-
Open Access Article
1 - Using an approach based on financial forecasting and soft econometrics for the future research of systems behavior
NABI OMIDIToday, forecasting methods based on soft econometrics as well as financial forecasting methods are used in various systems, one of the aspects of using forecasting methods is to use it to predict the behavior of general systems and It is a quote. In this research, using MoreToday, forecasting methods based on soft econometrics as well as financial forecasting methods are used in various systems, one of the aspects of using forecasting methods is to use it to predict the behavior of general systems and It is a quote. In this research, using the statistics of traffic injuries referred to forensic medicine in Golestan province between April 1374 and March 1401, which were referred to forensic medicine in Golestan province, and using artificial neural network, which is one of the most advanced methods of forecasting and future research In the field of health systems, the number of injured people has been predicted for the 12 months ending in 1402. Also, the accuracy of this method has been measured using the average percentage of the absolute value of the error. The results of the research showed that the artificial neural network with 12 inputs, one output and 5 hidden layers is suitable for predicting the injured referred to Golestan forensic medicine,. The predicted values showed that the number of traffic injuries in Golestan province is increasing. Due to the high accuracy of the neural network in this research, this method can be used as a basis for future research in accidents. The upward trend in the number of traffic injuries in Golestan province indicates the need to review decisions in the field of transportation in this province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Futuristic Studies the process of commercializing technology and its method in the Techno-market, the platform for innovative technology exchange
Shahrzad Houshmandynia Nadereh NajafizadehScientific and technological advancements affect countries in all aspects of human life and terms of socio-economy, culture, politics and environment so increasingly that many plans would be outlined to strengthen the supply and demand for technology. Techno-market is a MoreScientific and technological advancements affect countries in all aspects of human life and terms of socio-economy, culture, politics and environment so increasingly that many plans would be outlined to strengthen the supply and demand for technology. Techno-market is a mechanism that expedites the development operations of theology specially advanced technologies. Despite the importance of technology to the domestic industries, and recent financings for research and development of new technologies, informal evidence indicates an infelicitous technical cooperation among industries. Nevertheless, innumerous technologies have been developed in various departments as the enterprises need different technologies. Evidence indicates that the previous experiences of applying techno-market has not been much successful and economic exploitation of technology has not been materialized, either. So present research end eavors to specify effective factors on success or failure of techno-market and present solutions and patterns to develop techno-market functions such as increasing the profitability of enterprise technology exchanges, and helping departments, organizations, and domestic industries appoint these solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Financial Market Forecasting Methods under Structural Break
Frozandeh Jafarzadehpour Amir Nazemy Alireza AsadieFinancial market forecasting particularly stock market forecasting is a considerable debate that confront to forecast failure and model break down when structural breaks in trends occur. This paper discusses the modeling to predict stock return under structural br MoreFinancial market forecasting particularly stock market forecasting is a considerable debate that confront to forecast failure and model break down when structural breaks in trends occur. This paper discusses the modeling to predict stock return under structural breaks and investigate new approaches of forecasting in this condition. This study proposes a taxonomy for research area in forecasting under structural breaks to suggest further studies. We use literature survey as methodology of the research and categorizes the methods, models, and results of the recent researches in stock market forecasting. Consequently, it provides three categories of strategies to forecast stock return under structural breaks. First strategy, called economically motivated model restrictions, uses financial theories as signs to adjust the parameters of models in out-sample periods. Second strategy, known as regime shift, uses a Markov chain transition matrix to model structural breaks in time series. Third strategy applies mix of quantitative models and qualitative surveys to predict future of financial markets. The proposed strategies are applicable in Tehran stock exchange under uncertainty conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Developing a Facility Layout optimization method using Mathematical Modeling (Case Study: Pooya Khodro Shargh)
A. Toloei ashlaghi M. Mojrian,This paper designs a mathematical model for facility location using integer programming methods tosolve optimization problems. . This study first evaluates the Pooya Khodro Shargh company,examining the length and width of the department and the frequency of material flo MoreThis paper designs a mathematical model for facility location using integer programming methods tosolve optimization problems. . This study first evaluates the Pooya Khodro Shargh company,examining the length and width of the department and the frequency of material flow betweendepartments. Optimization is an approach which finds the best possible answer to a question forexisting constraints. This paper expands the Nordin model to minimize the total flow and distancefrom a department to other departments, according to the objective function. The distance is measuredfrom the center of departments in a straight line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Research in Reading (Qara’a): One of the Important Educational Methods in Muslim’s Educational System
ولی اله برزگرکلیشمیStudying and analyzing the educational methods is one of the main andsignificant subjects in the history of education in Islam. In factunderstanding the fluctuation of education in Islamic territories anddisclosing the secret of its productivity and stagnation are to a MoreStudying and analyzing the educational methods is one of the main andsignificant subjects in the history of education in Islam. In factunderstanding the fluctuation of education in Islamic territories anddisclosing the secret of its productivity and stagnation are to a large extentindebted to analyzing these methods. Reading (Qara’a) was one of the main educational methods in educational institutions in Islamic territories.Although it initially encountered the opposition of some narrators, as one ofthe receiving ways in tradition (Hadith), along with the enhancement of theeducational facilities and implements specially books, and the growth innumber and diversity of teaching halqas, and inefficiency of some oldmethods such as dictation (Imla’), it gradually became the dominanteducational method in tradition and other fields of knowledge. In this paperin addition to studying the early formation of Reading, the opinions of prosand cons of this method and their argumentations are discussed.Subsequently, in addition to explaining general forms of Reading, someother kinds of Reading such as Reading for Sama’, Reading for Correction,Reading for Comprehension have been specifically discussed. EventuallyReading sessions for Quran and its difference with that of other fields ofknowledge and the methods of some eminent professors in Reading havebeen studied and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Rhazes’ Research Methods in Medicine
Fahimeh Mokhber DezfouliThe Renaissance was the start of a new age of science, creativity and critical thinking in the West, however, the research methods and perspectives have been prevailed since the early twentieth century. Nevertheless, the Muslim scholars in the glorious age of Islamic ci MoreThe Renaissance was the start of a new age of science, creativity and critical thinking in the West, however, the research methods and perspectives have been prevailed since the early twentieth century. Nevertheless, the Muslim scholars in the glorious age of Islamic civilization have had their own methods and insights. Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi(Rhazes) was a great Iranian physician who used the particular research methods and approaches in his works which can be compared with his European counterparts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries AD. Rhazes composed his valuable works by his mastermind and critical gift as well as putting emphasis on the clinical observations and experimental techniques to explore the medical science. He used the research methods such as expression of the study, aim of research, question and hypothesis, sources criticism, introduction, discussion and conclusion that are common today. This article examines the major works of Rhazes in medicine, presenting the examples of his research methods and perspectives that are much beyond his age and similar to today. Keywords: Rhazes, Research methods, Islamic medicine, al-Mansuri fi al-Tib. References Bacon, Francis, The advancement of Learning, Ed. by Joseph Devey New York, 1951. Online available: www.libertyfund.Org. Bynum, William, History of Medicine, Oxford, 2004. Descartes, Rene, Rules for the Direction of the Mind, London, 1957. Ibn Abī Uṣaybia, Aḥmad b. Ḳasim, Uyūn al_ anbā fī ṭabaḳāt al_ aṭibbā, Revised by Āmir Nadjdjar, Cairo, 2001 AD/ 1421 AH. Katouzian Safadi, Mehrnaz, 4 Les Médicaments Simples et Composés dans le Livre Les Doutes sur Galien ou Kitab al-Shukuk ‘ala Galînûs de Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya al-Razi( IX-X), Analyse des chapitres sur les médicaments simples et composés ou miyamir et qatajanis d’al-Razi, Acte du 36ème Congrès International d’Histoire de la Médecine, Tunisie, 1998. Ibid, “Les hiéras, Médicaments Composés Prescrits par Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakariyya Razi”, Actes du ‘The first national congres on Iranian studies, Tehran, Iran ( juin 2002). Ibid, “Madjlis, Mahalī barā-yi tabādul naẓar-i ilmī wa sar-āghāz-i talīf-i yik risālia az Muḥammad Zakariyyā-yi Rāzī”, History of Science, No. 3, Summer 2005/1384. Lafollette, Hugh, Niall Shanks, “Animal Experimentation: Legacy of Claud Bernard”, International Study in The Philosophy of Science, 1994. Meyerhof, Max, Thirty three Clinical Observations by Rhazes, 1936. Neligan, A.R., “Rhazes And Avicenna”, The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4484 (Dec. 14, 1946). Najmabadi, Mahmud, “Sīmā-yi ṭibbī-yi Abūbakr Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ-yi Rāzī”, Maārif Islāmī, No. 1, August/ Shahrīwar, 1966/ 1345. Nayer Nouri, Touraj, “Zakariyyā-yi Rāzī dānishmand-i āzmūn garā-yi Iranī”, Iranian Journal of Surgery, Volume 15, No. 2, 2007/ 1386. Rāzī, al_ Abdāl al_ mustamila fī l_ṭibb wa al_ iladj, Tehran, 2004/1383. Ibid, Bur al_ sāah, Rasāil-i ṭibbī-yi Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā-yi Rāzī, University of Medical Sciences, 2005/ 1384. Ibid,al-Djudrī wa l_ Ḥaṣba, trans.Mahmud Najmabadi, Tehran, University of Tehran Press, 1992/ 1371. Ibid, al_ fuṣūl fī al_ ṭibb, Revised by Yosef Beig Babapour, Tehran, 2013/ 1392. Ibid, al_ Ḥāwī fī l_ ṭibb, Revised by Haytham Khalīfa Tuaymī, Dar Ehya altoras alarabiPress, Beirut, 2002 AD/ 1422 AH. Ibid,al_ Ḳūlandj, Revised by Ṣubḥī Maḥmūd Ḥammamī, Aleppo, 1983 AD, 1403 AH. Ibid, Man lā Yaḥḍuruhu l_ Ṭabīb, Revised by Muḥammad Amīn al_ Ḍanāwī, Dārrikābī lil_nashr, Cairo, 1998 AD/ 1419 AH. Ibid, al_ Manṣūrī fī al_ Ṭibb, trans. Muhammad Ibrahim Zaker, Revised by Ḥāzim Bakrī Ṣadīḳī, University of Medical Sciences, 2008/ 1387. ibid, Risāla fī al_ faṣd, Rasāil-i ṭibbī-yi Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā-yi Rāzī, University of Medical Sciences, 2005/ 1384. Ibid, Risāla fī taḳdīm al_ fawākia wa takhīr-i-hā alā al_ ṭaām, Rasāil-i ṭibbī-yi Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā-yi Rāzī, University of Medical Sciences, 2005/ 1384. Ibid, Rasāil-i ṭibbī-yi Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā-yi Rāzī, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2005/ 1384. Ibid, al_ shukūk, Revised byMuṣṭafā Labīb Abd al_ Ghanī, Dār al_ Kutub, Cairo, 2005 AD/ 1426 AH. Ibid, al_ shukūk alā afḍal l_ aṭibbādjālīnūs, Manuscript, Tehran, Malek National Library and Museum of Iran, No. 4573. Sarton, George, tarīkh-i ilm(Essays on The Story of Sciences), trans. Ahmad Aram, Tehran, 1957/ 1336. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The comparison of homotopy perturbation method with finite difference method for determination of maximum beam deflection
Masoud Saravi Martin Hermann Hadi Ebrahimi Khah -
Open Access Article
8 - A Multi-layer Architecture Based on MCDM Methods to Select the Best E-Readiness Assessment Model According to SWOT Analysis
Mina Sadat Mousavi Kasravi Mohammad Ahmadinia Abbas Rezaiee -
Open Access Article
9 - Formal Method in Service Composition in Heath Care Systems
Zahra Baatmaanghelich Ali Rezaee Sahar Adabi -
Open Access Article
10 - Design and formulation of strategic human resource planning model using fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methods (Case study; Iran Production Development Bank)
seyyed mohmad tabatabayfar masoud haghighi mohmadali jafariBackground: Strategic human resource planning is a process to establish human resource goals and develop human resource strategies to achieve goals and policies through mobilization, development and maintenance of human resources and includes internal and external influ MoreBackground: Strategic human resource planning is a process to establish human resource goals and develop human resource strategies to achieve goals and policies through mobilization, development and maintenance of human resources and includes internal and external influencing factors. Objective: In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and developing a strategic human resource planning model in the Export Development Bank of Iran using multi-fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method. Method: The method was applied in terms of purpose and was of heuristic and mixed approach including SWOT matrix and multi-fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methods. The statistical population of this study was 1620 managers and experts who were selected as a sample size using the stratified method with proportional division and Cochran's formula. Two researcher-made questionnaires with validity and reliability higher than 0.7 based on a 5-point Likert scale were used to collect data. Data analysis in the inferential section was used to determine the final weight of indicators and strategies by Soara method and to prioritize strategies by fuzzy Cooper method. Findings: The analysis of the findings indicates that the strategic human resource planning model suitable for the bank includes three main processes: 1- Determining strategies 2- Implementing strategies and 3- Evaluating and feedbacking strategies. Other findings also showed that among the 19 strategies identified, the strategy of the need to re-engineer the processes of recruitment and supply of human resources in proportion to future needs with a final value of 0.0662 is a priority among other strategies and change the current passive position to strategy. Offensive is necessary as a strategic action. Conclusion: The results showed that the strategy of the need to re-engineer the processes of recruitment and supply of human resources in proportion to future needs has been identified as the best strategy for developing strategic human resource planning in the Export Development Bank of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - the policy of entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province
Ruhollāh Mahdiluy Soleyman Iranzadeh Farzin Modarres khiyabani Naser FeghhiObjective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province in order to develop the entrepreneurial policy.Methods: The research method was from the point of view of practic MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province in order to develop the entrepreneurial policy.Methods: The research method was from the point of view of practical-developmental goal and from the point of view of the method of mixed method,. The main data collection tool in this section was interview. In this section, a group of experts is used for interviews. Sampling in this section is done theoretically and sampling is continued until the theoretical saturation is reached. In the quantitative part, based on confirmatory factor analysis, the validation of the main themes has been done through sub-themes based on experimental data. In the second step, the quantitative part, based on the main themes, the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method has been used to design a pattern for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry. The data collection tool in this section was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this section includes all managers of industries related to the tourism industry. The statistical sample size was determined using the Krejcie-Morgan table of 234 people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Efficiency of Evolutionary Optimization Methods in Achieving Architectural and Construction Objectives
Maryam Sadeghian Akram HosseiniThe increasing popularity of the optimization approach in different sciences has led architects to use them tomachieve various objectives in designing and cons tructing buildings. However, the functions, advantages, and limitations for each of these optimization s MoreThe increasing popularity of the optimization approach in different sciences has led architects to use them tomachieve various objectives in designing and cons tructing buildings. However, the functions, advantages, and limitations for each of these optimization s trategies are scarcely known, due to their newness in architecture and cons truction fields Optimization algorithms are classified into three categories: determinis tic, heuris tic, and meta-heuris tic algorithms. Meta-heuris tic algorithms, are more efficient and categorized into three main groups: evolutionary computing, swarm intelligence, and physics-related algorithms. Mos t of the s tudies conducted on optimization algorithms, in this field, are on the application of one of the optimization algorithms in the design of a particular project. Limited research has been done in coordination with the subject of this s tudy, inves tigating the application of these algorithms in a specific field. After reviewing the his tory and literature of the subject, to discuss how optimization methods are used in architecture, 77 related articles and theses that used optimization methods have been reviewed through scholar works published since 1996 (the firs t publications in this field) up to now. Selected research was analyzed using the textual content analysis method to determine "the efficiency ofevolutionary optimization methods in achieving architectural and cons truction objectives" as the main research question; there were also several sub-ques tions on the way to answer the main ques tion: Which architectural objectives are mos t achievable by using optimization algorithms? Which types of optimization algorithms are appropriate for architectural objectives? Which building functions have the mos t potential for using optimization methods? Which researchers conduct and support the research of evolutionary algorithms in building issues? Optimization algorithms have been undertaken to solve design problems for six different objectives: mass design and urban access, cons truction and cos t management, building’s s tructural design, energy issues, building form generation and space planning. Various design variables have been defined to search for optimal response to each of the objectives. Among these objectives, the highes t application of optimization algorithms is related to spatial planning optimization in residential buildings and energy optimization in official ones. The analysis of the publications demons trates that various methods of meta-heuris tic optimization have been used over time to solve architectural problems. Genetic Algorithm is the mos t widely used one in architectural optimization, and particle swarm optimization is the mos t common method in swarm intelligence based research. The review of s tudies indicates the predominantly theoretical attention of architectural scholars to this issue. Given the dis tance between the research and the implementation phase, architects should work more closely with researchers in other fields, especially those in computer science, to approach the implementation s tage. However, the development of each of these areas requires the improvement of previous methods and research into how other algorithms, such as swarm intelligence based ones, can be used to solve design problems in architecture. The development of user-friendly software with a graphical user interface for a better grasp of the design process and results can affect architects' usage of evolutionary algorithms as a design method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis and Evaluation of the Cultural Methods` Performance of the Basic Architectural Principles in Iran Society
Mojgan Salehahangar Said Tizghaalam Zonuzi , Mehrdad Javidi NejadToday, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, accord MoreToday, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, according to the tastes and welcome of employers and designers, based on foreign examples, in the corners of our cities and views. However, in the field of residential architecture, we see the construction of buildings that are under the rule of the economic view of the city and architecture and to become more profitable, cultural, social, and natural features of its construction completely ignored and regardless of various cultural characteristics The different ethnic groups of Iran, in all the vast and diverse areas of the land of Iran, are made the same and uniform. Undoubtedly, the effect of cultural patterns on human artifacts in lands that are the origin of ancient civilizations and cultures, which have a longer life history, due to during the time and the impact of various historical, social, economic, and natural factors. The plateau of Iran with more than a few thousand years of history in civilization and life in its cultural and natural areas is one of these lands. Because of its inherent nature, the field of architecture has a two-way interaction between architects and people. Explaining cultural methods and examining their weaknesses and strengths is the first step in teaching the basic principles of architecture to the general public, an important hub of control and supervision of proper construction. The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate the current performance of cultural methods of basic principles of architecture in Iranian society. This article is applied in a methodological approach, the mixture of quantitative-qualitative. First, they are explained by library studies of architectural principles and methods of cultural indexation, and then the current performance of these methods is expressed with quantitative evidence, in the language of statistics. The statistical population of this study has been chosen from Tehran according to cultural diversity. The results of the research indicate that people are very interested in learning about the importance of architecture, although the current performance of cultural institutions in this field is weak. Public participation is a highly effective method. Visual media and cyberspace are low-cost and high-speed. Paying attention to the public issue and trying to solve it is not possible without public participation. Intellectuals and people of culture must work to raise the level of awareness of the people and the country to develop and excel, and if the level of awareness and culture of the people increases, the people will recognize the issues from each other and will be aware of their rights. It is hoped that the general public will become more aware of the basic principles of architecture and that the public, as one of the most influential nuclei, will require builders and architects to adhere more closely to the principles of architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Comparative Study of Façade Samples in Residential Buildings of Tehran by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Mohammad-Hosein Shirazian Seyed-Bagher Hosseini Saeid Norouzian-MalekiNowadays, there is a rapid growth in residential construction in Tehran. Part of the growth is related to providing housing for citizen and reconstruction of old urban fabrics. Yet many difficulties and barriers may arise in the future due to the relative paucity of tec MoreNowadays, there is a rapid growth in residential construction in Tehran. Part of the growth is related to providing housing for citizen and reconstruction of old urban fabrics. Yet many difficulties and barriers may arise in the future due to the relative paucity of technical standards. The façade skin is considered as one of the most effective ways in aesthetic elements of the urban landscape. The facade plays a vital role in the distinction between interior and exterior spaces. Additionally, it is one of the most vulnerable elements of structures, when they are subjected to earthquakes. Tehran is placed in the one of the world’s most active seismic belts and has sustained repeated considerabledamages due to high magnitude earthquake activitieshappening in some 150 year cycle. Already 182 years have passed since the last one in 1830. It is feared that a major earthquake in Tehran, a megalopolis of over 8 million inhabitants, situated on among active faults, could well lead to substantial loss of life at some 380,000 in the worst case scenario and considerable financial damages particularly due to rapid urbanization started in the 1950s.The main objective of this research is to determine the most appropriate facade system for residential buildings in Tehran. Two types of double-skin facades (twin wall or incorporated shuttering wall and lightweight 3D sandwich panel) and single-skin facades (insulating concrete form and fiber cement board facade) have been selected based on the available studies of facade systems. Data was gathered through Delphi technique.The Delphi technique is an approach used to gain consensus among a panel of experts. This is normally achieved through a series of rounds where information is fed back to panel members using questionnaires.Fourcriteria were selected in the research. Thesecriteria are as follows: earthquake resistance, cost and speed of performance, heat insulation and architectural aesthetics. Weights of them were analyzed by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and the systems are compared. An AHP hierarchy is a structured means of modeling the decision at hand. It consists of an overall goal, a group of options or alternatives for reaching the goal, and a group of factors or criteria that relate the alternatives to the goal.Sincepairwisecomparisons are the keystone of these decision-making processes, correctly quantifying them is the most decisivestep inmulti-criteria decision-making methods which use qualitative data. Pairwise comparisons are quantified by using a scale. Such a scale is an one–to-one mapping between the set of discrete linguistic choices available to the decision maker and a discrete set of numbers which indicate the importance, or weightof the previous linguistic choices.In the final step of the process, numerical priorities are calculated for each of the decision alternatives. These numbers represent the alternatives’ relative ability to attain the decision goal, so they allow a straightforward consideration of the various courses of action.Accordingly, lightweight 3D sandwich panel is suggested as the most appropriate for residential buildings in the earthquakeprone areas of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Maharishi Vedic Architecture and Quality of Life: An International Mixed Methods Study of Lived Experience
Lee Fergusson Sanford Nidich Anna Bonshek Randi Nidich -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparison of Methods for Participation of Vulnerable Children in Neighborhood Rehabilitation (Case Studies: Tehran’s Southern Neighborhoods)
Behnaz Aminzadeh Mehrnaz Attaran -
Open Access Article
17 - Concerns Coupled with Pedestrianization and Implementation Methods
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Navid Saeidi Rezvani Seyed Mostafa Razavi -
Open Access Article
18 - Microbial methods effect on adsorption and reduction of Aflatoxin contamination in milk
Fatemeh Rahmani Azita Faraki -
Open Access Article
19 - Efficiency of Ethanol concentration and Heating methods assisted Extraction Process of Stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana
Roozbeh Assterki Neda Hoveizeh Tamimian Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani -
Open Access Article
20 - Food-grade nanoemulsions and their fabrication methods to increase shelf life
Mina Nasiri Anousheh Sharifan Hamed Ahari Amir Ali Anvar Shapour Kakoolaki -
Open Access Article
21 - A new multi-step ABS model to solve full row rank linear systems
Mahmoud Paripour Esmaeil Babolian Leila AsadbeigiABS methods are direct iterative methods for solving linear systems of equations, where the i-th iteration satisfies the first i equations. Thus, a system of m equations is solved in at most m ABS iterates. In 2004 and 2007, two-step ABS methods were introduced in at mo MoreABS methods are direct iterative methods for solving linear systems of equations, where the i-th iteration satisfies the first i equations. Thus, a system of m equations is solved in at most m ABS iterates. In 2004 and 2007, two-step ABS methods were introduced in at most [((m+1))/2] steps to solve full row rank linear systems of equations. These methods consuming less space, are more compress than corresponding Huang’s method. Also, these ABS-type models need less number of multiplications for a square system. In this paper, in order to economize and compress required space, we present a new three-step ABS procedure that is terminated in at most [((m+2))/3] steps. Computational complexity is considerable up to those corresponding Huang’s method and initial two-step ABS approaches. we present a new three-step ABS procedure that is terminated in at most [((m+2))/3] steps. Computational complexity is considerable up to those corresponding Huang’s method and initial two-step ABS approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Existence solutions for new p-Laplacian fractional boundary value problem with impulsive effects
N. Nyamoradi A. RazaniFractional differential equations have been of great interest recently. This is because of both the intensive development of the theory of fractional calculus itself and the applications of such constructions in various scientific fields such as physics, mechanics, chem MoreFractional differential equations have been of great interest recently. This is because of both the intensive development of the theory of fractional calculus itself and the applications of such constructions in various scientific fields such as physics, mechanics, chemistry, engineering, etc. Differential equations with impulsive effects arising from the real world describe the dynamics of processes in which sudden, discontinuous jumps occur. For the background, theory and applications of impulsive differential equations. There have been many approaches to study the existence of solutions of impulsive fractional differential equations, such as fixed point theory, topological degree theory, upper and lower solutions methods and monotone iterative method. In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for a new class of p-Laplacian fractional boundary value problem with impulsive effects. By using critical point theory and variational methods, we give some new criteria to guarantee that the impulsive problem have infinitely many solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A VARIATIONAL APPROACH TO THE EXISTENCE OF INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS FOR DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
M. Khaleghi Moghadam S. Tersian M. AvciThe existence of infinitely many solutions for an anisotropic discrete non-linear problem with variable exponent according to p(k)–Laplacian operator with Dirichlet boundary value condition, under appropriate behaviors of the non-linear term, is investigated. The MoreThe existence of infinitely many solutions for an anisotropic discrete non-linear problem with variable exponent according to p(k)–Laplacian operator with Dirichlet boundary value condition, under appropriate behaviors of the non-linear term, is investigated. The technical approach is based on a local minimum theorem for differentiable functionals due to Ricceri. We point out a theorem as a special case of our main results. We define two differentiable functionals and set up the variational framework and present an applied lemma which $lambda$ lying in a well-defined interval. Bearing in mind this fundamental lemma and the local minimum theorem due to Ricceri, we obtain our result which is the existence of a sequence of infinitely many solutions which converges to zero depending on the nonlinear term has suitable behavior at zero. We ensure exact interval of the parameter $lambda$, in which the anisotropic discrete non-linear problem admits infinitely solutions such that their norm converges to zero. Some remarks and corollaries and the proof of especial case theorem are provided. Some examples are inserted to illustrate the importance of the main results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A new symmetric two-step P-stable Obrechkoff method with 12 algebraic order for the numerical solution of second-order IVPs
ali shokri abbas-ali shokri Mohammad Mehdizadeh Khalsarei firoz pashaieA new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the se MoreA new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. -------------- A new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Optical solitons and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation
Kamyar Hosseini Mashallah Matinfar Mohammad MirzazadehThe (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (2D-KMN) equation that addresses the propogation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication systems is investigated in the present paper. The intended purpose is accomplished by applying a traveling wave hypothesis fo MoreThe (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (2D-KMN) equation that addresses the propogation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication systems is investigated in the present paper. The intended purpose is accomplished by applying a traveling wave hypothesis for reducing the 2D-KMN equation in a 1-dimensional domain and solving the resulting ODE using the exp_a and Jacobi elliptic function methods. As an accomplishment, optical solitons and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation are extracted, confirming the outstanding performance of the methods.The (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (2D-KMN) equation that addresses the propogation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication systems is investigated in the present paper. The intended purpose is accomplished by applying a traveling wave hypothesis for reducing the 2D-KMN equation in a 1-dimensional domain and solving the resulting ODE using the exp_a and Jacobi elliptic function methods. As an accomplishment, optical solitons and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation are extracted, confirming the outstanding performance of the methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Survey on the Fisibility of Substitution Catastrophe Securitization and Current Reinsurance in Iranian Insurance Industry
Kambiz Peykarjou hanieh davodiAfter 2004, Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) has been more popular in the Litriture of Financial Economics & Financial Management. For using ART, many Researches Pursue Resolution, which Minimize Claims of this Catastrophe, through Risk Distribution Cycle, or if any MoreAfter 2004, Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) has been more popular in the Litriture of Financial Economics & Financial Management. For using ART, many Researches Pursue Resolution, which Minimize Claims of this Catastrophe, through Risk Distribution Cycle, or if any Profitability, find Subsititutions of ART; such as Insurance. However, we study about this, by Estimating Nnon-linear relation between Claims of Catastrophe and Insured Risk Capitals(IRC), Accounting Loss Distribution Function(LDF), given Historical Data(HD) & using Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS) and then, Stimating Value at Risk(VaR) of Conditional Loss Distribution Function of Catastroph(CLDFC), which has almost Optimal Profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Estimation and Determinant Factors of Willingness to Pay for Improving Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study for Mazandaran Province
سعید راسخی سیده راهبه حسینی طالعیIn this paper, data from a survey of 1300 households from four cities of Mazandaran province were used to study people's willingness to pay for improvements in drinking water quality. This aggregate willingness to pay can serve as an estimate of benefits to consumers fr MoreIn this paper, data from a survey of 1300 households from four cities of Mazandaran province were used to study people's willingness to pay for improvements in drinking water quality. This aggregate willingness to pay can serve as an estimate of benefits to consumers from improvements in drinking water quality in the region. In this study, we asked the residents to express their preferences for quality of drinking water. The contingent valuation method was used to estimate willingness to pay using both open-ended and close-ended formats. We have also estimated the most important determinate factors of people's willingness to pay for improvements in quality of drinking water. Results of our research showed that: 1) The willingness to pay is between 33,120 and 37,710 Rials a month per family and between 1,370 and 1,550 Rials per cubic meter of drinking water. 2) The most important determinant factors of people's willingness to pay are: The size of the family, income, marital status, and the level of education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Typology Characteristics and Behavior Patterns of Elites and How to attract them to Organizations
Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri Mehdi Azimi -
Open Access Article
29 - Intergenerational Gap: An Emerging Phenomenon in Iran
Zohreh Najafiasl -
Open Access Article
30 - Determining the Effective Organizational Characteristics on the Inventory Valuation Methods: Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach in an Emerging Economy
Arash Arianpoor Zaid Salman -
Open Access Article
31 - Interactive Communication Channels and Their Appropriateness for the FMCG Business
Aasim Munir Dad -
Open Access Article
32 - Prioritizing Brand Equity Methods from Customers’ Perspective for Finance Industry
سمیه یوسفی دارستانی امیرعباس نجفی مصطفی ستاکBrand equity assessment serves as an important measurement of strategic value for internal use as well as for a number of external stakeholders. While there are a number of methods and models available for brand equity assessment, it is still uncertain which approach is MoreBrand equity assessment serves as an important measurement of strategic value for internal use as well as for a number of external stakeholders. While there are a number of methods and models available for brand equity assessment, it is still uncertain which approach is best. Yet, almost no research exists that has empirically prioritized the existing brand equity methods from the perspective of different stakeholders. In this paper a model is developed for prioritizing brand equity methodologies from the viewpoint of customers as a stakeholder of brand equity. The criteria of this process are the expectations of customers including quality, reputation, and benefit according to Jones brand equity stakeholder model. The priority of these criteria sets via a structured questionnaire filled by customers. Then the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) incorporates to prioritize brand equity methodologies versus these criteria. The empirical findings of this study indicate that the more a method evaluates the benefit, the more it is relevant for measuring brand equity. Among brand equity methods evaluated in this study, Keller’s customer-based brand equity model gained the highest weight regarding taking benefit into consideration and was selected as the best method to evaluate brands from the customers’ perspective in finance industry. This study set out to prioritize the brand valuation pool to help practitioners and academics in assessing the alternative techniques and selecting the most relevant one for customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - An Investigation for Software Costing Methods: The Case of Hamkaran-System
Iraj Noravesh Bita Mashayekhi Mohammad Nouri JavidIn this paper we introduce software costing and some methods for that. Then, wetry to criticize these methods and explore the advantages and disadvantages of them.For more understanding, in this paper one of the most popular methods- COCOMOwillbe discussed. For this rea MoreIn this paper we introduce software costing and some methods for that. Then, wetry to criticize these methods and explore the advantages and disadvantages of them.For more understanding, in this paper one of the most popular methods- COCOMOwillbe discussed. For this reason we apply the case of Hamkaran-System- one ofIranian leaders in this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigating the Role of Educational Factors to Protect Urban Landscapes in Tehran Metropolitan
S. M. Mirdamadi Sh. Shokri S. Esmaeili -
Open Access Article
35 - pathology of promotion of religion in cyberspace
ensieh asadi Hojatollah Ayyoubi Mohammad SoltanifarIntroduction: Intoday’s world that cultural crisises seek to empty man of spirituality, propagating religion becomes necessary. With given the advancement of technology, there are new tools and methods for propagating religion. Therefore, the exact recognition of MoreIntroduction: Intoday’s world that cultural crisises seek to empty man of spirituality, propagating religion becomes necessary. With given the advancement of technology, there are new tools and methods for propagating religion. Therefore, the exact recognition of cyberspace and trying to influence the methods of religion in this space to promoting the religious culture of society is essential. Purpose: Given that Cybercafe has been able to attract a lot of audience and this space can be provides a good place for cultural influence on these audiences but despite the efforts of some cultural sectors in this space, we still see cultural problems in society in this regard, the pathology of propaganda methods of religion in cyberspace leads to recognition of the roots, causes and causes of injuries and weaknesses which causes to ineffective religious propaganda. Methodology: To codify the theoritical framework, the research uses the practice theory of bourdieu, theories of communication and some viewpoints on the effects of internet. Regarding the discussion of aspects and signs of religiousness, it also utilizes the model of Shojaeezand’s religiousness. According to the research topic, the most appropriate method for doing it is the scrolling method. Statistical society of the research include the girls of 13-Aban highschool located in region 8 of Tehran and the sample‘s volume of the research according to Cochran's formula is 175. Results: The results of research shows that there is not a meaningful relationship between the amount of usage of ways of promotion of religion in cyberspace and the needs of user, the credibility of media, being a believer, act of moral deeds, having of religious appearance and the amount of internet capital. Furthermore, these results expresses that there is a meaningful relationship between the amount of usage of ways of religion’s promotion in cyberspace and the amount of usage of internet by user, the amount of feeling of being unknown, the amount of religious participation, doing of ritual practices, observance of religious laws, glorification of religious regulations. Innovation and Implications: According to meaningful relationship between some variables, aspects and signs, some planning’s on these items must be made to increase the amount of usage of ways of religion’s promotion in cyberspace which would intensify the role of religion among people and this respectively would cause to decrease the problems of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Studying the Relation between Leading Methods & Functions of Tehran's Cultural & Artistic Municipality Organization in Two Eras of Management
دکتر ابراهیم عباسی سعید تیموریThis research aims to study the relation between leading methods & functions ofTehran's Cultural & Artistic Municipality Organization in two eras of management;one, Mr. Karbaschy's era and the other, Mr. Ghalibaf's era of management. 45 expertsand executives of MoreThis research aims to study the relation between leading methods & functions ofTehran's Cultural & Artistic Municipality Organization in two eras of management;one, Mr. Karbaschy's era and the other, Mr. Ghalibaf's era of management. 45 expertsand executives of Tehran's Cultural & Artistic Municipality Organization completedthe questionnaire. Using the Lone Test & T-Test, the following results were found:firstly, the leading method of each mayor was not very different from each other;secondly, the experts and executives believed that there was a meaningful differencebetween the two mayor's deeds in Tehran's Cultural & Artistic MunicipalityOrganization. Also, the correlation test has shown that the experts and executivesthought that there is a firm positive relation between the two methods of leading andfunctions in Tehran's Cultural & Artistic Municipality Organization during the time ofeach mayor's management Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - THE EFFECT OF ADVERTISING METHODS ON THE FLOURISH OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CULTURAL INHERITANCE, TOURISM AND CRAFTS, AND PRESENTING AN APPROPRIATE MODEL
Z. Broumand S. R. S. Amire A. HeydariIn this article in order to indicate the effect of advertising methods on theflourish of tourism industry in the organization of cultural inheritance,tourism and crafts the importance of tourism and its role in guaranteeingcountries’ national income are described MoreIn this article in order to indicate the effect of advertising methods on theflourish of tourism industry in the organization of cultural inheritance,tourism and crafts the importance of tourism and its role in guaranteeingcountries’ national income are described first, and then it is dealt with theposition of this industry in Iran, and providing an analytic model ofresearch, the usage of advertising tools such as attending international fairsand conferences, using mass media, benefiting from professionalmagazines and creating cultural offices for attracting tourists are suggested.At the end, the outcoming data is analyzed, and the results from thehypothesis tests are presented according to the questionnaires distributedamong experts of tourism and craft organization. Taking the data from theresearch into consideration, it has been clear that using the professionalmagazines of the international tourism has the most important role intourism development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Doping finite-length carbon and boron nitride nanotubes with aluminium atom: A thermodynamic semiempirical investigation
Nasrin Zeighami Asadollah Boshra Mohammad Reza Gholami Mehran Aghaie -
Open Access Article
39 - A Survey of Direct Methods for Solving Variational Problems
Maryam Gholami Mohammad Norouzi -
Open Access Article
40 - MP2 study on the variation of stacking interactions in aniline and some para substituted aniline systems
Shruti Sharma Bipul Bezbaruah -
Open Access Article
41 - Amin Khuli and Founding Literary School in the Quranic Exegesis
Morteza Karimi- NiaLiterary school in the Quranic exegesis is among contemporarymethods rooted in the old tradition of Quranic commentary. Somesuch literary commentators of the second and third centuries as IbnQutayba, Abu `Ubayda, Abu `Ubayd, al-Kasaee, and al-Farra’ haveattempted MoreLiterary school in the Quranic exegesis is among contemporarymethods rooted in the old tradition of Quranic commentary. Somesuch literary commentators of the second and third centuries as IbnQutayba, Abu `Ubayda, Abu `Ubayd, al-Kasaee, and al-Farra’ haveattempted mostly in expounding grammatical and sometimesrhetorical points of the Quran. In later centuries such an emphasisupon literal and rhetorical aspects has appeared more and more inthe works of al-Zamakhshari, al-Sharif al-Radi, al-Sharif al-Murtada, and al-Shaykh al-Tusi and sometimes has beenexaggerated in such Quranic exegeses as al-Bahr al-Muhit by AbuHayyan al-Gharnati. In the whole history of Quranic exegesis suchvarious tendencies has been called lexical commentary, syntacticcommentary, explanatory commentary, rhetorical commentary andsometimes literary commentary. In the present century theoutstanding Egyptian thinker and scholar Amin Khuli added anotherkind of commentary to that collection and called it literary school inthe Quranic exegesis. On the basis of that method in the Quraniccommentary, the primary gem of the Quran is its literary facet andthe commentator must attempt to attain literary, artistic corners ofthis book before anything else. Different aspects of Amin Khuli’sliterary theory in the Quranic exegesis alongside with a briefintroduction to his life and works are presented in this essay Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Muslim Philosophers' Philosophy of Science and its Aristotlean Legacy
موسی ملایریIt is well known, though, that the philosophy of science is a newbranch of knowledge, but this article has showed that the ancientscholars have also supplied in their scientific investigations somekind of science which can be called “Logic of science” or&ldq MoreIt is well known, though, that the philosophy of science is a newbranch of knowledge, but this article has showed that the ancientscholars have also supplied in their scientific investigations somekind of science which can be called “Logic of science” or“Philosophy of science” [or philosophical scientiology]. First, fourof the most important issues in the new philosophy of science i.e.criterions of scientific investigations, necessary conditions foraccuracy of scientific explanations, epistemic values, and status ofscientific theories and scientific methods for scientific discoveries,were selected. In each of them, first, we illustrate Aristotle'saccount, then, Muslim thinkers one. Tow point were attained: 1-Aristotle's idea contains all of these issues. 2- Muslim thinkers haveplayed significat role not only in, deepening and criticizing of theAristotelian philosophy of science, but also in its later development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The analyzing and assessment of share's role of factors on the Rock flow's occurrence, by using of bivariated methods Case study: Garangoo catchments (eastern slope of Sahand Mt.,NW of Iran)
M. B. KhatibiCatchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, fre MoreCatchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, frequently are occurred on rocky slope of semi-arid mountain.These events are the natural outcome of natural processes which the occurrences ofevents are intensive with human impacts and are threat the human structure ,speciallyin mountain area and are imposed economical damage to villager The environmentmanagement is require firstly, to study mechanism of the occurrence of these eventsand then zonation of susceptible area to the occurrence events. The aim this article isassessment share of factors and is define share of 10 factors on the occurrence of Rockflow. The Rock flow hazard mapping is often performed through the identification andanalysis instability factors .For mapping ,firstly distribution map of factor produce anddigitized of factors and then analyzed by bivariated methods and the next stage,weighted to factors and final stage, produced Rock flow hazard zonation map by usingof Arc/View .This map show that, large part of Garangoo catchment is consist ofvolcano ash ,marl and old alluvial ,with steep slope at site of 2000 m altitude. Thevolcanic material (andesite and dasite) specially Miocene volcanic stone,produced thedebris and rock segments. These materials deposited on roads surface and distortedpassengers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analyzing extension- education methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector: a case study in Hamedan County
Mariam Yosefi Mohamadi Reza Movahedi Heshmatollah SaadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a surveying study in terms of data gathering. Data were gathered through a questionnaire tool. The study population included both 8443 farmers and 135 agricultural experts from Hamedan County in 2020. Of those 367 farmers and 100 agricultural experts were selected by using Cochran's formula respectively. Validity of the questionnaire (face validity) was confirmed by the agricultural extension professors from Bu-Ali Sina University. To evaluate the reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used during a pre-test and it was 0.94 for the research' questions (extension education methods). The results showed that the most important extension methods to control drought which agreed with both farmers and experts were: training by local leaders, visiting demonstration farms, use advisory services. The results also showed that according to factor analysis of the farmers' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 groups including: extension and advisory services, transfer information by local communities, people and magazines, training with local leaders and councils, watching extension films and visiting extension agents. According to factor analysis of the experts' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 categories, which are: visit tours, using extension publications, using information networks, using cooperatives, village municipality and councils' capacities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Study of Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia, Gymnema sylvestre and jumbolana Eugenia in invitro condition
