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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of energy loss in a C-type trapezoidal Piano key weir with outlet key jumps
Kadhim Challoob Mshali Ali khoshfetrat Amirhossein FathiPiano key weirs are a type of long-crested weirs with a light foundation and a high discharge coefficient. Due to the high efficiency of these weirs, it is essential to find ways to increase their energy dissipation and ultimately reduce scour. This study investigated t MorePiano key weirs are a type of long-crested weirs with a light foundation and a high discharge coefficient. Due to the high efficiency of these weirs, it is essential to find ways to increase their energy dissipation and ultimately reduce scour. This study investigated the energy dissipation of piano key weirs with a jump in their outlet keys. A laboratory experiment was conducted using a trapezoidal piano key weir with three discharges of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 cubic meters per second. Two jumps with radii of 0.21 and 0.15 meters and jump heights of 0.14 and 0.075 meters were also used. The results showed that the energy dissipation increased with increasing jump radius. The energy dissipation in the weir with a jump radius of 0.21 meters and in the weir with a jump radius of 0.15 meters is approximately 3.8% and 2.5% higher, respectively, than in the weir without a jump. The average energy dissipation in weirs with jump radii of 0, 0.15, and 0.21 meters was 54.1%, 55.4%, and 56.2%, respectively. With increasing jump radius and jump height, the discharge coefficient decreases. The discharge coefficient in piano key weirs with jump radii of 0.21 and 0.15 meters is reduced by 10.9% and 3.9%, respectively, compared to the weir without a jump. The use of a jump in the outlet keys of a weir can throw the flow forward of the weir toe. This can be effective in reducing scour. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping ratios on yield of intercropping of corn and sunflower in Khouzestan conditions
nader moosavianTo study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design MoreTo study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Using Composed Approach of DEA and AHP for Efficiency Evaluation Faculties of Shahid Beheshti University
Akbar Alem Tabriz Hesam Saiedy Sarem Deilami MoeziTo improve the status quo, by performance assessment could recognized weakness and strength andminimized input of resources. Thus, university has to know efficiency of faculties and to study cause of itsefficiency and inefficiency, then to improve and to conduct faculti MoreTo improve the status quo, by performance assessment could recognized weakness and strength andminimized input of resources. Thus, university has to know efficiency of faculties and to study cause of itsefficiency and inefficiency, then to improve and to conduct faculties of inefficiency by suitable programming. Inthis paper, according to importance of university, largest higher education center in country, be evaluatedefficiency of Shahid Beheshti University’s faculties by DEA using CCR model in two cases of sample modeland based on goal programming (min max deviation) in period of 1386-1388. After ranking of faculties by usingcomposed approach of DEA and AHP, in conclusion, have been sated final ranking of faculties and evaluating ofused methods. Finding of research presented Sciences, Letters and Human Sciences, and Management andAccount faculties were top faculties based on observed indices in this period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Portfolio Optimization Using Markowitz’s Mean-Semi Variance Method on Tehran Stock Exchange
F. Heibati R. HaddadzadehThis paper presents an alternative to the standard mean-variance efficient frontier model underpinningmodern portfolio theory applications. We present a more practical alternative - A Mean-Semivarianceefficient frontier - that takes into consideration advances in &ldquo MoreThis paper presents an alternative to the standard mean-variance efficient frontier model underpinningmodern portfolio theory applications. We present a more practical alternative - A Mean-Semivarianceefficient frontier - that takes into consideration advances in “Post Modern Portfolio Theory” as it pertains toasset allocation. The implications for advisors and planners are profound:An investor’s minimal acceptable return is a critical determinant of their optimal portfolio;Efficient frontiers need not be continuous, reflecting the realities of market behavior and demonstratedvolatility;This new method for calculating frontiers is a preferred device for developing strategic asset allocations.What is so efficient about the “efficient frontier?” The Markowitz (1952) model is employed to determinethe optimal mix of risky securities. This methodology involves determining what the minimum riskcombination of securities or asset classes is for a given return. Risk, in this context, is defined as the standarddeviation of returns of a composite portfolio. By plotting these risk-return combinations, an “efficientfrontier” is generated (with the “efficient” part being the upper boundary). Is this really the preferred way tolook at risk and use it in portfolio selection? If it is not, then is this frontier really “efficient?”In this paper we have modified the traditional Markowitz paradigm by redefining risk. The definition of riskwe employ in this paper is “Semi-Standard Deviation” instead of “Standard Deviation”. Then we haveconstructed efficient frontier for top fifty securities of Tehran stock exchange using Downside Risk approachor “Mean-Semivariance” method. In this research we achieved more efficient frontier using this method thanthe traditional one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Efficient patterns of knowledge management in supply chain
Jamshid Nazemi Zahra Torkashvand Reza Samizadeh Seyed shahrooz Seyedi hosseini niaKnowledge is known as the most important factor to achieve competitive advantage in advancedorganizations. Organizations with the capability of learning, will take the benefit of the organizationalknowledge. Therefore, in case organizations can adapt to changes they fac MoreKnowledge is known as the most important factor to achieve competitive advantage in advancedorganizations. Organizations with the capability of learning, will take the benefit of the organizationalknowledge. Therefore, in case organizations can adapt to changes they face, they may survive. In this study, theelements of knowledge management process in medium industrial organizations have been recognized. Thestructural model of knowledge management elements in these organizations has been developed. Our researchhas shown that all elements have not the same effect on knowledge management efficiency. The modeldeveloped shows different efficient patterns of knowledge management which can be selected by organizationswith respect to their internal strengths and capabilities. The patterns provided and its relationships will assistknowledge engineers and knowledge management process to utilize the best suitable approach for their specificrequirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating of the effect of Iran Accounting Standards on Earnings response coefficient
Mohamad Reza Shoorvarzy Afsaneh Afrouzmaneshbecause of importance of accounting standards and earnings response coefficient, in thisresearch, a model has been presented according to the Iran Accounting Standards for evaluationEarnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficient is one of the criteria that Morebecause of importance of accounting standards and earnings response coefficient, in thisresearch, a model has been presented according to the Iran Accounting Standards for evaluationEarnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficient is one of the criteria that isimportant in the quality of accounting information, also it is a way that we can evaluate theearnings quality. The earnings response coefficient has been examined in two separated time,five years before implementing of accounting standards ( 1996 to 2000) and five years afterimplementing of accounting standards ( 2001 to 2005). for testing hypothesis , we usedcorrelation analysis test and variance analysis test.The results show that there is a significant difference between earnings response coefficientof companies before and after implementing of accounting standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of impurity and temperature changes on the thermoelectric properties of the (6, 3) two sided-closed single-walled boron nitride nanotubes ((6, 3) TSC-SWBNNTs)
Ali Mohammad Yadollahi Peyman Azimi Anaraki Mojtaba Yaghobi Mohammad Reza Niazian -
Open Access Article
8 - Role of substrate and deposition conditions on the texture evolution of titanium nitride thin film on bare and plasma-nitrided high-speed steel
Partha Saikia Alphonsa Joseph Ramakrishna Rane Bipul Kumar Saikia Subroto Mukherjee -
Open Access Article
9 - Abnormal electronic transport in disordered four-terminal graphene nanodevice
Amirhossein Ahmadkhan Kordbacheh Azadeh Jafari Mehdi Afshar Arjmand -
Open Access Article
10 - Influence of the hot filament on the electrical breakdown characteristics in the presence of Ar/N2
Arian Fateh Borkhari Kiomars Yasserian -
Open Access Article
11 - Atomic transport and surface properties of some simple liquid metal using one component plasma system
Yogeshkumar A Sonvane Pankajsinh B Thakor Ashwin R Jani -
Open Access Article
12 - Quantum wire with parallelogram cross section: optical properties
Reza Khordad -
Open Access Article
13 - Evolution of solitons and their reflection and transmission in a plasma having negatively charged dust grains
Renu Tomar Anjali Bhatnagar Hitendra K. Malik Raj P. Dahiya -
Open Access Article
14 - Reflection of ion acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with variable charge dust
Renu Tomar Hitendra K. Malik Raj P. Dahiya -
Open Access Article
15 - Dynamical and transport properties in plasmas including three-particle spatial correlations
Hakima Ababsa Med Tayeb Meftah Thouria Chohra -
Open Access Article
16 - Ripple transport and neoclassical diffusion in IR-T1 tokamak
M. Hosseininejad M. Ghoranneviss M. K. Salem -
Open Access Article
17 - Employing constant photocurrent method for the study of defects in silicon thin films
Hitendra K. Malik Sucheta Juneja Sushil Kumar -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of dye concentration on the optical properties of red-BS dye-doped PVA film
Zahra Hossein Esfahani Mahshad Ghanipour Davoud Dorranian -
Open Access Article
19 - The effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes on the electrical characteristics of ZnO-based composites
N. Asaadi M. Parhizkar H. Bidadi S. Mohammadi Aref M. Ghafouri -
Open Access Article
20 - E2DR: Energy Efficient Data Replication in Data Grid
Kobra Bagheri Mehran Mohsenzadeh -
Open Access Article
21 - Recognizing the Emotional State Changes in Human Utterance by a Learning Statistical Method based on Gaussian Mixture Model
Reza Ashrafidoost Saeed Setayeshi Arash Sharifi -
Open Access Article
22 - Prioritization of Policies Human Resource Development Policy Model of Iranian Governmental Organizations Based on Results of ImportancePerformance Gap Analysis
Ali Mostafa Roozbeh kaveh timorneghad محمد رضا ربیعی مندجینContext: For nearly three decades the human resources that are attracted to the government will be at the service of the government. Understanding the priorities of the HRD policy model will greatly contribute to the success of government education and development progr MoreContext: For nearly three decades the human resources that are attracted to the government will be at the service of the government. Understanding the priorities of the HRD policy model will greatly contribute to the success of government education and development programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prioritize the HR policies based on the analysis of the gap between importance and performance from the perspective of target population. Methodology: Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire by stratified random sampling and Cochran formula. The research is a cross-sectional descriptive survey and analyzed by SPSS 22 software and dependent t-test. Findings: Out of fifteen general policies analyzed, five policies at the first level of importance, seven policies at the second priority, and three policies at the third priority. On the other hand, by incorporating the influence coefficient of each policy, redesigning the system of training of government employees using the rational decision mechanism becomes more important. Conclusion: The necessity of redesigning the system of training of government employees by using rational decision-making mechanism based on human resources development approach can be considered as the most important macro policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Presenting a Model for the financial Efficient Decision making Academic Entrepreneurs:( A Meta-Synthesis Approach)
mohammad babaeiEntrepreneurial financial decision-making Academic Entrepreneurs has been a home of interest for many studies. There are several research streams in the field, but the context suffers from lack of holistic conceptual models. The purpose of this study was to synthesize a MoreEntrepreneurial financial decision-making Academic Entrepreneurs has been a home of interest for many studies. There are several research streams in the field, but the context suffers from lack of holistic conceptual models. The purpose of this study was to synthesize an extensive literature on financial decisions Academic Entrepreneurs in order to present a comprehensive and integrated framework of financial decisions in the format of Academic Entrepreneurs paradigm. This research is applied, and the method is Meta-Synthesis. In this regard, 215 studies were evaluated on the topic, and finally 44 articles were selected purposefully and analyzed by open, pivotal, and selective coding method. A total of 130 codes, 17 concepts, 7 key categories were selected and analyzed during the systematic search and synthesis process and their validity was confirmed by Kauffman's kappa test. The results of the analysis showed that the most important identified key themes are: Conditions and consequences financial decision-making Academic Entrepreneurs, economic activity Academic Entrepreneurs, financial sourcing, Market defects, Political and legal changes. and finally, after seven stages of research, a comprehensive model of financial decisions Academic Entrepreneurs was formulated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Wind tunnel flow simulation and aerodynamic shape optimization of tall buildings to improve the drag coefficient under wind forces
Abdollah Baghaei Daemei seyed rahman eghbali Hossein Moez Payam BahramiAerodynamic behavior is an important characteristic of tall and ductile buildings, so aerodynamic design can play a key role in reducing the wind effects. A tall building response to wind can be controlled by application of aerodynamic improvements to building’s d MoreAerodynamic behavior is an important characteristic of tall and ductile buildings, so aerodynamic design can play a key role in reducing the wind effects. A tall building response to wind can be controlled by application of aerodynamic improvements to building’s design in order to manipulate the wind flow pattern and break the effective wind force acting on the structure. Traditionally the approach of structural engineers to mitigating wind loading and associated deflections and motions on tall buildings was to stiffen the building with the aim of increasing the natural frequency. Tall buildings are extremely sensitive to the wind. Thus, assessment of wind loads to design these buildings is essential. Monitoring the wind, which is forcing extraordinary tall buildings, is highly challenging. Due to increasing construction in recent decades, the study on wind flow over tall buildings has become a popular subject in theoretical research and applied engineering applications. By looking at recent constructions in Iran, it is obvious that despite the fact that constructing tall buildings is spreading, there is less concentration on environmental factors such as the wind’s aerodynamic. In tall buildings, aerodynamic behavior generally becomes important. The wind-induced building response of tall buildings can be reduced by means of aerodynamic from design and modifications that change the flow pattern around the building or break up the wind affecting the building face. Aerodynamic-based design can be divided into two types, “aerodynamic architectural design” and “aerodynamic architectural modifications” and their subgroups. The accurate estimation of the critical response parameters, such as top floor accelerations and displacements, is of fundamental importance when ensuring reliable designs of tall buildings. Methods to this end are typically set in a modal analysis framework and therefore require the estimation of the generalized forcing functions. Tall buildings are particularly prone to dynamic excitations such as those from natural disasters like strong winds and earthquakes, and this has become an especially important design issue. One way to minimize wind-induced vibrations of tall buildings is to focus more on their shapes in the design stage. Investigated aerodynamic forces and wind pressures acting on tall buildings with various unconventional configurations. The proposed of this research, investigation of aerodynamic shape optimization on tall buildings in order to reduce drag force. The aerodynamic forms such as a set-back, tapered and helical (twisted) and also aerodynamic modifications such as a chamfered corner, rounded corner and recessed corner to control and reduce wind forces and vortices on tall buildings are considered. On this basis, the study was carried out with numerical simulation of wind tunnel test on 29 building models. In order to construct 3D models, AutoCAD 2014 software was deployed and also to numerically simulate wind tunnel Autodesk Flow Design 2014 is used. Building samples were entered into the software via format FBX. The results showed that for a tall building with a triangular footprint and height of about 150 meters, base shape with chamfered corners of aerodynamic modification and tapered of aerodynamic form can have the best aerodynamic behavior against wind forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analytic approach to necessity of attention to culture of the societies
Kamyar Akhavan KharaziUrban development has changed a lot today due to many new problems especially cultural problems and spiritual, mental and emotional needs of the people. Growth of tendency to efficient urban development is one of the most evident of these impressions. In contrary to mod MoreUrban development has changed a lot today due to many new problems especially cultural problems and spiritual, mental and emotional needs of the people. Growth of tendency to efficient urban development is one of the most evident of these impressions. In contrary to modern urban development, efficient urban development has no equal and universal model and each region formulates its special urban system on the basis of its human, environmental, economic, technical and scientific abilities. Nowadays, culture of the societies is considered as a social capital in urban plans and designs. In this article, concept of culture is firstly explained in different approaches with analytic approach and through analysis of content of the text and then effect of culture of the societies in all life dignifies and on urban development is studied empathizing the fact that the culture should be considered in studies in all urban plans and designs and adjustment of the plan and designs to the culture is one of the essential categories of societies stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Planning for Urmia City toward Reducing Consequences of Urmia Lake’s Drying
Elgar Kamjou Hassanali LaghaiNearly most of the cities in developing countries are somehow suffering from environmental problems. While such cities are confronting rapid population growth and urban sprawl, environmental disasters like air and water pollution, drying lakes, droughts, etc. are challe MoreNearly most of the cities in developing countries are somehow suffering from environmental problems. While such cities are confronting rapid population growth and urban sprawl, environmental disasters like air and water pollution, drying lakes, droughts, etc. are challenging the future of these cities. Urmia city in Northwest of Iran, located near an invaluable natural park (Urmia Lake) is not an exception. The problem is that Urmia Lake in recent years is experiencing a rapid process of drying, mainly because of infrastructure development in it, dams on rivers, drought and inefficient water resources management. It is obvious that Urmia City which has been relied on the lake throughout its history currently is environmentally in danger, especially because of salty dusts dispersion. So Urmia lakes crises made Urmia city as one of the risky centers. In addition, deteriorating environmental conditions at inside and proximate area of the city increases vulnerability of it. This research is seeking for planning strategies to overcome this issue and decrease its consequences. But past experiences show that decreasing these consequences are not possible only by planning strategies and design in cities. For this purpose, a deeper approach is needed; an approach that considers all aspects of city and environment and the people living in it. One of the new approaches in urban planning to improve the interaction between urban and environment, is Eco-City approach. Basis of Eco-city is development and rehabilitation in a manner of consistent with the nature and culture. Eco-city seeks for strategies to overcome environmental crises through cultural ideas. Thus, this approach focuses on human environmental structure (city) and his lifestyle. In order to construct an analytical framework for the research, the Idea of Eco-city was based on two main concepts; 1) Urban Living System, and 2) efficient transportation. To investigate the Urmia City relating documents were researched and some field studies were done. Through these studies, environmental, historical and cultural spots in all over Urmia city were listed. Afterward, to identify the nodes out of spots, a questionnaire was used and some data bases were explored. In this case (Eco-city of Urmia) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for data analysis. Results shows that, Urmia city has physical, cultural and environmental potentials for making changes in resident’s life style toward better coordinate with nature. At the end, relying on this potentials strategic plan to improve environment in Urmia has been provided. This plan mainly includes improving the ecological network in the city and linkages between green areas and water streams, reinforcing the link between cultural and environmental nodes and population centers, planning an efficient public transportation system according to identified network. This research concludes that in order to better plan the cities to overcome environmental problems, it is necessary to integrate the nature and culture of the cities. It is a need to ease people’s participation and help them to plan their cities themselves. In this way there is more hope that cities can resist in front of ecological disasters and environmental crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the wind-induced effects on Tall Buildings to reduce Drag Coefficient through Large Eddy Simulation (LES)
Najmeh Mastari Farahani Abdollah Baghaei Daemei Payam Madelat Seyedeh Maryam Abbaszadegan -
Open Access Article
28 - Elimination of Waste and Inefficient Facilities in Existing Buildings for Sustainability in Developing Nations
Adegbenga Adeyemi David Martin Rozilah Kazim -
Open Access Article
29 - A New Method for Solving the Fully Interval Bilevel Linear Programming Problem with Equal Constraints
seyyedeh farkhondeh tayebnasab farhad hamidi mehdi allahdadiMost research on bilevel linear programming problem is focused on its deterministic form, in which the coefficients and decision variables in the objective functions and constraints are assumed to be crisp. In fact, due to inaccurate information, it is difficult to know MoreMost research on bilevel linear programming problem is focused on its deterministic form, in which the coefficients and decision variables in the objective functions and constraints are assumed to be crisp. In fact, due to inaccurate information, it is difficult to know exactly values of coefficients that used to construct a bilevel model. The interval set theory is suitable for describing and solving uncertainty and inaccuracy in these decision-making issues. For this reason, interval bilevel linear programming problem, in which the coefficients in both objective functions and constraints are interval, is an attractive subject. In this paper, we consider a type of interval bilevel linear programming problem full , in which all the coefficients in both objective functions and constraints are interval. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for solving fully interval bilevel linear programming problem with equality constraints. By providing numerical examples, the implementation of this method is expressed. economics and in the problems that we have certain, converting to interval programming a, is studied problems simply Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Ranking Decision Making units in Data Envelopment Analysis based on cooperative games
sanaz asadi rahmati Reza FallahnejadEvaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units MoreEvaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units are divided into efficient and inefficient categories, where the efficiency of each efficient unit is one and there is no distinction between efficient units.This study intends to propose a new way of ranking efficient units based on the concepts of cooperative game. The proposed method is that efficient units are considered as players of a cooperative game. A subset of these players is defined as the coalitionS.Then the sum of the efficiency of the inefficient units according to the production possibility set that is created by the inefficient units and the members of the coalitionS is defined as the characteristic function of S, which is used to determine the marginal effect of the efficient units in the various coalitions. Finally, the Shapley value is used to determine the cooperative game solution and rank the efficient units.In the same way that it is able to rank non-extreme units, inefficient units are also effective in ranking, alsois feasiblein any circumstances of return to scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Dual Frontiers in Non-convex Data Envelopment Analysis: Efficiency and In-efficiency Assessment and Stability Analysis
Nasim Nasrabadi Sheyda AyatiAbstractBasic models of Data Envelopment Analysis intrinsically evaluate the decision making units with an optimistic point of view, in the sense that the efficiency status of each unit is evaluated by means of calculating its distance from the efficiency frontier. The MoreAbstractBasic models of Data Envelopment Analysis intrinsically evaluate the decision making units with an optimistic point of view, in the sense that the efficiency status of each unit is evaluated by means of calculating its distance from the efficiency frontier. The efficiency frontier is in fact composed of all units indicating the best practice, in the sense that for each one there exist no other (virtual) unit with a better performance. A unit located on this frontier is called fully efficient and non-efficient, otherwise. In order to provide a more precise assessment, one can evaluate units with a pessimistic point of view, in the sense that a frontier consisting of the worst performance, called the in-efficient frontier is formed and then each unit is evaluated with respect to its distance from this frontier, in a way that the closer the unit to the in-efficient frontier, the more in-efficient it is. In this paper, assuming that the production technology is non-convex, we perform efficiency and in-efficiency evaluation and then, based on the optimal value of the corresponding (in-) efficiency model, we partition all units in two subsets called (in-)efficient and non- (in-)efficient units. Then we investigate the concept of stability of the obtained partitions, by means of presenting related multi objective programs. In the next step, assuming that the input and output data of all units are real intervals, we deal with the efficiency and in-efficiency analysis of units and partition them into three subsets, in each case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Determining approximate efficient solutions of multiobjective optimization problems using the combined constrained scalarization method
Mehrdad Ghaznavi Fereshteh Akbari Esmaile KhorramIn this paper, approximate efficient ( -efficient) solutions of multiobjective optimization problems are investigated. One of the most important methods for solving multiobjective optimization problems is to use scalarization techniques. In these methods, a single objec MoreIn this paper, approximate efficient ( -efficient) solutions of multiobjective optimization problems are investigated. One of the most important methods for solving multiobjective optimization problems is to use scalarization techniques. In these methods, a single objective optimization problem corresponding to the multiobjective problem is solved, and the relationship between optimal solutions of the single objective problem and (weakly, properly) efficient solutions of the multiobjective problem is investigated. In this paper, a combination of the modified constrained and elastic constrained scalarization methods is considered, which will provide necessary and sufficient conditions for generating approximate (weakly, properly) efficient solutions. We compare the results with the necessary and sufficient conditions obtained from the modified constrained and the elastic constrained methods. The presented results can be applied for every multiobjective optimization problem without any convexity assumption for the objective functions. ‎Unlike many of the previous methods, the obtained results are also consistent with multiobjective problems with unbounded criterion space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - On the structural properties for the cross product of fuzzy numbers with applications
Robab AlikhaniIn the fuzzy arithmetic, the definitions of addition and multiplication of fuzzy numbers are based on Zadeh’s extension principle. From theoretical and practical points of view, this multiplication of fuzzy numbers owns several unnatural properties. Recently, to a MoreIn the fuzzy arithmetic, the definitions of addition and multiplication of fuzzy numbers are based on Zadeh’s extension principle. From theoretical and practical points of view, this multiplication of fuzzy numbers owns several unnatural properties. Recently, to avoid this shortcoming, a new multiplicative operation of product type is introduced, the so-called cross-product of fuzzy numbers. The main advantage is that this product preserves the shape of triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers under multiplication and from computational point of view the cross product is more applicable than the usual product. The above mentioned properties motivate us to use the cross product in applications as a possible alternative of the product obtained by Zadeh's extension Principle. The aim of the present paper is to give an explicit formula for the cross product of triangular fuzzy numbers based on the scalar product of fuzzy numbers and then, explicit formulas for the length of cross product of triangular fuzzy numbers and fuzzy derivative of cross product of triangular fuzzy functions. As an application, we apply the cross product concept for the first order linear fuzzy differential equations with fuzzy variable coefficients and obtain its triangular solutions under generalized differentiability. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Coefficient estimates for a class of meromorphic bi-univalent functions
Safa Salehian Ahmad MotamednezhadLet 𝝨 be the class of meromorphic bi-univalent functions f of the formf(z)=z+b_0+∑_(n=1)^∞▒b_n/z^n ,which are univalent (analytic and one to one) on the domain Δ={z∈C∶1Let 𝝨 be the class of meromorphic bi-univalent functions f of the formf(z)=z+b_0+∑_(n=1)^∞▒b_n/z^n ,which are univalent (analytic and one to one) on the domain Δ={z∈C∶1 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Non-smooth Optimality for Robust Multi-objective Optimization Problems
Maryam Saadati Morteza OveisihaThis article is concerned with non-smooth/nonconvex robust multi-objective optimization problems involving uncertain inequality and equality constraints. Employing some advanced tools of variational analysis such as the approximate extremal principle and the weak fuzzy MoreThis article is concerned with non-smooth/nonconvex robust multi-objective optimization problems involving uncertain inequality and equality constraints. Employing some advanced tools of variational analysis such as the approximate extremal principle and the weak fuzzy sum rule for the Frechet subdifferential, we first drive a fuzzy necessary optimality condition of a non-smooth/nonconvex multi-objective optimization problem without any constrained qualification in the sense of the Frechet subdifferential. Then by exploiting the obtained fuzzy optimality condition, the non-smooth version of Fermat’s rule and formulae for the limiting subdifferential of an infinite family of non-smooth functions, we establish a necessary optimality condition in terms of the limiting subdifferential for weakly robust efficient solutions of the reference problem. Further,we present an example to illustrate this condition for an uncertain multi-objective optimization problem involving equality and inequality constraints.Finally sufficient conditions for weakly robust efficient solutions and robust efficient solutions of the problems are provided by presenting new concepts of generalized convexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Numerical Solution of PDE for MHD flow around a sharp geometry at high Mach and altitudes and its effect on drag and lift coefficients
S.M. Hosseini Mohammad Hatami Aziz VazifehshenasIn this paper, the effect of magneto-hydrodynamic flow on two aerodynamic geometries (2D & 3D) is investigated. The results (Lift and drag coefficients) for two and three-dimensional geometries, which have been tried to be similar to rocket wings, at high altitudes MoreIn this paper, the effect of magneto-hydrodynamic flow on two aerodynamic geometries (2D & 3D) is investigated. The results (Lift and drag coefficients) for two and three-dimensional geometries, which have been tried to be similar to rocket wings, at high altitudes where the pressure is high and the temperature low, as well as Machs at 6 and 8 and at 9 different angles of attacks, are obtained in two modes with and without magnets. At the end, it was observed that adding a magnet to the problem increases the lift coefficient which maximum increment (77.5%) occurred for 3D geometry at Mach 8 and 50000 m height. Also, comparing the two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries, it was observed that the stall angle did not occur in the two-dimensional geometry at 9000 altitude and Mach 6, but in the three-dimensional geometry and the same conditions, the stall angle was observed for the non-MHD mode, which is due to flow line of two-dimensional geometry. However, it was further observed that this angle was delayed by adding a magnet to the 3D geometry with the mentioned solution conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Fuzzy multi-objective assembly line balancing problem: Fuzzy mathematical programming approach
