment, and their Impact on Performance of Retirement Homes
K. Sarojani Krishnan Nazatul Shima Abdul Rani -
Open Access Article
217 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Consumer Perceptions on Product Safety and Model Presentation (Case study: Home Appliances Consumers)
Saeed Ahmadian Seyed kamran Nourbakhsh Ghasemali Bazaee Seyed Abbas Heydari -
Open Access Article
218 - Comparison of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parentless and unsupervised children in West Azerbaijan
Javad keyhan sara mohammad moradi naghadeh fazel ganea gare baghThe aim this research is a comparative study of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised children in West Azerbai MoreThe aim this research is a comparative study of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised children in West Azerbaijan province. Research method was descriptive survey and the research community statistic were included all girl and boy students in high school living in Imam Khomeini relief foundations dormitories in the west Azerbaijan province. The sampling method due to statistic population restrict was census. In this research were used to gathering information from the multidimensional perceived social support scale (MSPSS) Zimet and colleagues (1988) , the Snyder hope questionnaire (1991) and the student academic records at the end of the semester. The results of multivariate analysis of one- way showed there are significant difference between these two groups in perceived social support, hope and academic achievement. So that students living in welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised have good social support perceived than Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories student. But, hope the students covered by the Relief Committee are for significantly more than students under welfare organization. Also the independent t-test results showed that academic achievement students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundations dormitories is Significantly higher than students living in welfare organizations home of parent less and unsupervised children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Designing and Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test in Fifth Grade Female Students
ilnaz sajadian mozhgan hassani mohamadali nadiAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were sel MoreAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were selected via two multistage cluster sampling and purposive methods. The test consists of 8 blocks, each consists of 12 exercises. 3 blocks is performed for each subject selected randomly. The stimuli have a number of emoji with emotional loads and marks. To investigate the psychometric properties, test-retest reliability coefficient with 20 days interval was employed. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.75. In addition, validity of the test was assessed using content validity and criterion validity techniques by comparing "matched groups". The first group consisted of 20 normal students, and the second group included 20 students with active memory deficits and low cognitive emotion regulation. The second group’s subjects were identified by two the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Garnefski’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The results of comparing mean scores of the two groups in different parts of the test showed a significant difference between the performance of them (p = 0.001). Therefore, Hassani’s Active Memory Software Test has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure emotional memory in psychological studies in the mentioned age range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The comparison of homework self regulation factors (task value, metacognition, effort and persistence) of students
Seiros Allipour Manijeh Sgahni Yilaghi Leila Fereidooni Fatemeh Nadi najafabadi The purpose of this study was to comparison the homework self regulation factors (task value, metacognition, effort and persistence) in eighth and eleventh grades of students in gifted and normal scchools. The population of this study consisted of the guida More The purpose of this study was to comparison the homework self regulation factors (task value, metacognition, effort and persistence) in eighth and eleventh grades of students in gifted and normal scchools. The population of this study consisted of the guidance school and high school students in Ahwaz at educational year 1395-1396. The sample size was determined 562 people by using of random clustering method. The instruments used in this study were Learning Strutegy Subscale (pintrich and DeGroot, 1990), Task Value Subscale (pintrich et.al, 1991), Effort Scale (Dupeyrat and Marine, 2005) and Persistence Scale (Elliot, McGregor and Gable, 1999). To check the reliability the cronbach's alpha was used followed by factor analysis to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested by using of Manova and Anova method analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is significant difference between to groups of students in eighth and eleventh grade in comparison of these factors in P< 0/001. It’s suggested that because of reduce of task value and effort of students in eleventh grade, the planning must have suitable educational models for this groups of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The effectiveness of reality therapy on identity crisis and Homesickness of student’s dormitory boarding schools in Isfahan
Narges rezaei Hosein abadi Felor Khayatan The Present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy on identity crisis and homesickness which was conducted based on a semi-experimental method in a pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population included 1500 mal More The Present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy on identity crisis and homesickness which was conducted based on a semi-experimental method in a pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population included 1500 male high school students living in dormitories of boarding schools at academic year of 2016-17 in Isfahan, 30 of whom were selected based on availability given inclusion and exclusion criteria and using simple random selection. The participants were then divided into two groups of experiment and control (n=15). All the participants completed the research instruments including, Ahmadi’s Identity Crisis Questionnaire (1988) and Van Vliet’s Homesickness Questionnaire (2001) at pretest and posttest. The Experiment group received 10 sessions of reality therapy while the control group did not receive any treatment. The Collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. The Results indicated that reality therapy has positive effect on reduction of identity crisis and homesickness (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The Study of psychometric properties of contingencies of self-worth scale
Milad SabzehAra Langroudi Mehdi Reza Sarafraz Nima Ghorbani Reza RostamiThe aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of contingencies of self-worth scale in a sample of Iranian university students. 502 undergraduate Payam Nour university students of langroud city were selected by available sampling method and were MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of contingencies of self-worth scale in a sample of Iranian university students. 502 undergraduate Payam Nour university students of langroud city were selected by available sampling method and were asked to complete contingencies of self-worth scale (CSWS), Integrative self-knowledge (ISK), Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF), Margolis-Thomas narcissism scale (MTNS) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). First, confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the factor structure of the Iranian sample does not fit with factor structure of the American sample. Thus, to find appropriate factor structure with Iranian sample exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and rotation oblimin was conducted and showed that 6 factor are fitted with data structure. Convergent and divergent scale validities were confirmed and Cronbach's alpha coefficients also revealed a good internal consistency of factors scale. Results based on self-determination theory and contingencies of self-worth theory were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Effect of Reality therapy on Depression in Female-headed households under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz in 2019
Ali Hosseini Aadan MoeinAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on depression of female-headed households in Shiraz in 2019. In this study, experimental design with pre-test and post-test including control group was used. The statistical populat MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on depression of female-headed households in Shiraz in 2019. In this study, experimental design with pre-test and post-test including control group was used. The statistical population of this study was female-headed households referred to Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz in year 2019. Based on purposive sampling method, 30 of them with high score of Beck depression questionnaire and low resiliency score were selected. They were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups. Both groups completed Beck depression questionnaire before intervention. The experimental group received the reality therapy training package in eight sessions. Depression questionnaire was again completed by both groups. the results of covariance analysis indicated that reality-based intervention reduced depression in female-headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The Role of Islamic ethics in dicators from the perspective of religious sociology on the organizational performance of universities from Imam Khomeini's point of view
Seyyed jafar Hosseini Rahim Vakilzadeh Hassan MovassaghiThe purpose of agency and responsibility in the holy system of the Islamic Republic is to try to implement divine decrees in order to bring mankind and the world of humanity to the perfection and happiness of this world and the hereafter. Therefore, brokers should be se MoreThe purpose of agency and responsibility in the holy system of the Islamic Republic is to try to implement divine decrees in order to bring mankind and the world of humanity to the perfection and happiness of this world and the hereafter. Therefore, brokers should be selected from among the most qualified and be decorated with good moral virtues so that they can fulfill the broker's mission efficiently According to this, The the purpose of fulfilling this study has been the investigation of the Islamic ethical indexes and their effect on the performance of the agents of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch.According to the nature of the research , the managers, faculty members and the staff of the aforesaid university branch have been selected as the research statistical cummunity. Collecting datas has been done by a researchermade questionnaire that the scale of its validity and reliability has been verified and confirmed with the method of the content validity and internal correlation ( index of Chronbach's Alpha) regularly. The results by multiple linear regression test showed that Islamic ethic includes subindicaters :faith, piety, sincerity, humility, trust, fulfilling the peopl's necessities, cheerfulness, goodtemper, forgiveness and remission , justice, criticism, trusteeship, cooperation and take care of the Department of the Treasury ( Bayt al- mal) has positive and significant effect on the performance of the staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The role of urban area on Homeless people’s daily life in Tehran
Seyed Saeid Aghaei Alireza Kaldi Mansoor VosooghiThis research has been conducted with the aim of examining the role ofurban area on the daily life of the homeless people in Tehran. The researchmethod is mixed with a semi-structured interview framework designed onthe base of the theory of everyday life of Goff man and MoreThis research has been conducted with the aim of examining the role ofurban area on the daily life of the homeless people in Tehran. The researchmethod is mixed with a semi-structured interview framework designed onthe base of the theory of everyday life of Goff man and the urban ecologyapproach. The collected data from the qualitative section are presentedusing interview, observation and content analysis. In the quantitative partof the research, a questionnaire was designed based on this theory and theinformation was gathered by the researcher in an interview form. Themethod of data analysis is presented statistically in the form of descriptiveand inferential tables. The results show that, human-made environmentsprovide the context for distortion and disturbance more than naturalenvironments, and migration as an important factor in the transfer ofdifferent subcultures to metropolitan areas, has an important role.Immigration also shows a meaningful relationship with homelessness;therefore, social deprivation rates and social support can be predisposingfactors for homelessness that are associated with imbalance in the destinationcommunity for immigrants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Social factors associated with crime rates of women in Tabriz prison.
Hussein Banifateme Ramin BabainezhadThe present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against MoreThe present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against women at home and the unsuitable friends are the independent variables of the study. The variable was considered as the main research question is the extent of crime of women. The population consisted of 100 women prisoners of whom 79 were selected randomly according to Cochran's formula. The design of the present study was co relational survey and the researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting data. The results showed that crime rate in women are related to precedence of delinquency, a precedence of previous offenses and violence against them at home. But there is no relationship between social control, unsuitable friends and cultural poverty and the crime rate of women in Tabriz prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Examining the relationship between social skills and self-confidence in runaway girls.
Mohammad Reza Iravani Jafar EbrahimiRunning away from home is one of the maladaptive behaviors of adolescents and regarding its adverse consequences, it is one of the social damages of the community. Damage that could affect the individual and community's mental health.Meanwhile there are more concerns ab MoreRunning away from home is one of the maladaptive behaviors of adolescents and regarding its adverse consequences, it is one of the social damages of the community. Damage that could affect the individual and community's mental health.Meanwhile there are more concerns about the increasing number of girls run aways. Girls running away roots in poverty, divorce, extreme prosperity and freedom, sexual assault, addiction, the gap between generations and the conflicts between children and parents. This article examines the relationship between social skills and self-confidence and reduction of the escape of the girls aged 12 to 18 in Isfahan. The results showed that with increased self-confidence and social skills the amount of girls running away from home decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - The Nature and Legitimacy of White Wedding
Jafar Arjomand Danesh Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ayati Asghar ArabianWhite wedding is one of the most common contracts in human society. Marriage in the west is a private and personal relationship and when a woman and a man live under a roof without marriage, even if without the intention or formal and legally registration, live together MoreWhite wedding is one of the most common contracts in human society. Marriage in the west is a private and personal relationship and when a woman and a man live under a roof without marriage, even if without the intention or formal and legally registration, live together and get home, is called as "white wedding". This kind of life is one of the most common ways in the West. In Islam, white wedding is one of the new challenges in Iranian society. Although this relationship has a beautiful title but it implies to an illegitimate relationship and as distant to dignity of Muslim, for it is not a marriage with legal duties. In Islam, the relationship between men and women is marriage when it stands on Islamic rules or legal statutes based on legitimate marriage. White wedding is not considered as a marriage not only in terms of Shia`s jurisprudence, but also in all Islamic religions. It is an obvious crime and prohibited. In this research, which is based on descriptive and analytical method, we study the nature and legitimacy, void reasons and the factors of the tendency towards this type of marriage or relationship, and the ways to prevent its occurrence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Investigating Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh rule and application of intellectual reason
Hossein Samadyar Asghar Arabian Seyyed Abul-Ghasem NaghibiAccording to advances and widespread changes in various aspects of human life and the need to deduce the religious law in new issues, the need for intellectual reason is felt more than ever. To study the Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh MoreAccording to advances and widespread changes in various aspects of human life and the need to deduce the religious law in new issues, the need for intellectual reason is felt more than ever. To study the Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh rule and application intellectual reason, investigation of reasoning jurisprudential and principled texts, votes and fatawas was done based on the content analysis method. The result of the research indicates this issue. About intellectual reason from viewpoint Imam Khomeini, he considered "intellect" as a source for the inference of rulings; hence he defined the realm between the ruling of intellect and the ruling of Shari’ah. He also considered intellect as an instrument for understanding the the Ketab and the Sunnah. The jurisprudential opinions of Imam Khomeini in some matters clearly indicate the position of intellect in the inference of religious rules in his view. For example, the documentation of the necessity of the establishment of an Islamic state is due to intellectual reason and the preliminaries and intellectual reasoning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Custom and Its Position in the Principal and Jurisprudential Works of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Sadr
sajedeh rasouli Hamid Eivazy Reza RanjbarGiven the importance of custom in deriving religious rulings, especially in new issues, the study of the works of jurists in the use of custom, helps to use it better. Examining the jurisprudential and principled works of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Sadr as influential jur MoreGiven the importance of custom in deriving religious rulings, especially in new issues, the study of the works of jurists in the use of custom, helps to use it better. Examining the jurisprudential and principled works of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Sadr as influential jurists in the evolution of jurisprudence who have proved the authority of custom with strong arguments, is appropriate and worthy to prove this issue. For this purpose, the study of his argumentative and principled jurisprudential texts has been done based on the library method and content analysis and their statements have been reviewed. The main purpose of the article is to find out how they use custom in both theoretical and practical thought. . According to the above purpose, the main question of the article is how the two great jurists in their principled jurisprudential tradition have used custom within the scope of the book and tradition and whether or not they have explained and practiced custom according to their time. Have? The results of the research show that both jurists, while using custom and quoting it in many fields, consider custom beyond space and time, while believing in its authority by the shari'ah and considering the influence of time and place in jurisprudential issues. It is necessary to use the important and practical source of custom in adapting jurisprudence to the current situation and conditions in order to rationality and solve today's problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Necessities of fulfilling the condition during the contract in case of dissolution of the main contract in Imami jurisprudence with an approach based on the opinion of Imam Khomeini
MAHMOUD VAHDAT yaghoub pourjamal Reza RanjbarUndoubtedly, conventional transactions, contracts and agreements in society from the time of human life to the present have been accompanied by a condition or conditions that have. had a special effect, value and validity for the parties from a material and spiritual po MoreUndoubtedly, conventional transactions, contracts and agreements in society from the time of human life to the present have been accompanied by a condition or conditions that have. had a special effect, value and validity for the parties from a material and spiritual position However, regarding the relationship between the contract and the condition, from the well-known point of view of Imami jurists, the condition is subject to the contract and has no independent credit nature. On the other hand, there are cases in which the condition follows .the contract only in terms of creation and can exist independently in terms of survival Therefore, from this perspective and with the idea of separation of condition, dependent condition and condition independent of contract with reliance on existing principles such as Quranic verses, hadiths and special narrations in this chapter, as well as Imam Khomeini's capacity theory, the principle of free will and agreement of the parties , The prevailing custom in society and other principles that have been addressed in this article; In certain cases, it is possible to believe in the independence and survival of the condition and the need to fulfill it despite the invalidity and invalidity of the contract. It has, from a jurisprudential and legal point of view, an exception to the rule of absolute compliance with the condition of the contract in its occurrence and survival Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The simplicity of agents and the stability of the political system (Quranic principles and narration of Imam Khomeini's thought)
df df sg rr fdf dffAbstract: In the Holy Quran, much emphasis has been placed on simple biological necessity. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, a simple life, on the one hand, leads to self-health, piety, empathy, cooperation with the deprived and the oppressed, and taking care of MoreAbstract: In the Holy Quran, much emphasis has been placed on simple biological necessity. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, a simple life, on the one hand, leads to self-health, piety, empathy, cooperation with the deprived and the oppressed, and taking care of their affairs. Extravagance and worldliness and the resulting worldliness are the main causes of neglect, play and forgetting God, and oppression and violation of the rights of others will be its natural consequences. As a result, according to the divine law, the destruction of societies that are affected by this method and behavior and insist on it. As a result of this Qur'anic insight and teaching, the narrations, sayings, hadiths and practical and theoretical life of the Infallibles (AS) are full of dealing with the worldly and otherworldly benefits and benefits of living simply and condemning and condemning luxury, worldliness, pride and arrogance. .Imam Khomeini, who was fully acquainted with Islamic teachings, by using these Quranic teachings and narrations, always in his practical and theoretical life, on the one hand, lived a simple life and avoided luxuries and pride, and on the other hand, With a very obvious concern from the beginning of the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the government officials, political agents, incumbents and senior managers of the Islamic Republic of Iran emphatically on maintaining a simple life and humility and avoiding luxury and welfare And in their own words, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Quranic Evidence and Analysis of Doctrines Introduction Imam Khomeini's Divine Political Will
ABDOL ALI PAKZAD majid mohammadnezhadAbstractImam Raheel, because he was in the position of authority, it is necessary for him to use the four most important evidences, namely the Holy Quran. Also because it was the interpreter of the Bible; In order to interpret the verses of the Qur'an and extract the vi MoreAbstractImam Raheel, because he was in the position of authority, it is necessary for him to use the four most important evidences, namely the Holy Quran. Also because it was the interpreter of the Bible; In order to interpret the verses of the Qur'an and extract the views of the Qur'an based on the Ahl al-Bayt (as), it was closely related to divine revelation.Imam Khomeini, may God bless him and grant him peace, because he was in a position to fall and interpret divine revelation; It was closely related to the Holy Quran.Wills and orders to monotheism, prophecy, resurrection, obedience to the Qur'an, love and obedience to the family, etc. in the words of revelation and the Infallibles (peace be upon them) have been done to remind the innate affairs and permanence in religious affairs and Imam Khomeini, may God have mercy on him. Fearing God Almighty and the Prophets and Imams (as), Huda (as) put a pen on papers to create himself in the attribute of God and the Prophets and Atrat (as), and by writing a will to all people, expressed his faith and intellectual concern for matters. Religious people stated. Imam Khomeini, by writing a divine political will, feared God Almighty, the prophets and the Imams of Huda, to create himself in the attribute of God, the prophets and the family, peace be upon him, and by writing a will to all people, to express his concern about issues. Religion expressed the people.... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Manifestation of Republicanism and Islamism in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran
Nader Mirzadeh Kuhshahi Hasan FarsiIslamic Republic with the leadership of Imam Khomeini was a type government accepted by a great majority of Iranian people after the downfall of Pahlavi’s regime. Question now posed is what impact this government has had on the constitution of Islamic republic of MoreIslamic Republic with the leadership of Imam Khomeini was a type government accepted by a great majority of Iranian people after the downfall of Pahlavi’s regime. Question now posed is what impact this government has had on the constitution of Islamic republic of Iran. Findings in this research are indicative that the Islamic principles are reflected in the warp and woof of constitution. Electivity of the office of supreme leader, presidential, congressional, city councils, official recognition of the individual right and liberty are the most important reflection of Islamic system having its roots deep in the rules and regulations of religion. The necessitation of enacting all constitutional articles and civil laws in accordance to the laws and principles of religion, and also the constitutional requirement of the head of the state to be selected from among the highest religious Jurists are all a clear manifestation of religious principles in the constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The Role of luxury in the Decline of Civilizations and Political Systems based on the Theories of Imam Rouhollah Mousavi Khomeini, Ibn Khaldoun, Abu Nasr Farabi and Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi.
behrouz rashidiMany thinkers have considered luxury and wasting society's resources as factors of degeneration. From the point of view of these thinkers, luxury causes moral deterioration and personal and social corruption. The emergence of this phenomenon among politicians is one of MoreMany thinkers have considered luxury and wasting society's resources as factors of degeneration. From the point of view of these thinkers, luxury causes moral deterioration and personal and social corruption. The emergence of this phenomenon among politicians is one of the most important factors in the collapse of political systems. Some Muslim philosophers and sociologists, such as Ibn Khaldun, Farabi, Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi, have paid attention to this issue with the inspiration of Islamic teachings. Among these thinkers, Ruhollah Khomeini criticized the approach of luxury and aristocracy. He believes that such behaviors cause instability in societies and the collapse of the political system. The purpose of this scientific article is to examine the opinions of these thinkers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - بررسی انگیزه ها، نگرش ها و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین به سوی دوزبانگی
حامد برجسته رضا واثقی علی اصغر یوسفی آذرفاماین مطالعه به بررسی روابط بین انگیزه ها، نگرش ها و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین ایرانی به سوی دوزبانگی (فارسی وانگلیسی) می پردازد. به همین منظور،از ۶۸ والدین زبان آموز جوان، خواسته شد که به پرسشنامه ای پاسخ دهند. لازم بذکر میباشد که هدف پرسشنامه مذکوربررسی نگرش Moreاین مطالعه به بررسی روابط بین انگیزه ها، نگرش ها و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین ایرانی به سوی دوزبانگی (فارسی وانگلیسی) می پردازد. به همین منظور،از ۶۸ والدین زبان آموز جوان، خواسته شد که به پرسشنامه ای پاسخ دهند. لازم بذکر میباشد که هدف پرسشنامه مذکوربررسی نگرش ها، انگیزش، و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین به سوی دوزبانگی می باشد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی دادهها نشان داد که والدین نگرش مثبت کلی، انگیزه یکپارچه٬ و روشهای رسمی درفعالیت های آموزشی خانگی به کار می گیرند.علاوه بر این٬ یا فته ها نشان دادند که همبستگی مثبت معناداری بین نگرش ها، انگیزش و فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی والدین وجود دارد. ولیکن٬ تحلیل رگرسیون خطی دادهها نسبت به متغیر های مربوطه نشان داد که فقط متغیر انگیزه بر پراکنش فعالیت های آموزشی خانگی تأثیر چشمگیری دارد. پیامدهای بدست آمده ازنتایج برای معلمان٬ سیاست گذاران، و توسعه دهندگان برنامه درسی بهمراه برخی پیشنهادات در این مطالعه فراهم شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - ویژگی های روانسنجی یک مقیاس سنجش برای ارزشیابی توانش تعاملی در وظایف زوج گفتار در سطح خُرد
میلاد رمضانی بیوک بهنام سعیده آهنگریبررسی های مربوط به تعامل در زبان دوم که محوریت اجتماعی دارند، در طول 15 سال گذشته تحقیقات بیشماری را به خود اختصاص داده است. اما طراحی مقیاس های سنجش عملکرد تعاملی دشوار است چرا که فرآیند پیچیده ای می­طلبد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا ویژگی های روان­سنجی مقیاس انداز Moreبررسی های مربوط به تعامل در زبان دوم که محوریت اجتماعی دارند، در طول 15 سال گذشته تحقیقات بیشماری را به خود اختصاص داده است. اما طراحی مقیاس های سنجش عملکرد تعاملی دشوار است چرا که فرآیند پیچیده ای می­طلبد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا ویژگی های روان­سنجی مقیاس اندازه گیری کپ (ونگ، 2015) برای سنجش توانش تعاملی در سطح خرد را بررسی نماید. بدین منظور 160 زبان آموز سطح متوسط ایرانی از آموزشگاه زبانی در شهر تبریز بر اساس عملکردشان در آزمون تافل اینترنتی انتخاب شدند. عملکرد تعاملی آنان در چهار وظیفه تعاملی شامل مشاهده تفاوت، تصمیم گیری، تکمیل داستان و بحث آزاد با استفاده از مقیاس سنجش مذکور در ابتدا و انتهای دوره مورد پیش آزمون و پس آزمون قرار گرفت. برای تخمین پایایی در پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون در 13آیتم 4 عاملی این مقیاس، از شاخص همبستگی پییرسون استفاده گردید. علاوه بر آن، 5 تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی از طریق روش گردشی واریماکس به منظور روایی سنجی 4 عملکرد ارتباطی تعیین کننده توانش تعاملی به صورت انفرادی و یکجا مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که مقیاس سنجش کپ از شاخص پایایی قابل قبولی برخوردار است و چهار عملکرد ارتباطی: ارائه استدلال، بسط مباحثات، انجام مساعدت/حمایت و ایجاد ارتباط بین موضوعات می­توانندعامل پیش بینی کننده توانش تعاملی باشند. پیرو این نتایج برخی استنباط های آموزشی و ارزشیابی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - A Study Diversity of Morphological Characters of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in Tajan River and Babolrud River in Mazandaran Province
S. Vatandost Gh.H. Vosoghi Sh.A. Nezami A. Abdoli A. Matin farThe study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinru MoreThe study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinrud, thirty one from Ashekrud, thirty from Kelyareh). Twenty nine morphometric and seven meristic characters were analysed. Using PCA, the best separating characters of populations were determined. Among the morphometric characters, six factors accounted for about 79% of variation within individuals of the three populations including: head width, inter orbital length, predorsal length, pecto-ventral length, mandibular length, total length, head length , eye diameter , pectoral fin length, head depth, postdorsal length , post ventral length ,caudal peduncle length, post anal Length, Adipose fin length. In the case of meristic characters, three factors accounted for 60% of variation within populations including: anal fin ray, gill rackers, dorsal fin ray. The results showed that meristic characters are more important than morphometric characters in serparation of populations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - A Comparative Study of the Scope of Wife's Requirement to Get Husband's Permission while Going out of Home Based on the Shiite and Sunni views
Abdolrasoul Ahmadian Ahamd Moradkhani Mohammad mehdi Ahmadi Ahamd Moradkhani Hassan AbedianAfter the contract of marriage, some rights and duties are imposed to the spouses. One of these rights is the right of subservience. One of the aspect of this right which is agreed upon by all Muslim jurists is that the wife is not allowed to get out of home without the MoreAfter the contract of marriage, some rights and duties are imposed to the spouses. One of these rights is the right of subservience. One of the aspect of this right which is agreed upon by all Muslim jurists is that the wife is not allowed to get out of home without the husband's permission and if happened her act is considered "Nushuz" or disobedience and the wife who has done it is called Nashizah or disobedient and as a result of which she will be deprived form two of her rights: alimony and Qasm. About the scope of wife's duty to ask for the husband's permission, there are several views in Imamiyah Jurisprudence: a group of these jurists believes in the absolute necessity of getting such permission while another group limits this duty to the situation when her leaving contradicts husband's right of having an absolute sexual pleasure from his wife. Sunni jurists have similar views. The comparison of views expressed by both Shiite and Sunni jurists indicates that most Imamiyeh Jurists and most jurists belonging to the Shafei, Maleki and Hanbali jurisprudential schools believe in the absolute necessity of getting permission and believe that the wife is allowed to get out of home without her husband's permission only in emergency cases. In contrast, some of the Shiite jurists believe in the limited necessity of having such permission and say it is necessary only in cases when her leaving causes the husband to get deprived from accessing her for sexual purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Reason of Usul Science from the Perspective of Imam Khomeini (General Method of Ijtihad in Usul Science)
Mostafa Hamedani Usul science is a knowledge to study reasons of fiqh and to represent the rules of inference in fiqh. But there are very important questions about methodology of Usul science. What are reasons of Usul science? What rules does Usul science argue? Res More Usul science is a knowledge to study reasons of fiqh and to represent the rules of inference in fiqh. But there are very important questions about methodology of Usul science. What are reasons of Usul science? What rules does Usul science argue? Response to these questions explains the foundations of production, development, refinement, critique and evaluation in Usul science. So the current study aims to draw an inference from Imam Khomeini's original works and opinions, so reasons of Usul science can be investigted in a case study from his perspective. In this study, the rules of reasoning are summerized in each problem of Usul science and then common patterns that are subjected to inductive method in these cases are defined. Consequently, general pattern is achieved from methods of Usul reasoning. This pattern has nine reasons: lexical analysis that refers toanalysis of word’s first meaning that comes to mind; conventional analysis comes in 3 forms: rational analysis (rational method), generalization (speech refers to common noun and thing) or performance analysis of conventional masters; innate understanding that does not need theoretical reasoning because it itself is reason; rational reasoning that is argumentation based on philosophical wisdom; narrative reason that includes narratives of infallibles; hybrid reason comes in two forms: rational – narrative reason and rational – literal reason. In addition to extracting this inductive pattern, the current study does not ignore the explanation of each reason’s quiddity, their dimensions and pathological discussion around them. Manuscript profile -
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241 - A Study on the Meaning of Replacing Presumptive Evidence (Amara) and Practical Principles with Certitude in the Light of Imam Khomeini's Opinion
ahmad mortazi Hossen HajihoseniIn the issue of the replacement of presumptive evidence (amarat) and principle with types of certitude (qate), two arguments are put forward: the first argument is that what kinds of qate these are replaced with. The second is that wether the use of preumptive evi MoreIn the issue of the replacement of presumptive evidence (amarat) and principle with types of certitude (qate), two arguments are put forward: the first argument is that what kinds of qate these are replaced with. The second is that wether the use of preumptive evidence and principles in place of certitude by men of reason denotes its replacement with certitude. As for the first argument, the fundamentalists expressed different points of view and each has their own reasons and adherents. Out of these, Imam Khomeini believes that presumptive evidence and principles only take the place of the incomplete certitude to the situation, not the complete certitude to the situation, or incomplete or complete descriptive sitution, or the pure situation certitude. As for the second issue, the well-known fundamentalists believe that the presumptive evidence and principles are used as the replacement of certitude, and in case of lack of certitude, men of reason definitely use presumptive evidence and principle in place of certitude on a regular basis. On the contrary, Imam Khomeini believes that the argument for the replacement of presumptive evidence with certitude is basically inaccurate and men of reason have acted upon certitude in its presence and in its absence and the presence of reasonable sign, they act upon that sign and evidence without concern for its replacement or downgrading (tanzil). That is because, from the point of view of Imam Khomeini, validity of the rational presumptive sign does not depend on the validity and reliability of presumptive evidence and complementary aspect of revealing reality, but rather has an independent validity. Based on this, we should not look for legal rendering as complementing the disclosure to the presumptive evidence, to act upon certitude. This study used a descriptive-analytical approach and library resources to examine different opinions and their evidence and emphasize the accuracy of Imam Khomeini's opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The Jurisprudential Study of the Legitimacy of “al-Kharaj be al-zaman” Rule and Its Importance in the Economic Resilience Based on the Imam Khomeini's Viewpoints
shahla molavi Faezeh Moghtadai Abdolmajid SHeykhiJurisprudential rules form the basis of our country's civil law. Accordingly, In this paper, while studying the “al-Kharaj be al-zaman” rule using a descriptive-analytical method, its legitimacy is confirmed by ensuring that the issue of the narration is fro MoreJurisprudential rules form the basis of our country's civil law. Accordingly, In this paper, while studying the “al-Kharaj be al-zaman” rule using a descriptive-analytical method, its legitimacy is confirmed by ensuring that the issue of the narration is from a Massoum (AS) due to the existence of similar narratives to the rule, the practice of earlier jurisprudents and non-contradiction with jurisprudential principles. Because this narrative is damaged in the Shiite sources but is well-known in Sunni sources as a Fatwa reference. On the other hand, the difference between the latter and earlier jurisprudents views about the acceptance of a weak hadith clearly reveals the change in the criterion of a weak hadith for the earlier and latter jurisprudents. Because the earlier have considered the confidence in issuing hadith from a Massoum (AS) as the criterion of authenticity. The rule states that the profit is subordinate to the property of a commodity, and the guarantor of a commodity will be profited from the benefits. The concept of “Zaman” in the rule includes two different views. In this paper, while discussing both views, the importance of the aforementioned rule in the economic resilience and the role of taxation in providing economic security are addressed according to Imam Khomeini's governmental sight to the rule. Obviously, the emergence of the emerging issues necessitates the importance of achieving jurisprudential rules in the context of time and place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Epidemiological study of acute food poisoning recorded at Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah during 4 years period (2008-2011)