ایلیاد عیسی بیگلو پرویز کرمانی زادهIran is rich in medicinally important plants and has an ancient herbal treatment methods. Ourwork is based on the study of some indigenous plants which show inhibitory effect of glucoseutilization, and are in use as hypoglycemic agent in traditional system of medicine. MoreIran is rich in medicinally important plants and has an ancient herbal treatment methods. Ourwork is based on the study of some indigenous plants which show inhibitory effect of glucoseutilization, and are in use as hypoglycemic agent in traditional system of medicine. Gymnemasylvestre, Momordica charantia and Eugenia jumbolana have been shown to possesshypoglycemic activity of varying degree. After preparation of glucose solutions and mentionedherbal aqueous extracts, quantative measurement of glucose was done by o-toluidine andglucose oxidase methods in various PH. The results in three different media revealed that,hypoglycemic activity is more prominent in neutral and basic media as compared to acidicmedium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Principal Components Analysis for Water Use Efficiency of Common Bean, Sesame and Maize in Response of Application of Water Super Absorbent Hydrogel
Mohsen Jahan Mohammad Behzad AmiriIn order to evaluate effect of deficit irrigation and application of water superabsorbent and determining principal components in water use efficiency of common bean, sesame and maize a split plots experiment based on RCBD design with three replications was conducted du MoreIn order to evaluate effect of deficit irrigation and application of water superabsorbent and determining principal components in water use efficiency of common bean, sesame and maize a split plots experiment based on RCBD design with three replications was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season, in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Irrigation levels (50 and 100% of water requirement) and application and non-application of water superabsorbent assigned to main and sub plots, respectively. Principal components analysis for three plant species resulted in two principle components with the most considerable variances. The first component explained 73, 60 and 80% of variables variance in bean, sesame and corn, respectively. In bean, variables of seed yield, biological yield, seed weight, plant height, crop growth rate and soil nitrogen, phosphorous content and pH were assigned to the first component and leaf area index, EC and water use efficiency were assigned to the second component. In sesame, variables of seed yield, biological yield, seed weight, plant height, crop growth rate and soil phosphorous and pH had the highest load on the first component and variables of leaf area index, soil nitrogen content, EC and water use efficiency had the highest load on the second component. In corn, variables of seed yield, biological yield, seed weight, plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate and soil nitrogen and pH were in the first component and variables of soil phosphorous and EC and water use efficiency in the second component had the highest load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Modeling Desalination of Brackish Water with the Electrodialysis Method, Using the Design of Experiments and the GMDH neural Network
Maryam Sharafi Mahmood AkbariBackground and Aim: Desalination of saline and brackish water as a relatively permanent resource is a reliable solution to compensate for water shortages. The Electrodialysis process, as one of the desalination methods, separates almost unsalted water from saline water MoreBackground and Aim: Desalination of saline and brackish water as a relatively permanent resource is a reliable solution to compensate for water shortages. The Electrodialysis process, as one of the desalination methods, separates almost unsalted water from saline water and is becoming a solution for water scarcity all over the worldworldwide. Modeling methods allow provide the study of desalination of saline and brackish water by the Electro Dialysisdialysis, as well as predicting the behaviors and process patterns of these systems. The purpose of this study is to model the Electrodialysis process by Design of Experiments and to evaluateing the GMDH neural network method in estimating the separation percentage and the output flux of the brackish water Electrodialysis cell.Method: The volumetric flow values in six levels (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL min-1), solute concentration in three levels (200, 500, and 1000 mg L-1), temperature in three levels (50 , 60, and 70°C), voltage at three levels (10, 20, and 30 V) and pressure at three levels (200, 400, and 800 Pa) were extracted. In order to model the effect of each above inputs on the separation percentage and output flux of brackish water Electrodialysis cells, The full factorial design and the GMDH neural network were are used to model the effect of each above inputs on the separation percentage and output flux of brackish water Electrodialysis cells. In modeling the output of the Electrodialysis cell output using the GMDH neural network, after determining the input variables, randomization, normalization and segmentation of input and output variables were performeddone. For modeling, 90% of the data (437 samples) were randomly assigned for training and 10% of the data (49 samples) were are used for validation. On the other hand, due to having specific levels for each of the inputs, it was possible to use a Full Factorial experimental design.Results: The linear results of statistical regression analysis table results showeshowd that there is a significant difference between all simple and interaction effects of the treatments for the response variable of separation percentage and flux at the one percent level. With decreasing volume flow and solute concentration, and increasing temperature, voltage, and pressure, the separation percentage and output flux showed a significant increase. The results of modeling with the GMDH neural network showed demonstrates that in the training step, the prediction accuracy of separation percentage (R2=0.90, MBE=-0.16 and RMSE=7.48) and flux (R2=0.79, MBE =0.001 and RMSE=0.08). The These criteria same values in the testing step were are 0.85, -3, and 9.37 for separation percentage and 0.78, -0.008, and 0.07 for flux. Correlation of target and output data, proximity of target and output values to y = x diagram, low transgression of error values from zero value and proximity of error distribution (histogram) to normal distribution were obtained. Conclusion: After determining the significant differences of all simple and interaction effects of treatments for response variables, the means were compared. It is ideal to Hhaveing more separation percentage and output flux response variables was ideal. Therefore, the results of comparing the means showed illustrate that the best volumetric flow level equal to 1 ml / min, input flow concentration of 200 mg / l, temperature of 70 ° C, input voltage of 30 volts and pressure of 800 Pascals, lead to the highest separation percentage and output flux. In addition, with decreasing volumetric flow, and decreasing solute concentration, and increasing temperature, increasing voltage and increasing pressure, separation percentage and output flux showed a significant increaserise. Also, according to the statistical indicators for the whole data, appropriate correlation, slightly underestimation, and small error were are obtained. ThereforeThus, using the Design of Experiments and GMDH neural network has suitable accuracy for modeling desalination of brackish water using the Electrodialysis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Assessing the Relationship between the Changes in the Shadegan Wetland Level and the EC of the Wetland Water over Time Using Satellite Images and Geostatistical Methods
Bahman Yargholi Yasaman SamaeiIntroduction Wetlands are highly beneficial to human societies due to their positive environmental functions, direct and indirect functions, as well as their value as an asset. It has led to an increase in the attention given to their restoration and maintenance in di MoreIntroduction Wetlands are highly beneficial to human societies due to their positive environmental functions, direct and indirect functions, as well as their value as an asset. It has led to an increase in the attention given to their restoration and maintenance in different societies. Shadgan Wetland contains fresh, salty, and brackish water, and approximately 900 million cubic meters of water enter Shadgean every year. The wetland is at risk of serious harm as a result of the development activities occurring around it, which are causing pollutants to enter the wetland and reducing the quantity of fresh water coming in. A number of factors contribute to the destruction of this wetland, including over-exploitation from its water resources, the discharge of urban waste within its limits, the fragmentation of the wetland as a result of road construction, the construction of stations to increase the pressure on electricity, gas and oil pipelines, as well as effluents from industries such as bread making, alcohol production, sugarcane cultivation and industry. The economic value of wetlands and climate regulation, flood prevention, protection of plant and animal diversity, beauty and inherent visual attractions of wetlands, tourist attractions, as well as creating an opportunity for migratory birds to nest and a place for scientific research are among the most important considerations in the design of a wetlands. The development of water resources schemes and the regulation of river flows are often recognized as the most serious threats to the ecological sustainability of rivers and wetlands. Methodology This study attempts to determine the change in water salinity of Shadegan wetland in the last five decades using the electrical conductivity index due to the importance of Shadegan wetland in various ways. Finally, a relationship has been established between the area and the salinity of this significant wetland. Also, by using electrical conductivity data from 23 stations in the lagoon and with the help of satellite images and remote sensing techniques and interpolation methods (IDW), the changes of this index in the mentioned period were investigated, leading to a mathematical relationship. Results and Discussion According to the research results, upstream human activities, especially dam constructions and agricultural development projects, have had a great impact on the quantity and quality of the wetland. With climate change and drought, these effects have intensified, resulting in a reduction of the wetland level as well as an increase in the salinity of the wetland water. These changes can be observed both in terms of their temporal and spatial dimensions. Consequently, the salinity of wetland water has always been increasing in the past and in the present. In addition, the trend of increasing salinity can be observed from north to south from the perspective of the spatial dimension. According to the results, there are three salinity levels in the wetland: saline, brackish water, and super salinity, and a salinity increase is observed in all three zones. So over time, the levels and zones of saline and super salinity have expanded, and the levels of brackish water have decreased. It is expected that this process will continue over time, resulting in the sea salt water advancing towards the wetland and increasing the amount of salinity within it. Conclusions According to this study, based on the relationship between salinity and the level of the wetland, as well as the water area of the wetland, it is possible to estimate its salinity in three zones. By measuring the salinity of water at several key stations within each of the three zones, the wetland's water level can be estimated. In monitoring, managing, and qualitatively protecting the wetland and consequently its species, this equation and its relationships can play an important role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Determining the Amount of Water Use and Evapotranspiration of Bean Using Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes Methods under the Conditions of Drip and Furrow Irrigation
Ali Abdzad Gohari Fatemeh Keykhaei Niazali EbrahimipakBackground and Aim: Due to the limitation of water resources, proper use of water is necessary, and the use of appropriate irrigation methods in fields is an appropriate strategies to use water. Water stress can affect crop yield in the field. Therefore, the correct met MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the limitation of water resources, proper use of water is necessary, and the use of appropriate irrigation methods in fields is an appropriate strategies to use water. Water stress can affect crop yield in the field. Therefore, the correct method of irrigation and management of water consumption is one of the basic issues in farms. The deficit irrigation strategy with the water requirement supply approach can be considered as a practical and efficient technique to ensure more crop yield, without compromising the physiological processes and yield. Therefore, the scope of this research is to estimate the amount of water consumed and the amount of evapotranspiration of the bean plant with the aim of evaluating the field conditions and comparing it with Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods. Method: The present study aims to determine the amount of water use and evapotranspiration of bean using Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods and based on the inverse solution of the yield production function in Markazi Province and at the Khomin Bean National Research Station at an altitude of 1930 meters above sea level with a length of 49 degrees and 57 minutes of latitude and 33 degrees and 39 minutes of latitude were implemented in 2016 and 2017. In this experiment, the irrigation treatment including furrow and drip-tape as the main factor and, the values of water requirement including 100, 75 and 55% of water requirement as a sub-factor and in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks design were done in three replications. Cultivated variety was of native type and its planting time was on the 10th and 9th of June respectively in the first and second year. Drip irrigation tapes were placed on the stacks and irrigation was carried out in the same way until the seedling was fully established in the stage of emergence of the third three leaves. Results: The highest seed yield with an average of 2683 kg/ha was obtained in the furrow irrigation method and by providing 100% of the water requirement. In evaluating evapotranspiration, the root mean square error (RMSE) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods were 0.160, 117.8 and 0.185 mm respectively and the root mean square normal error (RMSEn) were 0.448, 0.330 and 0.518 percent respectively. The index of agreement or compatibility (d) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods were 0.295, 0.600 and 0.081% respectively. In the investigation of irrigation water amounts, the root mean square error (RMSE) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods was 156.7, 117.5, and 181.3 mm, respectively, and the root mean square normal error (RMSEn) was 0.446, 0.335 and 0.516 percent respectively. The index of agreement or compatibility (d) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods were 0.324, 0.602 and 0.118% respectively. Conclusion: In general and according to the statistical results, Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods had an acceptable estimate of the amount of irrigation water and the amount of evapotranspiration in the furrow and drip conditions under different amounts of water requirement. Therefore, they can be used as appropriate tool in the estimation of water use in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Optimizing operation of reservoir for agricultural water supply using firefly algorithm
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Moghari Mohammad Ebrahim BanihabibThe largest amount of water in Iran is used in agricultural sector. Thus, efficient use of water in this sector will be significantly effective in maintaining water resources and optimum use of available water. In many regions, surface reservoirs are responsible for pro MoreThe largest amount of water in Iran is used in agricultural sector. Thus, efficient use of water in this sector will be significantly effective in maintaining water resources and optimum use of available water. In many regions, surface reservoirs are responsible for providing water to downstream agriculture. Optimal operation of reservoir is one of the major parts of surface water resource optimization. So far, several optimization approaches have been used, among them, the most popular methods are Evolutionary Algorithms. In this study, Firefly Algorithm (FA), as a new method, was proposed for optimal operating of Bazoft reservoir. The operation modeling was carried out for a period of 120 months related to 1986 to 1995 years. The considered objective function was defined as minimizing the sum of squared differences between the demands and the release from the reservoir divided by maximum demand during operation. The model performance was examined compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These two mentioned algorithms are known as common and standard methods.The results indicated that firefly algorithm can better perform than other methods. The mean value of the objective function of this method was 0.408, and the mean of the objective function for the GA and PSO were 0.618 and 0.913, respectively. In addition, FA has created less deficiency values and milder deficiency compares to GA and PSO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating the Awareness of Food and Beverage Consumers Regarding the Types of Packaging
mohammad mahdavi mazdeh nima fakhim hashemiIntroduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.C MoreIntroduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.Considering the importance of this issue that has a direct relationship with human health and bioenvironmental issues, this research is concerned with consumers' awareness in respect of advantages and disadvantages of packing types of foods and drinks. Moreover, the criteria for appropriate packing were investigated from consumer’s viewpoint.Materials and Methods: The applied tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, that was prepared considering the ideas of the experts of this field along with structured interviews and the reliability was confirmed by the experts of this industry.Results: The results of the present work indicated that, although a large number of consumers are relatively aware of the disadvantages of PET containers, but it is inevitable not to use them.Conclusion: Lightness, ease of use, non-fragility, availability and inexpensiveness along with being the sole option in the market were some reasons for more usage of PET containers as compared to other packing containers. In terms of drinking water (mineral water) and beverages, lack of any other alternative products was the main reasons for using these containers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Optimization of Various Conditions (Temperature, Light Intensity Change, Culture Methods Batch, Fed Batch and kind of Carbon Source) for Phycocyanin Maximum Production by the Microalgae Spirulina Platensis(Arthrospira
Keramat Rezaee Maryam kalantari Mahnaz Hashemi ravan Mohamad Taghi Golmakani Nasrin Faragi Delnia FaragiIntroduction: Nowadays the application of natural dyes in food and pharmaceutical products are desirable and might be important. Phycociyanin is a natural pigment with powerful antioxidant activity and is extracted from the Spirulina algae. Due to the possible toxic eff MoreIntroduction: Nowadays the application of natural dyes in food and pharmaceutical products are desirable and might be important. Phycociyanin is a natural pigment with powerful antioxidant activity and is extracted from the Spirulina algae. Due to the possible toxic effects of some synthetic colors and antioxidants the use of natural additives in food and pharmaceutical product are perfected. Materials and Methods: In this research, phycocyanin is produced at 30 and 35 , using glucose, ethanol and acetic acid as carbon source in both batch and semi continues methods with variable light intensitives of 2 and 3.5 Klx for maximum production. The experiments were carried out according to Full Factorial method using fixed and variable conditions on the samples. Results: The results show that in batch and semi continues methods with 1.0 mlL-1 carbon source and 2.0 Klx light intensity by increasing the temperature from 30 to 35 , the production of plycociyanin in glucose as compared to the other two carbon sources have rapidly declined. The results also indicated that by using a concentration of 1 mlL-1 carbon source and light intensity of 3.5 Klx at 30 , there were not significant differences between the batch and semi continuous methods. Conclusion: It was concluded that the amount of production by using glucose was maximum and also using ethanol showed good yields with minimal differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Lead and Cadmium Contents of Shrimp and Lobster
E. Gheisari M. Raissy E. Rahimi -
Open Access Article
54 - Isolation and Identification of L. plantarum from Iranian Fermented Cucumbers by Conventional Culture and PCR Methods
Z. Nilchian E. Rahimi S.H. Razavi M. Momeni Shahraki -
Open Access Article
55 - Study of Local and Temporal Changes of Groundwater Quality Standards of Hamedan-Bahar Plain Using (GIS) over a 10 Year Period
Sahar Eghbalian omid BahmaniBackground and objective: Groundwater is the valuable resources for drinking, agriculture and industry uses in the most regions of Iran. Groundwater qualitative changes can be created by human activity and industrial development. Study of these resources is necessary in MoreBackground and objective: Groundwater is the valuable resources for drinking, agriculture and industry uses in the most regions of Iran. Groundwater qualitative changes can be created by human activity and industrial development. Study of these resources is necessary in order to maintaining and improving their quality. The objective of this study is zoning and regional the specification parameters point of the case study. Finally determined the best method for zoning the each of the variables and permitted and infect areas in agricultural uses. In addition behavior variables were investigated in the 10 year period of time. Method: Qualitative data of Hameda-Bahar plain in Ten-year period were used in this study. Variables such as EC, TDS, SAR, HCO3, PH, Cl & Na evaluated by Geostatical methods include of Ordinary Kriging(OK),(by Circular, Gaussian, Exponential and spherical Semivariogram Modeling) and the specific methods include inverse distance weights (IDW), radial basis functions (RBF), global polynomial interpolator (GPI) and local polynomial interpolator (LPI), were zoning with ARCGIS9.3. Findings: Results indicated that the best method to zoning the qualitative parameters were IDW (EC), RBF (TDS), OK exponential semivariogram (HCO3), IDW (PH), RBF (Cl), OK exponential semivariogram (Na) and RBF (SAR) in Hamedan-Bahar plain. According to the best method the zoning of parameters was done for 2005, 2009 and 2014 years. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that Na had the maximum changes in ground water during the study period. The area percent for this parameter increased 3.21% from 2005 to 2014. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigating Different Methods for Estimating the Need for Environmental Water (Case Study: Alandchay River)
Elmira Pirouzian Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein SedghiBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and MoreBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and downstream ecosystems are of particular important. A sustainable strategy is a revision of the allocation of water for various uses and an increase in the share of the environmental flow from the current 10% to (20-40%) annual yields of rivers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the monthly distribution of the environmental flow of an indicating river with a permanent flow (Alandachay river) using existing hydro-ecological methods.Method: In this paper, seven hydro-ecological methods were used: (1- Tennant; 2- Tessman; FDC 4- Smakhtin 5- FDC shifting 6-DRM; 7- Water-quality method called Q-relation). The results of environmental estimation of Alandachay River were calculated using different methods.Findings: According to this paper, the environmental law of the Alandachay river in the FDC shifting method and with acceptance of the river conditions at the minimum ecological status acceptable (environmental management class C), at hydrometry station, average annual flow rate was estimated to be 1.56 cubic meters per second, which considering the amount of environmental water, the highest calculated amount of all seven methods and was calculated 0.39 by using Tennant method. The other remaining methods were between these methods.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this paper show the accuracy of the FDC shifting method with the environmental class C at the studied station at 1.56 cubic meters per second as the bio-management class. These results show that quick methods of calculating the environmental flow used in Iran are mainly applied without considering the environmental conditions. This greatly reduces the accuracy of the results and even yields the opposite results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Application of TOPSIS and AHP integrated method in chemicals management using the HSE approach (Case study: Sugar factory)
Omid Espargham Mohsen Shafiee Shabnam Saffarian بهناز گودرزیBackground and Objective: Increased rate of chemicals production and their consumption in various industrial processes are consiederd as characteristics of an industrial community. Improper management and incorrect use of them will cause accidents and harmful damage to MoreBackground and Objective: Increased rate of chemicals production and their consumption in various industrial processes are consiederd as characteristics of an industrial community. Improper management and incorrect use of them will cause accidents and harmful damage to human health and the environment. Method: In this paper, considering the safety and health risks and the environmental aspects associated with storage, preservation and working with chemicals produced in sugar factory, these chemicals were identified by Walking & Talking Through method. Then, the multi-criteria decision-making methods such as AHP, TOPSIS and Eigenvector technique were used for analyzing the risks of the identified chemicals. Finally, the chemicals were divided into three categories in terms of risk by determining the median in SPSS. Findings: The results of calculating the risk of the chemicals used in sugar factory show that ethyl alcohol with weight of 0.646, ammonia with weight of 0.566 and caustic soda with weight of 0.558 are the most important chemicals affecting the safety, health and environment of the factory and the surrounding area. Accordingly, the strategies to control and reduce the risks of chemicals were identified. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, introducing a multi-criteria method for calculating the risk factor, the highest number of features inducing the risk of a substance to the personnel is used in the calculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Comparison of Hydrology and Eco Hydrology Methods in Environmental Flow Estimation of Mahabad River
nazak rouzegari mohammad taghi sattari hajar feyziBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, MoreBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, as one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake basin, is very crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum environmental flow for Mahabad River using Eco-Hydrology methods. Method: In this study, the environmental flow for Mahabad River was estimated by five methods, namely Tenant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shifting, Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA). Findings: According to the results obtained in this study, to protect Mahabad River in the acceptable minimum environmental condition, the FDC shifting model considering class B (35.1% MAR (mean annual runoff), equivalent to 2.75 m³/s) and DRM considering class B/C (27.24% MAR, equal to 2.13 m³/s) led to approximately similar and acceptable results. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, the FDC shifting model and DRM that consider different hydrological classes are preferable to other methods, and these methods can be used to determine the environmental flow for Mahabad River. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effects of Global Warming and Climate Changes on Economic Growth (Case Study: Iran provinces during 2002-2012)
Hossein panahi Najmeh Esmaeel DarjaniBackground and Objective: Global warming and climate changes are currently one of the most important environmental challenges in the world, which are the consequences of rising temperatures, melting polar ice caps, rising free water levels and changes in climate thresho MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming and climate changes are currently one of the most important environmental challenges in the world, which are the consequences of rising temperatures, melting polar ice caps, rising free water levels and changes in climate thresholds.Method: The present paper has studied temperature and rain effects as climate changes and global warming on real economic growth by using panel data method in provinces in the period of 2002 to 2012.Findings: Climate change affects the economic sectors of the country and this impact on the sectors that are more interrelated with the agricultural sector. It is noteworthy that due to temperature and precipitation trends in recent years in the provinces of Iran, which do not show a favorable trend.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that air temperature has a negative relationship with economic growth and is significant at the level of 5% and the amount of precipitation shows a positive and significant relationship at the level of 5% with the economic growth variable. With increasing global warming and climate changes, the economic growth of Iran's provinces is declining. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - A Study on Ecological Relationships between Crab Plover and Oystercatcher with prey Organisms in Sajjafi Mudflats
Morteza Naderi Mastoureh DarabiIntroduction: Ecological relations between foragers and their prey in two species of waders, crabplover (Dromas ardeola) and oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), were studied in Zohre rivermudflats over 9 months between summer 2004 to winter 2005.Material & Method MoreIntroduction: Ecological relations between foragers and their prey in two species of waders, crabplover (Dromas ardeola) and oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), were studied in Zohre rivermudflats over 9 months between summer 2004 to winter 2005.Material & Methods: Seven line transects each with about 400 meters were detected in two sides ofthe river that four of which were located in the river estuary. The main food of crab plover andoystercatcher were determined via direct sighting, collection of shells scattered around nests, huntingand exploring the stomach contents Variable Circular Plot or VCP and distance to nearestneighborhood and quadrate methods were used for birds, crabs and cockles density and abundanceestimation respectively. Then acquired data were analyzed by DISTANCE software.Results: This study showed that the main food of crab plover and oystercatcher are Eurycarcinusorientalis and cockles from Cardidae family (Trachycardium and Laevicardium genuses)respectively. Crab populations are generally distributed in patches and the area between patches istaken to be devoid of prey. Foragers (Crab plover) must maximize their rate of energy intake and donot spend time and energy traveling between patches whereas tide is a time limiting factor. In thisstudy it was found that crab plover should select the patch where they obtain the highest intake ratesand its population is highly correlated with crab’s populations ( 2 R = 0.875, P < 0.005). But there is nosignificant relationship between oystercatcher population density distributions with cockles ( 2 R =0.072, P < 0.005). The results suggest that measurement of prey availability can account for preyactivity patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation the Reasons of Inattention and Ignorance Farmers of Adverse Effects the Chemical Fertilizers (Especially Nitrogen Fertilizer) the Using Focus Group Discussion
Masoomeh Amerian Loghman Ali-Mohamadian Afsaneh MalekhosiniBackground and objectives: Increased population and demand is entails raise the amount of production per unit area. Competition for increased yield is reason excessive use of fertilizer nitrate. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in addition to the enormous cost for MoreBackground and objectives: Increased population and demand is entails raise the amount of production per unit area. Competition for increased yield is reason excessive use of fertilizer nitrate. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in addition to the enormous cost for farmer, also leads to harmful effects. These farmers are that at time to act amount the use of chemical fertilizers determine. Therefore, the reasons inattention and ignorance farmers the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizer) the using focus group discussion was studied. Method: The research with participation of 12 of vegetable growers in city of Buchanan (West Azerbaijan) was performed. A total of 5 courses focus group discussions were conducted with duration of 1 hour for each course. Findings: According to the results, the reasons for the of inattention of farmers from the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers in the form of the main 5 themes discussed were as follows, 1- Purpose of the production. 2- The absence of an inorganic or organic criterion for differentiating between healthy products. 3- The elements noted in the product. 4- The performance of agricultural Jihad and research centers in relation to the adverse effects of excessive consumption of nitrogen fertilizer on farms and 5- The farmers' lack of familiarity with organic cultural. Discussion and Conclusion: Culturalization in the community for the purchase and consumption of healthy products, although at a high price, will help many farmers to be interested to the cultivation of healthy crops. Including, monitoring and review experts on the amount of fertilizers used in the fields of vegetables and attracting the attention and satisfaction of farmers can make a significant contribution to reducing fertilizer use in agricultural lands. The production of healthy products is directly related to the health of the general population. Results of this research will play an important role in improving organic culture or safe agriculture in order to produce safe products and devoid of fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Prediction of Phenol Adsorption by Sawdust from Wastewater Using Intelligent Methods
Mohsen Keshavarz Tork Ahad Ghaemi Mansour Shirvani Background and Objective: Phenol presence and its derivatives in water and waste water on human health and the environment is one the major concerns. Because of the toxicity of phenol and also because of the presence of even low concentrations in natural resource More Background and Objective: Phenol presence and its derivatives in water and waste water on human health and the environment is one the major concerns. Because of the toxicity of phenol and also because of the presence of even low concentrations in natural resources, water disinfection and oxidation processes can lead to the formation of additional components. This material is one of the most common organic pollutants in water. In this research, adsorption of phenol from wastewater by sawdust was simulated using intelligent techniques. Method: Intelligent techniques including multi-layer Perceptron, radial basis functions network and support vector regression were used. To design the network structure as well as the training and testing of 125 sets of experimental data is used. Performance evaluation criteria and stop network consists of % AARE and, which is used for all three models. Findings: All models compared results showed that the support vector regression with 0.5132 and 0.979, respectively, for %AARE and is the best model. All models are better results than the quadratic polynomial model showed. Discussion and Conclusion: Models showed good agreement with experimental data. The optimum conditions for the removal of phenol were 127.6 mg/l of initial phenol concentration, 0.84 g/l of adsorbent dose, natural pH value of 3.62 and 146.9 min of contact time, under these conditions the maximum removal efficiency was 91.23%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Spatial variations of groundwater quality parameters using geostatistics (Case study: Segsi Plain, Isfahan)
Zahra Azhdari Seyed Zeynalabedin HosseiniBackground and Objective: Understanding chemical changes in groundwater and their mapping play a substantial role in optimal management of groundwater in an area. There are various methods for investigation and classification of groundwater chemical features, and select MoreBackground and Objective: Understanding chemical changes in groundwater and their mapping play a substantial role in optimal management of groundwater in an area. There are various methods for investigation and classification of groundwater chemical features, and selection of appropriate method depends on the purpose, conditions of the area and available information. Geostatistical methods and GIS can be useful tools in this regard. The aim of his study is to investigate the spatial variations of groundwater quality and select the best mapping method for the management of groundwater resources in Segsi plain. Method: In this paper, the distribution of quality pollutants pH, TDS, Hco3, EC, Ca, Mg, TH, Na and So4 in groundwater of Segsi plain was investigated using inverse distance and geostatistical methods, distance and bearing functions, local, general and ordinary Kriging estimator software ARCGIS9.3. Accordingly, the sample from 445 groundwater wells, springs and canals were examined. After evaluating variograms and determining the spatiality of the changes in the studied parameters, interpolation of parameters was performed and the best evaluation model with lowest RMSE was selected through mutual evaluation technique and the root-mean-square error. Findings: The results showed that all parameters had the lowest RMSE using the ordinary Kriging method and it was used for mapping the spatial distribution of water quality parameters. Results from mapping indicated that Na, Ca, Mg, So4, Hco3 and pH had no limitation and EC, TH and TDS had limitations in terms of drinkability. Conclusion: According to the results, application of the ordinary Kriging method is recommended for more precision, less calculation and less data demand among various interpolation methods for the groundwater mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Comparison of Predicted Tehran Stock Exchange Cycles using ANFIS, MLP, RBF and PNN Networks based on PSO Algorithm
farzaneh abdollahian mohammad ebrahim mohammad pourzarandi hasan ghalibafaslOne of the financial institutions of the countries in the world is the Stock Exchange, which is used as indicators of economic health. As for a large volume of capital is managed through the stock market and is placed in the production and industry, the recession in thi MoreOne of the financial institutions of the countries in the world is the Stock Exchange, which is used as indicators of economic health. As for a large volume of capital is managed through the stock market and is placed in the production and industry, the recession in this market can have important effects. In this paper, we seek to extract the cycles of prosperity and recession in the Tehran Stock Exchange using the TEPIX and the Pagan and Sossounov method. Then, using the PSO algorithm, the most important predictor variables are determined and in the next step We predict market financial cycles using ANFIS, MLP, RBF and PNN networks. The results show that according to the mean square error, the root mean square error, the accuracy of the model and the Kappa coefficient, the MLP model provides better results in predicting future market conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Design and validation of an integrated marketing communication model in Stock Exchange
shahram bandpey niloufar imankhan Mohammadbagher Gorji amir akhavanfarIntegrated marketing communications means the design, development and implementation of various programs regarding the use of a combination of methods and tools of marketing communications in a coherent way to influence the audience and attract them to the organization MoreIntegrated marketing communications means the design, development and implementation of various programs regarding the use of a combination of methods and tools of marketing communications in a coherent way to influence the audience and attract them to the organization and empowers the company. Acquisition and validation of the integrated marketing communication model in Tehran Stock Exchange has been done using a survey method. The statistical population of this study: 386 shareholders of Tehran Stock Exchange were selected using Morgan's table by available sampling method and the necessary information was collected from a questionnaire. To evaluate the fit of the proposed model, the structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach has been used with Smart PLS software. Partial results and second-order confirmatory factor analysis using second-order confirmatory factor analysis software showed that all observable variables had a factor load higher than 0.70 on their corresponding latent variable and were significant. All variables have been reported above 0.5, which indicates the convergent validity of the model variables and the redundancy coefficient in all variables was positive and approximately 0.35, indicating the appropriate quality of the measurement model and it can be concluded that the model has the ability to predict Has. This means that marketing communication methods and tools have a positive and significant effect on the integration of marketing communications and the integration of marketing communications has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of marketing communications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Using a Hybrid NSGA-II to Solve the Redundancy Allocation Mmodel of Series-Parallel Systems
Mohammadreza Shahriari -
Open Access Article
67 - محاسبه میانگین هندسی ماتریس بر روی دو ماتریس HPD: یک روش تکراری کارا
F. Kiyoumarsiدر این مقاله، یک روش تکراری کارا برای محاسبه علامت یک ماتریس که هیچ مقدار ویژه ی موهومی ندارد ارائه می شود. سپس با استفاده از یک همسانی شناخته شده در تئوری عملکرد ماتریس ها، یک الگوریتم برای محاسبه میانگین هندسی از دو ماتریس هرمیتی معین مثبت بدست می آید. علاوه بر این یک Moreدر این مقاله، یک روش تکراری کارا برای محاسبه علامت یک ماتریس که هیچ مقدار ویژه ی موهومی ندارد ارائه می شود. سپس با استفاده از یک همسانی شناخته شده در تئوری عملکرد ماتریس ها، یک الگوریتم برای محاسبه میانگین هندسی از دو ماتریس هرمیتی معین مثبت بدست می آید. علاوه بر این یک الگوریتم کارامد دیگر برای این هدف ارائه میشود که وابسته به جذر ماتریس نباشد. وسرانجام چند آزمایش هم برای نمایش کاربرد آن انجام خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Adaptive Steffensen-like Methods with Memory for Solving Nonlinear Equations with the Highest Possible Efficiency Indices
M‎. ‎J‎. Lalehchini T. Lotfi K. Mahdiani -
Open Access Article
69 - On an Efficient Family with Memory with High Order of Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equations
V. Torkashvand M. Kazemi -
Open Access Article
70 - یک روش صریح تک گامی برای حل عددی مسائل کنترل بهینه
موسی عبادی اسفند ملیح ملکی احمدرضا حقیقی علی عبادیاندر این پژوهش، روش پیشرو-پسرو جاروب، برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه به کار برده شده و یک روش هیبریدی بر اساس روش های صریح رانگ – کوتا از مرتبه 4و5 برای تقریب عددی مسائل کنترل بهینه پیشنهاد شده است. همگرایی روش اثبات گردیده است و دقت این روش برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه، از Moreدر این پژوهش، روش پیشرو-پسرو جاروب، برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه به کار برده شده و یک روش هیبریدی بر اساس روش های صریح رانگ – کوتا از مرتبه 4و5 برای تقریب عددی مسائل کنترل بهینه پیشنهاد شده است. همگرایی روش اثبات گردیده است و دقت این روش برای حل مسائل کنترل بهینه، از هردو روش رانگ – کوتای مرتبه 4و5 بیشتراست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - بهبودهایی از روش کوردرو- تروخروزا برای حل معادلات غیرخطی
مریم محمدی زاده طاهر لطفی مجید امیرفخریاندر این مقاله، دو روش تطبیقی با حافظه بر اساس روش کوردرو- تروخروزا بهبود یافته است. تکنیک روش تطبیقی شاخص کارایی را تا حد ممکن افزایش میدهد. روش­های جدید بدون مشتق ارائه شده دارای مرتبه همگرایی 7/99315 و 7/46315 هستند و از اطلاعات دو تکرار گذشته اس Moreدر این مقاله، دو روش تطبیقی با حافظه بر اساس روش کوردرو- تروخروزا بهبود یافته است. تکنیک روش تطبیقی شاخص کارایی را تا حد ممکن افزایش میدهد. روش­های جدید بدون مشتق ارائه شده دارای مرتبه همگرایی 7/99315 و 7/46315 هستند و از اطلاعات دو تکرار گذشته استفاده می کنند. در نهایت، تجزیه و تحلیل همگرایی و مثال­های عددی را ارائه می­دهیم تا کارایی و کاربرد روش­های پیشنهادی را نشان دهیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - بکارگیری ماتریس عملیاتی جدید برای حل معادلات انتگرال کسری غیرخطی
فائزه سالکی رضا عزتیدر این مقاله یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات انتگرالی کسری غیر خطی (NFIE) بر اساس توابع پایه ی جدیدی که در مرجع ]16[ معرفی شده است، ارائه می گردد. ابتدا، ماتریس های عملیاتی تعمیم و بهبود داده شده تا بتواند مناسب انتگرال های کسری گردند. به کمک انتگرال گیری دقیق، ماتریس Moreدر این مقاله یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات انتگرالی کسری غیر خطی (NFIE) بر اساس توابع پایه ی جدیدی که در مرجع ]16[ معرفی شده است، ارائه می گردد. ابتدا، ماتریس های عملیاتی تعمیم و بهبود داده شده تا بتواند مناسب انتگرال های کسری گردند. به کمک انتگرال گیری دقیق، ماتریس های مذکور به صورت پارامتری بدست می آیند. سپس، روش حل تشریح و بر روی معادلات انتگرالی غیر خطی اعمال می شوند. همچنین، تحلیل خطا صورت گرفته و مرتبه ی همگرایی بدست می آید. علاوه بر آن، مثال های عددی متعددی به ازای مقادیر بازه ی گسترده ای از مرتبه ی کسری بودن معادله و نیز توان جمله های غیر خطی ارائه می گردد. مقایسه ی نتایج با حل دقیق و نیز با نتایجی که در مطالعات پیشین گزارش شده اند توانایی، دقت قابل توجه و نیز برتری روش حاضر را نسبت به روش های مشابه نشان می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - مروری نظام مند بر روش های مکاشفه ای ترکیب سرویس در محیط محاسبات ابری
محمدباقر کریمیدر دهه حاضر، مفهوم سرویس و ارائه نرم افزار به صورت سرویس بر روی معماری سیستم های ابری به عنوان دو تحول مهم، دنیای سیستم های اطلاعاتی را متحول کرده است. این تغییر، چرخه حیات تولید نرم افزار را با یک دگرگونی پارادیمی مواجه کرده است که در آن تولید نرم افزار از طریق ترکیب س Moreدر دهه حاضر، مفهوم سرویس و ارائه نرم افزار به صورت سرویس بر روی معماری سیستم های ابری به عنوان دو تحول مهم، دنیای سیستم های اطلاعاتی را متحول کرده است. این تغییر، چرخه حیات تولید نرم افزار را با یک دگرگونی پارادیمی مواجه کرده است که در آن تولید نرم افزار از طریق ترکیب سرویس های آماده در بستر ابر انجام میگیرد. یکی از الزامات ترکیب سرویس در محیط ابر این است که باید به صورت on-the-fly انجام گیرد که تحقق آن نیاز به یک مصالحه بین بهینه بودن سرویس مرکب و زمان ترکیب سرویس دارد. مسئله ترکیب سرویس با اطلاع از QoS، مسئلهای است که برای آن چندین راه حل بالقوه وجود دارد که معمولاً چند تا از آنها بهینه محسوب میشوند، بر این اساس این مسئله، یک مسئله بهینه سازی و در زمره مسائل NP-Hard به شمار میآید. با توجه به این واقعیت که به دلیل افزایش روزافزون تعداد سرویسها که منجر به بزرگتر شدن فضای جستجوی مسئله میشوند، در سال های گذشته محققان زیادی به تحقیق بر روی ارائه روش های مبتنی بر الگوریتم های ترکیباتی و مکاشفه ای برای حل مسئله ترکیب سرویس در محیط ابر، علاقه نشان داده اند و این اقبال ادامه دارد. در این مقاله، بر اساس مروری نظام مند بر ادبیات تحقیق، پرسش های مهمی که می توان در حوزه تحقیقاتی ترکیب سرویس به روش مکاشفه ای می توان مطرح کرد، استخراج شده اند. سپس با طبقه بندی پژوهش ها بر اساس رویکردهای حل مسئله، اهداف و اولویت های مورد نظر محققین، نتایج و آمارهای مفیدی ارائه شده که می تواند به تحقیقات آینده کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - بهبودی بر الگوریتم هم مکانی برای حل مسائل دارای شرایط اولیه
مهران نیکآریا سعید سرآباداندر این مقاله یک نسخه بهبودیافته از روش هم مکانی برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل معمولی با شرایط اولیه ارائه شده است. الگوریتم پیشنهادی ما در این مقاله بر روی برخی از مسائل شرایط اولیه معروف بکار برده شده است. نتایج بدست آمده از این الگوریتم با نتایج حاصل از الگوریتمهای Moreدر این مقاله یک نسخه بهبودیافته از روش هم مکانی برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل معمولی با شرایط اولیه ارائه شده است. الگوریتم پیشنهادی ما در این مقاله بر روی برخی از مسائل شرایط اولیه معروف بکار برده شده است. نتایج بدست آمده از این الگوریتم با نتایج حاصل از الگوریتمهایهم مکانی معمولی مقایسه شده است و نتایج این مقایسه مزایا، سرعت، دقت و کارایی روش پیشنهادی را به خوبی نشان میدهد. بر اساس نتایج عددی، الگوریتم پیشنهادی از دقت و زمان اجرای بهتری نسبت به الگوریتم متداول برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Dynamical Control of Computations Using the Family of Optimal Two-point Methods to Solve Nonlinear Equations
M. A. Fariborzi ‎Araghi‎ E. Zarei‎ -
Open Access Article
76 - The Solution of Coupled Nonlinear Burgers' Equations Using Interval Finite-difference Method
M. Norouzi‎ H. Saberi Najafi -
Open Access Article
77 - Planarity of Intersection Graph of submodules of a Module
P. Malakooti -
Open Access Article
78 - A new iterative with memory class for solving nonlinear equations
P. ‎Bassiri‎ P. Bakhtiari‎‎ S. Abbasbandy‎ -
Open Access Article
79 - On Optimal Quadrature Rule for Solving Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations
R. Ezzati M. M. Sadatrasou -
Open Access Article
80 - Ecosystem Services Valuation; Concepts and Methods
Sedighe Abdollahi Alireza IldoromiBackground and Objective: Mankind always need to ecosystem services and goods to survive, but there has been the problem of no market to valuation of this services and assume those being free. Ecosystem services valuation studies have considerably increased our knowledg MoreBackground and Objective: Mankind always need to ecosystem services and goods to survive, but there has been the problem of no market to valuation of this services and assume those being free. Ecosystem services valuation studies have considerably increased our knowledge of the value of ecosystems. Ecosystem services valuation can be interpreted as asking about the value of the current flow of benefits provided by that ecosystem, or about the value of future flows of benefits and also, be asking about the value of conserving that ecosystem rather than converting it to some other use. Valuation is not a single activity, and the seemingly simple question ‘how valuable is an ecosystem?’ Because ecosystem services are not fully negotiable in commercial markets, or they are not quantifying so that comparable to financial services and productive investment and they often little importance in politics, there are need to methods for their valuation. Given that understanding the principal and proper use of valuation methods, can help to policy makers and planners in order to design appropriate and effective Sustainable development policies related to environmental problems.Materials and Methods: This study has studied the subject through literature review and applying internet databases, and is trying to answer to this important question, how ecosystem services valuation affected environmental planning using to consider the concepts and methods of valuation of ecosystem services. Results: Key concepts about ecosystem services were stated and the different types of of ecosystem goods and services values and their valuation approaches such as direct valuation approach and revealed preferences and expressed preferences and their shortcomings were introduced and investigeted.Discussion and Conclusions: Ecosystem economic valuation, provides useful information for planning, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources to planners and executives, social and economic managers by estimating the quantitative value of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Providing optimal methods for water treatment and waste water containing sulfur color
Sahar Tabibian Azam pirkaramiAbstract Sulfur dyes are inexpensive and mainly used for coloring cellulosic textile materials or mixtures of cellulosic fibers. Sodium sulfite is relatively inexpensive and considered as traditional reducing agents and used for sulfur dyes and dyeing, But touch it, is MoreAbstract Sulfur dyes are inexpensive and mainly used for coloring cellulosic textile materials or mixtures of cellulosic fibers. Sodium sulfite is relatively inexpensive and considered as traditional reducing agents and used for sulfur dyes and dyeing, But touch it, is toxic and dangerous.Using it may be Leave harmful residues on fabrics completed and and produces wastewater which it’s treatment is difficult and damage to the environment. Textile industries are met with high cost of water and wastewater treatment, as well as stringent environmental regulations. In this study, a variety of methods, including methods of physical, chemical and biological treatment of industrial wastewater containing paint application of sulfur was investigated This study concludes with recommendations for additional measures to improve treatment processes that can be done from both a technical and economic point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Preparing Mighan wetland Land-use mapping in 2013: Using supervised and fuzzy classification methods