A. Mahmoodirad S. Niroomand m. saneiDesign of assembly line is done in order to more coordinate a collection of some consecutive work stations for the aim of obtaining more productivity from the work stations and workers. The stations are arranged in a way to have a continuous and constant material flow. MoreDesign of assembly line is done in order to more coordinate a collection of some consecutive work stations for the aim of obtaining more productivity from the work stations and workers. The stations are arranged in a way to have a continuous and constant material flow. In this paper a multi-objective formulation for assembly line balancing is introduced. As a solution approach a two-step approach is proposed. In the first step the problem in a fuzzy environment is converted to a crisp problem and in the second step an efficient solution of the crisp problem is found by fuzzy programming approach. The efficiency of the proposed approach is shown by a numerical example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - A Recurrent Neural Network to Identify Efficient Decision Making Units in Data Envelopment Analysis
A. Ghomashi G. R. Jahanshahloo F. Hosseinzadeh LotfiIn this paper we present a recurrent neural network model to recognize efficient Decision Making Units(DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The proposed neural network model is derived from an unconstrained minimization problem. In theoretical aspect, it is shown th MoreIn this paper we present a recurrent neural network model to recognize efficient Decision Making Units(DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The proposed neural network model is derived from an unconstrained minimization problem. In theoretical aspect, it is shown that the proposed neural network is stable in the sense of lyapunov and globally convergent. The proposed model has a single-layer structure. Simulation shows that the proposed model is effective to identify efficient DMUs in DEA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Finding the most efficient decision making unit in data envelopment Analysis
J. VakiliAlthough discriminating between all efficient decision making units (DMUs) with identical efficiency is a very important subject in data envelopment analysis (DEA), it may not be an easy task, particularly when the decision maker wants to select one and only one efficie MoreAlthough discriminating between all efficient decision making units (DMUs) with identical efficiency is a very important subject in data envelopment analysis (DEA), it may not be an easy task, particularly when the decision maker wants to select one and only one efficient DMU among all. There are some papers that have proposed methods for finding an efficient DMU as the most efficient one but have some difficulties when used in practice. This paper points out the difficulties of the methods presented in two articles [Amin, G. R., (2009). Comments on finding the most efficient DMUs in DEA: An improved integrated model. Computers and Industrial Engineering 56, 1701-1702; Toloo, M., Nalchigar, S., (2009). A new integrated DEA model for finding most BCC-efficient DMU. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 33, 597-604]. In fact, in the present paper, it is proved by some examples that although some methods have principally been proposed in order to determine a single efficient DMU as the most efficient one, they may be unable to detect these DMUs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Value Efficiency-Based Target Setting Approach in Data Envelopment Analysis
Nasim NasrabadiBasic models of Data Envelopment Analysis are intrinsically preference-free, in the sense that they consider all inputs and outputs and also all decision making units of the same importance. Although this property is beneficial in many ways, it has some drawbacks simult MoreBasic models of Data Envelopment Analysis are intrinsically preference-free, in the sense that they consider all inputs and outputs and also all decision making units of the same importance. Although this property is beneficial in many ways, it has some drawbacks simultaneously, as the decision makers’ preferences are not taken into account in the process of evaluating units. To overcome this drawback many researchers have developed several techniques for incorporating the preferences into the evaluation model. One of the underlying approaches is value efficiency analysis, which evaluates decision making units by comparing them with the most preferred unit. The most preferred unit is a unit which satisfies the decision maker most. On the other hand, the issue of benchmarking is an important aspect in data envelopment analysis, as it enables the analyst to choose a target for each inefficient unit. The target unit for each unit is located on the efficient frontier and determines the path of improvement for that inefficient unit. In this paper, the issue of target setting based on the concept of value efficiency is investigated. We aim to develop a target setting model which is able to determine target units that are not only efficient but also value efficient, as well. Moreover, the targets are determined based on closest distance from the evaluated unit. Some properties of the model are also discussed. Finally, we perform the proposed model on a real data set of 42 Spanish Universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - finding the defining hyperplanes of production possibility set with variable returns to scale using the linear independent vectors
N. Rafati-‎Maleki M. Rostamy-MalkhalifehThe Production Possibility Set (PPS) is defined as the set of all inputs and outputs of a system in which inputs can produce outputs‎. ‎In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)‎, ‎it is highly important to identify the defining hyperplanes and especially the s MoreThe Production Possibility Set (PPS) is defined as the set of all inputs and outputs of a system in which inputs can produce outputs‎. ‎In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)‎, ‎it is highly important to identify the defining hyperplanes and especially the strong defining hyperplanes of the empirical PPS‎. ‎Although DEA models can determine the efficiency of a Decision Making Unit (DMU)‎, ‎but they cannot present efficient frontiers of PPS completely‎. ‎The notion of defining hyperplanes is crucial to marginal discussions‎, ‎marginal rates‎, ‎marginal rates of substitution‎, ‎sensitivity analysis‎, ‎returns to scale‎, ‎and in particular‎, ‎the efficiency analysis of DMUs‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we propose a new method to determine all strong efficient(Pareto-efficient) DMUs and strong defining hyperplanes of the PPS with variable returns to scale which strong efficient DMUs are located on them‎. ‎Furthermore‎, ‎we apply the proposed method to find the normal vectors or gradient of the strong defining hyperplanes of the PPS including strong efficient DMUs‎. ‎Consequently‎, ‎the equations of these hyperplanes are determined‎. ‎To illustrate the ability of the proposed method‎, ‎some numerical examples are finally provided‎. ‎Our method can be easily implemented using existing packages for operation research‎, ‎such as GAMS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The solving linear one-dimemsional Volterra integral equations of the second kind in reproducing kernel space
A. Fazli Sh. JavadiIn this paper, to solve a linear one-dimensional Volterra integral equation of the second kind. For this purpose using the equation form, we have defined a linear transformation and by using it's conjugate and reproducing kernel functions, we obtain a basis for the func MoreIn this paper, to solve a linear one-dimensional Volterra integral equation of the second kind. For this purpose using the equation form, we have defined a linear transformation and by using it's conjugate and reproducing kernel functions, we obtain a basis for the functions space.Then we obtain the solution of integral equation in terms of the basis functions. The examples presented in this paper show validity of the method. But this method does not provide results for nonlinear one-dimensional Volterra integral equations of the second kind. In this case for calculation Fourier cofficients the new method should be given. Thus the next focus on providing a method for calculating Fourier cofficients in the nonlinear mode. Also we think that this method can be generalized to linear two-dimensional Volterra integral equations of the second kind and we worked on this in the another paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Identify the economic impact of behavioral finance with an emphasis on efficiency and weekly turnover also temporal patterns in the Tehran Stock Exchange
رضا غریب لو رضا شرفیAbstractThis paper has done for research about behavioral finance context. In this paper we tryto prove the existence of Saturday, Monday and weekend yield effect and the existence ofSaturday, Monday and weekend transaction mass effect for 6 years (2007-2012). In thispa MoreAbstractThis paper has done for research about behavioral finance context. In this paper we tryto prove the existence of Saturday, Monday and weekend yield effect and the existence ofSaturday, Monday and weekend transaction mass effect for 6 years (2007-2012). In thispaper we use Student's t-distribution. Goal of this research is recognition of investors’behavior and earn more profit in Tehran exchange market. Also, this researchcharacterizes somewhat market efficiency. Conclusion show that there are strong Sundayeffect and semi-strong Saturday effect into other days and yield of Saturday is lower thanother days. Also, there is strong Wednesday effect with positive yield into other days.About transaction mass, there is Saturday and Wednesday effect how Wednesdaytransactions mean is higher than Saturday transactions mean. These effects show thatinvestors are hopeful in Wednesday to earn more yields on the next week and buy morestock, but in Saturday they are hopeless and began to sell their stock Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Application of DEA in the calculation of consolidated index of stock liquidity (evidence of Tehran Stock Exchange)
Azar Yaghoubi Khankhajeh azita jahanshadIn this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs MoreIn this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs simultaneously; provide measure of efficiency and deals with negative inputs and outputs. Thus in this paper, RAM model is used as a basis for presenting relative consolidated index of liquidity. The next step, units with relative consolidated index equal to one is ranked, based on the full-inefficient frontier ranking method. Results support the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis application for measuring liquidity relative consolidated. Using this method, the stock liquidity consolidated index allocated to each of the companies listed on the, presents different aspects of stock liquidity for stocks in stock exchange, in a way that liquidity of stocks can be compared with each other easily and liquidity of a specific stock can be surveyed during time prides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluation of factors affecting price earnings ratio of listed companies in Tehran Stock
سیدعلیقلی روشن ابوالفضل آرین سید حسن حسینی کامبیز نوابی زند علی دریکندهPrice to earnings ratio is widely used by investors and for investors has a majorrole in investment decisions. Hence having a scientific understanding of the price toearnings ratio and ability to identify factors affecting has great importance. Based onprevious empirica MorePrice to earnings ratio is widely used by investors and for investors has a majorrole in investment decisions. Hence having a scientific understanding of the price toearnings ratio and ability to identify factors affecting has great importance. Based onprevious empirical studies and findings about factors affecting price earnings ratio andalso according to the Gordon basic model, the major factors is selected. Independentvariable of research includes the growth rate of dividends, the coefficient of dividendspayments and systematic risk (beta). The sample includes 41 companies from thecompanies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 84 to 88 years. This study usespanel data and multiple regression analysis and Tested the hypothesis by E-viewssoftware. The results showed that the growth rate of dividends and the coefficient ofdividends payments have a positive impact on P/E ratio and beta with negative impacton the P/E ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The impact of structural dependence on the efficient frontier of portfolio changes and comparison with traditional methods in Tehran Stock Exchange (Copula functions)
Mehdi Salehi Samaneh Zamani MoghaddamMarkowitz optimization problem and to determine the efficient frontier of investment, when the number of assets and restrictions on investment in the market is low, the mathematical model is solved. But this mathematical approach can reply different provider that someti MoreMarkowitz optimization problem and to determine the efficient frontier of investment, when the number of assets and restrictions on investment in the market is low, the mathematical model is solved. But this mathematical approach can reply different provider that sometimes it is more accurate and more complete. In this paper, we examine the dependence structure between time series Tehran Stock Exchange market indices and exchange rate of the dollar and its impact on the efficient frontier portfolios have covered.The results show that the upper tail dependence indices is less than the lower tail dependence, this means that the decline in the dollar exchange rate indices are reduced, but with the rise in the dollar exchange rate accepted in Tehran stock Exchange index increase is lower. We also propose a new optimization program where the risk is worth the risk and return of joint function is estimated. The results show that the upper tail dependence indices is less than the lower tail dependence, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Application of DEA in the calculation of consolidated index of stock liquidity (evidence of Tehran Stock Exchange)
Keykhosro Yakideh M. Hassan Gholizadeh S. Morteza MousaviniaIn this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs MoreIn this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs simultaneously; provide measure of efficiency and deals with negative inputs and outputs. Thus in this paper, RAM model is used as a basis for presenting relative consolidated index of liquidity. The next step, units with relative consolidated index equal to one is ranked, based on the full-inefficient frontier ranking method. Results support the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis application for measuring liquidity relative consolidated. Using this method, the stock liquidity consolidated index allocated to each of the companies listed on the, presents different aspects of stock liquidity for stocks in stock exchange, in a way that liquidity of stocks can be compared with each other easily and liquidity of a specific stock can be surveyed during time prides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Using multi-fractal method in ranking portfolio efficiency
Mahnaz Doosti Morteza RahmaniInvestors around the world are always looking for safe investments in the capital markets of countries or the stocks of their companies. Therefore, finding a practical and scientific way to identify the best investment opportunity will have a very positive impact on the MoreInvestors around the world are always looking for safe investments in the capital markets of countries or the stocks of their companies. Therefore, finding a practical and scientific way to identify the best investment opportunity will have a very positive impact on the choice of an investor. An efficient stock is a stock whose price information is reflected in the market and the use of past stock prices over a period of time to analyze future trends and fluctuations in stocks leads to correct and citationable results. In this study, assuming poor performance, a stock portfolio consisting of 11 shares accepted in the Iranian capital market has been examined. In the sense that through the stock price information from 95 to 99 years, the trend and intensity of fluctuations have been examined. Because the liquidity of stocks has increased and it will be safe to invest. The results of this research using multi-fractal method show more detailed details of the efficient stock ranking steps in a portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Introduction a conceptual model of the effective factors of contrarian trading strategy in the formation of a profitable portfolio using the Grounded theory
Ebrahim Qashqai Allah Karam Salehi Ali MahmoodiradCreating a profitable investment portfolio is an important issue for market investors. Contrary to the efficient market hypothesis, excess returns are likely to be achieved if the investment strategy is chosen appropriately. The main purpose of this study is to provide MoreCreating a profitable investment portfolio is an important issue for market investors. Contrary to the efficient market hypothesis, excess returns are likely to be achieved if the investment strategy is chosen appropriately. The main purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual model of the effective factors of contrarian trading strategy in the formation of a profitable portfolio using the Grounded theory in the Iran capital market. Data collected through interviews with 12 university experts who selected by theoretical sampling method using snowball technique. The results using the Grounded theory suggest that the investors characteristics of the causal type, macroeconomic factors, capital market factors, corporate factors and managerial factors of the intervening type, market constraints and regulatory processes of the contextual type, published news and financial statement features of the strategy type and stock returns and market performance criteria of the consequence type that are effective in forming a profitable portfolio in the stock market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Application of factor analysis in fuzzy DEA model combined with Markowitz's model portfolio to determine the most efficient companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamzeh Pourbabagol Mohammad hossin NayyeriThe main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies w MoreThe main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies with adding controlling relative weight constraints for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ), Then, using of Markowitz model with regarding of the level of risk aversion, we construct efficient portfolio from efficient group.The large number of criteria is one of the MCDM model's problems for solving this problem we can use of factor analysis to reduce a complex data set to a lower dimension. In this paper with respect to experts's opinions,firstly the main variables corresponding to company's efficiency were assigned ( 15 financial ratio ) and then using of factor analysis we reduse the number of these variables to eight, after that with adding controlling relative weight constraints to DEA model, we construct efficient groap for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ). due to relativeness of risk and return in terms of investors, whit imputing investors to type( risk aversive & risk taker), efficient groaps were constituted. Finaly investor can, with regarding of the level of his risk aversion, using of Markowitz model, construct optimal portfolio from efficient groaps. Though in final step optimal portfolios were choosed from efficient groaps, thus one of the main problem of Markowitz model that is nonregarding other criterion except risk and return, will be soleved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The study of popularity theory in Iran's financial market and its relationship with stock returns and stock returns volatilities in Tehran Stock Exchange
S. Alireza Mirarab baygi Hashem Mokari Mohsen NazarizadehConsidering the importance of stocks in financial and accounting literatures, and investors’ reactions to company stocks during different periods, the present study investigates popularity theory in Iran's financial market and its relationship with stock returns a MoreConsidering the importance of stocks in financial and accounting literatures, and investors’ reactions to company stocks during different periods, the present study investigates popularity theory in Iran's financial market and its relationship with stock returns and stock return volatilities in Tehran Stock Exchange. A total of 179 companies are analyzed during 2010 to 2015. This is an applied study with post-hoc design. Moreover, it is considered a descriptive - inductive study based on methodology. Linear regression models are applied to examine hypotheses using Eviews8 software. The results show there is a positive and significant relationship between stock popularity and stock returns, stock return volatility and beta coefficients. In other words, stock popularity can increase stock returns, stock volatility, and beta coefficient Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Review and Assessment of Capital Assets Pricing Models and Compare Them with the 5-Factor Model of Fama and French “Using Economic Variables Exchange; Rates, Inflation, Import and Liquidity”
Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar Hossein Badiee Maysam MohebiThe present research tries to assess and compare the Capital Asset Pricing Models in stock exchange of Tehran. Financial data of 108 companies in stock market (2009-2014) are processed. The important issue is to use suitable patterns and models for evaluating and price MoreThe present research tries to assess and compare the Capital Asset Pricing Models in stock exchange of Tehran. Financial data of 108 companies in stock market (2009-2014) are processed. The important issue is to use suitable patterns and models for evaluating and price setting in stock market. These models must have the ability to predict the behavior of the prices and also can estimate the outcome and efficiency of the so-called investment. The models investigated in this research, include the traditional investment financial pricing, 3-factor model and FAMA and French 5-factor and consumption investment models. In order to analyze the data and to test the hypothesis, we used OLS model for time series models. In this study, models are investigated according to the models of significance lateral distance from the source (Jensen's Alpha). A model, of which efficiency is high, should have a zero intercept. Generally, FAMA and French 5-factor models that were developed in 2014, work more efficiently. Then comes the Capital Asset Pricing Model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Welfare situation of urban and rural households during the second and third development plan using Sen Welfare index
عباس علی ابونوری زهرا مفاخری عراقی ابراهیم صیامیThis paper try to use households' expenditures statistics studies welfare situation urban and rural household during the second and third of development plan. Fundament this study is based on welfare indices by economists and welfare economists one of the most popular i MoreThis paper try to use households' expenditures statistics studies welfare situation urban and rural household during the second and third of development plan. Fundament this study is based on welfare indices by economists and welfare economists one of the most popular index is used in practical research is Sen welfare index. in this research we use Gini coefficient index and income distribution for calculating Sen welfare index. Results show that welfare situation distinguish between each state in urban and rural regions.on hand Teharan and Esfahan relative to other states have had suitable situation and other hand Sistan and Balochestan, lorestan and Chaharmahle bakhtiyari arenot good situation. On the other hand, urban regions are better than rural regions regions when we calculate welfare index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - A Survey of Income Inequalities in Urban and Rural Areas using Beta Lorenz Curve technique
کامبیز هژبر کیانی علیرضا مرادیThe Study of Income Distribution and its Inequality still poses some theoretical and practical challenges to economists. Research Institutes, International publishing organizations and scientific research Papers produced so far, altogether do acknowledge the very import MoreThe Study of Income Distribution and its Inequality still poses some theoretical and practical challenges to economists. Research Institutes, International publishing organizations and scientific research Papers produced so far, altogether do acknowledge the very importance of conducting a genuine study on this topic with a view to casting light on untapped dimension of income distribution and related issues. The political and economic repercussion of income distribution and inequality has given this topic an overwhelming importance in the development of new frontiers in economics in general and political economics in particular. In this study attempts were made to use household budget data published by Iran Statistical Center along with Beta Lorenz curve technique introduced by Teekens (1987). The result has been the extraction of Beta Lorenz curve and Gini Coefficient both for rural and urban areas specified in this paper, over the period of 1378-86[1](Iranian calendar) by Iranian colander system). To focus on income Inequality for certain period of time, the entire period was divided into two sub-period viz. (1376-80) and (1381-86). To compare income inequality, using Bootstrap technique, a pseudo statistical population was constructed. The final results reveal that income distribution measure has improved in the second period (1381-86), both in urban and rural areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Foreign Trade and Income Distribution: the case of Iran 1977-2007
محمد بابازاده صالح قویدل حسن عموزاد خلیلیThis research examines the factors affecting income distribution with emphasis on foreign trade. We investigate the significance of international trade on distribution of income in Iran from 1977to 2007. We begin our study with explanation of the theoretical relationshi MoreThis research examines the factors affecting income distribution with emphasis on foreign trade. We investigate the significance of international trade on distribution of income in Iran from 1977to 2007. We begin our study with explanation of the theoretical relationship between foreign trade and income distribution and demonstrate that the economic structure of the country is an important factor in the explanation of the connection between trade and income distribution. Using empirical evidence from Iran, the examination of the link between foreign trade and income distribution, shows that international trade will reduce the income inequality in Iran but the impact is not noteworthy. We also discover that while the non-oil exports have no significant effect on income distribution the export of crude oil increases the income inequality in Iran even though the increase in imports financed by petrodollars has let to an improvement of the index for income distribution. Furthermore, this study indicates an overall increase in GDP per-capita and its distribution is such that the share of upper income groups has increased relative to those in lower income brackets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Survey of the Status and Distribution Trend of Dentists in Lorestan Province 2011-2019
Maryam hasanpuor sajad ghorbanizadeh zahra Asadi Piri rasool mohammadi Soraya NouraeiMotlaghIntroduction: Assessing and quantifying the resources of the health sector and how it is distributed among the regions should be done continuously by policy makers and planners of the health system. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the status and trend MoreIntroduction: Assessing and quantifying the resources of the health sector and how it is distributed among the regions should be done continuously by policy makers and planners of the health system. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the status and trend of inequality in the distribution of dentists in the cities of Lorestan province in the period 2011-2019. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the status and trend of inequality in the distribution of dentists were investigated using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. In 2011, the Gini coefficient of distribution of dentists working in the University of Medical Sciences and private sector dentists was also compared. Results: The results showed that in the public sector, Khorramabad city with 4.52 and Koohdasht city with 1.66 dentists per 100,000 populations, have the highest and lowest numbers, respectively. Khorramabad city has the highest number of dentists per 100,000 people in both public and private sectors. The Gini coefficient in the public sector in the period under review ranged from 0.357 in 2011 to 0.56 in 1398. The Gini coefficient in both private and public sectors is 0.53 and 0.567, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the distribution of dentists in Lorestan province during the years under study has been unfair. Despite the increase in the average number of dentists, inequality in the distribution of dentists has been increasing. Therefore, it is suggested that distribution policies be reformed to reduce inequality and gaps between cities in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Testing the effectiveness of psychological indicators with a perceptual bias approach on a variety of earning management
narges mohseni hamidreza kordlouie mohammadhamed khanmohammadi shadi shahverdianiIn the present study, the relationship between perceptual errors and earnings management motivations among managers in the fields of investment, accounting, auditing using the opinions of ten experts and 260 questionnaires from the mentioned sectors, the proposed model MoreIn the present study, the relationship between perceptual errors and earnings management motivations among managers in the fields of investment, accounting, auditing using the opinions of ten experts and 260 questionnaires from the mentioned sectors, the proposed model was tested, which led to determining and evaluating the optimal model. To be placed. This study evaluated and ranked the different dimensions of perceptual error factors affecting different types of earnings management. The results indicate the impact of 65 perceptual errors on the role of types of earnings management in identifying the optimal model and the significance of the relationship between perceptual errors and all types of earnings management. Efficient and opportunistic was determined as the optimal model that the direct channel of perceptual error affects the management of real and accrued earnings and effective profit management and opportunistic management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Examination of Economic Value Added Profitability on Evalution of Firms Market Risk in Iran
Farzaneh Heidarpoor Mehdi NayebIn this article, has been tried to study the relation between two important objects in accounting and economic, “Economic Value Added and Market Risk”. Present paper is provided to confirm or declaring this theory that whether there is any relation between E MoreIn this article, has been tried to study the relation between two important objects in accounting and economic, “Economic Value Added and Market Risk”. Present paper is provided to confirm or declaring this theory that whether there is any relation between EVA and β among firms in Tehran Stock Exchange or not. To examine this hypothesis, 65 firms have been selected from the companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1380-1384 by using a statistic method, named Cochran. After calculating research's variables (by using financial statements information and investing management software) and by using Pierson correlation analysis method it became clear that there is moderate reverse relation between EVA & β in 1380 and 1382, very weak and reverse in 1381 and very weak and direct in 1383-1384. In other words this research shows that there’s no strong relation between EVA & β in the examined period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of the accounting conservatism effect on decision usefulness
Hashem Nikoomaram Hamidreaza Vakilifard Roohallah Dehghan BanadakiThis study analyzes the impact of accounting conservatism on decision usefulness.The hypothesis of the study were tested by making use of the mixed data of thecorporations accepted into the Securities Market from years 1381 to 1386. Thefindings of the study show that ac MoreThis study analyzes the impact of accounting conservatism on decision usefulness.The hypothesis of the study were tested by making use of the mixed data of thecorporations accepted into the Securities Market from years 1381 to 1386. Thefindings of the study show that accounting conservatism has no decision usefulness inthe Iranian Securities Market. In other words, against the given theory in the sharedconceptual framework, there were not observed any relations between conservatismand decision usefulness in Iran. It is possible that this issue is affected by theinefficiency of the Iranian market, which is dependent on some information other thanthe accounting and financial information, and is less affected by the financial andaccounting information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigation on land cover mapping using Sentinel-2A images in the Google Earth Engine Platform
Naser Ahmadi SaniLand cover map show the spatial distribution of different landscapes such as agricultue, natural resources, water and man-made area. It is a valuable tool to managing and reducing risk in challenging issues such as drought and its effects, food security, flood control, MoreLand cover map show the spatial distribution of different landscapes such as agricultue, natural resources, water and man-made area. It is a valuable tool to managing and reducing risk in challenging issues such as drought and its effects, food security, flood control, and urban planning. In order to overcome the limitations of field work in the mapping of land cover, the use of satellite images due to the wide, multispectral and update data seems to be suitable. In the study area, the spatially heterogeneous landscapes also makes it difficult to classify features. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is accurate and high resolution land cover mapping using Sentinel-2A images in the Google Earth Engine platform. In this regard, three classification algorithms including RF, SVM and CART were evaluated and compared. Various indices were prepared using ratioing and transformation methods. The accuracy of the classifications was evaluated in comparison with ground reference data. Individual bands evaluation showed that the best overall accuracy (49%) was obtained using the CVI index.The best overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 86% and 0.82 were obtained by RF algorithm. Therefore, while pointing to the advantages of the GEE including easily accessible data and the ability to process and quickly compare of data, it can be claimed that Sentinel-2A images for land cover mapping in terms of cost, time and accuracy, have high efficiency and the map can be very useful for the management and decision making in different natural and man-made resources for the successful implementation of sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - An Investigation on the Physical, Anatomical and Fiber Biometrical Properties of Orange Wood (Citrus Spp.)
