Evaluation of the effect of extracting solvent on Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti-inflammatory properties of Pulicaria gnaphalodes at different phenological stages
Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants
Mohammad Reza Samiei
1
,
Majid Sharifi-Rad
2
,
Mohammad Saranirad
3
1 - Department of range and watershed management, university of zabol
2 -
3 - Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Extraction methods, biological activity, active compounds, Pulicaria gnaphalodes, phenological stages,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different extraction methods on the chemical compounds, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of the Pulicaria gnaphalodes at different phenological stages.Total phenol, total flavonoid, total tannin, total alkaloid and total saponin were measured using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Also, the antibacterial activity of different extracts was measured by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by human red blood cell stabilization method. The highest amounts of total phenol (67.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight), total flavonoids (37.3 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight), total tannins (45.3 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g dry weight), total alkaloids (75.2 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/g dry weight) and total saponins (284.3 mg escin equivalent (EE)/g dry weight) were recorded for methanolic extract of the studied plant at the flowering stage and their lowest amounts were related to its aqueous extract at the seeding stage. The results of the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities showed that the methanolic extract obtained from the flowering stage has the highest antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities and the aqueous extract obtained from the seeding stage has the lowest antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. In general and considering all the extracts, it can be stated that the studied plant has the highest amount of chemical compounds and biological activity at the flowering stage and the methanolic and aqueous extracts of the studied plant at different phenological stages had the highest and lowest amount of chemical compounds and biological activity, respectively.
Abubakar, A.R., and Haque, M. 2020. Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 12(1): 1-11.
Adebayo, S.A., Dzoyem, J.P., Shai, L.J., and Eloff, J.N. 2015. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of 25 plant species used traditionally to treat pain in southern African. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 15: 1-10.
Afshari, M., Rahimmalek, M., and Miroliaei, M. 2019. Influence of different phonological stage of Achillea pachycephala Rech.f. on albumin glycation inhibition, an in vitro study, Molecular and Cellular Researches, 32(3): 274-285.
Alam, M.Z., Alhebsi, M.S., Ghnimi, S., and Kamal-Eldin, A. 2021. Inability of total antioxidant activity assays to accurately assess the phenolic compounds of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.). NFS Journal, 22: 32-40.
Amiri, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Jahan, M., Salehabadi, M., and Naseri, N. 2017. Effects of plant density and different organic and chemical fertilizers on some phytochemical characteristics of Iranian ox-tongue (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 33: 649-662.
Arip, M., Selvaraja, M., Tan, L.F., Leong, M.Y., Tan, P.L., Yap, V.L., Chinnapan, S., Tat, N.C., Abdullah, M., and Jubair, N. 2022. Review on plant-based management in combating antimicrobial resistance-mechanistic perspective. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13: 879495.
Baradaran, M., Ashrafpour, M., Rezaee, H., Sefidgar, A., and Sharifi, H. 2014. Antioxidant activity of different extracts of the Artemisia Annua growing in an area of Babol city. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 21(4): 529-539.
Barbieri, R., Coppo, E., Marchese, A., Daglia, M., Sobarzo-Sánchez, E., Nabavi, S.F., and Nabavi, S.M. 2017. Phytochemicals for human disease: An update on plant-derived compounds antibacterial activity. Microbiological research, 196: 44-68.
Bauer, A.W. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45:149-158.
Bistgani, Z.E., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Pirbalouti, A.G., Hashemi, M., Maggi, F., and Morshedloo, M.R. 2018. Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak. Industrial Crops and products, 121: 434-440.
Borges, A., J Saavedra, M., and Simoes, M. 2015. Insights on antimicrobial resistance, biofilms and the use of phytochemicals as new antimicrobial agents. Current medicinal chemistry, 22(21): 2590-2614.
Dhanani, T., Shah, S., Gajbhiye, N.A., and Kumar, S. 2017. Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. Arabian journal of chemistry, 10: S1193-S1199.
Fazeli-Nasab, B., Ghafari, M., and Saravani, S. 2021. The effects of different solvents on the growth-inhibitory activity of Rhazya stricta extract against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Gene, Cell and Tissue, 8(2): e112146.
Formagio, A.S.N., Volobuff, C.R.F., Santiago, M., Cardoso, C.A.L., Vieira, M.D.C., and Pereira, Z.V. 2014. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds in Psychotria leaf extracts. Antioxidants, 3(4): 745-757.
Gebicki, J.M., and Nauser, T. 2021. Fast antioxidant reaction of polyphenols and their metabolites. Antioxidants, 10(8): 1297-1311.
Giessler, A.J., Bekemeier, H., Hischelamann, R., and Bakatheir, H.A. 1982. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Immunology of Inflammatory Reaction. Halle-Wittenberg, Martin Luther University.
Govindappa, M., Naga, S.S., Poojashri, M.N., Sadananda, T.S., and Chandrappa, C.P. 2011. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract and active phytochemical screening of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytotherapy, 3(3): 43-51.
Gunathilake, K.D.P.P., Ranaweera, K.K.D.S., and Rupasinghe, H.V. 2018. In vitro anti-inflammatory properties of selected green leafy vegetables. Biomedicines, 6(4), p.107.
Hayat, J., Akodad, M., Moumen, A., Baghour, M., Skalli, A., Ezrari, S., and Belmalha, S. 2020. Phytochemical screening, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin content, antioxidant activities and FTIR characterization of Marrubium vulgare L. from 2 different localities of Northeast of Morocco. Heliyon, 6(11): e05609.