Zahra Alibakhshi Marziyeh Alikhah Asl Mohammad RezavaniIntroduction: Revealing changes is one the most fundamental needs in the management and assessment of natural resources. With regard to remote sensing images, it is then possible to prepare land-use change maps, which are the result of the change detection processes. It MoreIntroduction: Revealing changes is one the most fundamental needs in the management and assessment of natural resources. With regard to remote sensing images, it is then possible to prepare land-use change maps, which are the result of the change detection processes. It should be noted that different methods have been presented to detect changes and developments of land-uses. The purpose of this study is prepared Mighan wetland –land use mapping in 2013 and Comparison of supervised and fuzzy classification methods.Material and Methods: In this study, Mighan Wetland changes as well as its land-use and land-cover improvements were obtained through using OLI Landsat satellite images in 2013. Then, the images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected using appropriate algorithms. Subsequently, training samples were classified in five land-use classes based on fuzzy and supervised classification methods.Results and Discussion: After applying fuzzy classification and land use map was prepared on theSatellite image OLI .The classification accuracy was evaluated were to do a statistical profile accuracyand precision manufacturer for each of the classes was determined using Finally, the overall accuracy, the accuracy of the maps fuzzy and supervised classification was determined. Evaluating the accuracy of these two methods through determining the overall accuracy the results revealed that supervised method with an overall accuracy of 84.91 and kappa value of 0.7861 is more accurate than the fuzzy method with an overall accuracy of 83.49 and kappa value of 0.7667. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The novel disposal methods of solid wastes of a mining and milling operation with emphasise on Codisposal technology
Ali Behnamfard Salman GhasemiThe solid waste materials produced during mining activities can be divided into two categoriesof waste rock and tailing. The waste rock must be removed and placed in a dump to mine the ore. The waste rock dump is heterogeneous in terms of structure and grain size. The w MoreThe solid waste materials produced during mining activities can be divided into two categoriesof waste rock and tailing. The waste rock must be removed and placed in a dump to mine the ore. The waste rock dump is heterogeneous in terms of structure and grain size. The waste rock may range in size from less than 0.1 mm to greater than 1 m in diameter. Tailing is said to the material which is discarded after ore processing. The tailing has usually a small particle size distribution and high water content which results in a poor mechanical stability. It may also contains heavy metals and different process reagents which probably toxic to biota in an ecosystem. Hence, they must be disposed of in certain locations with implementing safety issues. In this article, the conventional and novel disposal methods including tailing dam disposal, backfilling, in-pit disposal and submarine disposal have been introduced. Furthermore, the novel codisposal method which uses the open void space in waste rock for disposal of the tailing has been introduced and its advantages have been listed. Then, the relevant parameters for the evaluation of the applicability of this method have been introduced and different techniques for mixing of two solid wastes in this method have been mentioned and a case study has been reported. Considering to the high benefits, codisposal method can be applied in different mine sites in our country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Common Methods of ethical Educations in Holy Quran and Letter No. 31 of Nahj Al Balaghah
Homayoun Rostami Saeed Beheshti Mohsen Imani NaeeiniThe goal of the present paper is to study the common ethical education methods in Holy Quran and letter no. 31 of Nahj Al Balaghah. According to the close and tight relationship of the method as well as the goals and subject of the research, the applied method is analyt MoreThe goal of the present paper is to study the common ethical education methods in Holy Quran and letter no. 31 of Nahj Al Balaghah. According to the close and tight relationship of the method as well as the goals and subject of the research, the applied method is analytical – inferential. The data compilation and collection is librarian and the statistical society includes Quran’s text and translation as well as the mentioned letter. The present article also applies conceptual analysis for analyzing the data based on the subject of the research. The findings show that the common ethical education methods in Holy Quran and letter no. 31 of Nahj Al Balaghah are advice, pattern, kindness, repentance, closeness and calculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The new approach on the Ijtehadi way of understanding and interpreting the Quran
parvin nabianAbstract In this paper, two major schools of interpretation,i.e. justifiability and Ijtihad are reviewed and their reasons are criticized and reviewed. And eventually the school of interpretation has been spoken about that can be considered a new explanation of the Ijt MoreAbstract In this paper, two major schools of interpretation,i.e. justifiability and Ijtihad are reviewed and their reasons are criticized and reviewed. And eventually the school of interpretation has been spoken about that can be considered a new explanation of the Ijtihad method and that could also be affirmed by the verses and narrations and on its base it could be clarified that the interpretation and explanation of the Qur'an is a divine duty that has been burdened on real commentators of the Quran (the perfect man), the first and leaders infallible Prophet (PBUH) and then divine scholars and jurists who are eligible for the time being, those that without connection with them and without taking use of their presence by asking them and examining one’s understanding of their sight (and not only use their accounts), the view of God in the Holy Quran would not be clarified as the great certainty. So that in the absence of their cognition and without using their views, one cannot sometimes get a preference among diverse concepts of the Quran that is due to the humanization of the realization and it often causes puzzlement and seduction in understanding the verses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Revolutionary tendency and technical Reflections in Abd al Rahim Mahmoud Poetries
Yahya Marouf Hamed Pour HeshmatiThe aim of the revolution poetry specifically resistance has been always been serving the hometown benefits and it's movement to strengthen the human nature is known as the basis of aesthetic inside human beings in order to empower it's own. The concept of Palestinian l MoreThe aim of the revolution poetry specifically resistance has been always been serving the hometown benefits and it's movement to strengthen the human nature is known as the basis of aesthetic inside human beings in order to empower it's own. The concept of Palestinian literature has been developed by starting poetry and could create new generation of resistance poets such as Abd al Rahim Mahmoud; the one who not only understood the Palestine events from the very beginning but also was deeply effective on his nation by his poems weapon. The present paper - which has been done in descriptive analytical method - aims to manifest his revolutionary tendency by images and concept he applied to awaken jihad spirit in his nation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Identify and rank financing methods that affect the financial performance of universities
Gholamhossein Nafisi Hassan Taee Hamidreza Arasteh Nader G.GhourchianThis study aims to identify and rank the methods of financing universities. The present study is a combined method of mixed exploratory research projects that was conducted in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, first, using qualitative g MoreThis study aims to identify and rank the methods of financing universities. The present study is a combined method of mixed exploratory research projects that was conducted in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, first, using qualitative group interview method, qualitative data were collected and based on them, the main areas of the research that were the financial resources of the university were identified. Then, a research design questionnaire was prepared and a descriptive-survey research method was considered to collect quantitative data. Accordingly, the present study in the first phase (qualitative phase) conducted a qualitative study and in this phase by reviewing and evaluating the studies and also in-depth interviews with experts in the field of financing, higher education economics and higher education management, the necessary information was collected. Sampling method at this stage was snowball sampling. After collecting the experts' answers and analyzing them, a list of indicators and components of each indicator regarding the pattern of financing methods in universities was extracted. Then, in the quantitative stage of the research, in order to evaluate and fit the proposed conceptual model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared based on the indicators and components of the model in the form of a 5-digit Ligert spectrum (from strongly disagree = 1 to strongly agree = 5). This questionnaire was given to a statistical population of 127 people who were randomly selected. In the second stage, in order to validate the identified financing methods, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. And screened model components and minor indicators were removed. As a result, after identifying the financing methods in order to prioritize these methods, fuzzy dimethyl methods and fuzzy network analysis were used. The result of this research is four main criteria and eighteen subsets of methods of financing universities that have been identified, ranked and proposed for implementation in the research process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Specific Performance for breach of contract in light of Egyptian Law and Ahle sonnat Jurisprudence
Hamid Miri gholam hossein afras saman motaghi shahryThe first obligee's remedy in the breach of contract case in both Egyptian law and Ahle Sonnat jurisprudence is his/her right of demanding of specific performance as the first effect of an agreement. Thus it has been predicated some remedies for breach of contract based MoreThe first obligee's remedy in the breach of contract case in both Egyptian law and Ahle Sonnat jurisprudence is his/her right of demanding of specific performance as the first effect of an agreement. Thus it has been predicated some remedies for breach of contract based on the type of contractual obligation by the legal and religious legislator. Therefore sometimes a contractual obligation is just performed by the law intent notwithstanding its debtor hasn't intended in it. It is also in some situations a court verdict does whatever obligator should have done although he/she has not presented in any of court proceedings. Occasionally debtor's property plays a role as tools for obligee to reach to his demand and in the other situations that obligation shall not be done except for debtor intervening, the contractual obligation will be performed by means of applying a legal force over her/his. Thus this method is not recognized as a general remedy in Egyptian law although there are several methods in Ahle sonnat jurisprudence in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - PCR-DGGE: a new technique in the world of microbiology
arvin tavakoliPCR-DGGE is one of the newest molecular methods. This technique separates co-size DNA fragments based on sequence differences and was originally devised to discover DNA polymorphism. PCR-DGGE uses in different fields of microbiology Such as medical microbiology, food mi MorePCR-DGGE is one of the newest molecular methods. This technique separates co-size DNA fragments based on sequence differences and was originally devised to discover DNA polymorphism. PCR-DGGE uses in different fields of microbiology Such as medical microbiology, food microbiology and industrial microbiology. In this method, after DNA extraction from the specimen, DNA is amplified by universal primers through PCR. Subsequently, the PCR is loaded on the DGGE gel containing denaturing gradient of urea and formamide and the electrophoresis is performed. The DGGE separates the DNA fragments that belong to different bacteria, which can be used for further analysis. Despite of some limitation such as length limit of considered DNA fragment, the PCR-DGGE technique can be used as a fast and efficient technique for many purposes in microbiology. In this study, following the introducing of PCR-DGGE method, we are going to investigate the advantages and limitations of this technique in microbiological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - An overview of microalgae harvest from aquatic environments using biological methods
Hasan Bakhtiari Reza Ansari Tadi Abo Ali GolzariBackground:The main habitat of microalgae is natural or man-made aquatic environments. Microalgae are used in the process of water and wastewater treatment or biomass production that can be used in the production of biodiesel, biofertilizers, supplements and feed for po MoreBackground:The main habitat of microalgae is natural or man-made aquatic environments. Microalgae are used in the process of water and wastewater treatment or biomass production that can be used in the production of biodiesel, biofertilizers, supplements and feed for poultry and aquatic animals. Microalgae extraction methods from aqueous medium such as gravitational deposition, centrifugation, filtration and screening, flotation, electrolyte separation and flocculation have been used. Methods: In the flocculation method, different flocculants have been proposed for the deposition of microalgae (sulfate and chloride compounds of metals such as iron, aluminum and zinc, cationic compounds such as cationic starch and biopolymers such as chitosan, etc.). Disadvantages such as the high amount of flocculants required, the production of wastes that need to be re-separated, the low sedimentation efficiency and the high price of flocculants have made the search for cheap. Results:Low-consumption flocculants without the need for re-separation seriously considered by researchers. Factors such as quantity and type Biofluccolants and environmental factors such as temperature, pH, mixing rate play a role in biofluctuation efficiency. Studies show that the isolation of microalgae in the bioflucculation method in some cases increases up to 99%. Conclusion: The present review shows that sedimentary microorganisms such as bacteria, diatoms and specific microalgae can be used as bioflucculants and microalgae can be harvested and isolated for various purposes in an environmentally friendly manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Role of the State Leader in Applying Public Diplomacy Relational Methods in the Country
Mohammad Sotoudeh Mohammad Ali SadeghzadehThe purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that MoreThe purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with regard to his role in the political-legal structure of the country, having religious authority in the Shi’ite world, and the existing potentials in the discourse literature of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the state leader by applying soft power and relational methods through gatherings, meetings, approaches, mass media, relevant institutions, cultural and educational organizations, and sending messages and letters to the audience, has an effective role in right detection and enemy recognition, revival of the Islamic ideology, spiritual propagation of the revolution, enforcement of smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preparation of resistance culture, and challenging the unjust nature of the international order in various aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Analysis and Study of the Books and Monographs of “ Adab-ol-Moridin” up to theThirteen Centrury AH
Naser Ahmadzadeh Mohammad Yosof Nayyeri Najaf Jokar Zarintaj VarediThe linkage among Persian literature and Islamic mysticism is so high that conducting any research in the most of literary works will be cumbersome in the absence of perception and understanding of Islamic mysticism. Carrying on leading research and studies on mysticism MoreThe linkage among Persian literature and Islamic mysticism is so high that conducting any research in the most of literary works will be cumbersome in the absence of perception and understanding of Islamic mysticism. Carrying on leading research and studies on mysticism owns a more focal necessity and importance specially in the field of mystic literature. "Adab al Moridin" or "Handbook of Disciples" is one of the written measures of mystical literature in the field of spiritual instructing and training of disciples and trainees in Tarighat (religious mysticism). This research is aimed at introducing these lesser known and observed resources. After finding, listing and academic reviewing of the same mystical handbooks and considering the absence of specific and significant record about the aforementioned "Adab al Moridin"s and shortage of resources we decided to examine and sctutinise the handbooks of mystical instructions Through recruiting and analysing existing" Adab al Moridin"s until the 13th century, the present research has led to the instructional methods of the Tarighat. It should be reminded that this research has not intended to enter into the creeds and foundations of Sufi thought and has sufficiently tried to examine the mores and manners of the disciples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Analysis and identification of verse linking methods in Hafez's lyric poems Using the theories of the last centuries Hafez's researchers
Zohreh Khalili Asghar Dadbeh Ahmad khiyali khatiniIn the feature of "connection" or "non-connection" in Hafez's lyric poems, there are two dominant and contradictory theories, "verse independence" and "continuity of meaning of verses".according to Shah Shoja's famous critique in Hafez's poems both theories has existed MoreIn the feature of "connection" or "non-connection" in Hafez's lyric poems, there are two dominant and contradictory theories, "verse independence" and "continuity of meaning of verses".according to Shah Shoja's famous critique in Hafez's poems both theories has existed in Hafez's living time and now, in our time these theories are in the center of attention for Hafez's researchers.The theory of the continuity of the verses of Hafez's lyric poems under the title of "logical sequence of verses" as opposed to the theory of "independence of verses" which by comparing Hafez's lyric poems to the surahs of the Qur'an and using the term "Pashan" in the group "Independence of verses", Offered many reasons to reject the "logical sequence of verses".In the last century, many Hafez's researchers have proposed theories in defense of "semantic coherence of verses", but the way each of them proposed to link Hafez's verses was different and sometimes contradictory to the other theories.In this research, while introducing and examining the views of Hafez's researchers in this field, an attempt has been made to identify and analyze their methods for connecting the poet's verses, because belief and commitment to "semantic continuity of verses" leads to better understanding and deeper knowledge in Hafez's poems.The statistical population of this research is the works of Hafez's researchers in the last century who have expertise on the "semantic continuity of verses" of Hafez's poem or have provided a way to connect Hafez verses. The sample size is all books, articles and sources that have been referred to in this research. the research method is descriptive-analytical and the theoretical framework, views and analyzes that believe in the semantic continuity of Hafez's verses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Wrap and Woof of Navelty (Artistic methods of saeb in creating new interpretations with emphasis on imagery techniqes first volume of the Divan)
مژگان خجسته Mohamad Hossein KaramiImagination is the intrinsic part of a poem and helps to enrich it. Undoubtedly one of the factors that increases the effectiveness of words of the poet is creating and choosing new and impressive interpretations which origins from the poet's imagination. Saeb, as the l MoreImagination is the intrinsic part of a poem and helps to enrich it. Undoubtedly one of the factors that increases the effectiveness of words of the poet is creating and choosing new and impressive interpretations which origins from the poet's imagination. Saeb, as the leader of poets in the Iranian branch of Indian style, is a powerful master in this important matter. This well-known poet has benefited from some new techniques for innovation in using elegant and appealing interpretations. For this matter he has used some various imagery techniques and new and different methods in order to create fresh interpretations with the help of his ambitious imagination and make a great impression on the souls of the readers. Saeb in spite of has benefited a lot from the expriences of the great poets prior to himself, especially Hafiz; however, he has followed a pioneer path and has used fresh similes, metaphors and allusions for generating brand-new images interpretations which do not exist in ancestral poetry; and although understanding them requires great contemplation , they have granted a new elegance and acceptability to his words. In this essay, we have worked on introducing the mentioned imagery formation and techniques and analysing some examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Synthesis, Spectral, Biological and Theoretical Investigation of Some New Sn (IV) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands Containing NNOS Coordination Sphere
Sheida Esmaielzadeh -
Open Access Article
96 - The Methods of Quasicrystals Producing
H Bakhtiari M Abaei M. R Rahimipour M Farvizi M. J Eshraghi -
Open Access Article
97 - A Study of the Effect of Communicative Methods and Auditor Professional Expertise on Employers' Response to Auditing Questions
Mehrdad Panahi Dorcheh Mahdi Nazemi Ardakani Mahnaz Norouzi AslBalkanlouPurpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of communicative methods and auditor professional expertise on employers' response to auditing questions. Method: The research statistical population consisted of all official auditors in the Iranian as MorePurpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of communicative methods and auditor professional expertise on employers' response to auditing questions. Method: The research statistical population consisted of all official auditors in the Iranian association of certified public accountants by the end of the first 6 months of 2020. According to the obtained statistics, the total number of participants was 550 and 1057 members respectively. The study sample by Morgan table and through random sampling was determined to be 225 and 285 among whom 205 members answered the questionnaire. The research method was descriptive-survey and its type was practical correlation. For data collection, a questionnaire was used and the hypothesis testing was conducted by Spss24.Findings: The results showed that there is a significantly negative relation between the method of sending audit questions and the partiality level of the employers' response to the auditor's questions. Besides, there's a significantly negative relation between the level of specialty of auditing questions and the partiality level of employers' response.Conclusion: Since the auditing process is related to humans and requires a suitable social relationship, auditors, in addition to specialized skills, should also improve their communicative skills to foster quality of work. Auditors ought to choose some communicative methods leading to their outstanding social presence and consequently less partiality of employers' response. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Teaching Arabic Language in Iran
Mohammad Nabi Ahmadi Ali Salimi It is Necessary to know that the curriculum of teaching a language isn't a local science, so we must utilize these new Teaching methods in the world. The old methods need to be developed and changed constantly so that we may not be faced with the More It is Necessary to know that the curriculum of teaching a language isn't a local science, so we must utilize these new Teaching methods in the world. The old methods need to be developed and changed constantly so that we may not be faced with the challenges of the new methods. For example, learning the second language according to the old methods like Grammar Translation Method is out of date in the world but we still use this method in spite of knowing the fact that it is useless. A glance at the English books and comparing them with the modern books indicates that there are attempts to modernize it. This essay tries to draw a picture of the desired situation to learn Arabic language in Iran. This aim can't be reached unless we know the situation of this language in Iran and its methodology in order to establish its practical bases. We must understand the defects of our educational systems and the reasons why our students can't speak Arabic fluently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Inspecting the Attenuated Telecommunication Signals Extraction in the Noisy Environments
Elham Mohammadzadeh Mehdi Zare Mojdeh MahdaviCommon methods of reducing signal distortion received at the output of telecommunication systems are generally based on linear methods. These methods have many limitations, including the inability to remove the noise inside the band. The purpose of this paper is to redu MoreCommon methods of reducing signal distortion received at the output of telecommunication systems are generally based on linear methods. These methods have many limitations, including the inability to remove the noise inside the band. The purpose of this paper is to reduce distortion and reconstruction of received weak signal and pull it out of the noise sea. In this paper, we employed averaging method to reduce distortion and improve the received signal. The analysis is performed and simulated in several scenarios and results show that in a certain number of channels, increasing the number of repetitions usually increases the signal to noise. Also, as the amplitude decreases in different experiments, the signal-to-noise decreases with constant repetitions. If the received signal amplitude is more than half of the noise amplitude, the main signal is extracted. However, if the signal amplitude is less than half of the noise amplitude, the main signal will not be extracted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Direct Kinematics Solution of 3-RCC Parallel Robot using a Semi-Analytical Homotopy Method
Seyyed Mojtaba Varedi-Koulaei Masoumeh Rahimi -
Open Access Article
101 - A Quasi-Analytical Method Algorithm Development in Redesigning the Geometry and Structural Analysis of An Aircraft Propeller and Comparing with the Finite Element Method
Behrooz Shahriari Hassan Izanlo Nedasadat SeddighiThe aircraft propeller is effective in the performance of the aircraft propulsion system and must have acceptable structural strength. The complex aerodynamic geometry of the propeller makes its analysis more difficult. In this study, dynamic and aerodynamic stresses ar MoreThe aircraft propeller is effective in the performance of the aircraft propulsion system and must have acceptable structural strength. The complex aerodynamic geometry of the propeller makes its analysis more difficult. In this study, dynamic and aerodynamic stresses are calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). A structural analysis algorithm based on the quasi-analytical method is developed to evaluate the finite element analysis. In this regard, first, an algorithm is developed to redesign the propeller which performs in a way that by checking the dimensions, the geometry of the quasi-propeller is determined with the same mass and the coordinates of the center of mass. Then, different algorithms are developed to calculate the distribution of mass, moment of inertia, and the cross-section of the quasi-blade geometry. The calculation algorithms of rotational dynamic and aerodynamic stress distribution are developed. The results show that the FEM and the quasi-analytical method are well matched. In this study, the force equivalent to the thrust and the opposite force to the propeller rotation are placed instead of the aerodynamic pressure distribution. The comparison of the results obtained from the quasi-analytical method and the FEM indicates that the overall maximum stress of the system occurs at the root of the propeller and the maximum net stress due to aerodynamic forces occurs in the middle of the propeller geometry. According to the results, the rotational dynamic stress is much higher than the aerodynamic stress. It is also shown that the aerodynamic stress reduces the overall stress of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Optimization of extraction methods for total polyphenolic compounds obtained from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale
Lida Eberle Alena Kobernik Aleksandra Aleksandrova Iryna Kravchenko -
Open Access Article
103 - The Effectiveness of Training Prophet Mohammd Practical Educational Methods on The Religious Thinking The Religious Beliefs and Attitudes and The Mental Health of High School Girl Students in Ahvaz City.
پرویز عسگری عنایت خلیقی سیگارودی علیرضا حیدری فرزانه یوسفیان فاطمه مرعشیانThe purpose of this research was to examin the effectiveness of training the practical educational methods of the prophet Mohammad on the religious thinking and attitudes, the religious beliefs and the mental health of high school girl students in Ahvaz. The sample cons MoreThe purpose of this research was to examin the effectiveness of training the practical educational methods of the prophet Mohammad on the religious thinking and attitudes, the religious beliefs and the mental health of high school girl students in Ahvaz. The sample consists of 80 girl students which were choosen selected by the use of cluster random sampling and they were divided in to two groups of 40 students , control and experimental groups.This research is an experimental type in which pretest and posttest are administered on the control group.The instruments used in this research were Aryan Thinking Religious test, Allport test and scl-25 test for considering the mantal health. At first , the pretest was administered to two groups. Then the experimental group participated in 17 sessions , each session was about 50 minutes. In these sessions the practical educational methods of the holy prophet was taught.After that,two groups were tested (post test) again .the results of multivariable variance on the Level (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of academic buoyancy and academic self-handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students mediating by adolescent perception of parenting educational methods
soheila sabzichy zabih pirani Firoozeh ZangenehThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of academic buoyancy and academic self- handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students through the mediation of adolescent perception of parenting educational methods by path analysis. The statistical MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of academic buoyancy and academic self- handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students through the mediation of adolescent perception of parenting educational methods by path analysis. The statistical population included students of Arak city who were studying mathematics, experimental and humanities in the Second Period public high schools and were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The number of sample people was considered as 719 students, considering the probability of failure in completing the questionnaires. Data collection tools included Academic Boyancy Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh & Hossein Chari), Academic Self- handicapping (ASHS) ( Schwinger & Stiensmeier-Pelster), Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction (MSLSS) (Huebner) and Adolescent Perception of Parenting Educational Methods (POPS)( Robbins). The obtained data were analyzed by the structural equation model of latent variable type. In order to verify the model's fit, the values of the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom, (RMSEA), (CFI), (NFI), (TLI), (IFI) and Cronbach's alpha were reported that indicate appropriate model reliability. Findings showed that buoyancy and academic self- handicapping have a direct and significant effect on life satisfaction and adolescent perception of parenting educational methods. The direct effect of the mediating variable on life satisfaction was also confirmed. By doing this research, by observing educational problems or lack of mental health and identifying the factors affecting it in students, appropriate programs can be implemented to increase life satisfaction in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Appraising the Relationship between Teachers’ Effectiveness and Teachers’ Productivity among Iranian EFL High School Teachers: A Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory Design
Azadeh Ghorbanzadeh Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Behzad Ghonsooly Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei -
Open Access Article
106 - The Impact of Task Types and Rating Methods on Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Scores
Shokouh Rashvand Semiyari Soghra Ahangari -
Open Access Article
107 - Investigating Translation Theories Course in Iranian Universities: Students’ Expectations and Perceptions in Focus
Samaneh Shahsavarzadeh Hossein Heidari Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
108 - Content analysis of business and technology, Social studies, Persian and Quran sixth grade books based on WiLiam Romey technique
marzieh dehghaniTextbook is the most important sources for learning, particularly in centralized educational systems. Therefore, in this study, content analysis method is used to determine problem centered and active involvement of learners in newly compilation Persian, social studies, MoreTextbook is the most important sources for learning, particularly in centralized educational systems. Therefore, in this study, content analysis method is used to determine problem centered and active involvement of learners in newly compilation Persian, social studies, Quran, and business and technology sixth grade books, year 1391 based on William Romey techniques. According to this analysis, three components of student involvement in "text", "questions" and "image" of the book is considered. In the analysis of text, questions and images of social studies book, 978, 139 and 215 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images are calculated 0.03, 0.6 and 0.07. Results showed that only questions are in the technique determined range from 0.4 to 1.5 and this explains activeness of questions. In the Quran book, the analysis of text, questions and images, 610, 404 and 41 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images were calculated 0.03, 2.72 and 0.1. Only questions were in the specified Romey range. In text, questions and images analysis in the Persian book 850,108 and 44 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images were calculated 0.03, 2.72 and 0.1. Only questions were in the specified Romey range. In the analysis of text, questions and images of business and technology book, 677, 132 and 183 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images were calculated 0.9, 2.3 and 1.2 and all three items were in Romey range. Rate of learner’s involvement with question s in all four books showed over limit involvement, in other words questions in all book contents were active. Content analysis of texts and images in Persian, social studies and Quran books showed that these books images and texts were adjusted inactively. Content analysis of business and technology book show activeness in test, question and image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Pathology of teaching methods in teaching and learning process: from the view point of teachers and students in Isfahan high school
afsaneh abdoli ebrahim mirshahjafari javad liaghatdar fatemeh zeynoddiniThe purpose of this study was identifying pathologies in teaching methods in Isfahan high school. Hence, descriptive- survey method was used. The statistical population of this research included teachers and students of Isfahan high schools, who had been educating MoreThe purpose of this study was identifying pathologies in teaching methods in Isfahan high school. Hence, descriptive- survey method was used. The statistical population of this research included teachers and students of Isfahan high schools, who had been educating in academic year 85-86 whose number were as 8097 teachers and 140250 students. By means of cluster sampling and stratified random sampling as well as evaluating the falling measure of the test; sample size was estimated as two groups of 110 and 240. Then, by eliminating problematic questionnaires, 95 teachers and 206 students were selected as the statistical sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which included 20 closed questions in Likert range and an open question. Reliability coefficients of the teachers' and students' questionnaires were measured as 0/99 and 0/98, using Alpha Corn Bach, respectively. Also to measure the questionnaires' validity, content-dependent method was used. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and inferential ones were utilized. The findings showed that measure of pathology teaching methods from the view points of the teachers and the students was more than the average level. From the teachers' view points, the most destructive factors were as "lack of teachers' care to teaching practical skills" and "teachers' professional and scientific low level". Most of damages from the prospective of the students, also, were related to "the teachers' high expectation of students", "disregarding the spontaneous responses of students", and "lack of attention to the interests of the students". Further results also showed that there were significant difference between the teachers' and the students' attitude toward existing issues. Based on their gender and educational background, the teachers expressed different idea, too, but no significant difference was observed based on the teachers' degree. Also, there was a significant difference between students' opinion based on their majors and the area of their education, but no significant differences was found based on their gender and grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effect of Educational Science Education Method on Academic Achievement and Problem Solving Skills in the 6th Primary Students of a District in a City of Yazd
alimohamad okhovat Gholam Reza Ahmadi Ahmad Ali Foroughi AbariThe purpose of this study was the evaluate of theeffect inveness of teaching based on research oriented on school achievementand problem solving skill. The research method was quasa exprimental. Thepopulation consisted of all 6th grader students and the sample was anele MoreThe purpose of this study was the evaluate of theeffect inveness of teaching based on research oriented on school achievementand problem solving skill. The research method was quasa exprimental. Thepopulation consisted of all 6th grader students and the sample was anelementary school which randomly was selected. Among all 6th grader students 30students who were ready to participate in this study were randomly divided totwo experimental and control group. The instruments included standardquestionnaires and problem-solving skills Heppner and CRASKOF (Heppner, 1988)and test scores in science class teacher and the validity of alpha valuesbetween 0.72_ 0.85 and subscales (0.72.PC ,0.84 AA, 0.85 PSC) and 0.90 For theoverall scale and reliability through Cronbach's alpha in the range 0.83 to0.89 calculated. The validity of teacher-made tests regarding the number ofscience teachers and one who teaches history of science at the University ofeducators were determined. To determine the reliability of the test with ahistory of two teachers and science education experts were asked toindependently test 20 sheets of papers to correct. Agreement coefficient wascalculated between two corrector 0.87 Both group completed HEPS and CRASKOFproblem solving questionnaire and the science test as pre- test. Theexperimental group received 24 sessions of teaching science based on researchoriented method, while the control group were taught through traditionalmethod. Then both group received problem solving skill test and the sciencepost test. The data were analyzed using (SPSS19) T-test and CO-variance. Thefinding indicated that the experimental group in both school achievement andthe ability of problem solving were significanty better than control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A survey on the optimal strategies for effective participation of the parents and the public in schools
مریم افضل خانی مژگان عبدی پاکروانThis research through employing survey method investigates optimum methods in effective engagement of parents and the public in schools within 15 zone of Tehran Municipality in 2011-2012. Statistical population in this research includes all principals of the elementary MoreThis research through employing survey method investigates optimum methods in effective engagement of parents and the public in schools within 15 zone of Tehran Municipality in 2011-2012. Statistical population in this research includes all principals of the elementary schools within this zone (95) and 381 parent selected by using cluster random sampling method. In this research, the researcher seeks to find out about the impact of the constituents culture, information technology, financial dimensions, education and communication on attraction of parent’s engagement. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 23 closed questions in a five scales and also the answers to the questions are designed in Likert Scale. The questionnaire’s validity was examined using the views of scholars and experts, while its reliability was 0.82 according to the Cronbakh alpha. For calculation and analysis of the obtained data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, table and diagram) and inferential statistics (single-sample T test) were employed. The obtained results indicate a significant relationship between culture, IT, financial dimensions, education and communication of the executive staffs and parents. In addition, the relationship of engagement with culture and IT with a mean of 22.9 and 11.6 respectively has been found the strongest and weakest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Comparison the effect of problem- solving and discovery teaching methods on the social problem-solving skills of female students
asad adib neia yahya mohajer sakine sheikhpoorTThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of active teaching methods on the social problem solving skills‚ and comparison of the impact of teaching method of problem solving and discovery on social problem– solving skills of the fifth grade primar MoreTThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of active teaching methods on the social problem solving skills‚ and comparison of the impact of teaching method of problem solving and discovery on social problem– solving skills of the fifth grade primary students in Kerman city. The research tool is a questionnaire which its test-retest reliability was between 0.68 to 0.91 and its alpha coefficient was between 0.69 to 0.95. The results showed that the grades of post- test performed for both groups of teaching method of problem solving and teaching method of discovery have a significant difference in the level of 0.05 with controlling pre-test influence statistically and it improves the average value of problem solving method more than this value in the discovery methods in these students by 95 percent. Significant difference has been showed between social problem solving in the aspect of positive and negative orientation and in the aspect of being careless/ impulsiveness in those students who were taught by problem. Solving method with those students who were taught by the discovery method did not confirm. Significant difference in social problem solving in the aspect of reasonable solution of problem and aspect of avoidance method in those students who were taught by problem-solving method with those students who were taught by the discovery method benefit to problem solving comfirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Comparing the Impact of Team Memebers Instruction on Students' Learning-Teaching with Restatement Teaching Method: The Case in Ilam Farhangyan University
Mirhamzeh Karami Bahman Saeedipoor Mohammad reza sarmdi mehran farajollahiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education on the method of teaching team members on the level of learning and teaching of students in Farhangian University of Ilam and compare it with teaching method. This research was carried out using quasi- MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education on the method of teaching team members on the level of learning and teaching of students in Farhangian University of Ilam and compare it with teaching method. This research was carried out using quasi-experimental method. The statistical population of this study was all students of Farhangian University Ilam (that Their number was about 500 peaple in 18 classes.) To conduct the research, a 32-member class was selected as the control group, and a 27-membered class was selected as the experimental group. From this class, 16 were taught in a team-based manner and 16 were taught in the form of recipe teaching. Finally, the test scores of student-learner learning and communication skills were compared with the control group. In this research, three hypotheses were used to study the effect of two types of education. The first hypothesis, the study of the results of two types of training on the amount of learning and teaching, in the second hypothesis, the results of the integration of the two methods into learning and teaching, and in the third hypothesis, the results of each The learning method was studied for deepening learning. The results of the study showed that the team teaching method had a more positive impact on the students' learning and teaching than the teaching method, because at the alpha level of 0.05%, the Pearson test was 0.018 in the team with team training and this level was low Terry is in reference to the teaching of a Pearson correction of 0.042. The results showed that the effect of integrating the teaching methods of team members and recounting the differences in students' learning and learning has been effective. Also, among the teaching methods of team members and recitation, students are encouraged to increase their deepening of learning (long-term learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The effect of active teaching method on academic performance in science: the case of 3rd grade junior high school students in Andimeshk city (2010-2011)
فیروز میردریکوند غلام رضا حسین نژاد مجید علی عسکری مرزبان ادیب منشThe present study examined the impact of active teaching method on academic performance of students in science classes in Andimeshk city. The statistical population included all science teachers and students. Among whom12 teachers and 288 students were selected by syste MoreThe present study examined the impact of active teaching method on academic performance of students in science classes in Andimeshk city. The statistical population included all science teachers and students. Among whom12 teachers and 288 students were selected by systematic sampling and were categorized randomly into the control and experimental groups. Self-evaluation questionnaire specialized for active and passive teaching methods as well as researcher-made questionnaire focusing on students' academic performance were used to collect the data. The validity of the researcher- made test was verified by means of the experts of the field and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha as 0/93. By means of analysis of variance and factor analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests, data were analyzed. The results indicated that active teaching methods comparing to the traditional ones had more effect on the academic achievement of students. However, considering the gender, no significant difference was found between male and female students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Explanation for ignored the experiential curriculum, teaching methods and techniques in teacher training
faezeh nateghi yahya maroofi shahriyar heidariThe aim of this study is to investigate the ignored level of the experienced curriculum (perceptions and expectations) in a course called teaching methods and techniques; and identify factors affecting such perceptions and expectations among Shahid Modares Campus of Far MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the ignored level of the experienced curriculum (perceptions and expectations) in a course called teaching methods and techniques; and identify factors affecting such perceptions and expectations among Shahid Modares Campus of Farhangian University, Sanadaj. In this study, mixed method has been used. In the quantitative part, a descriptive method (survey type), and in the qualitative part, phonological method, have been used. The sample of the study consisted of 101 teacher students enrolled in the first semester of 2015-16. The sampling method was non-probability sampling in quantitative part, and it was purposful in qualitative part. A questionnaire created by the researcher was used for collecting data in the quantitative part, and semi-structured interview was employed in the qualitative part. The descriptive statistics and interpretive method were used for data analysis in quantitative and qualitative parts respectively. The results of the study indicated that 77 percent of the participants found the course interesting while 70 percent found it difficult, and about 78 percent of the students believed that they need to make more efforts in the course. The qualitative findings showed that three main factors - individual, educational, and social and external - were identified as the important factors in shaping the perceptions and expectations of the students in the course. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Effect of the Educative Methods Upon Mothersâ Attitude Change in Children Training Based on Khaje NasierAl-Din Toosi Viewpoint
Farzaneh Niknejad Sayed Hashem Golestani Sayed Ahmad AhmadiAbstract This paper deals with Khaje NasierAl-Din Toosi educative methods and their effects upon the mothers’ attitude change in children trainig. The study method was of experimental which used of pre and posttest along with test and control groups. The statistical pop MoreAbstract This paper deals with Khaje NasierAl-Din Toosi educative methods and their effects upon the mothers’ attitude change in children trainig. The study method was of experimental which used of pre and posttest along with test and control groups. The statistical population consisted of mothers of girl pupils studying in elementary schools in Isfahan. The statistical sample included mothers for test group and 30 mothers for control group who were selected stepwise randomly. The tool used to measure was an scholar-made questionnaire. Its reliability was %84 and %85 based on retest and alpha Kronbach, respectively. The results showed that Khaje NasierAl-Din Toosi educative methods had influences on the mothers’ attitude change in training their children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Effect of Teaching Physics by Technology âEnabled Active Learning (TEAL) Method onAcademic Achievement of High School Students
Mohammad Ahmadi Dehghotbadini Farhad Nazarifar Faramarz Malekian Ahmad Reza Akbari Amro Abadi. Fatemeh Zamanifard Behzad Shahbazi Firouzeh Sepehrian Fatemeh Nosrat Mahdi Abolghasemi NajafAbadi Maryam Narimani Saeed Rajaeepoor Narges Keshtiaray Mozafaredin Vaezi Zamaneh Rezaei Ali Reza Yoosefi Hadi Kamali Saghar SahebJamei Sayed Ebrahim Mirshah Jafari Mohsen Malekian Mohammad Javad Leyaghatdar Toraj Hosseini HafshajaniAbstract This research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by the Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) method on the academic achievement of high school students in physics by a quasi-experimental method. The research Population were the first grade f MoreAbstract This research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by the Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) method on the academic achievement of high school students in physics by a quasi-experimental method. The research Population were the first grade female students of Falavarjan high schools. The study was conducted by using two groups randomly-selected of high school students (each group with 28 students). The experiment group was taught by the TEAL method and the control group was taught by the traditional method. The academic achievement of the subjects were assessed by the teacher-made pre-test and post-test. The validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was established by cronbach's Alpha (α=0.86) coefficient (86%). The data was analyzed through inferential statistics (ANCOVA). The results showed that the academic achievement by the TEAL method have been higher than those using the traditional method of learning at the probability level of 0/001. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The relationship Between learning styles and preferred teaching methods of high school students in the town of meybod in educational year 90-91.