کیومرث Sharafi مسعود Moradi عبداله Dargahi زهرا Rezaee سروه Khamoushi مرضیه Naderi Foodborne diseases remain as one of the world’s major health problem that often poses severe and immediate danger. Epidemiological studies have essential role in identifying the contamination sources, transmission routes and prevalence rates of foodbo More Foodborne diseases remain as one of the world’s major health problem that often poses severe and immediate danger. Epidemiological studies have essential role in identifying the contamination sources, transmission routes and prevalence rates of foodborne diseases, as well as establishing the prevention/control strategies. The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey on acute foodborne diseases recorded at Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah during 4 years (2008-2011). For this, the information of patients was extracted using 165 medical files. Using Chi-Square test, the relationship between the occurrence of foodborne diseases and different variables was determined. Considering the season, gender and age of the patients, it was revealed that most incidences of foodborne diseases were observed in spring, male patients and age group of 15 to 30 years. The incidence trend of foodborne diseases was increased from 2008 to 2011. Moreover, there were a significant relationship among incidence of foodborne diseases with season, month, gender and age group (P < 0.01). According to the results it is crucial that the responsible authorities bring about the public educations to increase the public awareness using radio, TV shows, newspapers, and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Histopathologic study of the effect of low level Gallium-Arsenide laser on healing of grade 3 cutaneous burns in the rat
siamand bastani علی rezaeiThe healing of burn wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process which leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of burn wounds. MoreThe healing of burn wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process which leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of burn wounds. This study was conducted to investigate the morphometric and histopathologic effects of laser therapy on healing of third degree burns in rats. For this purpose, 64 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups consisting of Group 1: low level laser therapy (11.7 energy/cm2), Group 2: high level laser therapy (17.5 energy/cm2), Group 3: treatment with nitrofurazone ointment and Group 4: control. Burn wounds were created in all treatment groups by placing a 22 mm cylinder connected to a kettle containing 5 liters of hot water on the skin for 3 seconds. Histopathologic examination confirmed the creation of third degree burn wounds. Gallium-Arsenide laser was used in the study. Histopathologic examination was performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Morphometric evaluations indicated significantly increased wound contraction in laser treated animals particularly in group 1 compared to control group. Also in both laser treated groups, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased angiogenesis and presence of fibroblasts along with increase in the thickness of epithelium was observed. The results showed significantly improved wound healing in laser treated groups in comparison to nitrofurazone treated and control groups on all evaluation times indicating the wound healing effects of laser therapy on third degree cutaneous burns of rats. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Comparative histomorphometric study of small intestine in broiler chicken using the closed-Clarke, opened-formalin and closed-formalin fixation methods
Aref Mahmoodtabar Mohammad Amir karimi TorshiziTissue fixation is a vital step in preparation of samples for histological studies and mistakes at this stage could lead to irreversible damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sample preparation-fixation methods on histomorphometic indices of s MoreTissue fixation is a vital step in preparation of samples for histological studies and mistakes at this stage could lead to irreversible damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sample preparation-fixation methods on histomorphometic indices of small intestine of broilers. Thirty 10 day old broilers of Ross 308 strain were used in the study. Segments of small intestine were washed and prepared as opened or closed sections. The closed sections were fixed in 10% saline-formalin. The opened samples were cut at the mesenteric line and were fixed by 10% saline-formalin. In Clarke’s fixation the ends of samples were sealed by string and Clarke’s solution was injected into the lumen. Fixed samples were subjected to paraffin embedding and 5 µm sections were cut using rotary microtome and sections were stained by Eosin-Hematoxylin and Alcian blue. In each section the villus height, villus thickness, crypt depth and goblets’ density were measured under light microscope and the villus surface index was also calculated. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a completely randomized design with three treatments and 30 observations. The results indicated that method of preparation-fixation had a significant effect on morphometric indices (p<0.01). The closed-formalin’s samples had the greatest villus height and crypt depth values in all three intestinal segments, while the lowest values were observed in closed-Clarke’s method (p<0.01). Closed-Clarke’s samples had the thickest villus in all three parts of small intestine followed by closed-formalin’s and opened-formalin’s samples (p<0.01). Villus surface area was highest in closed-formalin fixed samples (p<0.01). Considering simplicity of the method, low cost, better mucosal protection and lack of severe tissue changes observed in closed-formalin’s method, this method was considered as a method of choice in histomorphometric studies of poultry small intestinal mucosa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - The effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction on frozen sperm quality of Ghezel ram
parisa shafaati gh moghaddamThe ability of sperm to move and reach the oocyte for fertilization and fertility depends on different factors such as morphometry, liquefaction and semen viscosity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of sem MoreThe ability of sperm to move and reach the oocyte for fertilization and fertility depends on different factors such as morphometry, liquefaction and semen viscosity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of semen on Ghezel ram frozen sperm quality. Semen was collected once a week for 3 weeks from 5 Ghezel rams. Initial assessments included total and progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm percentage, concentration, viscosity, morphometry, and liquefaction. Samples with a concentration of 2.5 billion sperm and a progressive motility of over 70% were used for dilution. After dilution, straws (0.25 ml) were filled and after cooling and reaching the temperature of 5°C in the refrigerator, were placed 4-5 cm above liquid nitrogen for 8-10 min and then, ultimately were immersed in liquid nitrogen. The traits of motility and sperm health were assessed on days 0, 20, 40 and 60 of cryopreservation. The results showed that motility traits and viability were significantly reduced over time of cryopreservation (p<0.05). Furthermore, the results of this study showed a negative and significant correlation between drop length and plasma membrane health (p<0.05). Also, it was shown that there was a positive and significant correlation between semen string length and total motility (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between liquefaction and total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between tail length and total sperm length with plasma membrane health (p<0.01). The findings of the present study indicated that the shorter the liquefaction time, sperm tail length and total length of sperm, the qualitative traits of sperm will be better preserved in the freezing process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Histologic and histomorphometric study of epididymis after immobilization stress in mice
esmaiel safavi hadi khayyatnouriImmobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobiliz MoreImmobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue in mice. In this study 140 adult male mice were randomly divided in to 7 groups as test and 7 groups as control animals. In test groups,the animals were subjected to immobilizationstress for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. In control groups,the animals were only handled. After the experimental periods, blood samples were collected for measurements of serum cortisol and testosterone and epididymal tissue samples were obtained for histologic and histomorphometric study. The results of this study showed that level of testostrone in all test groups significantly decreased in comparison tothe control groups(p<0/05). Cortisol level in test group at 1, 3, 7, and15 days significantly increased (p<0/05) and in other groups no significant difference was observed. Histological study showed that in groups which were stressed for 30,45 and 60 days ,in head ,body and tail of epididym ,diameter of tubules were decreased and interstitial tissue significantly increased (p<0/05). thickness of epithelium in head and body of epididym and in the tail region significantly decreased (p<0/05) in groups which were under stress for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and 30, 45and 60 days respectively (p<0/05). Result of this study confirmed adverse effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue with increasein time of stress, side effects also increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - A histomorphometric study of pancreatic islets in the mature domestic duck of western Iran
بهزاد Mobini The aim of this study is to determine the diameter and number of pancreatic islets of the duck. Histomorphometric studies were carried out on the pancreas of adult male and female domestic ducks of western Iran with an average age More The aim of this study is to determine the diameter and number of pancreatic islets of the duck. Histomorphometric studies were carried out on the pancreas of adult male and female domestic ducks of western Iran with an average age of 26-30 weeks using hematoxylin-eosin and special stainings, light microscope and ocular micrometer. The islet diameters were found to be between 65.7 and 115.2 microns. The ducks had fewer islets (42.87%) yet with greater diameters (95.9 microns) but in the drakes there were more islets (57.13%) with smaller diameters (83.5 microns). The least number of islets with the greatest diameter were observed in the ventral pancreatic lobe of female ducks while the most number of islets with the smallest diameter were seen in the ventral pancreatic lobe of male ducks. Overall it can be concluded that the diameter and number of pancreatic islets of the duck varies in different parts of the gland and between the sexes and there is an inverse relationship between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Investigating the Factor Structure and Validity of Teacher Empowerment Scale
zahra shokooh shamsadini Vida Andishmand zahra zeinaddini Mitra Kamyabi Measuring and enhancing teachers' empowerment for developing and maintaining a high-performance and flexible workforce is essential; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the teacher empowerment scale. This descriptive study was conducted using psyc More Measuring and enhancing teachers' empowerment for developing and maintaining a high-performance and flexible workforce is essential; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the teacher empowerment scale. This descriptive study was conducted using psychometric method. The statistical population included all teachers working in Kerman province in 2022. The number of samples was determined according to psychometric criteria to 100 people for the convergent validity section, 750 people for the structural validity section and 100 people for reliability. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. The research data were collected electronically by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones through two scales of teacher empowerment of Ozkan Hidiroglu and Tanriyogen and psychological empowerment of Spreitzer and Mishra. To examine the validity of the scale, content validity, concurrent validity, and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was examined using internal consistency and split-half reliability methods. The results showed that the scale has content and concurrent validity (P<0.001). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the teacher empowerment scale consists of four factors and has appropriate validity. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the four-factor model. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the whole scale and subscales ranged from 0.81 to 0/94, indicating the appropriate reliability of this scale. The 37-item teacher empowerment questionnaire can be used to assess teacher empowerment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Role of Perceived Parent Goal Orientations, Home-University Dissonance, and Neighborhood Space Dissonance on the Students’ Academic Cheating
Abolfazl faridThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of perceived parent goal orientations, home-university dissonance, and neighborhood space on the students’ academic cheating at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. To this end, from among the students of th MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of perceived parent goal orientations, home-university dissonance, and neighborhood space on the students’ academic cheating at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. To this end, from among the students of the aforementioned University who were about 6000 students, a sample including 404 students was selected through stratified random sampling. The instruments to collect the data were the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS) designed by Midgley et al. (2000). The reliability of all scales was over 0.75. The data were analyzed through running a stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Perceived parent goal orientations, neighborhood space and home- university dissonance as independent variables, and studentsʼ academic cheating as a dependent variable were analyzed. The independent variables could explain 0.12 of the total academic cheating variance. Home university dissonance and perceived mastery goal orientations could meaningfully predict the students’ academic cheating. Home-university dissonance with the coefficient of 0.293, and perceived parents goal orientations the coefficient 0.124 with 0.124, had the greatest role on the students’ academic cheating respectively. It was concluded that the higher home - university dissonance and perceived parent mastery goal orientation is the higher studentsʼ academic cheating behavior would be Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The Effect of Homework on Mathematics Achievement of Sixth Grade Elementary School Students in Urmia
Hasan Yousefzadeh Parviz SarandiThe aim of this study was to investigat the effect of homework on mathematics achievement of sixth grade elementary students in Urmia. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of a MoreThe aim of this study was to investigat the effect of homework on mathematics achievement of sixth grade elementary students in Urmia. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth grade students during the academic year 1393-1394 in Urmia. The sampling method was multistage random sampling in which 60 students in three experimental and one control groups (each including 15 students) were selected. To gather the data, the participants’ mathematics achievement tests scores, and Ravens standard progressive matrices were used. To analyze the data, the researchers used covariance analysis. The results showed that all three types of assignment, practice, preparation, and combined, have an effect on the participants’ mathematice achievement, but the effect of combined assignment (practice and prepation) were more than the effect of practice and preparation alone. Also, the effect of preparation assignment was far more than practice assignment. Based on the findings it can be concluded that teachers and education staff can assign practice and preparation assignment together to improve studentsʼ educational outcomes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Psychometric Characteristics of Work Domain Goal Orientation Questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers
Yasser RezapourThis study was to Psychometric characteristics of work domain goal orientation questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers. As a descriptive study, populations were all Ashkezar and Meybod city teachers, 448 ones were selected by categorical random sampling. Data we MoreThis study was to Psychometric characteristics of work domain goal orientation questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers. As a descriptive study, populations were all Ashkezar and Meybod city teachers, 448 ones were selected by categorical random sampling. Data were gathered by work domain goal orientation questionnaire (VandeWalle, 1997), Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (Weiss et al., 1967), and job performance questionnaire (Patterson, 1992) and then analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. Face validity was checked via item impact approach showing the appropriate face validity of questionnaire. Content validity was confirmed by CVI and CVR indexes. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three factor structure of the questionnaire including learning goal orientation, performance-prove, and performance-avoid. Correlation between this questionnaire, job satisfaction, and job performance showed the questionnaire possesses an appropriate divergent and convergent validity (p<.05). Finally, reliability of the questionnaire using test-retest method for learning, performance-prove, and performance-avoid goal orientation was.81,.76, and.75, respectively (p<.05) and using Cronbach alpha was.92,.88, and.85, respectively. It can be concluded Farsi version of work domain goal orientation questionnaire in Iranian teachers possesses an appropriate validity and reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Psychometric Properties and Standardization of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) Among Third Grade Female High School Student in Tehran
Mozhgan Hassani Mohammad Ali NadiThe purpose of the present study was to standardize and study the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the scale of positive and Negative experience. 401 third grade students were multistage cluster randomly selected as sample of the study from high sch MoreThe purpose of the present study was to standardize and study the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the scale of positive and Negative experience. 401 third grade students were multistage cluster randomly selected as sample of the study from high school in Tehran in the academic year 2015-16. The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed by Chronbachʼs Alpha, checking the construct and concurrent validities. The reliability of the scale using Chronbachʼs Alpha, Guttman, Spearman for positive feelings were 0.84, 0.70 and 0.80 and for Negative Feelings 0.78, 0.65 and 0.74 respectively. Also, the concurrent validity obtained by PANAS positive and Negative Feeling stale for positive and negative feelings were 0.87 and 0.83 respectively. The results of the factor analysis show that this scale holds two factors with suitable fit indexes. Therefore, the sale of positive and negative experience enjoys a desirable validity and reliability and can be used as a suitable diagnostic instrument Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Factor Structure, Validity and Reliability of School Organizational Health Questionnaire (SOHQ) in a Sample of Iranian Teachers
Yasser RezapourThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of school organizational health questionnaire (SOHQ) in a sample of Iranian teachers. From among all teachers of Ashkezar and Meybod, 448 teachers were selected by ca MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of school organizational health questionnaire (SOHQ) in a sample of Iranian teachers. From among all teachers of Ashkezar and Meybod, 448 teachers were selected by categorical random sampling who completed school organizational health (Hart, et al, 2000), organizational commitment (Mowday, et al, 1979) and School Level Environment questionnaires (Rentoul & Fraser, 1983). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation, and independent t test. The results showed that SOHQ has good face and content validity. The factor structures of 54-, 38-, and 16-item questionnaires of SOHQ were confirmed using confimatory factor analysis. The SOHQ had significant discriminatory validity and also a significant convergent validity with teachersʼ organizational commitment and school organizational climate. Test-retest reliability of 54, 38 and 16- item forms of SOHQ were .71, .78 and .81 respectively. The Cronbach alphas of SOHQ were .94, .87 and .76 in 54, 38 and 16- items forms, respectively. Generally, the results show that the Farsi version of SOHQ has a good validity and reliability in the sample of Iranian teachers participated in the present study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Psychometric Characteristics of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in Semnan University Students
zahra kermani mamazandi Siyavash Tale PasandThe aim of the present research was to validate the difficulties in emotion regulation scale in Semnan university students. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Participants were 439 students of Semnan University who were recruited by stratified samplin MoreThe aim of the present research was to validate the difficulties in emotion regulation scale in Semnan university students. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Participants were 439 students of Semnan University who were recruited by stratified sampling method. All of them completed the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, Dimensions of anger reactions scale and Spiritual Intelligence scale. confirmatory analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for data analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the scale was saturated with the six factors of awareness, impulse control difficulty, clarity, non-acceptance, goal-directed behaviors, and limited access to strategies. The reliability of the scales was acceptance. Also, validity evidences indicated that there was a meaningful relation between the awareness scale, the impulse control difficulties scale, non-acceptance scale, clarity scale, limited access to strategies scale, goal-directed behaviors scale, and impulse control difficulties. There was a relationship between the impulse control difficulties, limited access to strategies, and goal-directed behaviors and range of anger-eliciting situations. Limited access to strategies had the highest correlation with hostile outlook; goal-directed behaviors had the highest correlation with internal anger; awareness had the highest correlation with external anger negatively; impulse control difficulties had the highest correlation with perception of being negatively; and goal-directed behaviors has the highest correlation with spiritual life negatively. Finally, with regard to reliability, validity, administering easy, scoring, and practicality, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale in the students can be used as a valid tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Psychometric Characteristics of Academic Locus of Control Scale (ALCS) in High School Students
Hamid Reza Aryanpour Yaser Rezapour MirsalehThe purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of academic locus of control scale (ALCS) in high school students. The population of the study includes all high school students of Ardakan and Meybod city. A total of 604 students were sel MoreThe purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of academic locus of control scale (ALCS) in high school students. The population of the study includes all high school students of Ardakan and Meybod city. A total of 604 students were selected by categorical random sampling. The data gathered by academic locus of control, E-I locus of control scale and grade point average, and then analyzed by Correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and independent t-test. The results showed that Face and content validity of the scale were confirmed. ALCS had a significant convergent validity with Rotter’s locus of control scale and grade point average (p<.01). The ALCS discriminated between students with high grade point average from those with low grade point average. Investigating of construct validity of ALCS showed one factor structure of the scale was confirmed. Test-retest reliability after a two week interval and Kuder-Richardson alpha coefficient of the ALCS were .83 (p<.01) and .71 respectively. With regarding the results can concluded that Persian version of ALCS has appropriate validity and reliability in participants of present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Examining the psychometric features of Academic Flow Questionnaire in Students
Farrokhroo Jalili Mozhgan Arefi Amir Ghomrani Golamreza ManeshiFlow occurs when individuals are engaged in controllable but challenging activities and tasks which Requires considerable skill and associates with intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The current study aims to consider psychometric features (reliability and v MoreFlow occurs when individuals are engaged in controllable but challenging activities and tasks which Requires considerable skill and associates with intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The current study aims to consider psychometric features (reliability and validity) of Martin & Jackson’s flow short scale (2008) in academic field. Research plan is descriptive cross -sectional and 291 students of Farhangian University Southern Khorasan branch participated voluntarily in this study. Persian version was presented via translation and back translation. Reliability of scale and construct validity were evaluated by internal consistency, split-have’s method and correlation with academic motivation scale (intrinsic motivation and a motivation Dimension), respectively. Total internal consistency coefficient of scale according to Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.85 and Gutman coefficient for assessing reliability was obtained 0.82. Positive correlation of this scale with internal motivation (0.83) is representative of convergent validity and its correlation with a motivation (-0.85) is demonstrator of divergent validity of scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirms single- factor structure. Results obtained from present study showed that Persian version of flow scale in academic field enjoys good validity and reliability, foresaid scale can be used to consider students’ academic flow in teaching – learning situations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The Role of Neighborhood-Oriented Management in Improving the Performance and Productivity of Home Businesses in The Metropolitan Tehran
Sharam Alipour Syed Mahmud HashemiThe current applied, descriptive and correlational study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which neighborhood-oriented management can promote home business performance and productivity in 15 districts of Tehran, the metropolitan capital of Iran. The research p MoreThe current applied, descriptive and correlational study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which neighborhood-oriented management can promote home business performance and productivity in 15 districts of Tehran, the metropolitan capital of Iran. The research population comprised 1500 employees in 15 districts out of whom a simple random sample of 750 was selected based on Morgan Table. The research data were collected using a researcher-made and piloted five-point Likert scale questionnaire comprising 4 factors and 32 items which tapped the participants’ responses. Having collected the research data, we initially calculated the descriptive statistics like absolute and the relative frequency, the mean, the standard deviation and the variance of background and main variables. Further, the data were analyzed inferentially via correlation, multiple regression and F-Test to verify the research hypotheses. The results confirmed the significant positive effect of neighborhood-oriented management on the promotion of home business performance and productivity in the metropolitan city of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Introduction and analytical comparison of classic test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) in psychometrics
Gholamreza GoolmohammadnejhadThe study has dealt with a brief introduction and analytical comparison of two major psychometrics theory i.e. classic test theory and item-response theory along with their privileges and limitations. Although the classic test theory was founded in early part of the tw MoreThe study has dealt with a brief introduction and analytical comparison of two major psychometrics theory i.e. classic test theory and item-response theory along with their privileges and limitations. Although the classic test theory was founded in early part of the twentieth century. Its numerous limitations made the specialists think of means to remove these limitations. In the process of seeking solutions for removal of weaknesses in classic theory, they came up with a new theory in the 1950s which became known as time-response theory. Inspite of its gradual completion and apparent removal of limitations in the course of time, IRT has never been free from limitation and it has always been subject to some objections. For the time being each of these theories has more or less advocates among the educational ,psychological specialists and those who are related to psycho-educational measurements .These theories are not duly known in Iran ,so the present study tries to introduce these theories along with their weaknesses and strengths ,common and different points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - بررسی رابطه رسانههای دیداری و سبک زندگی ( مورد مطالعه: جوانان شهراهواز)
محمود یعقوبی دوست بهروز شاهون وند غلامرضا جولا عزیزعلی مرادیسبکهای زندگی نقش مهمّی در خلق هویّت فردی و جمعی دارد و قادرند الگوهای رفتاری افراد در دنیای جدید را شکل دهند. در این میان رسانه های جمعی سهم عمده ای بر سبک های زندگی و الگوهای زندگی روزانه جامعه داشته و به شدّت تأثیرگذاربوده و افراد تحت تأثیر رسانه ها به سلایق و ارزش ه Moreسبکهای زندگی نقش مهمّی در خلق هویّت فردی و جمعی دارد و قادرند الگوهای رفتاری افراد در دنیای جدید را شکل دهند. در این میان رسانه های جمعی سهم عمده ای بر سبک های زندگی و الگوهای زندگی روزانه جامعه داشته و به شدّت تأثیرگذاربوده و افراد تحت تأثیر رسانه ها به سلایق و ارزش های خود شکل می-دهند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی رابطه میزان استفاده از رسانه های دیداری و سبک زندگی جوانان شهر اهواز میباشد. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه جوانان شهر اهواز بوده که براساس فرمول کوکران و به شیوه نمونه گیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای تعداد 384 نفر انتخاب شدهاند. برای سنجش از پرسشنامههای محقق ساخته استفاده شد. برای تجزیه وتحلیل دادهها از شاخصهای آماری درصد، میانگین، انحراف استاندارد، همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شد. یافته ها بیانگرآن است که بین رسانه های دیداری و ابعاد سبک زندگی(فعالیتهای فراغتی، رفتار انحرافی و انتخاب پوشش و آرایش جوانان) رابطه معنادار وجود دارد، اما بین رسانه های دیداری و بعد خرید لوازم و سبک تزیین منزل و تغییر معیار ازدواج جوانان رابطه معنادار مشاهده نگردید. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره گام به گام نشان می دهد که متغیر شبکه های ماهوارهای، بیشترین تأثیر را درتبیین سبک زندگی جوانان شهر اهواز داشته است. در مجموع متغیرهای مستقل توانستهاند، 25/38 درصد تغییرات متغیرسبک زندگی را تبیین نمایند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Sustainable Development Goals and Homelessness
John Mordeson Sunil Mathew Puzhikunnath SujithraThe United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals encourage countries to solve many social problems. One of these problems is homelessness. We consider those goals which are most pertinent to homelessness according to [13]. We rank countries with respect to the achievem MoreThe United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals encourage countries to solve many social problems. One of these problems is homelessness. We consider those goals which are most pertinent to homelessness according to [13]. We rank countries with respect to the achievement of these goals. We use fuzzy similarity measures to determine the degree of similarity between these rankings. We use three methods to rank the counties, namely, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the Guiasu method, and the Yen method. Overall scores of categories in some basic research papers pertaining to Sustainable Development Goals were obtained by using multiplication of the scores of the category’s targets. Multiplication was used to agree with the philosophy that in order for a high score to be obtained, all targets must have a high score. To support this philosophy in the decision process, we use the t-norms bounded difference, algebraic product, and standard intersection as experts. We also suggest a way the techniques used here can be extended to nonstandard analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Application of prefabricated strategies in the airport based on sustainable transportation approach (Case Study: Imam Khomeini International Airport (RA))
Alireza Jabarizadegan Khosro DaneshjooIntroduction: Nowadays, with the advancement of new technologies in airport design, the traditional methods of airport construction do not meet the needs of modern man, and the need for prefabricated construction is felt more than ever. On the other hand, the use of p MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, with the advancement of new technologies in airport design, the traditional methods of airport construction do not meet the needs of modern man, and the need for prefabricated construction is felt more than ever. On the other hand, the use of prefabricated strategies leads to the realization of sustainable transportation goals, which has not been considered in the design of airports in the country. This issue is very important in Imam Khomeini International Airport (RA) due to its special and strategic location. In the design of the said airport, an attempt was made to use modern architectural methods, regardless of the socio-cultural indicators of the area, and due to its distance from the city center, from an economic and environmental point of view, there are also adverse effects in achieving the goals of sustainable transportation. Methodology: In this research, after reviewing specialized texts in the field of airport design, modern methods of pre-fabrication, as well as the importance of sustainable transportation approach, approaches and indicators of airport design in order to promote sustainable transportation based on the application of the method. New prefabs are examined and extracted. This research, which is practical from the point of view of the goal, and the type of research is a combination, and a quantitative-qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical method of field and survey studies has been used. The required indicators of the research were extracted from the study and review of specialized texts and were given to 50 experts in the fields of architecture, urban planning and aviation in the form of a questionnaire. The method of data analysis is using t-test, Friedman, factor analysis and structural equation modeling method. In this part of the research, smartpls3 and spss20 software were used. Results: The "economic" dimension with an average rating of 2.73 plays the most impact from the point of view of realizing the goals of sustainable architecture through modern methods of prefabrication. In the following, the "biological-environmental" dimension with an average ranking of 1.94 and then the "social-cultural" dimension with an average ranking of 1.33 respectively have the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable architecture goals through pre-construction strategies in the design of airports. Conclusion: The attention of the majority of experts and designers is generally on the economic and environmental aspects of modern pre-fabrication methods, and from the perspective of socio-cultural aspects. and its alignment with the mentioned component is not given the necessary attention, therefore, one of the main reasons for the lack of success and progress of pre-fabrication methods in the design of airports in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development can be attributed to the lack of attention of designers and city officials to He knew the socio-cultural component and related indicators. Therefore, in addition to the two environmental and economic components, we should use the socio-cultural component and its indicators in the design of airports in order to have more social acceptability and, as a result, a smoother path towards the realization of sustainable development goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Structural Analysis and Comparison the Physical Architecture of Educational Spaces for Children, the case study: Amsterdam Center for Homeless Children and Isfahan Autism Garden
Moein Khamse Ashari Seyedeh Marzieh TabaeianAbstractThis article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural i MoreAbstractThis article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural impact and provide clearer answers to identify and address the needs of children who are impaired for some reason. The aim of this study is to find the same answer as a result of comparing two projects implemented in this field. As a result of the background and theoretical foundations, it is inferred that space flexibility is one of the main design factors for children. It is also necessary to use the right and diverse volumes in simplicity and intricacy, the right decorations for the child and the dynamics of the plan. In addition to all these things what is important before designing and starting research is knowing the child and his characteristics and ultimately the unaccompanied child and autism. This research has been done in a fundamental way with a qualitative nature and a descriptive _analytic method and a comparative approach. Library and field methods have been used to collect basic information, Then two case examples are evaluated and compared . To examine the samples, the indicators were first determined for comparison, and according to the description, the examination of the spaces in both samples was considered taking into account the research topic. After evaluating all the points the principles of architectural design common components and distinctions and the positive and negative points of each building were analyzed. The positive and negative points in the findings section were analytically compared to be identified in the Amsterdam unaccompanied child care center and the Isfahan autism garden.Conflict of intrest: None declared.This article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural impact and provide clearer answers to identify and address the needs of children who are impaired for some reason. The aim of this study is to find the same answer as a result of comparing two projects implemented in this field. As a result of the background and theoretical foundations, it is inferred that space flexibility is one of the main design factors for children. It is also necessary to use the right and diverse volumes in simplicity and intricacy, the right decorations for the child and the dynamics of the plan. In addition to all these things what is important before designing and starting research is knowing the child and his characteristics and ultimately the unaccompanied child and autism. This research has been done in a fundamental way with a qualitative nature and a descriptive _analytic method and a comparative approach. Library and field methods have been used to collect basic information, Then two case examples are evaluated and compared . To examine the samples, the indicators were first determined for comparison Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Investigating the barriers to participation in student sports activities during the home quarantine period of the COVID virus_19
Tahereh gholami Samira Akbari Javad Adabi Firouzjah Hossein Ali MohammadiIntroduction:Identifying barriers to sports participation during corona outbreaks is essential to enhance student participation in sports activities. The present study examined the barriers to participation in sports activities during the home quarantine of the Covid_19 MoreIntroduction:Identifying barriers to sports participation during corona outbreaks is essential to enhance student participation in sports activities. The present study examined the barriers to participation in sports activities during the home quarantine of the Covid_19 virus (second semester 98-99 students of Qom University).Methods:This research is a descriptive-analytical and survey type and has been done as an online call. The statistical population included all students in the second semester of 98-99. Finally, 200 people participated in this study as a sample and answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire was a five-point Likert scale whose face and content validity was confirmed by 12 professors of sports management and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha (0.82) from heuristic orthogonal rotation factor analysis to identify factors. Used in the exploratory factor analysis, out of 21 questions in the barrier questionnaire, 21 questions with appropriate factor loading were divided into four factors: environmental, psychological, intrapersonal and time constraints.Results: Environmental factor with an average of 26.90 was the most important factor and time limit with an average of 9.87 was the least important factor. The factors obtained in this study were determined based on the following criteria: a) Initial knowledge of the number of factors based on article review, b) Selection of factors based on specific values greater than 1, c) Using the criterion to describe variance e) Ability to understand adapted factors. Conclusion: Paying attention to the factors (obstacles) identified in this research and removing them can provide the ground for more students to participate in sports activities during the home quarantine of the Covid_19 virus or other similar conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Feasibility of Converting a Commercial Street to Pedestrian-Street in Small Cities, Case Study: Imam Street in Golpayegan