Hemeg, H.A., Moussa, I.M., Ibrahim, S., Dawoud, T.M., Alhaji, J.H., Mubarak, A.S., Kabli, S.A., Alsubki, R.A., Tawfik, A.M., and Marouf, S.A. 2020. Antimicrobial effect of different herbal plant extracts against different microbial population. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(12): 3221-3227.
Iqbal, S., Younas, U. ,Chan, K.W., Zia-Ul-Haq, M., and Ismail, M. 2012. Chemical composition of Artemisia annua L. leaves and antioxidant potential of extracts as a function of extraction solvents. Molecules, 17: 6020-6032.
Kamkar, A., Ardekani, M.R.S., Shariatifar, N., Misagi, A., Nejad, A.S.M., and Jamshidi, A.H. 2013. Antioxidative effect of Iranian Pulicaria gnaphalodes L. extracts in soybean oil. South African Journal of Botany, 85: 39-43.
Khan, M., Khan, M., Adil, S.F., and Alkhathlan, H.Z. 2022. Screening of potential cytotoxic activities of some medicinal plants of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(3): 1801-1807.
Ko, M.J., Nam, H.H., and Chung, M.S. 2020. Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae). Scientific Reports, 10(1): 10890-10898.
Li, L.S., Chiroma, S.M., Hashim, T., Adam, S.K., Moklas, M.A.M., Yusuf, Z., and Rahman, S.A. 2020. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Erythroxylum cuneatum alkaloid leaf extract. Heliyon, 6(6): e04141.
Li, Y., Kong, D., Fu, Y., Sussman, M.R., and Wu, H. 2020. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 148: 80-89.
Mandal, S.M., Roy, A., Ghosh, A.K., Hazra, T.K., Basak, A., and Franco, O.L. 2014. Challenges and future prospects of antibiotic therapy: from peptides to phages utilization. Frontiers in pharmacology, 5: 105-114.
Mazandarani, M., Moghaddam, Z., Zolfaghari, M.R., Ghaemi, E.A., and Bayat, H. 2012. Effects of solvent type on phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(28): 4481-4488.
Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J., and Nacoulma, O.G. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food chemistry, 91(3): 571-577.
Mogana, R., Adhikari, A., Tzar, M.N., Ramliza, R., and Wiart, C.J.B.C.M. 2020. Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Canarium patentinervium Miq. against bacterial clinical isolates. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 20: 1-11.
Naqvi, S.A.R., Shah, S.M.A., Kanwal, L., Saeed, M., Atta-ul-Haq, Nisar, J., Nisar, Z., and Akram, M. 2020. Antimicrobial and antihypercholesterolemic activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes. Dose-Response, 18(1): 1559-1567.
Parvin, M.S., Das, N., Jahan, N., Akhter, M.A., Nahar, L., and Islam, M.E. 2015. Evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of Crescentia cujete leaves and stem bark. BMC research notes, 8: 1-7.
Pokhriyal, A., Prakash, S., and Patni, B. 2023. Comparative study on the biochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Picrorhiza kurrooa Rolye ex Benth. obtained from Uttarakhand. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2023: 1-14.
Sadique, J., Al-Rqobahs, W.A., Bughaith, E.I., and Gindi, A.R. 1989. The bioactivity of certain medicinal plants on the stabilization of RBC membrane system. Fitoterapia, 60: 525–532.
Sharifi-Rad, J., Hoseini-Alfatemi, S.M., Sharifi-Rad, M., and Teixeira da Silva, J.A. 2015. Antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of crude extract from Nitraria schoberi fruits. 3Biotech, 5: 677-684.
Sikwese, F.E., and Duodu, K.G. 2007. Antioxidant effect of a crude phenolic extract from Sorghum bran in sunflower oil in the presence of ferric ions. Food chemistry, 104(1): 324-331.
Sostres, C., Gargallo, C.J., and Lanas, A. 2013. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper and lower gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Arthritis research & therapy, 15(3): 1-8.
Sulastri, E., Zubair, M.S., Anas, N.I., Abidin, S., Hardani, R., and Yulianti, R. 2018. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin content and antioxidant activity of standardized extract of Moringa oleifera leaf from regions with different elevation. Pharmacognosy journal, 10(6s): s104-s108.
Syed Amran, S.N., Zainal Abidin, N., Hashim, H., and Zubairi, S.I. 2018. Saponin bitterness reduction of Carica papaya leaf extracts through adsorption of weakly basic ion exchange resins. Journal of Food Quality, 2018: 1-15.
Unuofin, J.O., Otunola, G.A., and Afolayan, A.J. 2018. Polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. Used in folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 23: 251-267.
Vane, J.R., and Botting, R.M. 1995. New insights into the mode of action of anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammation Research, 44(1): 1-10.
Vuong, T.V. 2021. Natural products and their derivatives with antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Antibiotics, 10(1): 70-84.
Wang, Q., Jiang, Y., Mao, X., Yu, W., Lu, J., and Wang, L. 2022. Integration of morphological, physiological, cytological, metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal age inhibited accumulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 187: 115405-115419.
Wang, S.Y., Kuo, Y.H., Chang, H.N., Kang, P.L., Tsay, H.S., Lin, K.F., Yang, N.S., and Shyur, L.F. 2002. Profiling and characterization antioxidant activities in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(7): 1859-1865.
Yesmin, S., Paul, A., Naz, T., Rahman, A.A., Akhter, S.F., Wahed, M.I.I., Emran, T.B., and Siddiqui, S.A. 2020. Membrane stabilization as a mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic root extract of Choi (Piper chaba). Clinical phytoscience, 6: 1-10.
Zargoosh, Z., Ghavam, M., Bacchetta, G., and Tavili, A. 2019. Effects of ecological factors on the antioxidant potential and total phenol content of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 16021-16032.