eshrat zamani zahra rayat narges saeidianThe main purpose of this researcgh was to investigate the relation beweeb students’ learning styles and their prefereed teaching methods in Iranian high schools. The statistical population was included all of high schools’ students in Maybod in 90-91 year th MoreThe main purpose of this researcgh was to investigate the relation beweeb students’ learning styles and their prefereed teaching methods in Iranian high schools. The statistical population was included all of high schools’ students in Maybod in 90-91 year that 325 students of them were randomly selected as the sample of study. The research method was descriptive and correlative one. . Gathered data was analyzed by using both descriptive statistical method such as using (frequencies, means and standard deviation) and inferential data analysis such as (Pearson correlation coefficients, Analysis of Varience and follow up tests). Findings of this study indicated that there is relation between students learning styles and their preffed teaching style. Findings of the study did not indicate any differences between students’ learning styles according to years and academic majors. Comparing the students’ learning styles and preferred teaching methods according to demographic information indicated that there was only differences between students’ learning styles and their preferred teaching methods according to their genders. Girls’ learning style and preferred teaching method were more audio than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The tacit knowledge of secondary school English language teachers of qualitative evaluation: with emphasizing on self-test methods and work folders
shadi nosrati mahbobeh khosravi mostafa ghaderiThe aim of this study is to analyze the tacit knowledge of high school English language teachers of qualitative evaluation methods (with emphasis on self-examination and portfolio usage) that its method is interpretive phenomenology. The reseach population includes sele MoreThe aim of this study is to analyze the tacit knowledge of high school English language teachers of qualitative evaluation methods (with emphasis on self-examination and portfolio usage) that its method is interpretive phenomenology. The reseach population includes selected high school English language teachers of Shahriyar in the academic year 1397-1398. This study is based on the purposeful sampling of selecting the desirable cases and until saturation eighteen teachers (7 males and 11 females) were selected in which we would continue sampling to reach cases which no new information would be obtained. The teachers were semi-structured interviewed and they were analyzed by content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the instrument were verified using reliability, portability, verifiability and reliability. The results of the study showed that they do not accept the self-examination method as a valid method for evaluation and they do not take seriously the using of the portfolio. This study showed that the tacit knowledge of high school English language teachers in qualitative evaluation methods does not form a significant amount of tacit knowledge of teachers and their confidence in qualitative evaluation is low. Many teachers use quality evaluation as an adjunct to objective evaluation and to improve the learning process, and do not see quality evaluation as a serious method of evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - A Study on preschool children empowerment patterns and methods importance against social deviances
Mahshid Mehrjoo Mohamad Nouriyan Nozar Nakaee Darush norooziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the importance, patterns and methods of educating and empowering preschool children against social deviances, which has been done using a qualitative research approach and synthesis research method. The research field include MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the importance, patterns and methods of educating and empowering preschool children against social deviances, which has been done using a qualitative research approach and synthesis research method. The research field includes 94 internal articles from 1999 to 2019 with keywords such as Children's Empowerment, Preschool Education Importance, Injuries and Social Deviations, Preschool Curriculum, Life Skills and Social Skills, and 94 foreign articles from 1999 to 2019 which, after screening, 71 cases were selected as a research sample using purposive method. The results show that the necessity to empower children against social deviances can be classified into 10 categories: Emotional and personality development and mental health increasing, behavioral disorders reduction and individual and social adjustment increasing, self-confidence and individual independence increasing, individual abilities and creativity growth, individual, communication and social skills development, moral and educational necessity, development Child self-care, life skills and social relationships development and increase participation, educational and cultural necessities and economic necessities. Regarding the models and methods of individual and personality empowerment, two general models have been proposed by theorists: "children's personal and personality empowerment increasing " and " life skills and social skills improvement ". for the first model "training and strengthening self-awareness and self-knowing" "Psychological children empowerment and teaching religious beliefs and values" and for the second model, methods of "teaching life skills and teaching social skills" have been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The extent to which students and teachers of Farhangian University of Sanandaj have knowledge of teaching methods and techniques and identifying the factors affecting it
Shahriyar Heidari faezeh nateghi Yahya MaroufiThe aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which students and teachers of Farhangian University of Sanandaj have knowledge of teaching methods and techniques and to identify the factors affecting it. The research approach is a combination of sequential-expla MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which students and teachers of Farhangian University of Sanandaj have knowledge of teaching methods and techniques and to identify the factors affecting it. The research approach is a combination of sequential-explanatory and the research method in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey and in the qualitative part is phenomenological. The statistical population of the study consisted of 108 student-teachers who had taught teaching methods and techniques. Sampling in the quantitative part according to the research conditions of the census method (108 people) and in the qualitative part purposefully and among students whose score was a standard deviation higher and lower than the average (38 people) has been selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information in a quantitative part and a semi-structured interview was used in a qualitative part. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the information in a quantitative part of the statistics and interpretive analysis was used in the qualitative part to analyze the text of the interviews. Students' GPA was obtained from the test of 20.66 which shows that the level of learning and learning of student-teachers in this course is average. In the qualitative part, four main factors including the effect of teachers, the effect of classroom atmosphere, students' attitudes and social and external factors were identified as effective factors in learning the teaching methods and techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Knowledge Required by Math Teachers for Virtual Teaching in Third Grade Elementary
sedighe nosrati Fereshteh Afkari ehsan ekradiThe main purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge required by math teachers for virtual teaching in the third grade of elementary school (case study: teachers in region one). The research method was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The stud MoreThe main purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge required by math teachers for virtual teaching in the third grade of elementary school (case study: teachers in region one). The research method was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The study population consisted of 190 third grade elementary teachers in mathematics in district one of Tehran (non-governmental and governmental). Using random sampling method and based on Morgan table, the statistical sample size of this study was 124. In order to measure the variables, a researcher-made questionnaire was used by considering the indicators of teaching methods with 5 items, interaction and communication with 5 items, information and communication technologies. To evaluate the face validity, a questionnaire was provided to university professors and other available experts. In the second stage, the validity test was used to assess the content validity of experts in terms of the degree of coordination of the content of the measurement tool with the research purpose. After evaluating the validity, the internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha method) was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Inferential statistics including one-group t-test, chi-square and Friedman tests and SPSS 24 software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the real mean of all research variables was higher than the assumed mean (3) and this means that all variables of this research in the study population are agreed upon by teachers. Among these, assessment methods have the highest average (more important), followed by how to interact and communicate with students, information and communication technologies and teaching methods are the priority of teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The relationship between teachers' teaching methods and techniques with the mediating role of democratic social education competencies
parnian taghipour hoveyzi Aliakbar Shaikhi fini mahmoud mehrmohammadi seyed AbdulWahab samaviThis article amied to examine and determine the suitability of the educational techniques and methods employed in teaching democratic social education competencies through the explicit curriculum. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this purpose. This study focuses MoreThis article amied to examine and determine the suitability of the educational techniques and methods employed in teaching democratic social education competencies through the explicit curriculum. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this purpose. This study focuses on 13 professors from Farhangian University in Hormozgan province, serving as participants in the research. A combination of stratified and purposeful sampling methods was used to select the participants. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods. Semi-structured interviews and observation were used for the qualitative portion, while the quantitative part employed the demographic method and a checklist with 26 items and a 3-point Likert scale. The checklist was created by an observation researcher and had an estimated reliability of 84%. The one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data obtained from observing the teaching methods and techniques of the professors in the quantitative part. Thematic analysis and MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information for the qualitative portion. The results of the study indicated that the level of appropriateness for all competence components of democratic social education, except for spiritual, political, and technology-based competence was favorable. A noteworthy correlation was found between professors' scores in utilizing teaching methods to acquire competencies and demographic variables such as teaching experience, academic rank, and field of study. However, no significant variation was observed based on gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A Comparative Overview of Electronic Devices Reliability Prediction Methods-Applications and Trends
Frederick Ehiagwina Titus Adewunmi Emmanuel Seluwa Olufemi Kehinde Nafiu Abubakar -
Open Access Article
125 - Improvement of Accuracy of Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Local and Statistical Methods
Narges Savoj Bijan Shoushtarian -
Open Access Article
126 - Identification of the area under cultivation of Saffron using Landsat-8 temporal satellite images (Case study: Torbat Heydarieh)
Majid Rahimzadegan Mostafa PourgholamThe aim of this research is the identification of Saffron fields with Landsat-8 Satellite images in Torbat Heydarieh. In this regard, two approaches were utilized. The first approach was dealing with implementation of neural network, support vector machine, Mahalanobis MoreThe aim of this research is the identification of Saffron fields with Landsat-8 Satellite images in Torbat Heydarieh. In this regard, two approaches were utilized. The first approach was dealing with implementation of neural network, support vector machine, Mahalanobis distance, the minimum distance, maximum likelihood and parallelepiped classification methods to achieve land cover map. The second approach was to use normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) in the greenness peak time range of saffron. To prepare field data, coordinate and land cover class of 2587 points (1463 as training sample and others as tested) in a region with at least 30 m same land cover on January 25th, 2015 and May 9th, 2015 were recorded using a GPS receiver. Furthermore, statistics presented by ministry of Agriculture Jihad in the 2014-2015 crop year was used for evaluation. Two measures, including Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were used for evaluation of the results. Support vector machine classification with overall accuracy of 95% and a Kappa coefficient of 90%, was the best method of the first approach. It shows a difference of about 18% in saffron area comparing with Jihad statistics. On the other hand, NDVI as the best method of second approach shows an area of 7118 hectares which comparing with Jihad statistics (7550 hectares), shows the error of 5.7%. Hence, the results indicate the performance of temporal vegetation indices in identification of saffron fields according to its phenology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Spatial analysis of chemical parameters affecting groundwater quality using factor analysis and geostatistical methods (Case study: Bayza-Zarghan plain)
Hossein Behzadi Karimi Kamal OmidvarThe aim of this study was to determine the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the Bayza-Zarghan plain by using factor analysis technique and estimation of spatial distribution of quality parameters in ArcGIS software. Data of 12 water quali MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the Bayza-Zarghan plain by using factor analysis technique and estimation of spatial distribution of quality parameters in ArcGIS software. Data of 12 water quality parameters related to 27 wells were collected in summer, 2013. After normalizing the data, using factor analysis (FA), of hardness, salinity and water acidity, that accounted for 90% of the total variance in the data. The share of variables in each factor was determined after Varimax rotation, and two parameters with the most significant correlation with its factor was determined for each factor. The first factor, TH and Mg, the second factor, SAR and Na, and the third factor, pH and HCO3 were selected as the most important parameters in groundwater quality in the region. The results of definitive and geostatistical methods for estimating the above parameters were analyzed using the statistical criterion of RMSe. The results showed that for all variables other than pH, COKriging method is the most appropriate method. For TH and Mg, the G-Bessel model, for SAR and Na, the Rational-Quadratic model, for HCO3, the Exponential model, and for pH, the IDW model with power 1, had a lower error and increased the accuracy of the prediction significantly. Spatial zoning maps for the quality parameters indicated that TH, Mg, SAR and Na parameters reach the highest density in the southeast and the lowest density in the north of the plain. The pH changes show that its value is higher in the Banish area in north of the plain than in other areas. And in terms of HCO3, the northeastern and southern regions of the region are in poor condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Investigation of land use changes and its relationship with groundwater level (Case study: Ardabil plain)
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud Ehsan Ghale Elhameh EbadyBackground and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater re MoreBackground and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater reservoirs has led to the fact that the amount of feeder feed is not responsive to harvesting and the groundwater level has dropped. The drop in groundwater levels has led to problems such as drying up water wells, declining river and lake discharge, lowering water quality, increasing pumping costs and water extraction and land subsidence. Awareness of water level changes is necessary to understand the status of groundwater aquifers and their optimal management. By assessing groundwater level fluctuations, it can be used to manage water resources. One of the major applications of remote sensing is the detection and determination of land use changes. Using remote sensing, it is possible to study and identify various phenomena. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different land use on groundwater using interpolation geostatistical methods as well as object-oriented classification methods for land use mapping. Materials and Methods Ardabil plain is a mountainous plain located in northwestern Iran and east of the Azerbaijani plateau. The plain covers an area of 990 km2 among the highlands around it and in terms of political divisions includes parts of the cities of Ardabil and Namin. The data used in this study included a Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI surveyor for the 2015 land use map, as well as a Landsat TM 5 surveyor for the 1987 land use plan. Also, in this study, the groundwater depth data of 43 piezometer wells in Ardabil plain were used. In this research, after preparing the statistics of piezometric wells, the data reconstruction method was used to eliminate the deficiencies in the study data. Reconstruction, which was used only to correct deficiencies in the data, is an interpolation method performed by the Neural Power software (based on the artificial neural network). To normalize the data, logarithmic transformations were used in SPSS and GS+ software was used for geostatistical analysis. ENVI software was used for atmospheric and radiometric corrections and ArcGIS software was used to extract the layer map. Results and Discussion The largest area in 1987 belongs to the irrigated agricultural class with an area of 51840 hectares. The second area belongs to the rainfed agricultural class, which has the largest area with 48,790 hectares. The smallest area also belongs to the use of water with 88.65 hectares. Looking at the uses of 1394, the results showed significant differences in such a way that the use of irrigated agriculture with 10.17 hectares has increased significantly compared to 1987. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated and only the models that were more accurate than the other models were selected. The highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for agricultural agriculture and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Considering the land use map and the groundwater level map of 1394, the above analysis is confirmed and as it is known, the highest average water level this year belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to the use of the forest is 11.45 meters. Compared to 1987, water use has had a decrease in water level, which has reduced the water level of dams and also reduced the volume of water in rivers and even dried up several of these rivers. After water use, one of the most interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. Due to the fact that the Rain-fed crops in the study area are mostly wheat and do not need water or needless, but the amount of groundwater level in 2015 compared to 1987 has been accompanied by a significant decline. The use of pastures in 2015 compared to 1987 has dropped significantly, which indicates the critical situation of groundwater and excessive use of these resources. Conclusion In this study, in the first step, in order to classify and then examine the changes that occurred in a certain period of time in the study area. In order to classify the relevant images, An object-oriented classification method was used in eCognition software and the relevant outputs were extracted in ArcGIS software. Evaluation of classification accuracy for 2015 has a very high accuracy so that the overall accuracy and coefficient of the extracted Kapa at the highest possible level, the overall accuracy of 100% and the coefficient of Kapa 0.99 and for the year 1987 was extracted with less accuracy and general accuracy for In 1987, 98% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.95. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated. Due to ME and RMSE values, the curing method has higher accuracy than other methods. Among the various modes of the curing method, the Gaussian model has the highest accuracy. According to the results, the most changed use in this area has been the use of pastures in irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture. This change shows that the increase in the use of irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture in this area has been accompanied by a decrease in the use of rangelands, which indicates the destruction of pastures. According to the groundwater level map, the highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for irrigated agricultural use and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Also, the highest average water level in 2015 belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to forest use with 11.45 meters. One of the interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. In general, all uses in 2015 compared to 1366 have faced a decrease in water balance. As a result of these changes, farmers have made more use of groundwater resources, which has led to a drop in groundwater levels over a 28 years period in the study area. This overuse is enough to reduce the average level of the plain by 4.9 meters during the mentioned period. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.5.6 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Evaluation of RapidEye satellite data for estimation some quantitative structure variables in the Caspian forests of Gorgan region
Noureddin Noorian Shaban Shataee Jahangir MohamadiEstimation of quantitative forest attributes is important for its applications in order to understand the forest condition and performance. The aim of this study was the estimation of some quantitative forest attributes (stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density) MoreEstimation of quantitative forest attributes is important for its applications in order to understand the forest condition and performance. The aim of this study was the estimation of some quantitative forest attributes (stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density) using the RapidEye satellite data (2011) and non-parametric algorithms in the part of Hyrcanian forests in the Gorgan region. For this purpose, 418 plots each with an area of 1000m2 were established using a simple random sampling method. In each plot, information including a position of plot center, diameter at breast height of all trees and height of selected trees were recorded. Based on which the standing volume and basal area per ha were derived. A RapidEye image was processed by different synthetic bands derived from rationing, principal component analysis, texture analysis, and Tasseledcap, and the pixel gray values corresponding to the ground samples were extracted from spectral bands. These were further considered as the independent variables to predict the Quantitative characteristics. Modeling was carried out based on 75% of sample plots as training set using K-Nearest Neighbor, support vector machine, and random forest methods. The predictions were cross-validated using the left-out 25% samples. The results showed Random forest comparatively returned the best estimates for stand volume, basal area and tree stem density with root mean square error of 39.83%, 29.71%, and 50.11% and relative bias of 0.01, 1.69 and 2.11 as well, respectively. The results of this study also showed that due to the heterogeneity and density of Caspian forests, RapidEye satellite spectral data have a moderate ability to estimate the quantitative forest attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Application of multi-criteria decision-making methods in land use evaluation to determine municipal waste landfills location
Khadijhe Safari Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar RezaianBackground and Objective Recently, the use of GIS in urban planning has been developed with the rapid expansion of cities and the dramatic increase in the amount of information that must be processed for urban management. This study investigates the best landfill site f MoreBackground and Objective Recently, the use of GIS in urban planning has been developed with the rapid expansion of cities and the dramatic increase in the amount of information that must be processed for urban management. This study investigates the best landfill site for Zahedan city using the performance of decision support tools, Network analysis process (ANP) and Weighted linear combination (WLC) for weighting criteria, and map standardization methods based on Boolean and Fuzzy logic in the form of multi-criteria decision-making. Indeed, based on the variables' impacts in locating the waste landfill in Zahedan city, using multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) to weigh and prioritize and evaluate the effective factors are considered to identify the optimal location regarding the ecological potential of the region. The proposed model indicates the priorities of creating different types of decision-making during the evaluation analysis of the development capabilities of the study area.Materials and Methods Developing a multi-criteria evaluation method in a GIS environment to determine and estimate the capability of desirable landfills in Zahedan city is considered. Thus, by preparing a questionnaire by the Delphi method, 18 sub-criteria in two groups of criteria: 1. ecological criteria (Slope, altitude, soil, erosion, fault, precipitation, wind, direction, surface water, groundwater, vegetation, land use, and geology); 2. Socio-economic criteria (Distance from city, village, mine, airport, and road) is determined, and regarding expert's perceptions and using Network Analysis Process (ANP) in super decision software, weights of each criterion were calculated; and in the next step, the layers of criteria were evaluated in a database based on ArcGIS and stored as benchmark maps; and finally using the WLC method were considered to combine all layers to extract the map of a suitable landfill site in Zahedan city.Results and Discussion By fuzzifying 18 layers (criteria) with fuzzy logic and also applying constraints with Boolean logic, 18-layer maps are prepared and by merging layers with one of the common methods of weight linear composition in Multi-criteria decision, the final landfill location map has been explored. In terms of the spatial distribution of suitable landfills in Zahedan city, according to 5 categories of classification, it was found that the highest level of the region is categorized as the low capable class (99.76%) and suitable areas for landfilling in total is around 0.231, also no part of the Zahedan city has a very high or high capability for using as the landfill location, while around the city of Nusratabad, areas with very high and high capability are observed. It was also found that mainly lands with both low and medium capability, are located in the suburban areas of Zahedan and Nusratabad, with 22 units for the city of Zahedan and 35 units for the city of Nusratabad.Conclusion Reviewing the research literature shows the strengths of using a multi-criteria decision-making method to locate landfills, enabling the use of a robust set of interactive tools to regulate compensability between criteria, which allows a quick assessment of the relationship between the criteria. Other strengths of this method include the ability to integrate homogeneous data sets such as qualitative and quantitative criteria using specialized knowledge, the flexibility to select specific criteria for different study areas or various issues, to implement one or more decision-making groups, the flexibility to change the level of criterion importance and different choices for acceptable levels of decision-making risks. By comparing the final outputs related to other areas, it can be concluded that the final results are close and the method is suitable for landfill locations everywhere. Therefore, it is suggested that for other areas, the evaluation of land capability should be examined with the proposed method in this research. However, since the location of landfills by different criteria and the influence of public opinion depends on scientific analysis, we assume that this method has significant potential to support the decision-making complexities of real-world applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Software risk prediction by Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm and Machine learning
bahar ahmadi Hadi Khosravi-farsani Taghi Javdani GandomaniSoftware development can be considered an activity that uses various technological advances and requires high knowledge. For this reason, every software development project contains elements of uncertainty known as project risk. The success of a software development pro MoreSoftware development can be considered an activity that uses various technological advances and requires high knowledge. For this reason, every software development project contains elements of uncertainty known as project risk. The success of a software development project is highly dependent on the amount of risk associated with each project activity. Therefore, as a project manager, awareness of risks is not enough. In order to achieve a successful outcome, a project manager must be able to identify, then evaluate, prioritize, and ultimately manage all major risks.Risk management is a process to identify, eliminate and predict possible risks. In other words, this process is related to all the activities that are done to reduce the uncertainty associated with specific tasks or events. Risk management focuses on identifying risks and dealing with them appropriately. Projects have individual or general risks. Some of these risks are related to a specific activity and others to the project. Usually, risks are first identified and associated with project activities. Determining how people behave to achieve strategic activity goals is to identify risks. One of the methods of improvement is to take help from new algorithms and use machine learning techniques in the process of identifying or predicting possible risks.The use of different algorithms and techniques to identify software risks has always attracted the attention of experts. In this study, the grasshopper optimization algorithm has been used to improve classification accuracy and increase accuracy as well as reduce specificity. In this method, by combining the proposed algorithm with the support vector machine algorithm, it is used to obtain better and more acceptable results in data with large dimensions in order to reduce the dimension and also select the feature, which has attracted the attention of many researchers.The grasshopper optimization algorithm has not been used in the risk prediction system of software projects, the obtained results have shown that this proves the applicability and strength of the grasshopper optimization algorithm for solving problems with unknown and real search spaces.The purpose of this study is to predict the risks of software projects with the help of the grasshopper optimization algorithm. In this method, feature selection and reduction is done by the grasshopper optimization algorithm, and vector machine classification methods are used to classify risk and features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - An Overview of Common Post-Processing Methods in Random Number Generators with an Emphasis on Use in Renewable Systems
Mohsen MousaviOne of the main components in the security of cryptography systems is random numbers. Random numbers are often used in the generation of secure keys, digital signatures, and other cryptographic systems. Random numbers generated by an algorithm are called pseudo-random n MoreOne of the main components in the security of cryptography systems is random numbers. Random numbers are often used in the generation of secure keys, digital signatures, and other cryptographic systems. Random numbers generated by an algorithm are called pseudo-random numbers. Although pseudo-random numbers have good statistical properties, they have the problem of periodicity. For this reason, to generate random numbers, the true random number generator method is used, which uses a physical entropy source to generate random numbers. In the real random number generator method, due to the instability of electric circuits, a post-processing step is needed so that the generated numbers have acceptable statistical characteristics. In this paper, an overview of the common post-processing methods of random number generators has been done, so that some of the introduced methods are also used in the generation of quantum random numbers. An important point is the role of renewable energies in the design and construction of devices with limited computing power. For this purpose, in the final part of this article, a fast and optimal post-processing method is introduced in terms of hardware implementation, which can be used in mobile phones, smart cards and devices that have limited computing power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Investigation of Stress State of the Layered Composite with a Longitudinal Cylindrical Cavity
V. Yu Miroshnikov -
Open Access Article
134 - Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Impact and Damage on Composite Sandwich Panels with Grid-Stiffened Core
J Faraji Shoaa A Davar J Eskandari Jam M Heydari Beni -
Open Access Article
135 - Plane Wave Propagation Through a Planer Slab
R Kakar -
Open Access Article
136 - Free Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Sandwich Panels with Flexible Cores Using an Improved Higher Order Theory
K Malekzadeh Fard H Malek-Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
137 - Implementing the New First and Second Differentiation of a General Yield Surface in Explicit and Implicit Rate-Independent Plasticity
F Moayyedian M Kadkhodayan -
Open Access Article
138 - Analysis of Laminated Soft Core Sandwich Plate Having Interfacial Imperfections by an Efficient C0 FE Model
R.P Khandelwal A Chakrabarti P Bhargava -
Open Access Article
139 - Efficiency the concept effective order & combination of Runge-Kutta Methods
Razieh Ketabchi -
Open Access Article
140 - Modeling, simulation and analysis of a multi degree of freedom aircraft wing model
Xueguang Bia Yucheng LiuThis paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil sy MoreThis paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil system. Different airspeedconditions are considered in establishing such methods. The accuracy of thepresented methods is verified by comparing the estimated aerodynamic forceswith the actual values. A good agreement is achieved through the comparisonsand it is verified that the present methods can be used to correctly identify theaerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft wing models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The combined Sinc-Taylor expansion method to solve Abel's integral equation
M Fariborzi Araghi Gh Kazami-GelianIn this paper , numerical solotion of Abel's integral equationby using the Taylor expanssion of the unknown functionvia collection method based on Sinc is considered...In this paper , numerical solotion of Abel's integral equationby using the Taylor expanssion of the unknown functionvia collection method based on Sinc is considered... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The Initial Designing & Modeling of the ECU of LOGAN Series Automobile Based on Environmental Disturbance Fault Tolerant Using a Combination of Methods SPRIT3E & TMR
mohammad reza Ebrahim zade -
Open Access Article
143 - Evaluation of Monetary and Fiscal Policy Based on New Keynesian Dynamic General Equilibrium Model in Iran’s Economy
Maryam Sharifnezhad Sadegh Bakhtiari Koohsorkhi Sara Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
144 - Predicting Stock Price Crash Risk with a Deep Learning Approach from Artificial Intelligence and Comparing its Efficiency with Classical Predicting Methods.
Meysam Rahmati Ehsan Taieby SaniPurpose of this research is Predicting Stock Price Crash Risk with a Deep Learning Approach from Artificial Intelligence and Comparing its Efficiency with Classical Predicting Methods. This research is post-event correlation type and practical in terms of purpose. The r MorePurpose of this research is Predicting Stock Price Crash Risk with a Deep Learning Approach from Artificial Intelligence and Comparing its Efficiency with Classical Predicting Methods. This research is post-event correlation type and practical in terms of purpose. The research data were extracted from the website of the Stock Exchange Organization and Codal website. The risk variable of crashing stock prices was introduced as a predictor. 3200 obser-vations were obtained from 10-year data of 320 companies between 2012 and 2021. In the following, 29 variables were identified as variables that can affect the risk of crashing stock prices. Statistical methods such as unit root test, composite data, Hausman test and variance heterogeneity test were used. Next, the top 10 algorithms in the field of deep learning were selected and used to model the mentioned variables with the CNN method. Python, Eviews and Excel software were used in this research. Examining the performance of different deep learning algorithms shows that the convolutional neural network method performs better compared to other algorithms and can improve the prediction accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to use this algorithm in reviewing econometric data and especially predicting the risk of crashing stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Alternating Direction Explicit Method for a Nonlinear Model in Finance
Sima Mashayekhi -
Open Access Article
146 - Comparison of several sampling techniques to estimate population densities of the grape leafhopper Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Hem., Cicadellidae)
M. Latifian H. Seyedoleslami J. KhajealiSeveral sampling techniques including sweeping net, D-Vac traps for adults and three different methods of nymph counting (direct count, leaf washing and suction method) were compared in two vineyards in Isfahan, in 1996-1997. Adult grape leafhopper were sampled weekly b MoreSeveral sampling techniques including sweeping net, D-Vac traps for adults and three different methods of nymph counting (direct count, leaf washing and suction method) were compared in two vineyards in Isfahan, in 1996-1997. Adult grape leafhopper were sampled weekly by sweeping net (10 sample per vineyard) and D-Vac apparatus (10 samples per vineyard each sample unit consisted of 3 minutes suction). Number of nymphs was recorded weekly on leaves. Sample unit was three leaves per tree taken from three strata in the vine canopy of 10 trees. Two parameters including relative variation (RV) and relative net precision (RNP) were used for comparing the sampling methods. Results showed that the best duration time of sampling unit to catch adults was 120-180s by D-Vac. Sweeping net (RV= 18.87 and RNP=2.88) was more suitable than D-Vac in IPM sampling program for the method using D-Vac apparatus. D-Vac was more suitable for studying the adult population fluctuations because of a minimum RV during the season. But its sampling costs was more than other methods. Washing method (RV= 2.9 and RNP= 13.3) was more suitable than direct counting and vacuum in IPM sampling program for nymphs. All three methods were suitable for ecological studies of nymphs but their efficiencies were different for different nymph instars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Study on the efficacy of different control methods of vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae) in Qom province
H. Valizadeh H. FarazmandVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults MoreVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults appear from mid May in Qom region. Three insecticides: Diazinon (10% granule), Carbaryl (Sevin® 85%) and Imidacloprid (Confidor® SC350) by soil application and gardening activities (pruning of top branches and shoveling of soil under vines) were compared. In this study The treatments were compared with the number of nymphal exuviae under vines and grape vine yield. The results showed that the maximum number of nymphal exuviae was recorded on the control treatment (14.2) and the minimum was on trees using the treatment of Imidacloprid (4.9). The highest and lowest of grape yield were recorded in Imidacloprid (54.1 kg) and control (15.7 kg) treatments, respectively. Based on treatments ranking, application of Imidacloprid (20 ml at each vine tree) at nymphs emergence time from soil was effective in decreasing of vine cicada damage and increasing of the grape vine yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A review of some studies on the effects of various irrigation methods on some oilseeds
Mostafa Mobasher Najme YazdanpanahAbout 70% of the world's population's food comes directly from crops, of which the important role of oilseeds can not be denied. Oil consumption in Iran has increased in recent years due to population growth and per capita consumption, so that considering the per capita MoreAbout 70% of the world's population's food comes directly from crops, of which the important role of oilseeds can not be denied. Oil consumption in Iran has increased in recent years due to population growth and per capita consumption, so that considering the per capita consumption of 14 kg, about 750,000 tons of oil is needed annually. However, less than 10% of this oil is produced domestically. Due to this issue, oil production through rapeseed cultivation has been considered in recent years. Drought is a threat to the successful production of crops worldwide. Drought occurs when a combination of physical and environmental factors causes internal stress in a plant and reduces production. Water stress has a negative effect on many plant processes, including photosynthesis, evaporation, accumulation and allocation of precursors, and causes a significant reduction in crop production. Therefore, one of the ways to maximize water use efficiency and increase yield per unit of water consumption is low irrigation, in which the crop is subjected to water stress at a certain stage of development or throughout the development season. On the other hand, the positive effects of potassium in increasing the resistance of plants to dehydration stress have been reported by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Relationship between Rare Earth and Radioactive Elements
Seyyed Saeed Ghannadpour Ardashir Hezarkhani -
Open Access Article
150 - Asbestos Presence in a Factory that Produced Asbestos-Containing Products
H. FajkovićIn 2007, research was carried out to determine the type and amount of asbestos fibers in a Croatian factory with a long history of making asbestos-containing products.Since the 1970s, asbestos fibres have been considered carcinogenic in humans i.e as a known cancer-caus MoreIn 2007, research was carried out to determine the type and amount of asbestos fibers in a Croatian factory with a long history of making asbestos-containing products.Since the 1970s, asbestos fibres have been considered carcinogenic in humans i.e as a known cancer-causing agent. In the environment, asbestos fibres are inactive and naturally resist biodegradation. In time, fibres can only be ground into smaller particles by mechanical force. These small particles in the air present a health hazard. Because of their small size, shape and durability, asbestos fibres can easily be inhaled and stick to the lung tissue, causing serious respiratory problems. Among these are diseases with long latency periods of 10 to 40 years such as: asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer. Asbestos is the generic, industrial name for a group of six minerals determined by common size and inherent physical properties. Crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite are all asbestos minerals from the amphibole mineral group. The sixth mineral, chrysotile, is a mineral from the serpentine mineral group. Asbestos fibres are particles longer than, or equal to, five μm with a length to width ratio greater than or equal to 3:1; however, the ratio can be higher than 20 or even 1000. They are inflammable, thermally stable, resistant to biodegradation, chemically inert to most chemicals and have low electrical conductivity. Because of these attributes, asbestos was heartily embraced in industrial production.Different methods are used to determine the type and quantity of asbestos fibres in the air. Some of the most common methods and instruments are: polarizing light microscopy (PLM), phase contrast optical microscopy (PCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), analysis with electron diffraction spectra (SAED) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Some of above-mentioned methods (PCM, PLM, XRD) are currently popular due to their low cost, but using these methods exclusively could lead to false estimates of asbestos levels. It is hard to distinguish asbestos fibres from certain other fibres like artifacts, organic or inorganic. Therefore, it is important to observe not only the habit of minerals, but also the chemical composition of them. A combination of SEM and EDS gives information about both the habit and the chemical composition of the observed fibers, and so is suitable for asbestos analysis. Different methods of analysis are displayed and compared in this paper. Analyses were made using SEM with EDS and XRD. All samples were collected in working areas of a factory which used asbestos in production. Presence of different types of asbestos was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Offering a New Algorithm to Improve the Answer-Search Algorithm in Quadratic Assignment Problem
Kiyana Salehi -
Open Access Article
152 - Identification and Evaluation of the Risks of Information and Communication Technology Projects
Maryam Teimoorirad Ali Reza Azizi -
Open Access Article
153 - Predicting marital and communication disorders based on parenting methods and emotional instrumentation of couples in Kermanshah
bahar khaksariToday, one of the achievements of the evolution of the family institution is the turmoil that is seen in the relationship between couples. Objective: The aim of this study was to predict marital disturbances based on parenting styles and emotional expression with marita MoreToday, one of the achievements of the evolution of the family institution is the turmoil that is seen in the relationship between couples. Objective: The aim of this study was to predict marital disturbances based on parenting styles and emotional expression with marital disturbances of couples in Kermanshah. Method: The method of descriptive research is correlational. The statistical population of the present study included women with marital disorders who referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah in 2021-2022, whose number was over 500 people. The sample in the present study according to Morgan table 120 people were randomly selected from counseling centers in Kermanshah and with the consent of those couples who were willing to cooperate in the study to Bamrind parenting methods questionnaire (1973) , King & Ammons (1990) Emotional Expression, and the Wiseman et al. (2009) Marital and Communication Disorder Scale responded virtually. Results: The results obtained using regression and Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the components of careless, authoritarian and logical authority methods, expressing positive emotion, expressing intimacy and expressing negative emotion have the ability to predict marital turmoil. . Also, the components of careless, authoritarian and logical authority methods, expressing positive emotion, expressing intimacy and expressing negative emotion have a significant negative relationship with marital turmoil. Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be said that negligence, authoritarianism and logical authority, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Role of Emotion Cognitive Regulation in Relationship between Coping Practices and Social Health in Employees of Mothers of Children with special needs
navid Noori Reza GolpoorAim: Cognitive regulation of emotion plays an important role in social relationships and can affect the social health of society. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between coping method MoreAim: Cognitive regulation of emotion plays an important role in social relationships and can affect the social health of society. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between coping methods and social health in mothers of children with special needs. Method: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method, and the statistical population of this research was all mothers with children with special needs in Nowshahr city. The sample size was 148 people who were selected by simple random sampling based on Morgan's table. In order to collect research data, Lazarus and Folkman (1988) Coping Style Questionnaire, Gross and John (2003) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Keyes Social Health Questionnaire (2004) were used. In order to analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient and path analysis were used with SPSS version 24 and Amos version 23 software. Findings: The results showed that the cognitive regulation of emotion has a mediating role in the relationship between coping methods and social health (p<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the cognitive regulation of emotion plays a mediating role in the relationship between coping methods and social health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigation of the interaction between Aripiprazole drug with calf thymus DNA: spectroscopic and molecular docking studies
Saba Hadidi -
Open Access Article
156 - Solvent Free Synthesis of tetra alkyl- phenyl-1H-pyrimido [4, 5-e][1,3,4]Thiadiazine-3,7-diamines
mohammad kazem mohammadi -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluation of the effect of levetiracetam drug on BSA structure
saba Hadidi -
Open Access Article
158 - مقایسه روشهای تجربی محاسبه تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل در اقلیم نیمه مرطوب معتدل سرد (مطالعه موردی: شهرهای بروجن، شهرکرد، کوهرنگ و لردگان)
کبری خیری شلمزاری امیر سلطان محمدیروش پیشنهاد شده برای محاسبه تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل روش فائو پنمن- مانتیث است اما روش های دیگری نیز وجود دارند که نیاز به داده های هواشناسی کمتر اما برآورد نزدیک به روش فائو پنمن مانتیث در شرایط اقلیمی مختلف را دارند. بررسی عملکرد این روش ها لازمه انتخاب آن ها به عنوان روش ج Moreروش پیشنهاد شده برای محاسبه تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل روش فائو پنمن- مانتیث است اما روش های دیگری نیز وجود دارند که نیاز به داده های هواشناسی کمتر اما برآورد نزدیک به روش فائو پنمن مانتیث در شرایط اقلیمی مختلف را دارند. بررسی عملکرد این روش ها لازمه انتخاب آن ها به عنوان روش جایگزین با توجه به داده های موجود می باشد. در این تحقیق مقادیر روزانه تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل در دوره زمانی 21 ساله (2015-1994 میلادی) با استفاده از روش های تجربی کوپایس، تورگ، هارگریوز، هارگریوز سامانی، ریتچی، ایرمک و سه شکل معادله والیانتز برای چهار ایستگاه بروجن، شهرکرد، کوهرنگ و لردگان محاسبه و با مقادیر محاسبه شده با روش فائو پنمن مانتیث مقایسه شد. برای مقایسه نتایج از ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا، خطای قدر مطلق و ضریب تبیین استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که معادله های ایرمک و والیانتز (RS, T,RH,U) بهتر از دیگر معادلههای تجربی در هر چهار ایستگاه تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل را برآورد کرد و معادله هارگریوز با 25/95 درصد خطای نسبی نسبت به معادله فائو پنمن- مانتیث تخمین بسیار ضعیفی از تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل را نشان داد. هچنین مقایسه مجموع تخمینهای حاصله از معادلات تجربی مشخص کرد که روش های ایرمک و والیانتز (Rs,T, RH,U) به ترتیب برای همه ایستگاه ها کارآمد ترین روش بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - ارزیابی و مقایسه بارش ماهانه محصولات ERA-Interim،PERSIANN-CDR،PERSIANN-CCS و CRU در استان خوزستان
رضا کوچکی علی شهبازی خیرالله خادمیکمبود و توزیع نامناسب ایستگاههای بارانسنجی یکی از چالشهای پژوهشگران علوم هیدرولوژی و آب وهوا شناسی است. در این پژوهش قابلیت بهکارگیری چهار محصول بارش شبکهبندی شده PERSIANN-CDR، PERSIANN-CCS،ERA-Interimو CRU بهعنوان مکمل یا جایگزین دادههای زمینی در مقیاس ماهانه Moreکمبود و توزیع نامناسب ایستگاههای بارانسنجی یکی از چالشهای پژوهشگران علوم هیدرولوژی و آب وهوا شناسی است. در این پژوهش قابلیت بهکارگیری چهار محصول بارش شبکهبندی شده PERSIANN-CDR، PERSIANN-CCS،ERA-Interimو CRU بهعنوان مکمل یا جایگزین دادههای زمینی در مقیاس ماهانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. این ارزیابی از طریق مقایسه با دادههای مشاهداتی و روشهای آماری صورت پذیرفت. بهمنظور بررسی توانایی برآورد بارش این چهار محصول از آمارههای ضریب همبستگی پیرسون (CORR)، اریبی (BIAS)، قدر مطلق خطا (MAE)، مجذور میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE)، مجذور میانگین مربعات خطای نرمال شده (NRMSE)و ضریب کارایی مدل (EF)استفاده شد. این نمایههای آماری بهصورت پهنهای و در قالب نقشه برای سطح استان استخراج شد. مشاهده شدPERSIANN-CCSدر سطح استان در تخمین بارش ناموفق بود و از قابلیت اطمینان ضعیفی برخوردار میباشددرحالیکه محصولات ERA-Interim،PERSIANN-CDRو CRUهمخوانی مناسبی با دادههای مشاهداتی دارند و روند بارش ماهانه با خطای کمی برآوردمیکنند. در برخی نقاط استان بارش PERSIANN-CDR از قابلیت اطمینان بسیار بالایی برخوردار بود اما درمجموع کمترین دامنه خطا و بیشترین قابلیت اعتماد از بین 3 محصول ماهوارهای یادشده برای بارش ERA-Interimبه دست آمد و در صورت نقصان و نبود منابع دادهای زمینی میتواندبهعنوان یک منبع دادهای جایگزین و کمکی بکار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Determining the optimal forecasting combination of the four-level supply chain to minimize the bullwhip effect
Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr Marzban Najafi Ramin SadeghianBullwhip effect that occurs in the chain, leads to inefficiencies such as excess inventory and overdue orders during the chain. These problems can be reduced by appropriate predictions. Forecasting must be done in all levels of a supply chain. This paper addresses the p MoreBullwhip effect that occurs in the chain, leads to inefficiencies such as excess inventory and overdue orders during the chain. These problems can be reduced by appropriate predictions. Forecasting must be done in all levels of a supply chain. This paper addresses the problem of optimal combination of forecasting to reduce the bullwhip effect in the four-level supply chain. For this purpose, a four-level supply chain is considered. One of the methods such as moving average, exponential smoothing, linear regression and multilayer perceptron artificial neural network can be considered for predicting in each level. First, the desired supply chain is simulated for this means. The different combinations of aforementioned forecasting methods are calculated. Then a combination of forecasting methods according to minimized bullwhip effects is selected. Finally, the results are analyzed by variance analysis model. Two combinations have the lowest bullwhip effects. Moving average, neural networks, exponential smoothing and linear regression for levels: retailer, wholesaler, manufacturer and supplier respectively as an answer and the other is: moving averages, exponential smoothing, neural network and linear regression in the same mentioned levels and other combinations have less utility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Comparing and Ranking of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms Using Group Decision Making Methods
Hojatollah Rajabi Moshtaghi Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Mohammad Reza MotadelIn recent years, meta-heuristic algorithms and their application in solving complicated, nonlinear and NP-hard problems have dramatically increased, while new algorithms have constantly being introduced. In this research, with the aim of ranking meta-heuristic algorithm MoreIn recent years, meta-heuristic algorithms and their application in solving complicated, nonlinear and NP-hard problems have dramatically increased, while new algorithms have constantly being introduced. In this research, with the aim of ranking meta-heuristic algorithms, using group decision making techniques (different from other research in this field), 5 algorithms including: GA, PSO, ABC, SFLA and ICA by 15 standard test functions, and considering 2 attribute: "mean of answers" and "run time", have been compared. Then they are ranked by 3 group decision making methods including: "Cook and Seiford", "Condorcet" and "Dodgson". In addition, as in ranking by "Condorcet" and "Dodgson" methods, sometimes some options posit the same rank, therefore, in this study; we presented a proposal to overcome the limitation. Then the algorithms with these proposed methods were ranked. Finally, the overall ranking is done using an allocation model our results show that the overall ranking is as follows, respectively: PSO, ICA, GA, ABC and SFLA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Providing a Method to Buffer Sizing Determination in Critical Chain of Project Scheduling (Case study: Suliran Co.)