Ramin Vaysi Iman Khajeali This research was aimed to investigate on the physical, anatomical and fiber biometrical properties of orange wood (Citrus Spp.). For this purpose, six discs of orange wood (Citrus Spp.) trunk from the Tonkabon region were randomly chosen. The samples were prepare More This research was aimed to investigate on the physical, anatomical and fiber biometrical properties of orange wood (Citrus Spp.). For this purpose, six discs of orange wood (Citrus Spp.) trunk from the Tonkabon region were randomly chosen. The samples were prepared for measured fiber biometrical, physical and anatomical properties by using Franklin and ASTM standard test methods respectively. The results showed that wood of orange wood had semi-ring porous, vessels are pairs of 2-3 group's vessels with simple aperture. The parenchyma's were longitudinal and around the vessels. There were a lot of heterogeneous rays in orange wood. The average of the number and vessel diameter were 14 and 89.5, ray thickness 41.4, fiber length 734.1, Runkel coefficient 136, dry density 0.75gr/cm3, basic density0. 64 gr/cm3, shrinkage and porosity 16.5 % and 49.2% percent, respectively. The results also indicated that orange wood properties were very fit and same the hard woods. The results also pointed out that the above-mentioned of orange wood properties can to replace some or full of the raw material for production pulp and paper, fiber board, particle board and another wood composition boards in the wood and paper industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Structural Relationship Study of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient of the Compounds in kesum Essential Oil Using GA-MLR and GA-ANN Methods
Atefehsadat Navabi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani -
Open Access Article
63 - The Study of Optical Properties Exciton Based of Molecular Quantum Dot
Ali Mahmoudloo -
Open Access Article
64 - Structural Relationship Between Randić Indices, Adjacency, Distance Matrixes and Molar Absorption Coefficient of Linear Conjugated Polyene Compounds
Avat (Arman) Taherpour Fatemeh Shafiee -
Open Access Article
65 - Thermodynamic study of Cu(II) ion-selective membrane electrode based on his (N-salicylidene-3,32-diamino dip hen y sulfone
E. Baghdar F. Fekri dar M. Giahi S. Farhadi M. Aghaie -
Open Access Article
66 - Ab initio interaction potential of methane and carbon dioxide: Calculation of second-virial coefficient
M. Aghaie F. Naderi A. Menatian -
Open Access Article
67 - N-phenylaza-15-crown-5 as Ionophore in PVC-Matrix for Fe2+ - Selective Sensor
M. Aghaie M. Giahi H. Aghaie M. Pournaghdy -
Open Access Article
68 - Thermodynamics of Non-Ideality and Ion-Association in Saturated Aqueous Solution of Barium Nitrate at 25° C
M. Aghaie H. Aghaie A. Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
69 - Non- Ideality and Ion-Pairing in Saturated Aqueous Solution of Lithium Carbonate at 25°C
M. Aghaie B.Sh. Broojeni -
Open Access Article
70 - Theoretical study of intermolecular potential energy and second virial coefficient in the mixtures of CH4 and H2CO gases
M. Khaleghian G.R. Ghashami -
Open Access Article
71 - The Solubility of Potassium Sulfate in Thermodynamic view
H. Aghaie Z. Rezania -
Open Access Article
72 - Estimation of second virial coefficients for rare gases in thermodynamic views
M. Baghernejad K. Zare -
Open Access Article
73 - Estimating the second virial coefficients of some real gas mixtures and related thermodynamic views
M. Baghernejad K. Zare -
Open Access Article
74 - Evalution of Urban Sustainable development in Citys Development Process based of morris area technique (Malayer case study)
Seyed davood mousavi Asghar nazarianThe purpose of this article is evaluation in of MalayerCity based on improvements indicators, (economic, social, somatic, and environmental) The used method in this thesis is a combination of analyzing and case -field method. It’s a functional-developing research MoreThe purpose of this article is evaluation in of MalayerCity based on improvements indicators, (economic, social, somatic, and environmental) The used method in this thesis is a combination of analyzing and case -field method. It’s a functional-developing research and its study range is of Malayer City with 2280 hectare area and 159848 population, which was performed in 1392, Findings of this research, showed, although Malayer has moved toward more improvement recently but it didn’t have brilliant success in achieving dimensions of suitable improvement and during this period instability rate of some areas of Malayer has been increased moreover, just 7 neighborhoods of 23 neighborhoods are in the sustainability situation and are in 0/71-1 range and other neighborhoods are in half sustainability situation with 0/41-0/70 range and other neighborhoods are in unsustainable situation with the rang of 0-0/40. also,there is a huge difference among different parts of city according to having human development index (HDI) that based on economic indexes (MAX-MIN=153.5) is so critical and is less in environmental index (MAX-MIN=87.88) so This situation indicates the importance of stability in urban development specially a deep gap between the most sustainable area and the least one shows the unsuitable distribution of uses, lack of social justice, lowness of life quality and welfare in most of the areas of the city. study of urban development indicators in Malayer showed that Malayer can be placed as half- suitable city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Survey the relationship between religion identities and architectural challenges in Tehran
علی رحیمی فاطمه فراهانیIntroduction and objective: Everyone in the city is interested in buildings that make up of beauties which indicate the culture of region there. In this paper, the cultural challenges are identified and more over the effect of religion on some components of the architec MoreIntroduction and objective: Everyone in the city is interested in buildings that make up of beauties which indicate the culture of region there. In this paper, the cultural challenges are identified and more over the effect of religion on some components of the architectures has been tested. Method: In order to collect data, survey information is used and also 450 questionnaires are distributed in the area of 2-5-11-22 of Tehran. For hypothesis testing, descriptive statistic and correlation is used. Findings: Religious identity, historical conditions and morphological structures are variables which have been survived. Results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between morphological characteristics of buildings and buildings face. Results: Results also accept the existence of a positive and significant relationship between access to administrative and religion identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigation and analyzing Urban Network of Lorestan province
پرهام بقایی حجت شیخی اسماعیل جعفریMacrocephaly phenomenon has been shown in lessdeveloped countries and the size of largest city in this countries is morethan 5 to 10 equal of size of population of second city . Aggregationadministrative – politic activities and commercial – social activitie MoreMacrocephaly phenomenon has been shown in lessdeveloped countries and the size of largest city in this countries is morethan 5 to 10 equal of size of population of second city . Aggregationadministrative – politic activities and commercial – social activities infirst city are deterrent of development in other cities in this countries.As a result, regional and national balance is destroyed. The purpose ofstudy is analysis of urban network in the metropolitan region ofLorestan.Research method: the methods of this study are combination ofquantitative - analytical methods and we have used The Rank- SizeRule, Rank - size adjusted, Entropy Index, Lorenz Curve, and GiniCoefficient.Finding: The results of this study show that urban network in themetropolitan region of Lorestan do not follow from Rank- Size Rule.The spatial balance is relatively good between population and numberof towns in metropolitan area. The distribution of urban population andurban area are semi – balanced. And finally at the macro level, first city(Khoram abad) have occurred macrocephaly phenomenon inmetropolitan region of Lorestan.Results: for preventing the formation of the first urban area we shouldavoid migration inter-provincial and, will strengthen the middle andsmall cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - An algorithm for the anchor points of the PPS of the CCR model
Dariush Akbarian -
Open Access Article
78 - Ranking Efficient Decision Making Units in Data Envelopment Analysis based on Changing Reference Set
Parisa Firoozishahmirzadi -
Open Access Article
79 - The Presentation of an Approach of Evaluation and Ranking in Data Envelopment Analysis with Interval Data: a Case Study in the Evaluation and Ranking of Iran’s Provinces in the Health and Treatment Sector
Sharifeh Soofizadeh Reza Fallahnejad -
Open Access Article
80 - Alternative mixed integer linear programming model for finding the most efficient decision making unit in data envelopment analysis
Masomeh Abbasi Abbas Ghomashi -
Open Access Article
81 - Ranking of Non-Extreme Efficient units based on multi ideal DMUs in PPS
Alireza Salehi Farhad Hosseinzadeh lotfi Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh -
Open Access Article
82 - Estimating Production Function under Endogeneity: A Model Based on Data Envelopment Analysis
Roghyeh Malekii Vishkaeii Behrooz Danishian Farhad Hosseinzadeh lotfi -
Open Access Article
83 - Differential Characteristics of Efficient Frontiers in DEA with Weight Restrictions
S. Sohraiee -
Open Access Article
84 - Estimating the Efficient Portfolio in Non-Radial DEA and DEA-R Models
Forod Najafi Mohammad Reza Mozaffari -
Open Access Article
85 - Finding Outlier DMUs in Data Envelopment Analysis
Mahnaz Mirbolouki -
Open Access Article
86 - Determination of Leaching Efficiency Coefficient for Desalinization of Saline and Sodic soil in Veis Area, Khoozestan Province
Zahra Behbahani Zadeh Rezaeyan Ebrahim Pazira Ebrahim Panahpour Narges ZohrabiIncreasing of population in the world caused overusing natural resources and land destruction. Salinization and sodification are two effects of land destruction especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Leaching of soil soluble salts in soil profile could be one of the most MoreIncreasing of population in the world caused overusing natural resources and land destruction. Salinization and sodification are two effects of land destruction especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Leaching of soil soluble salts in soil profile could be one of the most appropriate method to emend and reclaim saline and sodic soils. Determination of requisite water to reclaim this kind of soils and optimal management of water and soil resources are seems to be necessary. In this study, Examination of three different leaching methods including Continues pounding leaching, Intermittent pounding leaching and Spreyer leaching have been performed on saline and sodic soils in Veis area, Khoozestan. This examination performed on natural and intact soil culms with 1 meter height which are located in Polyethylene area with 15 cm diameter. The examined soil layers were 0-25, 25-50, 50-75 and 75-100 cm and the depth of leaching water were 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm. According to obtained results, and experimental method were found for estimation of each leaching method. Exponential model in Continues pounding method was defined as the best model based on better correlation coefficient and lower standard error. However, Intermittent pounding method showed lower utilized water for soil desalinization and better leaching efficiency coefficient corresponding with soil texture of the area. According to shortage of water and advantages of this method compare to two other methods, Continues pounding method will be appropriate for Veis Area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Survey of relationship between soil and geology characteristics with drainage density (Case study: four watersheds in Ardebil province)
keivan jafarzadeh khatibani Abolfazl moeini Hasan AhmadiSoil erosion has been known as a serious environmental problem. Drainage density is one of the most important geomorphological parameter that is used as an index for stream situation, rainfall, runoff, infiltration capacity, topography evolution and erosion. With knowle MoreSoil erosion has been known as a serious environmental problem. Drainage density is one of the most important geomorphological parameter that is used as an index for stream situation, rainfall, runoff, infiltration capacity, topography evolution and erosion. With knowledge about the relationship between characteristic basin with drainage density, we can predict the other properties of basin. The aim of this study was survey of relationship between soil and geology characteristics with drainage density. First, basic information was collected and watersheds boundary was found on topography map. Land component and geology map was prepared and in each land component was determined locations for profile. After field checking at determined location dug profiles and determine physicochemical parameters of soils. Drainage density was calculated using ARC GIS software. Finally using Excel 2013 through charting, the relation between soil characteristics with drainage density was determined and correlation of these factors were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the relationship between soil properties and drainage density in formation and land component is significant at 95 percent level. Also results indicated that drainage density is affected by lithology of formation, slope, and some properties of soil such as TNV, silt, organic carbon and coefficient of erosibility. The maximum of drainage density belonged to quaternary formation without proper plant cover and NGM formation ad minimum of drainage density belonged to TUF and lime formation. Therefore, to some extent, with using of drainage density we can predict soil and geology properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Dependency of runoff characteristics on the plot scale in rainfed land under semi-arid rainfalls
علی رضا واعظی مژگان نوقان مجید فرومدیRunoff is the major soil erosive factor which can be controlled to different factors such as hillslope length.Knowledge of the role of hillslope length in runoff can help in designing soil conservation practices particularlyin rainfed lands. This study was carried out t MoreRunoff is the major soil erosive factor which can be controlled to different factors such as hillslope length.Knowledge of the role of hillslope length in runoff can help in designing soil conservation practices particularlyin rainfed lands. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slope length on runoff in rainfed lands ofsemi-arid regions, north west of Iran. Twenty two plots with different lengths ranging from 1 to 22.1 m and withthe same width were installed on a 10% slope according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation model. Runoffcharacteristics (total runoff volume, runoff per area and runoff coefficient) were determined for a fourteen-monthperiod from March 2015 to Jun 2016. The results indicated that significant difference was found among the plotsin total runoff volume (P< 0.0001). Total runoff volume was significantly differed from 1-m plot to 8-m plotwhile in the higher plots (from 9-m to 22.1-m plots) there was no statistically difference among the plots(R2=0.97). In general, a significant relationship was found between total runoff and the plot length. Runoffcoefficient was largely differed in the rainfall event. There was no significant relationship between runoffcoefficient and rainfall intensity. Runoff per area increased from plot 1-m to plot 8-m and decreased gradually inthe larger plots. According to this result, plot 8-m can be considered as a proper plot for investigating runoff inthe rainfed lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Experimental Investigation and Evaluation Results of Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of classical ADE for conservative solutes
alireza emadi yaghoub azhdan jafar chabokpour Rasoul daneshfarazThe longitudinal dispersion coefficient from the perspective of public safety and human health, is one of the important parameters for predicting and characterizing the transport of pollution in rivers and shallow waters. This paper aimed at investigating the efficiency MoreThe longitudinal dispersion coefficient from the perspective of public safety and human health, is one of the important parameters for predicting and characterizing the transport of pollution in rivers and shallow waters. This paper aimed at investigating the efficiency of the classical advection- dispersion Equation for predicting transport of pollution in a gravel bed rivers. Some tracer experiments were done in a flume with longitudinal slopes of (S= 0.001, 0.007) and five discharges include of (7.5, 11.5, 15.5, 20.5, 25.5) lit/sec. Simulated (OTIS) and analytical breakthrough curves were compared with observed data. The results of this study indicated that advection- dispersion equation in prediction of tailing edge of breakthrough curve has less accuracy. So it not be used in rivers with storage area but it is very helpful to estimate initial value of longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The calculated dispersion coefficient increased with augmentation distance from the injection site. The domain of estimated dispersion coefficient for the tracer test of this research is between (0.0073- 0.18) m2/sec. the results of calculating travel time parameters from experimental BT curves showed an exponential relationship between them and the distance from the injection site. Finally, using a geometric, hydraulic, and tracer test data and applying a Buckinghamۥ π theorem a new equation was developed to predict the longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The relative error and normalized root mean square error for the proposed equation were calculated respectively 24% and 1.37. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Sensitivity Analysis of Evapotranspiration to Change in Meteorological Parameters in North-West and West of Iran
Yagob Dinpashoh Saead Jahanbakhsh asl masoumeh foroughiSensitivity analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for improving water management in the arid and semi-arid country as like Iran. However, it is important to analyze the sensitivity of ET0 to meteorological parameters, since the climate globally MoreSensitivity analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for improving water management in the arid and semi-arid country as like Iran. However, it is important to analyze the sensitivity of ET0 to meteorological parameters, since the climate globally has been changed to some extent. In this study, sensitivity of ET0 by varying the climatic parameters at 36 selected stations in the West and Northwest of Iran was investigated. The priority and effect of the climatic parameters in different months at the selected stations were found by sensitivity analysis. The ET0 is calculated based on the most recommended form of the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. To analysis the sensitivity, variations of ET0 depends on the changes in minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), wind speed (u2), minimum relative humidity (RHmin) and maximum relative humidity (RHmax), in the range of ±20% with the step of 5% was calculated. Finally, the parameter with higher importance for each station was obtained. Results showed that ET0 was more sensitive to the variation of Tmax at the 13 stations (36.11%) in annual time scale. The maximum change of ET0 by increasing of Tmax with+20% was found at Ardebil (15.54%) and the minimum change in the same situation was found to be 6.05 % at Meshkinshahr. The range of the changes by varying T min was between -47 % (in Sanandaj) to 0.91 % (in Khalkhal). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Estimating water requirement of forage maize and sugar beet using remote sensing (case study: Qazvin plain)
حمیده نوری ALI Mokhtari Alireza BadiyeneshinIn this study, Kc curves of early- and late-planted fodder maize and sugar beet were obtained based on two main satellite-based methods: (1) ratio approach (2) vegetation indices (VIs) approach. In the ratio approach, basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and single crop coeffic MoreIn this study, Kc curves of early- and late-planted fodder maize and sugar beet were obtained based on two main satellite-based methods: (1) ratio approach (2) vegetation indices (VIs) approach. In the ratio approach, basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and single crop coefficient (Kc) was directly calculated from the ratio of potential transpiration (Tp) to ET0 (using SWAP) and ETp to ET0 (using SWAP and the Priestly-Taylor equation), respectively. The VI approach makes use of Landsat 7 (ETM+) and 8 (OLI) and also MODIS imagery in order to extract soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The Kcb curves were evaluated against field measured leaf area index (LAI) in 2012 growing season. After each Kc curve was modeled, net irrigation requirement (NIR) was calculated on daily and season basis. Results showed that the SWAP approach was weak in estimating the Kcb and Kc curves especially at late-season stage. The VI approach could properly detect changes in vegetation cover during an entire growing season. But, when it came to Kc curve modelling, the VI approach was limited to the values given in FAO 56. However, the Priestly-Taylor approach compensated for the aforesaid limitation; therefore, yielded more sensible trends in Kc curves. Therefore satellite-based approaches derived from more realistic Kc curves during the entire growing season. Overall, making use of the satellite-based approaches could improve water management on regional scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Laboratory Study of The Effect of V-shaped Structure on Changes in Fishway Roughness
maryam shahabi Javad Ahdiyan Marjan Narimousa Mehdi Ghomeshi Hossein Azizi NadianBackground and Aim: In this study, a new overflow with a v-shaped structure was used as a barrier in the culvert. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate its performance on changes in flow resistance properties such as the square root of the Modi fricti MoreBackground and Aim: In this study, a new overflow with a v-shaped structure was used as a barrier in the culvert. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate its performance on changes in flow resistance properties such as the square root of the Modi friction coefficient and the Manning roughness coefficient.Method:The present study experiments were performed on the physical model available in the hydraulic laboratory of the Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. This physical model includes a laboratory flume 10 meters long, 0.25 meters wide, and 0.5 meters high. At the beginning of each experiment, the structures were glued to the flume bed at specified relative distances. After 24 hours of gluing the systems, the flume's flow rate and slope were adjusted. The desired flow rate was adjusted using a triangular overflow with an angle of 53 degrees located downstream of the flume and the slope through the jack. A point gauge with an accuracy of 0.1 mm was used to remove the water surface profile.Results: By increasing the dimensionless flow in a relative distance between structures and a certain slope, the manning roughness coefficient of the structure decreases. So that at a slope of 10%, the relative distance between the structures was 1.3, the value of the Manning roughness coefficient of the system from dimensionless flow decreased from 0.20 to 0.43 by 30%. By increasing the relative distance between structures at a certain flow rate, the manning roughness coefficient of the structure decreases, which is similar to the effect of the relative distance between structures on the square root of the friction drop coefficient of the structure.Conclusion: In examining the impact trend of the V-fish structure, it was found that dimensionless flow has an inverse effect on the flow friction coefficient and the manning roughness coefficient of the structure. On the other hand, the inverse relationship between landing number and flow friction coefficient, and manning coefficient of the structure was determined. It was found that the relative distance between the structures also has an inverse effect on the flow friction coefficient and the manning coefficient of the structure. The inverse effect of the Reynolds number on current resistance parameters was also extracted. The best condition of the fish road structure with v-shaped overflow occurs in the relative distance between the 1.3 and 10% slope structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Experimental Study of Discharge Doefficient of the Groove upstream of Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam (using Hydraulic Models)
zahra rahiminejad sayed habib musavi-jahromi Amir Khosrojerdi Hossien Hassanpour Darvishi Jamal Mohammad Vali SamaniConsidering the role of heterogeneous dams in flood control and also water storage, its very important to consider the flow hydraulic in them. On the other hand, proper design of Rockfill dams requires accurate study of flow behavior in these dams. In this regard by stu MoreConsidering the role of heterogeneous dams in flood control and also water storage, its very important to consider the flow hydraulic in them. On the other hand, proper design of Rockfill dams requires accurate study of flow behavior in these dams. In this regard by studying the concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) in the present study, by creating different cracks on the concrete face of the dam in the laboratory model, the water infiltration behavior inside the dam body was investigated. Transverse cracks of concrete slab on CFRD Dam and water flow and how to control it in CFRDs is one of the most important issues considered by experts in the design of dams. Determining the discharge coefficient of the groove to estimate the flow rate is important and unavoidable. The purpose of this study is to calculate the discharge coefficient of a rectangular groove located in the concrete surface upstream of the CFRD in both submerged and free conditions. Variable geometric parameters in this study include the height of the groove from the bed, the angle of the groove located upstream of the horizon and the variable hydraulic parameters include the height of the water head upstream of the CFRD. two equations were developed using dimensional analysis and nonlinear equation analysis, in order to predict the CD of the upstream groove of a CFRD dam in both free and submerged states. The equations are in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.988 (free ) and 0.984 (submerged )) with experimental results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Increasing the water discharge coefficient of piano key weirs using physical models
Vafa Rezaei Sayed Habib Musavi-Jahromi Amir Khosrowjerdi Hossein SedghiOverflows play an important role technically and economically in optimizing the operation of water storage structures. Piano key weir is an advanced and developed type of spillway that can transfer large amounts of discharge by keeping executive costs constant. The aim MoreOverflows play an important role technically and economically in optimizing the operation of water storage structures. Piano key weir is an advanced and developed type of spillway that can transfer large amounts of discharge by keeping executive costs constant. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters affecting the discharge coefficient, using nine physical models. The ratio of the width of the input keys (Wi) to the output (Wo) in the seven overflows were: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 (PK1.0, PK1.1, PK1, PK1.3, PK1.4, PK1.5 and PK1.6 respectively) and the other two models included PKT (thicker-walled) and PKTP (thicker-walled and crown-enhanced). The effect of changing the width of the inlet (Wi) and outlet (Wo) keys on the discharge coefficient and stage-discharge curve, the effect of wall thickness and parapet wall were evaluated. Results showed that the best model for changing the inlet and outlet widths was the model of PK1.4, which resulted in 30% increase in discharge rate compared with the control. The increase in wall thickness led to an increase in the discharge at a 5% rate in comparison with control and installing parapet wall resulted in a 10% increase in discharge and a uniform distribution of flow lines on the weir. According to the results of this research, based on the superiority of three models of PK1.4, PKT and PKTP, the geometric properties of these models can be used as a model in optimizing the design of piano key weirs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Influence of gate plate slope on hydraulic characteristics of sluice gates
Rasoul Ilkhanipour Zeynali Sayyed Habib Mousavi Jahromi Sayyed Mahmoud Kashefipour Dezfouli Manouchehr Fathi MoghadamGate plate slope has an important role on hydraulic characteristics of sluice gates. In the previous studies, the influence of gate plate slope on hydraulic characteristics of sluice gates has not investigated theoretically. By applying the results of this theoretical s MoreGate plate slope has an important role on hydraulic characteristics of sluice gates. In the previous studies, the influence of gate plate slope on hydraulic characteristics of sluice gates has not investigated theoretically. By applying the results of this theoretical study, the theoretical relations for discharge characteristics of sluice gates will be obtained depend on the gate plate slope. These theoretical and simple relations can be used to radial and top hinged flap gates, instead of long and complicated empirical and dimensional analyses-based equations. In this order, Euler’s equation was used to relate the specific energy of inclined sluice gate with specific energy of vertical sluice gate in rectangular channels under free orifice-flow condition. The gate plate slope was considered in the streamwise component of the gravitational acceleration in Euler’s equation. The ratio of inclined to vertical sluice gates specific energies obtained depends on the gate plate slope. The equation allows for the gate plate inclinations into the upstream pool. By applying the relation for specific energies ratio along the surface streamline, the water depths ratio at the vena contracta obtained depends on the gate plate slope with assuming negligible energy loss and approach velocities. Experimental data were used to validate the proposed equation for water depths ratio at the vena contracta, which showed good agreement with the measured values. Also, other equations presented for contraction and discharge coefficients variation with the gate plate slope. The proposed relation for contraction coefficient developed to radial and top hinged flap gates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Estimation of Production Function and Water Use Efficiency on Eggplant in Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Ali Abdzad Gohari Ebrahim Amiri Amin AlizadehAccess to irrigation scheduling and water and nitrogen management effects on growth of eggplant, because it When can increase the yield of the proper management of water and fertilizer is needed. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of reducin MoreAccess to irrigation scheduling and water and nitrogen management effects on growth of eggplant, because it When can increase the yield of the proper management of water and fertilizer is needed. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of reducing water consumption at eggplant plants using drip irrigation tape (Tape) and Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and its effect on crop yield and the production function and Crop coefficient (Kc) and Crop drought resistance factor (Ky), in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the city of Astaneh Ashrafiyeh in 2010 crop year. Main plots consisted of non-irrigated (dryland) and drip irrigation management, 60, 80 and 100% of crop water requirement and two minor amounts of nitrogen including zero, 90, 120 and 150 kg.N.ha-1 were applied. The results showed that Drip irrigation at 100% of crop water management with the application of 120 kg.N.ha-1 produced maximum yield was with 51.9 ton.ha-1. WUE values varied in the range of 4.20 to 11.42 kg/m3 in relation to nitrogen management and irrigation had a greater effect on yield. Crop coefficient obtained during the growing season varies for Eggplant was between 0.8 to 0.9 while resistance factor was Ky =1.06. The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height and length of the roots in irrigation management, and content management across the product nitrogen. But yield, number of leaves, length and width of the product and water use efficiency of eggplant were affected by the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer and their interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Determination of the Effective Moisture Diffusivity Coefficient and Mathematical Modeling of Balangu Seed Gum Drying with Infrared
Navid Godini Ashraf Gohari Ardabili Fakhreddin SalehiIntroduction: Today, drying of agricultural products is a developed method that removes part of the moisture leads to physicochemical stability of the product, also, produces different products with new qualitative properties and different nutritional and economical val MoreIntroduction: Today, drying of agricultural products is a developed method that removes part of the moisture leads to physicochemical stability of the product, also, produces different products with new qualitative properties and different nutritional and economical value. Moisture diffusivity coefficient is the most crucial property in drying calculations. Materials and Methods: In this study, drying kinetics modeling of Balangu seed gum in an infrared dryer was investigated. The effect of samples distance from the radiation lamp in three levels of 5, 7.5 and 10 cm and the effect of gum height in the container in three levels of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm on the mass transfer rate and effective moisture diffusivity coefficient during the dry process of Balangu seed gum was investigated. Standard models (Wang and Singh, Henderson and Pabis, Approximation of diffusion, Page, Modified Page, Newton, Midilli, and Logarithmic) were fitted to experimental data to study the drying kinetics and was analyzed. Results: The results showed that samples distance from the radiation lamp and samples thickness had significant effect on the mass transfer rate during drying of gum. By increasing samples distance from the heat source from 5 to 7.5 cm and from 7.5 to 10 cm, the drying time of Balangu seed gum increased by 21.49% and 15.20%, respectively. The effect of sample distance from infrared heat lamp and sample thickness on changes in effective moisture diffusivity coefficient of Balangu seed gum was investigated and results showed that this coefficient values were increased with decreasing in distance and increasing samples thickness. By reducing sample distance from the lamp from 10 to 5 cm, it was observed that the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient increased from 4.82×10-9 m2s-1 to 7.05×10-9 m2s-1. Conclusion: In drying process modeling of Balangu seed gum, the Page model with the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest error, had closer results to the experimental data than the other models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Mass Transfer Kinetics of Combined Infrared-Hot Air Drying of Pumpkin
S. H. Hosseini Ghaboos S. M. Seyedain Ardabili M. Kashaninejad G. H. Assadi M. AlamiIntroduction: Pumpkin is a good source of carotene, water-soluble vitamins and amino acids. Pumpkin can be processed into flour which has a longer shelf-life. Pumpkin flour is used because of its highly-desirable flavour, sweetness and deep yellow orange –red colo MoreIntroduction: Pumpkin is a good source of carotene, water-soluble vitamins and amino acids. Pumpkin can be processed into flour which has a longer shelf-life. Pumpkin flour is used because of its highly-desirable flavour, sweetness and deep yellow orange –red colour. In this study, kinetic modeling of pumpkin drying in an infrared-hot air dryer was investigated. Materials and Methods: The effect of radiation lamp power at three levels of 204, 238 and 272W, hot air temperature at three levels of 55, 65 and 75 °C and samples thickness at two levels of 0.5 and 0.7 cm on time and drying kinetics and moisture diffusion coefficient during drying of pumpkin in a completely randomized design were evaluated. Results: The effect of radiation power and hot air temperature on the drying process of pumpkin is significant. Increase in infrared lamp power from 204 to 272 W and increase in hot air temperature from 55 to75°C reduced pumpkin drying time 15.05 and 37.43 %, respectively. Effective diffusivity coefficient of pumpkin moisture was between 9.2×10-10 to 3.3×10-9 m2/s. Conclusion: 272 W power, 75 °C temperature and 0.5 cm thickness were the best condition for drying of pumpkin. The effects of infrared heat power and hot air temperature on effective diffusivity coefficient changes were investigated and it was found that the effective diffusivity coefficient increased by increasing heat source power and air temperature. In modeling of pumpkin drying process, Newton model is a better match with the experimental results as compared to other models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - سینتیک کاهش رطوبت خرمالو در طی فرآیند خشک کردن ترکیبی هوای داغ- مادون قرمز
F. Salehi M. Kashani Nejad P. Siah Mansori E. MoradiIntroduction: Investigation of the mass transfer kinetics and moisture diffusivity coefficients can be useful tools for optimal control of the drying process condition and increasing the product quality. Materials and Methods: In this study, kinetic modeling of persimmo MoreIntroduction: Investigation of the mass transfer kinetics and moisture diffusivity coefficients can be useful tools for optimal control of the drying process condition and increasing the product quality. Materials and Methods: In this study, kinetic modeling of persimmon drying in a combined hot air- infrared dryer was investigated. The effect of hot air temperature at three levels of 55, 65 and 75 °C and radiation lamp power at three levels of 150, 250 and 375 W on time and drying rate, and moisture diffusion coefficients during drying process of persimmon were evaluated. Results: By increasing the temperature of drying from 55 to 75 °C, 36 % of the drying time was reduced and by increasing the power of infrared lamp from 150 to 375 W the time of drying of persimmon was reduced by 68.4%. The effect of infrared heat power and hot air temperature on effective diffusivity coefficient of persimmon was investigated and the results showed that the effective diffusivity coefficient was increased by increasing the heat source power. Effective diffusivity coefficient of persimmon moisture was between 1.8×10-9 to 1.3×10-8 m2/s. Conclusion: The results indicated that the effect of hot air temperature and radiation lamp power on the drying process of persimmon is significant. In modeling of persimmon drying process, the logarithmic model is a better match with the experimental results as compared to the other models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Determination of Some Physical Properties of Pistachio Nut and Its Kernel (Qazvini Varieties)