محمدرضا حقی mohammadrezahamid reza haghimostafai hamid reza tavasoli ali reza akhtariTodays, a significant part of everyday life is spent in areas outside the central city street texture due to the connection between the user types, the presence of different classes of people. Therefore, the present study was to become the Imam Street in downtown Golpay MoreTodays, a significant part of everyday life is spent in areas outside the central city street texture due to the connection between the user types, the presence of different classes of people. Therefore, the present study was to become the Imam Street in downtown Golpayegan of the Pedestrian-Street is based on an integrated analysis is studied. This is due to the particular situation in the city streets and commercial applications and services around their daily considerable amount of compression can be mounted and dismounted welcome, good capacity to become the Pedestrian-Street. To perform an integrated analysis of the factors influencing the street into the Pedestrian-Street interior and exterior have been extracted from authentic texts. Then the Imam in "physical-functional", "Transport and Traffic", "economy", "social", "ecological" and "management" is evaluated and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and future threats identified. Then, using a matrix of internal and external factors, the quantitative assessment of the situation of street is discussed. Finally, charting prioritize strategies, it was found that the conversion of Imam Street to Pedestrian-Street is located in an offensive position. This represents relative strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats for conditions to become Imam Street to the Pedestrian-Street. Nevertheless, it is recommended to achieve maximum success of the plan is to adopt appropriate solutions to the weaknesses and threats. Implementation of the multi-stage plan, organize the sidewalks of downtown, remove incompatible applications from the Pedestrian-Street and strengthening of the public transport system, including the initial proposals for the Pedestrian-Street. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Streetscape Design Guidline of Urmia Imam Street
Akbar Abdollahzadeh Ahmad Aftab VAhid EsmaeelzadehTownscape is the first level of interaction and communication between citizens and the urban environment through which cities are understood. Among the areas that city perspective become alive is urban streets which are created to achieve social interactions and meet pu MoreTownscape is the first level of interaction and communication between citizens and the urban environment through which cities are understood. Among the areas that city perspective become alive is urban streets which are created to achieve social interactions and meet public needs. This study tries to identify objective view of the spaces and the methods to apply techniques to develop urban landscape guide for Imam Street in Urmia. Theoretical-practical approach using library and field methods have been used to achieve the desired goal. Knowledge of the studied area shows the turmoil in the body and activities of Imam Street in Urmia and the study tries to promote the objective view. The study area has three main sequences: first sequence is with a governance of social perspective (between Velayat Square and Ataye intersection), second sequence is with culturally-educational perspective (between Ataye intersection and Khayyam intersection) and third sequence is with political perspective (between the Khayyam intersection and Engelab Square). In order to strengthen the rule of sceneries and the relationship between them, present study is trying to improve the quality of the street by landscape design regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Analysis of the Level of Satisfaction Residents of Informal Settlements Using the Codas Model (Case study: City Of Port Imam Khomeini)
hassan sahmpoor abbas maroofnezhadThe aim of this study is to evaluate the social, economic, physical and biological indicators with emphasis on the satisfaction of the residents of the four informal settlements of Port Imam Khomeini. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey based o MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the social, economic, physical and biological indicators with emphasis on the satisfaction of the residents of the four informal settlements of Port Imam Khomeini. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey based on the collection method. The research data were collected based on a questionnaire and Cronbach's method was used to evaluate the reliability of the research instrument and face validity was used to determine the validity. The statistical population of the study is four informal settlements in Port Imam Khomeini city and the number of samples was through Cochran's method. The results of the research are based on the average of all indicators using “ T-test “. The results show: the level of residents' satisfaction in the economic index with 2.22 percent and also in the variables of income-cost, environmental health and security with 2.02, 2.24 and 2.31 the lowest rate among. Other indicators and Has research variables Also, the results of the coding technique show: town Vali -e- Asr (gamma) with Hi value (final values as a function of options) 0/162 first place and respectively: Sabaghan town-Camp B and pump house No. 4 and Jolf al-Molh with 0.056 and -0.063 and -0.154 are in the second to fourth ranks of satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Pathology of Second Homes in Rural Areas of Lahijan County in the Last Two Decades
Manuchehr Mehdipour Teymoor Amar Eisa PourramazanLahijan city with its many natural and cultural attractions has always been one of the tourist centers in Gilan province. The rural areas of this city, with its pristine natural environment in each of the mountainous, foothill and plain-coastal areas, as well as cultura MoreLahijan city with its many natural and cultural attractions has always been one of the tourist centers in Gilan province. The rural areas of this city, with its pristine natural environment in each of the mountainous, foothill and plain-coastal areas, as well as cultural and human attractions, is one of the main tourist destinations of the city. However, the expansion of tourism flows in this city, which is generally accompanied by insufficient planning and management, has had many positive and negative effects in the fields of economic, environmental and physical-spatial.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between second homes and vulnerabilities in rural areas of Lahijan city. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included experts and experts of Lahijan city, 125 of whom were purposefully selected.The instrument used was a researcher-made viability questionnaire whose validity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was 0.79. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and correlation coefficient and analysis of variance. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between all components of livability and tourism of second homes and the expansion of second homes in mountainous and forested areas has been more than coastal areas and the effects of the physical part of home tourism. The second has been more than other sections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Investigating the Enrichment Aspects of the Female Face in Iranian Home School Literature
nasrin jabbar khalaji bonab aziz hojjaji kahajoogh Arash MoshfeghiOne of the ways to access popular literature in Iran is home-based literature based on oral literature, written and taught to students in the old home school. Since woman is one of the most important subjects in the arts and crafts throughout the universe, it is importa MoreOne of the ways to access popular literature in Iran is home-based literature based on oral literature, written and taught to students in the old home school. Since woman is one of the most important subjects in the arts and crafts throughout the universe, it is important to examine the richness of the female form in the works of home school. The purpose of this research, which is a library-based study based on a descriptive-analytical approach, is to investigate the rich aspects of the female landscape in home school literature. Accordingly, 27 home school tales in which female enrichment is visible are selected and studied. The research findings show that the most frequently enriched aspect of the female face in home school literature is her praise of physical beauty. Love is also the main theme of the richness of the female image in romantic poems. Repentance, soliloquy, hypocrisy, humor, cheerfulness, and cursing are also aspects of the richness that make up the lesser richness of a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Morphometric study of landslide monitoring using remote sensing (Case Study Hardang Village South West Isfahan Province)
Mohammad reza nowjavanLandslide is one of natural hazards that cause fatality, compensation and natural resources damages. By combination of natural and human factors, the event of geomorphic transport processes is occurred by instability condition of hillside. The aim of this study was to M MoreLandslide is one of natural hazards that cause fatality, compensation and natural resources damages. By combination of natural and human factors, the event of geomorphic transport processes is occurred by instability condition of hillside. The aim of this study was to Morphometry and determining heave and evaluating changes of an old active landslide in Hardang area which is located 75 kilometers from southern west of Isfahan Province. Various types of hillside instability have been seen in the region, and one of the giant heave is a coluvial near the Hardong village which has been greatly threatening the village. Investigation of Morphometry of the phenomenon and determining the mechanism of these heaves will guide us to control and prevent risks. To assessing the land slide, the scale of heave was determined using aerial photographs of the two periods in 1334 and 1370. Then, the landslide scale at the present time was determined using field works, Google Earth and GIS software. The changes of land slide can be evaluated by comparing the size and volume of the landslide. The results of this study indicates that average heave of this land slide in duration of 56 years was about 32/837 centimeters in year and differences in length, width, perimeter, area and volume of this landslide since 1334 to 1390 the upside is increased (respectively, from 18/389 to 885235/316 cubic meters) indicates that the rotational motion is translational landslides during these years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Prioritization of Morphometric Factors Influencing the Creation Alluvial Fans Southern Slopes of Alborz, in the Semnan Province, Using Multivariate RegressionModels
عیسی Jokar sarhangi رضا Esmaeili سمیه Fakhroddin There are relations between water basins and alluvial fans as important forms in arid and semi an arid region which show the dimensions of alluvial fans and also indicate the impacts of different factors in the formation of alluvial fans quantatively. With r More There are relations between water basins and alluvial fans as important forms in arid and semi an arid region which show the dimensions of alluvial fans and also indicate the impacts of different factors in the formation of alluvial fans quantatively. With respect to the fact that the dimensions of alluvial fans are under influence of their morphometric factors of watershed basins; this research used morphmetrical features to find the most suitable model in the southern slops of Alborz Semnan province. For this purpose, 44 water basins and alluvial fans associated with them were determined using 1:500000 topographic maps. Also for more accuracy Google Earth Pro6 software, were used. In the next stage, 11 watershed physiographic characteristics were obtained including: area, perimeter, mean of height, elevation, gradient, basin length, total length of waterways, and length of the main channel, basin shape coefficient, main channel gradient, and drainage density with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). Then relationship between alluvial fans Dimension as a dependent variable with the quantities of basin morphology as independent variables were analyzed using SPSS software and multiple regression. The results indicate that among the independent factors, the variables of area, perimeter, length, area, channel length, main channel length and the density of water drainage basins, had the most influence on the development of alluvial fans respectively and able to find a regression model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Explanation of Effective Factors on Formation of Homelessness in Tehran Metropolitan Area
Abolfazl Meshkini Elaheh ShakeriMansour Seyyed Ali AlaviHomelessness is a pattern of habitance which does not follow the essential standards of housing. This type of habitance forms based on numerous factors; such as personal and structural factors. The aim of this research is identification of structural factors effective o MoreHomelessness is a pattern of habitance which does not follow the essential standards of housing. This type of habitance forms based on numerous factors; such as personal and structural factors. The aim of this research is identification of structural factors effective on homelessness formation in Tehran metropolitan area. The methodology of this research is practical, based upon the aim and descriptive-analytical, based upon the method and nature. Considering the aims of the research, at first, the factors affecting homelessness formation were extracted out of previous studies and with emphasize on right to city approach (which is the main approach of this research) and categorized into three political, economic, and social groups and into 15 criteria. These factors were written as a questionnaire and were asked from 20 experts (university faculties) to fill it. Through Fuzzy SWARA, which is one of the new methods of MCDM, and then Fuzzy ARAS, each of these factors and criteria were weighted and prioritized, respectively. The results obtained from the Fuzzy ARAS method showed that political and economic factors are the most important factors in homelessness formation by 0.4089 and 0.3909 weights, respectively. Among 15 criteria, the land and housing allocation policies (political factor), commodity land and housing under allocation approach (economic factor) and new urban policies (political factor) and demographic composition (social factor) were the most important criteria effective on homelessness formation in Tehran metropolitan area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Residents` perception in informal settlements and assessing its quality and quantity indexes (case study: Imam Khomeini Hesar residential, Hamedan city)
Somayeh Afshari Azad Arash Osmani Saeed Piri Bahman KhosrowbeigiThe issue of housing and marginalization is common in architecture and urbanization. Informal settlement can be considered as illegal brainchild of this overwhelming phenomenon which is increasing in different dimensions. Regarding, the importance of all existential asp MoreThe issue of housing and marginalization is common in architecture and urbanization. Informal settlement can be considered as illegal brainchild of this overwhelming phenomenon which is increasing in different dimensions. Regarding, the importance of all existential aspects of a city in environmental, economic and cultural basis of development and growth, the study of informal settlement has turned into a serious research scenario attended by social scientists, geographers and architects. This research aims to provide regulations and guidelines for informal settlement to develop them into safe places to live in. The research is descriptive-analytic based on field observation .Thirty five residents of Imam Khomeini Hesar quarter were chosen randomly and they were asked to fill the questionnaire .The results showed that most of the residents are immigrants from rural areas with little satisfaction from their life places while the indexes of life can be promoted by low-interest loans, easy registering and delivering official documents for ownership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Investigate the effect of surrogacy on reducing social laziness by considering the mediating role of organizational transparency in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee
mehdi mehdizadeh rostam Shekoufeh Zare Peyman PiroozBackground and objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of surrogacy on reducingsocial laziness by considering the mediating role of organizational transparency in the Imam KhomeiniRelief Committee in Fars province.Materials and Methods: The researc MoreBackground and objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of surrogacy on reducingsocial laziness by considering the mediating role of organizational transparency in the Imam KhomeiniRelief Committee in Fars province.Materials and Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptivecorrelational in terms of nature and data collection method. The statistical population of this study is allthe staff of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fars province, which according to the informationobtained, their number is 697, and 248 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. Thetool for collecting field information in this research is a questionnaire which consists of a questionnaireof succession (Kim), organizational transparency (Nashmi) and social laziness (resident). The validityof the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of five experts in this field and was finally approvedby the supervisor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of thequestionnaires. After collecting the questionnaires, we analyzed the data and tested the researchhypotheses using Spss and Lisrel statistical software and correlation coefficient, regression, structuralequation and t-tests.Results: The results of the main hypothesis of the study showed that substitution breeding has asignificant effect on reducing social laziness by considering the mediating role of organizationaltransparency in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fars province (P <0.05, R2 = 0.44). The pathcoefficient of succession breeding on the reduction of social laziness was equal to 0.44, ie with theincrease of succession breeding, organizational transparency in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committeeof Fars province decreases by 0.44.Conclusion: By using succession planning, managers can direct employees to more specializedactivities and lead them to make faster and more dynamic movements, in other words, to relievelaziness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Educational dimensions of Imam Khomeini's thought in building social capital
hasan abdolah zade mohamad reza ghaedi hamidreza haghighat -
Open Access Article
276 - philosophical and Mystical attitude of Imam Khomeini and Rumi;
Maryam Payami Farajullah Barati Maryam BakhtyarThe origin of the philosophy of reason and the origin of mysticism is love, and it has always been discussed by experts throughout history, which one is original. In this article, the philosophical and mystical attitude of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Rumi, as well as the his MoreThe origin of the philosophy of reason and the origin of mysticism is love, and it has always been discussed by experts throughout history, which one is original. In this article, the philosophical and mystical attitude of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Rumi, as well as the historical course of these two categories are examined and discussed. Regarding the historical disagreement from the point of view of these two nobles, we came to the conclusion that from their point of view, both categories They are original and fundamental, and sciences arising from both of these categories are necessary for human happiness. In addition to being a jurist and mujtahid, he was a philosopher familiar with all the foundations of philosophy, and a mystic who reached the goal of the mystics, and Rumi was also a great mystic who was not alien to philosophy, and in his poems, he was one of the supporters of reason, and that is general reason. have been; As he says:The partial intellect led the intellect astray, the palate of the world made the man tastelessMaulavi considers the worldly intellect as the partial intellect and the intellect of the other world as the general intellect and considers the world of intellects as the world after this world. Both Imam and Rumi are unity of existence and they accept the unity of personality of existence and they are of the opinion that the single and infinite existence which is the Supreme Being and all existence and worlds of existence are the manifestation of that single existence. It covers all levels of the world and they believe in the originality of existence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The evolution of the concept of national identity in the Qajar era
Kianoosh Afshari Hamed Ameri Golestani Bahram Yousefi Shiva JalalpoorIran, as one of the oldest countries in the world, has long had a kind of national identity and "nation" and this can be seen in the continuation of the name "Iran". The three building blocks of Iranian national identity are "being Iranian", "religion" and in the new er MoreIran, as one of the oldest countries in the world, has long had a kind of national identity and "nation" and this can be seen in the continuation of the name "Iran". The three building blocks of Iranian national identity are "being Iranian", "religion" and in the new era "modernity". The two ancient layers of Iranian national identity have long been more or less compatible with each other, and have and still have many overlapping elements. With the acquaintance of Iranians with the new world, it caused new awareness in this field and this awareness caused a change in this identity. Therefore, the main question of this research is how this change in the components of national identity was formed in the Qajar (pre-constitutional) era? This descriptive-analytical study has concluded that "archeology", "rewriting", "redefining the homeland" and "redefining the nation" and "shaping the idea of nationalism (in its modern sense)" are the most important components of the "new Iranian identity system". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Evaluation of Home Bias in Consumption and Exchange Rate Fluctuations (DSGE Approach)
Mohammad Akbari mohammad javad sharifzade ali ranjbarakiThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 a MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model has been used. After designing the model, parameters of the suggested model are estimated by Bayesian approach. Reviewing the impulse response functions in the event of exogenous shocks (such as oil revenue shock and technological shock) shows that, with home bias exsictance in the model, inflation and consumption volatility will reduced due to the increased volatility of exchange rate. Based on the results it is recommended that, In order to control endogenous variables (including inflation), In the event of exogenous shocks, especially oil revenue shock, the exchange rate should be allowed to fluctuate more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The Demand for Away from Home Food in Iranian Households: An Application of Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model
hasan farazmand hamidreza hallafiAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economi MoreAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economic and demographic reasons affecting the probable participation and amount of consumption of food away from home has been identified and then the elasticities related to the probable participation and conditional and unconditional consumptions been calculated. The elasticities resulting from estimating the maximum likelihood function of the research under the study indicates that the results of the explanatory factors on the probable participation and the expenses pertaining to the food away from home are sometimes favorable and sometimes contradictory and contrastive. The families themselves and their educational level respectively have a negative and positive favorable effect on the consumption of food away from home. The average age factor of the household has negative elasticity on the probable participation and positive elasticity on costs. So, it has a contrasting effect on the consumption of food away from home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Analysis of Home Market Effect: with Emphasis on Foreign Trade behavior Iran’s Manufacturing Sector
ali falahati mojtaba almasi yahya goliAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the home market effect hypothesis on Iran's industry. Accordingly, International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) two‐digit data of the Iranian industry sector and five major trading partners from 2001 to 2014 MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the home market effect hypothesis on Iran's industry. Accordingly, International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) two‐digit data of the Iranian industry sector and five major trading partners from 2001 to 2014 and the general equilibrium model with the assumption of incomplete competition have been used. The estimation results showed that the home market effect on the total industry has been confirmed. The results also showed that home market effect was positive in 17 out of 21 studied sectors. Therefore, the expansion of domestic demand in various industrial sectors with protectionism of competitiveness along with the strengthening of intra-industry trade with similar demand structure countries can provide a platform for better penetration in international markets and lead to sustainable growth of industrial exports in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - The Home Market Effect on Exports and Manufacturing Products in Iran
Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori Saeed Rasekhi mohammad reza mardaniAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics Center for the period 2001 to 2013. Results show that home market effect exist only in the industry of "production of motor vehicles, trailer and semi-trailer". Therefore, high demand for the products of this industry can lead to exports. In other industries, relatively high demand for the products of these industries in country will generally lead to be a net importer of these goods. Based on the results, investment in the industry, which has the home market effect, is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - The effect of home exercise on quality of life and fitness indicators of women during the coronavirus outbreak
Mohammadali Noudehi Mojtaba Ahmadi Vajihe EbrahimiBackground and Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home exercise on quality of life and fitness indicators of women during the outbreak of coronavirus.Material and Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental studies with a MoreBackground and Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home exercise on quality of life and fitness indicators of women during the outbreak of coronavirus.Material and Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental studies with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental and control groups. The subjects of the study were 60 non-athlete female volunteers who were randomly divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. Measurement tools included a short form of Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-8) and physical fitness tests. The training program of the experimental group included 8 weeks of indoor sports training as a virtual training course using information and communication technologies under the Internet. Research data were analyzed using Student's t-test independent groups using Spss software. Results: Findings showed that after 8 weeks of exercise at home, the average quality of life scores of the active group was higher than those of the inactive group. Agility test scores, lower torso strength, abdominal muscle endurance and static balance increased significantly in the post-test phase (p<0.01).; However, the cardiorespiratory endurance index did not increase significantly for the experimental group in the post-test phase (p>0.05).Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that due to long-term home quarantine, doing sports activities at home can be a good way to use the benefits of exercise and physical activity during the outbreak of coronavirus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Technical and Economic Management of Energy Distribution to Reduce Charging Costs and Reduction
Meysam Saeedirad Esmaeel Rokrok Mahmoud JoorabianProper management of electrical energy in the electricity distribution network is one of the main issues of network operation that high impact of reducing operating costs, reducing network losses, increasing the quality of updates, increasing customer satisfaction and e MoreProper management of electrical energy in the electricity distribution network is one of the main issues of network operation that high impact of reducing operating costs, reducing network losses, increasing the quality of updates, increasing customer satisfaction and etc. can have achieving these goals is possible when the elements of the distribution network act in coordination and awareness of each other. This paper considers this awareness among home subscribers, car charging parking lots and the network operating company has been taken and its benefits have been explored. A two-stage model of energy management in the distribution network is presented. The first stage is related to home energy management in the presence or absence of a load response program, taking into account tastes. Subscribers' personalization is done to bring the results closer to the real world then based on the information sent from these subscribers and determining the residential load profile of the network, electric car charging parking operators to manage according to their limitations electric vehicle to improve both charging costs and network operation parameters. Unlike traditional charging methods, in this method does not require a full charge of car batteries and only the final limit of the battery charge level in terms of energy required for drivers' future trips will be determined, and charging operations will be performed using the discrete charge rate. The results of a review of various case studies applied to a 37-bus distribution network shows that the proposed method has a high capability. In providing customer satisfaction, improving network operation parameters and reducing charging costs and meeting the needs of car drivers will had. This method can pave the way for expanding the level of vehicle penetration in distribution networks and the benefits of the load response program and smart charging maximizes productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Distribution Systems Energy Management in the presence of Smart Homes, Renewable Energy Resources and Demand Response Programs by Considering Uncertainties
Seyed Alireza Alavimatin Pouria Radmehr Amir Ahmarinejad Seyed Amir MansouriIn this paper, a comprehensive energy management model is proposed in order to the operation of a ‎modified 33-radial bus distribution system, in the presence of smart homes. In the proposed model, ‎smart home customers are able to participate in a demand respon MoreIn this paper, a comprehensive energy management model is proposed in order to the operation of a ‎modified 33-radial bus distribution system, in the presence of smart homes. In the proposed model, ‎smart home customers are able to participate in a demand response (DR) program and their comfort ‎index is also considered as the main constraint. The model also considers uncertainties related to the ‎load demand, the generation of renewable energy resources and electricity price. The Monte Carlo ‎simulation method and the ScenRed tool are utilized to generate and reduce the scenarios, respectively. ‎In order to mimic the actual operating conditions, in the simulation, the seasonal variations of load ‎and generation are considered and the operation problem is solved for four seasons.‎‏ ‏A linear AC ‎power flow is also used in the model. Finally, the problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear ‎programming (MILP) problem and solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The simulation ‎results demonstrate that the model proposed in this study is a comprehensive framework for the ‎operation of distribution systems in the presence of smart homes, which not only reduces operating ‎costs but also increases the consumers’ comfort index.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - A Multi-Layer Model for Energy Management of Multi-Microgrids Integrated with Smart Homes and Electric Vehicles
Mehdi Haghparast Amir Ahmarinejad Ahmad Rezaee jordehi Shahram Javadi Mahmood Hosseini AliabadiIn this paper, a three-layer optimization strategy for flexible energy management of the active distribution system under the high penetration of wind and solar renewable energy sources is introduced, in which microgrids are responsible for providing the flexibility ser MoreIn this paper, a three-layer optimization strategy for flexible energy management of the active distribution system under the high penetration of wind and solar renewable energy sources is introduced, in which microgrids are responsible for providing the flexibility services to the main distribution network. In the proposed strategy, microgrid operators provide flexibility services through distributed generation resources, electrical storage systems, smart homes, and electric vehicles. In the first layer of the proposed strategy, smart homes are planned considering the energy and flexibility markets and then announce their final plan to the microgrid operator. In the second layer, microgrids plan their service area according to the plans received from smart homes and then send their participation plan in the energy and flexibility markets to the main distribution network operator. Eventually, in the third layer, the main distribution network operator plans the energy and flexibility markets according to the plans received from the microgrids. The proposed three-stage strategy is modeled as a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved by CPLEX solver in GAMS. The proposed optimization strategy has been implemented on several case studies and the simulation results demonstrate that this strategy can effectively provide the flexibility capacities required for sustainable operation through cheap resources within microgrids, thereby significantly reducing the daily costs of microgrids and distribution network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The Role of Second Home Tourism in the Physical and Environmental Changes of Lahijan during the Last Two Decades (A Case Study of Shirjoopasht Village and Lahijan)
Manuchehr Mehdipour Teymour Amar Isa PourramazanOne of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study a MoreOne of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study area has been associated with a phenomenon called second homes, the results of this expansion has had many negative consequences in physical, economic, environmental, cultural and social dimensions. Rural areas of Lil rural district of the central part of Lahijan during the last two decades with the prosperity of the tourism industry have been associated with the phenomenon of the expansion of second homes. In this research, using descriptive-analytical methods and statistical tests, the effects of the expansion of second homes on physical and environmental changes in rural areas of Lil district have been investigated. The results showed that the expansion of the second homes had the greatest impact on the physical part of the villages. Negative effects of the physical part include: changes in the rural landscape and urbanization of the settlement, disruption of the traditional structure and homogeneity of construction, loss of physical beauty of the village, changes in residential and commercial units. Also land use change, leveling of mountains, increasing waste production and changes in workshop units and local employees are the most important negative effects in the environmental sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigating the Truth of the Concept of Prophecy from the Perspective of Shiite Mysticism
Hoora sadat QozatOne of the important topics in divine religions is the truth of the concept of "prophecy". The problem of prophecy is a problem that, due to its prominent position in religions, has occupied the mind of every thinker interested in theological topics. Jewish, Christian a MoreOne of the important topics in divine religions is the truth of the concept of "prophecy". The problem of prophecy is a problem that, due to its prominent position in religions, has occupied the mind of every thinker interested in theological topics. Jewish, Christian and Muslim thinkers have discussed and written works on this issue. Considering the concept of prophecy in Christian theology, Jewish theology and even Islamic theology, of course, with a theological approach, it seems that what is seen in this regard and around the issue of prophecy in all these statements and works has many gaps and shortcomings and it is not clear, and none has been as close to the truth of this concept as the school of Shiite mysticism. Therefore, the current research is aimed at explaining the truth of the problem of prophecy, to examine it from the deep perspective of Shiite mysticism. For this purpose, most of all the points of view of Imam Khomeini (as) have been taken into consideration. According to the author's belief, correct explanation and understanding of this concept from the point of view of Shiite mysticism, due to its comprehensiveness and inclusiveness, prevents fruitless conversations and leads people to the truth. Also, this mystical explanation of the problem of prophecy can be seen as the answer to many questions and issues raised in this field. Therefore, many topics and issues, such as those discussed and followed in the topic of "prophecy prediction test", in contrast to this lofty and pure view, in principle, do not show anything other than smallness and defeatism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Wisdom and Wise in the Teachings of Islam with Emphasis on Imam Khomeini's View
Meisam Alibalaei Khalil Bahrami Ghasrechami Mohsen FahimThe ways to achieve genuine wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom is an infallible and solid knowledge with a divine source, which is undoubtedly ve MoreThe ways to achieve genuine wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom is an infallible and solid knowledge with a divine source, which is undoubtedly very attractive and tempting to achieve. The present research was aimed at extracting these solutions and reminding today's mankind of the right way to reach wisdom by emphasizing the views of Imam Khomeini in this regard. This research investigated this issue with the library method and the review of reliable sources. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, in order to achieve wisdom and become wise, one must first cultivate the soul. Imam Khomeini (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) has explained its method completely, then, one should prepare the ground for the appearance of wisdom and becoming a sage with solutions Undoubtedly, real knowledge and genuine wisdom are not possible without the care of the truth, but man's effort and knowing the exact way to reach the source of wisdom and applying it in his behavior and action will be effective and will finally bring him to his purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - اثر عصاره ی گل راعی (Hypericum perforatum L.) بر مورفومتری اندام های گوارشی در موش های صحرایی نژاد ویستار
مریم مدحج صالح طباطبایی وکیلی محسن ساری محسن ساری اسرافیل منصوریمقدمه و هدف: گل راعی یا هوفاریقون (Hypericum perferatum L.) حاوی هایپرسین و هایپرفورین می باشد که با رسپتورهای اوپیوئیدی و گابا باند می شوند. اثرات فارماکولوژیک متعددی مانند ضددردی، آرام بخشی، تسکین دهنده، ضد اسپاسم، ضد تشنج، ضد افسردگی و ضدباکتریایی آن به اثبات رسیده ا Moreمقدمه و هدف: گل راعی یا هوفاریقون (Hypericum perferatum L.) حاوی هایپرسین و هایپرفورین می باشد که با رسپتورهای اوپیوئیدی و گابا باند می شوند. اثرات فارماکولوژیک متعددی مانند ضددردی، آرام بخشی، تسکین دهنده، ضد اسپاسم، ضد تشنج، ضد افسردگی و ضدباکتریایی آن به اثبات رسیده است. در این پژوهش دو سطح چای کوهی mg/kg.bw)250 و 500) بر مورفومتری اندام­های گوارشی رت­های ویستار بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: از میان 54 سر موش آزمایش با 6 تکرار، اثر عصاره هوفاریقون در سه تیمار ارزیابی شد. 3 سر موش از هر تیمار جهت مورفومتری معده، روده کوچک و بزرگ و نیز طحال به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. تیمارها عبارت از گروه کنترل (دریافت کننده آب مقطر)، گروه دو و سه به ترتیب دریافت کننده عصاره­ی هوفاریقون سطح mg/kg.bw)250 و 500) بودند. موش­ها به مدت30 روز و به صورت یک روز در میان، عصاره هوفاریقون را از طریق گاواژ دریافت کردند. در انتهای آزمایش پس از بی هوشی، اندام­های مورد نظر ارزیابی شدند. نتایج و بحث: یافته­ها حاکی از آن بود که سطحmg/kg.bw 250 عصاره در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، باعث افزایش معنی دار وزن روده بزرگ شده است (p < 0.05). هم­چنین طول روده بزرگ در سطحmg/kg.bw 250 و 500 در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش معنی دار داشته است ( p ≤ 0.05). توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر می توان از این گیاه در افزایش وزن استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - An Alternative Look at the Foundation of IR of Iran's Foreign Relations: Its Strategic Culture during (1979-1989)
Homeira Moshirzadeh Majid KafiAbstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, MoreAbstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, as the major decision maker in the country. The authors by a scientific method have drawn a comprehensive picture of the strategic culture of Iran on the basis of Imam Khomeini's perception. The article seeks to discover the main components and features of strategic culture in this period through a study of thirty three speeches of Imam Khomeini. These speeches are analyzed in order to show the cognitive map of Imam Khomeini about important issues. It is assumed that this cognitive map can reveal the connection among various factors that would lead to peace and security. The above cognitive map shows a distinctive approach to the issues of threat and defense. Although components such as emphasis on national power, military strength, national spirit and popular support are more conventional, elements such as the will of God, martyrdom seeking, justice seeking and other related values give this culture a particular distinctiveness. It is argued that distinctiveness can be seen as a model for an Iranian theory of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Modernization of Islamic civilization in the international arena, Based on the mystical views and ideas of Imam Khomeini In the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran
mohammad reza shamshiri Mansour ShafizadehImam Khomeini, tried to present a model of Islam and Islamic rule, an oppressive, epic and justice-based school, relying on his mystical thoughts. The Islamic Revolution of Iran was an ideological revolution in which religion was considered the same as politics. This id MoreImam Khomeini, tried to present a model of Islam and Islamic rule, an oppressive, epic and justice-based school, relying on his mystical thoughts. The Islamic Revolution of Iran was an ideological revolution in which religion was considered the same as politics. This ideological transformation is the beginning of the Imam's path to reach a world full of light and purity and to remove the world from filth and darkness. This article has tried to use a descriptive-analytical method while paying attention to Imam's mystical principles in the formation of the Islamic Revolution and the formation of the Islamic government, and what is the role of Imam Khomeini's mystical ideas and thoughts in the modernization of Islamic civilization on a global scale? In this way, citing his views on Islamic civilization and the universal view of Islam in establishing the rule and requirements of the Islamic civilization-building thought, it reaches the point that the Islamic Revolution of Iran was a prelude to the revival of modern Islamic civilization in the late Imam's lofty thought. If the requirements are met, it has the power and capacity of transnational supply and can be the basis for the world government of the Imam Mahdi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - critical analysis of Imam Khomeini's political Islam discourse and the foreign policy approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Rashid Recabian Mahmood Alipour Gorji Saeed AryaAs the founder of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA) had a special view on the constitution and foreign policy, which created a deep transformation in the structure of the country's foreign policy, and has been examined in this research under the title of the di MoreAs the founder of the Islamic Revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA) had a special view on the constitution and foreign policy, which created a deep transformation in the structure of the country's foreign policy, and has been examined in this research under the title of the discourse of political Islam.The issue of what position and role Imam Khomeini's (RA) political Islam discourse has had in formulating and developing the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is raised as the main question of the research. The impact of Imam Khomeini's (RA) views has been especially the central sign of his political Islamic discourse, i.e. "Islamism", and the major indicators of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran have been derived from his thoughts. (hypothesis)The findings of the research show in a descriptive-analytical way and with an analytical-critical view that the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on anti-arrogance, negation of mustache and honor. (research findings) The theoretical framework of the research is based on discourse theory, and the research method in this research is a library, and the data is extracted from books, articles and authentic documents. (theoretical framework and method) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - An Explanation of the Relations between Iran and USA in Imam Khomeini’s Foreign Policy Discourse
Rahim Afsharian Seyed Asadolah AthariAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideolo MoreAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideology. Imam Khomeini considered “Islam” as a different entity so that “others” can be identified in his political identity and perception. Language and ideology emphasizes on justification, production and reproduction of hegemony and unequal power relationship and consider the aim of criticism paying attention to most profound aspect of power in society through exposing the hypocrisy of language. Critical discourse analysis from philosophical point of view is based on social constructivism which by emphasis on human factor reduces the reality to human structure. The aim of critical analysis is to show ideological belief and values which has reflected itself as common sense. Everyone knows that the United States has the role of “hostile” and “other” in Imam Khomeini’s discourse and this role remains until America does not change her behavioral pattern. In response to this question “What are the conditions for normalization of relations between the two countries in Imam Khomeini’s discourse?” factors like “mutual respect” and “change of confrontationist and hostile policy” are recognized. The article by a descriptive method based on library material examines Islamic ideas of Imam Khomeini, his critical discourse analysis in foreign policy and then tests the article’s hypothesis, to prove the general principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - The semantic implications of the home among the residents of Mehr housing: Home as a problematic thing
Yaser Rastegar Fariborz MohammadiHome is one of the most important urban spaces in everyday life to create a sense of belonging in a person and it is a source of identity. Among the houses that are built in cities, the houses of Mehr housing project have a special position and are considered as houses MoreHome is one of the most important urban spaces in everyday life to create a sense of belonging in a person and it is a source of identity. Among the houses that are built in cities, the houses of Mehr housing project have a special position and are considered as houses on the outskirts. The aim of the present study is to describe and interpret the meaning of home among the residents of Mehr housing. For this purpose, by using the interpretive paradigm and qualitative method, the residents of Mehr housing are described from their homes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 residents of Mehr Parand housing in Tehran and the data analysis process was performed by using Gibson and Brown thematic analysis technique. Field findings indicate the problematic meaning of home. The meaning that is constructed under four economic, social, cultural and civil problems and has reduced the meaning of house to a kind of mere shelter and without identity. Finally, it can be said that Mehr houses have meant for these residents to move from the problem of not having a house to the problem of having a house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Sociological analysis of the processes of sleeping in grave (case study :(Zabol city)
Fatemeh Sadrnabavi Asma SefatgolThe phenomenon of Sleeping in the grave has been formed in some cities of Iran. This phenomenon is considered one of the most vulnerable issues in urban society. These people cannot organize their lives naturally, so these particular conditions have caused them to be ou MoreThe phenomenon of Sleeping in the grave has been formed in some cities of Iran. This phenomenon is considered one of the most vulnerable issues in urban society. These people cannot organize their lives naturally, so these particular conditions have caused them to be outside the social connection networks. The present study has investigated with a qualitative approach to identify the processes of Sleeping in the grave occurrence among homeless.The method used is the narrative analysis and has been done using the technique of open and in-depth interviews. Sampling was purposefully selected, and selection was continued until saturation was reached. Narrative research is considered based on the Hoopert method. Validation using the Denizin angle criterion and reliability was based on four criteria: the accuracy of the processes followed, comprehensibility, the use of sufficient documentation and evidence, and the provision of error handling mechanisms. Based on the research findings, three key and constructive models of the burial process can be obtained; 1- Family history of addiction model 2_ Cultural poverty model 3- Social-economic factors model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Sociological analysis of the processes of sleeping in grave (case study :(Zabol city)
Fatemeh Sadrnabavi Asma SefatgolThe phenomenon of sleeping in the grave has been formed in some cities of Iran in recent yeas. This phenomenon is considered one of the most serious social problems in urban society. These people cannot manage their lives naturally, so their conditions have caused them MoreThe phenomenon of sleeping in the grave has been formed in some cities of Iran in recent yeas. This phenomenon is considered one of the most serious social problems in urban society. These people cannot manage their lives naturally, so their conditions have caused them to lye outside mormal social connection networks. The present study, using a qualitative approach seeks to study the processes of sleeping in graves among homeless.The method used is the narrative analysis and has been done using the technique of open and in-depth interviews. Sample was purposefully selected, and selection was continued until saturation was reached. Hoopert’s method of narrative research was utilized. Instrument validation was through Denizin angle criterion and reliability was based on four criteria: the accuracy of the processes followed, comprehensibility, the use of sufficient documentation and evidence, and the provision of error handling mechanisms. Findings indicated that three key and constructive models of the burial process can be presented; 1- Family history of addiction model 2_ Cultural poverty model 3- Social-economic factors model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Constitutional political literature and the issue of national identity
Kianoosh Afshari Hamed Ameri Golestani Bahram yousefi shiva jalalpoorThe main issue of this article is how to address the "issue of national identity" in constitutional political literature, especially constitutional political poetry. One of the foundations of national identity was the emergence of the concept of "modernity" of the natio MoreThe main issue of this article is how to address the "issue of national identity" in constitutional political literature, especially constitutional political poetry. One of the foundations of national identity was the emergence of the concept of "modernity" of the nation in the Nasserite era, with the works and speeches of people such as Akhundzadeh and Mirza Agha Khan Kermani. In the Nasserite era, archeology, attention to the name of Iran, the modern theme of "nation" and redefining the concept of "homeland" were the main components of the new conception of national identity. Using a descriptive analytical method, this article seeks to ask how the "question of national identity" crystallized in constitutional political literature. With the hypothesis that "the issue of national identity, in constitutional political literature, was more than anything related to the modern concept of 'homeland', and this concept was considered with high frequency in the political poetry of this period." The main finding of this study is that by expanding modern knowledge of categories and concepts such as "nation" and "homeland" in the Nasserite era and its expansion in the constitutional era, especially in the political literature of this period, "national identity" as a fundamental "issue" At the heart of constitutionalism, it was considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - ارزیابی صفات ریختشناختی و تولیدمثلی تیپهای بُز شیری بومی در شمال غربی اَمهارا، اتیوپی
ک. آلمایهو د. کبدهدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی تیپ­های بُز شیری بومی بوده است. این تحققی در سه منطقه جداگانه (ابنت، گونجی-کوللا و فرتا) بر مبنای تفاوت­های اگرواکولوژیک، پتانسیل­های جمعیت­های بُز و تجربه کشاورزان پرورش دهنده بُز شیری اجرا گرد Moreهدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی تیپ­های بُز شیری بومی بوده است. این تحققی در سه منطقه جداگانه (ابنت، گونجی-کوللا و فرتا) بر مبنای تفاوت­های اگرواکولوژیک، پتانسیل­های جمعیت­های بُز و تجربه کشاورزان پرورش دهنده بُز شیری اجرا گردید. پرسشنامه­های نیمه­ساختار یافته، مشاهدات میدانی و اندازه­گیری صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی به کار گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سن در بلوغ جنسی نرها در ناحیه فرتا 41/0 ± 04/7 ماه (SE±میانگین) بوده است. ولی سن در نخستین آمیزش بُزهای نر در گونجی کوللا (95/0±84/9) و ابنت (28/1±54/11) بالاتر بوده است. میانگین طول بدن (BL) برای بُزهای تیپ شیری، دو منظوره و گوشتی به ترتیب 58/0 ± 65/59 ، 69/0 ± 87/54 و 74/0 ± 52/55 سانتی­متر بوده است. میانگین طول عقب پستان، محیط پستان و طول سرپستانک­ها به ترتیب 28/0 ± 14/17، 59/0 ± 39/31 و 07/0 ± 71/3 سانتی­متر، 48/0 ± 21/14، 01/1 ± 75/26 و 12/0 ± 41/3 سانتی­متر و 38/0 ± 44/13، 81/0 ± 67/24 و 09/0 ± 01/3 سانتی­متر بود. میانگین قطر عقب پستان برای بُزهای تیپ شیری، دو منظوره و گوشتی به ترتیب 22/0 ± 04/10، 37/0 ± 66/8 و 30/0 ± 01/8 سانتی­متر بوده است. بُزهای ماده تیپ شیری در مقایسه با تیپ­های دو منظوره و گوشتی به نحو معنی­داری دارای مقادیر بیشتر برای همه اندازه­های پستان و سرپستانک بودند (001/0>P). نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که پرورش و تولید مثل بُزها در قالب­های شیری، دو منظوره و گوشتی با توجه به سیستم پرورش آنها تخصصی نشده است. بنابراین ارزیابی صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی بُزهای تیپ شیری بومی با سامانه تولید تخصصی و متمرکز برای افزایش تولید شیر و کارآیی ضروری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Importance of Phosphorus in Farm Animals
S. Manopriya A.A.A.U. Aberathna D.A. Satharasinghe L.J.P.A.P. Jayasooriya M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka C.A.N. Fernando B.P.A. Jayaweera W.A.D.V. Weerathilake G.A. Prathapasinghe J.A. Liyanage J.M.K.J.K. Premarathne -
Open Access Article
300 - اثر باکتوسل و تویوسرین بهعنوان پروبیوتیک، بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجههای خونی و مورفومتری روده جوجههای بوقلمون
م. چمنیآزمایشی برای بررسی اثر استفاده از پروبیوتیک­های باکتوسل (پدیوکوکوس اسیدی­لاکتیکی) و تویوسرین (باسیلوس سرئوس) بر عملکرد، لاشه، فراسنجه­های خونی و مورفولوژی روده­ جوجه­های بوقلمون انجام شد. تعداد 240 قطعه جوجه­ بوقلمون نر یکروزه­ نژاد نیکولاس د Moreآزمایشی برای بررسی اثر استفاده از پروبیوتیک­های باکتوسل (پدیوکوکوس اسیدی­لاکتیکی) و تویوسرین (باسیلوس سرئوس) بر عملکرد، لاشه، فراسنجه­های خونی و مورفولوژی روده­ جوجه­های بوقلمون انجام شد. تعداد 240 قطعه جوجه­ بوقلمون نر یکروزه­ نژاد نیکولاس در سه تیمار جیره­ای با چهار تکرار در هر تیمار، مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. جیره­ پایه بر اساس ذرت-سویا بود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1- گروه کنترل (جیره­ پایه)، 2- جیره­ پایه + باکتوسل (109cfu پدیوکوکوس اسیدی­لاکتیکی به ازای هر گرم جیره) و 3- جیره­ی پایه + باکتوسل (109cfu باسیلوس سرئوس به ازای هر گرم جیره). جوجه بوقلمون­ها در شرایط نرمال از روز اول تا 84 در پن­های جداگانه و روی بستر در شرایط محیطی کنترل شده پرورش یافتند. خوراک و آب به ­طور آزاد در اختیار جوجه­ها قرار داشت. وزن­کشی هفتگی برای تعیین میانگین وزن جوجه­های هر پن انجام شد. مصرف خوراک نیز به ­طور هفتگی اندازه­گیری و ضریب تبدیل خوراک برای کل دوره محاسبه شد. در روز 84 پرورش، 8 جوجه از هر تیمار برای اندازه­گیری فراسنجه­های خونی کلسترول، تری­گلیسیرید، هتروفیل، لنفوسیت و نیز بررسی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی روده­ کوچک به­ طور تصادفی انتخاب و کشتار شدند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از این دو پروبیوتیک تأثیر معنی­داری بر وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک، ضریب تبدیل خوراک، کلسترول، تری­گلیسرید، HDL و LDL نداشت (05/0P>). نتایج معنی­داری در کاهش ضخامت اپی­تلیوم، افزایش طول پُرزها، و افزایش تعداد سلول­های گابلت روده­ کوچک مشاهده شد (05/0P<). همچنین پرندگانی که از این دو پروبیوتیک استفاده کرده بودند، در محتویات ایلئومی خود دارای تعداد کلی­فرم­های کمتری نسبت به گروه کنترل بودند (05/0P<). بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش می­توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از این پروبیوتیک­ها در دوز توصیه شده (109cfu به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک) فاقد اثر معنی­دار بر فراسنجه­های خونی و عملکرد جوجه بوقلمون­ها است. نکته­ کلیدی در استفاده از این پروبیوتیک­ها، اثر آنها در حفظ سلامتی دستگاه گوارش و مقاومت به پاتوژن­ها و نیز پیشگیری از اختلالات گوارشی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Body Conformation Analysis through Biometric Traits in Borgou Cattle Breed Reared in on Station Conservation Farm in Northern Benin
H.S.S. Worogo U. Tchokponhoué Y. Idrissou A.S. Assani C.D.A. Alabi M. Azalou J.S. Adjassin I.T. Alkoiret -
Open Access Article
302 - In silico Methods for Modeling of Genomic Regions for Immunological and Metabolic Gene Modulating to Stress Response in Chicken: Where We Are?
M.S. Ekhtiyari A.S. Sadr M. Shirali A. Javanmard -
Open Access Article
303 - تاثیر مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه مرتبط با ترئونین روی عملکرد تولیدی در جوجههای گوشتی
م.ف. پرالتا آ.ج. نیلسون ر.د. میازوهدف ارزیابی ارتباط مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (Sc) با ترئونین (T)، در جیرههای جوجه گوشتی بر روی عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و تغییرات بافتشناسی روده بود. 100 جوجه گوشتی نر Ross (1 تا 43 روزه) در 4 تیمار D1: جیره پایه (BD)، D2: BD به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک، D3: B Moreهدف ارزیابی ارتباط مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (Sc) با ترئونین (T)، در جیرههای جوجه گوشتی بر روی عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و تغییرات بافتشناسی روده بود. 100 جوجه گوشتی نر Ross (1 تا 43 روزه) در 4 تیمار D1: جیره پایه (BD)، D2: BD به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک، D3: BD به علاوه 30 درصد T و D4: D3 به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای کیلوگرم خوراک. تغییرات تولیدی اندازهگیری شده شامل: متوسط رشد وزنی روزانه (ADWG) (گرم/جوجه/روز)، متوسط مصرف خوراک روزانه (ADFC) (گرم/جوجه/روز)، و نرخ تبدیل خوراک (FCR) بودند. همچنین، بازده لاشه (CY) (%)، وزن سینه (BW) (g)، وزن ران (TW) (g) و وزن چربی شکمی (AFW) (g) تعیین شدند. علاوه بر این، ارتفاع پنجه (VH) (μ)، عمق کریپت (CD) (μ)، منطقه پنجه (VA) (μ2) و نسبت VH/CD اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که D4 بیشترین ADWG را نسبت به گروه D3 (P≤0.05) داشت و بهترین FCR را نسبت به گروههای D2 و D3 ارائه داد (P≤0.05). همچنین، D4 بیشترین BW نسبت به گروه D3 (P≤0.05) و کمترین AFW را نسبت به D1 (P≤0.05) داشت. CY و TW توسط افزودنی تحت تاثیر قرار نگرفتند، BW در گروه D4 نسبت به D3 بیشتر بود (P≤0.05) و AF در D4 با توجه به گروه D1 کمتر بود (P≤0.05). پروبیوتیک نسبت VH/CD را با توجه به گروه شاهد کاهش داد (P≤0.05) و VA در D4 با توجه به گروه D1 افزایش یافت (P≤0.05). همچنین، گروه D3 و D4 بیشترین موکوس را داشتند و تعداد سلولهای گابلت افزایش داشت. در نتیجه پایانی، Sc مرتبط با T عملکرد تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی را از طریق سلامت روده افزایش داد. بهبود در عملکرد تولیدی با یک FCR بهتر که میتواند در کارایی بیشتر استفاده از مواد مغذی انعکاس یابد و میتواند در عملکرد لاشه بهتر تفسیر شود (افزایش رسوب عضلانی و کاهش AFW) تولید خواهد شد. یک روده سالم توسط افزایش در VA و کاهش نسبت VH/CD که میتواند انعکاس دهنده در بالا رفتن عملکرد جذب توسط سلولهای اپیتلیال بالغ بیشتر باشد تولید خواهد شد. همچنین، اولین خط دفاعی میزبان در برابر پاتوژنهای مهاجم میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - The Effect of Architectural Style of Second Homes on Physical Development of Rural Settlements
Aliakbar Anabestani teymour amar samira kavianiConstruction of the second homes is one of the interests of tourists to visit villages, which often is built with the purpose of spending leisure time in the rural areas and have positive and negative effects on the rural atmosphere in many aspects, especially the physi MoreConstruction of the second homes is one of the interests of tourists to visit villages, which often is built with the purpose of spending leisure time in the rural areas and have positive and negative effects on the rural atmosphere in many aspects, especially the physical body, which along with tourism development consists of more complex dimensions, and the need to analyze and explain these effects is felt more than ever. The present study has been done to investigate the effect of architectural style of second homes on the physical development of rural settlements in Kelardasht town. This study is functional in term of purpose, and is descriptive-analytic in term of method and nature. To gather data, the documentary research method and field research method have been used. The population of the research is nine rural settlements in Kelardasht town in which, building the second homes was remarkable. According to Cochran's, in the villages, the sample size of the households under questioning were 110 households, who were randomly selected from among the peasants and owners of second homes.By studying the dimensions and indicators of research variables, this fact could be found out that the highest level of satisfaction with the architectural style of second homes is(4.06) in the Telochal village, and the lowest value is (3.42) in Peyghale village. Also, in the case of a physical development variable of rural settlements, the highest level of this variable is (3.09) in Taeb Kola village.Also, the effectiveness of architectural style variable of second homes on physical development of rural settlements has been estimated around 0.3 percent, which reflects the low impact of architectural style of second homes on physical development of rural settlements. Only, architectural style of second homes has caused the development of rural settlements in improving the infrastructure services dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Evaluation of Subjective Social Sustainability among Citizens in Hesar-e-Imam Informal Settlement in Hamedan City
Ahad Momen Pour Aliabad Kianoosh ZakerhaghighiUrban Areas’ function as productive center for political and socio-economic development of countries has been faced great challenges in forms of environmental degradation, insecurity, unemployment, lack of housing, traffic congestion and informal settlements. In r MoreUrban Areas’ function as productive center for political and socio-economic development of countries has been faced great challenges in forms of environmental degradation, insecurity, unemployment, lack of housing, traffic congestion and informal settlements. In recent decades, most of metropolitan areas, as a matter of unplanned rural-urban immigration and natural increase of city populations, has been witnessed appearance of informal settlements which can be marked by poverty and malfunction of socio-economic situations. Scrutinizing survey in these settlements shows that level of social sustainability are low in them. The research tries to investigate level of subjective social sustainability in accordance with citizens’ inspirations and conceptions from quality of life perspective. Structural equation modeling is used for evaluation of variables’ relations and analyzing the questionnaires. Results shows that education criteria via two indexes of accessibility to educational services and literacy, hygiene criteria via two indexes of accessibility to hygienic facilities and accessibility to drinking water and sewage facilities, and quality of life criteria via two indexes of accessibility to public transportation and housing quality, are important criteria for social sustainability of the area. Omission of participation criteria from the important ones show that the area needs to be focused by social researchers and practitioners for empowering Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The Relationship between Imam Relief Committee Policies and Economic Empowerment Indicators for Rural Covered Households Case Study: Central District of Guilan Province
Alireza Mohammadi Teymour Amar Nasrollah MolaeihashjinEmpowerment is one of the new ways of development aimed at improving performance, increasing productivity, capacity utilization and preparing for future challenges.The term 'empowerment' generally means the capacity of the individual or group to determine their own affa MoreEmpowerment is one of the new ways of development aimed at improving performance, increasing productivity, capacity utilization and preparing for future challenges.The term 'empowerment' generally means the capacity of the individual or group to determine their own affairs. The term has been widely used in a variety of fields including psychology, management, education, women's studies and sociology. In this research the issue of economic empowerment of rural households covered by Imam Relief Committee regarding the main policies of this committee in the central area of Guilan province using was studied using questionnaire technique by the number of 345 cases.Based on the results of the study, among the two indicators studied in the economic sector, which were qualitatively examined through the Likert spectrum, the subsistence level of households with a mean score of 2.52 is better than the financial independence index. In second place is the level of financial independence of clients with a mean score of 2.45.Based on the results of the study, among the four policies studied, Satisfaction with the credit guidance policy of targeting subsidies to households with a mean score of 2.78 is ranked first. In second place is satisfaction with insurance service policy with average score of 2.67. Satisfaction with the policies of rural housing provision and repayment of credit are also ranked third and fourth with average scores of 2.61 and 2.53.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Assessment of the Second House Tourism Role on the Quality Of Life of Permanent Residents (Case Study: Saidabad Counnty- Ijrud Township)
Azam Bigdeli Jamshid Einali Alireza Rabet Fariba AbbasiRural tourism as a socio-economic activity can play an important role in diversification of rural economy by creating job and income opportunities; this can also help to improve and enhance the quality of life in rural communities. The purpose of this study was to inves MoreRural tourism as a socio-economic activity can play an important role in diversification of rural economy by creating job and income opportunities; this can also help to improve and enhance the quality of life in rural communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of second houses tourism on life quality of permanent residents in rural areas of Saidabad County in Ijrud Township (Zanjan Province). In this applied research we have used descriptive- analytical methods. For data collection, field techniques such as questionnaire and interview were used. For data analyzing, statistical tests such as one sample t-test, correlation and multiple variable regression were used. The sample includes villages in Saidabad County and from the total number of 818 households, 216 cases were chosen by using Cochran formula. The results of study show that tourism developments in the last decade have had positive impacts on the criteria of life quality in rural areas. On the other hand, results of regression analysis, according to R square coefficient (0.924), indicate the positive effect of second houses tourism development on improving the residents' life quality indicators in the study area; so that among the impacts of developing second houses tourism on life quality, economic (0.450) and physical- infrastructural (0.349) aspects respectively have had the most direct impact on life quality index from the viewpoints of local residents; and also the result of path analysis shows that second houses tourism development has had the greatest impact on residents' life quality in economic (0.716) and physical- infrastructural (0.640) dimensions respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - The phenomenon of perceptual perception and perceptual experience of native home (Case Study : Medbaq of Mokrian region Homes)
Bayezid Golabi Qader Bayzidi Arsalan Tahmasbi Jalil SahabiThe present research seeks to explore the meaning of the architecture of the native houses of the Mukherian region of Iran, which is based on the sense of experience and perceptual experience. The ultimate goal of the research, the pure attitude toward the senses and th MoreThe present research seeks to explore the meaning of the architecture of the native houses of the Mukherian region of Iran, which is based on the sense of experience and perceptual experience. The ultimate goal of the research, the pure attitude toward the senses and the intent to discover their deep relationship and the expression of a scientific method for the visualization of the sensory perception of architecture and the perceptual experience of the home, with the disclosure and disclosure of the degree of conflict between senses and the importance of the characteristics of the perceptual experience in the Mokrian homes. The research was initially conducted using a phenomenological approach and then a descriptive-analytical method. The seven-step method and the MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information and provide the core category and SPSS software was used to measure it. The researcher conducted open and deep interviews and field entries in the following sections of the experience of life and characteristics of the information gathering about one of the premises of the house called "Medbaq (bread baking area)" and made important interpretations with the participation of residents and emphasis On "sensory perception of the subject" and "the nature of human experiences", under 45 important terms and then finally nine themes of meaning were identified and developed. Then, a core category called "Mokrian House": the identity of man, the space of man and the environment "was chosen as the true meaning of the houses of the Mokrian region of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Second Homes Tourism (Case Study: Rudbar Qasran County, Shemiranat county , Tehran province
Fazileh Davarkhani Habib Mahmoodi Somayeh Sadat MousaviAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number o MoreAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Geographical analyzing of expanding second home in rural region of Anzali after the Islamic Republic
teymoor amar afsaneh berenjkar Second homes are one of symbol for developing tourism in rural region and are indicative more longevity of tourist in rural region . The emergence and expanding this phenomenon may account as a symbol for capitalism growth in the rural com More Second homes are one of symbol for developing tourism in rural region and are indicative more longevity of tourist in rural region . The emergence and expanding this phenomenon may account as a symbol for capitalism growth in the rural communities which follow up the deposition and longevity in this community , leave remarkable economic impact in the long - term .In Caspian coast , biginning and expanding the second home were more in coastal strip and shows almost a 3 decade experiences. This research using library and field study had been viewed the dimension and the trend of expanding second home in rural region of Bandar Anzali . The result indicate that expanding second home in this region generally , are influenced by the region geographical condition and local planning (for example, free zone) . The most number of second home had established in recent decade and the owner of more of this home are residence in Tehran ; and the stay opportunity to this homes are generally 3 weeks to one month in a year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Roles and Effects of the Development of Second-Home Tourism on the Sociocultural Aspects of Rural Settlements (Case Study:Meershamsodeen Rural District of Tonekabon County)
naser AligholizadehFiroozjaieThis research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The pap MoreThis research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The paper, practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, is based on the survey. Having subjective and objective nature, research data have been collected via questionnaires, interviews and field observations and analyzed with statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test and correlation. In this regard, results obtained from studying the sociocultural consequences of second-home tourism development suggest that it has contributed substantially to good, positive influences including enhanced awareness and improved infrastructural facilities and services. It, furthermore, due to the unscientific, unplanned large scale development of second homes, low consistency between the sociocultural characteristics of the owners of second homes and the hostsociety and inefficient management, has yielded negative results which involve overcrowded villages, increased irregularities in rural areas, widespread adaption of urban lifestyles amongst rural families in the region, increased rates of illegal activities and crimes, marked difference and contrast between the owners of second homes and the host society, significant changes in the value system and behavior pattern as a result of imitating second-home tourists, considerable difficulties in buying houses and lands, raised conflicts over land ownership, problems with using facilities and services by residents in tourism seasons and reduced access to tourist attractions and recreational facilities. The intensity of the negative consequences above, according to the residents’ perceptions and viewpoints based on the Likert scale, has been varying considerably to a greater extent, giving meaningful implications in relation to the one-sample t-test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - The study and analysis of development of second homes in the rural area Case study: Khorgam sector of Roodbar Township
teymor amarRurul tourism could be the results of social – economical and cultural expansive changes ofter world war II; which expanded under the protection of factors such as communication ways improvement ; urbanisation devlopment; increasing time leisure , increasing MoreRurul tourism could be the results of social – economical and cultural expansive changes ofter world war II; which expanded under the protection of factors such as communication ways improvement ; urbanisation devlopment; increasing time leisure , increasing environmental pollution, and the level of life promotion . Second homes as one of this actions result; first of all prevaild in west and then in other part of the world. In our country also the mountainous territories around big cities and regiones which have good microclimatic conditions have observed this phenomenon formation. Moreover, in “Caspian sea” coast, although the presentation and expantion of second homes have been in coastal regiones , with filling these regione in one hand and making easy the access of mountainouse regiones on the other hand, has carried its development scape to this regione. This reaserch by doing library and scope studies , has discussed the dimenthons and procedures of second homes devlopment in one of rural regiones of “Guilan province” (Khorgam sector of Roodbar township). The result of studies showes that second homes devlopment in the region , generally is because of relative relations and reversed emigration (city to village ), and the improvement of communication sub-structure. Meanwhile, this phenomenon in these developmental procedures has been deprived of planning, control and management, and has increased mechanical andautomatically form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Analysis of Socio-Economic and Physical Environmental Effects of Second Home Construction in Tourism Villages, Based on Host Community point of view (Case Study: Barase Village - Tonkabon Township)
gharib Fazelniya akbar kiani mehdi ramezan zadeh elham afsharIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to r MoreIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to rural crises that caused by change in agricultural methods. In addition, this phenomenon augmented by the climatic and geographic differences, Rural and urban migration, Environmental Pollution, Population and overcrowding in cities, improve of way communications, Increase the benefit of personal car. Over all, developing of such kind of tourism has social, economical and environmental consequences. Research Methodology The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of second home on tourism rural structure of Baraseh village in Tonkabon Township. This study focused on economic, social and physical environment aspects. The descriptive analytic research method was based on documental library studies, documental resources, finding fields and questionnaire surveying. Results The results indicated that the host community satisfaction was less than average, in economic domain, social and physical-environment factors. In this study accounted significant level of alpha 0.05 considered and it was equal to 0.000.this result shows that there is significant agreement between answers. The most important positive outcomes were an increase in job opportunities, sale of local products, improvement in the quality of the services and village's streets and reconstruction of the old houses and reconstruction. The negative consequences are increasing of land and house price, Conversion agricultural gardens to home gardens , increasing of the non-Native ownership of rural land and housing, destroying the rural landscape and the higher construction rate. Conclusion Tourist attractions in potential regions provide an opportunity to develop rural areas, especially tourism villages, which provide people for relaxation and comfort on one hand and on the other hand have deep consequences for the towns themselves and brings opportunities as well as dangers for rural societies. Tourism and second home construction in Berse rural area is Spontaneous and it has no predetermined plan. In fact, it has negative and positive consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Process’s of creating and spreading second home in mountain jangle area of north of Iran during (1345 to 1385)
khadijeh galin moghadamToday creating second home of type tourism development in some of area in the world is common. During recent popular creating second home in around of big cities respecting in north of Iran is common and spec ting. In this respect, Jannat Rodbar in Ramsar township. in MoreToday creating second home of type tourism development in some of area in the world is common. During recent popular creating second home in around of big cities respecting in north of Iran is common and spec ting. In this respect, Jannat Rodbar in Ramsar township. in result of having suitable geographic location, close to sea and jungle and, area that tourists come there Like Tehran.Today jannat rodbar as touristic area that is affected a lot of tourism development. On the basis of that, high density of population in summer season, lack of tourism service, Population, environment pollution, change of land use and so on are the most important negative impacts of tourism development. In this article doing this study in this area in 46 seasonal and continual settlement Process’s of creating and spreading second home in mountain jangle area of north of Iran during (1345 to 1385) is evaluated. Finding show tourism development planning and management in respect of second home can develop rural areas in this region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The Economic and Welfare Effects of Different irrigation Water Pricing Methods, Case study of khomein Plain in Markazi Province of Iran
Gholamreza Zamanian Mehdi Jafari Shahram SaeedianThe scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. One of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the differe MoreThe scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. One of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. To this purpose, this paper uses the positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) and Econometric Mathematical Programming (EMP) in a comparative analysis to study the economic and welfare impacts of alternative water pricing approaches in the agricultural sector during agricultural period 2011/2012 in Khomein plain of Markazi province in Iran. Results show that the EMP can be a better alternative approach instead of PMP to better analyze of agricultural policies. According to the final outcomes, it is suggested to apply the block tariff in place of volumetric pricing method to reach the optimal allocation and promoting the water efficiency in the price range of 198 to 853 Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Designing a Women's Entrepreneurship Model Based on Home-Based Businesses Using Grounded theory
hamid taboli mahboobeh askari bagher abadi Raana NamazianAbstract Background and purpose: entrepreneurship is a tool to recognize the opportunities that can be used to reduce the problems of a society and the contribution of women in this field has an upward trend. The purpose of this research is to design a model of women's MoreAbstract Background and purpose: entrepreneurship is a tool to recognize the opportunities that can be used to reduce the problems of a society and the contribution of women in this field has an upward trend. The purpose of this research is to design a model of women's entrepreneurship based on home jobs. Research method: The current research was a qualitative study and was conducted with the Foundation's data method. There were 19 participants in this research who were selected by purposive sampling method. The data collection method was semi-structured interview and the data were analyzed in three stages. The validity of the data was done using the verifiability method by the participants. Findings: Based on the findings, the central category of the model is structural, process, behavioral and developmental factors. pattern strategies including defensive, offensive, revision/adaptation, contingency and diversity; And the background conditions include husbandry, ecology and family environment. Causal conditions have personality-related categories such as cognitive, motivational, and behavioral factors; And factors related to business include customers, market, goods and work. Cultural, political, and economic conditions were determined as interfering categories and model consequences at the (individual, group, and social) level. Conclusion: The importance of women's entrepreneurship is because success in this field not only causes economic profit, but also creates social and cultural benefits in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Stability Causes of Ab-Ask landslide dam in Haraz river
Abbas Kangi -
Open Access Article
318 - Morphotectonic Analysis of the Babakouhi Anticline North of Shiraz
قدرت الله فرهودی Hasti Sharafi -
Open Access Article
319 - Exmining Consequences cultural and Management the Iranian tribe's life.