Mohammad Mehdi Tavagho Hamedani Ahmad MakouieA critical chain is a novel approach in the domain of project management which has been developed to eliminate projects’ unfavorable impacts and their reasons. Also, it is used to increase resources performance and to utilize restrictions of project system. To sec MoreA critical chain is a novel approach in the domain of project management which has been developed to eliminate projects’ unfavorable impacts and their reasons. Also, it is used to increase resources performance and to utilize restrictions of project system. To secure project against probable disturbances time buffers were installed in different areas based on this approach. Thus, tensions of uncritical activities were kept to be transferred to critical chain and tensions of critical chain activities were prevented as well to be transmitted to project delivery time. In the present paper, a method to determine buffers size in the domain of critical chain was presented. The method fortified with such main characteristics as applying experts’ ideas throughout the work steps, as well as the simple implementing process. Even though the concepts proposed in this method are close to “Pert” method, the distribution function of activities time probability in the method was obtained according to experts’ ideas. Finally, the critical chain was conducted for designing, constructing, and installing of a steel structure in Suliran Company to assess the suggested method. Buffers size were estimated using two recognized methods in pieces of literature, Cut and Paste (C&P) method, Root Square Error (RSE) method, and the proposed method. Comparing with two mentioned methods, the presented method, as obtained results display, generates buffers with more protection against project's probable delays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - A Hybrid MCDM Model to Identify and Prioritize of Promotional Mix Tools in Plastic Industry
Ali Mohaghar Shahram Hashemnia Seyed Hojjat Bazazzadeh Roya EghbalMarketing is a process by which people exchange goods and meet their needs and demands. Marketing mix or 4p (product price, place, promotion) is a powerful tool that helps to advance marketing goals. The purpose of promotion is the activities by which the company gives MoreMarketing is a process by which people exchange goods and meet their needs and demands. Marketing mix or 4p (product price, place, promotion) is a powerful tool that helps to advance marketing goals. The purpose of promotion is the activities by which the company gives costumer good information about its products and encourages him/her to purchase. So, by prioritization of the components of promotion mix (Advertisement, Sale promotion, Public relations, Personal selling, Direct marketing) compatible with any business, increase in the sale can be achieved. The purpose of this study is to help managers in plastic industry companies in order to identify and prioritize mix promotional tools to improve their sale. For this purpose, 22 effective promotional tools in the plastic industry were identified with the help of library research and experts ideas. 105 head managers with at least 5 years of experience were examined. To collect the data, the researchers used a questionnaire with Cronbach Alpha with the range of 65-83 for all the items and the Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the experts. After identifying appropriate mix promotional tools by experts, they were prioritized by MADM methods (SAW, TOPSIS, ELECTRA, and LINMAP). As the results of mentioned methods were not the same, in order to reach a consensus, the researchers used mix methods called Copeland. The result of prioritizing by Copeland showed that TV advertisement, trade fairs (creating a special imagination in costumer’s mind by showing the product) and present sale of the product, have more priority relative to other tools. Based on the results, managers and marketers in the plastic industry will be able to identify the best mix promotional methods by the use of multi-attribute decision-making methods and so they can enhance their sale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Providing of the Motivational Model of Employee's Knowledge Sharing in the Manufacturing Companies Using of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Peyman Akhavan Heydar Amiran Akbar RahimiKnowledge sharing introduced as one of the major activities of knowledge management. Therefore, the successful implementation of knowledge management requires attention to these activities. Identifying the effective factors on employee's knowledge sharing behavior and t MoreKnowledge sharing introduced as one of the major activities of knowledge management. Therefore, the successful implementation of knowledge management requires attention to these activities. Identifying the effective factors on employee's knowledge sharing behavior and trying to supply them facilitate employee's knowledge sharing behavior. Several works introduced factors influencing on knowledge sharing including culture, organizational structure, motivations, and technology. With respect to the role of motivation as an important factor in knowledge sharing behaviors and the absence of a comprehensive motivation model in this regard, the Purpose of this study is to develop a model that measures the different influence motivational factors on employees Knowledge sharing behavior. The method, which has been used in this research, is descriptive and based on the correlation that has been done using survey method. The statistical sample formed of 325 employees working in defense industries in Tehran. The research data has been collected by questionnaire. Introduced model evaluated using of structural equation modeling (SEM) and Lisrel 8.8 software. The confirmed model showed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors and intention to methods of knowledge sharing were effective in knowledge sharing behavior. The findings showed the simultaneous supply of motivational factors and knowledge sharing methods interesting for employees facilitates employee's knowledge sharing behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Design a Hybrid Model of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques for Ranking the Bank Branches
Pegah Aminijam Milad Jasemi ZarganiDue to the importance of ranking bank branches and the lack of a comprehensive ranking model, which can lead to improved performance of the bank and the country economic growth, offering a hybrid multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for ranking among bank bran MoreDue to the importance of ranking bank branches and the lack of a comprehensive ranking model, which can lead to improved performance of the bank and the country economic growth, offering a hybrid multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for ranking among bank branches is necessary. However, with the passing of time, MCDM methods have helped a lot in the rankings. But the choice of which methods is accepted as the best solution is always an ambiguity. Since the comprehensive hybrid algorithm that can identify the top branches not provided, yet. This research is trying to achieve the final ranking of the branches. Thus the optimal solution is to introduce a hybrid algorithm that determines the optimal weights of the MADM methods by a linear model. This approach is especially applicable when we cannot prefer any ranking method to others. Thus, in this paper, the criteria weights are obtained using DEMATEL and ANP methods. Afterward, the bank branches are ranked using TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE II, SAW, WPM and DEA methods, each of which is important and significant. Finally, using proposed hybrid algorithm the optimal weights of different methods and the ranks are calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Application of Resampling Methods in Multivariate Cumulative Sum Control Charts
Abdol-Rasoul Mostajeran Amirhoussin AghajaniOne of the important tools for process control is control charts. Shewhart control charts only use the information about the process given by the last observed value of the control statistic and completely ignore any past information, thus they are memoryless and they c MoreOne of the important tools for process control is control charts. Shewhart control charts only use the information about the process given by the last observed value of the control statistic and completely ignore any past information, thus they are memoryless and they cannot detect small and moderate shifts. Most multivariate Shewhart control charts are dependent to normality assumption. However, in many situations, this condition does not hold. Multivariate cumulative sum control chart (mcusum) one of the most widely used tools in multivariate statistical process control for quality control. The mcusum chart does not have the disadvantages of Shewhart control chart. Mcusum control charts have memory and they are more sensitive to small and moderate changes in the process. Determining of the exact and limiting distribution of mcusum control chart statistic is difficult even under the normality assumption. Therefore the distribution of mcusum control chart statistic can be obtained through simulation. A bootstrap control chart is based on resampling of the original observation and it does not require any knowledge about the underlying distribution of the observations. In this paper for the first time, we propose the application of resampling methods in mcusum. In the proposed study four different resampling algorithms are introduced. These algorithms were compared based on ARL0 criteria in simulation studies. R program was used to write and run the codes of the simulation study. Finally, the proposed control charts applied on a real dataset obtained from Isfahan Sugar Factory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Teaching Method on Critical Thinking and Academic Performance of Sixth Grade Student
Somayeh Ebrahimi-dolar Abbas GholtashIntroduction: The aim of this study was to explain the effect of problem-solving teaching methods on critical thinking and academic performance of sixth grade students in Birjand city.Research Methodology: This research was conducted as an intervention study with a pre- MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to explain the effect of problem-solving teaching methods on critical thinking and academic performance of sixth grade students in Birjand city.Research Methodology: This research was conducted as an intervention study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was the sixth grade students of Birjand city in the academic year 2021-2022 and the samples were selected by random double-stage cluster sampling and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Using the problem-solving teaching method, the science course was taught and the control group was trained as usual. Before and after applying the independent variable, pre-test and post-test were taken from the students. The Pham & Taylor (1999) Student Performance Questionnaire was used to assess students' academic performance, and the California Critical Thinking Orientation Questionnaire (Facion, 1992) was used to assess students' critical thinking. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical studies and Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests (to check normality), Levene's test (to check the homogeneity of variances) and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance through SPSS software version 23.Findings: The results indicate that problem-solving education has a significant effect on students' critical thinking and academic performance (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Gap Analysis Based on the Effect of Effective Educational Methods on Sustainable Development
Taraneh Enayati samaneh karami kiumars NiazazariThe aim of this study was to investigate the educational methods effective on sustainable development and to evaluate its current and optimal status.Research Methodology: This descriptive research was of survey-applied type, based on the methods of analyzing the current MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the educational methods effective on sustainable development and to evaluate its current and optimal status.Research Methodology: This descriptive research was of survey-applied type, based on the methods of analyzing the current and optimal situation gap and in the group of mixed studies of exploratory type (qualitative and quantitative). Participants in the quality section included 10 experts and specialists in the education system who were purposefully selected through a sequential snowball sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative stage consisted of 440 managers, responsible experts and experts of the General Department of Education in Tehran. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula as of 205 people. The sampling procedure was done through stratified random sampling according to the subject's organizational position. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis, paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results of the qualitative part of the research indicated that the educational methods affecting sustainable development include 7 components and the difference between the current and optimal situation has been significant and large.Conclusion: Therefore, in order to move from the current situation to an optimal situation of sustainable development, it is necessary for the education system to give a special importance to the educational methods affecting sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The Investigation and Analysis of the Hafez's Objectives in Utilizing Natural Themes in Poetry
Tayyebeh FadaviPursuing objective is one of the causes behind composing poems, thus poets usually exploit different methods of expressions and diverse factors and tools for accessing the objectives. Touching sensible objects in the universe and explaining them by using expression met MorePursuing objective is one of the causes behind composing poems, thus poets usually exploit different methods of expressions and diverse factors and tools for accessing the objectives. Touching sensible objects in the universe and explaining them by using expression methods, Hafez as a great poet also has his own objectives. This study aims at investigating the objectives for expressing the natural factors in Hafez lyrics. Hence, first, a concise definition of poetry and imagery is introduced which is followed by referring to important points concerning images in Hafez's poetry and his use of nature for creation these images. Then, objectives and intentions behind expressing natural factors in Hafez lyrics would be studied. This research investigates the reasons for using natural factors as rhetoric methods of expression like simile and metaphor to present and express indirectly and implicitly different moral, mystical, educational, social, and philosophical subjects. This study aims at revealing Hafez's art and his elegance as well as hidden corners of his thoughts. This research will be conducted base on descriptive method one data would be collected in the library. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Evaluating the effectiveness of training courses and exploring the improvement instructions: A usage of the follow-up explanations model
Mostafa Hadavinejad Fariba HeydariSome organizations invest a lot on employee’s training so that improve performance and productivity, but sometimes that is not effective. So, evaluating effectiveness of training courses and exploring their improvement instructions seems important. In this regard, MoreSome organizations invest a lot on employee’s training so that improve performance and productivity, but sometimes that is not effective. So, evaluating effectiveness of training courses and exploring their improvement instructions seems important. In this regard, our study is established in Rafsanjan Industrial Estate companies using follow-up explanations model of mixed methods. To this end, first Kirkpatrick questionnaire that it’s content validity and reliability were verified before, was distributed among a sample of 156 learners. In order to test the effectiveness of courses, one-sample t test were used. The post hoc tests were done using one-way ANOVA. All test were done in SPSS. Then, improvement instructions were explored through deep open interviews with a sample of 68 learners. Interviews were continued up to theoretical saturation and data were analyzed via MAXQDA. Results showed that effectiveness of held training courses and its aspects (reaction, learning, behavior, and results) were located on a variable domain of middle to much base on different demographic variables in a 95 percent confidence level. Moreover, some instructions about time, site, title, and executive organization of training courses were presented base on research findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Creativity development based on synectics model in the English subject
E. Z. Zavaraki D. Norouzi S. M. R. SafaviBackground: This paper investigated the effect of creativity development based on synectics model in English subject. Language comprehension was assessed in terms of learning and retention. Objective: The entire aim of this paper focuses on applied experiment and engage MoreBackground: This paper investigated the effect of creativity development based on synectics model in English subject. Language comprehension was assessed in terms of learning and retention. Objective: The entire aim of this paper focuses on applied experiment and engaged quasi-experiment design. Method: the research has been conducted on second grade boys in Tehran secondary schools. The statistical sample has been selected by multistage cluster sampling. The research was carried out by two different groups that included 20 male students. In order to find out independent variable's effect on dependent variable, a group was taught by Synectics teaching and the other taught by traditional teaching method' composing a precise scenario indicating the high quality of teaching. one pre-test and two post-test held in three stages with 20 teacher-made questionnaire and a sufficient time to be checked learning and retention. The collected data were analyzed with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. Results: The results indicated that teaching by means of synectics was so effective in comparison to traditional method did. Conclusion: Teaching by means of synectics is more effective than teaching by traditional method suggesting using synectics method any time appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Effects of Employing New Teaching Methods on Creativity and Academic Achievement of Students
Maryam Rahimimand Abbas Abbas PourBackground: employing appropriate teaching methods is considered to be among the basic needs of improving quality of teaching. Most educational psychologists and educational trainers believe that learning setting should be organized in such a way that each student be ab MoreBackground: employing appropriate teaching methods is considered to be among the basic needs of improving quality of teaching. Most educational psychologists and educational trainers believe that learning setting should be organized in such a way that each student be able to practice based on acquired capabilities. Objective: This research was performed to study the effect of employing various teaching methods (traditional, oral question, scientific display and group discussion) on creativity and academic achievement of students. Method: The research was performed by quasi-experimental method. Statistical population were consisted of students of different majors from the Teachers’ Training Universities in Alborz province in which according to proportional stratified random sampling methods, some 270 students were selected as sample size. Study tools were Abedi creativity questionnaire test and researcher-made questionnaire of academic achievement. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multivarieate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's test were used to test hypotheses. Results: Results showed that the amount of student’s creativity and academic achievement is different in terms of various teaching methods (lecture, oral question, scientific display, discussion, group participation). Also, study results showed that student’s creativity and academic achievement was increased by discussion and group participation more than other methods. Therefore, methods of scientific display, oral question, and traditional method (lecture), respectively affects students’ creativity. Conclusions: Students trained by modern education methods have higher creativity and academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The impact of applying creative instructional methods on improvement of elementary pupils' creativity
P. Jebelli Adeh A. Sobhani Background: One of the most common goals of the education systems throughout the world refers to the development of a creative personality that could easily adapt to the fast changes that the modern society undergoes to. Objective: This research was carried out t More Background: One of the most common goals of the education systems throughout the world refers to the development of a creative personality that could easily adapt to the fast changes that the modern society undergoes to. Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the impact of applying creative instructional methods on the improvement of pupils' creativity at elementary schools. Method: This research was run in the context of a quasi-experimental design containing a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The sample population was composed of 240 fourth grade pupils of elementary schools who were equally distributed into an experimental group, whose teachers were educated to apply creative instructional methods having 120 participants and a control group of 120 subjects. To collect the data and measure the level of pupils' creativity, the Torrance Figural Test A was administered to both groups before the treatment and the Torrance Figural Test B of creative thinking was administered to both groups after the treatment process. The data were analyzed and evaluated running an Independent sample t-test. Result(s): Results showed a meaningful difference between the experimental and the control groups in four components of creativity including Fluency, Flexibility, Originality and Elaboration. It means, by 99% confidence, the creativity improvement of the students in the experimental group was greater than the control group. Conclusion: Applying creative instructional methods improved creativity of the pupils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Investigating the possibility of occurrence of geological hazards in the existing formations at the Hamrov tunnel
Vahid HosseinitoudeshkiKnowledge of geological hazards plays an important role in the selection and installation of timely support system for underground structures. The Hamrov tunnel with an approximate length of 1294 meters in the main way of Sanandaj- Marivan is under construction. B MoreKnowledge of geological hazards plays an important role in the selection and installation of timely support system for underground structures. The Hamrov tunnel with an approximate length of 1294 meters in the main way of Sanandaj- Marivan is under construction. Based on the geo-mechanical conditions of rock masses in the tunnel, it is necessary to investigate the possible geological hazards such as squeezing. In this study, using geological surveys and drilling of boreholes, the way of the tunnel been divided into different units and then the severity of squeezing in each section have been investigated. By comparing the different methods of squeezing evaluation, it was found that the empirical Hoek-Marinos method evaluate the minimum of squeezing and the Jethwa method evaluate the maximum of squeezing for the rock masses of the tunnel. The utmost squeezing potential is related to section of the tunnel where there is the alternation of sandy shale and limestone with shale. According to the survey, the Hamrov tunnel is divided into three sections: A (km 5293 to 5543) with squeezing extreme serious to serious, B (km 5543 to 5973) with squeezing severe to very low, and C (5973 to 6133 km) almost without risk of squeezing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Investigation of Hydrogeochemitry of Water Resources of Gonbad Kavoos Plain and Analysis of Spatial Variation using GIS
mohMMAD DORDI MAHMOODI JAMIL ROZRIKH HAMED JAHANIMOGHADAM ALIREZA MORADINEHAREHDASHTWater is one the most important resource used by human in the daily life. Iran due to locating in the arid and semi-arid area has a limited water resource. Quality and quantity of water is important in various consumption among drinking, agricultural, industry and sanit MoreWater is one the most important resource used by human in the daily life. Iran due to locating in the arid and semi-arid area has a limited water resource. Quality and quantity of water is important in various consumption among drinking, agricultural, industry and sanitation, therefor studying its quality seems essential from a hydrogeochemical viewpoint. In this study data of 38 samples of Gonbad Kavoos and its surrounding has used. The obtained hydrochemical data using graphical diagrams (Piper, Wilcox and scholler diagram) and multivariate statistical analysis (Principal components analysis and clustering analysis) interpreted along the Arc GIS software. Based on Piper diagram most of samples fallen in section 5 (mixing zone) and section 3 (sulfate-chloride and sodium-potassium (saline)). From Wilcox viewpoint (assessment of water quality for agriculture) samples related with west part of Gonbad Kavoos showed the moderate and bad quality. Most of samples related with western part of Gonbad Kavoos from scholler diagram viewpoint (investigation of water quality for drinking) were with inappropriate and completely unpleasant. Clustering analysis led to extraction of two cluster, two first cluster mainly located in eastern part of Gonbad plain with better quality rather than cluster 3 and 4. Cluster 3 and 4 in western part of plain having the worst quality. With regarding observed problems especially in western part of plain, it is recommended a detailed study to improving the management of quality and quantity of water resources in the villages located west part of Gonbad Kavoos. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Comparison of methods of seismic hazard assessment, case study: Dasht-e-Bayaz area, E Iran
Akbar Irannejad Parizi Majid Nemati Vahid Jafari Najme SifiDasht-e-Bayaz region is one of the most seismically active areas in eastern Iran, which has relatively long and active faults. 1968 and 1979 catastrophic earthquakes (MW>7.0) in this area show that the area has experienced significant damages. Using existing maps inc MoreDasht-e-Bayaz region is one of the most seismically active areas in eastern Iran, which has relatively long and active faults. 1968 and 1979 catastrophic earthquakes (MW>7.0) in this area show that the area has experienced significant damages. Using existing maps including active faults map and satellite images and Seismological catalog of International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, seismotectonic map was prepared and seismic hazard was investigated using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Also, for AHP method, special questionnaire was designed, which answered with seismologists and the seismic hazard was evaluated using AHP method. The deterministic and probabilistic results show that there is probability of occurrence of an earthquake with magnitude of 7.6 during a 20-year period in Dasht-e-Bayaz and Qaen regions. Also, using the two above methods the highest risk is related to Ferdows thrust fault within the investigated active faults in the Dasht-e Bayaz-Qaen area. Although, the AHP method, which considers hypocentral and epicentral distances of the earthquakes, mechanism of the faults and kind of the bedrock, introduces Dasht-e-Bayaz fault region as a high risk area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - A review of biological methods of Mycotoxin reduction in milk and dairy products
fereshteh khayeri Marjaneh SedaghatiConsumption of milk and meat from infected animals may lead to human diseases. Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. Among microorganisms, fungal toxins, especially aflatoxin B-1 (AFB1), are of particular importance. Af MoreConsumption of milk and meat from infected animals may lead to human diseases. Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. Among microorganisms, fungal toxins, especially aflatoxin B-1 (AFB1), are of particular importance. Aflatoxin M-1 (AFM-1) is a metabolite produced by the conversion and hydroxylation of AFB-1. Although various technologies (physical, chemical and biological) have been developed, tested and applied to reduce the harmful effects of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), universal methods are still not available to reduce the level of AFs in feed and food in the past decades. . Dairy cows when fed aflatoxin B1 may excrete aflatoxin M1 in milk as a result of dietary exposure. This mycotoxin is completely resistant to temperature, so heat treatment such as pasteurization and ultra-pasteurization is not enough to inactivate it. Considering that some microorganisms have the ability to degrade aflatoxins and the extent of this degradation is strongly related to the type of microbial strain, therefore, conducting more and extensive studies on its use in food can help in adopting strategies to prevent some diseases and thus improve human health. be important Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - A Method for Sensitivity Analysis and Frequency Updating of Shear Buildings
Mohamad Reza TabeshpourDetermining the sensitivity of vibratory characteristics of a dynamic system (frequencies and mode shapes) due to changes in its mass or stiffness properties is of significant importance. The original algorithms developed were on the basis of the first order sensitivity MoreDetermining the sensitivity of vibratory characteristics of a dynamic system (frequencies and mode shapes) due to changes in its mass or stiffness properties is of significant importance. The original algorithms developed were on the basis of the first order sensitivity analysis. However, due to the limitations of these methods, extensive studies performed to develop more efficient methods for this purpose. The second order sensitivity analyses based methods are among the developed algorithms. Both the first and second order sensitivity analyses algorithms lead to acceptable results for only small changes in mass and stiffness of dynamic systems. In this paper, a new method for frequency updating of shear systems is presented based on shear building properties. The method is simple and needs less computation time compared to other methods. An iterative algorithm is developed by which the frequencies of the modified shear system can be determined to the desired accuracy. Since the tuning of the dynamic characteristics of the shear building systems has an important role in controlling their response against external loading, especially earthquake loading, this method can perform efficiently in frequency updating of the system. The performance of the proposed method is investigated using some numerical examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Investigation of thermal comfort and climate-affected architecture based on Mahani and Gioni index of Semnan city
mehdi yaghoubiCClimate-friendly architecture can be considered the closest structural design with a resilient economy approach in which, while human comfort and convenience by replacing clean and natural energy sources, a healthy environment with a high degree of comfort, saving ener MoreCClimate-friendly architecture can be considered the closest structural design with a resilient economy approach in which, while human comfort and convenience by replacing clean and natural energy sources, a healthy environment with a high degree of comfort, saving energy consumption and consequently reducing Created dependency. Also, recognizing climate design methods and updating it can bring a favorable and appropriate environment in the residential space and in accordance with comfort indicators, extract appropriate architectural solutions and present it as the principles of climate design. In this article, the comfort climate of Semnan city has been analyzed using Mahani and Giuoni methods. For this purpose, the statistics of the Meteorological Organization in an 81-year period (from 0222 to 0282) were used. The purpose of this article is to study the climatic conditions of Semnan city using Mahani thermal comfort indices, and consequently Giuoni to study appropriate solutions and proposals in the field of architecture and energy compatible with the climate. In case of implementing the architectural rules obtained from the criteria for determining thermal comfort, the duration of using mechanical heating and cooling devices inside the buildings of Semnan city will be significantly reduced and in the direction of moving towards zero energy in the urban environment of dry and cold climate. will be Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Ability to prepare methods land use maps using satellite images (Case study: Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri ali asghar torahi seyed mohammad tavakoli sabourIt is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of pre MoreIt is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of preparing land use maps of Kamyaran city using satellite images. In this study, OLI Landsat 8 satellite sensor data for June 2018 were used. Initially, preliminary processing, including radiometric, atmospheric, and geometric corrections, was performed on raw data. ground control points were used for training, accreditation, and land use mapping. The Landuse class was identified at each point by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 user classes of agricultural lands, forest, garden, rich pastures, medium pastures, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rocky outcrops. In the following, maximum probability, minimum distance, support vector machine and Mahanalubi distance were used for the supervised classification in ENVI 5.3 software. To evaluate the accuracy of classification methods, two criteria of general accuracy and capa coefficient were used with ground control data. The results showed that the support vector machine method was 91.4% more accurate and the Kappa coefficient was 0.88% more accurate than other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - the use of the tabu search metaheuristic to solve location problems: a review
Alireza BitarafIn this paper, a detailed review of the application of the Tabu search method on location problems is reviewed. For this purpose, first the concept of locationing and different types of location problems are introduced and then the components of the Tabu search method a MoreIn this paper, a detailed review of the application of the Tabu search method on location problems is reviewed. For this purpose, first the concept of locationing and different types of location problems are introduced and then the components of the Tabu search method are described in detail. The purpose of locationing is to find new suitable locations for setting up facility location. Today, increasing competition between companies has made it very important to study location problems. There are various methods for solving location problems. In recent decades, various metaheuristic methods have been introduced to solve such problems. Ultra-innovative methods use innovative ideas to solve problems with large data and dimensions. One of the metaheuristic methods is the tabu search algorithm, which is based on local search and gives desirable results in solving location problems. This algorithm has various components which are introduced in detail in this paper. The components that some researchers have added to this method to improve its performance are also introduced. In this paper, a detailed review of the application of the Tabu search method on location problems is reviewed. For this purpose, first the concept of locationing and different types of location problems are introduced and then the components of the Tabu search method are described in detail. The purpose of locationing is to find new suitable locations for setting up facility location. Today, increasing competition between companies has made it very important to study location problems. There are various methods for solving location problems. In recent decades, various metaheuristic methods have been introduced to solve such problems. Ultra-innovative methods use innovative ideas to solve problems with large data and dimensions. One of the metaheuristic methods is the tabu search algorithm, which is based on local search and gives desirable results in solving location problems. This algorithm has various components which are introduced in detail in this paper. The components that some researchers have added to this method to improve its performance are also introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Measurable Research in Pleistocene Environmental Archaeology (Definitions, Applications, and Necessities for the Iranian Plateau)
Nemat Hariri Reza Rezaloo Ardeshir Javanmardzadeh Saman Heydari-GuranA large part of our information concerning the Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate, past human activities, are coming from archived data in the sedimentological layers. Diets regime, vegetation, climatic situation and the causes of extinction of species, migration, and se MoreA large part of our information concerning the Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate, past human activities, are coming from archived data in the sedimentological layers. Diets regime, vegetation, climatic situation and the causes of extinction of species, migration, and settlement systems are that information which can be extracted from the Earth archive. Meanwhile, it is clear that not only is it possible to obtain all this information by studying cultural materials. As a result, the relatively new approaches of environmental archaeology and geoarchaeology have been adapted from the geological sciences to help archaeological problems. The task of these approaches is collecting and analyzing information that helps better human behaviors and tries to understand the processes between humans and their environment. Like other parts of the archaeological research in Iran developing rapidly, however, still using Advanced Techniques are not comparable with Western countries. This paper provides an overview of some of the most important Geoarchaeological approaches associated with examples more specifically during the late Pleistocene. We have been trying to give a general picture of the research that has been taken out in recent years on Iranian Geoarchaeological and environmental archaeology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Optimal Prediction in the Diagnosis of Existing Heart Diseases using Machine Learning: Outlier Data Strategies
Omid Rahmani Seyyed Amir Mahdi Ghoreishi Zadeh Mostafa Setak -
Open Access Article
184 - Comparative Analysis of Teaching and Evaluation Methods in the Art Curriculum of Elementary School in Iran and Selected Countries
Somayeh Fallah Tafti Reza Jafari harandi Mina Sadat TabatabaeiThis study aimed at comparative analysis of teaching and evaluation methods in the art curriculum of elementary school in Iran, Brazil, Greece and South Korea. The qualitative comparative research method and choice of countries was purposeful. data were collected throug MoreThis study aimed at comparative analysis of teaching and evaluation methods in the art curriculum of elementary school in Iran, Brazil, Greece and South Korea. The qualitative comparative research method and choice of countries was purposeful. data were collected through upstream and national education documents, research reports and articles in scientific journals. data analysis was performed based on Bereday's four-step model. Results in teaching methods show The four countries jointly emphasize the use of storytelling, discussion, music and anthems, performances, visits to art galleries and museums, and the use of Internet sites, while presenting models for painting, setting an example for calligraphy and defining individual and group projects specific to Iran, playing with clay and piles of paper, making objects with wood, making native dolls and walking in nature specific to Brazil, Educational games specific to Greece, storytelling, exhibitions of student art activities and the use of online media specific to South Korea. The results in evaluation methods also showed that the preference of the qualitative approach, the use of the workbook, recording the report and observation and judgment of the teacher, including subscriptions There are commonalities between the four countries, while from the handicraft exhibition, a discussion with students about the quality of works of art and measuring the artistic attitudes of students in Iran, from essay questionnaires and polls from parents in Brazil, from evaluating in-house actions Class and evaluation of extracurricular activities in Greece and the process-oriented use of approved checklists in South Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Comparison of the effectiveness of inverted teaching and lecture methods (traditional) on students' learning in industrial-organizational psychology
Seyedeh Asma Hosseini Mohammad Rahim JafarzadehToday, the inverted teaching has become increasingly popular as a practical teaching method. The main purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of inverted teaching methods and lecturing on students' learning in the course of industrial-organizationa MoreToday, the inverted teaching has become increasingly popular as a practical teaching method. The main purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of inverted teaching methods and lecturing on students' learning in the course of industrial-organizational psychology. In the present study, which has been done by quasi-experimental method, a pretest-posttest design with non-randomized groups has been used. The study population consisted of all psychology students. A total of 78 female students (39 persons in each class) selected by convenience sampling method received the same educational content in the field of subjects related to the course of industrial-organizational psychology in two classes of inverted teaching and lecturing. Before and after the training, the same test was performed for both groups and the data were analysed using one-way covariance test (using version 20 of SPSS software). The results of comparing the effectiveness of inverted teaching method and lecture on students 'learning in industrial-organizational psychology after removing the pre-test effect showed that there is a significant difference between students' learning performance (p < 0.001; f = 11.576). Considering the larger average of students trained in inverted teaching method, it can be claimed that the inverted teaching method significantly improve the students’ performance more than the lecture teaching method. The inverted teaching method can be used as a very useful and effective method in teaching industrial-organizational psychology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Comparison of the effectiveness of the teaching method of jurisprudential inquiry and lectures on the industrial-organizational psychology learning among studentd in the academic year 2018-2019
Seyedeh Asma HosseiniIntroduction: Today, there are many teaching methods. The question of which method is used for which lesson and at what time depends on the teacher's choice and his or her ability to implement it. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of the teaching method of ju MoreIntroduction: Today, there are many teaching methods. The question of which method is used for which lesson and at what time depends on the teacher's choice and his or her ability to implement it. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of the teaching method of jurisprudential inquiry and lectures on the learning of industrial-organizational psychology students.Materials and Methods: In the current study, a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design, including two non-randomized groups, was used. The teaching method (jurisprudential inquiry and speeches) was studied as the independent variable, whilst the students' learning in the industrial-organizational psychology course was studied as the dependent variable. The population included all industrial psychology students, 64 of whom were selected using the convenience sampling method.Results: The results showed a significant difference between the performance of research groups (P> 0.001). Therefore, according to the mean scores of learning by the teaching method of jurisprudential inquiry, it can be claimed that the method of jurisprudential teaching was more effective in improving the learning of students in the course of industrial psychology than the lectures. Also, the analysis of Eta Squared shows that 26.5% of the variance of the dependent variable (learning industrial psychology course) is explained by the independent variable (teaching method). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The study of the effect of teaching methods on high school students metacognitive from teachers’ perspective
vahid falahThroughout history, the accumulation of information by student, has been seen as a basic principle in education. As a result, what distinguishes students is the degree of their ability to retain information in their minds, lending to put an emphasis on memory. In 1800s, MoreThroughout history, the accumulation of information by student, has been seen as a basic principle in education. As a result, what distinguishes students is the degree of their ability to retain information in their minds, lending to put an emphasis on memory. In 1800s, this theory was doubted. However, it still overshadows education environments. New methodology has paved the way for changing the nature of education. Educating children through problem solving and experiments has led to a change in learners’ behavior. The present research studies different types of teaching (lecturing, question and answering, problem solving, and group discussion), and their effect on learners metacognitive. The objectives of the research are to investigate the effect of each method on learners metacognitive , and to provide authorities some suggestions and solutions to improve education. Research questions are: 1.Does lecturing method have an effect on students metucognitive? 2.Does problem-solving method have an effect on students metacognilive? 3.Does question–answer method have an effect on learners metucognitive? 4.Does group-discussion method have an effect on learners metucognitive? 5.Is there any difference in the effects of these methods? Statistical population were all the teachers, men and women, who taught at high schools for females in Behshahr. Data collection instrument was a researcher – mnde questionnaire with a reliability of 0.82 obtained using Cronbachs coefficient. The statistical method used was descriptive and inferential (one variable t-test, ANOVA). The results showed that teaching through lecturing has no effect on students metacognition . Teaching through problem–solving has an effect on students metacognition . group discussion and question answer methods have an effect on students metacognition . Finally, the effectiveness of each method on metacognition is different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Review on Basics of Solid Waste Engineering and Management
Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan Samaneh KhodadadiThe amount of waste has been steadily increasing due to the increasing human population and urbanization. Waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW). A large number of components in MSW create health and envir MoreThe amount of waste has been steadily increasing due to the increasing human population and urbanization. Waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW). A large number of components in MSW create health and environmental problems. Health impacts include exposure to toxic chemicals through air, water and soil media; exposure to infection and biological contaminants. The environmental impacts can be pollution and global warming, photochemical oxidant creation, abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and eco toxicity to water. The communities, industries, and individuals have, therefore, found several ways to reduce and better manage Municipal Solid Waste through a combination of practices not only to extract reusable components but to generate energy in the form of heat or electricity. These practices include source reduction, recycling, and processing/disposal through different technologies such as composting, combustion/incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfill and so on. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. This paper presents a detailed review about waste and waste management options, and research published on the effect of waste materials on environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - A Study of Dispute Resolution Methods in Contracting Contracts by Comparative Study in FIDIC
Alireza mashhadizadeh ali mohriThe dispute resolution methods due to their non-judicial approach can help to resolve disputes quickly and reduce costs in resolving disputes. Dispute resolution methods are a good alternative to inflexible judicial procedures in national courts. The nature of the contr MoreThe dispute resolution methods due to their non-judicial approach can help to resolve disputes quickly and reduce costs in resolving disputes. Dispute resolution methods are a good alternative to inflexible judicial procedures in national courts. The nature of the contract requires that the dispute be resolved promptly and possibly at the project site. The present descriptive and analytical study seeks to address whether arbitration process can be efficient in general conditions of contract. Also, the present study tries to find out if the application of new methods of dispute resolution board presented in FIDIC sample contracts can be helpful in reducing disputes. The results indicate that the sufficient knowledge of the dispute resolution boards and the continuous presence from the beginning of the project as a new method of dispute resolution has achieved a relatively good result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Designing and Explaining the Model of Improving the Efficiency of Human Resources Based on the Component of Modern Methods of the Third Millennium
doustali dehghanchachkami Rashid Zolfaghari Saffron fariba hanifiThe importance of the human factor in organizations and its unique role in planning, implementing and monitoring organizational affairs in different fields and levels has made it a strategic factor, and that's why today organizations pay more attention to human resource MoreThe importance of the human factor in organizations and its unique role in planning, implementing and monitoring organizational affairs in different fields and levels has made it a strategic factor, and that's why today organizations pay more attention to human resources as "human capital" than in the past. This article aims to answer this question, what model can be presented to improve the efficiency of human resources based on the components of the modern practices of the third millennium? In terms of the practical purpose, the method of collecting field information, the descriptive implementation method of the mixed exploratory type, the statistical population in the qualitative part of the experts and in the quantitative part included the employees and experts of the technical and professional university in 2013 was 1800 people. The sample size was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan table of 317 people by stratified random quantitative sampling method and snowball qualitative sampling method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Protein Secondary Structure Prediction: a Literature Review with Focus on Machine Learning Approaches
Leila Khalatbari Mohammad Reza Kangavari -
Open Access Article
192 - Use of the Improved Frog-Leaping Algorithm in Data Clustering
Sahifeh Poor Ramezani Kalashami Seyyed Javad Seyyed Mahdavi Chabok -
Open Access Article
193 - Sales Budget Forecasting and Revision by Adaptive Network Fuzzy Base Inference System and Optimization Methods
Kaban Koochakpour Mohammad Jafar Tarokh -
Open Access Article
194 - Identifying and prioritizing institutional socialization tactics in government organizations with a qualitative-quantitative integrated approach
Seyed Mohammad Reza Mohades Khalesi mehran mokhtari baye kolaii Ghorbanali Aghaahmadi davod kia KojouriIntroduction: Organizations, through regular and continuous structuring of employees' behavior, cause the alignment and adaptation of individual attitudes, values and behaviors with the values, norms and desirable organizational behaviors.Organizations should provide ap MoreIntroduction: Organizations, through regular and continuous structuring of employees' behavior, cause the alignment and adaptation of individual attitudes, values and behaviors with the values, norms and desirable organizational behaviors.Organizations should provide appropriate opportunities to familiarize employees with the mission, goals, job tasks and desired values of the organization in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness and achieve competitive advantage. This study aims to identify and prioritize institutional socialization tactics with a qualitative-quantitative integrated approach.Research Method: The method of this research is descriptive with an applied purpose. The statistical population of the study is 10 experts of senior managers of government organizations under the Ministry of Oil in the study area, among whom Delphi questionnaires, pairwise comparisons and Demetel were distributed. Data were analyzed using ANP-DEMATEL approach.Results: Based on the results of the research, it was proved that the "collective" criterion with a final weight of 0.205 is the first priority among the criteria, the consecutive criterion has the most impact and interaction, the permanent criterion has the most impact and the sub-criterion "effective job training" For newcomers "with a final weight of 0.0507 is the first priority among the sub-criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting the Technology Transfer Using Multiple Attribute Decision Making Techniques
Morteza Mousakhani Davood GharakhaniAppropriate technology transfer is one of the best ways to overcome the weakness of technology as well as to achieve the competitive advantage. An appropriate technology transfer requires an understanding of the factors which are effective in transferring. Hence the pre MoreAppropriate technology transfer is one of the best ways to overcome the weakness of technology as well as to achieve the competitive advantage. An appropriate technology transfer requires an understanding of the factors which are effective in transferring. Hence the present study aims to identify and Rank the factors affecting technology transfer. In this study, using the model presented by Lai and Tsai and interviews with teachers and experts, factors affecting technology transfer are identified. Then, AHP, ELECTRE and Topsis techniques were used to rank these factors. As each of these methods has have provided different rankings in some cases, a single ranking was used to aggregate methods (mean, Borda and Copeland). Results show that Technological factors are the most important factor in technology transfer. Also, Personnel, Industrial, cost and organizational factors are the most important respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - A Honey Bee Algorithm To Solve Quadratic Assignment Problem
mohamad mirzazadeh غلام حسن شیردل behrooz masoumi -
Open Access Article
197 - Towards mathematical modeling for selecting logistics service providers: case of moroccan LSP
Jabir Arif Khaoula Azzouz Mohamed Badr Benboubker -
Open Access Article
198 - Navigation of mobile robot motion
Hameedah__Sahib__hameedah Hameedah__Sahib__hameedahAs one of the fastest growing fields in engineering, robotics is designed to perform in dangerous and difficult work environments while easing labor-intensive duties. One of the major issues in robotics is the need to design a fast and effective procedure for the naviga MoreAs one of the fastest growing fields in engineering, robotics is designed to perform in dangerous and difficult work environments while easing labor-intensive duties. One of the major issues in robotics is the need to design a fast and effective procedure for the navigation of mobile robots. Mobile robots have been used to execute tasks such as vital medical patrol and rescue, planetary exploration, material handling, etc. It is therefore important to develop intelligent mobile robots capable of moving independently in different environments. Thus, in this work, a study on the navigation of mobile robots with methods applied was carried out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - An Efficient Extension of Network Simplex Algorithm
Hassan Rashidi Edward P.K Tsang -
Open Access Article
200 - Scheduling in Container Terminals using Network Simplex Algorithm
Hassan Rashidi -
Open Access Article
201 - Sensitivity Analysis of Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW): The Results of Change in the Weight of One Attribute on the Final Ranking of Alternatives
Azizollah Memariani Abbas Amini Alireza Alinezhad -
Open Access Article
202 - The Analysis and Assessment of Executive Methods of Soil Improvement, Based on Sustainability Indexes
Behnam Radpour naser Shamskia Somaye Daee Mihammad ali Nekoee -
Open Access Article
203 - Implementing Basic Displacement Function to Analyze Free Vibration Rotation of Non-Prismatic Euler-Bernoulli Beams
Pouria Hajikarimi Reza Attarnejad -
Open Access Article
204 - Simulation and Analysis of Sandwich Panels Free Vibration with Corrugated Core Based on Galerkin Method
Gholamreza Banadcooki J. RezaeiPazhand -
Open Access Article
205 - Analysis of Free Vibration Sandwich Panels with trapezoidal Corrugated Core Based on Galerkin Method
Arman Gholamreza BanadCooki J.Rezaei Pazhand -
Open Access Article
206 - Evaluating the effectiveness of process of contact with procrastination methods on academic self-regulating of students