mohammad gholami porshokohi milad mohammadi shamami shahram mohseni ali mashallah kermani ehsan abdolalizadehIntroduction: Understanding the physical and mechanical characteristics and knowledge of agricultural products are important and vital and knowledge steps for post harvesting storage and preservation. In this study, several physical properties of the Qazvinian cultivars MoreIntroduction: Understanding the physical and mechanical characteristics and knowledge of agricultural products are important and vital and knowledge steps for post harvesting storage and preservation. In this study, several physical properties of the Qazvinian cultivars (Qazvini and Boein zahra) of pistachio nut and their kernel and the effect of different levels of moisture content on their characteristics were evaluated.Materials and Methods: Physical properties that consisted of dimensional specifications such as three major diameter (length, width, thickness), unit mass, sphericity, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, true volume, true density, bulk density, porosity and the static coefficient of friction at five levels of moisture content (3.5%, 12%, 19.5%, 27%,35.5% ) were measured.Results: The results of this investigation concerned with geometrical properties indicated that moisture had significant effects on the dimension, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter,sphericity, surface area of pistachio nut and its kernel in both cultivars.Conclusion: By increasing the moisture content, all the listed properties of both cultivars (Qazvini and Boein Zahra) have been increased. The highest static coefficient of friction for Qazvini and Boein Zahra cultivars is on aluminum and the lowest is on plastic surfaces. The kernels of Qazvini and Boein Zahra pistachio, had the highest coefficient on wood and the lowest coefficient on plastic and glass surfaces respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Characterization of Milk Proteins in Ultrafiltration Permeate and Their Rejection Coefficients
M. Jahadi M. R. Ehsani S. Paidari -
Open Access Article
102 - A comparison of the stability of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirense var. horizontalis) and Brutia Pine (Pinus brutia Ten) plantations in Ramian, Golestan Province of Iran
Aynaz Charkazi Mojtaba Amiri Homan Ravanbakhsh داوود مقدسیBackground and Objective: Tree slenderness coefficient (The ratio of total height to diameter at breast height) is one of the most important indicators of tree stability against the wind and shows the environmental properties of the forest sites therefore it will be a g MoreBackground and Objective: Tree slenderness coefficient (The ratio of total height to diameter at breast height) is one of the most important indicators of tree stability against the wind and shows the environmental properties of the forest sites therefore it will be a good guide for silvicultural operation. The aim of this study is analyzing and surveying of elongation coefficient for the species of Cypress and Brutia Pine in Ramian forest plantations.Material and Methodology: after the primary assessment of the region and selecting the intended forest stands including Cypress and Brutia Pine, four plots of one hectare (100×100 m) were determined in each stand. Then on hectare divided to 4 plot 2500m2. In each plot quantitative parameters of trees including diameter and total height were measured. To study the stability of cypress and pine plantations, Burschel & Huss stability indexes were used. Independent t test was applied to compare the quantitative parameters of species.Finding: According to the results, there was a decreasing relationship between diameter and elongation coefficient as when the diameter is increased, the total height will be decreased and resulted in more stability of the trees. In this research, the least amount of elongation coefficient was for Pinus brutia (59.4%) and the highest amount was for Cupressus sempervirens (68.4%). According to, Burschel & Huss stability indexes, P. brutia was more stable than the other species because of the less slenderness ratio.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that P. brutia is more successful species than C. sempervirense for afforestation in Ramian and similar regions. To improve the stability of cypress stands, scheduled and appropriated silvicultural operation is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Identification and Distribution of Echinodermata in Northern Coast of Kish Island
simin najafshad Parisa Nejatkhah Manavi Abdolrahim VosoghiBackground and Objective: Echinoderms are one of the oldest and the most important marine groups. They play an important role in oceans’ ecology especially in coral reefs. Various species of Echinodermata were identified in the depth of 5 m and in intertidal zone MoreBackground and Objective: Echinoderms are one of the oldest and the most important marine groups. They play an important role in oceans’ ecology especially in coral reefs. Various species of Echinodermata were identified in the depth of 5 m and in intertidal zone of northern coasts of Kish Island in winter and summer of 2014. Method: Four stations at the northen coast of Kish Island (Simorgh, Didaniha, Kampe Rahimi, Derakhtsabz) were selected in terms of the characteristics of the zone, and Simorgh site was selected as the main station. Specimens were collected using a 1×1 m2 quadrat and identified following recovery and counting. Findings: Totally, 184 specimens were collected and they belonged to 4 Classes, 6 Families and 7 Species of Echinometra mathaei, Diadema setosum, Clypeaster reticulates, Linckia multiflora, Macrophiothrix elongate, Holothuria (selenkothuria) Bacilla, Holothuria leucospilota. Except for Echinometra mathaei which was identified in “Simorgh station”, no other type of Echinodermata was found in intertidal zone of other stations. In this study, Clypeaster reticulatus, Holothuria leucospilota, Macrophiothrix elongate, Holothuria (selenkothuria) Bacilla were found for the first time in the depth of 5 m of Kish Island. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that density of Echinodermata was higher in summer than in winter. Echinometra mathaei was the most prominent species in the southern cost of Kish Island with a stability coefficient of 24.4 and 18.4 for summer and the winter, respectively. Moreover, indexes of richness increases in cold season and decreased in warm season. According to the stability coefficient and indexes of richness and density in the northern cost of the island, only Simorgh station has no stress and contains rare species. However, other three stations of Didaniha, Derakhtsabz and Kampe Rahimi are under stress and have little common species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Basin of Namak Lake Using Statistical, DRASTIC and P-DRASTIC Methods
Javad Samadi Naghmeh Mobarghei dinanBackground and Purposes: Statistical methods are widely used in environmental studies to evaluate natural hazards. Within groundwater vulnerability in particular, statistical methods are used to support decisions about environmental planning and management. In this stud MoreBackground and Purposes: Statistical methods are widely used in environmental studies to evaluate natural hazards. Within groundwater vulnerability in particular, statistical methods are used to support decisions about environmental planning and management. In this study, the optimized of DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC model parameters and land use layers (LU) were used to assess of pollution risk in catchment basin aquifer in south of Namak lake using of statistical methods. Methods: Information layers were prepared, rated (deterministic and fuzzy-statistical), weighted (original and statistical) and combined (by Index-Overlay method) in GIS environment. For modeling, from nonlinear regression for fuzzy-statistical rating (scaling) and the Pearson correlation coefficients between of nitrate concentrations with scaling parameters of DRASTIC, P-DRASTIC model and sensitivity analysis (removal and single-parameter) were performed to determine and modify of parameters weighted. Results: As result P-RASIC-LU and RASIC-LU model with statistical rating and weighting, removal-parameter sensitivity analysis, determine as best selection model based on correlation coefficient = 62%, P-value = 0.01 and with parameters of net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity and land use with the weighty values of 3.1, 4.0, 4.1, 3.1, 2, 2 and 2.5, 4.63, 4.15, 3.03, 2, 1.96 consequently. According to this model, western and southern parts of the aquifer has high pollution risk due to high net recharge and coarse-grain material in the impact of vadose zone, soil and aquifer media. Conclusion: Since reviewing of weight and rank of model parameters is limited personal opinions and increased model validation using statistical methods and GIS, It can be expected that favorable results to be followed for optimization of pollution risk model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigation of Arsenic Anomalies and Its Probable Origins in Maragheh Plain
shahram baikpour Zahra ArghavanBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical MoreBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical relations between these parameters and Probable Origins of contamination. Methods: In order to carry out ground water quality monitoring, and evaluate the controlling processes and to determine cations and anions sources of the groundwater, 34 wells were selected for sampling from July 2014 and April 2015and water quality parameters were measured and sent to the Laboratory Applied Research Center of Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (Elburz). Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and Factor Analysis & Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The chemical composition of the surface and groundwater is controlled by several processes such as mineral dissolution, increasing evaporation from the aquifer, irrigation return flow, saline water intrusion in the Ajbashir Plain, geological status of the area, anthropogenic inputs. Discussion and Conclusion: The concentration of arsenic based on WHO standard is 10μg/L, while the maximum arsenic concentration in the study area is 308.5μg/L and the mean concentration is 44μg/L. According to the results, it relies that arsenic probable sources can be concerned to industrial waste water in Maragheh and Bonab industrial complex, agricultural activities (using pesticides and insecticides) and geological factors (existence of Shemshak formation), rocks and sediments derived from the erosion of these rocks and coal mines (Khormazard). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals and Radioactive Elements Built in Sediments and Residual Salts in the Dry Bed of Lake Urmia
Asghar Asghari Moghaddam Fatemeh Nazari Mohsen Moazzen Vartan SimmondsBackground and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harm MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harmful elements have entered the lake water. With the regression of the lake, the complex contaminants in the water have been transferred to the sediments and salts of the lake bed, which in case of possible conversion of these sediments and salts containing hazardous elements into fine dust, will affect the surrounding areas. In this study, the content of heavy harmful metals (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Cd and Hg) and radioactive materials (Th and U) in sediments and salts of Lake Urmia were evaluated. . The purpose of this study is to identify and study the source of contamination of harmful elements in sediments and residual salts in the dried bed of the semi-eastern part and between the passage of Lake Urmia. Method: To investigate, sampling of sediments and surface salts of the lake was done from the eastern and middle part of the lake and the samples were geochemically evaluated and statistically analyzed. Findings: Comparison of the results of the obtained concentrations with the average crust showed that the elements As, Cu, Ni, Co, Hg, Cd, Th and U in the region are more than the average crust. Discussion and Conclusion: The studied elements were examined by statistical evaluations such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results of all three methods were consistent with each other. According to these results, the origin of U and Hg elements is geology and the origin of other human elements. The main sources of human pollution are from urban and industrial effluents and sewage in the areas around the lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Predicting Changes in the Supply of Ecosystem Services Related to Biodiversity Due to Land Use Changes in the Shafarood Watershed of Guilan Province
Setareh Mehrkhou Mahdi Ramezani Parvin Farshchi Mostafa Panahi s.masoud MonavariBackground and Objective: Severe land use change in recent decades has affected the ability of ecosystems to provide services, so it is necessary to be aware of the trend of these changes and their impact on ecosystem services for sustainable land management. The aim of MoreBackground and Objective: Severe land use change in recent decades has affected the ability of ecosystems to provide services, so it is necessary to be aware of the trend of these changes and their impact on ecosystem services for sustainable land management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of land use change on biodiversity services in the Shafarood watershed in Gilan province.Material and Methodology: The present study consists of three steps: 1) Extraction of past and present land use maps using Landsat satellite images using ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.3 software 2) Prediction and extraction of future land use maps using Scenario Generator tool of InVEST software and finally 3) Quantitative evaluation and modeling and mapping of ecosystem services related to biodiversity using the Habitat Quality model of InVEST software.Findings: The results showed that habitat quality has decreased sharply over time under the influence of land use changes, and habitat degradation has increased sharply so that the average habitat quality for the entire study area for 2000, 2020, and 2040 are equal to 0.88, 0.64, and 0.41respectively. Also, the average habitat destruction for the whole Shafarood watershed in 2000 is equal to 0.0021, in 2020 equal to 0.0042, and for 2040 equal to 0.0061.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be argued that the increase of human development activities with the aim of acquiring and exploiting natural lands has caused irreparable damage to the structure of natural lands and plant and animal habitats and the continuation of such a process will lead to the risk of complete destruction of these unique resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Evaluating the performance of extended aeration process in treatment of hospital wastewater and determining its kinetic coefficients- Case study: Wastewater Treatment Plant of Quds Hospital in Sanandaj
Meghdad Pirsaheb Abdollah Dargahi AliAkbar Zinatizadeh Razieh Khamutian Mojgan Mashirpanahi Hafez GolestanifarBackground and Objective: The most effective issues in biological processes of wastewater treatment are appropriate selection of bio-kinetics issues. Therefore, the goal of this study is to review the operation, to determine the kinetics parameters and to model the biol MoreBackground and Objective: The most effective issues in biological processes of wastewater treatment are appropriate selection of bio-kinetics issues. Therefore, the goal of this study is to review the operation, to determine the kinetics parameters and to model the biological process of the activated sludge unit of Qods hospitals wastewater treatment plant in Sanandaj, Iran. Method: This research is a descriptive sectional one which is conducted in the laboratory of Sanandaj wastewater treatment plant during 3 months in the 2011.As a result, a total of 100 samples were taken from raw wastewater, pond aeration, secondary effluent sludge and returned sludge. In each sample, COD, MLSS, TSS, VSS, discharge of raw sewage, F/M (on a daily basis), and BOD5 (two times a week) were measured. Findings: The results from this study showed that the mean BOD5, COD, TSS in the secondary effluent were 39±11.9, 102±23.6 and 53±30 mg/l, respectively, and the mean of kinetics parameters of K, KS, Y, Kd, and µmax were 2.39±0.14, 36.7±5.97, 0.188±0.028, 0.04±0.01 and 0.39±0.017 respectively. Conclusion: Considering the intended goal (determination of kinetic coefficients) the overall efficiency of the activated sludge system was obtained to beinappropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Estimation of Environmental Pollutants Shadow Price Resulting from Fossil Fuel Use in Different Economical Sectors Case study: Tehran Province
Mir Hosein Mousavi Narges Barzegar Abbas MemarzadeAbstractIntroduction: The economical sectors, being a main consumer of fossil fuels, play a basic role in theEmission of environmental pollutants. In the process of giving service, these sectors createUndesirable outputs, in addition to desirable ones. The cost of this MoreAbstractIntroduction: The economical sectors, being a main consumer of fossil fuels, play a basic role in theEmission of environmental pollutants. In the process of giving service, these sectors createUndesirable outputs, in addition to desirable ones. The cost of this polluting behavior, and also thescarcity of appropriate analytical methods for the purpose of environmental policy making, someefforts have been made. In this paper, to estimate shadow price of environmental pollutants created byfossil fuel consumption in the economical sectors of Tehran province.Material & Methods: The used methodology in this paper is input-output analysis and EPAcoefficients.Results: Results show that economic sectors include transportation sectors to create23548850629RSL social cost , service 88533443280 RLS, agricultural 74716821840 RLS andindustry7269567240 RLS among economic sectors of Tehran have the most shadow prices of environmentalpollutants resulting from fossil fuel respectively.Discussion : Considering the global movement towards sustainable development, it is essential tonotice to the environmental destruction caused by different economical sectors. The results show thatmost of the social costs of air pollutants examined in this study due to the use of gas to the price of796 RLS per liter consumption in the transportation sector, and the lowest induced kerosene to cost196 RLS per liter is consumed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Calculation of transfer coefficients in root vegetables for Cesium-137
Effat Yahaghi Najmeh Bahman AbadiBackground and Objective: Cesium-137 is one of the most important radioactive nuclides which are released into the environment during nuclear accidents. This metal remains in high layers of the soil and by the time diffuse to the lower depths of the soil and absorbed by MoreBackground and Objective: Cesium-137 is one of the most important radioactive nuclides which are released into the environment during nuclear accidents. This metal remains in high layers of the soil and by the time diffuse to the lower depths of the soil and absorbed by plant roots and finally it will enter the human chain and effects directly on the human health. Therefore, the use of appropriate models for prediction of the Cs absorption in root vegetables can help on the human health. Method: In this study, transfer coefficients and Cs-137 uptake in the root vegetables is investigated by compartmental model. Data of Fukushima accident were used for the calculation of parameters in the plants. Data of Cs concentration in soil and in root of vegetables are as inputs. Findings: The result shows the calculated transfer coefficients for soil to root of vegetable is 0.031 for turnip and 0.039 for carrot, in the same order of reference 0.037 for the loam soil of agricultural and root vegetables. Discussion and Conclusion: The calculated transfer coefficients are in a very good consistency to the recommended NCRP. This result can be used for predicting the nuclear contamination in the nuclear accident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Introducing new equations for the reaction coefficient for modelling lead and cadmium heavy metals in riverine systems
Ali Roshanfekr Seyed Mahmood Kashefipour Nematollah JafarzadehPollutant and sediment transport is one of the main problems in riverine and estuarine systems and has negative effect on life. Heavy metals are one of the main pollutants which modelling of these pollutants near the places that humans are living is very important MorePollutant and sediment transport is one of the main problems in riverine and estuarine systems and has negative effect on life. Heavy metals are one of the main pollutants which modelling of these pollutants near the places that humans are living is very important. Heavy metals are non-conservative in nature and there concentration depends on salinity and pH. The objective of this paper is to introduce new equations for the reaction coefficient of lead and cadmium using pH and EC variation in riverine systems. This paper first describes the governing equations of dissolved heavy metals in riverine systems. Then it introduces the FASTER model for modelling the flow and heavy metal concentration downstream of the river. In the current model the one dimensional advection dispersion equation was solved using the new ULTIMATE QUICKEST and FTCS methods. This method has been verified using a standard example and then used to model the heavy metal concentration in Karoon riverine system. In this regard for calibration and verification of the hydrodynamic model, the model was run in the Mollasani-Farsiat reach of the Karoon River and was calibrated using Ahwaz station observed data. In the end some equations were introduced for the reaction coefficient of lead and cadmium heavy metals and used in the model source code. Later the model was run for five different reaction coefficients for lead and cadmium, which are as follow: 1- zero coefficient reaction, 2- constant coefficient reaction, 3- coefficient reaction as a function of pH, 4- coefficient reaction as a function of EC and 5- coefficient reaction as a function of pH and EC. The results of the model calibration and verification for lead and cadmium heavy metals show that selecting a varied reaction coefficient increases the accuracy of the model. Selecting a varied reaction coefficient with pH and EC will increase the accuracy of the model about %91.71 and %97.71 for lead and cadmium respectively. Therefore this model and the new approach can be used as a useful tool for hydro-environmental modelling in riverine systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Identification of Satellite Image Ability for Vegetation Cover Crown Percentage Mapping in Arid and Semi Arid Region (Case study: Mouteh wild life sanctuary)
Vahid Rahdari Alireza Soffianian Seyed Jamalaldin Khajaldin Saedeh Maleki NajfabdaiIntroductionRemote sensing provides the basic data to undertake inventory of land resources specially vegetationmapping.Material and MethodsIn this study for producing vegetation cover percentage map in Mouteh wild life sanctuary, IRS-P6,LISS III data was used for June MoreIntroductionRemote sensing provides the basic data to undertake inventory of land resources specially vegetationmapping.Material and MethodsIn this study for producing vegetation cover percentage map in Mouteh wild life sanctuary, IRS-P6,LISS III data was used for June 2006. First geometric and atmospheric correction was done.Vegetation cover sampling was done with 290 plots in heterogeneous cover areas and Data werecollected from overall region. Vegetation Indices were produced using satellite image. Simple linearregression was done between plots information and vegetation indices and models were produced foreach index and vegetation maps were produced using each index model.ResultsResults showed that SAVI index had highest correlation with field sampling equal 0.78 and it wasused for vegetation cover percentage mapping. Using SAVI model vegetation cover was classified infour classes: 0-10%, 10-20%, 20-40% and 40%<.Disscusion And ConclusionsResults showed that 10%> and 10-20% crown cover were dominate in region. SAVI index with soilcoefficient reduced soil background reflectance effects. In this study NDVI, TSAVI1 and RVI hadhigh correlation (0.77, 0.78 and 0.76). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Exergy Analysis of Geothermal Heat Pump in Larijan
Hesamoddin Salarian Homan Naderi Morteza HosainzadeBackground and Objective: This study aims to investigate a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump system with vertical U-bend heat exchanger which can provide the energy needed from the depths of earth. Exergy of the system was analyzed and the performance efficiency and coefficient MoreBackground and Objective: This study aims to investigate a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump system with vertical U-bend heat exchanger which can provide the energy needed from the depths of earth. Exergy of the system was analyzed and the performance efficiency and coefficient were obtained. Method:In Larijan village, due to hot springs in the area, exergy analyses of two Ground-Coupled Heat Pump systems with vertical U-bend and open loop heat exchangers were compared. Energy, exergy, entropy and enthalpy equations of both Ground-Coupled Heat Pump systems were applied and results were presented based on geographic and climatic conditions of Larijan region. Results:Moreover, it was found that the maximum exergy losses in both systems occurres in the fan condenser. Conclusion: The results show that, due to higher temperatures (the temperature of the ground or the hot spring), the performance coefficient and the efficiency of geothermal heat pump system with the open loop heat exchangers are higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - A Framework for Comparing Assessment Criteria of Environmental and Sustainability Rating Systems
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mansoureh Tahbaz AYDA MEHRABANBackground and Objective: Nowadays, enviromental impact of buildings is assessed by several sustainability rating systems. Analyzing relative importance and prioritizing of assessment criteria, as the principal measures for rating systems, indicate the general trend of MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, enviromental impact of buildings is assessed by several sustainability rating systems. Analyzing relative importance and prioritizing of assessment criteria, as the principal measures for rating systems, indicate the general trend of those systems in accordance with three pillars of sustainability, i.e. environment, economics and society. Method: Having gathered data in the form of library-based study, this paper proposes a framework to compare and analyze the criteria of widely-used assessment systems, including BREEAM, LEED, CASBEE, DGNB and HQE. By chossing an analytical-comparative method, assessment criteria for 5 rating systems are explored and classified. In order to acquire the relative importance of each criterion, weigthing coefficients are adopted and the weighted percentages are calculated. Findings: The comparative framework organized by three principles of sustainability, mainly covers 11 categories including Energy, Water, Site, Environmental Loads, Material, Waste, Indoor Environmental Quality, Socio-cultural issues, Economics, Technical and Functional Quality and Sustainable Management. Sub-criteria of each category provide the possibility for evaluating rating systems sufficiency at the micro level. Discussion and Conclusion: Rating systems concepts and trends have a major role in organizing criteria structure. For example, DGNB, which has an assessment structure in compliance with the three principles of sustainable architecture, much of criteria are assigned to economic and social issues, while BREEAM, LEED and HQE, considered as first generation of rating systems, mostly deal with environmental issues. In the holistic systems such as DGNB and CASBE issues such as performance, technical capabilities and building service are generally highlighted, whereas atomistic systems such as BREEAM, LEED and HQE give importance to preservation of resources including energy, water, land, etc. However, in both systems, energy and indoor environment quality are significantly considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigating the Changes inThermal Conditions of Residential Buildings in the Second Half of Ghajarid Era with Reference to Performance Approach
Ehsan Zamani Aryan Amirkhani Hadis Amanolah Baharvandi Mohammad Reza BemanianThis paper investigates the changes in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era. This study specifically aims to address the answers for the following questions: 1) Is there a meaningful difference in the thermal condit MoreThis paper investigates the changes in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era. This study specifically aims to address the answers for the following questions: 1) Is there a meaningful difference in the thermal conditions of residential buildings in the last 80 years of Ghajarid Era? 2) Do the possible changes of thermal conditions depend on the period in which the buildings are constructed? And is there a correlative connection between the above factors? 3) Does the apparent architectural agitation of the second half of Ghajarid Era affect the thermal conditions of residential constructions as well? Method: In order to achieve the answers, thermal conditions of 60 residential buildings, picked equally from the Kashan, Esfehan and Yazd provinces, were examined. Distribution of the buildings in the 3rd and 4th quarters of Ghajarid Era was considered for each province as well. The research method for calculating the thermal conditions of the buildings was the "performance approach". The outputs considering PResults: Results show a meaningful decrease in the amount of the following thermal quantities: (H/A, G, H/H^) in the last 40 years of Ghajarid Era. These results suggest that the thermal condition of residential buildings in the 3rd quarter of Ghajarid Era was worse than the last quarter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The application of Dynamic Time Wrapping Algorithm and correlation coefficients in Time Sires Clustering for Index Tracking
farid tondnevis hasan hakimianIndex tracking -one of the most popular methods of passive portfolio management- tries to construct a portfolio with same return as a financial market index. This research investigates the application of a binary programming model in time series clustering for index tra MoreIndex tracking -one of the most popular methods of passive portfolio management- tries to construct a portfolio with same return as a financial market index. This research investigates the application of a binary programming model in time series clustering for index tracking. Various similarity measurements –Pearson, Kendall, Spearman, Erdem and Dynamic Time Wrapping based distance- have been applied in this research. Out of Sample test on Market Ratio and Tracking error of portfolios based on 50 more active companies index of Tehran Stock Exchange in second, third and fourth season of 1396 and first season of 1397 shows that all portfolios successfully replicate the performance of index and the tracking error of Pearson correlation based portfolio in lower than Others. Paired comparison test on Tracking Error of portfolios shows that tracking Error of Pearson Correlation based portfolio is significantly (99% confidence level) lower than other portfolios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Effect of Dividend Reduction and Corporate Tax Avoidance on Stock price crash risk (Negative skewness approach and low volatility approach)
parviz dindar farkoushy Hossein Panahian Hossein jabbariThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dividend reduction and corporate tax avoidance on the Stock price crash risk. Two measures of negative skewness coefficient and low to high volatility were used to measure the stock price crash risk. In this rega MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dividend reduction and corporate tax avoidance on the Stock price crash risk. Two measures of negative skewness coefficient and low to high volatility were used to measure the stock price crash risk. In this regard, the financial data of 131 companies during the period 2014-2019 have been extracted and analyzed by systematic elimination method as a statistical sample of research. Statistical analysis was performed using Eviews9 software at 95% confidence level and panel data and linear regression model were used to test the hypotheses. F-Limer (Chow) and Hausman statistics were used to determine how the regressions fit. The normality of the error distributions was evaluated by the Jarkue-Bera test, the residual independence was estimated by the Durbin-Watson statistic, and the test of variance by the Bartlett test. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between dividend reduction and the stock price crash risk according to both mentioned criteria in companies. Based on the results of the third hypothesis test (taking into account the first index of stock price risk), the ratio of independent directors intensified the direct relationship between the decrease in dividend yield and the Stock price crash risk. Finally, the level of tax avoidance is directly related to stock price crash risk in companies. This result shows that tax avoidance has led to the accumulation of bad news in the company, which with the disclosure of this news leads to a decrease in stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Investigating the Impact of Stock Market Liquidity on Income Distribution (Selected from Developing and Developing Countries)
zeynab moridi shahram fatahi Kiomars SohailiFair distribution of income is one of the concerns of policymakers in developing and developed countries, and despite the economic growth of world countries and the implementation of various policies to combat it, remains one of the most important goals of economic poli MoreFair distribution of income is one of the concerns of policymakers in developing and developed countries, and despite the economic growth of world countries and the implementation of various policies to combat it, remains one of the most important goals of economic policymakers in the world. One of the important and influential factors in any society for econoears. Capital market liquidity enables long-term investment by raising small and large funds and providing them to business owners, so stock market liquidity can be a good platform for attracting micro and large capital by reducing the risk of liquidity.According to macroeconomic theories, capital accumulation resulting from capital market liquidity is one of the conditions for economic growth, thereby increasing the income of those who are risk averse and more willing to invest in the stock market and those who are risk averse. And it relies solely on wages and salaries from work The results show that liquidity of the stock market as a financial market increases income inequality and in developed countries and decreases income inequality and increases in developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The survey on the Relationship between Investor Characteristics and their Loss Aversion in Tehran Stock Exchange
mohammad hassan ebrahimi sarveolia Mohammad Javad Salimi GHasem Bolo Hamze GouchifardThe survey on the Relationship between Investor Characteristics and their Loss Aversion Coefficient in Tehran Stock ExchangeAbstractThe present study, after calculating the Loss aversion coefficient of active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, investigated the relation MoreThe survey on the Relationship between Investor Characteristics and their Loss Aversion Coefficient in Tehran Stock ExchangeAbstractThe present study, after calculating the Loss aversion coefficient of active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, investigated the relationship between variables of gender, analysis tools, age, marriage, experience and education with Loss Aversion Coefficient by pooling regression method. The sample included 403 investors who responded twice to research questions within 6 months.The results showed that there is a significant relationship between gender, type of analysis and education with investors Loss Aversion Coefficient, these variables are inversely correlated with the Loss Aversion Coefficient in Tehran Stock Exchange, in other words, females are statistically more loss averse than males, also loss aversion decrease with increasing education more over fundamental analysts are more loss averse than technical analysts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Effect of Economic Uncertainty on Earnings Response Coefficient using two-factor Fama-McBeth Model
Babak Salem Dezfouly Allah Karam Salehi Alireza Jorjorzadeh Saeed NasiriThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Economic Uncertainty on Earnings Response Coefficient of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. These Four dimensions of Economic Uncertainty in our tests: GDP growth, Inflation rate, Exchange rate and Interest r MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Economic Uncertainty on Earnings Response Coefficient of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. These Four dimensions of Economic Uncertainty in our tests: GDP growth, Inflation rate, Exchange rate and Interest rate. Using ARCH and GARCH for this purpose one hypothesis developed and data on the 142 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1387 to 1396 were analyzed. The regression model using two-factor Fama and McBeth reviews has been tested.The results showed that the concentration of Economic Uncertainty (GDP growth, inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate) has significant negative impact on Earnings Response Coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Testing the Fractal Market Hypothesis with the Markov Regime Change Model: A Possible Combination and Convergence
Yaghoub Mahmoudi Shadi Shahverdiani Hamid Reza Kordlouei Mahdi MadanchizajThe importance of predicting and knowing the future in order to plan and formulate economic strategies is not hidden from anyone. The accuracy of forecasts is one of the most important factors in choosing the type of forecasting method. The stock price index is one of t MoreThe importance of predicting and knowing the future in order to plan and formulate economic strategies is not hidden from anyone. The accuracy of forecasts is one of the most important factors in choosing the type of forecasting method. The stock price index is one of the effective variables in economic systems that these very complex time series are usually assumed to be random and as a result their changes are assumed to be unpredictable. Such time series variables have the property that the shock to the variable takes a long time to disappear due to the possibility of long-term memory. The aim of the present study was to test the fractal market hypothesis with the Markov regime change model with a possible combination and convergence in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this paper, the amount of long-term memory and stability of financial time series resulting from the total stock market index for the period 1388-1386 were examined. For this purpose, first the existence of long-term memory was examined, then the fractal nature of the market was examined using the Harst view index. The results indicate the existence of long-term memory in this variable. In this case, with one differentiation, it becomes more differentiated, so the stock price index series in Iran has long-term memory and the effects of each shock on this variable due to its long-term memory remain for long periods. It stays. The results also showed that the overall stock market index is fractal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - provide a model to check MANAGERS' OVERCONFIDENCE, RISK PREFERENCE, HERD BEHAVIOR AND NON-EFFICIENT INVESTMENT( approach based on game theory )
