A Multi-Layer Model for Energy Management of Multi-Microgrids Integrated with Smart Homes and Electric Vehicles

Subject Areas : Energy management

Mehdi Haghparast ¹ , Amir Ahmarinejad ² , Ahmad Rezaee jordehi ³ , Shahram Javadi ⁴ , Mahmood Hosseini Aliabadi ⁵

1 - Department of Electrical Engineering- Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering- Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering- Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
4 - Department of Electrical Engineering- Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 - Department of Electrical Engineering- Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-05-12 Accepted : 2023-08-27 Published : 2025-09-23

Keywords: Electric vehicles, flexibility services, microgrid, renewable energies, multi-layer optimizat¬ion, smart homes,

Abstract :

In this paper, a three-layer optimization strategy for flexible energy management of the active distribution system under the high penetration of wind and solar renewable energy sources is introduced, in which microgrids are responsible for providing the flexibility services to the main distribution network. In the proposed strategy, microgrid operators provide flexibility services through distributed generation resources, electrical storage systems, smart homes, and electric vehicles. In the first layer of the proposed strategy, smart homes are planned considering the energy and flexibility markets and then announce their final plan to the microgrid operator. In the second layer, microgrids plan their service area according to the plans received from smart homes and then send their participation plan in the energy and flexibility markets to the main distribution network operator. Eventually, in the third layer, the main distribution network operator plans the energy and flexibility markets according to the plans received from the microgrids. The proposed three-stage strategy is modeled as a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved by CPLEX solver in GAMS. The proposed optimization strategy has been implemented on several case studies and the simulation results demonstrate that this strategy can effectively provide the flexibility capacities required for sustainable operation through cheap resources within microgrids, thereby significantly reducing the daily costs of microgrids and distribution network.

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