saeed tavassoli Asiye Shariatmadar Ebrahim NaeimiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of contact with procrastination methods on academic self-regulating of students. This study was performed in a quasi-experimental context with experimental and control groups and doing pre-test and post-test. The s MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of contact with procrastination methods on academic self-regulating of students. This study was performed in a quasi-experimental context with experimental and control groups and doing pre-test and post-test. The study population included all high school male students in grade 1 in the city of Saveh in the academic year of 2016-2017. In this research, the school was selected by available approach, and after completing the procrastination questionnaire, the students were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group were put in contact with procrastination techniques for 8 90-minutes sessions. The data collection tools included Solomon and Rothblum (1984) procrastination assessment scale - students, Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons self-regulation scale(1986). The results of data analysis by using analysis of covariance (P<0/02) showed that contact with procrastination methods is effective in increasing academic self-regulation. Therefore, based on the findings, one can conclude that contact with procrastination techniques can be used to increase self-regulation as an effective method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The relationship between teacher’s Academic optimism and using active teaching methods in primary schools of Bonab city
Morteza Noor Mohammadgol Mohammadali Mojallal The aim of the research is to explain the relationship between teachers' academic optimism and the use of active teaching methods in primary schools of Bonab city in the academic year 2015-2016. The statistical population is the teachers of primary educatio More The aim of the research is to explain the relationship between teachers' academic optimism and the use of active teaching methods in primary schools of Bonab city in the academic year 2015-2016. The statistical population is the teachers of primary education schools in Benab city, whose number is 489, the statistical sample size is estimated to be 215 using Cochran's formula and selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool is Baird and Hoy's academic optimism questionnaire and the researcher-made questionnaire of using active teaching methods, whose reliability was equal to 0.72 and 0.87. Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the collected data. The results show that there is a significant relationship between teachers' academic optimism with the use of active teaching methods and all its dimensions (except for the indirect teaching method) in the primary schools of Bonab city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The Relationship between Dimensions of Philosophical Mindedness and Teaching Methods in High School Teachers
Ali Hosseini Mehr Fariba EmamiThe purpose of the present research was to investigation of the relationship between dimensions of philosophical mindedness and teaching methods in high school teachers. Method study was correlation. Statistical community was all s high school teacher from of mana MoreThe purpose of the present research was to investigation of the relationship between dimensions of philosophical mindedness and teaching methods in high school teachers. Method study was correlation. Statistical community was all s high school teacher from of management education district 2 Qazvin city. Sample includes 115 teacher that have been chosen via random sampling method. Assessment instruments were the researcher made questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression and Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Finding demonstrated that there is negative significant relationship between flexibility and traditional teaching methods. Also there is positive significant relationship between comprehensiveness and penetration with modern teaching methods. Stepwise regression analysis showed that flexibility could explain %14 of variance in traditional teaching methods and comprehensiveness and penetration, could explain %23 of variance in modern teaching methods. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that is not significantly different between dimensions of philosophical mindedness and teaching methods in high school teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Study of Relationship between Personality Features and Study Methods with Educational progress in MA students Allameh Tabatabai
Esmail saadipour hadi jafarinezhad mehrdad hajihasani The aim of this research was study of relationship between personality features and study methods with educational progress in students in allameh Tababtabai University. Method: m More The aim of this research was study of relationship between personality features and study methods with educational progress in students in allameh Tababtabai University. Method: method in this study was survey- descriptive and correlation. In this research a total of 110 students were chosen by cluster sampling. This sample were examined by personality five- factor questionnaire, methods and skills of study questionnaire and use of terms end average for evaluation of educational progress. Results: the outcomes of the pearsonian correlation showed that the relationship between educational progress with neurotic personality and surface study method is negative, with extroversion, agreeableness, conscientious personality, and deep seated study method is positive. And relationship between educational progress with openness to experience no significant. The outcomes of the multivariate regression show that deep seated and surface study method and neurotic, conscientious, extroversion personality can predict the educational progress. Conclusion: the students who have extroversion, agreeableness or conscientious personality type and uses of deep seated study method have more educational progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The Relationship between Dimensions of Philosophical Mindedness and Teaching Methods in High School Teachers
Ali Hosseini Mehr Fariba EmamiThe purpose of the present research was to investigation of the relationship between dimensions of philosophical mindedness and teaching methods in high school teachers . Method study was correlation. statistical community was all s high school t MoreThe purpose of the present research was to investigation of the relationship between dimensions of philosophical mindedness and teaching methods in high school teachers . Method study was correlation. statistical community was all s high school teacher from of management education district 2 Qazvin city. sample includes 115 teacher that have been chosen via random sampling method. Assessment instruments were the The researcher made questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient , Stepwise multiple regression and Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Finding demonstrated that there is negative significant relationship between flexibility and traditional teaching methods. also there is positive significant relationship between comprehensiveness and penetration with modern teaching methods. Stepwise regression analysis showed that flexibility could explain %14 of variance in traditional teaching methods and comprehensiveness and penetration , could explain %23 of variance in modern teaching methods. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that is not significantly different between dimensions of philosophical mindedness and teaching methods in high school teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Study of Relationship between Personality Features and Study Methods with Educational progress in MA students Allameh Tabatabai
Esmail Sadipour Hadi Jafari Nezhad Mehrdad Haji HasaniAime: The aime of this research was study of relationship between personality features and study methods with educational progress in students in allameh tababtabai university . Method:method in thise study was survey- descriptive and correlation. in this research a tot MoreAime: The aime of this research was study of relationship between personality features and study methods with educational progress in students in allameh tababtabai university . Method:method in thise study was survey- descriptive and correlation. in this research a total of 110 studens were chosen by cluster sampeling. This sampel were examined by personality five- factor questionnaire, methods and skills of study questionnaire and use of terms end average for evaluation of educational progress.Results: the outcomes of the pearsonian correlation showed that the relationship between educational progress with neurotic personality and surface study method is negative, with extroversion, agreeableness, conscientious personality, and deep seated study method is positive. And relationship between educational progress with openness to experience no significant. the outcomes of the multivariate regression show that deep seated and surface study method and neurotic, conscientious, extroversion personality can predict the educational progress.conclusion: the students who have extroversion, agreeableness or conscientious personality type and uses of deep seated study method have more educational progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan
Javad Khalatbari Alaleh AshouriThis research is functioned to investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Research method was correlation and statistical population was all of MoreThis research is functioned to investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Research method was correlation and statistical population was all of the Sama high school girl students of Guilan (2348 persons).The sample group of this research were 120 girl students selected from Rasht, Bandar anzali and Lahidjan. The tools used for the research were Robinson’s Child training methods, Snyder`s Hope scale, Objective measure of ego identity status (OMEIS) and Cohen`s Perceived stress scale .For data processing, Multiple regression was used .Based on the result of research, There is a positive and relevant relation between Foreclosure identity and Perceived stress (p<0.01). The relation between Moratorium identity and perceived stress was positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relativity that exists between Diffused identity and Perceived stress is positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relationship between Achieved identity and Percieved stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Permissive and Authoritative scale in child training method and Percieved stress is positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Authoritarian in child training method and Perceived stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Hope scale and Perceived stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a relation between Achieved identity, Perceived child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Factor Analysis, AMMI Stability Value (ASV) Parameter and GGE Bi-Plot Graphical Method of Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Potato Genotypes
Davood Hassanpanah Hassan Hassanabadi Amiraslan Hosseinzadeh Bita Soheili Raouf MohammadiQuantitative and qualitative traits and stability of marketable tuber yield of 14 promising potato clones, along with three commercial cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Savalan) as checks, were evaluated at the Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station dur MoreQuantitative and qualitative traits and stability of marketable tuber yield of 14 promising potato clones, along with three commercial cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Savalan) as checks, were evaluated at the Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station during 2013 and 2014. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. During growing period and after harvest, traits like main stem number per plant, plant height, tuber number and weight per plant, total and marketable tuber yield, dry matter percentage, baking type, hollow heart, tuber inner ring and discoloration of raw tuber flesh after 24 hours were measured. Combined ANONA for quantitative traits showed that there were significant differences among promising clones as to total and marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height, tuber mean weight, main stem number per plant and dry matter percentage and their interactions with year in total and marketable tuber yield. The clone 9 (397078-3) with the least amount of marketable tuber yield had significant difference with clones 4 (397045-13), 1 (397031-16), 3 (397031-11), 6 (397009-8) and 12 (397067-6) in 2013 and with clone 4 (397045-13) and Agria cultivar in 2014. The clones 4(397045-13), 1 (397031-16) and 12 (397067-6) had uniform tuber, yellow to dark-yellow skin and light-yellow to yellow flesh color, tuber shape of oval round and round, shallow to mid shallow eyes, no tuber inner ring, hollow heart and tuber inner crack and mid-late maturity. They were selected for home consumption of chips, french-fries and frying. Based on the results of factor analysis, "tuber yield", "number of tuber" and "plant structural and quality "were named as first, second and third quality determining factors respectively. In this experiment, GGE Bi-plot model and AMMI Stability Value (ASV) parameter, were acceptable methods for the selection of marketable tuber yield stability which found to be simultaneously could introduce clones 1 (397031-16), 3 (397031-11), 4 (397045-13) and 12 (397067-6) to be selected as stable clones with high marketable tuber yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Effect of Economic and Social Factors on Life Insurance Demand in Iran and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Hedayat Hosseinzadeh Nowadays life Insurance is one of the most important economic tools and it has several applications the most important role of it is securing the future of the family. Also life insurance is known as one of the major sources of funds and its saving role is more More Nowadays life Insurance is one of the most important economic tools and it has several applications the most important role of it is securing the future of the family. Also life insurance is known as one of the major sources of funds and its saving role is more prominent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social and economic factors (per capita income, inflation, interest rates, financial development, dependency ratio, education and life expectancy) on life insurance demand in Iran and CIS countries over the period 2001-2009 using the Panel data. Research findings show that per capita income levels, interest rates, the level of financial development, education and life expectancy are the most important factors affecting the demand for life insurance. In this regard, the young dependency ratio has an inverse relationship with the demand for life insurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The criterion of violation of width and the way of protection against it in terms of Imamiyyah jurisprudence and Iranian laws
majid najafiAbstractDignity is used in two meanings in legal rules and regulations. The first meaning is the general meaning, which consists of repairing and compensating the damage caused by the lost dignity of a person. The second meaning is about the owner of a legal establishme MoreAbstractDignity is used in two meanings in legal rules and regulations. The first meaning is the general meaning, which consists of repairing and compensating the damage caused by the lost dignity of a person. The second meaning is about the owner of a legal establishment, which aims to express the legislator's respect for a person who has endured the sentence of the criminal and has shown that he is ready to enter the society by expressing decent behavior. It is a logical and rational rule that does not conflict with the constitution and the holy Sharia law and prevents the occurrence and repetition of crimes and encourages criminals to improve themselves. This institution originates from the principles and foundations of legal jurisprudence, which according to the ruling rules, should be searched for in valuable and unique institutions such as repentance and the rule of Jab.Key words: dignity, breadth, compensation methods, Imami jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - کاوش درباره تنوع مبتنی بر ابزار: تاثیرات غنی کردن پرسشنامه تمایل به برقراری ارتباط
روح اله ملکی احمد محسنی علی مالمیرهدف از پژوهش توصیفی-ترتیبی و ترکیبی حاضر این بود تا اثرات غنی کردن پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط برقرار کردن مکروسکی (1992) با روش از ایفای نقش صوتی-تصویری بر روی پاسخ زبانآموزان ایرانی کاوش شود. به قصد این کار، پاسخهای 117 زبان آموز سطح پیش-متوسط ایرانی به این پرسشنامه در Moreهدف از پژوهش توصیفی-ترتیبی و ترکیبی حاضر این بود تا اثرات غنی کردن پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط برقرار کردن مکروسکی (1992) با روش از ایفای نقش صوتی-تصویری بر روی پاسخ زبانآموزان ایرانی کاوش شود. به قصد این کار، پاسخهای 117 زبان آموز سطح پیش-متوسط ایرانی به این پرسشنامه در مرحله قبل و بعد از توسعه دادن پرسشنامه، مقایسه شد.این تحقیق به تحقیق زبانی-اجتماعی مربوط بوده تا بتواند روش گرداوری دیتا و ارزشیابی واقعی را توسعه دهد. یافته های کمی نشان داد که در میانگین نمرات پاسخها، تاثیر آماری معناداری وجود نداشته، کاهش ضریب پایایی از حالت اصلی به غنی شده، ولی تغییرات درون آیتمی و شخصی مشاهده شد. سپس، در ادامه این تحقیق، با استفاده از روش هدفمندانه، با 12 پاسخدهنده برگزیده مصاحبه به عمل آمد تا در تکمیل نتایج کمی، از طریق پروتوکال کلامی در مرحله قبل و بعد از اجرای پرسشنامه اصلی و توسعه یافته، در زمینه های هدف، مکان، تصویرسازی، سن، جنسیت، و شخصیت شرکت کنندگان دانشجو در حالت ایفای نقش تحقیق به عمل آید. یافته های کمی و کیفی حاصل شده در دو فاز قبل و بعد از غنی شدن، مورد بحث قرار گرفته و با یافته های قبلی و مرتبط مقایسه شدند. درنهایت، برای مدرسان، تعلیم دهندگان، و ارزیابان زبان، کاربردها و توصیه هایی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - استفاده از معادلات ساختاری در تحقیقات زبان دوم: مفاهیم کلیدی و ملاحظات اساسی
حسام الدین قنبرهمانطوری که مدل های یادگیری زبان، و استفاده و پردازش آن به تکامل بیشتری می رسند، طبیعی و لازم به نظر می رسد که به فراخور مدل های آماری نیز مناسب این تکامل و پیشرفت بشوند. یک نگرش آماری با ظرفیت های بسیار زیاد درحیطه زبانشناسی کاربردی و تحقیقات زبان دوم رویکرد معادلات سا Moreهمانطوری که مدل های یادگیری زبان، و استفاده و پردازش آن به تکامل بیشتری می رسند، طبیعی و لازم به نظر می رسد که به فراخور مدل های آماری نیز مناسب این تکامل و پیشرفت بشوند. یک نگرش آماری با ظرفیت های بسیار زیاد درحیطه زبانشناسی کاربردی و تحقیقات زبان دوم رویکرد معادلات ساختاری است. رویکرد معادلات ساختاری معرفی شده در این مقاله یک خانواده بسیار قوی و منعطف از روش ها با ظرفیت های زیاد است. ما در این مقاله معرفی محور ابتدا متغیرهای مورد استفاده در تحلیل معادلات ساختاری را معرفی می کنیم و سپس به تبیین ملاحظات آماری داده های این نوع تحلیل ها به همراه بیان نکات کاربردی این روش آماری در اعتبارسنجی ابزار های زبانی مانند پرسشنامه ها خواهم پرداخت. در سراسر این مقاله مثال های متعددی از کاربرد روش تحلیل معادلات ساختاری در مقالات مربوط به مطالعات زبان دوم نیز ارائه شده تا خواننده بهتر با کاربرد ها و نکات مربوطه آشنا گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Predictive model design for microbial load based on impedance in traditional and industrial dried vegetables
N. Najjarpoor A. Fazlara M. TadayoniThis study was aimed to use of impedance technique and comparison of its results with reference method in traditional and industrial dried vegetables. In this study, 30 samples of traditional dried vegetable and 30 samples of industrial dried vegetable were tested for m MoreThis study was aimed to use of impedance technique and comparison of its results with reference method in traditional and industrial dried vegetables. In this study, 30 samples of traditional dried vegetable and 30 samples of industrial dried vegetable were tested for microbial counts by reference method of culture and Impedance device in accordance with the Instruction of Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Iran. The impedance method showed the minimum and maximum number of microorganisms in traditional samples were 4.80 × 104 and 1.40 × 106 bacteria per gram respectively. The minimum and maximum number of microorganisms in industrial samples were 6.00 × 102 and 7.00 × 105 bacteria per gram, respectively. The maximum detection time in impedance method in industrial and traditional dried vegetables was 20.24 and 23.68 hours, respectively and minimum detection time in industrial and traditional samples was 11.35 and 8.25 hours. The results showed determination coefficients of bacterial load in dried vegetable by regression equations were 0.9169, 0.9133 and 0.8861 in traditional, industrial and total of two method dried vegetables respectively. It indicates that high correlation was between reference and impedance methods for traditional and industrial dried vegetables. Microbial load in traditional and industrial dried vegetables was higher and lower than that of standard limit, respectively. Therefore, impedance technique could be used as an alternative method for control of bacterial load in dried vegetable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - A comprehensive review on the structure, properties and application of phycocyanin pigment
R. Safari S. Reyhani Poul Sakineh YeganehThis review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycoc MoreThis review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment, a light receiver with antioxidant and fluorescent properties in cyanobacteria, and two algae from the genus rhodophytes and cryptophytes. Phycocyanin pigment consists of two relatively similar subunits α and β. The alpha chain contains one phycocyanobilin attached to cysteine 89 and the beta chain contains two phycocyanobilins attached to cysteines 84 and 155. Phycocyanin is commercially produced from spirulina algae (spirulina platensis), in the form of photoautotrophic cultures, and open environments in large ponds or pools in tropical or subtropical areas at the edges of oceans. This pigment can be extracted from the mentioned algae by using different techniques such as enzymatic method, ultrasound, freezing-defrosting, mineral solvent, homogenization, stress and osmotic shock, high hydrostatic pressure, ultracentrifuge, and ultra homogenization. Depending on the extraction conditions, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but the enzymatic and ultrasound methods are more efficient than other methods. Phycocyanin has many medicinal and therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory; In addition, the positive effect of this pigment on nerve cells, kidneys, and the immune system has been confirmed. Phycocyanin, having three colorings, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, has the potential to be used in various food formulations, such as yogurt, cheese, ice cream, etc., which have been proven in various research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Optimization of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger
H.R Samadlouie Sh GharanjikAmong the various fungal strains screened for citric acid production, Aspergillus niger is known to produce considerable amounts of citric acid and other organic acids when cultivated in submerge fermentation. In this study, optimization of the medium components was car MoreAmong the various fungal strains screened for citric acid production, Aspergillus niger is known to produce considerable amounts of citric acid and other organic acids when cultivated in submerge fermentation. In this study, optimization of the medium components was carried out using "one-factor-at-a-time" and response surface methods (RSM). One-factor-at-a-time indicated that the amount of citric acid production was increased along with the increasing of agitation speed (from 150 to 200 rpm), raising the incubation temperature (from 17 to 32) and decreasing pH value (to 2). Moreover, in comparison with the other groups, citric acid production in the treatment containing soy bean powder and minerals revealed a significant increase (up to 25 g/l). The results showed that application of ultrasonic wave during the growth phase could remarkably enhance the production of citric acid. Based on the results of one-factor-at-a-time, sucrose and soy bean powder were the selected additives to test their effect on citric acid production using RSM. The two variables were identified to have significant effects on citric acid production and the maximum citric acid production of 58 g/l was resulted from the combination of 230.87 g/l sucrose and 200.81 g/l soy bean powder. In this study, the significant increase in the production of citric acid in the optimal conditions indicated the using of appropriate statistical methods and also the correct levels of selected variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Molecular detection of canine Leishmaniasis using conjunctival swab and buffy coat samples
mohammadreza ariannejad gholamreza razmi javad khoshnegah Many molecular methods have been used for diagnose is of canine leishmaniasis. These methods mainly rely on tissue specimens provided by invasive approaches for molecular detection of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate two noninvasive samp More Many molecular methods have been used for diagnose is of canine leishmaniasis. These methods mainly rely on tissue specimens provided by invasive approaches for molecular detection of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate two noninvasive sampling methods detection of Leishmaniasis using PCR method. For this purpose, a total of 60 dogs were selected and equally divided into three groups: pet dogs with cutaneous lesions (Group 1); pet dogs without cutaneous lesions (Group 2) and stray dogs (Group 3). After physical examination of dogs, eye swab and buffy coat samples were collected from each dog, also, tissue smears were prepared from the lesions of dogs in group 1. DNA of eye swab and buffy coat samples were extracted and used to detection of Leishmania species using PCR and semi-nested PCR tests. Blood smears were stained by Giemsa method for microscopic evaluation. Out of 60 dog, the DNA of four swab samples related to the dogs of Group3 and one swab and DNA of buffy coat sample in a dog in group 1 was infected with Leishmania infantum. Leishman bodies was only observed in tissue smear of one dog in group 1. Three positive samples were sequenced for confirmation of results. Based on the results of this study, Leishmania infantum infection is common among dogs in Mashhad area and it seems that ocular swab specimens can be used as a noninvasive method for molecular detection of leishmania infection in dogs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The Effectiveness of Multiple Sensory Methods on Self-Discipline and Self-Assessment of Dyslexic Female Students Aged 9 to 10 Years
leyla khademiadel shokohsadat banijamal fariborz dortaj Hassan AsadazadehThis research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of multiple sensory methods on self-discipline and self-assessment of 9-10-year-old dyslexic female students. The research was in terms of practical purpose and semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of multiple sensory methods on self-discipline and self-assessment of 9-10-year-old dyslexic female students. The research was in terms of practical purpose and semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was 9 and 10-year-old dyslexic students of Razen city in the academic year of 1401-1400. Through screening with dyslexia checklist and intelligence test, 30 of them were purposefully selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups of 15. were tested and controlled. The experimental group received training in multiple sensory methods during 10 weeks and in 10 sessions of one and a half hours, while the control group did not receive any training. The tools used in this research were Selimi Timuri's reading disorder test (2006), Raven's IQ test (2010), Zandkarimi's self-discipline questionnaire (2010) and Zandkarimi's self-assessment questionnaire (2010). Data were evaluated using Spss software and descriptive and inferential statistics with analysis of covariance test. The results showed that teaching multiple sensory methods have an effect on students' self-discipline and self-assessment. Certainly, knowing a person about himself and his abilities and weaknesses can be effective in improving his living and learning conditions. In this regard, the mastery of teachers and parents on the use and application of the capacities and abilities of students with learning disorders with modern educational methods will have a great impact on their success and prevent them from experiencing a sense of helplessness and school truancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Effectiveness of Storytelling Techniques on Enhancing Social Intelligence of Elementary School Female Students - 4th and 5th grades, Academic Year 1390-1391
Sepideh Dadashzadeh Ali Reza PirkhaefiThe purpose of the current research was to find out the effectiveness of storytelling techniques on enhancing social intelligence of Elementary school female students. The research method was Quasi-experimental with two pre-test and post-test groups. The statistical pop MoreThe purpose of the current research was to find out the effectiveness of storytelling techniques on enhancing social intelligence of Elementary school female students. The research method was Quasi-experimental with two pre-test and post-test groups. The statistical population included female students of primary school, fourth and fifth grades in Meshkin Shahr in the academic year 1391-1392. The participants included sixty 4th and 5th female students in Meshkin Shahr, in the academic year 1390-1391, who were selected through cluster random sampling. These students were then assigned to two experimental and control groups, each with 30 students. The experimental group received story telling as the treatment for 10 sessions in 10 weeks. The participants in both groups took the pre-and post-test of social intelligence which was based on Iromoso’s model. The covariance analysis showed that there were significant difference between the experimental and control groups in social intelligence and its components. The results showed that storytelling was an effective method to increase the students’ social intelligence and can be used in educational environments by teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The Effect of traditional teaching and cooperation teaching on students’ Achievement and Attitude toward Mearef Islami Lesson in college student of Tabriz city (year 87-88)
Dِavood Hossaini nasab Noroz FallahThe method cooperative learning has been studies from different views. Studying of these views and comparing them with traditional learning resulted in presentation of a pattern, which has been executed in the present study (semi-empirical). &nb MoreThe method cooperative learning has been studies from different views. Studying of these views and comparing them with traditional learning resulted in presentation of a pattern, which has been executed in the present study (semi-empirical). The aim of this research is to compare the effect of cooperative and traditional teaching on academic achievement and attitude towards learning of Islamic studies Subject in pre-university centers of Tabriz. The statistical society of this research includes the male and female students of pre-university centers of Tabriz in 2008-2009 out of which 136 students were randomly selected as statistical sample. 69 subjects (one male class and one female class) were selected as cooperative group for cooperative learning and 67 subjects (one male class and one female class) as traditional group for traditional learning. Measurement tools used in this study included researcher-made academic achievement test based on the contents of Islamic Studies Subject and researcher-made attitude questionnaire for measuring the attitudes of the subjects towards learning the Islamic Studies Subject before and after teaching. First, the subjects of this study participated in attitude pre-test and after 12 weeks of traditional and cooperative teaching, the academic achievement and attitudes of subjects were measured. Independent and dependant T-tests were used for analyzing the data and the results showed that the academic achievement of cooperative group was more than that of the traditional group and there was a significant difference between their averages. The results also showed that the attitudes of students for learning and course subject in cooperative group had more positive changes in comparison with that of the students in traditional group and this change in females is more than males. The results of this study also confirmed the hypothesis that females have higher academic achievement than males in educational learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - A Study of hidden curriculum dimensions in first-grade female high-school teachers' method of teaching from the students' point of view
Sahar Alizadeh Niri Yousef AdibThe present research aimed of studying and comparing the hidden curriculum dimensions (negative outcomes) in biology, mathematics and literature lessonsfrom the female students' point of view in Ardabil city in 2011-2012. The statistical population included 4105 first-g MoreThe present research aimed of studying and comparing the hidden curriculum dimensions (negative outcomes) in biology, mathematics and literature lessonsfrom the female students' point of view in Ardabil city in 2011-2012. The statistical population included 4105 first-grade female students, out of which 352 students were chosen as sample size using Cochran's formula. The method of sampling was cluster sampling. To gather the data a researcher made questionnaire that had acceptable reliability and validity was used. The descriptive and inferential statistics (MANOVA) were used to analyse the data. The results showed that the hidden curriculum dimensions of teachers` method of teaching in biology mathematics and literature in terms of (scientific spirit, social skills, academic self-concept and attitude toward the lessons) were in the intermediate level. So it can be said that there was a significant difference among all hidden curriculum dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - A comparison of child rearing method and affective climate of a family a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety
Prissa Rahmani Naeimeh mohebbThe objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children ou MoreThe objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children out of which 102 child had free floating anxiety and the remained 98 child had no anxiety. The hypotheses were about two groups of healthy and anxious children who were examined against their parents’ child rearing styles (despotically, easy going and authoritatively), the affevtive climate, as well, to find the differences among them. To gather the data three kinds of questionnaire were used, namely (child symptom Inventory (CSI)), Affective climate inventory and child vearing inveventory. The results confirmed all the hypotheses and were along the previous researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Identifying and Ranking Performance Standards of Educational Administrators; Case study: Tabriz Elementary Schools
Seyedeh Mahtab Halimi Eskandar Fathi Azar The aim of this study was to identify and then to rank the standards for the performance of the elementary schools leaderships. First the literature was reviewed in detail and 6 criteria including 40 sub-criteria were extracted and then we asked some More The aim of this study was to identify and then to rank the standards for the performance of the elementary schools leaderships. First the literature was reviewed in detail and 6 criteria including 40 sub-criteria were extracted and then we asked some experts to evaluate and approve them. Then a questionnaire is developed and 80 leaders were asked by face-to-face interview to answer for the questions. They should first rank the criteria based on their preferences and then answer for 40 questions about the existing situation of these criteria. The reliability of the questionnaire is approved by three experts and then its validity and reliability is checked. The data are analyzed by calculating the following statistics: average functions, standard deviation and t-student test using the SPSS software. The results show these ranking for main criteria of the standard: 1) ethics and values, 2) obligations, 3) characteristics, 4) skills, 5) roles, 6) achieve results. There are some discrepancies among the preferences of the leaders and what they experience in action and it is discussed in detail in thesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - A Study of relationship between parental rearing methods and attachment styles with depression symptoms in adolescents
Zeynab khanjani Toraj hashemi Fariba elhamfarThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attachment skills and parental rearing methods with depression symptoms. The statistical population were all the female high-school students in Tabriz, using cochrans’ formula, 375 students were MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attachment skills and parental rearing methods with depression symptoms. The statistical population were all the female high-school students in Tabriz, using cochrans’ formula, 375 students were selected as the sample size. The method of collecting data was multistage random sampling. To gather the data the Bamrindparental rearing methods, the adultattachment skills questionnaires and the kutcher adolescent depression scale were used. To analyse the data pearson’s correlation and concurrent regression were used. The results showed that the adolescents with avoidance unsecure attachment skill showed higher level of depression symptoms. There was not any relationship between secure attachment style and ambivalent unsecure attachment with depression symptoms. The results also showed that there was a negative significant difference between the depression and rational authoritative parental rearing method, and there was a positive significant difference between depression and despotic parental rearing method. Whereas no relationship was observed between depression and permissive parental rearing method. According to the findings it can be concluded that attachment styles and parental rearing methods can have an important role in appearing adolescent depression symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Use of Soft sets and the Bloom's Taxonomy for Assessing Learning Skills
Michael VoskoglouLearning, a universal process that all individuals experience, is a fundamental component of human cognition. It combines cognitive, emotional and environmental influences for acquiring or enhancing ones knowledge and skills. Volumes of research have been written about MoreLearning, a universal process that all individuals experience, is a fundamental component of human cognition. It combines cognitive, emotional and environmental influences for acquiring or enhancing ones knowledge and skills. Volumes of research have been written about learning and many theories have been developed for the description of its mechanisms. The goal was to understand objectively how people learn and then develop teaching approaches accordingly. In this paper soft sets, a generalization of fuzzy sets introduced in 1999 by D. Molodstov as a new mathematical tool for dealing with the uncertainty in a parametric manner, are used for assessing student learning skills with the help of the Blooms taxonomy. Blooms taxonomy has been applied and is still applied by generations of teachers as a teaching tool to help balance assessment by ensuring that all orders of thinking are exercised in student learning. The innovative assessment method introduced in this paper is very useful when the assessment has qualitative rather than quantitative characteristics. A classroom application is also presented illustrating its applicability under real conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Estimation of groundwater levels in Bayza plain using geostatistical methods
غلامعلی مظفری hossein behzadi karimiDuring the recent years in Iran and especially arid and semi-arid due to natural and human factors, has been seen the underground water level drop. The aim of this study was to examine the spatial and temporal changes of underground water level using geostatistical meth MoreDuring the recent years in Iran and especially arid and semi-arid due to natural and human factors, has been seen the underground water level drop. The aim of this study was to examine the spatial and temporal changes of underground water level using geostatistical methods. First, were collectedthe static level of the data related to the 39 wells in the aquifer Bayza plain seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter of blue year 2003-2004 to 2012-2013.After quality control and ensure the normal data,The results of the deterministic methods of statistical estimation for static surface and ground water based on cross-validation technique statistical criteria the second root mean square error case evaluated. The results of the deterministic methods and geostatistical for estimation of groundwater levels case evaluated based on cross-validation technique by statistical criteria root mean square (RMSe). The map water level changes showed that in all seasons, the underground water level in the North plain is higher and gradually towards reduced the Center and the South Plains. View to be largest decreases the level of stagnation in fall blue year 2012-2013 to amount of 14.3 m, and minimum water level drop in winter blue 2003-2004 to amount of 5 m. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Analysis of the Degree of Development of Ardebil Using the Morris method and numerical taxonomy
Sayyad Irani Heris Esmaeil Golinexhad Esmaeil NajafiUnequal spatial distribution of resources in almost all There are countries in the world, but the problem in developing countries acute form of development programs have problem and it has disrupted the overall development process. The research method is descriptive-ana MoreUnequal spatial distribution of resources in almost all There are countries in the world, but the problem in developing countries acute form of development programs have problem and it has disrupted the overall development process. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library-survey resources and with a practical approach. Therefore, the study of the causes Influence of irrational distribution facilities to eliminate or at least reduce inequalities the zone is necessary and very important. The first step in this field and rank ordered into different regions in terms of a variety of health indicators, Economic, Infrastructure, Cultural and educational. Study with 59 indexes 4 the health sector, Economic, Infrastructure, Morris and Taxonomy of Educational and Cultural using the calibration method has been developed Ardebil. The results show that there is an imbalance of heterogeneity in the province So All Consolidated Index 2-level cities in Mauritius had half And Divided and deprived Ardebil Rating The first is devoted to Sarein the city was deprived of the taxonomy is a compilation of the 3 cities high level, Half have been disadvantaged in this way also won first place in Ardabil between cities are deprived of the Secretary of the city. This difference not only in the province but there is much difference of With other regions of the country The attention and targeted programs in order to develop a balanced and integrated based on the capabilities of Sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Comparison of different methods of classification of satellite images in preparing land use map (Case study: Lake Urmia)
Hossein nazmfar Monir ShirzadThe purpose of this study is to compare nine supervised methods in classifying land cover using Landsat 8 satellite images in Urmia Lake. The nature of this research has been developmental-applied and the method of performing it has been descriptive-analytical. For this MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare nine supervised methods in classifying land cover using Landsat 8 satellite images in Urmia Lake. The nature of this research has been developmental-applied and the method of performing it has been descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, satellite images of OLI sensor related to the date (7/8/2016 and 7/6/2016) were downloaded from the USGS site. And after applying the pre-processing using field visits and the Global Positioning Machine, instructional samples were prepared for each user (Lake, Agricultural land, Salty land, Waste land) in the study area. In the next step, the classification was performed using nine monitored algorithms (neural network, backup vector machine, maximum probability, mahalanobis, minimum distance from average, parallel surfaces, spectral information divergence, binary codes, spectral angle). In the last step, in order to check the accuracy and precision of image classification, evaluation criteria (manufacturer's accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient) were used. The results indicate that the classification method of backup vector machine with 99.57% capa coefficient after neural network vector support vector machine with 98.66% cappa coefficient and the maximum probability method with 98.58% capa coefficient after neural network method compared to other methods They are more accurate. Also the least accurate are binary code algorithms with parallel surfaces and spectral angles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Evaluating and prioritizing new methods of marketing health products in the elderly community (Case study of AJA retirees)
MohammadReza Rostami Maryam Mosleh Babak Maleki -
Open Access Article
234 - Assessment of Geotourism Capabilities and Potentials in Sustainable Development (Case study: Darband Pond in Sahneh City)
Azadeh ArbabiGetourism, as one of the sustainable tourism, aims partaking of geologic and geomorphologic landforms and attracts in order to economic and social native community and sustainable development. In order to provide this aim, geotourism assess series of scientific, conserv MoreGetourism, as one of the sustainable tourism, aims partaking of geologic and geomorphologic landforms and attracts in order to economic and social native community and sustainable development. In order to provide this aim, geotourism assess series of scientific, conservational and tourism indicators and criteria and determines suitable planning with present condition for sustainable development. Having different ponds, Sahneh city in Kermanshah province, is one of the tourism destinations in the province. Darband pond is one of the most important ponds in the city. This pond is located in northeast aspect of Sahneh city. Having geodiversity, beautiful nature, historical elements and suitable tourism services, this pond is one of the important tourism destinations. In this paper is tried for assessment geotourism and geotourism planning for Darband pond. For assessment geotourism, it is applied GAM and Fasoulas method that involve different geotourism values. These values are assessed by using librarian and surveying researches. Final results shows that Darband pond have suitable condition in order to geotourism development and sustainable development and causing equal values of scientific, conservational and tourism values, this geomorphosite is in sustainable condition, although it is not high level geomorphosite yet. However, this region has capability for affecting in sustainable development of Sahneh city, therefore, geotourism planning of the pond should determine on approach of marketing and economy and imperceptible raising of geotourism values in order to maintain sustainability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Determine the most appropriate corrective method to estimate suspended sediment load (Case Study: Tange Bostanak Watershed)
احمد Nohegar محمد Kazemi seyed javad Ahmadi حمید Gholami رسول MahdaviAccurate estimation of the sediment amount carried by a watershed drainage system in the design of all projects in water and soil conservation is essential. Due to convert logarithmic sediment rating curves, sediment regression equations is necessary to correct too bias MoreAccurate estimation of the sediment amount carried by a watershed drainage system in the design of all projects in water and soil conservation is essential. Due to convert logarithmic sediment rating curves, sediment regression equations is necessary to correct too biased. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of five methods of rating curve including FAO, MVUE, QMLE, LRC, Ls and β in the case of no category situations. Root mean square of error, coefficient of efficiency indicators, General Standard Deviation, Precision, Difference relation and Relative error were used to evaluate the performance of sediment rating curves and to choose the best of them. The result showed LQMLE method with RMSE=3.663, CE=92.1, GSD=0.556, r=1.01, RE=33% and P=1.01 is the best method of calculating sediment and FAO and LS models (with root mean square error of 6.24 and efficiency coefficient 76.3), (the root mean square error of 4.87 and 85.7 efficiency coefficient) are the weakest model in estimating the suspended sediment basin. n general, different methods and different correction factors in non-categorized of sediment rating curves, can be concluded that in most models and methods LQMLE and MVUE are the best methods of estimating the suspended sediment load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Effect of spraying zinc sulfate solution on yield and enrichment of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties under different patterns of periodic irrigation
Babak Peykarestan Taiebeh BasakiThis experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three repl MoreThis experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak in 2014 and 2015. All furrow irrigation (control, I1) and every other furrow irrigation (I2), and alternative every other furrow irrigation (I3) as the main plot and solution spraying levels including Zn 1 (No injection Zn), Zn 2 (Drop Zn) and Zn 3 (Fast Zn) were the subplots. Also, sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties (sweet and ultra-sweet) were considered as the subplots. Parameters under investigation included plant height, seed yield, one thousand seed weight, harvest index, seed Zn content and leaf proline content. Interaction effects of the treatments increased plant height by 33%, grain yield by 27%, one thousand seed weight by 21%, and harvest index by 13%. The highest amount of cannable grain yield was observed in periodic irrigation, zinc fast in Challenger hybrid while the lowest amount was recorded in every other furrow irrigation treatment without zinc and Chase Hybrid. The highest level of grain zinc content was observed in the alternative irrigation zinc fast treatment in the Challenger hybrid while the lowest level was recorded in every other furrow irrigation without zinc in Chase hybrid which showed significant difference at p≤0.01. The highest interaction of effects was observed in the alternative irrigation treatment, zinc fast, and Challenger cultivar with average harvest index and lowest was observed in every other furrow irrigation, drop Zinc, and Challenger cultivar. According to the results of this study, in low irrigation conditions, application of alternative irrigation pattern and Zinc-fast foliar application in Challenger cultivar is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Essential oils from Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch from two local by Distillation methods
کامکار Jaimand mb Rezaee معصومه MazandraniThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation a MoreThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Comparison of physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of seed oil from Citrus aurantium L. extraction in different extraction methods
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi masoumeh sadeghinikCitrus aurantium L. seed is a by-product of fruit juice industries. In this research, the main fatty acids and phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil were evaluated with the aim of nutritional evaluation and its biological properties. The C. aurantium oil extracted by tw MoreCitrus aurantium L. seed is a by-product of fruit juice industries. In this research, the main fatty acids and phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil were evaluated with the aim of nutritional evaluation and its biological properties. The C. aurantium oil extracted by two methods of cold pressing and using hexane solvent.The C. aurantium seed fatty acids composition was analyzed by GC-MS, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic waves and air pressure on the C. aurantium pulp obtained from cold press extraction by n-hexane was studied. The findings showed that the highest oil yields were obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (25%) compared to other methods. The five fatty acids including 9-oleic (18.07%), Linoleic (36.69%), palmitic (21.90%), stearic acid (6.6%) and 10-oleic acids (1.1%) were the most phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil. According to the obtained results, C. aurantium oil can be considered as a new food source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytochemical compounds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Maryam Rahimi Javad Ali Soufiyan Zeynab Mohkami Ali Ali Ghorbani Ranjbari Fatemeh BidarnamaniNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of p MoreNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of phytochemical properties of neem collected from Bahoklat area in Chabahar city, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2021. Ethanol, methanolic, n-hexane and acetone extracts of neem leaves and fruits were prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by folin-cicalto reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scaving (DPPH) methods, respectively. The results showed that the effect of organ type, solvent type and their interaction on all measured traits was significant. Based on the results, the highest amount of total phenol (48.22 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in acetone leaf extract, and the lowest amount (2.76 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in hexane extract of fruit. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoids was observed in acetoin fruit and leaf extracts (4.71 and 4.61 mg Quercetin / g dry weight, respectively) and the lowest amount (3.22 mg quercetin / g dry weight) was obtained in the hexane extract of fruit. The highest and the lowest antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic leaf extract (94.77%) and acetone extract of fruit (12.02%), respectively. Therefore, neem leaf is suggested as a useful source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Evaluation of genetic diversity, harvest time and drying methods in Mentha piperita L. accessions based on phytochemical traits
Zahra bashirzadeh Mehdi Mohebodini Roghayeh Fathi Seyed Yaghob seyed masoumiMentha piperita, is a member of the Lamiaceae family commonly known as Peppermint an important medicinal plant. This plant is used as a flavoring in chewing gum, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, different accessions of this plant were collecte MoreMentha piperita, is a member of the Lamiaceae family commonly known as Peppermint an important medicinal plant. This plant is used as a flavoring in chewing gum, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, different accessions of this plant were collected from different regions of Iran. An experiment was conducted in 2021 year based on randomized complete block design to evaluate the phytochemical traits of these accessions in the half-flowering stage in Meshginshahr climatic condition. Their essential oils were extracted in the half-flowering and full-flowering stages by using clevenger apparatus. The results showed that there were significant differences among studied traits among. There are significant differences among accessions in traits of chlorophyll a, essential oil 50 and 100 percent flowering and oven (40 0C) drying method were significant at 1% probability level. There were no significant differences among anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids, essential oil 50 and 100 flowering and drying method shade. Comparison of mean traits showed that the important traits such as anthocyanins (0.93-2.37 mg/g), flavonoids (0.94-2.95 mg/g), essential oil 50 flowering and drying method shade (0.44-2.06) and essential oil 100 percent flowering and oven, (0.72-3.09) were varied among accessions. Maximum correlation was shown between Chlorophyll b and carotenoids (0.98). The Ardabil, Zanjan and Hamedan were the best superior to other accessions. Therefore, superior accessions can be used in breeding programs in order to produce better cultivars in terms of essential oil content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Task-based Language Teaching in L2 English Writing Classrooms: Insights from Chinese Senior Secondary Schools
Miner Chen -
Open Access Article
242 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Obstacles to Implementing Student-Centered Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study
Mohammad Hemmati Faramarz Aziz Malayeri -
Open Access Article
243 - The Impact of Education on Social and Cultural Aspects of Sustainable Development in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Sarvgol Taghipour Ghaffar Zarei -
Open Access Article
244 - Methods of Teaching Art in Elementary Schools and its Accreditation
Zeinab Mirshekari Zohreh Saadatmand Narges keshtiaray -
Open Access Article
245 - Imam Reza's(AS) cultural polocies in uniting and synchornizing Islamic religions
Ali Asqar Khosravi Hafshajani hoseyn khosravi Ali Elhami Sohrab EslamiThe Islamic World is facing a variety of challenges nowadays. It is therefore necessary to pave the path for making the Islamic branches closer together in order to overcome the challenges. There is no doubt that all faithful Muslims know that one of the reasons of the MoreThe Islamic World is facing a variety of challenges nowadays. It is therefore necessary to pave the path for making the Islamic branches closer together in order to overcome the challenges. There is no doubt that all faithful Muslims know that one of the reasons of the greatness of Islam is the closeness and unification of Islamic religions despite the differences and disputes. The stronger this unification among Islamic branches including Shias and Sunnis get, there will be more chances and opportunities prepared for the Islamic world to face their enemies. But what is worrying is the ignition of adversaries, hostilities and spiting among different branches and cults of Islam. Actually the disputes in religious jurisprudence and some of the nonfundamental issues which are the natural result of free thought and the practice of religious jurisprudence are not innately dangerous and the goal of religious unification is not diminishing and destroying the differences themselves but its most important goal is not to let these differences cause adversaries and let brotherhood and closeness replace disputes and separation. The sayings, books and behavior of Imam Reza(AS) show that during his fruitful life he carried out serious efforts to unite the religions. The theory of this research is the effectiveness of Imam Reza’s teachings in religious unification according to holy Quran, sayings and his debates. This descriptive analytical research starts first by notetaking from different sources, then categorizing them and at last analyzing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Applying Semi-parametric and Wavelets Methods to Study Persistent Rate of Inflation in Iran