Vahideh Asgari Yahya Kamyabi Mehdi Khalil poortoday , herding behavior , which is one of the most important behavioral biases among investors , managers and investors , therefore plays an important role in risk acceptance , stock return and investment portfoliothe purpose of this study is to provide a model for ass Moretoday , herding behavior , which is one of the most important behavioral biases among investors , managers and investors , therefore plays an important role in risk acceptance , stock return and investment portfoliothe purpose of this study is to provide a model for assessment of overconfidence , risk priority , aggregate behavior and inefficient investors based on game theory . to achieve this goal , data were gathered based on statistical data and questionnaire and the number of questionnaires were collected and the hypotheses were analyzed by pls and lingo . the results show that overconfidence , risk priority and aggregate behavior have a significant relationship with inefficient investment . overconfidence affects the relationship between aggregate behavior and inefficient investment . overconfidence affects the relationship between risk priority and inefficient investment . the findings of this research may provide the benefits of all parties competing in economic evaluation of investment alternatives and bring them to balance in the interests that all parties feel satisfied and satisfied . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Influence of Ownership of Investment Company on Financial Reporting Quality: A Test of Efficient Monitoring Hypothesis
Mozhgan Saeedi hashem nikomaram Ahmad YaghoobnezhadIn the economic environment of the country, government-affiliated organizations and companies, acquire the ownership of many joint stock companies in the stock exchange by creating investment companies. The increasing presence of institutional and legal investors in the MoreIn the economic environment of the country, government-affiliated organizations and companies, acquire the ownership of many joint stock companies in the stock exchange by creating investment companies. The increasing presence of institutional and legal investors in the circle of company owners is an effect that the active presence of this group has on the way governance of organizations as well as their performance. The main purpose of this empirical research is to determine the impact of ownership of investment companies on the Financial Reporting Quality with emphasis on Efficient Monitoring theory. To measure the Financial Reporting Quality, the indicators of quality of disclosure, quality of accruals, earnings management of accruals, real earnings management and earnings management of real items have been used. The statistical population of this research is companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data studied in this research include 1250 years-Firm from 2007 to 2018. The research method is correlational and post-event and the method of hypothesis testing is correlation and regression testing. Specific results of testing research hypotheses show that the ownership of investment companies and the concentration of ownership of investment companies have a significant effect on the Financial Reporting Quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The day of the week effect on the stock market return in the stock exchange of Tehran
Farshad Heybati Mahboobeh BehfarThis thesis investigates the day of the week effect in TSE. The day of the week effect is calendar anomaly that has been widely studied and documented in finance literature. This anomaly indicates the repetitive trends or patterns in the time series behavior of stock ma MoreThis thesis investigates the day of the week effect in TSE. The day of the week effect is calendar anomaly that has been widely studied and documented in finance literature. This anomaly indicates the repetitive trends or patterns in the time series behavior of stock market. In this study various indexes of TSE for the period of 1385 - 1388 are examined to specify the probable pattern in trading days of TSE in term of return. Furthermore in this study the daily correlation between main variable of this study are examined. Various descriptive statistics for the sample are calculated and classified in this research and show obvious differences in the days of the week. The results of testing in term of compare the day of the week effect in TSE for return are accepted. This study finds that the highest return is occurred in Wednesday. The implicit results of this research are the negative risk premium for major indexes of TSE. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Fractal Analysis of Tehran Stock Exchange Index With RS Method
Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Parham PedramThis paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is compl MoreThis paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is completely random. We will see that there is a possibility that both are right to a limited extent. But what comes out of these partial truths is quite different from the outcome either group expects. We will use R/S analysis, or rescaled range analysis. R/S analysis can distinguish fractal from other types of time series, revealing the self-similar statistical structure. This structure fits a theory of market structure called the Fractal Market Hypothesis.. This reconciliation ties directly into the concept of local randomness and global determinism. One of the most important area that we focun on is capital market distributions. capital markets are not well described by the normal distribution and random walk theory. Yet, the Efficient Market Hypothesis continues to the dominant paradigm for how the markets work. Standard statistical analysis begins by assuming that the system under study is primarily random; that is, the causal process that created the time series has many component parts, or degrees of freedom, and the interaction of those components is so complex that a deterministic explanation is not possible. Only probabilities can help us understand and take advantage of the process. The underlying philosophy implies that randomness and determinism cannot coexist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The Study of Mean reversion in Tehran Stock Exchange with unit root test
Hossein Karbasi Yazdi Yadollah Noorifard Hassan Chenari BouketFinancial Scientists have always been eager to distinguish between whether the price series could be random walk (unit root) or mean reversion processes. Random walk means that accruing shocks to the stock price have permanent impacts and prices don't revert to their pr MoreFinancial Scientists have always been eager to distinguish between whether the price series could be random walk (unit root) or mean reversion processes. Random walk means that accruing shocks to the stock price have permanent impacts and prices don't revert to their previous trend path. In efficient market, the stock return couldn't be predicted using previous price variation. However, efficient market hypothesis is under question because the researchers have provided evidences that reveal some anomalies in stock markets. Mean reversion stock price is one of these anomalies. The purpose of this research is the study of mean reversion in the period 1380-1389. In line with this research, using unit root test (Dickey Fuller generalized), the phenomenon of mean reversion in the total stock price index, stock price and cash returns index, and the index's top fifty companies were examined. The results of the study indicate that continuous changes in the total stock price index and the index of the top fifty companies follow a random walk process or more words that are not eligible for mean reversion. But the price and cash returns index index the result shows that only 1% error level was confirmed that the mean reversion. Error levels of 5% and 10% of the rest of the process did not follow a random walk and mean reversion confirmed. In general, the performance of the Tehran Stock Exchange Index and fifty top companies indicate But the price and returns index results in poor performance suggests a lack of cash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Speed of Adjustment Scurities Prices, A Method for Evaluating of Investors Overreaction & Underreaction and Financial Markets Efficiently: Approches, Models and Results
Hashem Nikoumaram Ali Saeedi Fereydoun Rahnamay Roodposhti Mahdi Madanchi ZajOverreaction and underreaction phenomena in financial markets reflect it’s inefficiently. Different methods are suggested for evaluation of overreaction and under reaction in researches. One of these methods is measurement of the securities price adjustment speed. MoreOverreaction and underreaction phenomena in financial markets reflect it’s inefficiently. Different methods are suggested for evaluation of overreaction and under reaction in researches. One of these methods is measurement of the securities price adjustment speed. Speed of price adjustment securities is time duration that information absorbed in stock prices and reach stock price to their intrinsic values. At this article, is classified several researches to three approaches and described different models and then presented their results. Also the determinants for delayed Stock price adjustment is described and finally is explored Iran capital market specifications and propose some practical suggestions for increasing the stocks adjustment speed improving capital market efficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Calendar Effects in the Tehran Stock Exchange Approach to Stochastic Dominance Criteria
Ali Shayegan Mehr Sima Shayegan MehrThe aim of this study is to investigate and identify the effects of calendar weekdays and months of the year on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To attain this goal use the Tehran Stock Exchange index daily returns in the period beginning in 1386 until the end of 1392 and we MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate and identify the effects of calendar weekdays and months of the year on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To attain this goal use the Tehran Stock Exchange index daily returns in the period beginning in 1386 until the end of 1392 and we have stochastic dominance criteria for the analysis that due to the non-parametric orientation has certain charm. The results indicated the existence of calendar effects in the Tehran Stock Exchange. On weekdays effects in the Tehran Stock Exchange, in terms of return Saturday dominance on other days and Sunday dominated by other days. The effects of months of the year, in terms of return April dominance on other months and November dominated by other months. Also due to calendar effects identified in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the efficient market hypothesis is rejected in the stock even at low levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Efficient market in gold future market in high and low volatility
Mohamad Esmail Fadaienejad Ali Salehabadi Gholamhosein Asadi Mohamad Taghi Vaziri Hasan taati kashaniOne of the most important topics in financial markets in recent decades is the market efficiency. The efficient market hypothesis states that all available information is fully and immediately reflected in asset prices, therefore it is not possible to achieve systematic MoreOne of the most important topics in financial markets in recent decades is the market efficiency. The efficient market hypothesis states that all available information is fully and immediately reflected in asset prices, therefore it is not possible to achieve systematic profits by price forecasting. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the weak form of efficient market hypothesis for gold coin futures market in two settings of low volatility and high volatility of returns. In order to test the weak form market efficiency in prices of gold coin futures market, Markov-switching GARCH and Markov-switching autoregression methods have been applied to the period from 2008 to 2017. The results of the FIGARCH and FARMA models indicate the fact that the series have long term memories of risk and average returns. The results of the estimation for the Markov-switching GARCH model (MS-E-GARCH) and the Markov-switching autoregression (MS-AR) imply that both risk and average return of gold coin futures market is predictable, and as a result the gold coin futures market does not have the weak form of efficiency in both low and high volatility settings and systematic profits could be achieved in this mark Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Numerical Simulation of 1D Linear Telegraph Equation With Variable Coefficients Using Meshless Local Radial Point Interpolation (MLRPI)
E. Shivanian S. Abbasbandy A. Khodayari -
Open Access Article
132 - یک روش عددی سریع براساس توابع ترکیبی تیلور و بلاک پالس برای حل معادلات دیفراسیل تاخیری
مهدی ابلاغی علیرضا وحیدی اسماعیل بابلیاندر این مقاله، یک روش عددی سریع برای یافتن جواب معادلات دیفرانسیل تأخیری غیر خطی با استفاده از توابع ترکیبی چند جمله های تیلور و بلاک پالس پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا، برخی از ویژگیهای توابع ترکیبی بلاک پالس و چند جمله های تیلور در فاصله (0,1] معرفی می شوند. در این روش طیف Moreدر این مقاله، یک روش عددی سریع برای یافتن جواب معادلات دیفرانسیل تأخیری غیر خطی با استفاده از توابع ترکیبی چند جمله های تیلور و بلاک پالس پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا، برخی از ویژگیهای توابع ترکیبی بلاک پالس و چند جمله های تیلور در فاصله (0,1] معرفی می شوند. در این روش طیفی، ماتریس های عملیاتی مشتق، انتگرال و ضرایب ماتریس محاسبه و استفاده می شوند. بر اساس این توابع قطعه ای ، معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری را به دستگاه معادلات جبری خطی یا غیر خطی تبدیل می کنیم. همچنین، آنالیز و تحلیل خطا برای روش نیز ارائه شده است. در انتها ، مثالهای عددی نشان می دهند روش پیشنهادی جدید در مقایسه با سایر روشهای دیگر از دقت و کارایی بالایی برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Evaluation and ranking of suppliers with fuzzy DEA and PROMETHEE approach
R. Radfar F. Salahi -
Open Access Article
134 - Well-dispersed subsets of non-dominated solutions for MOMILP problem
SH. Razavyan -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigating the effect of agricultural use on nitrate concentration in underground water sources using mathematical modeling based on regression equations (case study: Ray Plain)
Pegah mohammadpour Reza Arjmandi Amirhessam Hassani Jamal GhodusiBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can MoreBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can manage managers in proper management. Help ground water resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in agricultural and chemical area of consumed on the increase in nitrate concentrations in groundwater sources in Ray plain. Research method: In this study, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020 were used to monitor land use changes. After processing the images, the area of agricultural land was calculated. According to the statistics obtained from the amount of chemical fertilizer consumed and the qualitative laboratory results of nitrate concentration changes, the effects of these factors on each other and the mathematical relationships between the variables were tested with the Pearson correlation and linear regression method. Findings: The results show that during the investigated period, agricultural land has increased and barren land has decreased. The consumption of chemical fertilizers has also increased. The level of nitrate concentration of underground water sources shows that during the period under review, the concentration of nitrate in underground water wells has increased. The analysis of the correlation coefficient also showed that at the error level of 1% (99% confidence level) there is a significant relationship between the concentration of nitrates in underground water with the area of agricultural land and the amount of fertilizer used. This means that as the area of agricultural use and the amount of chemical fertilizers increase, the concentration of nitrates in underground water resources also increases. In the presented regression model, the accepted square value (R2) is equal to 0.993 and it indicates a relatively strong relationship between the dependent variable (water nitrate concentration in underground water sources) and the independent variables (agricultural area and the amount of chemical fertilizer used). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that with the increase in the area of agricultural land, the consumption of chemical fertilizers has increased in the research area, and due to the nitrate leaching process from the soil surface, the nitrate concentration in underground water sources has increased, which is one of the important reasons for the increase in nitrate concentration in the study wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Determine the absorption coefficient of visible light in the southern waters of the Caspian Sea
Jamshid Karimi Masoud Torabi AzadVisible light is a combination of different colors. Absorption and scattering of light in different environments are depending on the type of environment and the wavelength of incident light. The sea water is one of the areas that cause severe attenuation of visib MoreVisible light is a combination of different colors. Absorption and scattering of light in different environments are depending on the type of environment and the wavelength of incident light. The sea water is one of the areas that cause severe attenuation of visible light. In this study, a method for calculating the absorption of visible light in the southern waters of the Caspian Sea in Chalus and Kapurchal station is provided. A water sample from a depth of half a meter from each station sampled laboratory irradiated laser beams with different wavelengths and the light attenuation coefficient obtained by using the relevant tables, the light absorption coefficient is calculated in study stations. The two stations due to the low salinity of sea water is less dispersion. An also, because the surface layer of water sampling is done, the influence of visible light at different wavelengths is almost identical. Shorter wavelengths are more scattered and longer wavelengths are more absorbed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Study of the Diffusion Coefficient of Meso-Scale Eddies in the Persian Gulf
Amin Raeisi Hesameddin Mehrfar AbbasAli AliAkbariBidokhtiBackground and objectives: Meso-scale eddies are not only dynamically important, but also climatologically, environmentally, as well as in terms of air-sea interaction are of special importance. Due to the existence of oil and gas fields, the Persian Gulf is exposed to MoreBackground and objectives: Meso-scale eddies are not only dynamically important, but also climatologically, environmentally, as well as in terms of air-sea interaction are of special importance. Due to the existence of oil and gas fields, the Persian Gulf is exposed to oil pollution, analyzing the role of factors such as meso-scale eddies in the spread of pollution in the Persian Gulf is very important.Methods: In this study, sea level data related to the analyzed Aviso reference data series (2010-2014) were used and meso-scale eddies were identified and tracked using a method based on sea level, and the relevant maps were drawn. This method is more effective than other common methods of tracking eddies.Findings: By studying the location of formation of eddies, eddy distribution coefficient was also calculated and the results indicated that eddies created in spring have a larger scale and higher speed, while eddies created in winter have a smaller scale and lower speed.Discussion and Conclusion: The eddies located in the north and south of the Persian Gulf have moved to the west and east of the Persian Gulf, respectively, which is consistent with the results of other studies. The range of the most eddy activity in the entrance parts of the Persian Gulf is from the Strait of Hormuz and inclined to the coast of Iran as well as northwest of the Persian Gulf. The maximum number of eddies is observed in summer and winter and the least number of eddies is observed in spring and autumn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Simulation of the Spatial Pattern of Land Use Change in the City of Gachsaran Using Cellular Automata Model
Mohsen Derakhsh Soheil Sobhan ArdakaniBackground and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellu MoreBackground and Objective: Simulation of land-use change is very useful for governmental plans and policies. A number of models including system models, Markov chains, the CLUES-S and the SLEUTH have been developed for the simulation of land-use change. Among them, cellular automata (CA) modeling is widely applied to simulate complicated dynamic systems. In this regard, information on land use and also land cover and possibilities for their optimal use is essential for the selection, planning and implementation of land use schemes to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare.Therefore, this study was conducted to forecasting and modeling of urban development of city of Gachsaran using a CA Model for 2044. Method: In this descriptive study, the land use mapping, a predominantly cloud-free image of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS, 1972), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM, 1986), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+, 1999), and Operational Land Imager (OLI, 2015) were used to the modeling of land-use changes of the study area between the periods 1972 to 2015, and also to the simulation of land-use changes of city of Gachsaran in 2044. Findings: Based on the results obtained, the increasing growth of urban use over time, particularly in the northern part of the city, and the decline in natural and ecological land use, especially agricultural land were observed. Also, the results clearly suggest that the development process of the city of Gachsaran during the recent years did not follow a proper pattern and, especially the unbalanced growth could be observed in the western part of the city. On the other hand, according to the forecasting of model output, in 2044 about 70% of the extent of the study area, will be dedicated to urban use. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be admitted that the CA model has a high ability in simulating the urban development process and can effectively be used to study the urban dynamic, especially in rapidly growing cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Determination of appropriate method for estimating of MTBE absorption coefficient by the soil of Tehran oil refinery (Ray city)
Mohammad Nickhah Monfared mohammad reza SabourMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is one of the gas additives that can be more effective in increasing the octan rating of fuel. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has labeled MTBE in carcinogen compounds.This compound can leak into the soil from  MoreMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is one of the gas additives that can be more effective in increasing the octan rating of fuel. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has labeled MTBE in carcinogen compounds.This compound can leak into the soil from underground fuel tanks and its chemical and physical properties affords rapid influence.Sorption ability of soil, is so effective in influence of MTBE into the soil and “distribution Coefficient (Kd)” can show this ability. Kd is one of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics and its range is so wide in as much as it can be “0” or “1000” and more; This wide range is important in using numerical models for underground water and contaminant trasformation modeling.In this study, the real value of sorption has been determined by several sorption tests on MTBE and the soil of Ray city and according this value, various isotherm models were studied to find the most accurate model for MTBE and this soil.In this study, all of the tests have done according to ASTM standards. Finally, it’s concluded that all of studied models are appropriate for calculating Kd but in similar cases, we can offer foloing models sequently: Dubinin-Radushkevich Model; Langmuir Model; Freundlich Model; Linear Model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Determination of MODFLOW model sensitivity toward distribution coefficient (Kd)
Mohammad Nickhah Monfared Mohammad Reza SabourOne of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for undergr MoreOne of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for underground water andcontaminant transformation modeling. MODFLOW is one of the appropriate models in undergroundwater and contaminant transformation modeling.It is very important to understand the sensitivity of this model towards Kd and the effects ofselected method in modeling given the necessity of this model to distribution Coefficient and itsability about calculation of Kd in 3 methods.This research has been performed for the soil of Rey zone with MTBE and all of the tests have beenperformed according to ASTM standards.Finally it is concluded that the sensitivity of MODFLOW toward value of Kd and itscalculation method is inconsiderable and the model is most appropriate when Kd is not known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Using Fuzzy classification technique to produce land use map (The sub watershed of Hablehrood)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanLand use, has been considered for mapping and resource management for a long time. Remote sensingtechniques are useful to produce land use map. In this study, Fuzzy technique; a remote sensingclassification method, was applied to produce land use map. The study area was MoreLand use, has been considered for mapping and resource management for a long time. Remote sensingtechniques are useful to produce land use map. In this study, Fuzzy technique; a remote sensingclassification method, was applied to produce land use map. The study area was the sub watershed ofHablehrood watershed. In this investigation, ETM+ images acquired in 2002 were applied. The resultsshowed that dry farmlands and range lands with good and moderate condition, were separated by highaccuracy. The highest error of Fuzzy method is the determination of the boundaries between irrigatedfarmlands and poor range lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Investigation of Soliton phenomena for laser transfer in optical fibers and its application in tissue treatment
zahra mahmoodzadeh zarandi parviz zobdehAbstract:Human skin has three-layer non-homogeneous tissue. The thermal and physical properties of each layer including Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are different from each other. In treatment procedures, laser source intensity is adjusted based on thermal amount w MoreAbstract:Human skin has three-layer non-homogeneous tissue. The thermal and physical properties of each layer including Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are different from each other. In treatment procedures, laser source intensity is adjusted based on thermal amount which produced in each skin layer; furthermore, intensity control, optimization, and prediction of pulse shape before the interaction with tissue, is very important. Since, during the Laser-tissue irradiation, tissue temperature increases, and so uncontrollable temperature enhancement causes thermal harm on tissue.In this research, the Solitons general equation was considered. In order to having a predefined Gaussian shape of output laser pulse at the end of the transfer medium (optical fiber), numerical calculation was used. Solitons coefficients equation, include the dispersive coefficient, propagation constant, and coefficient of normalized loss has been obtained. The results could be used in determination of laser transfer medium structure, such as kind of material, coefficient of refractive, diameter and longitude length and etc. Recognition of fiber medium helps designers to provide a medium in order to establish Soliton, which input pulses are gained as output at the end of the fiber without any changes in shape. Access to different internal human organs could be possible by flexibility of optical fibers, as an important advantage. It seems, optimum parts determination of transfer medium may provide new horizon in controlled laser therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - An Alternative Method for Synthesis of Thermally Stable Aromatic Polyesters Containing Schiff Base Unites
Hossein Mighani Ehsan Fathollahi Mousa Ghaemy -
Open Access Article
144 - Studies on the Microstructure Modification and Tribological Characteristics of Cast Al-Si Eutectic Alloys
V Abouei Mehrizi O Bayati -
Open Access Article
145 - Computational Evaluation of the Impact of Friction Coefficient on Self-Expanding Stent and Peripheral Artery During Contact
F. Nematzadeh -
Open Access Article
146 - The Role of Neighborhood Development Institution in Realizing Sustainable Urban Regeneration Goals with Integrated Approach Case Study: (Rey Gateway Neighborhood in Qom)
Fahimeh Fattahizadeh Saeed Yazdani Alireza Shaykh al-Islami Giti Etemad -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluation of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources on Relative Abundance, Density and Biomass of Weeds in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Roya Saeeidi Bahareh Parsa Motlagh Azam Seyedi , Hossein Shekofteh Maryam AhmadzadehIn order to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer on the relative frequency, density and biomass of safflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications located in the research farm of MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer on the relative frequency, density and biomass of safflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications located in the research farm of faculty of agriculture university of Jiroft in 2018-2019 year. The first factor at two levels included the use of manure and non-use of manure, the second factor included different nitrogen fertilizer sources at five levels of control, urea fertilizer, urea fertilizer with sulfur coating, ammonium nitrate, nitroxin and nano nitrogen. The results showed that in all three stages of sampling weeds, Clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Umbrella sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) weeds had the highest and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Sorrel (Rumex crispus L.) had the lowest relative abundance. Different sources of fertilizer had a significant effect on biomass weeds of clover, umbrella sedge, common mallow and other weeds during three sampling stages. Based on the results of mean comparison, the highest biomass was obtained of clover weed in the first stage in the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers urea (17.04 g). The lowest biomass was obtained in no manure in control (6.47 g) and nano nitrogen fertilizer (4.63 g). Shannon and Margalef indices in the first stage of sampling 0.96 and 0.94, the second stage of sampling 0.79 and 1.06 and the third stage of sampling 0.63 and 1.11 respectively in the treatment of manure was more than to non-use manure. Sources of urea and urea fertilizers with sulfur coating had higher weed diversity index than other treatments. According to the results of this study, it is suggested to use biological sources of nitrogen in order to prevent weed infestation and competition with the target plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Improvement of SNDR using Optimization of Feedback Path Coefficients for Second Order CRFB Modulators in Sigma-Delta Analog to Digital Converters
Maryam Shahriary Abdolrasool Ghasemi najmeh cheraghi shiraziAnalog to digital converters are divided into two categories, Nyquist rate converter and oversampling converter, in terms of sampling frequency. At oversampling converter, input signal are sampled at several times the Nyquist rate. Increasing the over sampling rate lead MoreAnalog to digital converters are divided into two categories, Nyquist rate converter and oversampling converter, in terms of sampling frequency. At oversampling converter, input signal are sampled at several times the Nyquist rate. Increasing the over sampling rate leads to an increase in effective resolution, but although the use of high sampling rate for wide band signals is impractical due to the need for high sampling frequency and power consumption. Increasing the number of bits also increases the dynamic range as opposed to the multi-bit DAC required in the linear feedback path. In this paper, we designed sigma delta structure with 12 bit resolution, 1-v power supply for low power applications. on the other hand, increasing levels of quantization(number of bits) causes the reduction in-band noise power of the system, as well as the modulator stability improves without need increasing oversampling ratio. The maximum value of a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR) will be achieved by means of choosing appropriate feedback coefficients. Simulation results of a 12-bit,2.4-MS/s , and 1-v proposed structure in a 0.18-µm CMOS technology show a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 71.3 dB, a power consumption of 451µW, and figure of merit 3.76(pJ/Conver.step.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Brain image segmentation (MR) using fuzzy classification algorithm Along with the Silhouette method
Alireza Malahzadeh Amin Javadinasab Amin AliabadiImage segmentation is an essential step in image analysis. This article deals with the segmentation of brain images based on the intensity of brain magnetism. Each medical image of a human contains distinct areas. These areas can be represented by the wavelet coefficien MoreImage segmentation is an essential step in image analysis. This article deals with the segmentation of brain images based on the intensity of brain magnetism. Each medical image of a human contains distinct areas. These areas can be represented by the wavelet coefficient. Classification of these properties can be performed using the fuzzy classification method. Edge recognition techniques have been used to identify the edge in the input image. The Silhouette method has been used to determine the power of the categories. Eventually, the different areas of the image become color-coded and encoded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - use Pearson’s Linear Correlation and the combination of Data Mining Algorithms simultaneously to improve prognosis of a kind of tumor in cancer patients
mohsen gholami Seyed Javad MirabediniNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress MoreNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress, the way for developing of a system with the capability of prevention, prognosis and cure by using the new technologies is paved. Medical data mining tries to design a model and find relationships among risky factors to predict the condition of future patients with the aid of current data. We try to compare different data mining algorithms and combination of these algorithms to develop a new, efficient method with high accuracy and capability to perform on local data. Finally, proposed method which improves efficiency of Naive Bayes with Adaboost algorithm can predict the kind of benign or malign tumor with the 96/67% accuracies. Required data for this procedure is extracted from UCI site to diagnose the kind of tumor with 569 records and 32 variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The effect of job complexity, auditor's job rating and acceptance of inefficient behavior on audit judgment: the moderating role of independence
shahrzad aghamohamadi arezoo aghaei chadeganiThe main purpose of the current research is the impact of work complexity, auditor's job rating and acceptance of inefficient behavior on audit judgment: the moderating role of independence. The statistical population of this research includes all auditors working in au MoreThe main purpose of the current research is the impact of work complexity, auditor's job rating and acceptance of inefficient behavior on audit judgment: the moderating role of independence. The statistical population of this research includes all auditors working in audit institutions and audit organizations in Iran. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 192 people was considered. The data needed to examine and analyze the research hypotheses were collected through a standard questionnaire, and path analysis regression with SmartPLS software was used to examine the relationships between variables.The results of the research showed that the interactive variable of independence* work complexity which has a significance level of 0.036 and less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the independence variable can moderate the relationship between work complexity and audit judgment and work complexity It has a positive and significant effect on audit judgment. Therefore, hypothesis H1 is accepted in this study. The interactive variable of independence* the auditor's job rating, which has a significance level of 0.042 and less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the independence variable can adjust the auditor's job rating with audit judgment, therefore, hypothesis H2 in this research accepted. The interactive variable of independence* acceptance of inefficient behavior which has a significance level of 0.020 and less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that independence can moderate the relationship between acceptance of inefficient behavior and audit judgment, therefore, hypothesis H3 in this The research has been accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Determination of Local Constitutive Properties of Aluminum using Digital Image Correlation: A Comparative Study Between Uniform Stress and Virtual Fields
Ali Shahmirzaloo Mohammadreza Farahani -
Open Access Article
153 - Experimental study of the characteristics of the wake and drag coefficient changes of a car model in unsteady flow
V. Barzanooni A.B. Khoshnevis -
Open Access Article
154 - Experimental Investigation of the Flow Control of Wake Cylinder by a Plate with Different Geometrical Ends
A.B. Khoshnevis AmirReza Mamouri AmirReza Mamouri V. Barzenoni -
Open Access Article
155 - The Impact of Die Corner Radius and Friction Coefficient on Bulge Forming of T-Shaped Copper Tubes using Finite-Element Method and Experimental Analysis
M. Ahmadpour Omid Ghahraei -
Open Access Article
156 - Experimental Investigation of Pool Boiling of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Different Grooved Surfaces
Amir Vasei Moghadam Hamid Reza Goshayeshi -
Open Access Article
157 - Numerical Simulation of Hot Forging Process of KIA Car Brake’s Output Shaft
saeid Hashemian Peyman Mashhadi Keshtiban Abuzar Es'haghi Oskui -
Open Access Article
158 - Dimensional and Geometrical Tolerance Analysis of Two Flexible Curved Sheet Metal Parts Assembly
Parisa Omidvar Maryam Saryazdi -
Open Access Article
159 - Genetic variability of agronomic traits and biodiversity in the genus Ocimum
Rajendra P. Patel Rakshapal Singh Raj Kishori Lal Pankhuri Gupta Anju Kesarwani Nitu Goyal -
Open Access Article
160 - Genetic variability and character association among morpho-metric traits and essential oil constituents in eight half-sib seed progenies of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
Priyanka Prasad Ram Kishor Akancha Gupta Vidhi Saxena Sameen Zaidi Himanshu Kushwaha Vagmi Singh Ram Swaroop Verma B. Kumar -
Open Access Article
161 - Inheritance pattern and association study of agronomical traits in 47 elite accessions/genotypes of Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.)