Ezatollah kiani Arash Jamalmanesh seyed Ehsan ZohooriThe small course of human life is the oldest and most established of all, and the most distinguished of all, the mode of living, which has caused the Ipat and Dhiab the most profound of the age of technology.The tribes changed into a fascinating, incredible way that for MoreThe small course of human life is the oldest and most established of all, and the most distinguished of all, the mode of living, which has caused the Ipat and Dhiab the most profound of the age of technology.The tribes changed into a fascinating, incredible way that for centuries past had worked to preserve traditions and customs, and that had become a force of attraction to it.where the tribes lived, and the language, and music, and local food, and hand industries, and dancing, and local costumes, together with mirrors for wedding and local ceremonies, and the most important attractions of Awali and the tribesmen. The most distinguished of them are their Biasha ways, which, unlike urban and villagers, are in their own villages, and in the constant wanderings of their tents and towns. They scattered the small tribes which are one of the more important tourists in every area of Iran, out of the West and South, East and South, East, North of East, East, and Central of Iran and. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Evaluation of Awareness and use University of Medical Sciences Librarians of full-text database available in the home page of the Central Library of the university in 1390
Shohreh Seyyed Hosseini Mohammad javad alemokhtar Fatemeh AnariPurpose: This research aimed to investigate the awareness and the usage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences librarians who used the existing full-text databases in the homepage of the central library website. This study tried to find the problems and barriers whic MorePurpose: This research aimed to investigate the awareness and the usage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences librarians who used the existing full-text databases in the homepage of the central library website. This study tried to find the problems and barriers which resulted in the difficulties in using these databases as well as providing some new approaches to disseminate more and more information to the end users by librarians. Methodology: Survey method, with applied approach, was used as a research method. The population was all employed librarians of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences libraries. Researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data-collecting tool and SPSS 16.0 used to analyze data. Central and scatter index statistics has been used to answer the research questions. Findings: The findings showed that the average scores of the librarians’ familiarity with full text electronic databases was 51.52 (Std Deviation=26.4). T-test indicates that there was not any significant difference between the awareness score and the sexuality as well as the usability score and the sexuality; but there was a significant difference between the awareness score and the rate of the usability of full text databases. Also the spearman correlation showed that there was a direct significant difference between the education levels of the librarians and their awareness, familiarity and usability scores. In this case, Elsevier had the highest rank among English databases. Conclusion: The results showed that the rate of the awareness and the usage of the existing full-text databases by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was more than average. It can be seen that the librarians’ sexuality didn’t have any impact on their awareness and usages but there was a significant difference between their academic disciplines and their usages and awareness. The highest rate of the awareness and usages belonged to the domestic databases. It can be concluded that there was a positive relationship between the periods of awareness of librarians toward these databases and their usages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Investigating the Relationship between Cognitive Maps in the Presence and Perception of the Elderly of Architectural Space (Case Study: Kahrizak Nursing Home)
Farnaz Cheraghifar Hossein Soltanzadeh Hadi GhoddusifarAs the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognize the architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases, and on the one hand, this point increases their dependence on others and reduces their self-confidence, and in the next sta MoreAs the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognize the architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases, and on the one hand, this point increases their dependence on others and reduces their self-confidence, and in the next stages, they may lose the ability to find their way. and lose routing. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in the perception of the elderly through the examination of cognitive maps. This article examines the behavioral and cognitive responses of the elderly in the Kahrizak nursing home using the "space arrangement method" in the framework of environmental behavior studies. The statistical population includes forty-five elderly residents of Kehrizak nursing home who have cognitive and motor skills. In the present study, the role of the spatial configuration of the environment and the resulting cognitive maps on the sociable behavior of the elderly was measured. In this research, two types of VGA and ISOVIST analysis were used in space layout. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the results of the spatial arrangement and the cognitive maps resulting from the perception of the space of the elderly, so it is possible to pay attention to some specific spaces or ignore some spaces in the cognitive maps due to the characteristics and physical structure of the complex architecture. Based on this, suggestions were made for the perceptibility of the space by the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Examining the relationship between cognitive maps in presence and perception of the elderly from the architectural space (case example: Kahrizak nursing home)
Hossein Sultanzadeh Farnaz Cheraghi Far Hadi Qudousi FarAs the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognize the architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases, and on the one hand, this point increases their dependence on others and reduces their self-confidence, and in the next sta MoreAs the age increases, the power and ability of the elderly to recognize the architectural spaces and related internal or external areas decreases, and on the one hand, this point increases their dependence on others and reduces their self-confidence, and in the next stages, they may lose the ability to find their way. and lose routing. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in the perception of the elderly through the examination of cognitive maps. This article examines the behavioral and cognitive responses of the elderly in the Kahrizak nursing home using the "space arrangement method" in the framework of environmental behavior studies. This study shows adaptive and maladaptive behavioral responses to spatial configurations in relation to the elderly and their residential environment. The statistical population includes forty-five elderly residents of Kehrizak nursing home who have cognitive and motor skills. In the present study, the role of the spatial configuration of the environment and the resulting cognitive maps on the sociable behavior of the elderly was measured. In this research, two types of VGA and ISOVIST analysis were used in space layout. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the results of the spatial arrangement and the cognitive maps resulting from the perception of the space of the elderly, so it is possible to pay attention to some specific spaces or ignore some spaces in the cognitive maps due to the characteristics and physical structure of the complex architecture. Based on this, suggestions were made for the perceptibility of the space by the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - The stem anatomical study on the six Stachys species
Mohammad Mehdi Dehshiri Maryam AzadbakhtStachys (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) comprises of about 300 species, a largest genus with a wide distribution area in the world, is traditionally used in folk medicine. Till now, no research has been carried out regarding the stem anatomical characteristic of these species i MoreStachys (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) comprises of about 300 species, a largest genus with a wide distribution area in the world, is traditionally used in folk medicine. Till now, no research has been carried out regarding the stem anatomical characteristic of these species in Iran. In the present study, stem anatomy of six its species was compared. Three individuals were collected from each species, and a mature stem was selected from each individual. Stems were fixed in GAF fixative. Hand sections were stained with carmine and methylene blue dye (double stained). Results show that some anatomical properties of studied species were determined to be similar to the anatomical properties of other species of the genus Stachys. According to the anatomical comparison between the six species, shape and structure of the stem are the distinguishing features of the species. On the surface of stem, five types of trichomes were found: simple and branched nonglandular, peltate, and long and short capitate glandular trichomes. The present study shows that certain micromorphological and anatomical features of Stachys species are valuable taxonomic characters in species identification and delimitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Investigating the effect of vitamin C and hydroquinone pretreatment on developmental and phytochemical characteristics of seedlings obtained from aged canola
Hoora Naghisharifi Maryam Kolahi Mohamad Javaherian Behroz ZargarCanola with the scientific name Brassica napus L., due to its high oil content in the seed, produces one third of all edible oils worldwide, which plays an important role in improving the nutritional needs of societies. Accelerated aging test is one of the most importan MoreCanola with the scientific name Brassica napus L., due to its high oil content in the seed, produces one third of all edible oils worldwide, which plays an important role in improving the nutritional needs of societies. Accelerated aging test is one of the most important tests used to evaluate the viability and physiological potential of seeds. Unsuitable environmental conditions as well as seed storage conditions can cause oxidative stress in seeds and other plant tissues. In this study, the improvement effect of pretreatment of vitamin C and Hydroquinone on canola seed under accelerated aging and the developmental and phytochemical characteristics of seedlings obtained from aged canola seed including morphological traits, germination indices and phytochemical changes were investigated. Pre-treatment of seeds with antioxidant compounds reduced the damage caused by decay, improved the quality of canola seeds and seedlings, and also changed the phytochemical composition of the seedlings. The reduction of seed germination and weak morphometric characteristics of seedlings obtained from old seeds indicate the relationship between the phytochemical changes of seeds and the aging process. Seedlings obtained from old seeds showed phytochemical changes in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and proteins. If the aging process of the seed does not lead to death of seed, the resulting seedlings will have a different destiny with high power to deal with oxidative stress. It seems that the seedlings receive the signal from the free radicals of seed aging and cause the growth of intelligent seedlings to deal with the stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Investigation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME on the thickness of the cortex and medulla of Thymus in Pregnant Rats
SMH Noori Moogahi ZN Sharifi shabnam movaseghi عطارد السادات MostafaviniaConsidering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and st MoreConsidering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and stereological changes of the thymus in pregnant rats. In this experimental study, thirty-two female Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 200-250g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, L-Arginine (200 mg / kg), L-NAME (20 mg / kg) and L-Arginine + L-NAME; 8 rats in each group. On the 18th day of pregnancy, the rats anesthetized with ether, then, their thymus was extracted and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and the histological and morphometric studies were performed. L-Arginine with its stimulative effect on NO synthesis in thymus causes to increase T-lymphocyte population, therefore thickness of cortex is increased and thickness of medulla decreased. Analysis of variance showed that the thickness of cortex and medulla of thymus in the L-Arginine group was significantly different in comparison with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.002, respectively. The thickness of cortex and medulla in the L-NAME group showed a significant decrease, with p=0.000, compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Investigating the Evolution of the Political Theory of Imam Khomeini (R.A.) with the Lakatos Methodology Approach
Mohammad Kamali zadeh Mirghasem Seyedin zad -
Open Access Article
327 - The Symbolic Reflection of the Islamic Revolution in Islamic Countries
Majid Ostovar -
Open Access Article
328 - Velayat-e Faqih in Political Thought of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli
Mohsen Sharifi Seyyed Hassan Malaekeh -
Open Access Article
329 - The Concept of “Political Legitimacy” in Shia Political Thought (With Focus on Imam Khomeini’s Political Thought)
Azam Boroughani -
Open Access Article
330 - A Comparative Study on the Concept of Political Legitimacy in Imam Khomeini and Jurgen Habermas's Thoughts
Garineh Keshishyan -
Open Access Article
331 - Comparative Study of the Concept of Justice in Imam Khomeini and SayyidQutb’s Political Thought
Seyed Hassan Malaekeh Aazam Khedri -
Open Access Article
332 - A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Religion and Government in the Political Thought of Imam Khomeini and Contemporary Thinkers
Nader Zahedinia Alireza Golshani Khalil Bahrami Qaserchami -
Open Access Article
333 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Social Political Developments of the Last Century in Iran on the Political Decisions of Imam Khomeini before and after the Islamic Revolution
Morteza Mohammadzadeh Abdolreza Baghi Morteza Abazari -
Open Access Article
334 - The components and indicators of the Islamic University in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA)
Forozan Rezaivarmarzyar mahmoud sharafiAn Islamic university is a university where all the sublime Islamic values and Quranic culture, the best scientific thoughts, mental creativity, scientific innovations and intellectual products appear in the behavior and personality of academics as desirable social mo MoreAn Islamic university is a university where all the sublime Islamic values and Quranic culture, the best scientific thoughts, mental creativity, scientific innovations and intellectual products appear in the behavior and personality of academics as desirable social models. to be The purpose of the article is to explain the components and characteristics of the Islamic University in Imam Khomeini's thought, using a descriptive-analytical qualitative method in which data collected from Islamic sources and Imam Khomeini's menus are used, and by analyzing the findings, said; After the Islamic revolution and with the Islamization of universities, with the elements mentioned in Imam Khomeini's thought, such as accompanying education and refinement in Islamic universities, teaching and learning Islamic science... and also the characteristics of Islamic universities from Imam Khomeini's view includes; He knew the physical structure of the university, the administrative and managerial structure of the university... According to the mentioned points, it can be seen that universities have problems in almost most of the infrastructures. The development of global thinking, scientific mutual communication, political dependence that is rooted in scientific needs, and the creation of digital networks and scientific pluralism require that the educational structure of the country be changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Investigate effected behavioral factors on productivity increasing of home Businesses in asalouyeh
shobeir EbrahimiThe aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate effected behavioral factors on productivity increasing of home Businesses in asalouyeh. The research population comprised 4000 citizens in asalouyeh 16 eras out of whom a sample 333 w MoreThe aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate effected behavioral factors on productivity increasing of home Businesses in asalouyeh. The research population comprised 4000 citizens in asalouyeh 16 eras out of whom a sample 333 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 3 factors and 44 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 350 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and spirman used indicated that behavioral factors had a significant effect on productivity increasing of home Businesses in asalouyeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - A simple method for on-site determination of iodide ions by recording fluorescence intensity changes of rhodamine B with a home-made fluorimeter
Leila Khoshmaram Maryam Mohammadi Adel Nazemi BabadiIn the present study, a simple and inexpensive method has been presented for on-site determination of iodide ions in various aqueous samples. The proposed method is based on the fluorescence quenching process of rhodamine B and the use of a home-made portable fluorimete MoreIn the present study, a simple and inexpensive method has been presented for on-site determination of iodide ions in various aqueous samples. The proposed method is based on the fluorescence quenching process of rhodamine B and the use of a home-made portable fluorimeter. In the fluorimeter, light-emitting diodes with emission wavelength of 530 nm (as the excitation source) and a mobile phone (as the detector and data processing unit) have been used. Experiments showed that in the presence of iodide ions, the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B decreases. The fluorescence intensity changes of rhodamine B was determined by taking digital images of rhodamine B solutions and analyzing these images. Digital image analysis showed when the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B changes, the values of the G and R channels change, too. Therefore, the values of these two channels were used as analytical signals for determination of the concentration of iodide ions. After investigating experimental parameters affecting the quenching process of rhodamine B by iodide ions and selection of optimal conditions, based on ∆G as analytical signal, limit of detection was obtained 1.26 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ and the calibration graph was linear in the range of 2.1 × 10⁻⁵ - 2.3 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. The relative standard deviation for 5 iodide solution with concentration of 1.57 × 10⁻⁵ mol L-1 was 0.83 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine iodide in water samples with satisfactory recovery ranged from 98.62% to 108.65%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - خانه و تعلق دیاسپوریک در لندنی های تنها اثر سم سلون و بودای حاشیه نشینان اثر حنیف قریشی
Morteza Lakپژوهش حاضر به بررسی مفهوم "خانه" و "تعلق دیاسپوریک" آنگونه که توسط شخصیت­های دو رمان لندنی­های تنها (1956) اثر سم سلوِن و بودای حاشیه نشینان (1990) اثر حنیف قریشی برداشت می­شوند می پردازد. این روایات که در دو دوره نزدیک به هم در تاریخ معاصر انگلستان یعنی دهه Moreپژوهش حاضر به بررسی مفهوم "خانه" و "تعلق دیاسپوریک" آنگونه که توسط شخصیت­های دو رمان لندنی­های تنها (1956) اثر سم سلوِن و بودای حاشیه نشینان (1990) اثر حنیف قریشی برداشت می­شوند می پردازد. این روایات که در دو دوره نزدیک به هم در تاریخ معاصر انگلستان یعنی دهه­های 1950 و1970 روی میدهند، آن دسته از شرایط سیاسی و اجتماعی­ای را به تصویر می کشند که در فرموله نمودن و تبیین برساخته­های گفتمانی و ایدئولوژیکی که انگلستان را به عنوان خانه و موطن مهاجران تعریف می­کرد نقش بسزایی بازی می­نمودند. این مقاله بر لحظاتی از رمانها تمرکز دارد که عمدتآ بازنماینده کارکردهای سیستماتیک تبعیض نژادی است، به گونه­ای که کاربست سخت گیرانۀ نظام بوروکراتیک و دیسکورسهای ضد مهاجرتی انگلستان شخصیت­های داستانها در مواجهه­شان با رویای "وطنی شدن" مایوس نموده و خودآگاهی آنها را به سوی بی وطنی و دلتنگی برای خانه­ای که در فراسوی مرزهای انگلستان جا نهاده اند سوق می­دهد. بنیان نظری این تحقیق بر اندیشه­های متفکرین کمتر شناخته شده پسااستعمار مانند استوارت هال، پل گیلروی، و آوتار برا استوار است. بر اساس آراء این اندیشمندان، مقاله حاضر بر آن است تا نشان دهد با وجود اینکه دستگاههای تبلیغاتی و پروپاگاندای انگلستان در میانه قرن بیستم تا پایان دوره مارگارت تاچر تلاش میکردند تا این کشور را پذیرای مهاجرین . مشوق چندفرهنگی معرفی کنند، اما در عمل تلاشهای دیاسپورای مهاجرین هندی و حوزه کارائیب برای پیوند با جامعه این کشور عقیم می­ماند. نتیجه این دوگانگی در عملکرد، سرخوردگی و دلتنگی دیاسپوریک شخصیت­هایی است با پی بردن به عدم تحقق رویاهای خود، معنای خانه و تعلق را نه در سرزمین جدیدی که به آن مهاجرت کرده­اند، که در اجتماعات کوچکی متشکل از هم­وطنانی که همگی از تبعیض و تزویر رنج می برند می یابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - The necessity of prostration of angels to Adam (pbuh) from the perspective of Qur'an and mysticism with emphasis on the opinions of Imam Khomeini (pbuh)
Elham Sayahi Maryam Bakhtiar Farajollah BaratiAmong the theological topics discussed among Islamic thinkers; The subject is the prostration of the angels to Adam (pbuh). Therefore, the discussion of "necessity of prostration of angels on Adam" is one of the important and necessary topics of knowledge. Sajdah is the MoreAmong the theological topics discussed among Islamic thinkers; The subject is the prostration of the angels to Adam (pbuh). Therefore, the discussion of "necessity of prostration of angels on Adam" is one of the important and necessary topics of knowledge. Sajdah is the most beautiful state and the most magnificent and submissive manifestation of worship in front of Hazrat Ahadit, and servants in the state of prostration are closer to Hazrat Haqq than in any other situation. We believe that prostration is not permissible for anyone other than the holy essence of God, because prostration is the ultimate submission and a clear example of servitude, specific to the one and only. Due to the fact that the Quran is a book of guidance, the correct understanding of the divine verses is effective in the degree of human guidance, as a result, it is very important to examine the verses related to the prostration of the angels, so this research, in a descriptive-analytical way, investigates the necessity and reason for the prostration of the angels to man. (AS), and refers to the reason for Satan's disobedience in implementing the divine order. Prostration of the angels for Adam (as), according to the commentary of the commentators; It does not mean worship, but it was for respect, bowing and honoring Adam (pbuh), and since this was ordered by God, carrying out its command is like worshiping God, and prostrating thanksgiving for the creation of such a wonderful being called human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Wisdom and Hakim in Islamic teachings with emphasis on the view of Imam Khomeini (RA)
Meisam Alibalaei Khalil Bahrami Ghasrechami Mohsen FahimThe ways to achieve original wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom, unerring and solid knowledge with a divine source is undoubtedly very attractive MoreThe ways to achieve original wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom, unerring and solid knowledge with a divine source is undoubtedly very attractive and it is tempting to achieve it. Realization decided to extract these solutions and remind the modern mankind of the right way to reach wisdom by emphasizing the views of Imam Khomeini (RA) in this regard. In this research, he investigated this issue with the library method and the review of reliable sources. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, in order to achieve wisdom and wisdom, one must first cultivate the soul, which Imam Khomeini (RA) has described in full, then one must prepare the ground for the emergence of wisdom and wisdom in one's self with strategies. Undoubtedly, real knowledge and original wisdom are not possible without the care of the truth, but human effort and knowing the exact solution to reach the source of wisdom and applying it in his behavior and action will be effective and will eventually bring him to his destination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - The rule of single news in methodology and commentary principles based on imam khomeinehis opinions
Marjaneh Mahdizadeh Sayyid Muhammad Musawi BujnordiOne of the crucial and controversial topics in the field of methodology and the basics of commentary is the authority of single news, and consequently, the authority of single news, which has a very long history, and several opinions has been brought up on it. According MoreOne of the crucial and controversial topics in the field of methodology and the basics of commentary is the authority of single news, and consequently, the authority of single news, which has a very long history, and several opinions has been brought up on it. According to having or not having authority of commentary, discussing on the authority of commentary single news can affect on the commentator’s base. Those who accept the authority of single news based on Naba’ verse and the wise’ way of life, more sources in commentary are available to them and have more potential for interpreting the verses than those who don’t accept the authority of single news. Generally, there are two opinions in the field of the authority of single news: in one opinion, they (for exampleIn his methodological and hadith jurisprudence, while accepting the authority of single news based on the wise sirah, Imam Khomeini have different opinions on the authority of commentary single news. Examining his opinions in methodology shows that his more inclination to lack of authority of this kind of traditions, although he applies the commentary traditions following mystical verses and issues.Keywords: authority, single news, commentary traditions, Imam Khomeini Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The role of concise knowledge in determining the actuality of rulings from the perspective of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini
Khadijah Ahmadi BighashIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but co MoreIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but concise science means comprehensive knowledge with doubt in its place of establishment. So, there is a consensus that this science is as comprehensive as its homework, but the task of concise science is more controversial than more comprehensive. Now the question is what are the effects of the necessity of definite agreement or the sanctity of definite opposition in general science, from the point of view of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini in expressing the rulings. A descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows that Akhund Khorasani (RA) in general science, my act is in all respects, so his definite opposition is forbidden, and his definite agreement is obligatory. But if the concise knowledge of Lamen's actuality had all aspects, the concise knowledge in both positions includes task-making. Imam Khomeini (ra), unlike the late mullah (ra), believes that with the existence of concise knowledge in the necessity of definite agreement, definite opposition is forbidden and a possible agreement is sufficient. That is, there is no need to leave everyone around the issue. This makes it not permissible to commit an ugly act in the event of a conflict with a stronger corruptor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Is the Reward in Paradise and Retribution in Hell a Truth or a Metaphor? (With an approach to the views of Imam Khomeini)
Sediqah Emadi AstarabadiOne of the intrinsic tendencies of human beings is their disposition for pleasure and escape from suffering. The purpose of Almighty Truth in exalted verses on good tidings is to create such a pleasure in the addressees’ imagination so that they are encouraged to MoreOne of the intrinsic tendencies of human beings is their disposition for pleasure and escape from suffering. The purpose of Almighty Truth in exalted verses on good tidings is to create such a pleasure in the addressees’ imagination so that they are encouraged to comply with Divine Orders. By contrast, His purpose of sending the verses on warning is to warn the addresses to keep away from forbidden acts so that they are not deprived of ultimate perfection, which is the same closeness to God. What one reads in luminous Qur’anic verses about otherworldly reward and punishment is not comparable to worldly gifts and difficulties. Nevertheless, they disclose the reality of reward and punishment in the hereafter, which is why the pleasure and torment experienced in Paradise and hell, respectively, have been explained so deeply and at a level beyond the capabilities of the human imagination through eloquent verbal manifestations.In this study,the researcher tries to deal with the exotic ideas of Imam Khomeini, who has discussed differing types of heaven and hell, the truth of pleasure and suffering of the afterlife, and immortalitty debate in details. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Athena and Buran-Dokht: A Comparative Study between War Goddesses of Odyssey and Darab Nama
Golrokhsādāt Ghani Mostafā Gorji Abolghāsem Esmāeilpour Fāteme KoupāResearch in mythology, by comparing the literature and culture of nations, leads to discovery of universal symbols. By studying the literary texts of the Indo-European nations, it can be seen that their myths, legends and epics reflect a common worldview. One of the imp MoreResearch in mythology, by comparing the literature and culture of nations, leads to discovery of universal symbols. By studying the literary texts of the Indo-European nations, it can be seen that their myths, legends and epics reflect a common worldview. One of the important themes in these texts is the place of women and their special characteristics in mythological beliefs and rituals. The present article seeks to compare the role of women in the two epics of Odyssey and Darab Nama of Tarsusi with a mythological perspective and a comparative approach. Accordingly, the prominent functions of the main female characters in these two works and their similarities are considered. After mentioning the characteristics and functions of Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom and war, and Buran-Dokht, the wonder heroine of Darab Nama, the authors try to show that Buran-Dokht is a latter-day recreation of Iranian goddess, Anahita who has a similar position to Athena. This kind of similarity in the epics of the two different cultures shows the common origins of the mythological characters in the literature of nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Woman in Shāhnāmeh and Iliad and Odyssey: A Comparative Study
حجت عباسی حسینعلی قبادی Ferdowsi is accused of being anti-women. Likewise, similar attitudes and trends are detected in ancient Greek. By considering Persian and Greek myths, and based on a comparative study, the present article attempts to study the role of woman in Shahnāmeh and Ili More Ferdowsi is accused of being anti-women. Likewise, similar attitudes and trends are detected in ancient Greek. By considering Persian and Greek myths, and based on a comparative study, the present article attempts to study the role of woman in Shahnāmeh and Iliad and Odyssey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Creation of a New Myth from an the Old Odyssey
علیرضا مظفری محمدنبی تولایی The Odyssey, one of the major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, is mainly centereds on the Greek hero Odysseus, his wanderings and long journey home after the fall of Troy. In this journey, the goddess Athena constantly supports Odysse More The Odyssey, one of the major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, is mainly centereds on the Greek hero Odysseus, his wanderings and long journey home after the fall of Troy. In this journey, the goddess Athena constantly supports Odysseus. The main aim of the present article is to explain the reason of for this support. First of all, there are similarities between Athena and Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, and also, between Hephaestus, the god of fire, and Odysseus. It can be imagined that Athena, with protection of by protecting Odysseus, wants to show Hephaestus her love and fidelity. Second, for Greeks, Athena is the goddess of wisdom and on the other hand, Odysseus is symbol of reason. So, the support of Odysseus by Athena means that the Universal and Divine intellect protects the intellect that is partial and human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Psychometric Properties of Beck Depression Inventory Short Form Items (BDI-13)
Gholam Reza Rajabi194 students from Shahid Chamran University completed the Iranian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) to test its internal consistency and validity. Based on principal components analysis, two factors were found. The first factor, negative affect toward se More194 students from Shahid Chamran University completed the Iranian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) to test its internal consistency and validity. Based on principal components analysis, two factors were found. The first factor, negative affect toward self accounted for 43.9% of the variance, and the second factor, dysphoria, accounted for 8.6% the variance. Coronbach’s alph and aplit-half reliability coefficient for BDI-13 were 0.89 and 0.82, respectively. In conclusion, the BDI-13 can be used in Iranian psychology research and in the screening of depression amongst normal population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Psychometric Properties of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Teacher Form)
Saeed Ghanbari Rahim Rabieenejad Parisa Ganje Sanaz Khoramzadehthe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected Morethe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected by multi-stage sampling. The children’s teachers completed the Teacher Form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale and the Teacher Report Form of the Conner’s Child Behavior Checklist (Conner, 1999). The exploratory factor analysis with principal component and varimax rotation led to extraction of five factors, including general anxiety, social anxiety, fear of physical injury, separation anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the teacher form of Spence Preschool Children Anxiety Scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Does the Rasch Model work for Equating?