Ahma Jafari Samimi Roozbeh BaloonejadIn this study, the existence of inflation persistent rate is examined in Iran. For this purpose, the degree of fractional integration is estimated by using GPH, Robinson adjustment, Reisen, Whittle, wavelets methods and consumer price index data of Central Bank during 1 MoreIn this study, the existence of inflation persistent rate is examined in Iran. For this purpose, the degree of fractional integration is estimated by using GPH, Robinson adjustment, Reisen, Whittle, wavelets methods and consumer price index data of Central Bank during 1972-2010. The results indicate a persistent rate of inflation in Iran. The stationary and persistence of inflation rate indicates that, by a shock in inflation rate, its effects remains for a long time. This may be considered by economic decision-makers to select appropriate policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Bayesian Analysis of Spatial Probit Models for Investigating the Adoption of High Yielding Wheat Varieties
Anahita Nazari Gooran Vali BorimnejadThe aim of this study, firstly, is to investigate and identify the factors leading to the adoption of high yielding wheat varieties grown by farmers. Secondly, it is to consider the impacts of neighborhood on farmers’ decisions about adoption of wheat varieties as MoreThe aim of this study, firstly, is to investigate and identify the factors leading to the adoption of high yielding wheat varieties grown by farmers. Secondly, it is to consider the impacts of neighborhood on farmers’ decisions about adoption of wheat varieties as spatial data. For this purpose, Spatial Probit Discrete Choice model and Bayesian method will be used to estimate the model by using MATLAB software. The data are collected by 214 farmers in central part of Qazvin city via Simple Random Sampling. The results of the models estimated by using Bayesian method shows that adoption of high yielding wheat varieties are affected by variables such as rural production cooperatives, farming experience, age, quantity of wheat production and Spatial Autoregressive Coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - The Persistence of Inflation in Iran: A Fractionally Integrated Approach
hosein amiri aliasghar salem marjaneh beshkhorThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated MoreThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated (FI) approach was modeled and in the later phase inflation memory parameter has been estimated by using classic methods (the Geweke and Porter-Hudak semi parametric method nonlinear least squares, exact maximum likelihood, and a minimum distance estimator) and Bayesian methods. The results of the estimation in both methods show that the inflation rate in Iran is stable. Stability of inflation rates has important implications for policy-making, especially monetary policy, so that due to the impact of economic shocks on inflation, its effects will be last for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to policy makers identify the major sources of distorting inflation, including dependence on oil resources, no attention to the role and function of the reserve fund, the government budget deficit, central bank dependence and the existence of structural problems and consider appropriate approaches in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Routing in a Wireless Multilayer Physical Network by Balanced Utilization Approach and Minimum Energy Using a Firefly Optimization Algorithm
Abolghasem Nadali -
Open Access Article
250 - Electricity load forecasting using hybrid models based on Multi-Layer Perceptrons Neural Network and Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average models
Fateme Chahkoutahi Mehdi KhasheiNowadays, saving time and economy of each country requires proper planning, decision making, and rational forecasts in different areas. One of the most well-known areas that has received a lot of attention is electricity forecasting. The features of the electricity whic MoreNowadays, saving time and economy of each country requires proper planning, decision making, and rational forecasts in different areas. One of the most well-known areas that has received a lot of attention is electricity forecasting. The features of the electricity which makes it distinguished from other commodities are the impossibility of storing it and the existence of seasonality and nonlinear and ambiguity pattern in electricity data set. These features of the electricity makes it more difficult to forecast using traditional methods. Therefore, in this paper, a parallel optimal hybrid model using seasonal linear and nonlinear methods is proposed to forecast the electricity load forecasting. The main idea of this model is the use of the advantages of individual models in the modeling of complex systems in a structure, simultaneously. Experimental results indicate that in this method due to the use of a direct weighting method, the computational cost of modeling it is significantly lower than other parallel hybrid methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - A Comprehensive Review on Data-Driven Techniques in Smart Power Grids
Khalegh Behrouz Dehkordi Homa Movahednejad Mahdi SharifiAs a promising vision toward obtaining high reliability and better energy management, nowadays power grid is transferring to the smart grid (SG). This process is changing continuously and needs advanced methods to process big data produced by different segments. Artific MoreAs a promising vision toward obtaining high reliability and better energy management, nowadays power grid is transferring to the smart grid (SG). This process is changing continuously and needs advanced methods to process big data produced by different segments. Artificial intelligence methods can offer data-driven services by extracting valuable information which is produced by meter devices and sensors in smart grids. To this end, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), reinforcement learning (RL), and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be applied. These methods are able to process huge amounts of data and propose an appropriate solution to solve power industry complex problems. In this paper, the state-of-the-art approaches based on artificial intelligence used by smart power grids for applications and data sources are investigated. Also, the role of big data in smart power grids, and its features such life cycle, and efficient services such as forecast, predictive maintenance, and fault detection are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Investigation of the dynamic response of the subsea transmission pipeline under explosion impact using experimental and numerical methods
Hamid nasiri mohammad asadian ghahferokhi Madjid Ghodsi Hassanabad amin bahmanpourSea and high seas are very important, which can be considered in two aspects. On the one hand, the seas have economic, commercial, logistical, military, and geopolitical advantages, in addition, they pave the way for increased maritime diplomacy. In addition to these ad MoreSea and high seas are very important, which can be considered in two aspects. On the one hand, the seas have economic, commercial, logistical, military, and geopolitical advantages, in addition, they pave the way for increased maritime diplomacy. In addition to these advantages, the harsh natural conditions at sea, such as the presence of high waves, tsunamis, sea ice, as well as ammunition and unused military equipment buried under water left over from the First and Second World Wars, also from the imposed war, which could impose a lot of potential human and financial risks due to explosions. In this paper, using the Abaqus finite element software, the dynamic response of a cylindrical tube buried in the sea subjected to the explosion is investigated applying numerical and experimental methods. Finite element models based on the experimental models were examined and the numerical results were compared with the experimental data. The results indicated that the maximum impact wave pressure, bubble propagation duration and displacement due to the cylinder deformation in the experimental and finite element analysis were well compatible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Development of a two-stage method based on optimization algorithms and smart calculation methods in structural damage detection
Behrouz Safa Asghar Rasouli Yahya NasiraAmong the countless methods that have been proposed in the field of structural damage detection, the finite element model updating method has been very popular. However, the accuracy and efficiency of this method decrease drastically when the number of variables in the MoreAmong the countless methods that have been proposed in the field of structural damage detection, the finite element model updating method has been very popular. However, the accuracy and efficiency of this method decrease drastically when the number of variables in the problem increases, and this is a problem when dealing with large structures with a large number of elements. In this research, a two-step method is proposed, which is capable of reducing the size of the damage detection problem introduced to the updated model by identifying damaged structural members through a damage index based on static strain energy in the first step. Therefore, only a few variables are introduced to the second step, which include a process of updating the finite element model. This second step actually consists of an iterative process of updating the model, which uses a new and damage-sensitive objective function to detect the severity of damage in the elements identified in the previous step. Also, a meta-exploratory optimizer named equilibrium optimizer is utilized to determine the value of the unknown variables of the problem, which are the damage values of the elements introduced by the first step. The proposed method has also been tested on a number of numerical samples to check the effectiveness of the method in the presence of external disturbing factors such as measurement noise. A comparative study has been done to compare the results. According to the results, the proposed method is able to detect the location and severity of damage in different structures, and measurement noises and modal information only from the first few vibration modes do not have much impact on the accuracy of the results. A laboratory study has also been conducted to find out the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method in real structures, and according to the results, the proposed method is well able to detect damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Development of a two-stage method based on optimization algorithms and smart calculation methods in structural damage detection
Behrouz Safa Asghar Rasouli Yahya NasiraAmong the countless methods that have been proposed in the field of structural damage detection, the finite element model updating method has been very popular. However, the accuracy and efficiency of this method decrease drastically when the number of variables in the MoreAmong the countless methods that have been proposed in the field of structural damage detection, the finite element model updating method has been very popular. However, the accuracy and efficiency of this method decrease drastically when the number of variables in the problem increases, and this is a problem when dealing with large structures with a large number of elements. In this research, a two-step method is proposed, which is capable of reducing the size of the damage detection problem introduced to the updated model by identifying damaged structural members through a damage index based on static strain energy in the first step. Therefore, only a few variables are introduced to the second step, which include a process of updating the finite element model. This second step actually consists of an iterative process of updating the model, which uses a new and damage-sensitive objective function to detect the severity of damage in the elements identified in the previous step. Also, a meta-exploratory optimizer named equilibrium optimizer is utilized to determine the value of the unknown variables of the problem, which are the damage values of the elements introduced by the first step. The proposed method has also been tested on a number of numerical samples to check the effectiveness of the method in the presence of external disturbing factors such as measurement noise. A comparative study has been done to compare the results. According to the results, the proposed method is able to detect the location and severity of damage in different structures, and measurement noises and modal information only from the first few vibration modes do not have much impact on the accuracy of the results. A laboratory study has also been conducted to find out the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method in real structures, and according to the results, the proposed method is well able to detect damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - A Fuzzy Multi-objective Optimization Model in Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design Considering Financial Flow
Seyed Hesamoddin Motevalli Adel Pourghader Chobar Maryam Ebrahimi Raheleh AlamiparvinIntegrated and coordinated planning of the main functions of the supply chain (procurement, production and distribution) often leads to economic efficiency and, as a result, more profit for the entire supply chain. On the other hand, the financial flow and the flow of g MoreIntegrated and coordinated planning of the main functions of the supply chain (procurement, production and distribution) often leads to economic efficiency and, as a result, more profit for the entire supply chain. On the other hand, the financial flow and the flow of goods and information are crucial and influential flows in any supply chain. In this paper, the main contribution is to integrated planning of procurement, production and distribution for a multi-product supply chain in order to maximize the producer's profit and also minimize the deviations of the producer's financial indicators by considering both the physical and financial flow. In this regard, the studded supply chain includes several suppliers, one producer and several customers. One of the prominent features of the proposed model is the use of mathematical programming to model the financial flow and achieve the producer's financial goals. Since the presented model is a bi-objective one, two fuzzy multi-objective interactive methods, Selim and Ozkarahan (SO) and Torabi and Hassini (TH) can adjust the degree of satisfaction of the objective functions have been applied. Next, the model is optimized using the goal programming method. Finally, the numerical results in optimizing the proposed fuzzy model show the proposed model's efficiency and the high quality of performance and applicability of the proposed model. The core achievement in the numerical results is that the total value of the distribution in the two models is equal. However, the SO method obtains more unbalanced solutions when the decision maker pays more attention to the first objective function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - ranking the factors that determine the neccesity of electronic citizen in the curriculum of the first high school
maryam fotouhinia kambiz poushaneh ali akbar khosravi babadiAbstract The purpose of the research was the ranking of the effective factors on the studying of the electronic citizen in educational method ,The research method is applied and for the research method, it is a descriptive survey. In this research, all professors of the MoreAbstract The purpose of the research was the ranking of the effective factors on the studying of the electronic citizen in educational method ,The research method is applied and for the research method, it is a descriptive survey. In this research, all professors of the seminary and the university in the field of educational sciences from the statistical community are studied. According to the method performed, the minimum sample is 5 people and the maximum sample is 10 people, of which 10 people were selected. In this study, the data collection tool is the AHP questionnaire created by the researcher and interviewed by experts. The results of this study show that the factor of inventive and critical thinking in the first rank and then the factor of productivity in the second rank and the factor of digital literacy in the third rank and the quality factor of the educational system in the fourth rank and the factor of effective communication in the fifth rank of importance. The most important role is played by the educational institution in educating people, especially the education of useful citizens. By training an electronic citizen, you can prevent many costs, waste of energy and opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Comparing Cell Phone-Based and Traditional Lecture-Based Teaching Methods' Effects on Agricultural Students' Learning
Abdolhamid Papzan Adel SulaimanyRegarding the increased speed of creating new knowledge and the development of communication technologies, like cell phone, which makes it possible the access to various unlimited resources and data in an unlimited time and place, and regarding many positive aspects of MoreRegarding the increased speed of creating new knowledge and the development of communication technologies, like cell phone, which makes it possible the access to various unlimited resources and data in an unlimited time and place, and regarding many positive aspects of applying it in schools and the necessity of adjusting with changes and the correct use of this new technology, the present research was conducted to examine the effect of teaching via cell phone on students learning in Khooshehaye Zarin agricultural school in Rawansar, Kermanshah province, and comparing it with traditional lecture method. In a semi-experimental research method, 30 male students were selected through random sampling method as the research sample, divided into two paired groups, 15 for experimental group and 15 for control group, based on age, educational status, previous grade point average and family economical status. Data collection tool was a 10 item test based on behavioral objectives. The experimental group was taught in two sessions of two hours through cell phone, and the control group was taught the same topic through traditional lecture method in exactly the same amount of time. Post–test was performed on two groups through the above-mentioned 10 item test and the results were analyzed through t test method. The results showed that teaching via cell phone has more effects on students learning compared with traditional lecture method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Efficiency of Preventing Short Message Service on Students Attitudes and Self-Efficiency towards Drug Abuse
Daruosh JalaliThe aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of preventing short message service (SMS) method with the teaching method using informative pamphlet on high school students' attitude and self-efficiency towards drug abuse. The research was a semi- experimental one wh MoreThe aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of preventing short message service (SMS) method with the teaching method using informative pamphlet on high school students' attitude and self-efficiency towards drug abuse. The research was a semi- experimental one which was done by pretest – posttest with three months follow up with control group. Statistical population included 22000 male, high- school students of Shar-e-Kord in 2010. The sample consisted of 138 students who were randomly selected using multi- stage sampling, and divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control groups). Both experimental and control groups completed the Attitude Toward Drug Abuse Inventory (Ghorbani, 2001) and Self - Efficiency Inventory (Scheerer et al., 1998) during pretest, posttest and follow up phases. While the first experimental group received preventive short messages for 45 days, the second experimental group received information about disadvantages of drug abuse by informative pamphlet in 45 days. The results of the analysis of MANCOVA revealed that the preventive methods on changing attitude and improving self- efficiency about drug abuse were effective (P > 0/05). However the effect of SMS method was more than that of the pamphlet method. The follow-up results indicated that the effect of SMS method was permanent, while the effect of pamphlet method was not (P > 0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Antimicrobial effect of walnut leaves aqueous extract and comparison of disc diffusion and wells methods
Afshin alimohammadi Afshin Javadi Elham YaghmaToday food safety is a public health issue. One of the methods of healthy food production is the use of natural materials. The use of essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods. Antimicrobial compositions obtained MoreToday food safety is a public health issue. One of the methods of healthy food production is the use of natural materials. The use of essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods. Antimicrobial compositions obtained from plants were removed by different mechanisms of antibiotics, in which the effective influences of walnut and its components are significant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of walnut leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), determine the optimal amount of extract and sensitivity to each of the bacteria against the extract and determine the most sensitive method of the study. In this study, the leaves was extracted from the walnut and then the antimicrobial properties of the extract and its optimal concentrations were measured using disc and well methods on S. aureus and E. coli. Based on the results, the extract of walnut leaves in the concentrations of 12.5% up to the above has antimicrobial effect. By increasing the amount of extract, the growth rate of the bacteria significantly decreases (p<0.01). The highest non-growth halo in both methods was obtained from the control sample containing chloramphenicol disk on the E. coli (24 mm) and after it, the sample that contain 50% extract on S. aureus had 13.33 non-growth halo in the well method, and in the disc method, the 50% extract of S. aureus had the highest non-growth halo (11 mm). In fact, S. aureus was more susceptible to walnut leaves extract than E. coli in both methods. However, between the two methods, the sensitivity of the wells samples was more than the discontinuation method. The overall result shows that the sample containing 50% walnut leaf extract on S. aureus has the most antimicrobial activity among other samples after the control sample (chloramphenicol disc on E. coli). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - اثر روشهای مختلف خشککردن بر برخی ویژگیهای بیوشیمیایی گل گاوزبان ایرانی
آرش سعیدی حسینعلی اسدی قارنهمقدمه و هدف: گل گاوزبان ایرانی(Echiumamoenum Fisch. &Mey)از گیاهان دارویی اندمیک ایران و متعلق به خانواده براژیناسه است که گلبرگهای بنفش آن از زمانهای گذشته در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار میگرفته است. خشککردن از مهمترین فرآیندهای پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی است که Moreمقدمه و هدف: گل گاوزبان ایرانی(Echiumamoenum Fisch. &Mey)از گیاهان دارویی اندمیک ایران و متعلق به خانواده براژیناسه است که گلبرگهای بنفش آن از زمانهای گذشته در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار میگرفته است. خشککردن از مهمترین فرآیندهای پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی است که میتواند بر ویژگیهای کیفی آنها مؤثر باشد. روش تحقیق: این پژوهش در سال 1394 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) انجام شد. روشهای مختلف خشککردن شامل خشککردن در سایه، آفتاب و استفاده از دماهای مختلف آون (45، 65 و 85 درجه سانتیگراد) و توانهای مختلف میکروویو (200، 300 و 400 وات) بودند. مدت زمان خشکشدن گلبرگهای گل گاوزبان ایرانی، کلروفیل کل، میزان کارتنوئیدها، آنتوسیانین کل و فلاونوئیدهای نمونههای مورد ارزیابی از مهمترین صفات اندازهگیری شده بودند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد روشهای مختلف خشککردن تأثیر معنیداری بر زمان خشکشدن، میزان کلروفیل کل، محتوای کارتنوییدها، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین کل دارد. بیشترین و کمترین زمان خشکشدن بهترتیب در روشهای سایه خشک و توان 400 وات مایکروویو مشاهده شد. میزان آنتوسیانین کل با افزایش دمای آون و توان مایکروویو کاهش یافت. همچنین بیشترین مقادیر کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید در روش سایه- خشک اندازهگیری شدند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، جهت خشککردن گلبرگهای گاوزبان ایرانی، روش سایه- خشک به دلیل حفظ ویژگیهای کیفی آن پیشنهاد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - تاثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره سرخارگل
طالب قبائی سمیه نظیرزاده حسن نورافکنمقدمه و هدف: جنس اکیناسه که معمولا با نام سرخارگل بنفش شناخته می شود یک گیاه دارویی مهم است که قرن ها به طور معمول به عنوان درمان سرماخوردگی، سرفه، برونشیت، عفونت های تنفسی فوقانی و برخی التهابات مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر شش روش مختلف خشک ک Moreمقدمه و هدف: جنس اکیناسه که معمولا با نام سرخارگل بنفش شناخته می شود یک گیاه دارویی مهم است که قرن ها به طور معمول به عنوان درمان سرماخوردگی، سرفه، برونشیت، عفونت های تنفسی فوقانی و برخی التهابات مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر شش روش مختلف خشک کردن برای به دست آوردن بیشترین ماده موثره انجام شد.روش تحقیق: برای تعیین تاثیر روش های خشک شدن بر میزان و کیفیت مواد موثره، نمونه ها در شش روش خشک کردن (خورشید، سایه، گلخانه و خشک کردن صنعتی در دمای 50 درجه سلسیوس، 60 درجه سانتی گراد و 80 درجه سانتی گراد) خشک شدند. مواد مؤثره نمونه ها با روش اولترا سونیک با امواج مافوق صوت استخراج گردیده و مقادیر مشتقات کافئیک اسید ، آلکامیدها (8 و 9) با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا و مقدار ترکیبات فنل کل گیاه با دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتری اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که نمونه های خشک شده در گلخانه با پوشش پلاستیکی دارای بیشترین مقادیر کلروژنیک اسید (3.180 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک)، اکیناکوزید ( 4.29 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک)، سیناریک اسید ( 1.55 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک) و محتوای فنل کل (363 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک) میباشند. همچنین نمونه های خشک شده در سایه دارای بالاترین مقادیر کافتاریک اسید (25.8 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک)، شیکوریک اسید (36.57 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک) و آلکامیدها (361.1 میکروگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک ) میباشند.توصیه کاربردی: به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق میتوان اظهار نمود که خشک کردن با استفاده از گلخانه با پوشش پلاستیکی و خشک کردن در سایه برای بدست آوردن بالاترین مقدار ترکیبات مواد مؤثره در سرخارگل مناسب می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - تأثیر روش های آون و سایه خشک بر درصد و اجزای اسانس کلوس (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff)
فرنام میرحسینی مهدی رحیم ملک عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: کلوس ((Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff یکی از گیاهان ارزشمند خانواده چتریان Apiaceae)) است که به عنوان گیاه دارویی و ادویهای مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. با توجه به اهمیت خشک کردن بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس، در این تحقیق اثر دو روش خشک کردن بر درصد و اجزای اس Moreمقدمه و هدف: کلوس ((Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff یکی از گیاهان ارزشمند خانواده چتریان Apiaceae)) است که به عنوان گیاه دارویی و ادویهای مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. با توجه به اهمیت خشک کردن بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس، در این تحقیق اثر دو روش خشک کردن بر درصد و اجزای اسانس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: آزمایش به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی شهرکرد انجام شد. تیمارها شامل خشک کردن در دمای محیط (سایه) و آون (45 درجه سانتی گراد) و نمونه تر (گیاه تازه) بود. اجزای اسانس ها به روش تقطیر با آب به وسیله دستگاه GC و GC/MSتجزیه و شناسایی شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری بین دو روش مورد استفاده در میزان و درصد ترکیبات اسانس وجود داشته است. بازده اسانس در روش های خشک کردن در سایه و آون به ترتیب 50/1 و 26/1 درصد بود. بیشترین درصد ترکیب اسانس در کلیه روش ها سیس لیگوستیلید بود که بیشترین میزان آن (3/68 درصد) در آون 45 درجه سانتی گراد و کمترین میزان این ترکیب در اسانس نمونه تر (6/16) درصد بود. بالاترین میزان تیمول در اسانس حاصل از نمونه تر 33/12 درصد بود که تفاوت معنی داری با سایر روش ها داشت. توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق تأثیر مثبت خشک کردن در دمای محیط (سایه) در افزایش بازده و ترکیبات اسانس را نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Recent Progress in Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Their Green Applications in Organic Transformations
Shripad Patil Ashwini Bedre -
Open Access Article
264 - Novel Silica-coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Synthetic Applications
Shripad Patil -
Open Access Article
265 - CHEBYSHEV ACCELERATION TECHNIQUE FOR SOLVING FUZZY LINEAR SYSTEM
س.ح ناصری H. عطاری -
Open Access Article
266 - Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility in Weast African Dwarf Goats Fed Raw or Processed Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Seed
F.O. Ahamefule M.D. Udo -
Open Access Article
267 - Association between Yearling Weight and Calpastatin and Calpain Loci Polymorphism in Iranian Zel Sheep
E. Dehnavi M. Ahani Azari S. Hasani M.R. Nassiry M. Mohajer A.R. Khan Ahmadi L. Shahmohamadi S. Yousefi -
Open Access Article
268 - Comparative Effect of Different Milking Methods and Udder Hygiene on Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality in Dairy Cows
Z. Rehman Khalil S. Akhter A. Rahman I. Ahmad S. Khan S.M. Sohail I. Amin Khalil F. Ullah -
Open Access Article
269 - Genetic Algorithm Study and Applications in Engineering and Water Resources Management
Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaei Ali shahidi Shahidi seyed reza hashemiConsidering extent and complexity of water resources systems, it is necessary and requires a comprehensive optimization process to determine the policy and select options and proper strategies For proper operation of water resources systems in different circumstances. I MoreConsidering extent and complexity of water resources systems, it is necessary and requires a comprehensive optimization process to determine the policy and select options and proper strategies For proper operation of water resources systems in different circumstances. In this study the necessity of using evolutionary optimization techniques and discussed a brief description on how to implement a genetic algorithm operators as the most evolutionary practical methods. More studies on genetic algorithm are presented in several sections. In the following, has been investigated advantages and limitations of genetic algorithm and then, presented research on several sections.The results show that Genetic algorithms in solving various problems of water resources, efficiently comes from dissolving the issues with a large space and solve complex problems while ability to achieve the global optimum can be provide in different conditions a series of acceptable answers as solutions. For increase the efficiency of the algorithm and achieving better solutions, According to the nature of the problem can be take optimal advantage of improved versions or combine with simulation models or other methods of mathematical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Investigate and Compare the Performance of Channel and Low Pressure Polyethylene Pipes for Hydraulic (Case Study: Plain of Shush)
Mahmoud Malekpour Behrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construct MoreIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells and the abundance of underground water reserves, the surface of these waters has fallen sharply, with increasing population, it is necessary to use modern methods of irrigation for optimal use of aquifers and cemeteries.For this reason, in this study, a case study was carried out in Araez Plain, located in the city of Susa, and compared the implementation of canal and one of the newest methods of irrigation, polyethylene low pressure pipe, using hydraulic, using the basics of design, maps, documents Contract, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field visits from the stages of material supply, implementation, duration of implementation.The results showed that due to lower water losses and optimal water use, the speed of operation and ease of implementation, the delivery of water to operators in shorter time, less land plots, and the optimal use of hydraulic hydraulics, polyethylene low pressure pipe Canal is preferable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Introducing and criticizing some of Sufi's didactic and educational methods up to the sixth century
احمد امین اعظم سیامک دستجردیRealization of the law and the way of reaching the truth without the guidance of someone who has gone this way is not possible. Some Sufi masters who have reached this status or are somewhat close to it because they have taken the responsibility for educating others. Fo MoreRealization of the law and the way of reaching the truth without the guidance of someone who has gone this way is not possible. Some Sufi masters who have reached this status or are somewhat close to it because they have taken the responsibility for educating others. For this purpose they have used various educational and training practices. This study is in the response to the question of what these educational methods are and how they have used. After introducing some of the educational methods of Sufi masters with regard to prose mystical sources up to the sixth century, some anecdotes associated with each method have discussed and they have been criticized. It should be noted that few researches have been done related to this issue. It can be concluded that despite differences in teaching methods of Sufi masters, there had been same training patterns among them such as: question and answers, punishment, traveling and expelling from the spiritual environment, paying attention to positive behavior of other great men in different schools, lack of attention to their bad behavior, etc….. Paying attention to the capacity of disciples and ultimately the motivation and desire to learn are also of remarkable points in Sufi teachings. Posing these issues as a small part of Sufi's educational situation is one of the significant moral and educational fields. Apart from the issue of presenting a teaching history it can be considered as a recommendation to custodians of the current education community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The similarities of Attar's Views with Psychologists' Theories on Educational Methods
Hajar Jamali Mahin Panahi Ahmad SouriThe purpose of the present study is to search and express the commonalities of the theories of educational psychologists with Attar's views on educational methods. Both educational psychologists and Muslim thinkers and mystics, including Attar Neyshabouri, have paid att MoreThe purpose of the present study is to search and express the commonalities of the theories of educational psychologists with Attar's views on educational methods. Both educational psychologists and Muslim thinkers and mystics, including Attar Neyshabouri, have paid attention to the issue of human development and how it is. Attar is one of the greatest mystics of the sixth and early seventh centuries AH. His success in educating beginners (disciples) reveals the need to pay attention to his educational method. This research is a descriptive-analytical research. The method of collecting information is library-base and documentary. In order to achieve and analyze the results, a qualitative approach and content analysis strategy have been used. The statistical population of the research includes the full text of Attar Neyshabouri's books Mantiq al-Tair, Elāhināmeh and Misbatnāmeh.The main question of the research is which of the educational methods proposed in educational psychology has been used in these works and which of the methods used by Attar is close to the point of view of the educational psychologists. The findings show that several centuries ago, Attar used the methods that are presented today in the form of new theories of psychology to train educators. There are many theoretical similarities between Attar's educational methods and the theories of today's educational psychologists. The similarities of Attar's views with psychologists such as Rogers, Maslow, William James, John Dewey, Piaget, Brunner, Bandura, Luria, Vygotsky, Erickson, John Locke, Skinner, Thorndike, Ganymede and Gestalt psychologists are more than others.Key words: Farid al-Din Attar, Mantiq al-Tair, Elāhināmeh, Misbatnāmeh, Educational Methods, Educational Psychology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Assessment of Developmental Levels in Ardabil Villages by Utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods
B. ImaniRecognizing and surveying facilities and abilities and determining the levels of development in rural areas are the first steps in planning and developing process. To this end, this study aims to assess the levels of development in Ardabil villages by utilizing multi-cr MoreRecognizing and surveying facilities and abilities and determining the levels of development in rural areas are the first steps in planning and developing process. To this end, this study aims to assess the levels of development in Ardabil villages by utilizing multi-criteria decision making methods. This research is based on the functional goal and descriptive analysis nature. Statistical population includes 10 villages in Ardabil. The required information includes 76 variables in 7 criteria that were taken from General Population and Housing Census and statistical yearbook 2011. Vikor’s multi-criteria decision making method, Electra and Taxonomy are used to assess the rate of development. Furthermore, we tested the assumptions by using Kendall tau rank correlation in SPSS software. The results of the decision making techniques based on average ranks revealed that villages were not in a balanced situation in terms of developmental criteria, so that out of 10 Ardabil villages 6 of them were developed, 2 of them were semi-developed and 4 of them were not developed. Also, the findings of Kendall tau test showed that there was no significant relationship between two population variables and adjacency of the villages to the county and the obtained average rank. These two components had no effect on rural development, but there was a significant relationship between the employment variable and the average rank in each village which brings the employment percentage with a positive effect on levels of development. Based on the results, some strategies are presented to make and perform the plans in order to have an integrated and balanced development in the county. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - The likely Effect of Precipitation Change on Runoff, Case Study: Jajrood River
alireza shakiba batol bahak zari monavarianOne of the likely effects of climate change is to study the effect of rainfall variations in runoff values Accordingly, in this research catchment namely Jajrood was selected. First, rainfall and runoff data using homogenity test was studied. Then, a statistical period MoreOne of the likely effects of climate change is to study the effect of rainfall variations in runoff values Accordingly, in this research catchment namely Jajrood was selected. First, rainfall and runoff data using homogenity test was studied. Then, a statistical period was chosen . To study the data distribution, many statistical indices such as mean, variance, standard diviation,…were calculated. Wet and dry periods was extracted based on a moving average method . Finally order in make a significant correlation between rainfall and runoff , the correlation coefficient and regression equation were calculated. The result of the research showed that there could be a some periods of dry and wet in the study area , with more lasting dry period. The result also indicated that there is a rather significant correlation between rainfall and runoff . The correlation coefficient and R2 for Jajrood catchment are 0.8389 & 0.7039 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - تخمین سطح برگ گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.) با استفاده از متغیرهای مستقل
محمد حسین امینی فرد مهدی خیاط حسن بیاتسطح برگ یک متغیر کلیدی برای مطالعات فیزیولوژیکی است، بنابراین مدل­های دقیـق و سـاده­ای کـه بتواننـد سـطح بـرگ گیاهان را تعیین کنند در موارد زیادی اهمیت دارند. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین معادله­هایی برای تخمین سطح برگ گیاه با استفاده از طول (L)، عرض (W)، وزن تر ( Moreسطح برگ یک متغیر کلیدی برای مطالعات فیزیولوژیکی است، بنابراین مدل­های دقیـق و سـاده­ای کـه بتواننـد سـطح بـرگ گیاهان را تعیین کنند در موارد زیادی اهمیت دارند. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین معادله­هایی برای تخمین سطح برگ گیاه با استفاده از طول (L)، عرض (W)، وزن تر (FW)، وزن خشک (DW)، طول × طول، عرض × عرض، طول × عرض، طول + عرض، وزن تر × وزن تر و وزن خشک × وزن خشک برگ­های گیاه سرخارگل (Echinaceapurpurea L.) به عنوان گیاه زینتی دارویی بود. بدین منظور آزمایشی در شرایط مزرعه برای بررسی رابطه بین ابعاد و وزن برگ با سطح برگ انجام شد. سطح برگ گیاه با استفاده از دستگاه اندازه­گیری اتوماتیک و ابعاد برگ با خط کش اندازه گیری شدند. مدل خطی با استفاده از طول × عرض (L×W) به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل [LA = 0.575 (L × W) - 0.934] از دقیق­ترین تخمین (R2 = 0.874, RMSE = 2.33) یرای تعیین سطح برگ گیاه سرخارگل بدست آمد. تایید مدل رگرسیونی نشان داد که همبستگی داده­های اندازه­گیری شده با داده­های تخمینی توسط معادله کاملا قابل قبول بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Perceived Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Methods Used to Disseminate Improved Technologies to Rice Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
Tijani Abdulhamid Ahmed Rashid Solagberun Adisa -
Open Access Article
277 - Effect of Services and Facilities of Tobacco Companies Ion Tobacco Crop in Malakand Division, Pakistan
Faheem Khan Bilal Ahmad Badar Siddiqui Nowshad Khan -
Open Access Article
278 - Resolving Methods of Marital Discords and Conflicts of Rural Women – Field Study in Menia Governorate, Egypt
Elham Abdou Mohammed Aly -
Open Access Article
279 - An Assessment of Farmers` Awareness on Extension Services in Nigeria: The Case of Farming Households in Kano State
Hassan Ibrahim Zhou Jing Li Min -
Open Access Article
280 - کلاسبندی تناسب اراضی ایستگاه تحقیقاتی آذربایجان شرقی برای گوجه فرنگی، سیب زمینی، پیاز و لوبیا
Parisa Alamdari Setareh Amanifarدر این پژوهش ارزیابی کیفی تناسب اراضی ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی آذربایجان شرقی برای گوجه­فرنگی، سیب زمینی، پیاز و لوبیا با استفاده از روش محدودیت ساده، روش محدودیت با در نظر گرفتن تعداد و شدت محدودیت و روش­های پارامتریک شامل ریشه دوم و استوری انجام شد. نتایج روش& Moreدر این پژوهش ارزیابی کیفی تناسب اراضی ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی آذربایجان شرقی برای گوجه­فرنگی، سیب زمینی، پیاز و لوبیا با استفاده از روش محدودیت ساده، روش محدودیت با در نظر گرفتن تعداد و شدت محدودیت و روش­های پارامتریک شامل ریشه دوم و استوری انجام شد. نتایج روش­های مختلف نشان داد که فاکتورهای محدود کننده مهم شامل ماده آلی، شوری و قلیایی بودن و کربنات کلسیم به تنهایی یا در ترکیب با هم می­باشند. ارزیابی اراضی نشان دادکه روش محدودیت ساده و محدودیت با در نظر گرفتن تعداد و شدت محدودیت نتایج مشابهی دارند اما روش­های پارامتریک مخصوصا روش ریشه دوم که نتایج آن واقعی­تر می­باشد، نتایج متفاوتی در اکثر موارد ارائه داد. براساس روش ریشه دوم منطقه به صورت مناسب بحرانی برای کشت گوجه­فرنگی و سیب زمینی می­باشد و انتظار می­رود عملکرد حدود 65-40 درصد از تولید دهی بهینه باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Teaching Methods and Tools Used In Food Safety Extension Education Programs in the North Central Region of the United States
Vikram Swaroop Chandra Koundinya Robert A. MartinOne of the ways to ensure food safety is to educate the public. Of the organizations providing food safety education in the United States (U.S.), the Cooperative Extension System (CES) is one of the most reliable. The effectiveness CES programs depends not only on what MoreOne of the ways to ensure food safety is to educate the public. Of the organizations providing food safety education in the United States (U.S.), the Cooperative Extension System (CES) is one of the most reliable. The effectiveness CES programs depends not only on what is being taught but also on how it is taught. Both a needs-based curriculum and how that curriculum is delivered are equally important. This descriptive cross-sectional study using a disproportional stratified random sample identified the teaching methods and tools being used by food safety extension educators of the CES of North Central Region (NCR). A Likert-type scale administered to extension educators revealed that they were adopting a balanced use of teaching methods and tools, and using learner-centered teaching methods in their programs. However, distance education, case studies and podcasts, which are commonly used in education programs, were not being used extensively. We recommend that food safety extension educators of NCR should increase the use of these two teaching methods and tool while continuing to use the current ones. This study has implications for improving food safety education delivery to clients in the NCR and for designing inservice education for food safety extension educators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Geotechnical-Geological studies and tunnel support design at Rudbar-Lorestan dam site, Iran
Saeed Masoud Shamsoddin Parviz Maarefvandz -
Open Access Article
283 - Developing two 4-parameter and 5-parameter exponential smoothing methods with multiplicative trend for demand forecasting
Sobhan Davarpanah Reza Yousefi Zenouz Amir-Reza Abtahi -
Open Access Article
284 - Armentum: a hybrid direct search optimization methodology
Francisco Zorrilla Briones Jaime Sa´nchez Leal Inocente Yuliana Mele´ndez Pastrana -
Open Access Article
285 - An interactive weighted fuzzy goal programming technique to solve multi-objective reliability optimization problem
Tanmay Kundu Sahidul Islam -
Open Access Article
286 - Vibration-based cable tension estimation using two iterative algorithms: Methodology and experimental validation
Latif Doosti Omid Bahar Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany Mohsen Elmi -
Open Access Article
287 - A study of research methodologies used in Master of Library and Information Science students’ dissertations in Islamic Azad University, North Branch of Tehran (1992-2005)
neshaneh pakdamanThe aim of present research is reviewing research methodology of Master of Library and Information Science students’ dissertations in Islamic Azad University, North Branch of Tehran. Content analysis and bibliometrics are two methods used in this research. Finding MoreThe aim of present research is reviewing research methodology of Master of Library and Information Science students’ dissertations in Islamic Azad University, North Branch of Tehran. Content analysis and bibliometrics are two methods used in this research. Findings of the research including 192 Dissertations with frequency of 243 research methods between 1992 and 2005 demonstrate that survey research method with 66.6 percent relative frequency was the most used methods in dissertations among 11 research methods, while historical, experimental and bibliometric research methods together account for 2.5 percent of total methods. It is necessary to be mentioned that during different periods of time other methods were used sporadically and survey research method was one of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Determination of Research Methods Life Process of Library and Information Science Thesis in the Governmental Universities of Iran Submitted During 2005- 2009
ali sharafi Mehdi Alipour Hafezi ali jalali dizajiObjective: This research aimed to determine the research methods life process of Library and Information Science dissertations and thesis in the Governmental Universities of Iran submitted during 2005- 2009. Methodology: Content analysis method has been used this resea MoreObjective: This research aimed to determine the research methods life process of Library and Information Science dissertations and thesis in the Governmental Universities of Iran submitted during 2005- 2009. Methodology: Content analysis method has been used this research. Statistical population contains the 292 dissertations in the10 Governmental Universities of Iran. Data were collected by checklists and analyzed by Excel and SPSS software’s. Findings: Findings showed that 42.81 percent of dissertations, used survey research methods, 13.01 percent content analysis, 11.30 percent citation analysis, 8.22 percent descriptive survey, 6.51 percent library research, 4.45 percent comparative survey, 4.11 percent analytic survey, 3.77 percent evaluative survey, 2.40 percent descriptive, 2.05 percent analytic descriptive, 0.68 percent system design, and remaining 0/68 percent of dissertations used of the experimental research methods. Conclusion: The results show that prevailing research method in the Library and Information Science thesis is related to survey research methods, and weakest trend are related to system design and experimental research methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Analysis of pluralistic methodology and tools in research papers of FaslnameKetabe Iran from 1385 - 1389
Firoozeh Dokhani Atefeh Zarei fahimeh babalhavaejiPurpose: The purpose of this research is analysis of pluralistic methodology and tools in research papers of FaslnameKetabe Iran from 1385 _ 1389. and discussion communication of them to gather and with articles ‘ author. Methodology: This article is performed MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is analysis of pluralistic methodology and tools in research papers of FaslnameKetabe Iran from 1385 _ 1389. and discussion communication of them to gather and with articles ‘ author. Methodology: This article is performed by using content analysis method and. The population was 161 of articles in FaslnameKetabe. Findings: Among161 research papers only 59 cases (36.46%) have benefited of pluralistic methodology and 12 cases (7.4%) of pluralistic tool.So can be said that in this papers pluralistic method and tool have been used very little. Conclusion : According to the results of Kay square test there is a significant relationship between pluralistic method and tool. While, there isn’t significant relationship between authors’ grade in charge of science and education and selection of used methods and tools in research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide by cyclic voltammetry and constant potential methods on copper substrate
majid mirzayee chanigiz dehghanianIn this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced using inexpensive and environmentally friendly methods on the copper substrate. These methods included constant potential and cyclic voltammetry. In the cyclic voltammetry method, GO was deposited on the copper substrate an MoreIn this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced using inexpensive and environmentally friendly methods on the copper substrate. These methods included constant potential and cyclic voltammetry. In the cyclic voltammetry method, GO was deposited on the copper substrate and reduced. In the constant potential method, GO was firstly deposited by a drop cast and then reduced by constant potential method. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. In this study, the results showed that the constant potential method was the best method for the electrochemical reducing of GO. In this way, most functional groups had been reduced. In addition, a high density of the defects and wrinkling of the sheets was observed. The Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test also proved that most of the conductivity belonged to the GO reduced by the constant potential method. Consequently, the method can replace chemical methods for the reducing of GO and eliminate the major weakness of chemical methods that use toxic substances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Drought Monitoring Using Climatic Indices and Geostatistic Technique (Case Study: Hossein Abad Plain, Sarbisheh, Iran)
H Ghasemi A.A Gholami GH.R Hadarbadi H Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
292 - Religious Songs and Mystical Songs: A Comparison from the Perspective of Performance
mohammadamin mohammadpour Aliasghar Babasafari Gholamreza SotodehBy studying the ancient and folk roots of religious and mystical songs, we can find the oldest Persian poems in these songs. In the present article, by using analytical-descriptive method, we compare religious songs with mystical ones from the perspective of performance MoreBy studying the ancient and folk roots of religious and mystical songs, we can find the oldest Persian poems in these songs. In the present article, by using analytical-descriptive method, we compare religious songs with mystical ones from the perspective of performance. One of the most important issues regarding the composition and performance of these songs is the precise identification of the fields of religious and mystical songs. Thus, the form, language and content of the songs are described and analyzed. The research findings show that religious and mystical themes, as two different areas, have formed the main theme of the songs; the content and performance of the songs show the difference between the two themes, and the songwriters were aware, from the beginning, of the difference between the two fields of thought, mysticism and religion. The composers and performers of religious songs are darāvish, chāvosh-khānān, tazieh-khānān and noha-khānān. The creators and performers of mystical songs are called āshiq, suz-khān, beit-khan and tasnif-khān. The tone of these songs is sincere and the music is mostly based on the lyrics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - The Effects of Drug Abuse Prevention Methods on Sensation Seeking, Mental Security and Attitude toward Substance Abuse among Adolescents
Daryoush Jalali Gholamreza Manshei Mohammad Mahdi Mazaherithis study aimed to compare the effectivenesses of three methods of drug abuse prevention: a) cognitive-behavioral social, b) lecture , and c) short message system on sensation seeking, mental security and attitude toward substance abuse among high school students. One Morethis study aimed to compare the effectivenesses of three methods of drug abuse prevention: a) cognitive-behavioral social, b) lecture , and c) short message system on sensation seeking, mental security and attitude toward substance abuse among high school students. One hundred and ninety two high school students were assigned randomly to four groups (three experimental groups, one control group). Participants completed the Attitude toward Drug Abuse Inventory (Ghorbani, 2001), Sensation Seeking Scale (Zukerman, 1969) and Mental Security Inventory (Maslo, 1952) during pretest, posttest, and follow up phases. The first experimental group received 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral social group training (2 hours a week), the second experimental group attended 10 lecture sessions and the third experimental group received preventive short messages for 75 days. The results of MANCOVA indicated that the effects of all three preventive methods on sensation seeking, mental security and attitude toward drug were significant. It was also found that the cognitive-behavioral social method was significantly more effective than the other two methods. The follow-up results indicated that the effects of the preventive methods continued after 100 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Application of Multi criteria decision making methods in studies of environmental hazards in Shadegan Wetland
S. A. Jozi Saffarian Sh.There are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the pr MoreThere are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the present study aimed to determine major environmental risks (the most important environmental important acceptor Abadan gas turbine power plant) and their impact on wetlands Shadegan. As a case study, a questionnaire was prepared in Delphi method and handed to some of the elite and power industry and environmental experts.In this study, to analysis environmental risks Abadan gas power plant on the Shadegan wetland methods of multiple criteria decision making and TOPSIS eigenvector were used. For this purpose, after prioritizing risks of each environment separately using TOPSIS, a one-way ANOVA was used and priority of environmental risk acceptor Abadan gas power plant in the wetland was determined. Results of calculated risk Abadan gas power plant showed that in biological had a physical, chemical and cultural environments the effects on air quality had 0.918 weight, the effect on plant and animal population had a weight of 0.866 and view and landscapes had a weight of 0.796 are The most important risks affecting power plant activity on wetland. More solutions to control and reduce the risks identified for sensitive wetland ecosystem and wildlife shelterd Shadegan. Some of these solutions are: variability of activities within the enclosed invironment, the creation and development of green space using consistent species with the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Evaluation of carrying capacity of Bamdej Wetland of Khuzestan with emphasis on aspects of conservation