Rashmi Lahiri - Jyotshana A.K. Verma Karuna Shanker Raj Kishori Lal -
Open Access Article
162 - Revised EECBSR for Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing in WBAN
Aarti Sangwan Partha Bhattacharya -
Open Access Article
163 - Optical Kerr Nonlinear Performance of Metal-Cap Wedged-Shape Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide
Hossein Rahimi Mahmoud Nikoufard Mojtaba Dehghani Firouzabadi -
Open Access Article
164 - Evaluation of different satellite image enhancement techniques in separating of geological units
Vadieh Barzegari dehaj Mohammad Zare Mohammad hossein Mokhtari Mohammad Reza EkhtesasiLithological studies and geological units' mapping are generally applicable to the many fields of natural resources management. Satellite remote sensing images have been widely used for separating of geological units which can generate accurate results, as well as time MoreLithological studies and geological units' mapping are generally applicable to the many fields of natural resources management. Satellite remote sensing images have been widely used for separating of geological units which can generate accurate results, as well as time and cost saving. This research aims at comparing the performance of different enhancement techniques in order to separate four geological units in the study area of Taft watershed, Yazd. In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images (OLI sensor) were used, analyzed and classified. Geological maps were also up to dated using google earth images. A comparison of the results of the satellites classified images and base geological maps, indicates the Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of the classified supervised maps of the ration of b7/b5 have the highest values of 0.78 and 86.7%, respectively. To verify the accuracy of the comparison results, QQ plots were used to compare the percentage of areas. Comparing the percentage of areas, the oblique angle of the b7/b5 bands ratio was lower (i.e. better) than the other different ratio combinations. Finally, the values of accuracy assessment for the reflection of lithological units in the observation and estimation range of supervised classification map of the ratio bands of the b7/b5 in the geological units Ks, gd, Kt-1, and Qal were 0.993, 0.980, 0.948, and 0.985, respectively, indicates that the b7/b5 band ratio separate four different geological units of the study area more precisely, and easily than the other classification methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Evaluation of supervised classification capability of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A Satellite images in determining type and area of Pistachio Cultivars
Hadi Zare khormizi Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Morad MortazRemote sensing technique is one of the most effective tools for monitoring, studying and determining the cultivation area of agricultural and horticultural crops, especially on a large scale. Planners, managers, and farmers, with knowledge of the type and extent of crop MoreRemote sensing technique is one of the most effective tools for monitoring, studying and determining the cultivation area of agricultural and horticultural crops, especially on a large scale. Planners, managers, and farmers, with knowledge of the type and extent of crop cultivation, can adopt appropriate management and enforcement policies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the supervised classification ability to classify Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A multi-band satellite imagery in determining the cultivated area and type of four varieties of Pistachio namely such as; Akbari, Kalle Ghuchi, Ahmad Aghaei and Fandooki in an orchard in the Yazd province. In the present study, the accuracy of four classification algorithms, namely: Parallelepiped classification, Minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance and Maximum likelihood, as well as the optimum time in the separation of pistachio cultivars, were investigated. According to the classification results of a Landsat-8 image, on June 12, 2018, the Maximum likelihood algorithm with a final accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 76.8% and 0.67% and Parallelepiped classification algorithm with the final and Kappa coefficients of 64.7 and 0.47, were of highest and lowest accuracy among others, respectively. Also, according to the results, the best time for the separation of Pistachio cultivars was in late June. The Kappa coefficient of maximum likelihood classification algorithm on June 22, July 23, August 24 and September 25 of 2018 were 0.67, 0.64, 0.63 and 0.63, respectively. The final accuracy and Kappa coefficient of maximum likelihood classification algorithm on the Sentinel-2A Satellite images on 12 June 2018, were 80% and 0.71, respectively. By applying the median filter with a 3×3 dimensional kernel window size on the classified image, the final accuracy and Kappa coefficient was increased to 82.6% and 0.75, respectively. The final accuracy and Kappa coefficient of classification and separation of Pistachio cultivars in Sentinel-2A images were higher than in Landsat-8 images. Overall, based on our results, the remote sensing classification techniques, as well as multi-spectral satellite imagery, are suitable for agricultural and horticultural mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in satellite imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Noor city)
Saleh Yousefi Mehdi Tazeh Somayeh Mirzaee Hamid Reza Moradi Shahla TavangarLand use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective MoreLand use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of land use maps have been produced using this data. There is the different method to classify the images. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this research is to determine the best images nine supervised classification methods to extract land use map of the Noor city by ETM+ sensor. The results showed that the SVM classification by 0.9503 factor kappa coefficient and 90.94% overall accuracy is better than other methods. The accuracy of the order of priority 9 that is, SVM, Neural network, Mahalanobis distance, Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance from the mean, Spectral angle mapper, Spectral information divergence, parallel piped and binary code. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Comparison of three common methods in supervised classification of satellite data for vegetation studies
Amir Ahmadpour Karim Solaimani Maryam Shokri Jamshid GhorbaniUsage of modern technologies such as GIS and RS in plant ecosystems studies and especially land cover mapping is needed to recognition of these instruments efficiency and also identification of the best methods for applying them. This study aimed to compare the efficien MoreUsage of modern technologies such as GIS and RS in plant ecosystems studies and especially land cover mapping is needed to recognition of these instruments efficiency and also identification of the best methods for applying them. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three common supervised classification methods of satellite data (Minimum to Distance, Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood) to identification of plant groups in Goloul-via-Sarani protected area, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran. In order to this, 143 training samples (>30m2) were collected from areas that shown a homogenous plant species composition. These data recorded by GPS device and so transported to a GIS database. Satellite data included Landsat ETM+, and IRS-P6 LISS III that were prepared and analyzed by ENVI 4.2 software. Amount of efficiency for each method was evaluated by measurement of overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient (KC) criteria. Results showed that ML method makes the highest accuracy for two data series (OA=90.35, 82.19 and KC=0.878, 0.772 for Landsat and IRS data respectively). In the face, PP method showed the worst results (OA=67.09, 58.76 and KC=0.593, 0.478). These results suggested that collection of sufficient training samples from natural classes and surveying probability of image pixel's dependency on these classes can be useful for classification of plant groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Impact of Initial Stress on Reflection and Transmission of SV-Wave between Two Orthotropic Thermoelastic Half-Spaces
B Prasad S Kundu P Chandra Pal -
Open Access Article
169 - A Modified Model to Determine Heat Generation in the Friction Stir Welding Process
A Ghiasvand S Hasanifard M Zehsaz -
Open Access Article
170 - Effect of Rotation and Stiffness on Surface Wave Propagation in a Elastic Layer Lying Over a Generalized Thermodiffusive Elastic Half-Space with Imperfect Boundary
R Kumar V Chawla -
Open Access Article
171 - Reflection From Free Surface of a Rotating Generalized Thermo-Piezoelectric Solid Half Space
Baljeet Singh B Singh -
Open Access Article
172 - Two New Non-AFR Criteria for Depicting Strength Differential Effect (SDE) in Anisotropic Sheet Metals
F Moayyedian M Kadkhodayan -
Open Access Article
173 - Analysis of Plane Waves in Anisotropic Magneto-Piezothermoelastic Diffusive Body with Fractional Order Derivative
R Kumar P Sharma -
Open Access Article
174 - Wave Propagation in a Layer of Binary Mixture of Elastic Solids
R Kumar M Panchal -
Open Access Article
175 - Propagation of Waves at an Interface of Heat Conducting Elastic Solid and Micropolar Fluid Media
R Kumar M Kaur S.C Rajvanshi -
Open Access Article
176 - Crack Tip Constraint for Anisotropic Sheet Metal Plate Subjected to Mode-I Fracture
R Kacker S.S Bhadauria -
Open Access Article
177 - Reflection of Plane Wave at Traction-Free Surface of a Pre-Stressed Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Material (FGPM) Half-Space
P.K Saroj S.A Sahu -
Open Access Article
178 - Response of GN Type II and Type III Theories on Reflection and Transmission Coefficients at the Boundary Surface of Micropolar Thermoelastic Media with Two Temperatures
R Kumar M Kaur S.C Rajvanshi -
Open Access Article
179 - Response of Two Temperatures on Wave Propagation in Micropolar Thermoelastic Materials with One Relaxation Time Bordered with Layers or Half Spaces of Inviscid Liquid
R Kumar M Kaur S.C Rajvanshi -
Open Access Article
180 - Problem of Rayleigh Wave Propagation in Thermoelastic Diffusion
R Kumar V Gupta -
Open Access Article
181 - The Most Efficient Unit in Data Envelopment Analysis Using Genetic Algorithm
M. Matin Nejati Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh R. Kargar R. Mehrjoo -
Open Access Article
182 - Study on Weed Status in Mashhad Khorshid Park
Omid Torabinia Mohammad Bazoobandi Seyed Hossein Torabi Mohammad Hasan HadizadehTo beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which MoreTo beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which belonged to Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families, respectively. Sixteen of which (53%) were annuals, 37% were perennials and 10% were biennials. the richness of the plain weed community with 26 species was more than hillsides with 20 species. Weed community in hillside weed was highly uniform while uniformity of weed community in plains was less than hillsides showing signs of dominance at the beginning of the season. The Logarithmic distribution model of species showed the habitats are not relatively demolished, The similarity between weed communities of plains and hillsides was less than the similarity between seasonal weed communities of each habitat indicating more adaption of weeds to habitat conditions. The less similarity was obtained between spring weeds of both habitats while the most similarity was observed between summer weed communities. This survey proved that plains are threatened by noxious weed species such as Acroptilon repens L., Cynodon dactylon L., Hordeum murinum L., Bromus tectorum L. and Setaria viridis L. while hillsides menaced by Acroptilon repens L., Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Cirsium arvense and Xanthium strumarium L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Chaotic Test and Non-Linearity of Abnormal Stock Returns: Selecting an Optimal Chaos Model in Explaining Abnormal Stock Returns around the Release Date of Annual Financial Statements
Reyhaneh Enayayi Taebi Alireza Mehrazeen Mehdi Jabbari Nooqabi -
Open Access Article
184 - Stock Price Drift from the Content of Projected Earnings Information Resulting from Quarterly Operations: Evidence of the Contradiction Between Timeliness and Profitability
Saeed Safari Bideskan Alireza Mehrazeen Abolghasem Masih AbadiFinancial statements should have general objectives rather than specific group interests. The possibility of forecasting earnings based on seasonal performance instead of the previous year's earnings and in terms of the contradiction between timeliness and the ability t MoreFinancial statements should have general objectives rather than specific group interests. The possibility of forecasting earnings based on seasonal performance instead of the previous year's earnings and in terms of the contradiction between timeliness and the ability to verify earnings can be a new and thought-provoking issue. The present study examines stock price drift from the content of projected earnings forecast for quarterly operations. The research hypotheses were tested through univariate regression, multivariate regression and correlation coefficient tests using Eviews software. Findings of this study indicate that 1- Profit forecast based on quarterly performance has more verifiability than the previous year (profit stability). 2- The Verifiability of the year profit is more than the profit forecast based on the 9-month performance. 3- Stock price drift is expected on the day after the announcement of earnings and there are changes in earnings compared to the forecast of the previous season. 4- No relationship was observed between the volumes of shares traded the next day and the announcement of the forecasted profit and the changes in the profit compared to the forecast of the previous season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The Tail Mean-Variance Model and Extended Efficient Frontier
Esmat Jamshidi Eini Hamid Khaloozadeh -
Open Access Article
186 - A new two-phase approach to the portfolio optimization problem based on the prediction of stock price trends
Hamid Reza Yousefzade Amin Karrabi Aghileh Heydari -
Open Access Article
187 - Investigating the effect of risk on the return of the insurance industry in the Iranian economy using generalized conditional autoregression models, ARIMA-GARCH / TARCH and beta coefficient
Abedin Saeidikia Dariush Hassanvand Reza Maaboudi Farhad Tarahomi -
Open Access Article
188 - Prediction of toxicity and octanol–water partition coefficient of Carbamate Derivativesas Insecticides Using Genetic Algorithm-Multiple Linear Regressions Method
Atefehsadat Navabi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Majid Ramazani Mohammad AlimoradiA Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study based on Genetic Algorithm Multiple Linear Regressions (GA-MLR) were carried out for the prediction of the toxicity (logIC50) and the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (logPow) of som MoreA Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study based on Genetic Algorithm Multiple Linear Regressions (GA-MLR) were carried out for the prediction of the toxicity (logIC50) and the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (logPow) of some carbamate derivatives as insecticides. The optimized conformation of compounds were obtained at HF/6-31G* level with Gaussian 98 software. Dragon software is used to calculate molecular descriptors. A data set of these compounds was randomly divided into 2 groups: training and test sets. The QSAR models were optimized using multiple linear regressions (MLR).The most relevant molecular descriptors were collected by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and backward regression. The best GA-MLR models are obtained using statistical parameters, such as squared correlation coefficient (R2), adjusted squared correlation coefficient (R2adj), root mean square error (RMSE) values for training and test sets. The best QSAR models are obtained based on the statistical parameters Leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, external test set, external validation parameters (Q2F1, Q2F2, Q2F3) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to quantify the predictive ability of GA-MLR models. The results showed that GA-MLR models could be used to predict the activities of carbamate derivatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Prediction of toxicity and octanol – water partition coefficient of organochlorine pesticides using Molecular Descriptors and GA-MLR Method
F. Shafiei Z. ZamaniIn this research, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been used to predict activities of organochlorine pesticides. Firstly, the chemical structure of molecules was drawn with the Gauss view 05 program and optimized at Hartree–Fo MoreIn this research, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been used to predict activities of organochlorine pesticides. Firstly, the chemical structure of molecules was drawn with the Gauss view 05 program and optimized at Hartree–Fock level of theory and 6-31G* basis sets using Gaussian 09 software. The physiochemical properties namely octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) and toxicity (log LD50) are taken from the scientific web book. The dragon software has been used for the calculation of molecular descriptors. The suitable descriptors were selected with the aid of the genetic algorithm (GA) and backward techniques. At the next step, the relationship between molecular descriptors and the activities was investigated by multiple linear regression (MLR) method. In order to build and test QSAR models, a data set of organochlorine pesticides was randomly separated into 2 groups: training (80%) and test (20%) sets. The models were evaluated with regression parameters: correlation coefficient (R), squared regression coefficient (R2), adjusted correlation coefficient (R2 adj) and root mean squared error (RMSE). For the predictive ability and verification of the models are discussed by using Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross-validation and external test set. The external prediction accuracy of the obtained models was examined using the above regression parameters. Results of validations and high statistical quality of models indicate that generated GA-MLR models are reasonable QSAR models. These models help to delineate the important descriptors responsible for predicting their activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Prediction of octanol – water partition coefficient of quinoline alkaloid insecticides using Molecular Descriptors and MLR Method
F. shafie Shahaboddin Mohebbi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghQuinoline alkaloids and their derivatives have wide medical and agricultural applications. In this research, a quantitative structure- property relationship (QSPR) has been employed to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of 76 quinoline alkaloid campt MoreQuinoline alkaloids and their derivatives have wide medical and agricultural applications. In this research, a quantitative structure- property relationship (QSPR) has been employed to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of 76 quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) derivatives as antitumor potencies using GA-MLR method and molecular descriptors. The Gauss View 05 software was used for drawing chemical structure of the studied compounds. The geometry optimizations of the studied compounds were done by the Gaussian 09W software at B3YLP density functional theory (DFT) with 6-311G (d,p) basis set. Molecular descriptors for each of optimized structures were calculated by Dragon software in different category. In order to reduce and select the best descriptors, the Genetic Algorithm technique and stepwise multiple linear regression method was used. The pearson coefficient correlation (PCC) and the variance inflation factor (VIF) statistics were used to test the multicollinearity of descriptors in the best model. The different types of internal and external validations were used to evaluate predictive model performance. The best QSPR model is obtained with R2 value of 0.901, Q2LOO =0.919, and RMSE=0.706. The results of statistical parameters and validations of the GA-MLR model generated were found to be satisfactory. The model revealed that octanol-water partition coefficient of CPT derivatives is influence by ATS8e (2D-autocorrelation) descriptor. This information could be used to design novel quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) derivatives as insecticide agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - A Social Resilience Framework for Sustainable Regeneration in Inefficient Urban Neighborhoods: A Case Study of Noghan Neighborhood of Mashhad
mojdeh bastani Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
192 - The Role of Interactive Learning in Promoting the Social Prestige of the Inhabitants of Inefficient Urban Areas: A Case study of Abkouh Region of Mashhad
neda nasseri Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
193 - Effective conversation after revolution about the formation of collective housing in Tehran
Nahid Poursaeidi Mahani Vahid Ghobadian Reza Afhami -
Open Access Article
194 - Evaluating effective strategies on the efficiency of worn-out urban fabric with an urban Resilience Approach (case study: Sisabad neighborhood of Mashhad)
sanaz saeidi mofrad Mohammadreza Mohammadi vosough Zahra Pourkarimi -
Open Access Article
195 - Affection the thought and conversance at performance-oriented architecture design process
seyyed hosein ashrafi mehrdad javidinejad said Tizghalam Zonouzi -
Open Access Article
196 - Investigation Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., var. Kimia) Affected Zeolite Consumption under Water Deficit Situation
Mohammad Nasri Mansoreh Khalatbari -
Open Access Article
197 - Facile and efficient synthesis methods for one pot synthesis of new polycarbonyl compounds
Mitra Saremi -
Open Access Article
198 - Solvent Free Synthesis of tetra alkyl- phenyl-1H-pyrimido [4, 5-e][1,3,4]Thiadiazine-3,7-diamines
mohammad kazem mohammadi -
Open Access Article
199 - توسعه همزمان مدل عددی و هوش مصنوعی جهت شبیهسازی جریان بر روی سرریزهای جانبی
عباس پارسائی امیر حمزه حقی آبی شادی نجفیانمدلسازی عددی پدیده های هیدرولیکی از مهمترین بخشهای علم مهندسی هیدرولیک است. مدل سازی عددی معمولاً شامل حل معادلات دیفرانسیل حاکم بر جریان و همچنین تخمین ضرایب موجود در این معادلات می باشد. در مدل سازی عددی هیدرولیک جریان عبوری از بعضی از سازه های مورد استفاده در Moreمدلسازی عددی پدیده های هیدرولیکی از مهمترین بخشهای علم مهندسی هیدرولیک است. مدل سازی عددی معمولاً شامل حل معادلات دیفرانسیل حاکم بر جریان و همچنین تخمین ضرایب موجود در این معادلات می باشد. در مدل سازی عددی هیدرولیک جریان عبوری از بعضی از سازه های مورد استفاده در مهندسی آب، مانند سرریزهای جانبی نیاز به حل همزمان معادلات دیفرانسیل و تخمین ضریب شدت جریان می باشد. سرریزهای جانبی یکی از انواع سرریزهایی است که به طور وسیعی در انواع پروژه های مهندسی آب مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. معادله حاکم بر هیدرولیک سرریزهای جانبی معادله متغیر مکانی می باشد که یک معادله دیفرانسیل معمولی است که ضریب شدت جریان نیز در آن حضور دارد. مطالعه بر روی مشخصات هیدرولیکی این نوع سازه به دو قسمت برآورد پروفیل سطح آب و تخمین ضریب دبی تقسیم می شود. حل معادله دیفرانسیل هیدرولیک سرریز جانبی منجر به برآورد پروفیل سطح آب عبوری از روی این سازه می شود. برای مدل سازی ضریب شدت جریان نیز نیاز است که از روش های پرقدرتی مانند انواع مدل های هوش مصنوعی استفاده شود. در این تحقیق با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، برای مدل سازی عددی هیدرولیک سرریز جانبی معادله جریان متغیر مکانی با استفاده از روش رانج کوتای مرتبه چهار حل گردیده و برای تخمین ضریب شدت جریان به توسعه مدل هوش مصنوعی شبکه عصبی تطبیقی (ANFIS) پرداخته شده است. خروجی مدل عصبی تطبیقی به عنوان یکی از ورودی های مدل عددی بشمار میرود. نتایج کلی نشان می دهد که مدل نهایی که از ترکیب دو مدل هوش مصنوعی و مدل عددی تشکیل شده است از توانایی بسیار مناسبی جهت شبیه سازی هیدرولیک این سازه برخوردار می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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200 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی اثر آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب مقاومت جریان
سمیرا سلمان زاده منوچهر فتحی مقدم جواد احدیان سید محسن ساجدیاین مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلاب­دشت رودخانه انجام شده ­است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطاف­پذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازه&sh Moreاین مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلاب­دشت رودخانه انجام شده ­است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطاف­پذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازه­گیری شد. براین اساس تمامی آزمایش­ها در فلومی تحت عنوان " فلوم لبه چاقویی" با طول 3/8 متر، عرض 8/0 متر و ارتفاع 55/0 متر انجام شد. نمونه پوشش گیاهی انعطاف­پذیر به صورت غیرمستغرق با 3 تراکم 30، 50 و 100 درصد با آرایش زیگزاگی در سه عمق نسبی آب 6/0، 8/0 و 1 مورد آزمون واقع شد. در این مطالعه تراکم پوشش گیاهی با افزایش فاصله و سطح برگ گیاهان تغییر کرد. نتایج نشان داد نیروی درگ به میزان قابل توجهی به آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی به عنوان یکی از ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی قابل اندازه­گیری گیاه بستگی دارد. نتایج مربوطه می­تواند به عنوان معیار مفید در تخمین مقاومت ناشی از وجود زبری­های گیاهی در رودخانه باشد. Manuscript profile -
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201 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی ضریب دبی در سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه با ایجاد کنگرههای مثلثی شکل در بال سرریز
امیر رضا بهره بر حسین آذر پیوند رسول فرهادیترکیب سرریز با دریچه باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ضریب­دبی می‎گردد. سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه به دو منظور اندازهگیری دبی جریان و جلوگیری از انباشته شدن رسوبات در زمستان که آب گل‎آلود می­باشد، در پشت سرریز بکار می‎رود. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت چهار مدل Moreترکیب سرریز با دریچه باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ضریب­دبی می‎گردد. سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه به دو منظور اندازهگیری دبی جریان و جلوگیری از انباشته شدن رسوبات در زمستان که آب گل‎آلود می­باشد، در پشت سرریز بکار می‎رود. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت چهار مدل ترکیبی سرریزهای کنگره­ای مربعی همراه با دریچه، تاثیر پارامترهای هیدرولیکی از جمله فشار آب روی سرریز (h) و پارامترهای هندسی از جمله ارتفاع روزنه (a) عرض دریچه (b) و فاصله بین بالای روزنه تا راس مثلث (y)، بر ضریب­دبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد که ضریب­دبی با افزایش نسبت‎های h/y،h/b و h/aبی­بعد کاهش می­یابد و مدل ترکیبی بیشتر عملکردی شبیه به دریچه دارد. همچنین رابطه­ای جهت تخمین ضریب­دبی جریان با ضریب همبستگی 98/0 ارائه شد. تحلیل حساسیت رابطه نشان داد که نسبت بی‎بعد h/y دارای بیشترین حساسیت و تاثیر را دارا می­باشد و در نهایت اینکه در جاهایی که محدودیت عرض سرریز وجود دارد با اجرای این نوع سرریزها و از همه مهم‎تر با ایجاد دریچه در بدنه سرریز یعنی به حالت ترکیبی میزان دبی عبوری افزایش خواهد یافت که بسیار حائز اهمیت می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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202 - تحلیل تغییرات هیدرولیک جریان تحت تاثیر سن لوله
وحید یزدانی سپیده یکه باش مازیار بهرامیافزایش روز افزون جمعیت شهرها و پیشرفت صنایع در همه کشورها برای آبرسانی شهرها مسئله­ی بسیار مهم و پیچیده­ای به وجود آورده که حل آن تنها با کمک متخصصان و تکنسین­های کارآزموده امکان­پذیر می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر بر روی چندین خط انتقال که شامل: لوله­های Moreافزایش روز افزون جمعیت شهرها و پیشرفت صنایع در همه کشورها برای آبرسانی شهرها مسئله­ی بسیار مهم و پیچیده­ای به وجود آورده که حل آن تنها با کمک متخصصان و تکنسین­های کارآزموده امکان­پذیر می­باشد. مطالعه حاضر بر روی چندین خط انتقال که شامل: لوله­های فایبرگلاس و لوله­های پلی­اتیلن با اقطار 110 الی 400 میلی‎متر بود، صورت گرفت. براساس تحلیل­های هیدرولیک مشخص گردید که در خط انتقال لوله فایبرگلاس با تغییر ضریب C از 140 به 135 و از 135 به 130 میزان افزایش افت برابر 2/3 و 5/3 درصد می­باشد. ایجاد تغییرات 5/3 و 1/7 درصد در مقادیر ضریب زبری میزان افت هیدرولیکی به ترتیب به میزان 2/3 و 7/6 درصد افزایش یافته است. در خطوط لوله که سرعت جریان آب نزدیک به 5/1 متر بر ثانیه می­باشد، حساسیت این عدم قطعیت افزایش می­یابد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده مقدار افزایش افت با تغییر ضریب C از 135 به 130 و از 130 به 125 به طور متوسط در تمام مسیر­های مورد بررسی، حدود 6 درصد می­باشد. با گذشت زمان و کهنه‎شدن لوله­ها، فشارهای طراحی شده در گره­های برداشت تامین نخواهد شد که برای این امر باید از ایستگاه‎های پمپاژ استفاده نمود که هزینه­های بهره­برداری را افزایش می­دهد. نتایج مربوط به لوله­های فایبرگلاس و پلی­اتیلن نشان داد که تاثیر ضریب زبری بر تغییرات افت در لوله­های فایبر گلاس، کمتر از پلی­اتیلن است. نتایج مشخص نمود که سرعت جریان عامل تاثیر­گذار بر تغییرات افت ناشی از تغییر ضریب هیزن ویلیامز می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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203 - پیش بینی تأثیر پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب زبری هیدرولیکی کرانه و بستر رودخانه خشک شیراز
محمدرضا نیک منشمدیریت منابع آب و خاک در رودخانهها، بدلیل ارتباط مستقیم با سیستمهای مختلف همچون زمین ، جامعه و مردم از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی در رودخانهها، همواره به عنوان یکی از روشهای مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک مد نظر بوده، اما اینگونه طرحها، ع Moreمدیریت منابع آب و خاک در رودخانهها، بدلیل ارتباط مستقیم با سیستمهای مختلف همچون زمین ، جامعه و مردم از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی در رودخانهها، همواره به عنوان یکی از روشهای مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک مد نظر بوده، اما اینگونه طرحها، علیرغم مزایای فراوانی که دارد، در صورت طراحی و روشهای اجرایی نامناسب، می تواند مشخصات هیدرولیکی رودخانه را تغییر دهد. استفاده از پوشش گیاهی، کاهش میانگین سرعت جریان، کاهش عرض رودخانه، افزایش رسوب گذاری در بستر رودخانه و در نتیجه کاهش دبی جریان عبوری رودخانه را به همراه دارد و در مواردی ممکن است، باعث بالا آمدن سطح آب و افزایش عمق جریان گردد. در این مقاله ضمن معرفی جنبههای مختلف مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک در رودخانهها و به طور خاص، رودخانه خشک، به عنوان یک عنصر تأثیرگذار مهم در شهر شیراز، طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی اجرا شده در این رودخانه و تأثیرات آنها بر هیدرولیک رودخانه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. همچنین فواید این طرحها، در بازههایی از رودخانه خشک که با روشهای مناسب اجرا شده و باعث حفظ منابع آب و خاک گردیده اند و همچنین مضرات آنها، در بازههایی که با روشی نامناسب انجام شده و باعث افزایش ضریب زبری و کاهش دبی جریان عبوری می گردند، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، اگرچه میزان فرسایش کنارههای رودخانه در مقاطع فاقد پوشش گیاهی به مراتب بیشتر از مقاطع دارای پوشش گیاهی، میباشد، اما به دلیل افزایش ضریب زبری و کاهش سطح مقطع، ناشی از وجود پوشش گیاهی، در برخی مقاطع، دبی عبوری به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش می یابد. مقاطعی نظیر بالادست و پائین دست پل بلوار چمران، بالادست پل غدیر و پائین دست پل فضیلت، نمونههایی از این مقاطع می باشند که نتایج آنالیز انجام شده با نرم افزار HEC-RAS در این مقاطع، برای دبی عبوری 100 تا 250 مترمکعب بر ثانیه، کاهش دبی عبوری به مقدار 10 تا 5/28 درصد را نتیجه می دهد. Manuscript profile -
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204 - ارزیابی فنی کاربرد سیستم زهکشی زیرزمینی با پوشش مصنوعی pp450 در مقایسه با پوشش شن و ماسه (مطالعه موردی کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی)
پرنیان مجیدی چهارمحالی عبد علی ناصری عبدالرحیم هوشمند منا گلابیاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی عملکرد سیستم زهکشی زیرزمینی کم عمق بر نوسانات سطح ایستابی و بررسی پارامترهای طراحی سیستم زهکش­های زیرزمینی با به کارگیری دو نمونه از پوشش زهکش­های زیرزمینی شامل پوشش شن و ماسه و پوشش مصنوعی انجام شد. دو مزرعه (یکی دارای پوشش معدنی و Moreاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی عملکرد سیستم زهکشی زیرزمینی کم عمق بر نوسانات سطح ایستابی و بررسی پارامترهای طراحی سیستم زهکش­های زیرزمینی با به کارگیری دو نمونه از پوشش زهکش­های زیرزمینی شامل پوشش شن و ماسه و پوشش مصنوعی انجام شد. دو مزرعه (یکی دارای پوشش معدنی و دیگری مصنوعی)که هر کدام دارای 6 لترال بودند؛ انتخاب شدند. چاهک­های مشاهداتی جهت اندازه­گیری هدایت هیدرولیکی، نوسانات سطح ایستابی و به منظور تعیین شاخص­های عملکرد زهکش­های زیرزمینی مطابق استانداردهای موجود، و بر روی لترال وسط، در بین دو خط زهکش در فواصل 25/0، 50/0، 75/0 از طول لترال نصب شدند. با استفاده از پارامتر­های اندازه­گیری شده، عملکرد سیستم زهکشی و پارامترهای طراحی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. پس از انجام آزمایشات، نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای طراحی شده در روش جریان ماندگار برای هر دو مزرعه خوب بوده است. و نتایج حاصل از دو پوشش مشابه هم بوده است اما فقط در روش جریان غیر ماندگار، ضریب آبدهی ویژه به دست آمده از معادله­ها، با هم تفاوت زیادی داشتند. با استفاده از پارامتر­های اندازه گیری شده، پارامترهای طراحی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. و طبق نتایج به دست آمده هر دو پوشش عملکرد مطلوب و مشابه به هم از خود نشان داده­اند. Manuscript profile -
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205 - بررسی عددی جریان در سرریزهای منقاری با پلان مثلثی و منحنی شکل با استفاده از نرمافزار Fluent