Rassoul Sadeghi Jim TognoliniThe advent of modern psychometric theory, Item Response Theory (IRT), has enabled performance to be compared over time, across academic year levels where different tests (different items assessing the same construct) have been used for different student groups on differ MoreThe advent of modern psychometric theory, Item Response Theory (IRT), has enabled performance to be compared over time, across academic year levels where different tests (different items assessing the same construct) have been used for different student groups on different occasions. In order for this to occur, the tests have to be equated. Once they are equated, the students’ performances can be represented along the same scale. Once they are on the same scale they can be directly compared e.g. comparison of Year 3, 5 and 7 in a subject and their performances can be compared to predetermined cut-scores. Test equating of this type is currently used widely in Australia to identify the percentage of students to be ‘at risk’ (below benchmark). The results from two equating procedures (relative anchoring and concurrent equating) used with Rasch (1960) measurement models are compared, as fit to the model gets progressively worse. The research question is what happens to students’ marks as fit to the model varies? Data in this study were generated from the one-parameter logistic model using the Simulation Program for Rasch Data (RUMMSims). The findings of the present study indicate that when data fit the Rasch model there is no significant difference between results produced from the different equating procedures. However, as data fit to the model gets progressively worse, the equating results that emerge from applying different equating procedures generate significant variations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Homework and academic achievement:the modifying role of mother,s level of education and student,s gender
Anoshe Aminzadeh Zohre SarmadThe sample of 120 sophomore high school students majoring in mathematics answered two items of the Homework Process Inventory (Cooper et al, 1999) about the amount of time students spent on homework and the percentages of math homework completed, as predictors. Academic MoreThe sample of 120 sophomore high school students majoring in mathematics answered two items of the Homework Process Inventory (Cooper et al, 1999) about the amount of time students spent on homework and the percentages of math homework completed, as predictors. Academic achievement was measured based on averages on two mathematics final exams. Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that students' gender and the percentages of math homework done accounted for changes in academic achievement. However, mother's level of education and students' gender did not modify the relationship between academic achivement and the two homework indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment Scale
Mandana Sepanta Mahboobe Hashemi JuzdaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA; Lebuffe, Shapiro & Naglieri, 2009) scale in Iranian children. Seven hundred forty four children aged 5 to 14 years (384 girls and 360 boys) w MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA; Lebuffe, Shapiro & Naglieri, 2009) scale in Iranian children. Seven hundred forty four children aged 5 to 14 years (384 girls and 360 boys) were selected by multistage random sampling method from Isfahan city in 2015-2016 academic year. The reliability of the DESSA was assessed via internal consistency, inter-item correlations. Factor structure of the scale was assessed by explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the DESSA was examined by the correlation between the subscales and divergent validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in all subscales and the total scale for the participants of both genders had acceptable psychometric properties and most of the correlations range were more than .40. Explanatory factor analyses indicated eight factors model. Confirmatory factor analysis indices also indicated that items had good fit. Moreover, divergent validity of the DESSA with the Ratter's Child Behavior Questionnaire for parents was satisfactory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - comparing life style,self-esteem and mental health of the along,non-along and residing nursing home elderly
Khodamorad Momeni Samira Karami Mohammad Reza Majzoobithe present study aimed to compare lifestyle, self-esteem and mental health of elderly who were living alone, living with family, or residing in nursing homes. The sample consisted of 384 elderly (128 living alone, 128 living with family, and 128 residing in nursing hom Morethe present study aimed to compare lifestyle, self-esteem and mental health of elderly who were living alone, living with family, or residing in nursing homes. The sample consisted of 384 elderly (128 living alone, 128 living with family, and 128 residing in nursing home).The sample was selected randomly by convenience sampling. The participants completed the Safe Lifestyle of the Elderly (Eshaghi, Farajzadegan, & Babak, 2007), the Self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) and the General Health (Goldberg & williams, 1988) scales. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that 1) the non-residing elderly (alone or nonalone) had better lifestyle and mental health than the nursery home residing elderly, 2) the non-alone elderly had better lifestyle and mental health than alone elderly, 3)the elderly who were not living in nursing homes (alone or non-alone) had higher self-esteem than those who were living in nursery homes, and 4) the elderly who were living alone had higher self-esteem than those who were not living alone. According to the theory of activity, by keeping previous social roles and activities, the elderly can have good lifestyle and keep feeling worthwhile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - psychometric testing of the multidimensional perfectionism cognitions inventory
Negin Motamed Yeganeh Omid Shokrithe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory-English (MPCI-E; Kabori, 2006) among Iranian students. Three hundred university students (156 males, 144 females) completed the MPCI-E and the P Morethe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory-English (MPCI-E; Kabori, 2006) among Iranian students. Three hundred university students (156 males, 144 females) completed the MPCI-E and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and internal consistency were used to assess factorial validity and reliability of the MPCIE, respectively. The divergent validity of the MPCI-E were assessed through correlations between MPCI-E scales and past-week positive and negative affect. The results of principal component analysis (PC) and oblique rotation indicated that the MPCI-E consisted of three factors: personal standards, concern over mistakes, and pursuit of perfection. Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three extracted factors. A differential pattern of significant correlations between the MPCI-E and positive and negative affect demonstrated divergent validity of the MPCI-E. Internal consistencies of the MPCI-E subscales were good. In sum, these findings provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the MPCI-E as a multidimensional measure of perfectionism cognitions in Iranian students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Inventory for Children
Raana Ravan Parsa Mohtaram Nemat TavousiThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschoo MoreThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschools, and from the first and the second grade of public primary schools located in northern and southern parts of Tehran using stage sampling method. The results of criterion validity, differential validity, and construct validity of the CFSEI were analyzed. To examine the convergent validity of the CFSEI, the Piers-Harris Children’s Self Concept Scale (PHCSCS; Piers, 1984) was used. The results indicated that CFSEI had a positive and significant association with the PHCSCS. To establish the divergent validity of the CFSEI, the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1998) was used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had a negative and significant association with the SCAS. Except for one question which didn’t have an acceptable coefficient of determination which was removed from the CFSEI, the validity of the CFSEI was confirmed. To establish the reliability of the CFSEI, split half, test-retest and Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 were used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had good reliability. The findings suggest that the CFSEI is a reliable and valid tool to employ with Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Psychometric Properties of Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Hamid Barani Mahboobeh Fooladchang Mohsen Arbezi Ziba KabiriThe aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (BERQ). The present study was a correlational study, and more precisely the validation of the test. The study participants MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (BERQ). The present study was a correlational study, and more precisely the validation of the test. The study participants were 291 people (121 male, 170 female) who were studying in 1398-99 academic year at Shiraz University and completed Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (2019), Garnefski et al.'s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2001), Chen et al.'s Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (2015) and Costa & McCrae'sNeuroticisim subscale (1992). After translating the BERQ, Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with other scales were used to determine the validity. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to evaluate the reliability. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five factors of Seeking Distraction, Withdrawal, Actively Approaching, Seeking Social Support and Ignoring. The results of correlation with other tests also confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Also, all Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated a high internal consistency of the factors. The results show that the BERQ has a very good validity and reliability in Iranian students, and is effective in measuring behavioral emotion regulation in the five dimensions mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Preliminary Properties of Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version)
Naeime Talaeinejad Saeed Ghanbari MohammadAli Mazaheri Ali AsgariThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected by available sampling from sixteen kindergartens in district 1 of Tehran, Iran. The children’s mothers completed the SAAS-P and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) (Spence, Rapee, McDonald, & Ingram, 2001). The reliability of the scale was examined usingthe internal consistency estimation. All subscales of the SAAS-P displayed moderate to high internal consistency (0.62 to 0.74). In order to investigate the validity of the scale, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported by high correlation with the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyse ssupported the four-factor model of the scale. The analyses of the psychometric properties suggested that the SAAS-P is a promising measure of separation anxiety that can be employed in clinical situations and to be used to screen children with separation anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Core Self-Evaluations Scale: The Formation of a Construct
Mohtaram Nemat Tavousi Mahboobeh MohammadAli SharifiThis study investigated reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thoresen, 2003). Six hundred and twenty two students (198 males, 424 females) were selected using multi-stage sampling metho MoreThis study investigated reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thoresen, 2003). Six hundred and twenty two students (198 males, 424 females) were selected using multi-stage sampling method. The participants completed the CSES, the Personal Views Survey (PVS; Hardiness Institute, 1985), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES; Judge, Locke, Durham & Kluger,1998), the Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale (IPC; Levenson,1981), the Youth Coping Index (YCI; McCubbin, Thompson & Elver, 1996), the Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1968),the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF; Beck & Beck, 1972). The factor structure of theCSESwas assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The results indicated that the CSES had a good internal consistency. The Cronbach α and 2-weeks test-retest reliability were .87 and .82, respectively. The positive correlation of the CSES with the Personal Views Survey, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale, and the Youth Coping Index indicated the convergent validity of the CSES. The negative correlation of the CSES with the Neuroticism Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory indicated the divergent validity of the CSES. The factorial analyses indicated that the CSES Scale was unidimensional.The findings suggest that the Core Self-Evaluations Scale has a good psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian Students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Validity, Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Struture of Adolescent’s Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Jafar HasaniThe aim of present study was to assess the reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire –Adolescent Form (Philips & Power, 2007).The Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared using double-translation t MoreThe aim of present study was to assess the reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire –Adolescent Form (Philips & Power, 2007).The Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared using double-translation technique. The psychometric properties were examined by three independent studies (N1=180; N2= 80; N3=400).In the first two studies the reliability of the questionnaire was examined based on internal consistency, item-test correlations and test-retest methods, and the validity of the questionnaire was examined using correlation between subscales and criterion validity. In the third study the confirmatory factor structure of the questionnaire was assessed. The range of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of three subscales (.73 to .82) and total scale (.79) indicated that the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire had a good internal consistency. Item scores and the total score of the corresponding subscales correlated significantly (r=.38 to r = .72) and the test-retest correlation values (.65 to .71) suggested that the scale was stable. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four factors model of the questionnaire. The correlations among the subscales and correlation coefficient model between depression and anxiety dimensions indicated a good criterion validity. The findings suggest that the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric properties, thereby providing support for the relevance of using this scale in Iranian population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Factor structure and psychometric properties of the qustionnaire about interpersonal difficulties for adolescents in an iranian sample
Omid Shokri Massomeh Abdolkhaleghi Mohammad H. Afzali Fariborz Gravand Maryam Paeezi Saeed ToolabiThe validity and reliability of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA, Ingles, Hidalgo & Mendez, 2005) was investigated. 276 female and 224 male adolescents living in Tehran, aged 12-18, completed the QIDA and the Social Anxiety Sc MoreThe validity and reliability of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA, Ingles, Hidalgo & Mendez, 2005) was investigated. 276 female and 224 male adolescents living in Tehran, aged 12-18, completed the QIDA and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA, Puklek, 1997). Results demonstrated that the Farsi version of the QIDA, consistent with the principal factorial structure of the QIDA, replicated the five-factor structure of assertiveness, heterosexual relationships, public speaking, family relationships and close friendships in the Iranian sample. The significant positive correlation coefficients between the factors of QIDA and SASA total scores, ranging from r= 0.10 (close friendships) to r=0.35 (assertiveness), confirmed the convergent validity of the QIDA. The test-retest reliability coefficients over a two week period were 0.82 for QIDA total score and 0.82, 0.77, 0.84, 0.71, 0.62 and 0.51, respectively for its factors. The results confirmed the validity and reliability of the QIDA Farsi version. The universal construct of interpersonal difficulties based on similar findings in different cultural contexts is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Psychometric Properties of Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire
Shima Tamannaeifar Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid Mosleh Mirzaee Mehdi Soleimani T he aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). In this cross-sectional study, 486 students of Tehran University selected by multistage cluster sampling completed Five Facet Mindfulne More T he aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). In this cross-sectional study, 486 students of Tehran University selected by multistage cluster sampling completed Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The five factors structure of the questionnaire was confirmed and its indices showed good fitness. Furthermore, test-retest reliability in a sample of 58 students (M=23.27, SD=4.6) showed that correlation coefficients of test-retest reliability in Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire were between 0.76 and 0.86. In conclusion, the current study suggested that FFMQ is a valid instrument in the students samples and useful in further studies regarding mindfulness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Reliability of the Adolescents Self-Regulation Inventory
Sorour Sam Daliri Leili Panaghi Iraj Mokhtarnia Parisa Seyed Mousavithe present study aimed to assess psychometric propertiesof the Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory (ASRI; Dias, Garcia del Castillo & Moilanen, 2014) among a sample of Iranian adolescents. The study was descriptive. Thirty hundred and fifty five students were sele Morethe present study aimed to assess psychometric propertiesof the Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory (ASRI; Dias, Garcia del Castillo & Moilanen, 2014) among a sample of Iranian adolescents. The study was descriptive. Thirty hundred and fifty five students were selected from Karaj schools of Alborz province by multistage sampling method. The participants completed the ASRI and theIranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS; Zademohamadi, Ahmadabadi & Haidari, 2011).The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model of the ASRI.The correlation between the ASRI and the IARS was between 0.30 and 0.51, which indicated the concurrent validity of the ASRI. The high correlations between the total score of the scale and scores of the subscales indicated construct validity of the ASRI. The reliability of the ASRI was satisfactory: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest coefficient of the short term subscale were 0.81 and 0.75, respectively, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest coefficient of the long term subscale were 0.77 and 0.71, respectively, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest coefficient of the ASRI were 0.87 and 0.74, respectively. The findings suggested that the ASRI had appropriate psychometric properties and can be used for research purposes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Psychometric Adequacy of Compassion for Others Scale (CS)
elham hadian mahboubeh foolad changThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Compassion to Others Scale which was devel- oped under the title Compassion Scale (CS) by Pommier, Neff & Tóth-Király (2020). Participants included 278 adults (209 females an MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Compassion to Others Scale which was devel- oped under the title Compassion Scale (CS) by Pommier, Neff & Tóth-Király (2020). Participants included 278 adults (209 females and 69 males; mean age = 28.65, SD= 9.40) from Shiraz. They completed the questionnaires electronically. To check the validity, after a pilot study and doing backward translation, the Persian version of this scale was provided to the participants. The factor structure of the scale was examined by AMOS-22 software. The results confirmed that there are four factors in the Persian version. Also, factor loads and Fit Indices were desirable. Convergent validity was assessed by the correlation between the scores of this scale and the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Van Gucht, 2011). The results showed a moderate correlation between the two constructs. The results of the internal con- sistency study by calculating the correlation of subscales with each other and the total score also indicated the construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed the scale (alpha= 0.82) and subscales (minimum alpha= 0.58) have acceptable reliability. A comparison of gender differences showed that women have higher scores in the kindness subscale. In general, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the Compassion Scale has psychometric adequacy and can be used in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Survey on morphological diversity of European chub (Squalius cephalus) in Touji head branchof Talar River in Mazandaran Province.
M. H. Gorjian Arabi M. Roohi M. Kazemian S. Vatandust A. Janbazi In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attrib More In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute were examined. According to the obtained results average coefficient of variation in the morphometric and meristic speciality in male Squalius cephalus respectively were 28/24 and 96/6 and in female 97/35 and 66/7 also in 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute in the male and female Squalius cephalus none significant (P>05/0). Also according to the obtained results by aid of analysis method to main factors (PCA) two groups have relatively good overlap. There is a strong correlation among the length and weight of male(r2=981/0) and female (r2=983/0) gender of Squalius cephalus in mazandaran talar river. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - A survey on the subject of Palestinian kid in the poems of Abdulkarim Karmi
enayatollah fatehi nejad Mokhtar MojahedChildishness is one of the most significant levels in human growth process that plays important role in creation of man's personality. Therefore, educational specialists, psychologists, sociologists and belletrists have paid special attention to this issue. Abdulkarim MoreChildishness is one of the most significant levels in human growth process that plays important role in creation of man's personality. Therefore, educational specialists, psychologists, sociologists and belletrists have paid special attention to this issue. Abdulkarim Karmi as one of the great Palestinian poets from the first generation focuses on the subject of Palestinian kid and his related issues as one of his poem concerns. That’s why the poet has appropriated a part of his poem works to childish poems in order to achieve his educative and aesthetic aims. The poet's childish poems are investigated in the present article and the quality of suffer and favorites of Palestinian children are discussed in his poems. As the result, considering the Palestinian child is one of the most emotional themes of AbdulkarimKarami's poem. The poet's attention to Palestinian kids and their related issues is as sign of his high hope to bright future of Palestine and its freedom by the hands of these children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Mysticism as a Scientific Discipline A Comparison between Qunavi’s and Imam Khomeini's approaches
Gholam Reza Hossein pour Mohammad Saeedi mehrAccording to a well-known traditional view, any specific human knowledge needs to have a specific subject-matter by which specified and characterized. Moreover, no scientific discipline should discuss of its own subject-matter but this is a task must be undertaken MoreAccording to a well-known traditional view, any specific human knowledge needs to have a specific subject-matter by which specified and characterized. Moreover, no scientific discipline should discuss of its own subject-matter but this is a task must be undertaken by another discipline prior to it. As to Islamic mysticism there have been controversial whether it is a scientific discipline with a certain subject-matter or not. Some Muslim mystics such as Qunawi, believe that God is the subject-matter of mysticism and the Names of the Essence are its principles, and the Names of his Attributes as well as His Acts are its problems. According to Imam Khomeini’s view, however, different branches of human sciences, on the testimony of their historical development, don’t need to have a unique subject-matter. In this point of view, the difference between several branches returns to their intrinsic authenticity. Then the subject of mysticism is God who is a personal and particular, not a universal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Pahlavi's rentier government and the formation of the discourse of the Islamic revolution
Majid Ostovar Hossein MahboobExamining the issue of the rentier government from different perspectives is necessary to understand the functioning of the Pahlavi rentier government. The innovation of the current research is to examine the impact of the rentier government on the change of the politic MoreExamining the issue of the rentier government from different perspectives is necessary to understand the functioning of the Pahlavi rentier government. The innovation of the current research is to examine the impact of the rentier government on the change of the political and social field of the 1950s and the construction of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution centered on Imam Khomeini (RA). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to try to explain the influence of the Pahlavi rentier government in the formation of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The main question of the current research is why the Pahlavi II rentier government in Iran failed to implement its development policy and the Islamic Revolution of Iran emerged? In response to the main question of the current research, after theoretical discussions, the development performance of that government in Iran was examined. The findings of the research show that the performance of the rentier Pahlavi government changed the political and social field of the 1950s and the emergence of new political, social and economic demands in the society. Imam Khomeini's revolutionary speech was one of the most important consequences of the rentier government's performance in this decade. The method of qualitative research is done in the way of historical investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Criticism of Farahangi liberalism in the political out of sight of Imam Khomeini (RA).
mohammad ensandoost samad ghaempanah asadolah athary hasan shamsiniBy examining and explaining the approach of the two schools of liberalism and Islam from the perspective of the leader of the revolution and Imam Khomeini (RA), it can be stated that these two schools in issues such as freedom, lack of responsibility towards the governm MoreBy examining and explaining the approach of the two schools of liberalism and Islam from the perspective of the leader of the revolution and Imam Khomeini (RA), it can be stated that these two schools in issues such as freedom, lack of responsibility towards the government, freedom of expression and thought, lack of individual responsibility in There is a big difference in terms of society and so on.But in this article, the author used the descriptive-analytical method and tried to first examine liberalism and its types, then by comparing the two schools of Islam and liberalism, he analyzed the challenge between them, and at the end, to clarify the topic of the research, he criticized Cultural liberalism is discussed from the perspective of Supreme Leader and Imam Khomeini (RA). In fact, the aim of the current research was to prevent the spread of the principles and ideas of the school of liberalism, especially cultural liberalism, in the heart of the society and among the relevant officials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - A Comparative Study of the Discourses of Imam Khomeini and Jürgen Habermas Based on the Discourse Analysis of Lacla and Mouffe
Garineh Keshishyan SirakiDiscourse analysis theory is one of the study methods in political thought and political sociology. This theori’s roots are in linguistics and has grown in both the fields of linguistics and political philosophy. The theory of discourse in the field of linguistics MoreDiscourse analysis theory is one of the study methods in political thought and political sociology. This theori’s roots are in linguistics and has grown in both the fields of linguistics and political philosophy. The theory of discourse in the field of linguistics is known as critical discourse, the most important theorists of which are Van Dyke, Vodak and Norman Fairclough. According to many experts, the discourse of Laclau and Mouffe has a great capacity to analyze macro-socio-political issues. The discourse of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution is one of the most important discourses in Today’s Islam. It On the other hand, the discourse put forward by the contemporary Western philosopher and sociologist Jürgen Habermas has also attracted a lot of attention. In this article, in addition to explaining the philosophical foundations of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse analysis, the application of this theory to analyze the discourse of Imam Khomeini and Jürgen Habermas in response to the question of how to compare the discourse of these two contemporary thinkers is used. A comparative method has investigated this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution with emphasis on women's participation in defense affairs
Meisam Belbasi Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini zadehWomen are always considered to be one of the most important and influential groups in Iranian society, and they have had a significant role and participation in Iran's political and social developments, especially in the constitutional movement, the victory of the Islam MoreWomen are always considered to be one of the most important and influential groups in Iranian society, and they have had a significant role and participation in Iran's political and social developments, especially in the constitutional movement, the victory of the Islamic Revolution, and the holy defense. . In this regard, the statements and thoughts of Imam Khomeini (RA) as a first-class Islamic jurist who has a correct understanding of the position of women in Islam, are of great importance in analyzing and better explaining the role and position of women in this field. has Therefore, the following article, by using the descriptive-analytical and documentary method (Imam Khomeini's statements), seeks to answer the question, what are the characteristics of the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution, emphasizing the participation of women in defense affairs? The results of the research indicate that in the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution based on the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), women are one of the most important groups who play a very important role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the holy defense as much as men and even more than men. have had The most important roles that exist in the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution in relation to the role and participation of women in the sacred defense are: the role of relief and treatment, support, the spirit of martyrdom, educational and emotional role, material and financial support, combat role - Operation, and women's sacrifice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Delivery a model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis
Sharam Alipour Sayyed Mahmoud Hashemi Mohsen Ameri SharabiThis study discussed the Design and delivery a Designing a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative metho MoreThis study discussed the Design and delivery a Designing a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components of 621 concept codes were obtained and then classified at six dimensions including, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement , Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women . In the second study, the sample size was estimated as 344 people based on Cochran formula and after data collection, the statistical analysis of survey data was performed in two descriptive levels using statistical parameters (such as frequency, percentage, elongation , mean) and inferential statistics (Levin test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 , Lisrel8.54 and Excel. Significant coefficients and parameters of factors, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement , Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women.showed that all of the coefficients obtained are significant. The results of principal component analysis showed that among the dimensions of the home business development in Tehran, the empowerment of women has the greatest impact (0/89).and the job culture enhancement has the latest impact in the home business development in Tehran (0/67). and the respondents are not satisfied with all other components of questions and they express negative opinions and all components in the Cultural model for home business development in Tehran are enjoyed of high functionality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Design and presentation of brand personality marketing model to enhance customer loyalty
reza begmoradi Alireza Rousta Esfandiar DoshmanziyariIn this study, branding personality marketing was designed and presented for increase customer loyalty. The research method is applied and explanatory approach; therefore, it was done in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. The information was collected in the qual MoreIn this study, branding personality marketing was designed and presented for increase customer loyalty. The research method is applied and explanatory approach; therefore, it was done in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. The information was collected in the qualitative phase through interviews with 16 managers and experts in the homeappliance industry, by the snowball sampling method. Also, in the quantitative section, the required data were collected by distributing a researcher-made questionnaire among 80 customers of homeappliances on Kish. In order to design and implement the explained model, the technique of modeling structural equations with pls software was used to test the qualitative model. The results showed, mixed marketing elements and Brand management affects brand personality, but customer attitudes do not affect brand personality. Brand personality affects the brand position stabilization, but it does not affect the decision to buy. The functional characteristics of the brand affect the decision to buy, but it does not affect the brand position stabilization. Environmental factors affect brand position stabilization but do not affect to buying decision. Brand experience does not affect brand position stabilization, but it does affect purchasing decisions. Also, stabilizing the brand position stabilization and purchasing decision does not affect brand loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Presenting an effective model of advertising message with emphasis on the national culture of Iran in the home appliance market.
Seyyed Vahid Jabbarzade Seyyed Abbas Heydari Sina NematizadehAbstract : The present applied research was conducted in 2019 with the aim of examining the effectiveness of the advertising message by emphasizing the national culture of Iran in the home appliance market. This research was among the combined studies that were conducte MoreAbstract : The present applied research was conducted in 2019 with the aim of examining the effectiveness of the advertising message by emphasizing the national culture of Iran in the home appliance market. This research was among the combined studies that were conducted in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the study consists of two parts; The first part includes 5 experts who were purposefully selected and their opinions were used. 384 questionnaires were distributed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the content validity method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. In this research, SPSS and PLS software has been used for data analysis. The results show that if the advertising message is based on national culture and tailored to the interests of customers, It makes that advertising message attractive and may create a tendency for people to buy the product. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Investigating the strategic success factors of home business with a structural-interpretive modeling approach
منیژه صفایی mir ali syed nagavi mohamad javad kameliNowday, the importance of entrepreneurs and start-ups in the development of national and regional economies has been confirmed for several reasons, including the role of entrepreneurs as agents of creating sustainable employment-generating innovation and also increasing MoreNowday, the importance of entrepreneurs and start-ups in the development of national and regional economies has been confirmed for several reasons, including the role of entrepreneurs as agents of creating sustainable employment-generating innovation and also increasing competitive advantage. Such a situation causes the macro-policies of countries to support the creation and development of start-up businesses. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the strategic factors of home business success with a structural-interpretive modeling ISM and MICMAC. The present research is applied in terms of research purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of research topic and questions. Data collection tool included a questionnaire. this study The statistical population studied in this study are for the first stage of entrepreneurship experts. The sampling method was snowball. Excel software was used to analyze the data. The results ISM showed that strategic factors were classified into 2 levels and the analysis MICMAC showed that the environmental factor affects almost all factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Development of a conceptual model for the perception of product safety in home appliances consumers (Case study: home appliances consumers in Mashhad)
saeed ahmadian seyed kamran Nourbakhsh Ghasemali Bazayee Seyed Abbas HeydariProduct safety affects the health of the citizens of a society and improves the quality of their life. Accordingly, the current study presents a conceptual model for the perception of product safety in home appliance consumers. The research orientation is descriptive-an MoreProduct safety affects the health of the citizens of a society and improves the quality of their life. Accordingly, the current study presents a conceptual model for the perception of product safety in home appliance consumers. The research orientation is descriptive-analytical, using a mixed-method approach. In this research, content analysis, interpretive structural modeling technique, structural equations using partial minimum squares were employed. Data library research and exploratory interviews, questionnaires were used. In the cognitive and design phases were statistical population Experts and In evaluation, phase home appliances consumers in Mashhad. Theoretical and convenience sampling methods were employed in this study. The Validity through content Validity, partial minimum squares was measured. Reliability obtained test-retest reliability, intercoder reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Combined reliability were evaluated. The model of perception of safety for home appliance consumers was accepted with 95% reliability. Designing a conceptual model based on a comprehensive set of significant factors develops the theoretical literature in this field; it presents valuable results for academicians, marketing managers, and producers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Identifying the effective factors of technology capabilities on increasing innovation capacities in the development of home-based businesses
mohammad azim fattahi kambiz heidarzadeh ali abadizadehThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors of technology capabilities on increasing innovation capacity for the development of home businesses. The research was applied research with a qualitative approach. The technique used for data collection, ana MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors of technology capabilities on increasing innovation capacity for the development of home businesses. The research was applied research with a qualitative approach. The technique used for data collection, analysis and data analysis was content analysis. The statistical population is handicrafts (pottery, ceramics and hand-woven carpets) in the year 2019. After reviewing the literature of the subject, by compiling the interview guide questions, seventeen interviews were conducted using the in-depth interview technique with purposeful sampling of key informants using the snowball method. Research data was categorized and refined by linking between categories. As a result of 34 concepts of barriers and 17 concepts of drivers of innovation, increasing capacity respectively the importance of research and development components, knowledge acquisition capacity and increasing experimental skills as the most important capabilities with 14 sub-components, in the dimensions of innovation with priority- : Refining of raw materials, creative design, modification of production operations and market knowledge were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Design and psychometric tools to determine value creation factors for corporate banking customers
Ali Asghar Farahmand Mirfeiz Fallah Gholam Reza ZomorodianCreating a value creation chain is essential for those bank customers who have a significant share of financial resources, opportunities and potentials in the financial markets to attract resources, allocate and invest and perform financial and economic activities. This MoreCreating a value creation chain is essential for those bank customers who have a significant share of financial resources, opportunities and potentials in the financial markets to attract resources, allocate and invest and perform financial and economic activities. This segment of customers includes legal customers, or in other words, companies, public, private and semi-private companies. The purpose of this study is to design an appropriate tool to determine value creation factors and evaluate its validity and reliability. First, using the snowball method, experts, key specialists and customers of the company were identified in the Welfare Bank of Tehran and Isfahan provinces, which according to the theoretical saturation of the researchers, 18 people were interviewed. Then, using their opinions, 61 items of the questionnaire were extracted and by calculating the content validity ratio and content validity index, the number of acceptable items was reduced to 51 items and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and ICC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Investigating the relationship between homelessness and internet addiction in female students
Vahid Khoshravesh Gilan DehghaniThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the feeling of homelessness and internet addiction in female students of Islamic Azad University of Tonkabon branch. The method of this research is correlational and according to the method of data MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the feeling of homelessness and internet addiction in female students of Islamic Azad University of Tonkabon branch. The method of this research is correlational and according to the method of data collection, it is part of descriptive (non-experimental) research. The statistical population of this research included all female students of Islamic Azad University, Tunkabon branch, in 2015. The sample of this research consisted of 200 female students of Islamic Azad University, Tonkabon branch, who were selected by random stratified sampling from different faculties. Questionnaires of homelessness and internet addiction were used to collect information. Findings using Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the feeling of homelessness (p < 0.01; r = 0.44) and its dimensions with Internet addiction. Also, there is a negative and significant correlation between quality of life (p < 0.01; r = -0.38) and its dimensions with Internet addiction. Also, the multiple regression coefficient showed that there is a significant linear relationship between the predictor variable (feeling of homesickness) and the criterion variable (Internet addiction) and the dimensions of desire to return to the homeland with a beta coefficient of 0.36, loneliness with a beta coefficient of 0.31 and homesickness For close friends, with a beta coefficient of 0.21, it is able to predict Internet addiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Psychometric characteristics and factor structure of risky, impulsive and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and emotional motivations of risky behavior