S.A. Jozi N. Moradi MajdBamdej Wetland is located 40 km north of Ahwaz, with area of 4000 hectares. Bamdej Wetland is a natural wetland with great ecological, scientific outing and economical value which in case it can be preserved and revived will raise all values as a self regulating collect MoreBamdej Wetland is located 40 km north of Ahwaz, with area of 4000 hectares. Bamdej Wetland is a natural wetland with great ecological, scientific outing and economical value which in case it can be preserved and revived will raise all values as a self regulating collection.First, the ranges of studies were identified ,and four sampling stations were selected. The were sampled randomly. During experiments BOD5, COD, nitrates, phosphates, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, temperature, DO, salinity, TSS and TDS were measured. Then, the results of water quality system are exmind. Ecological evaluation study area was performed using fusion rapid assessment and TOPSIS. In this way resources were based to 13 groups include: the extent of the wetland, vegetation around the wetland, the width of buffer, soil status, connecting with other water sources, depth of wetland, source of water supply, time of wetness, normal disturbances, habitat development, type of wetland cover, and biodiversity of plants. Comparing the annual quality indicator of each station with a table of water quality index indicate that the station 3 is belong to the third group and station 1, 2 and 4, belong to fourth group classification system of water quality indicator. Finally, Bamdej Wetland earned 59 points of 85 possible points of rapid evaluation method. This expression that wetland desirable conservation value is (grade 2). TOPSIS method was used for analys some important ecological factors of Bamdej Wetland. The results confirm that wetness time of Bamdej Wetlands weighing of 1.483 is the most important criteria of its value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - بررسی مروری بر Forging و تأثیر بر قسمت تولید شده
مریم صالح -
Open Access Article
297 - تولید پایدار و گرایش آینده
بهنام خسروزاده -
Open Access Article
298 - Comparative study of optimization algorithms for sizing of Wind Turbine/ Fuel Cell/ Electrolyzer/ Hydrogen Tank in the hybrid stand-alone power system
Hadi Razmi Hasan Doagou-Mojarrad Javad Olamaei -
Open Access Article
299 - Assessing the Effects of Different Incision Techniques on Ferula assafoetida Properties
Najmeh Eskandari Damaneh Mohsen Sharafatmandrad -
Open Access Article
300 - Comparing Mineral and Chemical Compounds, in Vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters of some Range Species in Torbat-e Jam, Iran
Mohsen Kazemi -
Open Access Article
301 - Biological Models for Protecting Different Land Use in Arid Areas China
G.A. Heshmati -
Open Access Article
302 - Internet addiction and some of its demographic correlates in Tehran students
Ramin Alavinejad Shirin Kooshki Anita Baqdasariyans Fatemeh GolshaniThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating some demographic correlates of Internet addiction. The research population was all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year 1997-1998. The sample of this research inclu MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating some demographic correlates of Internet addiction. The research population was all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year 1997-1998. The sample of this research included 800 students aged 18 to 24 who were selected by multi-stage cluster method. Data collection was done using demographic information questionnaire and Internet addiction questionnaire by Yang (1998). Among the studied demographic variables of the field of study, marital status, employment status, parenting methods and the topic of Internet consumption showed a significant difference between normal and problematic Internet users (p ˂ 005). Users who reported their parents as authoritarian or neglectful were significantly more in the group of problematic Internet users (p ˂ 0.1). In general, it seems that the relationship between students' demographic information and Internet addiction can have important implications. Some of these demographic characteristics can be considered in future research in terms of predicting and finding the cause of abnormal behaviors such as Internet addiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Presentation of Multi-indexed Intellectual Capital Assessment Model
محمدرضا نیکبخت زهرا دیانتی دیلمی منصور مومنی حسین احمدیCurrent age is the age of knowledge governance on corporates. The 21st century is known as the century of knowledge-oriented economy based on the intellectual capital. According to researchers, intellectual capital is the most important factor in creating value-added in MoreCurrent age is the age of knowledge governance on corporates. The 21st century is known as the century of knowledge-oriented economy based on the intellectual capital. According to researchers, intellectual capital is the most important factor in creating value-added in companies and their performance. Therefore, measuring intellectual capital is of particular importance in measuring corporate performance. In this research, a multi-criteria model has been provided for evaluating intellectual capital Based on the judgmental sampling method and the availability of information, the sample consisted of 81 companies include: banks, automobiles and related parts, chemicals, investment and pharmaceuticals, and used financial and non-financial information. The research method used is mixed and value (qualitative) judgments is used in modeling; to test hypotheses, quantitative and qualitative methods. . Further evaluations of the proposed model show that given to the results of Friedman test on the questionnaire of experts’ survey, including 22 researchers familiar with the field of intellectual capital, they have more advantage for the proposed model than other indicators, and in the following, Spearman test shows a significant positive relationship among the results of the proposed model and the profitability of corporates across the industries(except investment) , which is consistent with most research conducted in this area. Corporates active in the industries under study can utilize the results of this model for annual assessment of their intellectual capital, and take action for annual planning and evaluating management performance in terms of achieving the goals and aligning it with the corporate overall strategy in the field of intellectual capital through examining the model’s components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Power System Transient Stability Analysis Based on the Development and Evaluation Methods
Mohsen Radan Alireza Tavakoli Dinani -
Open Access Article
305 - Designing of Fuzzy Multi-Objective (FMO) optimization model orientation integration of financial and operational flow in LARG supply network
Sina Aboei Mehrezi Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi Alireza Rashidi KemijanThe purpose of this article was to designing four level supply network with the simultaneous consideration of operational and financial flow in LARG supply network framework in Saipa Yadak Company. The innovation of article was presenting an integrated financial- operat MoreThe purpose of this article was to designing four level supply network with the simultaneous consideration of operational and financial flow in LARG supply network framework in Saipa Yadak Company. The innovation of article was presenting an integrated financial- operational approach to LARG supply network and new aspect of research was considering four levels of suppliers factories distribution centers and customers by Fuzzy Multi-Objective (FMO) optimization at strategic and technical decision-making levels. One of the prominent features of proposed model was use of Goal Programing (GP) for modeling financial flow and achieving producer's financial goals. Since the proposed model was a two objective model SO and TH FMO interactive approaches which are able to adjust degree of satisfaction of the objective functions were used to solve model. Using these approaches in addition to GP the enables decision-maker to make final decision by choosing the right solution based on degree of satisfaction and priority of each objective function. The mathematical model presented in the GAMS optimization software were coded and solved with CPLEX solver. Finally to show the efficiency and fit of the model integrated financial approach of the present article was compared with a non-financial model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - An Assessment of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Hierarchical Model based on Topsis Algorithm
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiPortfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “St MorePortfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “Stocks of Corporation”, “Bonds”, “Fellow of Banking Capital”, “Trading Securities”, and “Governmental Treasury Bills”. Gathering the data by means of a questionnaire distributed among the target population including managers and experts of the Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, we investigate on stock investment methods in foreign market in hierarchical model based on Topsis algouritm. Due to the answers gathered from the questionnaire, we identified 8 factors effective on portfolio investment to be used in topsis algorithm. These effective factors was entered to a decision making matrix, using in ranking portfolio investment styles based on ideal solutions technique. Results showed that the corporation stocks is the first and the top priority for international portfolio investors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Determining the nonlinear effect of the money market interest rate on the Tehran stock exchange by the means of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and smooth transition regression (STR) model
Mohammad Mehdiabadi Rahmatollah MohammadipourAmong macroeconomic variables, interest rates are the most important ones; however, the impact of interest rates on prices and returns on the stock exchange is not so clear. In the other words, the relationship between interest rates and stock prices over time is not co MoreAmong macroeconomic variables, interest rates are the most important ones; however, the impact of interest rates on prices and returns on the stock exchange is not so clear. In the other words, the relationship between interest rates and stock prices over time is not constant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the money market (interbank loan market) interest rates and stock market performance, as well as to investigate the predictability of price behaviour in the Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine effects as well as prediction, GARCH model is applied, also the Brock- Dechert - Scheinkman test (BDS) was used to determine the nonlinear behavior of the series for the stock market risk premium. The research findings confirmed the predictability and nonlinearity relationship between examined variables. Also, the research findings indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between the interbank loan rate with the price to income ratio of the Tehran Stock Exchange Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Examining the Effective Factors on Commercial Bank Profitability of Iran Using Panel ARDL Method
Iraj Shariatzadeh Mehdi Shabanzadeh Gholamreza ZomorodianIn any economic system the role of banks to collect deposits of the banking system (Procurement of resource) and its application in the financing of investment projects (allocation of resource) is very important. Nowadays, Expansion of global markets and increase compet MoreIn any economic system the role of banks to collect deposits of the banking system (Procurement of resource) and its application in the financing of investment projects (allocation of resource) is very important. Nowadays, Expansion of global markets and increase competition in the markets for financial services is affected the profitability of the banking industry, significantly. Given that the profitability of banks is one of functions of banks and a more profitable bank has more power to deal with negative shocks to the market, Therefore, attention to the profitability index as one indicator of evaluating the performance of the banks and its role in decisions related to the mobilization of resources, financing and resource allocation is essential. in this study To achieve this goal, the affective factors on profitability of commercial banks has been modeled and studied during 2009-2013. The scope of this study contains 8 commercial banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange including Eghtesade Novin, Parsian, Karafarin, Pasargad, Mellat, Tejarat, Saderat and Sina. The study also is used the Panel ARDL method to achieve the targets. The results of this study showed that, The ratio of shareholders' equity to assets, The ratio of credit to assets, bank size and inflation have a direct and positive effect on the profitability of commercial banks. So, increasing and improvement of this variables increase the profitability of commercial banks in the short term and long term. However, the effect of credit risk on commercial bank's profitability index is negative. So that increasing of this variable deacrease the profitability of commercial banks in the short term and long term. finally, The results of ECM model reveal that the speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium is low, So that if the shock enters the model the long time require for correct the short-run and long-run imbalance equilibrium and back model to first equilibrium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - The Bankruptcy prediction of Tehran Stock Exchange Using Firefly Algorithm (FA)
ali bayat Seyyed Ali Reza Ahmadi majid mohamadiInvestor, stockholders, managers, beneficiaries, with broke of company, would lost their assets. Thus, existence of mechanism which could be evaluating and expecting of financial crisis of companies, is essential. A lot of research, implemented about expecting of bankru MoreInvestor, stockholders, managers, beneficiaries, with broke of company, would lost their assets. Thus, existence of mechanism which could be evaluating and expecting of financial crisis of companies, is essential. A lot of research, implemented about expecting of bankrupt, which using of smart intelligence algorithms and ultra-discovery, were of the models of recent decay. In this study, with using of information of stock exchange center of TEHRAN (1390-1395), 45 successful firms and 25 bankrupt firms, have been researched. Financial ratios were of the variables of this study, which these variables with using of ultra-discovery algorithm of glowworm, identified as one of the models of smart intelligence and effective ratios in bankrupting. It includes of 9 financial ratios and in long with this process, valid and broke firms have been ranked. Two hypothesis have been codified for this study, which the result of them, in order to justified of these hypothesis, indicating of 95/12 correct expecting of first year, 5/36 for second year, and 80/48 for third year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Solving systems of nonlinear equations using decomposition technique
M. Nili Ahmadabadi F. Ahmad G. Yuan X. Li -
Open Access Article
311 - Application of DJ method to Ito stochastic differential equations
H. Deilami Azodi -
Open Access Article
312 - Solving the liner quadratic differential equations with constant coefficients using Taylor series with step size h
M. Karimian -
Open Access Article
313 - Expansion methods for solving integral equations with multiple time lags using Bernstein polynomial of the second kind
M. Paripour Z. Shojaei S. Abdolahi -
Open Access Article
314 - ABS-Type Methods for Solving $m$ Linear Equations in $\frac{m}{k}$ Steps for $k=1,2,\cdots,m$
Leila Asadbeigi Majid Amirfakhrian -
Open Access Article
315 - A stable iteration to the matrix inversion
Amir Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
316 - The Lindley-Lindley Distribution: Characterizations, Copula, Properties, Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Estimation
Christophe Chesneau Haitham Yousof G. Hamedani Mohamed Ibrahim -
Open Access Article
317 - Stability Analysis of a Staged Progression Susceptibility Model for Infectious Diseases
Jean Pierre II KOUENKAM Gilbert Chendjou Jose MBANG Yves EMVUDU -
Open Access Article
318 - INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SURROGATE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SOLVING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
B. Azarkhalili M. Rasouli P. Moghadas B. Mehri -
Open Access Article
319 - PLANE WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH A PLANER SLAB
Rajneesh Kakar -
Open Access Article
320 - The Relationship between Modern Teaching Methods and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies with the Mediating Role of Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Activities
Maryam Jafari Abolghasem BarimaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between modern teaching methods and self-regulated learning strategies with the mediating role of students’ perceptions of classroom activities. The research was applied in terms of purpose and the meth MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between modern teaching methods and self-regulated learning strategies with the mediating role of students’ perceptions of classroom activities. The research was applied in terms of purpose and the method was descriptive, correlational. The statistical population of this study included 4816 students of Secondary school of Neka. The sample included 381 participants recruited by using Krejcie and Morgan’s Table via stratified random sampling concerning gender. The data were gathered by using three Questionnaires: Valinejad Sangdehee et al.’s (2016) modern teaching methods, Bouffard et al.’s (1995) self-regulated learning strategies, and Gantry et al.’s (2002) perceptions of classroom activities Questionnaires. The reliability of the instruments was calculated to be 0.70, 0.77 and 0.92 respectively using Cronbach’s alpha. To analyze the collected data structural equation modeling was employed using the PLS software. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between modern teaching methods and measuring the perceptions of classroom activities with self-regulated learning strategies. 83.7% of self-regulated learning strategies and 73.3% of perceptions of classroom activities were explained by modern teaching methods. The perceptions of classroom activities had a mediating effect on the relationship between modern teaching methods and self-regulated learning strategies. The indices indicated that the proposed model is an appropriate fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Determining resistant wheat varieties to salinity stress with using multivariable statistical methods
younes dowlat abadi Hamid Najafi Zarini Gholamali Ranjbar Hadi Darzi RamandiIn this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on different varieties of wheat was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Sari in 2015. The study was conducted in two separate experiments. the effec MoreIn this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on different varieties of wheat was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Sari in 2015. The study was conducted in two separate experiments. the effect of three levels of salinity (0, 60 and 120 mM) on 117 varieties at germination stage was investigated and Using data from the first experiment, in second experiment the effects of four salinity levels (0, 60, 120, 180 mm) on 10 varieties at reproductive stage were studied. Both factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Using principal components analysis, 75.56 percent of germination traits by two components and 78.31 percent vegetative traits by three components were interpreted. The results showed that in the vegetative stage, pbt positive correlations between shoot dry weight, shoot length and root dry weight with the total dry weight and in reproductive stage a positive correlation between the total number of seeds and seed yield were observed. Some of the varieties that had high tolerance to salinity stress at germination stage in the growth phase weren't resistant to salinity. According to the results of this research, traits of root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight, are salt stress tolerance traits. Roshan zemestan, Aria and Chamran 2 varieties were identified as tolerant to salt stress and ghahte sarogh, keshe farahan and neyshabur varieties were sensitive to salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Evaluation of the effect of growth stimulating bacteria on the yield and efficiency of wheat water consumption under the influence of irrigation rate and method
ashkan rostamian payam moaveni mehdi sadeghi shoae Hamid Mozafari faezeh rajabzadehThis research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The exp MoreThis research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The experimental factors include the irrigation regime with three levels (irrigation at 40% of available moisture discharge during the entire growth period (normal), normal irrigation until pollination and no irrigation up to 60% of available moisture discharge until the end of the growth period, irrigation until pollination and stop irrigation until the end of the growth period), irrigation methods with 5 levels (regular leakage, leakage of one furrow in the middle of variable, leakage of one furrow in the middle of constant, rain, type (strip-drop)) and the third factor of growth-increasing bacteria with There were two levels (non-use and use (combination of Microbacterium + Azobacter + Azosperlium + Pseudomonas). The results showed that the factor of irrigation regime had a significant effect on biological performance and grain yield, so that the second and third irrigation regimes (respectively with 7.89 and 4.70 tons per hectare) reduced these traits. Different irrigation methods had an effect on different quantitative and qualitative traits, but the most efficient water consumption was achieved in the tip irrigation method with a rate of 3 kg/m3. The use of bacterial integration increased the biological yield and grain to the extent of 9.79 and 13.51 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Effect of Irrigation Systems on the Contamination of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production in Shahpasand Pistachio Cultivar
Mahdi Mohammadi Moghadam Ali Reza Tavakkoli Amir Hossein Mohammadi Mohammad Moradi Hossein Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
324 - The Effect of Different Non-mechanical Treatments on Splitting Pistachio Nuts
S. Shayanfar M. Kashaninejad -
Open Access Article
325 - Matrix analysis of corrosion inhibition phenomena: Theoretical technique for inhibitor prediction and pre-selection
Mohsen Lashgari Mohammad-Reza Arshadi Gholam-Abbas Parsafar -
Open Access Article
326 - Effect of different sowing methods and harvest times on the morphological characteristics and yield of forage sorghum (sorghum bicolor) CV. Speed-Feed in Iranshahr region.
احمد مهربان afsaneh kamali deljoo امید عزیزیان شرمهTo study the effects of different sowing methods and harvest times on the morphological characteristics and forage yield of forag sorghum (CV. Speed-Feed) an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural resources research center of Balouchestan in 2013-2014. The MoreTo study the effects of different sowing methods and harvest times on the morphological characteristics and forage yield of forag sorghum (CV. Speed-Feed) an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural resources research center of Balouchestan in 2013-2014. The experiment was conducted as strip plots in a randomized complete block design with3 replications. Three sowing methodsviz.Broadcasting, drill and furrow planting and three harvest times viz 50, 60 and 70 days aftersowing were considered as vertical and horizontal strips respectively.Morphological characteristics including plant, fresh and dry weight of stems and leaves ratio, N, P, K and protein percents were measured.Results showed that sowing method had significan effects on the plant, Fresh and dry weight, tiller number per plant and Fresh and dry weight, of leaves and stems, but it wasn’t affected leaf length, leaf width, leaf number per stem. Leaf to stem ratio, N, P, K and protein percent significantly. Maximum fresh and dry fodder yields with 108.3 and 27.23 ton/hec were observed in furrow and drill planting respectively. Harvest time had significant effect on the plant height, leaf length, Leaf width, leaf number per plant, fresh and dry biomasses, leaf to stem ratio, fresh and dry weight of stems and leaves, N and protein percents.planting respectively when harvest was done 70 days after sowing in both of mentioned sowing methods and these treatments can be recommended for increasing qualitative yield of forage sorghum cv. Speed-feed in Iranshahr region condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - The impact of different methods of planting and cutting the quantity and quality of forage sorghum time in the city of Iranshahr
A. Mehraban A. Kamali Deljoo O. Azizian ShermehIn order to evaluate the most appropriate method of planting and harvest times of forage sorghum Speedfeed, Strip plot in the form of randomized complete block design experiment with three replications in 1394-1393 at the ResearchCenter for Agriculture and Natural Resou MoreIn order to evaluate the most appropriate method of planting and harvest times of forage sorghum Speedfeed, Strip plot in the form of randomized complete block design experiment with three replications in 1394-1393 at the ResearchCenter for Agriculture and Natural Resources Balochistan is located in the city of Iranshahr. Two different methods of planting furrow cultivation, napa, row, and different harvesting times Different harvesting times of 50, 60 and 70 days after planting, respectively, in the main plots and sub-groups. Traits such as growth habit, leaf and shoot dry weight, nitrogen, and protein content was measured Fsfrvptasym. The results showed that the effect of different planting methods on fresh and dry weight, shoot dry weight was statistically significant, but no significant difference in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein was observed. Harvest time is also significantly more weight and leaves, fresh weight and dry, nitrogen and protein impressed. According to test results, treatment, planting furrow, row, and 70 days after planting harvest time to increase the quality and quantity of forage sorghum recommended Speedfeed Iranshahr conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Effects of Two Cooking Methods on the Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt) in Some Rice Brands Available in Iranian Market
Mahmood Naseri Zahedeh Rahmanikhah Vahid Beiygloo Somayeh Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
329 - A Simple Procedure to Evaluate Competitiveness of Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Isolates of Aspergillus flavus in Solid and Liquid Media
Mohammad Moradi Seyed Reza Fani Rosa Dargahi Mehdi Mohammadi Moghadam Abdolhamid Sherafati -
Open Access Article
330 - Effect of Baking Methods Types on Residues of Heavy Metals in the Different Breads Produced with Wheat Flour in Iran: A Case Study of Mashhad
Sajjad Ghasemi Mohammad Hashemi Mahdi Gholian Aval Saeed Khanzadi Mohammad Safarian Arezoo Orooji Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany -
Open Access Article
331 - A Review of Non-pharmacological Oral Supplements Containing Nutrients and Micronutrients in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Nastaran Tabari Shahandasht Marzieh Bolandi Majid Rahmati Moslem Jafarisani -
Open Access Article
332 - The role of management accounting in banks
Leila Zamanianfar Shahrzad Seraj Zahra Kohandel Javad OjaghiPurpose: In general, management accountants may be seen as value-creators which in turn assist an organization to gain a competitive advantage. They are responsible for the integrity of top management and the reliability of the reports they provide. Also, they assume a MorePurpose: In general, management accountants may be seen as value-creators which in turn assist an organization to gain a competitive advantage. They are responsible for the integrity of top management and the reliability of the reports they provide. Also, they assume a role in which they are responsible for helping managers in strategic planning and controlling operations. The main purpose of this article is to provide an insight into the role of management accounting in creating and maintaining competitive advantage in the banking industry.Methodology: The current research is based on a philosophical and scientific approach based on the method of historical knowledge and is designed and implemented with the aim of promoting knowledge in a library manner by reviewing articles. The result of which is the development of management accounting knowledge.Findings: Studies show that management accounting provides skills and methods that play a vital role in planning, developing, implementing and evaluating strategic competitive policies. Also, studies have shown that the rapid growth and competition of the banking industry can be attributed to the use of innovative management accounting practices. In fact, to remain competitive, banks must offer services to customers that differentiate it from its competitors. This issue shows the significant importance of management accounting in banks.Originality / Value: Based on the philosophical and scientific approach, the current research has explained the role of management accounting in banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - The Pathology of the Application of Eloquence in the Child's Poetry ( in the decades of 70 to 90 )
Afsaneh Moosavi Garmaroodi Ahmad Khatami Maryam JalaliAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the freq MoreAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the frequency and abundance of the usage of rhetorics have been posed and later its correct and incorrect methods have been offered. We have also presented samples of current eloquent problems in the child poetry together with its most frequent applications; then we've compared suitable and unsuitable patterns in it. Based on this research, the method and application of types and eloquence science, with regarding to the vocabulary and the child's understanding and what interferes the frequency of the poem have been dealt with. The basis of this research is on the eloquence theories and fundamentals which have been written in the elementary research. The library method of this paper is on its statistical society and its consequences and the results attained are of the rare researches in this domain and offers the procedures for the use of the poets in composing the child poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Studying the Tactics of Characterization in the Novel of KALIDAR
Fatemeh SultaniAbstract The novel of Kalidar, by utilizing the numerous factors of characterization, is one of the fundamental components of the story written by Dowlatabadi. I have tried to investigate and reveal the importance of this fictional MoreAbstract The novel of Kalidar, by utilizing the numerous factors of characterization, is one of the fundamental components of the story written by Dowlatabadi. I have tried to investigate and reveal the importance of this fictional element by recognizing the different dimensions of Kalidar to show the second corner of the creativity of the writer. Based on the results of the research, the characterization is formed by the dialogue which is the most important tactics of Dowlatabadi in introducing his characters. This essay is descriptive-analytical in method; and in the field of research it has library procedure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Abstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz
Hamid Adalat Far Seyyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Mohammad Ali Atash SowdaAbstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of lite MoreAbstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz " has the beauty of expression; it is more based on wisdom than imagery. In fact the content of this book is in short about the conquer of Mecca and some narratives from Ibn Arabi. The extension of Shabestari's familiarity in the Qur'an and traditions was so high that he uses them in the mold of allusion and simile in expressing the secrets of mysticism to prove his tenets. This article which is written in descriptive-analytic method, tries to demonstrate the impact of eloquence and its affectability in taking advantage of The Holy Qur'an and traditions. The distiches used here have been taken from the book written by Kazem Dezfulian and the numbers are applied according to the number of the page and the lines of the poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Criticizing and Studying the Structure of Indelible Songs in Modern Folkloric Literature
Mohammad Amin Mohammad Pour Ali Asghar Babasafari Gholamreza SetudehAbstract Persian ballad and music are of the outstanding elements which form folkloric literature and contemporary culture. Regarding the extension of the addressee, the songs have undeniable effect on the minds and literary k MoreAbstract Persian ballad and music are of the outstanding elements which form folkloric literature and contemporary culture. Regarding the extension of the addressee, the songs have undeniable effect on the minds and literary knowledge of common people. This essay has been written to reveal the traits constituting today's song and expounding the cause of its indelibility together with the main resources. The collection method of the data is attributive and bibliographic and the instrument to do it is through microfiche processing. The subject matter of the research has been studied in descriptive-analytic which was done by studying the written songs, and their characteristics have been categorized simultaneously. The findings of the research indicate that the song and the music and the quality of the pitches of the voice and the time of broadcast are of the components of today's song. The most fundamental part of the song is poetry, after that, it is the music , when this collection is put together, the pitches of the singer's voice together with the sex of the singer are discussed. Besides these, the character of the singer and the knowledge of the community from him/her plays role; and in the end, the method of broadcasting, even its time and presenting it to the society are of the influential factors in the song. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Effect of friction stir welding parameters of aluminum alloy tubes on succeeding rotary draw bending
Alireza Soleymanipoor Hamid Montazerolghaem Mohsen Loh-mousavi -
Open Access Article
338 - The role of creative teaching approaches in evaluating students' learning in qualitative schools
احترام هدایتیان شیرازی فاطمه پرسته قمبوانی مژگان عبدالهیThe purpose of this research is to investigate the role of creative teaching approaches in the evaluation of students' learning in qualitative schools, which is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of t MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the role of creative teaching approaches in the evaluation of students' learning in qualitative schools, which is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of the research includes teachers and students of qualitative primary schools in Alborz province and Tehran province. In order to collect data in the teachers' creative teaching methods section, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the standard creative teaching questionnaire was used, which includes 44 questions in 4 dimensions: giving time and supporting ideas, vitality, dynamism-happiness and humor, challenge, conflict and Risk-taking and finally the dimension of discussion is freedom-trust and confidence and it examines the components of creative teaching in quality schools. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts, and the face validity of the Bartlett-Keyser and Mir-Oklin coefficient was calculated as 0.86. Reliability is also reported using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.806 for the entire questionnaire. Also, in order to collect learning evaluation data, qualitative descriptive report cards of students of quality schools (approved performance description report of the country's education) were used in the second semester of the academic year 1402-1401. The data were calculated using SPSS24 software and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests (after checking the normality of the data and the equality of variances) as well as linear regression. The results showed that creative teaching approaches have a positive relationship with students' learning evaluation, and it has a role of 23%, 64%, 14% and 15% in its four dimensions, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that in addition to the development of quality schools, the goals and methods of teaching and management in these schools should be used to improve schools in the country in order to improve learning and improve the performance of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - New Multi-National Companies and Developing South
Saeed MirtorabiThe role of multi-national companies on global capitalization and trade is a familiar phenomenon for developing issues and knowledgeable ones and international trade experts. The positive and negative effects of these companies’ activities on the current of develo MoreThe role of multi-national companies on global capitalization and trade is a familiar phenomenon for developing issues and knowledgeable ones and international trade experts. The positive and negative effects of these companies’ activities on the current of developing in south have been focused by various intellectual ones and an extensive literature in this field has been produced. Nevertheless, has seen a new and growing kind of direct foreign investment that its origin is south countries and along this, a new kind of multi-national companies have been appeared that are named new multi-national companies. This paper is trying to examine the effects of these new players’ activities on the development view in south. This paper shows that the new multi-national companies have significant differences to western multi-national companies and the rise and developing activity area of these companies, from different aspects, is considered a positive change on the current of developing south low-paid countries. The main claim of this paper that is presented as a hypothesis is the new multinational companies in total have positive impact on the opportunities of attracting foreign investment as a result developing in south countries for increasing the volume of foreign investments in the world, giving variety to the methods of interesting and having more cultural similarities to south countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - An Ensemble Deep Learning Model for Detection Covid-19 from CT Scan Images
حبیب ایزدخواهDiagnosis of covid-19 using deep learning on CT scan images can play an important role in helping doctors. In this paper, by combining EfficientNet-B2 and vision transformers (V iT − 1 − 32) neural networks a new deep transfer learning is proposed. For evaluation, con-f MoreDiagnosis of covid-19 using deep learning on CT scan images can play an important role in helping doctors. In this paper, by combining EfficientNet-B2 and vision transformers (V iT − 1 − 32) neural networks a new deep transfer learning is proposed. For evaluation, con-fusion matrix, precision, accuracy, recall, and F1 score are used. The experimental results are 0.9838 for validation accuracy, 0.9667 for test accuracy, and 0.9839 for accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The Effects of Tillage Methods on Infiltration and Water Application Efficiency
ابوالفضل ناصری منصوره مظفّريInfiltration and water application efficiency are important parameters in the design and evaluation of irrigation systems, which are affected by agronomic management such as tillage practices. Present study was conducted with the main objective of investigation of tilla MoreInfiltration and water application efficiency are important parameters in the design and evaluation of irrigation systems, which are affected by agronomic management such as tillage practices. Present study was conducted with the main objective of investigation of tillage methods effects on cumulative infiltration and water application efficiency in a wheat farm at the E. Azarbaijan Research Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources ( Khosroshahr ). The experiment treatments were no-tillage, tillage by chisel plow and disc, low tillage and tillage with moldboard plow with disc. Soil infiltration was measured by the ring and water application efficiency determined for studying conditions. Results showed that tillage methods produced different cumulative infiltrations. The cumulative infiltration from low tillage, no-tillage and tillage with moldboard plow were 62, 20 and 10% of cumulative infiltration from chisel plow. Water application efficiencies from chisel plow tillage were less than 55% and efficiencies from no-tillage by moldboard plow were 55% and 68% respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Methods of compensation for spiritual damage caused by medical damage
Atfeh Niknejad alireza mazloom rahnieCivil liability and compensation for moral damages are important issues that have always been considered by lawyers. Compensation for damages of a damaged person is an important principle which a legislator should paid special attention. The issue of beauty defects is o MoreCivil liability and compensation for moral damages are important issues that have always been considered by lawyers. Compensation for damages of a damaged person is an important principle which a legislator should paid special attention. The issue of beauty defects is one of the important and common examples of moral damage in today's society. This means a person loses his/her appearance and beauty for various reasons, and this causes psychological damage and isolation. However, the difference in compensation for spiritual damage and the difficulty of its assessment causes inadequacies. To undertake this line of research, methods of compensation for moral damages have been addressed using the descriptive-analytical method. As a result, among the methods presented for compensation of the moral damages, the methods of restitutio in integrum, equivalent compensation, symbolic compensation, and punitive damages can be noted. The findings of the study reveal that the compensation methods in the Iranian legal system is inefficient. Therefore, attention has been proposed to the injured party in the method of compensation. It seems presenting a new methods can facilitate peace of mind for the damaged. Thus, one may achieve the main goal of damage compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Identifying components affecting effective teaching of teachers (Case study: Mathematics teachers in Isfahan high school)
Soraya Khodayi Zohre Sadatmand Maryam Baratali -
Open Access Article
344 - The Relationship between the Managerial Styles and the Teaching Methods of the Teachers with Academic Performance of the Students in Seventh Grade (Case study: Non-governmental high schools for boys, District 1 of Tehran Education)
Mahdi Bani Jamali Fatemeh Hamidifar Baharak Shirzad KobriaThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the managerial styles and the teaching methods of the teachers with the academic performance of the seventh- grade students in non-governmental high schools for boys in District 1 of Tehran Education. The MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the managerial styles and the teaching methods of the teachers with the academic performance of the seventh- grade students in non-governmental high schools for boys in District 1 of Tehran Education. The present study is an applied-descriptive research that has been conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study includes1045 seventh-grade students in non-profit high schools, junior high school, district 1 of Tehran Education, of which 291 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling method. The research instruments are three standard questionnaires of Likert management styles, Gerasha and Richman teaching methods and Pham and Taylor academic performance. As the questionnaires are standard and their reliability has been confirmed in several researches, the questionnaires’ validity is also estimated by Alpha Korenbakh; the validity of management styles (0.920), teaching methods (0.791), and academic performance (0.963). For analyzing information, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests are used by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between classroom management styles and students’ academic performance, and there is also a positive and significant relationship between classroom teaching methods and students' academic performance. Examining the simultaneous impact of the two variables, academic performance and teaching methods on students’ performance, showd that 15.2% of the total changes in academic performance is explained by these two independent variables. The highly variable management styles of teaching methods have an effect on academic performance of the students of the statistical population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - The Relationship among Management Methods, Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment, and job satisfaction of managers: A case study
Khadijeh Nadri Zahra Arab hanieh Badiee Jamal AshooriThis research aimed to investigate the relationship among management methods, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment. and job satisfaction of managers. The statistical population includes all managers in high schools of Gharchak city. For this resea MoreThis research aimed to investigate the relationship among management methods, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment. and job satisfaction of managers. The statistical population includes all managers in high schools of Gharchak city. For this research 130 managers were selected through random sampling. All of them completed the multiple management methods questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 1995), perceived organizational support questionnaire (Eisenberger et al, 1986), organizational commitment questionnaire (Allen & Meyer, 1997) and Herzberg’s job satisfaction questionnaires (Dant et al, 1966). The findings showed a positive and significant relationship among transformational management method, transactional management method, perceived organizational support, affective commitment, job satisfaction (p<0/01). Perceived organizational support, transactional management method and effective commitment in one predicted model predicted about 55 percent of variance of job satisfaction moreover, share of perceived organizational support in prediction job satisfaction was higher than other variables. The findings showed that perceived organizational support, transactional management method and effective commitment were the major predictors of job satisfaction. Therefore, higher managers, programmers, therapists and counselor are suggested to symptoms of mention variables and then to design programs for to consider the promote job satisfaction among managers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Methods to Encourage Teachers in the Damavand’s Secondary Schools to Use Lesson Plan
Reza Nahavandi Kobra Lashgari Alireza Talkhabi Alishah Abstract: This research is done to investigate the teachers’ encouraging methods to use lesson plans in junior high school in Damavand town. Based on the related theoretical principles found in the literature, a list of factors which could have any influenc More Abstract: This research is done to investigate the teachers’ encouraging methods to use lesson plans in junior high school in Damavand town. Based on the related theoretical principles found in the literature, a list of factors which could have any influence on teachers’ encouragement to use lesson plan was identified. Then a questionnaire was constructed to collect the 165 secondary school teachers’ attitudes towards the use of lesson plan in the class. The obtained data were analyzed using one sample t test, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that unawareness of how to prepare lesson plan, unawareness of lesson plan benefits, lack of time, the length and kind of lessons, passing training classes, and managers’ reactions have important roles in the use of lesson plans by teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Comparison of the educational methods of coherent and discrete families and its impact on the socio-ethical behaviors of children
SHahla Anzalchi Ali Akbar Seyf Hadi Bahrami Mehrdad NavabakhshThe purpose of this study was to investigate the educational methods of coherent and discrete families and its impact on the socio-ethical behaviors of children. For this purpose, in a post-event descriptive study, a statistical population of all 19- to 25-year-old boys MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the educational methods of coherent and discrete families and its impact on the socio-ethical behaviors of children. For this purpose, in a post-event descriptive study, a statistical population of all 19- to 25-year-old boys in the Arak Nursing Aid, 45 people with their parents were selected by available method, and 45 boys studied, who had a history of Disciplinary violations were brought against them along with their parents. The instruments used in this study were demographic questionnaires, parental authority, family cohesion, and parental-specific structured interviews. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Investigating the students’ point of view and willingness regarding educational evaluation methods
معصومه فروزانی بهنام همتیEducational evaluations are seen as the main part of educational planning process, through which either learners are differentiated from each other and or instructors are helped to evaluate their performance. This study was aimed to investigate the students’ point MoreEducational evaluations are seen as the main part of educational planning process, through which either learners are differentiated from each other and or instructors are helped to evaluate their performance. This study was aimed to investigate the students’ point of views in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan regarding evaluation methods. It was done using survey method which included all the university students studying in bachelor and master science grade during 1393-94 as the study population (N=2200). A sample of 322 persons was selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table in a simple random sampling manner. To gather the needed data, investigators developed a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education faculty members of the university. Its reliability, also, was examined by calculating alpha Cronbach’s coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results showed that respondents are more interested in multi-choice questions rather than other evaluation methods, and less in oral exams. There were also significant relationships between respondents’ gender and willingness of them to use descriptive multi-choice items and their mean score and willingness to use oral exam, respectively at 0.01 and 0.05 levels of significance. Finally, the study concluded by respecting the students’ views in selecting the evaluation methods by instructors of classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Deriving Ehsan's Goals, Principles and Principles in the Teaching Methods from the Viewpoint of Khawaja Nasiruddin Tusi for Presenting Educational Model
fatemeh saffari maryam baratali Seyed Ebrahim Seyed Ebrahim Mirshah Jafari Seyed Hashem golestaniThe purpose of the present study was to deduce the goals, principles and principles of Ehsan in education from the perspective of Khaje Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in order to present a model of education. This research has been done with qualitative approach and through deduc MoreThe purpose of the present study was to deduce the goals, principles and principles of Ehsan in education from the perspective of Khaje Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in order to present a model of education. This research has been done with qualitative approach and through deductive method with Franken's reconstructed paradigm (deducing goals, principles, principles and educational methods). The field of research included Khaje Nasir's written books (Nasserian ethics, muhtashimi ethics and the teachings of the students) and books, articles, researches and commentaries written on Khaje Nasir's works. In this research, after collecting the required data from the above texts, the concepts were first classified using the subject coding method. Then, based on Francona's deductive model, goals, principles, principles, and educational methods were deduced. In order to increase the reliability and reliability and to ensure the results, the ways of achieving the results have been regularly analyzed and interpreted by expert lecturers. According to the results of the research, some of Ehsan's educational methods from the point of view of Khaje Nasir include: worms, self-sacrifice, pardon, mercy, decency, compassion, compassion, compassion, forgiveness, compassion, tolerance, tolerance, Peace, stillness, patience, contentment, dignity, piety, discipline, dignity and freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Presenting a model of self-regulated learning strategies and its effect on problem-solving methods of high school students in Tehran
zahra tafaroji gilavandani Amineh Ahmadi ghidsi ahgharObjective: The aim of this study was to identify self-regulated learning strategies and its effect on problem solving methods in education in Tehran. Method: The method of conducting research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in add MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to identify self-regulated learning strategies and its effect on problem solving methods in education in Tehran. Method: The method of conducting research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the dimensions and components. The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of curriculum planning and educational management, which was conducted after 16 theoretical saturation interviews. Results: Finally, for self-regulated learning strategies, 3 dimensions, 9 components and 22 indicators were identified through content analysis. For the second variable, ie problem-solving methods, according to the Cassidy and Long (1996) standard questionnaire, there were 3 components and 24 indicators. The validity of the qualitative part, according to the experts, was confirmed and the reliability of this part was obtained by using the Copa formula of 63%, which is acceptable and shows the high reliability of the resulting codes. It was measured that all components were above 0.7. Finally, the structural equation method of smartpls3 software was used to draw the pattern. Results: The results showed that the dimensions of resource management strategies (0.932), cognitive strategies (0886) and metacognitive strategies (0.843) are the most important in the variable of self-regulatory learning strategies, respectively, and also self-regulatory strategies with a coefficient of 0.703 show the effect of 70 it has a percentage on problem solving methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Teaching Methods - Learning Integrated Social Education Curriculum in Elementary School
REZA gholamian seyed amad hashemi Ali Asghar mashinchi mohammad behrooziThe purpose of this study was teaching-learning methods of integrated social education curriculum in elementary school in the academic year 1398-1989. The research method was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) type of sequential-exploratory design. The statistical popul MoreThe purpose of this study was teaching-learning methods of integrated social education curriculum in elementary school in the academic year 1398-1989. The research method was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) type of sequential-exploratory design. The statistical population consisted of curriculum specialists and education experts working in elementary schools out of which 40 were selected using cluster sampling. Using content analysis method of Mining sequential model and deductive categorization system in qualitative level 70 codes and 18 themes were extracted from interviews and document summaries and using factor analysis in quantitative phase the concepts extracted to 17 subcategories and 6 The main categories of teaching-learning methods were analyzed. Data analysis in qualitative domain was done based on content analysis of sequential modeling of Mieringer and deductive categorization system and in quantitative domain factor analysis method. The results showed that teaching-learning approaches to professional development using the integrated teaching method of children's social education were more important and welcomed and by using peer-to-peer method in parenting evaluation of learners and the term learning and using methods Participatory learning strategies, team teaching, problem solving, heuristic, project, brain drain, discussion and self-directed learning based on constructivist and other approaches presented in the model and simulated activities have the least value in this element. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Investigate the effected factors on the training effectiveness in the employees virtual on the job instruction at the "Bank Tejarat"
mojtaba moazzami ahad Dehghanzadeh esfandyar doshmanzyari esmaeil kavousyThis study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the effectiveness of virtual training while serving employees in Tejarat Bank. The research method is quantitative in terms of applied purpose, quantitative in terms of data type and descriptive and correlati MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the effectiveness of virtual training while serving employees in Tejarat Bank. The research method is quantitative in terms of applied purpose, quantitative in terms of data type and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study is all employees of Tejarat Bank in Tehran, whose number is 5163 people. According to Morgan's table, 384 people were selected as a sample and based on a researcher-made questionnaire in four dimensions and 32 items on a five-point Likert scale. In the descriptive statistics section, data descriptions are presented in two sections: contextual variables and main variables, and in the inferential statistics section, the Chi-square test (Chi-square) is used to test the hypotheses. According to the research data, it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between effective teaching of teachers, quality of educational services, application of information technology and new methods of e-learning and effectiveness of virtual training while serving employees in Tejarat Bank. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024