سمیه امامی هادی ارونقی جواد پارساسرریزهای منقاری، سرریزهایی می باشند که از یک لبه مستقیم و صاف برخوردار نبوده و در پلان بالا، از حالت خطی شکسته برخوردار می باشند. از مزایای این نوع سرریزها می توان به بالا بودن ظرفیت سرریز، هوادهی آسان جریان و پایین بودن نوسانات سطح آب در آستانه ی عبوری جریان از روی سرر Moreسرریزهای منقاری، سرریزهایی می باشند که از یک لبه مستقیم و صاف برخوردار نبوده و در پلان بالا، از حالت خطی شکسته برخوردار می باشند. از مزایای این نوع سرریزها می توان به بالا بودن ظرفیت سرریز، هوادهی آسان جریان و پایین بودن نوسانات سطح آب در آستانه ی عبوری جریان از روی سرریز اشاره کرد. این تحقیق به بررسی عددی جریان و دبی عبوری جریان بر روی سرریز منقاری با پلان مثلثی با استفاده از نرم افزار فلوئنت و مدل آشفتگی k-ɛ روش RNG پرداخته شد. سطح آزاد جریان نیز با استفاده از روش جزء حجم سیال (VOF) تعیین گردید. نتایج مدل عددی با نتایج حاصل از مطالعه ی کومار و همکاران در سال 2012 که سرریزهای منقاری با پلان منحنی شکل را به صورت آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار داده اند، بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که سرریزهای منقاری با پلان منحنی مطالعه شده توسط کومار و همکاران در مقایسه با پلان مثلثی از ظرفیت دبی عبوری بیش تری نسبت به سرریزهای منقاری با پلان مثلثی برخوردار می باشند و دبی عبوری از روی سرریز های منقاری با پلان منحنی در مقایسه با پلان مثلثی افزایش 25 درصدی داشت. Manuscript profile -
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206 - محاسبه تبخیر- تعرق با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی برای گیاه ذرت در طول فصل رشد
پیام کمالی سید ابراهیم هاشمی گرمدرهتعیین مقدار تبخیر و تعرق (نیاز آبی گیاه) یک مؤلفه مهم در تعیین بیلان آب و بودجه­بندی آبیاری می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ذرت با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و مقایسه آنهاست. منطقه مورد بررسی مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیع Moreتعیین مقدار تبخیر و تعرق (نیاز آبی گیاه) یک مؤلفه مهم در تعیین بیلان آب و بودجه­بندی آبیاری می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ذرت با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و مقایسه آنهاست. منطقه مورد بررسی مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران است. در این مطالعه ضریب گیاهی به صورت یک جزئی و دو جزئی برای گیاه ذرت در طول دوره رشد 100 روزه محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تفاوتی که در ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و در نهایت در تبخیر- تعرق محاسبه شده توسط این دو ضریب برای گیاه ذرت وجود دارد، در مرحله اولیه رشد است. با توجه به اینکه در ضریب گیاهی دو جزئی مقدار تبخیر در مراحل اولیه رشد که سطح خاک لخت است، در نظر گرفته می­شود، مقدار تبخیر-تعرق کل محاسبه شده با ضریب گیاهی دو جزئی (602 میلی­متر) بیشتر از مقدار تبخیر- تعرق کل محاسبه شده با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی (5/557 میلی­متر) است. Manuscript profile -
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207 - تاثیر استغراق خروجی تخلیهکننده تحتانی بر میزان هوادهی بین دو دریچه اضطراری و سرویس در سدهای بلند
مهدی جورابلو مهدی فولادی پناه فاطمه ناصری حامد سرکرده مرتضی ماروسیاستفاده از تونل های تخلیه کننده تحتانی به منظور تخلیه و نیز تنظیم سطح آب مخزن از اهمیت بسیار زیادی در مدیریت عملکرد سد برخوردار هستند. میزان بازشدگی دریچه سرویس و دریچه اضطراری در تونل ها نقش مهمی در تغییرات فشار، سرعت و ضریب آبگذری و در نهایت عملکرد تونل دارند. در این Moreاستفاده از تونل های تخلیه کننده تحتانی به منظور تخلیه و نیز تنظیم سطح آب مخزن از اهمیت بسیار زیادی در مدیریت عملکرد سد برخوردار هستند. میزان بازشدگی دریچه سرویس و دریچه اضطراری در تونل ها نقش مهمی در تغییرات فشار، سرعت و ضریب آبگذری و در نهایت عملکرد تونل دارند. در این تحقیق میزان هوادهی جریان بین دریچه سرویس و اضطراری در دو مدل فیزیکی سد کارون 4 و قیزقلعه سی با شرایط پایاب آزاد و مستغرق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این راستا ضریب هوادهی برای هر مدل به صورت آزمایشگاهی اندازه گیری شد. همچنین به منظور بررسی نوسانات فشار حاصل از جت خروجی از دریچه ها در محل حوضچه آرامش، شبیه سازی عددی به کمک نرم افزار Flow3D انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که استغراق خروجی اثر کاهنده به میزان 50 درصد بر هوادهی جریان دارد. این بدان معنی است که چنانچه تخلیه کننده در خروجی مستغرق باشد، امکان رخداد پدیده کاویتاسیون بیشتر خواهد بود و در نتیجه نیاز به سازه هوارسان با ابعاد بزرگتر می باشد. همچنین مشاهده شد با انجام هوادهی در جت میزان نوسانات در کف حوضچه کاهش پیدا می کند و امکان رخداد کاویتاسیون نیز از بین می رود. Manuscript profile -
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208 - شبیه سازی جریان در آبگیرهای کفی با استفاده از نرم افزار FLOW 3D
امیرعباس کمانبدست بهرنگ فرج پورآبگیرهای کفی از جمله سازههایی هستند که معمولا" در مناطق کوهستانی ساخته میشوند. در بحث آبگیری از رودخانهها،روشهای متعددی وجود دارد که هر یک ویژگیها و محدودیتهای خاص خود را دارند. آبگیری از جریان آب در رودخانهها معمولا به دو روش پمپاژ و ثقلی صورت میگیرد. روش ثقلی Moreآبگیرهای کفی از جمله سازههایی هستند که معمولا" در مناطق کوهستانی ساخته میشوند. در بحث آبگیری از رودخانهها،روشهای متعددی وجود دارد که هر یک ویژگیها و محدودیتهای خاص خود را دارند. آبگیری از جریان آب در رودخانهها معمولا به دو روش پمپاژ و ثقلی صورت میگیرد. روش ثقلی به دلیل پیوسته بودن و عدم نیاز به صرف انرژی بر روش پمپاژ ارجحیت دارد. روشهای مختلفی به طریق ثقلی امکان پذیر میباشد که معمولا به سه دسته آبگیرهای جانبی، جلویی و کفی تقسیم بندی میشوند. با توجه به تجربیات بدست آمده در کشورهای اروپایی برای مناطق کوهستانی و کوهپایه ای با شیب طولی رودخانه بیش از یک درصد در حالی که 75 درصد بار بستر دارای ابعاد بزرگتر از 6 میلی متر باشد، آبگیر کفی توصیه گردیده است. با توجه به اینکه تحلیل هیدرولیکی جریان در آبگیر کفی چندان توسط مدلهای ریاضی مورد بحث قرار نگرفته و از طرفی بررسی و ساخت مدلهای فیزیکی زمان بر و پر هزینه است ، بنابراین در این پژوهش، شبیه سازی هیدرولیک جریان در آبگیر کفی، توسط نرم افزار Flow3Dمورد نظر قرار گرفت.در این پژوهش مشاهده گردید که بهترین شیب شبکه آبگیر، برای آبگیری شیب 20 درجه میباشد. از طرفی هر قدر درصد بازشدگی شبکه آبگیر افزایش یابد، نسبت دبی انحرافی نیز افزایش مییابد. همچنین تغییرات ضریب شدت جریان در حالتهای مختلف نسبت به عدد فرود ، شیب و درصد بازشدگی بررسی شد که با توجه به نمودارهای بدست آمده مشخص شد که افزایش عدد فرود و درصد بازشدگی شبکه آبگیر، باعث کاهش ضریب تخلیه جریان میگردد. Manuscript profile -
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209 - مدلسازی عددی جریان آزاد در سرریزهای کرامپ گابیونی
محمد توکل صدرآبادی منوچر فتحی مقدم رضا محمدپورسرریزهای گابیونی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط زیست و تأثیر مستقیم بر پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه و از طرفی در دسترس بودن و سادگی اجرا و طراحی، طی سال های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. در این تحقیق پارامتر های هیدرولیکی سرریز گابیونی کرامپ با حالت جریان آزاد شامل ضریب دبی، پروفی Moreسرریزهای گابیونی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط زیست و تأثیر مستقیم بر پارامترهای کیفی رودخانه و از طرفی در دسترس بودن و سادگی اجرا و طراحی، طی سال های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. در این تحقیق پارامتر های هیدرولیکی سرریز گابیونی کرامپ با حالت جریان آزاد شامل ضریب دبی، پروفیل سطح آب و حجم دبی درون‎گذر از محیط متخلخل به صورت عددی با استفاده از مدل سه بعدی Flow 3D بررسی شده اند. در این تحقیق در مجموع 18 مدل مختلف شامل 6 هندسه ی مختلف سرریز با سه تخلخل مختلف مصالح (43، 44 و 46 درصد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که افزایش قطر ذرات به افزایش همزمان دبی درون‎گذر، ضریب دبی جریان و در نتیجه افزایش افت منجر می شود. همچنین اینکه افزایش زوایای خارجی بالادست و پایین دست سرریز باعث کاهش ضریب دبی و نیز دبی درون‎گذر خواهد شد. به علاوه اینکه مشخص شد که تاثیر تغییرات شیب پایین دست بر ضریب دبی و شیب بالادست بر دبی درون‎گذر بیشتر است. در انتها با استفاده از رگرسیون غیر خطی چند متغیره روابطی تجربی برای محاسبه ضرایب دبی و دبی درون‎ گذر از این سرریزها ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
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210 - بررسی شیب خط نشت در خاکریز کانالهای آبیاری شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی دشت میاناب با استفاده از مدل SEEP/W
فرخ فلاحت حسین فتحیان بهروز دهانزادهیکی از مشکلات شبکههای آبیاری موجود پدیده نشت و تراوش میباشد. مسئله تراوش آب و کنترل آن در کانالهای آبیاری یکی از مهمترین مسائل در طراحی، ساخت، نگهداری و بهرهبرداری از اینگونه کانالهاست. در این تحقیق، میزان و خط آزاد نشت از کانال آبیاری و زهکشی میاناب واقع در حوضه کارون Moreیکی از مشکلات شبکههای آبیاری موجود پدیده نشت و تراوش میباشد. مسئله تراوش آب و کنترل آن در کانالهای آبیاری یکی از مهمترین مسائل در طراحی، ساخت، نگهداری و بهرهبرداری از اینگونه کانالهاست. در این تحقیق، میزان و خط آزاد نشت از کانال آبیاری و زهکشی میاناب واقع در حوضه کارون با استفاده از مدل ریاضی دو بعدی Seep/w شبیهسازی شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که زمانی که عمق جریان در کانال اصلی برابر و یا بیشتر از 69 / 1 متر باشد، خط آزاد نشت دیواره پائین دست خاکریز را قطع میکند و احتمال ایجاد پدیده Piping وجود دارد. با افزایش عمق جریان آب در کانال اصلی، شیب خط نشت افزایش مییابد. ضریب هدایت هیدرولیکی تاثیری بر خط آزاد نشت ندارد و تنها عاملی که روی خط آزاد نشت تأثیر میگذارد، رقوم سطح جریان آب در کانال اصلی میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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211 - پیشبینی ضریب پخش آلودگی در رودخانه ها با استفاده از مدل ترکیبی شبکه عصبی و الگوریتم ژنتیک
عباس پارسایی امیر حمزه حقی آبی امیر مرادی نژادفرایند پخشیدگی آلودگی در رودخانهها بسیار پیچیده است. مدیریت صحیح کیفیت آب رودخانه نیازمند داشتن اطلاع دقیقی از ضریب پخشیدگی آلودگی است. توسعه مدلهای تجاری جهت شبیه سازی عددی انتقال آلودگی در مجاری روباز مستلزم محاسبه ضریب پخشیدگی میباشد. هرچقدر دقت پیش بینی و محاسبه Moreفرایند پخشیدگی آلودگی در رودخانهها بسیار پیچیده است. مدیریت صحیح کیفیت آب رودخانه نیازمند داشتن اطلاع دقیقی از ضریب پخشیدگی آلودگی است. توسعه مدلهای تجاری جهت شبیه سازی عددی انتقال آلودگی در مجاری روباز مستلزم محاسبه ضریب پخشیدگی میباشد. هرچقدر دقت پیش بینی و محاسبه این پارامتر بیشتر باشد دقت و صحت مدلهای مدل سازی نیز بیشتر میشود و درنهایت برنامه ریزی و تصمیم گیری های مدیریتی متناسب، با دقت و اطمینان بیشتری انجام خواهد شد. روشهای فراوانی برای محاسبه ضریب پخشیدگی وجود دارد ازجمله روشهای تجربی، تحلیلی و ریاضی. روشهای تجربی به علت خطای زیاد، مورد توجه قرار نگرفتهاند. روشهای تحلیلی و ریاضی با منظور کردن فرضیات ساده سازی در مراحل مدل سازی، نیز علی رقم پیچیدگی محاسبات، نتایج قابل قبولی را ارائه نداده اند. بنابراین ارزیابی روابط تجربی به توسعه مدل شبکه عصبی چند لایه پرداخته شده است. معادلات تجربی در بهترین حالت دارای دقتی برابر با ( ) که مربوط به فرمول ارائه شده توسط کاشفی پور و توکلی زاده است. برای تخمین دقیق تر ضریب پخشیدگی مدل شبکه عصبی چند لایه توسعه داده شده است. دقت مدل شبکه عصبی در مراحل آموزش و آزمایش به ترتیب برابر با بوده است. درادامه برای افزایش دقت و کارایی مدل شبکه عصبی، بهینه سازی ضرایب وزنی مورد نیاز شبکه عصبی با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک انجام شده است که عملکرد آن در مراحل آموزش و آزمایش به ترتیب برابر با می باشد. نتیجه نهایی نشان می دهد که می توان دقت مدل شبکه عصبی توسعه داده شده را بدون افزایش تعداد سلول و یا تعداد لایه ها، تا حدود 19 درصد افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
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212 - ارزیابی مدلهای شبکه و الگوریتم حسابداری رطوبت خاک مدل HEC-HMS در شبیهسازی پیوسته نیمه توزیعی بارش- رواناب در حوضه آبریز جراحی
نوید آذرپیشه علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی حسین فتحیانبرآورد صحیح رواناب در بهرهبرداری منابع آب برای بخشهای مختلف کشاورزی، شرب، برقابی و زیست محیطی موثر است. در این مقاله به شبیهسازی پیوسته بارش- رواناب در حوضه جراحی با دو مدل مختلف شامل مدل مفهومی HEC-HMS و مدل بر مبنای پردازش دادهها (شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی) پردا Moreبرآورد صحیح رواناب در بهرهبرداری منابع آب برای بخشهای مختلف کشاورزی، شرب، برقابی و زیست محیطی موثر است. در این مقاله به شبیهسازی پیوسته بارش- رواناب در حوضه جراحی با دو مدل مختلف شامل مدل مفهومی HEC-HMS و مدل بر مبنای پردازش دادهها (شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی) پرداخته میشود تا توانایی و دقت این دو مدل در برآورد رواناب نیز ارزیابی گردد. جهت شبیهسازی پیوسته جریان از مدل تلفات احتسابکننده رطوبت خاک (SMA) در زیرحوضهها استفاده گردید. برای واسنجی مدل از آمار روزانه بارش، دبی جریان و تبخیر از سال 1380 تا 1386 و برای صحتسنجی مدل از سال 1387 تا 1390 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل HEC-HMS به همراه مدل تلفات SMA از قابلیت خوبی در شبیهسازی پیوسته بارش- رواناب در فصول خشک و تر متوالی در حوضه جراحی برخوردار میباشد. برای انتخاب متغیرهای ورودی موثر بر دبی جریان در شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی شامل شبکه پیشخور تعمیمیافته (GFF) و شبکه تابع پایه شعاعی (RBF) از الگوریتم اطلاعات متقابل جزیی (PMI) استفاده شد. نتایج بکارگیری الگوریتم PMI نشان میدهد که متغیر ورودی موثر بر دبی جریان در ایستگاه هیدرومتری گرگر، دبی جریان یک روز قبل در این ایستگاه میباشد. نتایج نشان میدهد که شبکه GFF از راندمان و دقت بیشتری نسبت به مدل مفهومی HEC-HMS و شبکه RBF در شبیهسازی پیوسته بارش- رواناب در حوضه جراحی برخوردار است؛ بطوری که ضریب ناش- ساتکلایف برای مدل HEC-HMS و شبکه GFF و RBF به ترتیب 6/0 ، 677/0 و676/0 است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Using Lucas Experimental Method to Investigate the Relationship between Exchange Rate Overshooting and Business Cycles in Iran
Farzad Moayeri Mohsen Zayandeh Rood Seed Abdolmajid Jalaei Esfandabadi Hossien Mehrabi BasharabadiExchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Excha MoreExchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Exchange rate overshooting. This article attempts to answer this question that the exchange rate overshooting plays a key role as a leading variable in business cycles in Iran economy. In this regard, using Hodrick-Prescott filtering method, trends, and exchange rate shocks and economic cycles in 1989 -2013 calculated. Then, four complete cycles of currency (peak-peak) were identified. Next, applying Lucas experimental method, the relationship between Log of GDP shock and the exchange rate cycles was investigated at the time of each four cycles. The results showed that exchange rate shocks played as a leading variable in all periods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Intermediary Role of the Social Problem-Solving Ability in the Relationship Between the “Emotional Family Atmosphere” and “Social Well-Being”; a Variance-based Model
SHIVA AMELIRAD Hamzeh Ahmadian Hasan Gharibi Jalil SahabiIntroduction: Family is the most fundamental institution in the society which plays a basic role in producing healthy individual and consequently healthy society. It goes without saying that a proper and coherent emotional atmosphere in a family leads to the growth and MoreIntroduction: Family is the most fundamental institution in the society which plays a basic role in producing healthy individual and consequently healthy society. It goes without saying that a proper and coherent emotional atmosphere in a family leads to the growth and self-development of individuals and makes them capable to solve problems effectively, thereby creating a coherent society. This study aims to investigate how the Social Problem-solving ability mediates between the Emotional Family Atmosphere and Social Well-being. Method: The Statistical population includes all students in the provincial capitals of the western provinces in Iran. The statistical sample of the study consists of 377 students from 4 cities across the country. The sampling was conducted based on a multi-stage clustered random method. Following questioners were sued to collect the data: The Emotional Family Atmosphere (Hill Bern 1964), the Social Well-Being (Keyes 2004), and the Social Problem-solving Ability (D’Zurilla, et al. 2002). The analysis of the data, based on the formation of the casual model in the Smart PLS 3.2.8 software, shows that the general model of the project matches the collected data. Results: The results of the validity and reliability factors in studying the external model are optimal. In the internal section of the model collinearity criteria, the amounts of t, R2, F2, and Q2 are acceptable. The results of the direct effect of the Emotional Family Atmosphere on the Efficient and Ineffective Problem-solving, the direct effect of the Efficient and the Inefficient Problem-solving on Social Well-being, and also the indirect effect of the Emotional Family Atmosphere on Social Well-being are all meaningful (P≤0/01). Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the effect size and the importance-performance matrix analysis indicate that it is of fundamental importance for psychologists to discourage individuals from applying the “Inefficient Problem-Solving’’ while promoting the ‘’Emotional Family Atmosphere’’ which has a significant role on social well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Presenting the human resources productivity management system model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country
zhara yazdan panah Mohammad Salehi negin jabbary843 / 5,000Translation resultsThis research was conducted with the aim of presenting the human resources productivity management model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country. The current research was carried out with More843 / 5,000Translation resultsThis research was conducted with the aim of presenting the human resources productivity management model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country. The current research was carried out with a practical purpose and a mixed approach with an exploratory design. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured, and the quantitative part was used to collect data from the researcher-made questionnaire of human resources productivity with 4 main components (individual, organizational, economic and cultural factors) and efficient workforce recruitment with 3 main components. (Giving information to employees, delegation of authority and salary system) derived from the interview results were used in the qualitative section. The results showed that among the 57 available indicators, 7 main factors (dimensions) can be identified. The dimension of organizational factors with a factor load of 0.89 has the highest influence coefficient and the dimension of delegation of authority with a factor load of 0.51 has the lowest influence factor in the effective factors in the establishment of the human resources productivity management system to attract efficient staff in the university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Investigating the correlation between the dimensions of the model of alignment of human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in the field of succession management in the National Iranian Oil Company
Fariba Bavandi vahid fallah kiumars khatir pashStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of th MoreStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the model of alignment of human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in the field of succession management in the National Iranian Oil Company. The level of analysis in this study was organizational and the sample members are 120 managers that, knowing the subject matter, also have been appointed to supervisory / managerial positions. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that was extracted based on the standard process and based on a qualitative analysis and then its standardization steps were performed during quantitative research, then, the collected data were analyzed with SMARTPLS software. Findings indicate that the highest correlation coefficient was related to the strategy variables with the interventionist conditions with a correlation coefficient of 0.603, also significant at the level of 0.01., and the lowest correlation coefficient obtained with the main category variable with contextual factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.107, which is not significant at the level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - The effect of volume fraction and size of Al2O3 nanoparticle on heat transfer and flow characteristics in the heat exchanger with louvered strip inserts
Meysam Pouyanian Ashkan GhafouriIn this study, the effect of using louvered strip inserts in heat exchangers on flow and transfer characteristics is numerically investigated. The continuity, momentum, and energy equations have been solved using a finite volume method. The wall of the tube is heated wi MoreIn this study, the effect of using louvered strip inserts in heat exchangers on flow and transfer characteristics is numerically investigated. The continuity, momentum, and energy equations have been solved using a finite volume method. The wall of the tube is heated with a uniform heat flux boundary condition. This paper uses a louvered strip insert arrangement (forward) with a Reynolds number of 10,000. The effects of louvered strip slant angle of and pitch of 50 mm were used for Al2O3 nanoparticles with different volume fractions in the range of 1% to 4% and different nanoparticle diameters in the range of 20 nm to 50 nm, mixed in a base fluid (water) is used. The comparison of numerical analysis results with existing equations has shown a good convergence. The numerical results reveal that the Nusselt number has increased with decreasing the nanoparticle diameter. The results indicate a slight change in the skin friction coefficient when nanoparticle diameters of Al2O3 nanofluid are varied. The Nusselt number increases with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction of Al2O3 /water nanofluid, while it is found that pure water has the lowest Nusselt number value. Also, the nanofluid has reduced the wall's temperature more than the base fluids (water), which indicates the advantage of using nanofluids in improving the system's thermal performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Investigation of the Effect of Graphene-Silica Nanoparticles on Rheological and Thermo-physical Properties of Water-based Drilling Fluid
Mohammad Gholamhosein zadeh Ashkan GhafouriDrilling mud is one of the most important and basic requirements for drilling oil and gas wells. Optimization of drilling fluid properties leads to reduce drilling time and costs. Water-based drilling mud is one type of drilling fluid that is mainly used in drilling wel MoreDrilling mud is one of the most important and basic requirements for drilling oil and gas wells. Optimization of drilling fluid properties leads to reduce drilling time and costs. Water-based drilling mud is one type of drilling fluid that is mainly used in drilling wells due to its environmental compatibility. In this research, in order to increase the efficiency of this type of drilling fluid, graphene and silicon oxide nanoparticles in equal weight ratio in water-based drilling mud have been used. This study investigates the effect of different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% volume fraction) of these nanoparticles on different properties of drilling fluid such as plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength of 10 minutes and 10 seconds, circulation loss of the samples and the coefficient of thermal conductivity are discussed. All rheological properties tests are performed according to the standard (API RP 13B). The transient hot wire method has been used to determine the thermal conductivity of the fluid. The results show that the increase of nanoparticles has a significant effect on the rheological and thermo-physical properties of water-based drilling mud and reduces plastic viscosity (15%), decreases circulation loss of the samples (25%) and gel strength and also increases the thermal conductivity by 16% in the volume fraction of 1%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Performance prediction of a steam single-effect absorption chiller by the artificial neural network
Farshad Panahizadeh Mahdi Hamzehei Mahmood Farzaneh-GordDepending on the temperature and pressure of the heat source, single-effect absorption chillers are categorized in two types of hot water and steam single-effect chillers. Due to the ability to use the waste steam in oil, gas and petrochemical industries for air conditi MoreDepending on the temperature and pressure of the heat source, single-effect absorption chillers are categorized in two types of hot water and steam single-effect chillers. Due to the ability to use the waste steam in oil, gas and petrochemical industries for air conditioning and process cooling purposes, the steam type chiller is more widely used. In this study, the artificial neural network is exploited in the prediction of the steam single-effect absorption chiller performance since it is faster and has lower computational cost compared to thermodynamic modeling methods. The perceptron multilayer neural network with the error backpropagation algorithm, the hyperbolic tangent excitation function and the Levenberg-Marquardt learning method with 15285 data points and also the mean squared error estimation index are used. Inputs of the artificial neural network are the inlet cooling tower water temperature, inlet chilled water temperature, inlet steam temperature, outlet chilled water temperature and the solution heat exchanger efficiency respectively. Also, outputs of the neural network are the coefficient of performance and thermal energy consumption of the chiller. Results of this study show that the artificial neural network is capable to predict the coefficient of performance and the thermal energy consumed by the single-effect absorption chiller while the values of mean squared error are 3.183×10^(-7) and 7.466×10^(-8) respectively which verify the accuracy of the method proposed here in absorption chiller performance prediction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Theoretical and Numerical Study of ultrasonic guided waves reflection from corrosion defect in the pipe
Pezhman Taghipour BirganiIn this article, reflection coefficient of ultrasonic guided waves from surface of a circumferential corrosion is evaluated to find the relation between this coefficient and the size of defect. In the present work, firstly, by solving the governing equations of the wave MoreIn this article, reflection coefficient of ultrasonic guided waves from surface of a circumferential corrosion is evaluated to find the relation between this coefficient and the size of defect. In the present work, firstly, by solving the governing equations of the wave propagation with general matrix method and according to the boundary conditions in the pipe, dispersion curves of the phase velocity and group velocity were obtained, then simulation of wave propagation was performed using Abaqus finite element software. In this method, a longitudinal L(0,2) mode, which has good frequency characteristics, was used to generate the wave in the pipe. After determining the convergence, the wave propagation was carried out in the pipe with different dimension of defect. It was observed that part of the generated wave after collision to defect was reflected and various modes were generated that the first reflected mode was L(0,2) and the second reflected mode according to the group velocity dispersion curves of different modes was F(1,2). Different reflection coefficients were obtained due to different dimension of defects, and it was observed that with increasing defect depth, the reflection coefficient of the reflected wave also increased. In this article, the effect of circumferential corrosion width on the reflection coefficient of longitudinal wave has been investigated and it has been observed that the reflection coefficient of waves depends only on the depth of the defect and does not change much with the change of circumferential corrosion width. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - A review of experimental studies of heat transfer of nanofluids in laminar, turbulent and pool boiling flows
Navid Bozorgan Nariman BozorganCooling is one of the most important challenges in saving energy and increasing the productivity of many industries. The first serious obstacle in compressing and making heat transfer devices more efficient is the weak properties of heat transfer fluids. The energy effi MoreCooling is one of the most important challenges in saving energy and increasing the productivity of many industries. The first serious obstacle in compressing and making heat transfer devices more efficient is the weak properties of heat transfer fluids. The energy efficiency of heat transfer equipment depends on the heat flux changes created in them. The use of common fluids such as water and ethylene glycol as cooling fluids in the cooling system of various heat transfer devices is not the answer to the removal of very high heat flux (tens of megawatts per square meter). Today, nanofluids are made as new heat transfer fluids by adding nanoparticles to fluids that have low heat transfer and by creating changes in the density, specific heat and viscosity of these fluids in order to increase thermal conductivity and improve heat transfer performance. In this research, the results of laboratory research on heat transfer in nanofluids under laminar, turbulent flows and pool boiling are discussed and investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Creation in time of material world according to Proclus' philosophy
Mazdak RajabiThe issue of cosmos occurrence has always been one of the most essential philosophical topics. This topic was so many important for Proclus as well as the other philosophers. This paper has tried to make clear his special point of view about this topic by analyzing his MoreThe issue of cosmos occurrence has always been one of the most essential philosophical topics. This topic was so many important for Proclus as well as the other philosophers. This paper has tried to make clear his special point of view about this topic by analyzing his fundamental ideas. The most important platonic cosmological concept is The Demieurgous, and this paper has analyzed Proclus' comment of Demieurgous and creation of material world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Evaluation of groundwater quality at Shahid Dam site using hydrogeochemical methods
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Gholam Reza Lashkaripour Nastaran Sadat ‎ Hashemian naser ebadatiThe occurrence of droughts in the past few decades, rising global temperatures, and the exponential growth of population around the world, highlights the need for the quantitative and qualitative study of water resources. On the other hand, the construction of some stru MoreThe occurrence of droughts in the past few decades, rising global temperatures, and the exponential growth of population around the world, highlights the need for the quantitative and qualitative study of water resources. On the other hand, the construction of some structures, such as dams, increases the importance of studying the water quality at the construction site of such structures. In this study, using hydrogeochemical methods, the quality of groundwater in the construction site of Shahid Dam (located in the south of Semirom city) was evaluated. For this purpose, the correlation between the parameters was determined, the groundwater type was investigated using diagrams of Piper, Durov, and Stiff, geochemical ion ratios, ionic processes, and ion exchange reverse. The abundance of the main elements in the groundwater of the region includes TDS> HCo3> Ca> So4> Cl> Mg> Na> K. The chemical parameters of water in all cases in terms of drinking are favorable. The results show that there is a direct relationship with a high correlation (0.97) between EC and TDS, while a weak correlation was observed between other parameters. In general, it can be said that the relationship between HCo3 and EC, TDS, and other parameters has a higher correlation. The predominant type of groundwater in the study area is calcium bicarbonate and most of the samples have freshwater facies. According to the diagram (Na / Cl) vs. (EC), reverse ion exchange occurred in 11 samples, and only one sample had a dual origin of clay sediments and saline water intrusion. Based on the Ca + Mg versus HCo3 + So4 diagram, all samples show normal ion exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical investigation of Dorfak karstic basin,(Guilan province, northeast Rudbar)
Mohammad hossein Ghobadi Maryam Dehban avan stakhri Ali MirarabiKarstic aquifers make the main sources of groundwater in northeastern Rudbar.The present study attempts to investigate the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical features of karst springs in the area and karst development by means of discharge data of Sefidab spring.In th MoreKarstic aquifers make the main sources of groundwater in northeastern Rudbar.The present study attempts to investigate the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical features of karst springs in the area and karst development by means of discharge data of Sefidab spring.In this study, the ability of the PHREEQC and Rock Ware AqQa softwares to calculate the saturation index and drawing water hydrochemical diagrams were used.The paper also investigate the spatial distribution of geochemical parameters of springs, and compare changes of these parameters with the slope in the region. Spatial distribution of geochemical parameters of the water showed that these parameters have significant changes due to the slope of the region.By drawing Piper diagram of the samples of spring water, it was unfolded that water samples are Ca-Hco3 water type and karstic origin of springs were confirmed. Such that saturation index indicates more water samples are under saturated than calcite, dolomite and Co2. By calculating the recession coefficients of Sefidab spring and comparing the values of these coefficients with provided classification by Malı´k and Vojtkova (2012), the development degree of karst was determined 5.5.In the the development degree of karst will exist complex discharge regime, a combination of one sub-regime with turbulent flow and two sub-regimes with laminar groundwater flow. Discharge sub-regime with turbulent flow is of short-term influence in comparison with overall groundwater discharge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Study of dispersion of radioactive elements uranium, thorium and potassium in the region Hashtrood using airborne radiometric data