Hashem Jabraeili Roya Rezaei Shabnam DavoudizadehIntroduction: Considering the serious consequences of high-risk behavior for the individual and society and the importance of investigating these behaviors with valid tools, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties and fa MoreIntroduction: Considering the serious consequences of high-risk behavior for the individual and society and the importance of investigating these behaviors with valid tools, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties and factor structure of the high-risk, impulsive, and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and the emotional measures of high-risk behavior. Method: In a cross-sectional analytical study, 401 adults were selected from the general population of Kermanshah (201 people) and Sanandaj (200 people) and were measured using the risky, impulsive and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and the impulsive behavior scale. The data were analyzed by applying correlation tests and confirmatory factor analysis and using SPSS-26 and Mplus-7 software. Findings: Cronbach's alpha and halving coefficient of three parts of risky behavior, negative emotional motivation and positive emotional motivation were 0.91, 0.91, 0.93, 0.91, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The factor structure of risky behavior part (RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.98, TFI=0.98), negative emotional motivation (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.93, TFI=0.93) and positive emotional motivation (RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.96, TFI= 0.96) was confirmed. Positive correlations between high-risk behavior domains and impulsivity dimensions indicated the criterion validity of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and considering that this tool measures a wide range of high-risk behaviors despite being relatively short, it can be a suitable tool for use in research and screening. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Measure the Wisdom of Adolescent high school Students in Isfahan
mohammad ali salmani ardani mansure shahriari ahmadiStrengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this MoreStrengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this article assess the wisdom of adolescent students is written.This article is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all gifted and moderately intelligent students of the first year of high school in Isfahan in the academic year of 1997-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were tested individually with a questionnaire to assess the level of wisdom of adolescent students.. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis.The results of the analysis showed that the mean index in the gifted group is higher than the normal group and gifted male and female students have a higher score in the Wise Behavioral Indices Questionnaire. Eight factors with eigenvalues higher than one were able to explain 71.494% of the variance of items. The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.895. The coordination between the factors with the total score is acceptable and the model fit index is at a desirable level, which indicates that the questionnaire is sufficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Integrated Fuzzy Control of Temperature, Light and Emergency Conditions for Smart Home Application
Armaghan Rahimi fardad farokhi Shahram Javadi -
Open Access Article
380 - Scheduling of Residential Multiclass Appliances in Smart Homes UsingV2H Capability of Electric Vehicle
Zahra Sabouri Mahmoodreza Haghifam -
Open Access Article
381 - Designing a Fuzzy Smart System for Energy Conservation for Common Sustainable Smart Home
Vahid Ghobadian seyed omid Fatemi Behrouz MansouriIran is a vast country rich with energy resources. Perhaps, such unlimited energy resources were the reason to keep us in a dream of abundance, and as a result, neglecting justifiable energy conservation. Buildings are one of the main energy consumption and waste source MoreIran is a vast country rich with energy resources. Perhaps, such unlimited energy resources were the reason to keep us in a dream of abundance, and as a result, neglecting justifiable energy conservation. Buildings are one of the main energy consumption and waste sources, and regretfully, still many of them are constructed violating modern engineering rules and solely through experimental and traditional methods. Air conditioning systems are still calculated and designed using estimation. However, we have to know such methods are obsolete in developed countries since ages ago, and we shall commence with a new determination and effort right away if we would like to reach the Global trend. Fortunately, many of the ways have been taken before us, and have certain instructions. In late 20th century and upon development of smart technologies, development of communication and internet networks, sensor networks and sensors, extensive efforts and studies started to use such group of technologies to present solutions to improve humans lives. Using IOT to control the house smartly has been one of the study fields during recent years. The suggested method tries to improve the house smart control for energy conservation. The used sensors are heat and humidity sensors with the duty of monitoring smart home. In this article we plan to suggest optimized smart method to control smart sustainable common home relays smartly. The sensors data is entered into the sustainable common home smart control system and is on/off considering the house relays smart systems algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Management and Environmental Assessment of Simultaneous Production of Solar Electricity and Heat (Case Study: Sar Agha Seyed Rural Health Center)
Mashallah Valikhani Dehaghani Mohsen Khalili Samani Daryosh Mohamadi Janaki -
Open Access Article
383 - Capacity assessment of large-scale wind hydrogen production in very hot and humid region of Iran: A case study
Maryam Khalili Geshnigani -
Open Access Article
384 - Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Evaluation of Grid-Connected Wind-Powered Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station: Effect of Wind Turbine Type
Iman Pishkar Amin Mirzakhani -
Open Access Article
385 - Designing Decision Maker in a Smart Home for Energy Consumption Optimization Using Fuzzy Modeling
Maryam Sadat Mahdaviyani Mehrdad Javadi -
Open Access Article
386 - Robustness Energy Management Module Design for Smart Homes concerning Operation Uncertainty of PVs and WTs Resources
Fatemeh Mohammadi Faramarz Faghihi Ahad Kazemi Amirhossein Salemi -
Open Access Article
387 - Relationships between preserving the interests of the system (IRI) and preserving lives with an approach to the view of Imam Khomeini (may his grave be sanctified)
leila samadzadeh khameneh ebrahim yaghouti seyed abolghasem naghibiThe religious government seeks the help of special rules in governing its society and political system, including expediency.Ignoring the natural and religious interests of individuals is not compatible with the principle of legislation and is not satisfied by the lawgi MoreThe religious government seeks the help of special rules in governing its society and political system, including expediency.Ignoring the natural and religious interests of individuals is not compatible with the principle of legislation and is not satisfied by the lawgiver, the issue of maintaining the system as a religious obligation has been emphasized in various jurisprudential chapters,and this ruling is indicated by all the main and secondary arguments and principles of the Sharia. One of the findings of this article is that maintaining the system and the obligation to save lives is the intention of the Shari'a (religious lawgiver),but in the position of obedience and in times of conflict, the most important interest is carefully preferred to the goals of the Shari'a. The legitimate ruler recognizes the most important thing,which is more expedient,and implements it in the form of government decrees.Maintaining the system based on rules such as the most important rule,the rule of maintaining the system,preventing disruption of the system takes precedence over the expediency of saving lives.This article has been done with the aim of recognizing the relations between the expediency of maintaining system and saving lives in the shadow of describing and analyzing jurisprudential proposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Enhancing Sustainable Urban Transportation through HomeZone Implementation and Traffic Calming: A Case Study of Mollasadra and Sheykhabad Neighborhoods in Qazvin
Nafiseh Mohajeri Seyed Mohammadreza Khatibi Amir GhasemiNowadays, streets are predominantly dominated by vehicles, which has led to disruptions in the cycle of sustainability in urban transportation. Excessive use of private cars has increased the likelihood of accidents. This article addresses these issues by employing appr MoreNowadays, streets are predominantly dominated by vehicles, which has led to disruptions in the cycle of sustainability in urban transportation. Excessive use of private cars has increased the likelihood of accidents. This article addresses these issues by employing approaches such as traffic calming and neighborhood planning. Therefore, assessing and evaluating the factors that influence traffic calming in urban neighborhoods, with an emphasis on creating a home zone, is crucial for achieving sustainable transportation.The present article falls into the descriptive-analytical category, which also aligns with applied-qualitative studies. Initially, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) using the Super Decision software is employed to prioritize options for achieving sustainable transportation based on the evaluations of two prominent experts. Then, suitable criteria for traffic calming are determined using the Delphi method. Finally, a comparative study (new neighborhood vs. old neighborhood) is conducted using statistical analysis to evaluate the more suitable options.According to the findings of the article, the options of eliminating through traffic, reducing air pollution through land use integration, decreasing private vehicle congestion, and enhancing functional compatibility received the highest scores for achieving sustainable transportation. These align with the criteria of form, function, aesthetics, content, and behavior, which are the primary criteria for achieving traffic calming. Additionally, based on the results, the residents of Sheikh Abad neighborhood were more inclined towards actions related to function and content compared to Mollasadra neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - A note on quasi irresolute topological groups
T. Oner A. Ozek -
Open Access Article
390 - s-Topological vector spaces
M. Khan S. Azam S. Bosan -
Open Access Article
391 - The Effect of Home Phototherapy in Jaundice and Bilirubin Levels of Neonates in Urmia City
Milad Ebrahimi Saeid Kamran Dehghan Zahra Fakoor -
Open Access Article
392 - The Protective Effect of Melatonin on Mice Fetus Testis Following lamotrigine- Induced at Pregnancy
S.S HejaziLamotrigine is a novel medicine that has been administrated since 1992 on few patients. There has been no comprehensive study on Organogenesis of the medicine on human. Melatonin, most important secretion of epiphysis, is an effective antioxidant and free radicals neutr MoreLamotrigine is a novel medicine that has been administrated since 1992 on few patients. There has been no comprehensive study on Organogenesis of the medicine on human. Melatonin, most important secretion of epiphysis, is an effective antioxidant and free radicals neutralizer. The present study aimed to study the removing mechanism of free radicals in testis of fetuses from mothers treated with lamotrigine using animal model as well as lamotrigine which is as an antioxidant; so, 10 mg/kg of sigma, Usa melatonin administered as peritoneal injection. At the end of pregnancy, the lengths of newborns were measured using 0.01 accuracy caliper. Their weight was measured using 0.01 gram accuracy digital weigh (Model Wtb). Then, histological studies were conducted on the newborns followed by studying under light microscope (Nikon). Data were explained as mean± SEM. data analysis was conducted using ANOVA method followed by Tukey tests in order to compare differenced among groups. According to testis histology of lamotrigine-affected group, spermatogonia destruction, spermatogonia cells' arrangement defragmenting, large vacuoles aggregation in seminiferous tubules epithelium were observed. Seminiferous tubules compression and interstitial space decrease were observed in testis of lamotrigine and melatonin compound group. Seminiferous tubules epithelial Geometric form and its arrangement were seen in a suitable condition. Morphometric and histomorphometric results of testis tissue suggested that there was a significant difference between lamotrigine group and melatonin-treated control-lamotrigine group (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Histological and Histomorphometrical Study of Intestine in Shirbot (Barbus grypus
H. Morovvati Mehdi Hadi Jafari محمود Khaksar M. MesbahIn the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition hist MoreIn the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition histology of the intestine in this fish can help to feed and nutritional requirement for the development of upbringing of this fish.In this study, 10 Shirbot with average weight 354.25±60.52 g and mean length of 36.25±4.16cm was chosen and after the easy drawing, the intestine are removed and the section of paraffin embedding and stained by routine histological was done about it. With Dino lite lenses and Dino capture software various parts was measured and then data were analyzedwith SPSS software and with p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - The Comparison of Morphometrical and Meristical Factors between Male Huso huso and Female Acipencer ruthenus and Their Hybrid
فاطمه بابایی شبنم گازرانی فراهانی مریم علیRegarding to the importance of morphometric and meristic factors of fish Categories, invironmental factors, feeding, growth and development, this research in order to scaling the morphometrics and meristics factors of Huso huso (male), Acipencer ruthenus (female) and th MoreRegarding to the importance of morphometric and meristic factors of fish Categories, invironmental factors, feeding, growth and development, this research in order to scaling the morphometrics and meristics factors of Huso huso (male), Acipencer ruthenus (female) and their hybrid in1387 in Shahid Beheshti Center (sadde Sangar) has done. In this survey 90 numbers of 3-year-old fishes were experimented to determine 10morphometric factors (total length, head length, snout length, the length of back of the eyes to opercule, snout length till barble, snout length till nostrils, snout width in site of barbel, snout width in site of mouth, snout length till spiracle and the distance between eyes) and 7 meristic factors(the numbers of rays of pectoral and dorsal fins, the numbers of left and right lateral scutes, the numbers of left and right pelvic scutes. Statistical analysis expressed that parental species and hybrid have significant variation in all morphometric and meristic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - The Study of the Morphometric-Meristic Characters, Diet and Fecundity Indices of Anjak Fish (Schizocypris brucei) in Hamoun Wetlands of Iran
روح الله عباسپور ابوالفتح علی پور جواد مسگران کریمی مهرزاد محمدیSchizocypris bruceibelongs to the family Cyprinidae is economic and native in the region of Sistan. In the reproductive season (April 2009), 36 number anjak fish in Hamoun Wetlands and Zabul were analyzed. After catching with fixed net the fish and transferred to the la MoreSchizocypris bruceibelongs to the family Cyprinidae is economic and native in the region of Sistan. In the reproductive season (April 2009), 36 number anjak fish in Hamoun Wetlands and Zabul were analyzed. After catching with fixed net the fish and transferred to the laboratory after biometric, morphometric - meristic characters, Fecundity and diet were determined. According to the results, average standard length was 15/4andplusmn; 1/70 cm (12/9-19/5cm) Average lateral line scales of 92/1 andplusmn; 8/95 (76-113), body weight of 55/5andplusmn; 14/45 g (38/4-87/4 g), average total length of 18/5andplusmn; 1/99 cm ( 15/4-23/5 cm), ovarian weight 2/43andplusmn; 2/18 (0/51-6/91 g), the absolute fecundity 4332/26andplusmn; 3316/67 (1966/96-14077/4 number of eggs ), egg diameter, 0/83andplusmn; 0/21 mm (0/6-1.25 mm), average relative fecundity 69/83andplusmn;43/37 (45/67-190/38), index average length of intestine in body length 7/00andplusmn;1/39 (4/76-9/24), index the average growth rate 876/5andplusmn;115/87 (647/5-1101/7) and index colon weight to total weight of fish, 0/06andplusmn; 0/028(0/03-0/135). Also pull out the digestive tract of fish, food eaten were identified. According to the results obtained in all cases, spiral intestine of food remnants being degraded and was undetectable and the combined sludge and residue formed. Thus, according to a survey conducted diet of fish was vegetarian. Overall, little difference between the minimum and maximum total length represent the total weight of fish in this lifetime is very low and the low reproductive age shows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - An Introduction to Biology of the Glass snake, Pseudopus apodus in the Southern provinces of the Caspian Sea
نجمه اخلی حاجی قلی کمی هومن شجیعیLimblesslizards (family Anguidae) are similar to Snakes. These Lizards have ear openings and movable eyelids and easily identified from snakes. There are 2 limbless lizards In Iran.One of these species is Glass Snake,Pseudopus apodus.Its local name is Petelus, Lousmar, MoreLimblesslizards (family Anguidae) are similar to Snakes. These Lizards have ear openings and movable eyelids and easily identified from snakes. There are 2 limbless lizards In Iran.One of these species is Glass Snake,Pseudopus apodus.Its local name is Petelus, Lousmar, Kare rouf, Kay sar and Lors in the north of Iran. We studied 31adults, 10 juveniles based on 9 morphometric and 3 meristic and some morphological characters from Golestan(20), Mazandaran(20) Guilan(1) provinces.Results revealed that this species have a deep latral groove from behind of head to vent. The ratio of head and body to tail was 0.58 andndash; 0.69 (mean 0.62) in 21 adults and this ratio was 0.53-0.66(mean 0.58) in 10 juveniles with original tail. Supralabial scales was 9- 12 (mean 11.01) in 10 juveniles and in 31 adults. Dorsal and ventral scales of mid body were constant in all juveniles and adults (12 in darsal and 10 in ventral part of lateral groove. Tail of all juveniles (%100) and 11 (%34.3) from 31 adults were original and complete. It was seen some shells of pulmonte gastropod snails in the feces of this species Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - The Influence of Dietary Lysine Levels on Small Intestine Morphometrics in Starter and Grower Period of Broiler Chickens
غلامحسن واعظی مسعود تشفام شهاب بهادران حیدر فرازیانTheandshy; purpose of this study to demonstrate the effects of lysine supplement on Small Intestine Morphometrics of broilers chickens. 180 day old male Ross breed broiler were purchased and divided into 3 groups. In starter period Control group received diet containing MoreTheandshy; purpose of this study to demonstrate the effects of lysine supplement on Small Intestine Morphometrics of broilers chickens. 180 day old male Ross breed broiler were purchased and divided into 3 groups. In starter period Control group received diet containing 1.2% lysine, Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 group received diet containing 1.3% and 1.4% Lysine, respectively. In Grower period Control group received diet containing 1.1% lysine, Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 group received diet containing 1.2% and 1.3% Lysine, respectively. Intestine villous Morphometrics examination was done by analyzing of villiand#39;s height, width and depth of crypts. PAS solution was used in order to staining samples. Data analyzed by SPSS 17software through one-way variance analysis and Tukey Test. The finding shown that as diet lysine increased, in trearment2 the villous height and crypt depth had a significant increase compared to the control Group. The growth of intestine villous width which depends on lysine density had significant increase (Pandlt;0.05) compared to control group. Lysine had no significant effect villous height to crypt depth ratio and villous height to villous width ratio in the jejunum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Three species of sheath nematodes from Iran
علی اسکندری اکبر کارگربیده ابراهیم پورجمSummary-During the taxonomic studies on the nematodes of the family Criconematidae in Iran, three species of sheath nematodes, including Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, Hemicycliophora lutosa and H. sturhani were identified from soil and root samples collected from d MoreSummary-During the taxonomic studies on the nematodes of the family Criconematidae in Iran, three species of sheath nematodes, including Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, Hemicycliophora lutosa and H. sturhani were identified from soil and root samples collected from different fields, orchards, forests and pastures. The first species was found in rhizosphere of date palm in Kerman, walnut in Ghazvin and citrus in Bandar Abbas and Kerman; the second from soil around the roots of millet in Asalem forest and the third one from soil around the roots of wild garlic in Damghan and willow in Shahrood were collected Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Effect of Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Extract on Intestinal Wall Structure in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A Histomorphometric and Biochemical Study
Ali Parchami Vahid PouyapurThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng root extract (Panax ginseng) on the histomorphometric and biochemical characteristics of the intestinal wall in rainbow trout. Study carried out during 60 days within 4 experiments, each with 3 replicate MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng root extract (Panax ginseng) on the histomorphometric and biochemical characteristics of the intestinal wall in rainbow trout. Study carried out during 60 days within 4 experiments, each with 3 replicates. In each replication 60 pcs of fry with average weight of 15gr. were randomly distributed. The experimental groups were fed with aqueous extract of P. Ginseng at 100, 150 & 200 gr./kg. diet respectively. Tissue samples from the proximal and distal segments of the intestine were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff and alcin blue stains. Results showed that by increasing the amount of ginseng up to 150 grams per 100 kg of diet, the length of the intestinal folds and the absorption area significantly increased in both the proximal and distal segments of the intestine (p < 0.05). The thickness of the muscular layer in the groups receiving ginseng did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The total number of goblet cells as well as the number of acid mucus producing cells in the distal part of the intestine in the groups receiving ginseng increased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05), but the amount of these parameters in the proximal part of the intestine did not show a statistically significant difference in the groups receiving ginseng compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The increase in the total number of goblet cells in the groups receiving ginseng in the distal part of the intestine is mainly due to the increase in the number of goblet cells producing acidic mucins in this part of the intestine, and the number of cells producing neutral and mixed mucins did not show a statistically significant difference in the groups receiving ginseng compare to the control group (p > 0.05). . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Nostalgia for the homeland in the 1st and 2nd volumes of The Mathnavi Ma'navi
maryam Jalali Kondelaji Parvindokht Mashhoor Akbar Sha'baniAbstract Nostalgia for the homeland, as an instinctive, natural and psychological state, appears in man when he loses some of the things that he possessed and yearns to regain them. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi was of the mystics MoreAbstract Nostalgia for the homeland, as an instinctive, natural and psychological state, appears in man when he loses some of the things that he possessed and yearns to regain them. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi was of the mystics who elaborated the remoteness of his beloved and homeland more profoundly in the first and second volumes of Mathnavi. In his speculation the descent of man and his strangeness in this world has several reasons. For this nostalgia, Maulana takes advantage of allegorical fables and makes the story more tangible. The mystic, ultimately finds his lost proprietorship which is the main home and land and spiritual world and attaining the real beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - The Alienation of the Islamic Jurisprudence Discourse Based on the Thought of Imam Khomeini (RA)
Mohamad hosain bagheriThe main aim of the research is to elaborate the alienation of political power in Jurisprudence's political Islamic thought by emphasizing the political thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) as Islam based in today's Iran, in the form of a conceptual network. n this article, an MoreThe main aim of the research is to elaborate the alienation of political power in Jurisprudence's political Islamic thought by emphasizing the political thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) as Islam based in today's Iran, in the form of a conceptual network. n this article, an attempt was made to show the process of alienation in Imam Khomeini's jurisprudential political Islam in the form of a model using the discourse analysis method. Imam Khomeini's political thought as the explainer and architect of jurisprudential political Islam in the Islamic Republic was the central text of this research. For this purpose, by analyzing the political thought and statements of Imam Khomeini, the components of the central signifier and the floating signifiers of the discourse of pure Islam intended by him were stated in the framework of the discourse theory in order to clarify the equivalence chain of alienated concepts. By clarifying the chains of negation of the Pahlavi regime, negation of the discourse of the West and Westernization, negation of other Islams, negation of the discourse of secular nationalism, negation of dependence, colonialism and exploitation, the way is opened for detailing other issues and concepts such as monitoring political power and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - The Role of Imam Khomeini's Cultural Capital in the Islamic Revolution of Iran
Majid OstovarThe 1979 Revolution in Iran is one of those great historical events that is linked to the character of Imam Khomeini and without it, one cannot study all aspects of this revolution. For many scholars of the revolution, there is the question of how an elderly personalit MoreThe 1979 Revolution in Iran is one of those great historical events that is linked to the character of Imam Khomeini and without it, one cannot study all aspects of this revolution. For many scholars of the revolution, there is the question of how an elderly personality was able to change the minds of the Iranian people and transform the minds of Iranians with unique characteristics. This article aims to understand the dimensions of Imam Khomeini's influence in the minds of Iranians, requires intellectual knowledge and dimensions of cultural capital. Therefore, this article uses the theory of cultural capital of "Pierre Bourdieu" and the application of the sociological method of phenomenology shows the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Imam Khomeini and the coordinates of the Iranian political field in the formation of comprehensive legitimacy of Imam Khomeini in people and groups. Politics played an important role in the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study show that Imam Khomeini, using Islamic-Shiite elements against the modernist policies of the Pahlavi regime, mobilized the Iranians in support of revolutionary ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - The effection of poets on critical national identity
Amiesmael Azar Identity, national identity in particular. Is an issue which has not been dealt with yet, or if any, the definitions and discussions raised have barely accomplished. The present research has initially defined the national and individual identity and the relation b More Identity, national identity in particular. Is an issue which has not been dealt with yet, or if any, the definitions and discussions raised have barely accomplished. The present research has initially defined the national and individual identity and the relation between identity and culture. Therefore, the concept of the term “national” is clarified prior to deal with national identity. Since among principles of the research is to specify the specify the identity domain associated with society and city, a wide range of identities such as historical, geographical, political, religious, spiritual and cultural are explained. The rule of myths, customs, traditions, social contracts and ceremonies as regards identity are also discussed. The Iranian identity in poems of the prominent and impressive poets in the Constitution era as well as the way they were processed is to be notified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Comparing morphomeristic Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the rivers of Havigh and Shafaroud in Gilan Province
Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Moghadam Toraj Sohrabi Langroudi Hamid Abdollahpour BiriaSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a MoreSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a fishing device, electric, tour throw the hook in the years 2009 and 2010 catches and characteristics of morphometric and meristic were studied. Studied fish in the river of Shafaroud weighs 7.54 to 78.4 (29.65 ± 16.7) gr and fork length 85 to 184 (125.8 ± 22.4) mm and has weight in the river of Havigh 11.3 to 73.8 (26.17 ± 16.4) gr and fork length of 94 to 176 (121.6 ± 22.8) mm, respectively. The number of scales on the lateral line is 104 to 139, the number of scales between the adipose fin and lateral line is 14 to 19, the number of rays soft . The results show that the significant difference between the head length and head height, the length of the upper jaw, eye diameter, height maximum and minimum body height of the dorsal and anal fins, the pectoral and ventral fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Detection of children's activities in smart home based on deep learning approach
Toktam Nojavan Hooman Kashanian -
Open Access Article
406 - Effect of dietary inclusion of Zataria multiflora on histological parameters of small intestine in broiler chickens
Somayeh HamediThe composition of diet can influence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiflora in broiler chickens. To t MoreThe composition of diet can influence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiflora in broiler chickens. To this end, Fifty, one-day old chickens were randomly divided into fve equal groups and fed with diets contained 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Z. multiflora (experimental groups) or basal diet (Control Group) for 40 days. At the end of the treated period, all animals were weighted and sacrifced. Small intestine was removed from the bodies immediately after death; transverse sections were successively cut with 2cm intervals and fxed in 10% buffered formalin. The sections were stained with H&E, and then studied under light microscope. Height and width of villi, depth of crypts, and width of sub-mucosal and muscular layer were measured by linear Graticule, then data were analyzed by using the ANOVA statistical test. The result showed that, villus height, crypt dept, and villus height/crypt dept ratio as well as submucosal and muscular layer width did not signifcantly changed in the experimental groups as compared to control; this indicated either the lack of any change in intestinal absorption or the weights of the experimental chickens as compared to the control. In conclution, the consumed ration of Z. Multiflora that used, could not effect on absorption ability via intestinal histological changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Effect of Foliar Application and Irrigation Stress on Yield and Yield Components of Bean Cultivars
Mohammad Ali Dodangeh Saeed sayfzadeh Amir Hossein Shirani RadIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation stress and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of two cultivars of bean, a factorial experiment with factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Researc MoreIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation stress and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of two cultivars of bean, a factorial experiment with factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch. Was done. Experimental treatments consisted of two levels of irrigation (I1: normal irrigation and I2: discontinuation of irrigation after podding stage) and four micronutrient foliar application (M1: Mn: M2: Zn, M3: Manganese + Zn foliar application, M4: Foliar spray - control) and Bean Chitai cultivar at two levels (V1: Khomein Vad. Micronutrient intake at 1 liter per 100 liters of water (1: 10 ratio). Three sampling stages during the growing season and one sampling at physiological maturity and harvest time of the bean plant were carried out to evaluate the effect of experimental treatments on some growth traits of chickpea beans. Maximum seed yield and biological yield at irrigation levels were 5514.1 and 10309.7 kg / ha of irrigation with micronutrients in most of the studied traits combined with manganese and zinc foliar application, respectively. The highest grain yield and biological yield were obtained with Mn + Zn + 1050104/10509/4504 / 450.4% of cultivars showed significant differences among Khomein cultivars. And there was no effort but in grain yield, Talash with 5154.1 kg / ha had higher seed yield than Khomein (4921.9 kg / ha) and in Ama group Were higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - A Comparison between Metacognitive Knowledge of Solving Problem and Primary School Students’ Level of Academic Achievement, Grades,and Sex
Zohreh Ababaf Hasan Pashasharifi Abstract This paper aims at investigating the metacognitive Knowledge of solving problem among primary school students with high and low school achievement. Two other variables of the students’ grade and sex were also accounted for. The partic More Abstract This paper aims at investigating the metacognitive Knowledge of solving problem among primary school students with high and low school achievement. Two other variables of the students’ grade and sex were also accounted for. The participants were 232 boy and girl students from forth and fifth grades which were randomly selected and divided into two groups of high and low achievers . Swanson (1996) Metacognitive Questionnaire was used in the form of interview. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and the findings were : No significant difference was traced between metacognitive knowledge and the boy and girl students’ knowledge of strategies. Also, fifth graders were higher than forth graders regarding their metacognitive and strategy knowledge. It was even more significantly meaningful in terms of the strategy knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge capabilities and Orientation Entrepreneurship with Considering the mediating role of social capital in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Golestan Province
حمید رضائی مهسا زمانیThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation with Considering the mediating role of social capital. This is a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted as a survey. The statistical MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation with Considering the mediating role of social capital. This is a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted as a survey. The statistical population included the staff of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Golestan province with a volume of 750 people and the sampling method was simple random. The sample size was 256 based on the Krejcie-Morgan table. To collect data, Knowledge Capabilities Questionnaires Patrick and Sonia (2009), Entrepreneurial Orientation Antonik and Hisrich (2003) and Social Capital Nahapit and Gushal (1998) were used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability. Then, the collected data were analyzed using Smart PLS software through correlation matrix, structural equation testing and model fit. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge acquisition and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge creation and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge storage and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge distribution and social capital. There is a significant relationship between knowledge retention and social capital. There is a significant relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship orientation. Therefore, special attention to the capabilities of knowledge and social capital as a competitive advantage in the 21st century, will make the organization more successful in achieving its goals and leading to increase entrepreneurial capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Online social interactions as connector to maintain social support of the homeland
زهرا زارع رحمت الله امیراحمدیThe new technologies of communication with their capabilities have been able to play an important role in establishing, extending and maintaining interactions without considering the dimension of space; Reliable access, affordability and ease of use makes it possible fo MoreThe new technologies of communication with their capabilities have been able to play an important role in establishing, extending and maintaining interactions without considering the dimension of space; Reliable access, affordability and ease of use makes it possible for immigrants to stay abroad and their affiliates in Iran. This study examines the way online interactions and existing support in it with a quantitative approach and with regard to the nature of the problem by means of internet scanning through questionnaires. The response of respondents through telegrams and then other social networks such as Watts Up, Emo and Skype and ... are in contact with their affiliates, which interact with first-degree family members in less time intervals. People often turn around the "heart and morning" and then "counseling and exchanging information". People have a lot of dependence on this online interaction, and the closer they are to a person living outside the country (such as a first-degree family), this is more affiliated. There is also a great deal of security for easy access to online interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Psychometric properties of the scale of marital infidelity
mehrab bashirpour abdollah shafiabadi farideh dokaneifardThe purpose of this study was to design and characterize the psychometric properties of the scale of tendency towards marital infidelity and qualitative-quantitative method was used. According to the statistical society, three types of multi-stage cluster sampling (rand MoreThe purpose of this study was to design and characterize the psychometric properties of the scale of tendency towards marital infidelity and qualitative-quantitative method was used. According to the statistical society, three types of multi-stage cluster sampling (randomized) were used in interviews with couples (28 people) (targeted) in interviews with experts (14 people) and clustering in the study of lavage characteristics (528 From secretaries). According to interviews, the three factors of individual, marital and social are factors of tendency toward betrayal. Based on interviews, the initial scale of marital infidelity was 79, and after reviewing the content validity and content, Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis, the number of questions was 45. The results showed that there are three personal, familial and social factors on the scale. Calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the basis for the internal consistency of the questionnaire (0.9). The findings indicate that the questionnaire for marital infidelity with 45 phrases and the existence of features such as tool design based on the concept of tendency to betrail from the viewpoint of family specialists and secondary school teachers of Tabriz based on their experiences, the explanation of all forms of marital infidelity, Simplicity, reliability, and validity are a suitable tool for investigating the tendency toward marital infidelity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Study of Psychometric Properties of Aurora Successful Intelligence Questionnaire on 10-12 years old children (Self-report and Parents Form)
Sara Aghababaei Mahboobeh Mohammadsadeghi: The aim of this research was study of psychometric properties of Aurora successful intelligence questionnaire on 10-12 years old children (self-report and parents form) in order to assessment of children successful intelligence according to Sternberg’s theory of More: The aim of this research was study of psychometric properties of Aurora successful intelligence questionnaire on 10-12 years old children (self-report and parents form) in order to assessment of children successful intelligence according to Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence. 300 children 10-12 years old were selected through cluster sampling method and 300 their parents were tested with Aurora questionnaires. The factor analysis of data was performed through Amos software. Fit indices in self-report form show that data slightly fit with model and in parents form data fully fit with model. Moreover, the correlation between self-report questionnaire total score and memory, analytical, practical and creative abilities were 0.88, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.89 and in parents form were 0.90, 0.94, .091 and 0.93, respectively. Alpha for self-report form total score was equal to 0.92 and for parents form was 0.95. Aurora questionnaires (self-report and parents forms) can be an appropriate and valid instrument for assessment successful intelligence in children aged 9-12 according to Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Psychometric properties of Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran
Saeed Almasi Rita Liaghat Morteza HoseiniThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old you MoreThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran. For this purpose, all of the 20-30 year-olds in Tehran who were living in one of Tehran's districts in 1394 participated in this study and424 people selected by available sampling method. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, Yang's Internet addiction and bass and perception aggression were used. For data analysis, internal consistency, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used by SPSS and AMOS software. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole test is 0.94 indicating the intrinsic consistency and expression of the excellent value of Internet addiction. To determine the factors, exploratory factor analysis was performed and finally, three factors were named as difficulty in control, social problems and control impairment. To determine the best model for data of this research, a confirmatory factor analysis was used and according to the fit indices it was concluded that the 3 factor extractive model of this research is better fitted with the data. Finally, according to the findings of this study, Young's Internet addiction test has good psychometric properties, but has no relation to aggression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Psychometric properties of Internet Addiction Questionnaire and its relationship with Basic psychological needs
Javad Shahbazi Malek Mirhashemi خدیجه ابوالمعالی الحسینیSince the introduction of the Internet, the pace of changes in life has increased significantly. Addiction to the Internet can cause fundamental changes in human life. Due to the importance of the subject in this research, the psychometric properties of Young's Int MoreSince the introduction of the Internet, the pace of changes in life has increased significantly. Addiction to the Internet can cause fundamental changes in human life. Due to the importance of the subject in this research, the psychometric properties of Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire and its relationship with Basic psychological needs were determined. The statistical population is the students of Roudehen University in 1400, of which 481 people were investigated by multi-stage random sampling method. Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire and Desi and Ryan's Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire were used to measure the research variables. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of 0.928 of the whole internet addiction test showed that the internal consistency and in other words the validity of the questionnaire is very high. In order to analyze the factors, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, as a result of which, three factors of tolerance were extracted as the first factor, salience as the second factor, and mood change as the third factor. Finally, the structural model of the relationship between basic psychological needs and Internet addiction was fitted and the inverse and significant relationship between basic psychological needs and Internet addiction was determined. Also, a significant relationship was found between all components of basic psychological needs and internet addiction with the main variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - ate the psychometric properties of Personality Inventory for DSM-5—Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in a sample of RoodehenIslamic Azad University students.
BEHNAZ ABAIEAbstract The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the APA 2013 Personality Characteristics short form profile in a sample of students at Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch.The applied research method was descriptive and Correlational. Th MoreAbstract The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the APA 2013 Personality Characteristics short form profile in a sample of students at Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch.The applied research method was descriptive and Correlational. The sample consisted of 300 students from the Islamic Azad University of Roodehen who were selected by hand. The research data were collected using the Neo-60 questionnaire and the APA Personality Characteristics Short Person Profile Form (APA 2013).After initial screening, 280 uestionnaires remained for the final analysis.The findings of exploratory factor analysis revealed that there were 5 factors and 24 questions that indicated the validity of the tool structure. Also, the Cronbach's alpha and Gatman's Lambda 2 showed an appropriate instrumental reliability. In this way, the APA Personality Characteristics Short Form (APA) short form has appropriate psychometric properties in the present study. The results of this research can lead to the use of this tool in clinical and subclinical environments.Keywords: Psychometric Properties, PersonalityCharacteristics, Reliability, Validity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Psychometric Properties of the Colorado Test (CLDQ) in the students of Roodehen male vocational schools in the academic year of 97-98
Ghadir Ghadiri Alamdari Hossein Bigdeli Reza HosseinpourThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Colorado test (CLDQ). Due to the nature of their field of study, vocational school students must have perseverance, focus on purpose, perceptiveness and deep problem-solving power in order to ac MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Colorado test (CLDQ). Due to the nature of their field of study, vocational school students must have perseverance, focus on purpose, perceptiveness and deep problem-solving power in order to achieve the goals of vocational schools curricula. The research method was exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population included 367 students of Shahid Chamran and Ayatollah Rafsanjani male' vocational schools in the academic year of 97-98 in the city of Roodehen. After screening, 120 people were selected by convenience sampling. The validity of the Colorado questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.90 and using the retest method is 0.94, which indicates high internal consistency and reliability. Three factors were identified, which included all five factors of reading, social cognition, social anxiety, and spatial and mathematical problems. According to the obtained results, this scale has high validity and reliability and can be used as a useful self-assessment tool for learning disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Investigation of psychometric properties of Enrich Couple Inventory of married women residing in Tehran
fahime vahidi Roya Kochak Entezar fariba Hassani fatemeh golshaniMarital satisfaction as an indicator of the health of husband and wife relationships has been a topic of interest for researchers. One of the most widely used tools for assessing marital satisfaction is the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. This questionnaire has long MoreMarital satisfaction as an indicator of the health of husband and wife relationships has been a topic of interest for researchers. One of the most widely used tools for assessing marital satisfaction is the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. This questionnaire has long and short forms. The present research was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of Enrich Couple Inventory (Fowers & Olson, 1989). This scale has 35 questions and 4 subscales. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Sampling method is convenience. Sample size consists of 200 married women residing in Tehran who responded to the Enrich Couple Inventory. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that Enrich Couple Inventory has a four-factor structure in Iranian culture. The internal consistency of the scale is acceptable and the Cronbach's alpha is equal to 0.70. Enrich Couple Inventory as a tool can help specialists in the assessment of Marital Satisfaction and can be applied in Couples Therapy and research activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Rosenberg Self-esteem Psychometric Characteristics
fatemah ziaei Horieh GhanbariIn today's society, between one-second and one-third of adolescents have problems with self-esteem, especially in their early teens. Since self-esteem affects academic achievement from elementary school to the end of the academic year, there is considerable evidence tha MoreIn today's society, between one-second and one-third of adolescents have problems with self-esteem, especially in their early teens. Since self-esteem affects academic achievement from elementary school to the end of the academic year, there is considerable evidence that there is a relationship between low self-esteem and depression, academic decline, and even disruptive school membership. They found that high self-esteem with academic achievement and job success on the one hand and the relationship between low self-esteem with academic failure, depression, anxiety, violence, and drug abuse on the other hand confirmed that having an Iranian-standard questionnaire was necessary. In this study, psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Questionnaire were investigated. A sample group of three districts of education 2, 4 and 21 with a sample size of 300 were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from boys' high schools in Tehran. Students responded to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions that assessed the overall factor of feeling valued. Sampling adequacy index was 0.83 and determinant = 0.001, respectively. Our results showed that the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire included two factors of positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem. 47% of self-esteem is explained by these two factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Social Cognition Scale among students
Masoume pashanejati reza nikbakhsh farideh sharififarThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Social Cognition Scale among students. This study was performed among students in Tehran. Using Morgan table and available sampling method, 307 people were selected as a statistical sample. The MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Social Cognition Scale among students. This study was performed among students in Tehran. Using Morgan table and available sampling method, 307 people were selected as a statistical sample. The instrument used in this study was the Parnell Questionnaire (2016). All scale expressions have an impact of more than 1.5 according to experts. The results of content validity ratio with the opinion of 15 experts were 0.59 and content validity index was 0.79 to 0.81. The results of Bartlett sphericity test showed a sufficiently significant correlation between the questions (P <0.001, Chi-square = 12952/917). Also, the results obtained from Kaiser criterion showed that the factor loads for all 6 factors were greater than 0.40, which explains 70.252% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the convergent validity indices in the six dimensions of the studied scale are more than 0.5. Also, divergent validity showed that the mean variance extracted from each dimension is higher than its highest correlation with other constructs of the studied scale. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability were more than 0.70 and 0.80 for this questionnaire, respectively. In general, it can be said that the scale of social cognition is sufficiently valid for measurement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students
gashav sharifi Abbas Abdollahi simin HosseinianPsychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire (Winfield, Edwards, and Reddy, 2012) and to investigate its psychometric pr MorePsychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire (Winfield, Edwards, and Reddy, 2012) and to investigate its psychometric properties among university students. The research method was testing and its statistical population was all undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students of Tehran, Al-zahra and Azad universities in 2020. Of these, 287 were selected through available sampling. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha indices, composite reliability, content validity index, content validity ratio, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was 0.60 for all drivers’ Questionnaire standards. Also, the composite reliability scores 88%. CVR was more than 62% and CVI more than 79%, indicating good content validity of the scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that factor loadings were greater than 0.3 and all paths from items to hidden variables were significant at the .001 level and the scale had appropriate construct validity. CMIN/DF 1/83 (p=.001); GFI 0.92, CFI 0.91, NFI 0.90, and RMSEA 0.54 were within acceptable thresholds. Given the desirable psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire, it can be suggested to psychologists and counselors in research and diagnostic situations.Keywords: Accreditation, Factor Analysis, Psychometric Assessment, Drivers Questionnaire Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Validity and Validity of Shame Questionnaire (MSRI-21)
Faranak ahmadi parvari zahra bordanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Shame Questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study was the students of the Islamic Azad University of Saveh in the second semester of the academic year 1300-1389 and the statisti MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Shame Questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study was the students of the Islamic Azad University of Saveh in the second semester of the academic year 1300-1389 and the statistical sample was 280 of these students who were selected by convenience sampling method and then the shame questionnaire (MSRI-21) on them. Was implemented. The questionnaire assesses shame-related responses in three categories: negative self-esteem, fear of social consequences, and tendency to maladaptive behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. According to the research findings, this questionnaire is saturated with three factors that together explained 54.296% of the variance and has acceptable validity and reliability. The results show that MSRI-21 is a reliable and valid evaluation of the response. Is related to shame, and is successful for medical research and use. Therefore, therapists, researchers, and all counselors can use it as a valid tool to measure the variable of shame. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Persian version of Empathic Experience Scale
Samin Baharshanjani Hojjatollah Farahani Parviz AzadfallahEmpathy is a key concept that consists of two main structures originated from tradition of phenomenology: sensory perception (vicarious experience) and cognition awareness (intuitive understanding) of the emotions of others. The present study aimed to assess the psychom MoreEmpathy is a key concept that consists of two main structures originated from tradition of phenomenology: sensory perception (vicarious experience) and cognition awareness (intuitive understanding) of the emotions of others. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Empathic Experience Scale in Iran. A total of 260 adults (210 females and 50 males) were selected via the convenience sampling method. The Persian version of scale was administered simultaneously with other scales as Basic Empathy, Aggression questionnaire and Interpersonal Problems. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the validity of the scale. Moreover, the content and divergent validity of this scale were assessed with other scales. The reliability of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability. The significant correlation of factors with the other used scales pointed to the content validity and divergent validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.93, the test-retest coefficient was 0.935 and the composite reliability of the factors was in the range of 0.88 to 0.92. With respect to average variance extracted greater than 0.5 and composite reliability greater than 0.8, the convergent validity of the factors was confirmed. As evidenced by the obtained results, the Persian version of the EES is a valid scale in the field of empathy and social cognition that can be used for Iranian populations. The Factor structure includes two factors of vicarious experience and intuitive understanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - The Effectiveness of Semantic Therapy Training on the Feeling of Loneliness in the Elderly (Case Study: Nursing Home for the Center of Tehran)
Maryam Vatani Tahereh HasoomiIntroduction : this study was to investigate the effectiveness of semantic therapy training on the feeling of loneliness of the elderly living in a nursing home in the center of Tehran. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-tes MoreIntroduction : this study was to investigate the effectiveness of semantic therapy training on the feeling of loneliness of the elderly living in a nursing home in the center of Tehran. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with a control group and random assignment that was conducted to investigate the effect of semantic therapy training on the feeling of loneliness in the elderly among 1750 elderly people in downtown Tehran as a statistical population; Thirty elderly people living in Kahrizak nursing home located in the center of Tehran were selected as a statistical sample by voluntary and available random sampling. Inferential statistical methods were used to analyze statistical information in this study. According to the type of research and based on the normality of data distribution in this study, the statistical method of univariate analysis of covariance and post hoc test has been used. Conclusion: The findings show that the mean and standard deviation of loneliness score in the experimental group in the pre-test stage were 48.69 and 8.42, respectively, and in the post-test stage the mean score of loneliness in the experimental group was 27.21. It has decreased with a standard deviation of 7.26. The results of univariate analysis of variance show that there is a positive and significant difference between the effect of semantic therapy training on the feeling of loneliness in the elderly. The results of Benferoni post hoc test show that the scores of feeling lonely differ between the experimental group of logotherapy and control; And the mean scores of loneliness in the experimental group were higher than the control group. Summary of research findings shows that semantic therapy training has a significant effect on the feeling of loneliness of the elderly living in a nursing home in the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Cyber-Aggression in Adolescents: A Psychometric Study
asghar minaei behrooz kazemi danaCyber- aggression is one of the compatibility problems of the youth that has attracted the attention of the investigators at schools and out of school , and it is a sort of violence that occurs repeatedly and over time using electronic equipment. The purpose of this stu MoreCyber- aggression is one of the compatibility problems of the youth that has attracted the attention of the investigators at schools and out of school , and it is a sort of violence that occurs repeatedly and over time using electronic equipment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Cyber- aggression questionnaire for Adolescents among Iranian students . The sample size consisted of 386 students ( 167 boys and 219 girls ) from Zanjan city , were selected using Multi - Stages cluster sampling . The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that this questionnaire had 3 factors which in total determined 66.45% of the total variance and Obtained Internal consistency Total questionnaire by Omega coefficient . 90 % and The results also showed that a Negative correlation of this questionnaire with empathy scale and Positive correlation with impulsivity scale This was a Witness for the Criterion Validity of this scale . The results showed there is a significant difference between girls and boys in cyber- aggression. This study confirms the reliability and appropriateness of the questionnaire for measuring cyber - aggression among students .Keywords : aggression ، cyber، psychometric ، validity، adolescents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Psychometric properties of the Domestic Violence Questionnaire in women
Bahman ShafieeIntroduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to MoreIntroduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to address this problem is evident. Ineffective and inefficient methods of fighting against domestic violence, could be retaliation, angry a long time, leaving home and noted. And effective coping methods can be used to silence one of the parties, talking after relaxation, help seeking guidance from the elders visiting family counseling centers, bearing a mention. Questionnaire design how to deal with domestic violence on women is particularly important to reduce the side effects of domestic violence on women. This study aimed to determine the psychometric questionnaire designed to deal with domestic violence against women. Methods: In this study, the methodology, after a review of existing studies and literature, basic phrases and then design the questionnaire validity and reliability was determined using different methods. To determine the validity of the method of face validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest methods through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: After reviewing the literature, the questionnaire's content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis 69/34 Hara percent of variance explained. Reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/82 and 0/81 Test-retest reliability coefficient. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of 32 words, how to deal with domestic violence against women was confirmed. This is a tool to measure how to deal with domestic violence on women used in other studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Adolescent- Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran
Reihaneh Reihani Kambiz Kamkary Firouz KioumarcyIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whethe MoreIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whether this instrument has desirable psychometric properties or not? The present research design is survey of descriptive method. The statistical population consists of all adolescents aged 12 to 18 who have referred to counseling centers in Tehran. 300 adolescents were selected by nonrandom sampling method using incidental and convenient sample. The instrument used in this study is The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) which has been standardized by Kamkary and Shokrzadeh. In order to determine the validity coefficient of the inventory, two methods of Cronbach's alpha and the split-half reliability have been used; Also in order to evaluate the concurrent validity, The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II (MACI-II) have been used. Findings showed that the validity coefficients with Cronbach's alpha and split-half in the scales of emotional dysfunction, demoralization, dysfunctional negative emotion, self-doubt, negative school attitudes, shyness, aggressiveness, psychoticism, and introversion were higher than 0/70, which indicates the desirable validity coefficients of these scales in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran. Also, Findings showed that this instrument has concurrent validity with The Million Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II. Finally, it can be concluded that this Inventory has desirable psychometric properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Psychometric properties academic hardiness for late elementary school children
Zahra Nasseri Fatemeh Shaterian mohammadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was contai MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was containing all of Saveh’s late elementary school students in 2017-2018 academic years. Sample of research was consisted of 399 students of late elementary schools who were selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 221 people, 55.4% of male and 178 male participants, 44.6%, are female. Assessment instruments consisted of School Related Hardiness Scale (SRHS). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on principles component analysis and Varimax rotation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis showed a three main factors measurement model(tree factor of control, commitment, and challenge) and nine subsidiary factors confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The total value of reliability with the value of 0.778 represents the internal validity of the hardiness questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Validation and validation of the Iranian version of the Internet Attitude Questionnaire in students
mahtab ebrahimi kondori mehrdad sabetThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Internet Attitude Towards Questionnaire in students. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University in the academic ye MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Internet Attitude Towards Questionnaire in students. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University in the academic year of 2009-2010, which is 6500 people. Of these, 300 people were selected as the sample using the available sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires, Dinef Internet Attitudes Standard and Kovafteros (2002). Internet Attitude Questionnaire 35 questions that are evaluated based on a 5-point Likert scale. Findings from heuristic factor analysis with principal component analysis with rotation matrix led to 4 factors that explain 61% of the total variance of the variables and the value of the 41-item test coefficient through Cronbach's alpha formula from 0.55 to Was estimated to be 0.89.The research method was descriptive-exploratory. The statistical population consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University in the academic year of 2009-2010, which numbered 6500 people. To determine the sample size, according to the definition (Fidel 2007) for each question, the sample size should be 5 to 10 times, and considering that the Internet Attitude Questionnaire is 35 items, so the number of sample size based on the number of questionnaire questions is at least 200 He was a student. Due to the possibility of falling, 300 people were selected using the available sampling method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior (BASC-3) in students with learning disabilities
Sheyda Sanaii Shohreh Shokrzadeh Kambiz KamkariIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measu MoreIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measuring children's behavior in students with learning disabilities characterized by Is it desirable to have a psychometric measurement? The present research is in the field of psychometric planning. The present Research population is comprised of all students with learning disabilities who have referred to Tehran's learning disability centers. Therefore, 120 samples were selected as sample through a targeted sampling method. The third version of the child's behavior assessment system, which has a valid and reliable validity in the original version, was selected. Finally, the results of the research showed that the third version of the child's behavior assessment system using two alpha-Cronbach methods and Spilit-halph with Spearman-Brown correction was used to examine the validity coefficients of the coefficients of 0.84 and 0.83 Which indicates that the internal consistency is desirable; also, the coefficient of stability in the present Research is 0.83 which indicates the repeatability of the Instrument. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the construct, confirmatory factor analysis was used and it was determined that the share of factor loading is the third version of the child behavior assessment system 67/03 and, given that it is more than 40%, it is stated that The third version of the children's behavior assessment system for emotional and behavioral screening is appropriate for students with learning disabilities and the questions of the Instrument can be used to screen the emotional and behavioral patterns of students with learning disabilities. Also, in accordance with the concurrent criterion, the correlation between the emotional and behavioral screening system with the Rutter behavioral disorder questionnaire was used and the correlation coefficient was 0.60 which indicates that the criterion validity is of the same type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Psychometric properties of Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) in women applicant’s dowry
Maryam Shahri Kambiz KamkariIn this research, "Psychometric properties of Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) in women applicant’s dowry" and main research question thus raised is whether Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic MoreIn this research, "Psychometric properties of Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) in women applicant’s dowry" and main research question thus raised is whether Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire in women applicant’s dowry the desirable properties psychometric or not? Research method in research methodology with an emphasis on the Psychometric. The research, all women applicant’s dowry in which a family Court referred to which 100 were selected using purposive sampling method. In the present study Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) is used that has shown good validity and reliability. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2RF) and correlation were used for both questionnaires. Inserts "Affective Lability", "intimacy problems" and "Rejection" is the above factors and other 0.80 and that the scales of the questionnaire can be considered as satisfactory and higher than desirable an important loss. Also, the criterion validity (concurrent) it was determined that the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2RF) female character with a concurrent validity of the applicant's dowry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Psychometric properties of Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran
Saeed Almasi Rita Liaqat Morteza HosseiniThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old you MoreThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran. For this purpose, all of the 20–30-year-olds in Tehran who were living in one of Tehran's districts in 1394 participated in this study and424 people selected by available sampling method. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, Yang's Internet addiction and bass and perception aggression were used. For data analysis, internal consistency, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used by SPSS and AMOS software. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole test is 0.94 indicating the intrinsic consistency and expression of the excellent value of Internet addiction. To determine the factors, exploratory factor analysis was performed and finally, three factors were named as difficulty in control, social problems and control impairment. To determine the best model for data of this research, a confirmatory factor analysis was used and according to the fit indices it was concluded that the 3-factor extractive model of this research is better fitted with the data. Finally, according to the findings of this study, Young's Internet addiction test has good psychometric properties, but has no relation to aggression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - A study of the psychometric features and norm of state metacognitive index
Dordaneh Asghari Nastaran sharifiAbstract This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the stu MoreAbstract This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the students metacognitive states. The study population includes all male and female high school students( first period) that have been studying in publish high schools of Bojnord in the 2015-16 academic year. Of the population, 126 males and 227 fameles were selected using stage cluster sampeling. Reaserch method is Correlation-based. The data collection tool also includes test for students metacognitive state. The resuts show that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability and norm. Keywords: Psychometric characteristics, state meta-cognition, emotional creativity, cognitive creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Psychometric properties of the 3×2 achievement goals: Factor structure, reliability and validity
ثنا پناهی پور مهدی عرب زاده پروین کدیورPsychometric properties of the 3×2 achievement goals: Factor structure, reliability and validityPsychometric properties of the 3×2 achievement goals: Factor structure, reliability and validity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Self-awareness Scale in Iranian Society
Mahboubeh Nasiri Simin BashardostThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of sexual self-awareness questionnaire in Iranian society by applying confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, samples of 315 (180 females) and (135 males) of &nb MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of sexual self-awareness questionnaire in Iranian society by applying confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, samples of 315 (180 females) and (135 males) of married students studying at the University of Science and Research were selected by cluster sampling method. In order to investigate the confirmatory factor structure, we used the method of estimating the least amount of weighted squares and for measuring the adequacy of model fit with the data, ، RMSEA، CFI، AGFI، GFI، 2c، /df2c و 2Dc were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.70 in terms of sexual self-awareness and was satisfactory. The factor structure of this scale was also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Correlation coefficients between the components of the self-awareness questionnaire were positive and significant at 0.01 level. The mean of correlation coefficients between components was equal to 0.317. This finding indicates the optimal internal correlation of sex-self-knowledge questionnaire .Based on the results of this study, the level of sexual self-knowledge for measuring this structure in Iranian samples is sufficiently reliable and reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Standardization of Personality Pathology Dimension Inventory (DAPP-BQ) in Tehran Judiciary Staff
حسین Sh فاطمه بیتاله الهکبر نرگس بهشتیIn this research, psychometric properties of personality pathology questionnaire were used In the staff of judicial complexes in Tehran, the main question of the research has been raised.Is the questionnaire of personality athology dimensions in the MoreIn this research, psychometric properties of personality pathology questionnaire were used In the staff of judicial complexes in Tehran, the main question of the research has been raised.Is the questionnaire of personality athology dimensions in the employees of judicial complexes in Tehran, has the desired psychometric properties?The methodology of this research is in the field of methodological research with emphasis on psychometrics.The statistical population of the research is the employees of the judicial complexes of Tehran, who are associated with the consultants.A total of 175 teppers. According to the Morgan sample, 120 people were selected by simple random sampling method.In this study, Personality Pathology Dimension Inventory (DAPP-BQ) has been used which has good validity and reliability.Finally, in order to determine the coefficient of validity of the questionnaire, with emphasis on the internal consistency of the questions, two methods of alpha Cronbach and two half-test were used using the Pearson correlation coefficient model;Also, in order to study the validity of the synchronous criterion from the reconstructed Multi-Personality Inventory Questionnaire (MMPI-2RF) and the correlation of these two questionnaires,Also, in order to investigate the construct validity or factor, a hierarchical factor analysis method has been usedAnd the results showed that the least credit coefficients obtained from the two methods of alpha Cronbach and the two test halves, the coefficient of validity (0.75), refer to the scale of "lack of emphasis", "intimacy problems" and "rejection" "Should beAnd other coefficients higher than 0.80 and it can be argued that the scale of the questionnaire is at a desirable and higher than desirable level.Also, in assessing the validity of the criterion (synchronous type), it was determined that personality traumaticity questionnaire with MMPI-2RF coincides with the staff of the judicial complexes in Tehran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Psychometric Properties of Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-MISO-S)
احمد به پژوه زهرا کماسیPsychometric Properties of Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-MISO-S)Psychometric Properties of Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-MISO-S) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Studying the Psychometric Measurement of Deviant Behavioral Scale in Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Tehran
Masoumeh Hafezamini Hadi FarhadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of deviant behavior in adolescents in Tehran. The methodology was based on investigations of test creation according to a descriptive purpose of survey. In order to sta MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of deviant behavior in adolescents in Tehran. The methodology was based on investigations of test creation according to a descriptive purpose of survey. In order to statistical population of the research, all male students between 12 to 18 years old who were studying first and second year in secondary schools in 15 to 18 Regions of Tehran in the academic year of 1396-1397 was considered. According to Morgan's table and cluster sampling, 300 people was selected as a research sample and responded to a 19 scaled questionnaire created by Sanchez & Associates' Divergent Behaviors (2016). Data analysis was accomplished by using SPSS-20 and Lisrel 8.8 software and also, the statistical methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to investigate and analysis reliability by Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), retaliation and validity were measured at the same time. The results of the research showed that Adolescent behavioral deviation scale has a good validity and stability. Hence, the questionnaire determine the diversions of adolescents appropriately. This scale can be implemented in humanities research especially in the social sciences and psychology by other researchers. Therefore, it can be serviceable as a tool for determining the strengths and weaknesses of adolescents in behavioral deviations to take determinations to reduce juvenile deviant behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Psychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story
raheleh زرگرباشی عبدالحسن فرهنگیPsychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love storyPsychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Psychometric properties of Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale
Ali Mohammad Rezaii Hoseyn Seirii Fahimeh RashidiAbstact The present study aims to evaluate the Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale at the students of Semnan University. For this purpose, 300 students (109 males and 191 females) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and answ MoreAbstact The present study aims to evaluate the Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale at the students of Semnan University. For this purpose, 300 students (109 males and 191 females) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered and Educational Self-Efficacy Scale.To determine the construct validity of Educational Self-Efficacy Scale, factor analysis and convergent validity methods were used. A factor with a special value greater than one was achieved based on scree test which shows the special values graph which this factor together explained 85/44% of the total variance of the test. The concurrent implementation of Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Scale with students Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CASES) was used to calculate the convergent validity of Educational Self-Efficacy Scale. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between these two measures is 42/0 which is significant at the level 5 / 0≥P. The reliability ofEducational Self-Efficacy Scale was calculated the internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that the reliability of Educational Self-Efficacy is scale is 845/0 that is acceptable and satisfying. It is concluded according to appropriate validity and reliability as well as having globally reputable research background thatPintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Scale is a perfect tool to measure self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - The conceptual model of educational leadership studies from the perspective of Imam Khomeini (RA)
zahra abbaszadehReforming educational organizations through improving the leadership quality of educational managers is the most practical option to make a significant difference in educational organizations. In this regard, the educational leadership of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA) can b MoreReforming educational organizations through improving the leadership quality of educational managers is the most practical option to make a significant difference in educational organizations. In this regard, the educational leadership of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA) can be a guide for the leadership of educational organizations. Studies show that educational administrators need significant development in all areas of educational leadership. The present research aims to identify the components of an educational leader in the collection of speeches of Imam Khomeini (RA). The statistical population of this research is the collection of his speeches (Sahifeh Imam) which, due to the limitations of the research and specific research criteria, only the speeches that had a management aspect; The samples are examined. The research method used in this research is content analysis and thematic analysis unit. During this research, three components of the educational leader's behavior (leader's behavior in continuous empowerment of employees, leader's behavior in continuous improvement of processes, leader's behavior in human relations) and three components of the educational leader's attitude (sincerity, the spirit of administrative responsibility, the spirit of service) were investigated and Extracted. The researcher made a questionnaire as a research tool. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 experts using Cronbach's alpha test for the behavior component equal to 81% and for the attitude component 85%. The research findings identified and confirmed 29 sub-components for the conceptual model of the educational leader by using spss software and interviewing 30 experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Examining the educational leader's attitude component from Imam Khomeini's point of view
zahra abbaszadehSince Imam khomaini is a capable manager, it is expected all organizations,especially educational organizations present,the type of their attitude in her thoughts and management. The main goal of the research ,is check and identify dimension of educational leader s atti MoreSince Imam khomaini is a capable manager, it is expected all organizations,especially educational organizations present,the type of their attitude in her thoughts and management. The main goal of the research ,is check and identify dimension of educational leader s attitude in the collection of hmam khomaini s speeches. The method of this research is content analysis and theme analysis. The statistical population of this research the collection of Imam khomaini s speeches and the statistical sample of those lectures is with management aspect. The collection tool is a resercher-made questionnaire. Friedman s test was used to work the status of research variables. Cronbach s alpha was confirmed to measure the reliability of the questionnaire wich was using spss soft ware equal to 85% .The results showed that the most insignificant confficient is related to the duty -oriented component. According to the results of the research, it can be said the dimension of attitude has three components of sincerity, duty –oriented , service spirit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Providing a process model of surrogacy based on data theory theory (Case Study: Imam Khomeini Relief Committee)
F. Mahmudi Nader Bohlouli jafar beikzad Gholamreza RahimiThe purpose of this study was to present a process model of surrogacy by using the data theory theory of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of a survey-exploration approach. The statistical population of this study MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a process model of surrogacy by using the data theory theory of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of a survey-exploration approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of a group of human resources management experts including university professors, human resources consultants, and senior managers of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee who were interviewed in depth. This selection and interview continued until the theoretical saturation and then stopped. In this study, snowball sampling method was used . In such a way that the first expert was selected on the basis of initial reviews and the opinion of the respected supervisor, and after completing the interview with the first person, he or she was asked to identify another person or persons who could replace the staff managers in the field. The Imam Khomeini Relief Committee is a consultant and will help enrich the research model. This process continued until the theoretical saturation of the researcher. Finally, this method was interviewed by 9 experts. In this study, since the data theory approach was used, the main tool for data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with HR experts. Finally, after open, axial, and triple coding, the conceptual model of research was designed based on the paradigm model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - National and Patriotic functions in Ra’di Azarakhshi’s poetry using epic approach
Faramarz Ahmadi Mehdi Mahoozi Mahmoud TavoosiIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s vie MoreIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s viewpoints regarding Persian language, culture, civilization, and social values of Iran and to study and analyze national and patriotic themes in his compositions. Furthermore, the application of contemporary epic literature in his compositions is studied. Using descriptive analytic and library approach the attempt is made in this article to study themes such as patriotism, antagonism towards enemy, also to study national and historical characters. The results obtained show that Ra’di paid special attention towards contemporary epic functions such as anti-colonialism, national identity and language, preservation of independence and territorial integrity. His attitude towards the concept of homeland and patriotism is to a large extent different from that of other poets. The vastness of his thoughts in celebrating national and historical figures spans past till present characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Psychometric properties of adult Personality Inventory according DSM-5
Sohrab AmiriWith regard to various concerns regarding the category of personality disorder since the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, an alternative personality disorder model is provided in the third part of DSM-5. The purpose of this stu MoreWith regard to various concerns regarding the category of personality disorder since the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, an alternative personality disorder model is provided in the third part of DSM-5. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of DSM-5 adult Personality Inventory on the normal population. For this purpose, 278 students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling, and tested with adult DSM-5 personality inventory, Dark Triad Scale and Big Five Personality Questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire with other scales showed eligible discriminant and convergence validity. As well as its factor structure was assessed by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the DSM-5 adult Personality Inventory has five factors, check the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha, retest and splitting coefficient reflects the reliability of the Inventory. The inventory, has required psychometric properties in Iranian population sample, and Inventory can be used in studies in the Iranian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students
Mehdi Khanjani Shahiyar Shahidi Jalil Fathabadi Mohamad Ali Mazaheri Omid ShokriPsychological well-being is trying to flourish the capabilities of human beings. So far, many tools have been provided for assessment and evaluation of psychological wellbeing. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the MorePsychological well-being is trying to flourish the capabilities of human beings. So far, many tools have been provided for assessment and evaluation of psychological wellbeing. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short form (18 items) of Psychological well-being scale. To this end, in a descriptive study, correlational type, 976 patients (647 females and 329 males) were selected from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences and were tested on short versions of Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being , optimistic psychotherapy Inventory, depression scale, anxiety and stress. The result of Single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the total sample and in both sexes, the six-factor model of the scale (Self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relationships with others, having a purpose in life, Personal growth and independence) has a good fit. The scale's internal homology using Cronbach's alpha in 6 factors of Self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relationships with others, having a purpose in life, Personal growth and independence, were respectively, 0.52, 0.76, 0.75, 0.52, 0.73, 0.72 and for the total scale it was 0.71. Overall, the results suggest that the short form (18-item) of Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being was a useful tool to measure psychological well-being among Iranian sample of girls and boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Psychometric properties and factor structure of children and adolescents' hopelessness scale
Vahid Nejati Nasrin Esmaielian Omid AmaniHopelessness, or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state, in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliabil MoreHopelessness, or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state, in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the children and adolescents' hopelessness scale in Iran’s society. To this end, 244 students from 8 to 15 years of age in Tehran city were tested by children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale and children's hope scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicted that children’s hopelessness scale has a three factor scale. There was a negative correlation and significant difference between the lack of understanding the way to achieve the objectives, lack of feeling subjectivity, the total score of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale with the received hope scale. This reflected the divergent validity of the children’s hope scale. Findings indicated internal consistency and eligible reliability of this scale in Iranian students. Many studies support the results of the current research and confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In this research, a promising evidence about the psychometric properties of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale was received in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Evaluating the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire
Mohsen Dehghani Nasrin Esmaeilian Fatemeh Akbari Marjan Hassanvand Ehsan NikmaneshIn the past decades, mindfulness has attracted the attention of many researchers, and different instruments for measuring these structures have been created which has not yet been assessed in terms of the psychometric properties and cross-cultural perspective. The purpo MoreIn the past decades, mindfulness has attracted the attention of many researchers, and different instruments for measuring these structures have been created which has not yet been assessed in terms of the psychometric properties and cross-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire in the Iranian society. For this purpose, 335 students were selected from available sampling and were analyzed with the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire, multidimensional avoidance of experience and the quality of life questionnaire of the World Health Organization. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire in the Iranian population has six dimensions and shows satisfactory internal consistency (81/0 to 93/0). The total score of mindfulness has significant correlation with the total score of avoidance from experience and some of its factors (behavioral avoidance, delaying activity, and an aversion of mental distress). The results are convergent with the validity and reliability of the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire. Accordingly, the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire can be used for the evaluation and assessment of mindfulness in an Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Investigating Factors Influencing Girls Driving Away from Home in Iran: A Systematic Review
Mohammad Alipour Soudabeh Shabgerd Timuri Golsa GhorbaniThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the influencing factors in girls driving away from home by systematic review. The statistical universe encompassed all the published findings in Persian magazines within Civilica, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran dat MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the influencing factors in girls driving away from home by systematic review. The statistical universe encompassed all the published findings in Persian magazines within Civilica, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran data bases between 2011 and 2023. All the articles were 369 ones. The sample included 11 manuscripts concerning drive away female with drive-away, girls, home, house and family key words that were reviewed. The research method was a systematic review. The results revealed that different factors such as family factors (problem parenting styles, tensions, patriarchy and financial needs), individual factors (behavioral disorders and disturbing experiences) and social factors (improper functioning of society, unfavorable performance of officials and media) were effective on driving away of girls. Girls driving away from home is a socio-cultural phenomenon that has problems and negative consequences. Girls driving away from home could occur for various reasons such as cultural, economic, educational poverty, etc. Finally, girls driving away from home is a social pathology for all societies, which has adverse effects on society, family and the girls themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Study of biodiversity indices of agricultural species and its relationship with socio-economic characteristics of family farms in Bandar Anzali city
Somayeh Shirazi Korous Khoshbakht Hadi VeisiFamily farms with conservation of local species richness, are suitable for conservation of agricultural biodiversity for sustainable use of natural resources to protect the environment. The study of biodiversity of family farm species was conducted with the aim of how m MoreFamily farms with conservation of local species richness, are suitable for conservation of agricultural biodiversity for sustainable use of natural resources to protect the environment. The study of biodiversity of family farm species was conducted with the aim of how much they are affected by individual, socio-economic factors of farmers and their families. In this study, information about farms from 84 family farms in 10 villages was collected in the form of a questionnaire through interviews and direct observation of farms. Based on the results of socio-economic factors and farm characteristics can act as influential factors on biodiversity indicators of farms. Factors such as age, more farm experience, female participation, number of household members, number of working hours on the farm, knowledge of species cultivation goals and area of home and farm have a direct and positive effect and factors such as head of household literacy and distance from sales center have a negative effect on diversity. Encouraging farmers to plant more species on farms, proper use of species in nature to prevent damage to the environment, training farmers to do crop rotation and intercropping to control pests and improve soil fertility in maintaining and expanding biodiversity is recommended. Manuscript profile
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