Ali Nouhi Afshar Zia ZarifiNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet&nbs MoreNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet no. 5464 situated in north Iran expectation areas for uranium, thorium and potassium were recognized. Firstly, statistical parameters were calculated and radiometric elements' histograms of the area were drawn using conventional statistics. Moreover, promising maps were drawn based on the dispersion around the mean. Then, concentration- area full logarithm plots were drawn by using fractal method and digit data collected in the area. Next, plots associated uranium, thorium and potassium anomalous areas were prepared after step separation of different environments (background, threshold, anomaly) had been done based on C-A angular coefficient curve. The correlation coefficients between These elements were determined after some tables of data scattering were drawn. The image Ternary radioelement map color space GRB earns in the region and finally to process the images and extract the most important forms of uranium anomalies identified hot area and the introduction of promising deposits of radioactive minerals indexes were examined for discovery proceedings Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Study of dispersion of radioactive elements uranium, thorium and potassium in the region Hashtrood using airborne radiometric data
Ali Nohi Afshar Zia ZarifiNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet&nbs MoreNowadays geophysical airborne data have high importance for radioactive mineral exploration. In fact these data is major base for radioactive elements exploration. In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Hashtrod 1:100000 sheet no. 5464 situated in north Iran expectation areas for uranium, thorium and potassium were recognized. Firstly, statistical parameters were calculated and radiometric elements' histograms of the area were drawn using conventional statistics. Moreover, promising maps were drawn based on the dispersion around the mean. Then, concentration- area full logarithm plots were drawn by using fractal method and digit data collected in the area. Next, plots associated uranium, thorium and potassium anomalous areas were prepared after step separation of different environments (background, threshold, anomaly) had been done based on C-A angular coefficient curve. The correlation coefficients between These elements were determined after some tables of data scattering were drawn. The image Ternary radioelement map color space GRB earns in the region and finally to process the images and extract the most important forms of uranium anomalies identified hot area and the introduction of promising deposits of radioactive minerals indexes were examined for discovery proceedings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Detecting and Calculating the Soil Moisture Using Microwave Imagery (Case Study: Miyankale, Mazandaran)
Abolfazl Rahimabadi Ali Akbar JamaliAlmost one third of the earth is covered by soil, which has several essential parameters. The soil moisturecontent is one of the essential parameters. The current research calculates the soil moisture content. Thereare known methods to calculate soil moisture; however, MoreAlmost one third of the earth is covered by soil, which has several essential parameters. The soil moisturecontent is one of the essential parameters. The current research calculates the soil moisture content. Thereare known methods to calculate soil moisture; however, a new method has been chosen for this research.Microwave imagery is a novel appropriate way to detect and calculate the amount of moisture in soil. TheSENTINEL-1 with SAR sensor has been a good satellite for research purpose. The microwaves sent bythe satellite to the earth receives the backscatters which has been directly related to the amount ofmoisture. Thus four images were obtained at different time intervals of the year; 21st November 2015, 1stMay 2016, 5th June 2016 and 29th September 2016. The study area of Miyankale is covered by fourimages. Furthermore, to calculate the moisture in Miyankale which was done by another method theresults were finally compared with the percentage measured by satellite imagery. The accuracy of satellitedata is confirmed by measuring the soil moisture by two different methods. The coefficient ofdetermination R2 has been chosen to compare the data and check the microwave imagery. TheR2coefficient is able to compare two independent data. The R2 coefficient is 0.82, 0.82, 0.78 and 0.81 fordifferent time periods. The R2 ranges from 0 to 1, as the R2 values are closer to 1 the moisture obtainedfrom SAR images is confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Discovering and Recovering the Changes in Land Use and Land Cover Using Remote Sensing and GIS (Case Study Heev Village, Alborz Province)
zahra talebi banizi Zahra Naserian Mohammad Mazrae MolaeiDetecting changes is one of the basic needs in the management and evaluation of natural resources. Modeling the process of land cover changes over time using multi- time data in the GIS environment can act as one of the most important factors in managing the mentioned c MoreDetecting changes is one of the basic needs in the management and evaluation of natural resources. Modeling the process of land cover changes over time using multi- time data in the GIS environment can act as one of the most important factors in managing the mentioned changes. In order to modeling the process of land cover changes and to investigating the possibility of predicting it in the future, land change modeling (lcm) has been used. Therefore, the Landsat TM5 analyzer data of Heev village in Alborz province for the years 1985T 2000 and 2011 were analyzed. Next, using the maximum similarity method, land cover maps of each image for the mentioned years, was extracted and categorized into five layers of vegetation, city, asphalt, barren lands (soil) and rocks and cliffs. The extracted accuracy evaluation coefficients (overall accuracy and kappa coefficient) indicate the high accuracy of this classification method. The analysis of the results obtained from the studies conducted on the two periods of 1985-2000 and 2000-2011 shows an increase in urban construction with a decrease in vegetation, and even in some areas, the disappearance of vegetation, while the village is expanding towards the mountainside. Using the combination of Markov model and automatic cell maps land use prediction maps for the next 16 years were obtained, while the kappa coefficient was used to determine the prediction compliance, and comparing them with the actual map Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Evaluation and Comparison of Different Supervised Classification Algorithms in Lands User Map Preparation Using Satellite Images (Case Study: Miandoab City)
Mehdi MohamadpourPreparation of land use maps using traditional methods, in addition to spending a lot of time and money, is mainly about efficiency and it does not have the necessary accuracy. Today, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques have a wide range of applications in a MorePreparation of land use maps using traditional methods, in addition to spending a lot of time and money, is mainly about efficiency and it does not have the necessary accuracy. Today, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques have a wide range of applications in all sectors, including agriculture, natural resources, and land use mapping, due to the provision of timely data and high analysis capabilities, variety of shapes, digitality, and the possibility of processing. Satellite imagery Landsat 8 for August 2020 was used, which after making the necessary corrections in the pre-processing stage, action experimentation or fusion of the desired image using the panchromatic band and spatial resolution of the image was increased from 30 meters to 15 meters. In the next step, four different classification methods, including backup vector machine, maximum probability, Mahalanoob distance, and minimum mean distance were compared. The results showed that the classification method of backup vector machine with average overall coefficients and kappa of 100 and 1, respectively, has higher accuracy than other methods. Priority accuracy of classification methods is in the form of backup vector machine, maximum probability, Mahalanoob distance, and minimum distance from the mean, respectively. Finally, by assessing the accuracy using user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient and error matrix, land use map was prepared in three separate classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Semi-automatic monitoring in monitoring the privacy of electricity transmission and super distribution lines in Yazd province using time series analysis of radar images, a case study of Jumhouri Blvd
Mahdieh RezaeyanToday, the electricity industry is considered one of the most vital industries of a country, and considering that the passage of electricity transmission lines in each region has different effects and radiation depending on its voltage, so in order to preserve human hea MoreToday, the electricity industry is considered one of the most vital industries of a country, and considering that the passage of electricity transmission lines in each region has different effects and radiation depending on its voltage, so in order to preserve human health, plant growth and prevent financial losses, Privacy must be respected. One of the optimal methods in semi-automatic monitoring and monitoring of illegal constructions is the use of remote sensing and the use of radar images. In this research, Sentinel1 radar time series images were used to monitor the security of transmission and super distribution lines, which after applying pre-processing Necessary in SNAP software, In order to extract the zero sigma dispersion coefficient of the images and make them binary, 100 sample points were taken as a statistical population from the Landsat images and the threshold limit of the construction of two images were calculated and the number 0.081003 was obtained as the threshold limit, and then by creating the privacy layer of the transmission network and overlaying it with the fuzzy images, the amount of interference The constructions were determined by the structure of the network privacy and also the illegal constructions were identified during one year with the pixel-based algorithm and at the end drone images were used for validation, the results of this research indicate that most of the illegal constructions can be identified using the method presented It was identified semi-automatically with 85-90% accuracy and increased the speed of identifying illegal constructions in privacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - The effect of modifying saline and sodic soils on their properties
Peyman AziziOne of the problems in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions is the accumulation and presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In order to use and exploit these soils, it is necessary to modify them. In this study, an intermittent washing method w MoreOne of the problems in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions is the accumulation and presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In order to use and exploit these soils, it is necessary to modify them. In this study, an intermittent washing method was used to improve saline and sodium soils, and the water used for washing has an inappropriate quality (class C3-S1). As a result of soil modification and leaching, soil electrical conductivity (ECe) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) significantly and significantly decrease, but the pH shows a slight increase. Also, in this study, the Gapon coefficient was calculated before and after washing, and its value decreased after washing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The Effect of Number of Steps on the Performance of a Cascade Type Solar Still
Nader Rahbar فاطمه علی پناهThe purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calc MoreThe purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the relationship between pressure and velocity. In addition, first order upwind method is applied for separation of displacement and interpolation of pressure. Numerical simulations are performed for Solar Still with four to ten and also with twelve steps. Results of investigations on a Solar Still with different number of steps, in which the height of the steps is constant value of 2 cm, show that increasing the number of steps causes to increase water production up to eight steps. Furthermore, the highest rate of water production was 232 ml/m3hr for solar still with eight steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Numerical Study on the Effect of dimension of Steps on the Performance of a Cascade Solar Still
Nader Rahbar فاطمه علی پناهThe purpose The purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is MoreThe purpose The purpose of this study is to simulate fluid flow in a weir-type cascade solar still, assuming steady-state and air being the ideal gas and incompressible. The commercial software FLUENT is used for numerical simulation of the process. SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the relationship between pressure and velocity. In addition, first order upwind method is applied for separation of displacement and interpolation of pressure. The effective parameters on unit productivity are the distance between glass surface and water, height of solar still, the number of vortexes and convective heat transfer coefficient. Results of investigations on a Solar Still with different height of steps, indicated that the productivity increases with increasing the height of stairs. Although, it should be noted that in each model with specific number of stairs there is an upward-downward trend; in other words, there is an optimum point in each model with specific number of stairs. Also, the still in the specific model of six-stairs with the height of 3.5 cm of stairs had maximum productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - An overview of the functional parameters of thermoelectric cooling
نادر رهبر Saeed KamranifarIn this paper, investigation the parameters that affect the coefficient of performance (COP) and features of thermoelectric cooling devices to help a number of recent research in this field has been provided. Specific aspects included practical considerations on figure MoreIn this paper, investigation the parameters that affect the coefficient of performance (COP) and features of thermoelectric cooling devices to help a number of recent research in this field has been provided. Specific aspects included practical considerations on figure of merit, cooling capacity and coefficient of performance respectively. This paper starts by thematic categories from recent articles, and then describes in detail the parameters of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance. In addition, the cooling capacity for single-stage and multi-stage thermoelectric cooler is mentioned. Concerning the COP, its dedicated expressions are constructed starting from the classical formulation and introducing additional factors or modifications in order to take into account the Thomson effect. Finally, has been investagted the coefficient of performance in different applications of thermoelectric cooling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Entropy generation in a sample gas distribution network using steel and polyethylene pipes
Ali HeydariNatural gas is extracted from wells and after purification, it reaches to consumption stages by transmission and distribution network. Energy losses in this section is vital and must be calculated appropriately. In this study, the network of distribution with low workin MoreNatural gas is extracted from wells and after purification, it reaches to consumption stages by transmission and distribution network. Energy losses in this section is vital and must be calculated appropriately. In this study, the network of distribution with low working pressure is examined. A network sample of natural gas is investigated using analitical solution of a steady flow of natural gas. Flow equations initially provided for a tube considering all parameters. Then, using the existing rules in pipe networks the network sample is analyzed. Effect of tube material as an important factor on network performance are evaluated and analyzed And finally, the rate of entropy generation in steel and polyethylene pipes were compared. The results show that by increasing the diameter or decreasing the gas flow rate, the tube material and friction coefficient is less effective on entropy generation in practice. Furthermore, the gas flow in lower diameters cause more entropy production using steel pipes in compare with polyethylene pipes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - An overview of the parameters affecting the coefficient of performance of thermoelectric cooling
نادر رهبر Saeed KamranifarThermoelectric systems have many advantages, including environmentally friendly, without noise and high reliability. Due to the reduction of fossil fuel resources and emissions resulting them, using of thermoelectric systems both of cooling and generator are increasing. MoreThermoelectric systems have many advantages, including environmentally friendly, without noise and high reliability. Due to the reduction of fossil fuel resources and emissions resulting them, using of thermoelectric systems both of cooling and generator are increasing. But one of the main disadvantages of thermoelectric cooling is low coefficient of performance. Today, researchers have a particular focus on the coefficient of performance and are trying to improve it. To learn more about the coefficient of performance parameters that are discussed in this paper to review. For this purpose, the first effects of electrical contact resistances and thermal resistances are investigated at small thermoelectric modules that by ignoring it will not reach the desired results. Also, by decreasing the electrical contact resistance can increasing the coefficient of performance 50 to 60 percent. Then correlation between the coefficient of performance and thermoelement length, temperature difference and electric current is provided. Finally the multi-stage modules has been discussed as a result of increasing stages, coefficient of performance also increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Experimental analysis of direct evaporative cooling in a rotating cylindrical channel
Ali Heydari وحید صحافیPaying attention to using systems with higher efficiency in buildings is increasingly necessary due to high energy consumption in buildings and lack of energy sources. On the other hand, air conditioning systems and cooling equipment accounted for the largest percentage MorePaying attention to using systems with higher efficiency in buildings is increasingly necessary due to high energy consumption in buildings and lack of energy sources. On the other hand, air conditioning systems and cooling equipment accounted for the largest percentage of building energy consumption. In this study some changes in direct evaporative cooling has been performed to reduce energy and water consumptions. A rotary cylindrical channel is assumed instead of the fixed evaporating chamber. Thus the pump is eliminated and the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced due to rotational water flow. The results are evaluated by changing input parameters such as different input speeds and different rotational speeds. The energy analysis is done and the effects of input parameters are investigated on cooling capacity, dew point effective, coefficient of performance and exergy loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Ballistic Body Using Simulator Software
مقومی مقومی علی کاهید باصریDuring movement in different flying levels, ballistic objects can endure various forces, which depend on the strength of different parts of the intended body at the time of their design and manufacturing. Among the forces resulting from aerodynamic equations, lift and d MoreDuring movement in different flying levels, ballistic objects can endure various forces, which depend on the strength of different parts of the intended body at the time of their design and manufacturing. Among the forces resulting from aerodynamic equations, lift and drag forces could be noted. These two forces depend on characteristics such as the angle of attack. In the present paper, a Shahab-3 ballistic missile (manufactured in Iran) has been evaluated by simulating in the software Najm. This software can be used to analyze the ballistic objects. This work were analyzed in two stages, once with the attack angle of 2 degree and once again with the angle equal to 8 degree. After performing the investigations, it was determined that in the attack angle of 2 degree the forces created in the body of ballistic object do not develop any critical pressure or tension. However, in the attack angle of 8 degree, the lateral pressure starts from the length of 8 m from the object’s tip and it reaches the critical point in the end area, which complies with reality. Moreover, the lift-to-drag coefficient ratio that is considered as a characteristic of aerodynamic analysis is much more suitable for angle of 2 degree. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - A review on thermal conductivity of material in different type
mehrdad mesgarpour Ali Heydari seyfollah saddodinThermal conductivity is one of the most important property of any type of materials. It’s shown that how much thermal energy can be cross inside the body. Solid material have the most rate of thermal conductivity. After solid material, fluid and gases have thermal MoreThermal conductivity is one of the most important property of any type of materials. It’s shown that how much thermal energy can be cross inside the body. Solid material have the most rate of thermal conductivity. After solid material, fluid and gases have thermal conductivity rate. Measuring this property is step 1 to understand where and how material can be use. In this study several ways to measure thermal conductivity is shown. Also for non-solid material like fluid and component material introduce some new experimental test to measure thermal conductivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Experimental studies on the convective heat transfer of MgO–water nanofluid
mohammad ghavidel Seyfolah SaedodinThe present study aimed to investigate the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles in water-based fluid in the exchanger plates have been carried out. Tests on the volume fraction of (0.005, 0.01, 0.015and 0.02) were u MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles in water-based fluid in the exchanger plates have been carried out. Tests on the volume fraction of (0.005, 0.01, 0.015and 0.02) were used in this study have Ast.nanvzrh which has a diameter of 20 nm. Also the results show that with increasing fraction nanofluid volume, heat transfer coefficient and thus increases the heat transfer. Also heat transfer nanofluids% increase in volume fraction of 0.02 to 0.005 respectively 52% and 4.3% is on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Drag reducing of Peogeut 405 using the vortex generator.
Rouhollah Ghodsi Hamidreza Zomorodi Farhad EmamalizadehAbstract The flow separation at the rear of a vehicle generates more pressure drag. A vortex generator can cause delay in developing of separation by chang-ing the distribution of momentum in boundary layer. The comparison be-tween the results of with and without vorte MoreAbstract The flow separation at the rear of a vehicle generates more pressure drag. A vortex generator can cause delay in developing of separation by chang-ing the distribution of momentum in boundary layer. The comparison be-tween the results of with and without vortex generator reveals the effects of vortex generator on drag reduction considerably. In this study, an effi-cient vortex generator is designed for the Peugeot 405 sedan. The numeri-cal simulations are performed using ANSYS FLUENT and also the model and mesh are generated by ICEM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The effect of the thermal conductivity coefficients of building materials according to different sources on the thermal load and carbon dioxide emissions of the building
Syed Esmaeil Sadati Hadi Kargar Sharifabad Nader Rahbar Abdollah Khalesi DoostEnergy saving is one of the challenges of today. In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental impacts of energy consumption and global warming has doubled the importance of this issue. Meanwhile energy consumption in construction sector is so high that savi MoreEnergy saving is one of the challenges of today. In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental impacts of energy consumption and global warming has doubled the importance of this issue. Meanwhile energy consumption in construction sector is so high that saving even as little as possible in this section will have significant effect on efficiency rate of no renewable sources. Accurate measurement of thermal conductivity has an important role in determining the calculations of cooling and heating loads of buildings according to different climates. Considering multiple relevant parameters in energy consumption with no application of simulating tools cannot permit reasonable decisions on designing building parts. In this research, the annual energy consumption of an office building located in the climate of Yazd city has been simulated and compared by Design Builder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Numerical study of the effect of vortex generators arrangement on vehicle aerodynamic characteristics
morteza khayatLand vehicles are among the blunt body objects. When a vehicle moves forward, the movement of air around it produces a pressure gradient that varies along the body. This can lead to separation and appearance of a turbulent wake region in the rear of the vehicle. The pre MoreLand vehicles are among the blunt body objects. When a vehicle moves forward, the movement of air around it produces a pressure gradient that varies along the body. This can lead to separation and appearance of a turbulent wake region in the rear of the vehicle. The present study numerically investigates the aerodynamic effects of vortex generators and their arrangement in different positions of 6 and 15 numbers, each with linear, rectangular and triangular arrangements on the back of a car model. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and turbulent models have been used to analyze the changes in drag and lift coefficients obtained from different arrangements of the vortex generators. The results show that the best case for reducing the drag force is related to 6 numbers of vortex generators with linear and triangular arrangement, which reduces the drag coefficient by 2% compared to the car model without vortex generators. In addition, the best case to improve the downforce; in order to increase the stability of the car, is the arrangement of 15 vortex generators with a rectangular alignment, which reduces the lift coefficient by 23.1% compared to the car model without the vortex generator. Also, with increasing the number of vortex generators from 6 to 15, the drag coefficients generally increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Optimization of Fuller Experimental Formula Regional Coefficients by Linear Programming and Genetic Algorithm in unguaged watersheds with Spatial Data
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Ebrahim karimi sanghchini behroz arasto Ali Asghar HashemiOne of the methods used for calculating flood peak discharge in non-statistical watersheds is experimental methods. One of the empirical methods used in this study is the Fuller method which has advantages over other empirical methods for different flood periods. In thi MoreOne of the methods used for calculating flood peak discharge in non-statistical watersheds is experimental methods. One of the empirical methods used in this study is the Fuller method which has advantages over other empirical methods for different flood periods. In this research, we have compared the linear programming optimization techniques and genetic algorithm in optimizing the fuller experimental formula coefficients in Excel and MATLAB respectively for selected watersheds of the region. For this purpose, the statistics of maximum 24-hour discharge of 9 stations in West Azarbaijan province with a statistical period of 21 years were studied. Comparison of the results showed the superiority of the genetic algorithm method and then linear programming. The results also show that the use of smart search methods improves the performance of conventional methods significantly. For this purpose, the statistics of maximum 24-hour discharge of 9 stations in West Azarbaijan province with a statistical period of 21 years were studied. Comparison of the results showed the superiority of the genetic algorithm method and then linear programming. The results also show that the use of smart search methods improves the performance of conventional methods significantly. For this purpose, the statistics of maximum 24-hour discharge of 9 stations in West Azarbaijan province with a statistical period of 21 years were studied. Comparison of the results showed the superiority of the genetic algorithm method and then linear programming. The results also show that the use of smart search methods improves the performance of conventional methods significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Application of Environmental Change Planning Model - A Contribution in Identifying Advantages Competitive and structural nature of insurance activities in the private insurance company
reza ziyari fatemeh salehiThe insurance industry has a very special place in the economy, and insurance companies are important institutions in the capital market. Insurance activities are considered as one of the important pillars for economic and social development and have a significant impac MoreThe insurance industry has a very special place in the economy, and insurance companies are important institutions in the capital market. Insurance activities are considered as one of the important pillars for economic and social development and have a significant impact on the development of the economic and social relations of the country. In the economy of Iran, the growth of the insurance industry is one of the main concerns of economic policy makers. In the current situation, including useful solutions in this regard, the creation and expansion of insurance activities through increased investment in the production of premiums generated by the relative advantages of the insurance company in different regions. The shift model = share is one of the most important and effective models for regional planning analysis. The present research seeks to address one of the important aspects for the establishment and improvement of the performance of private insurance companies by recognizing the advantages of each of the branches. In this research, the existing data was processed using SPSS software and eventually The spatial coefficient of the field of insurance activities of different branches was calculated and finally the application of the model was tested for identification of competitive and structural advantages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Assessment of the capability of supervised classification algorithms in the preparation of vegetation map Case Study: Abyek, Tehran
ensiyeh mihanparastIn order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In MoreIn order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In other words, the pattern of vegetation distribution is affected by many environmental factors. Today, business awareness and its health play an important role in soil and plant management. Also, the use of vegetation maps is one of the most important pillars in the production of information for regional planning. Therefore, using remote sensing knowledge and careful study of elements, it is possible to identify vegetation and its types and its distribution using satellite images. Therefore, in the present study, two supervised classification algorithms including Maximum likehood and Spactral angel mapper have been used to evaluate the vegetation cover and its distribution for Abyek region. The overall accuracy for the MLC and SAM algorithms is 91.86 and 68.85, respectively, and the MLC and SAM kapa ratios are 0.89 and 0.62, respectively. Therefore, the MLC algorithm was recognized as a more appropriate method for assessing and estimating the vegetation distribution of the Abyek region, and therefore the MLC algorithm has a higher accuracy than the SAM algorithm. It goes without saying that the correlation between vegetation and environmental factors is one of the most important issues affecting the formation of the structure of plant communities and their distribution in each region and study area, and the specific conditions of each region are different. Recognize and manage vegetation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The use of geographic information system and remote sensing in evaluating the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimleh Watershed of Khorramabad City.
Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini SeyedAbdolhossein Arami Ebrahim Yousefi MobarhanEvaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic informatio MoreEvaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic information system, the necessary calculations can be done with more accuracy and speed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed using geographic information system and remote sensing in terms of erosion, sedimentation, and runoff. EPM model was used to predict erosion before and after the implementation of watershed projects. American Soil Conservation Society (SCS) curve number method was used to calculate the runoff before and after implementation of watershed management plans. The CN coefficient was calculated for two applications prepared in 1370 and the current one. The paired t-test was used to investigate the statistical difference between the difference in production runoff and the amount of erosion and sedimentation before and after the implementation of watershed projects. The amount of total annual erosion and sedimentation in current conditions have decreased by an average of 6793 cubic meters and 5712 tons, respectively, compared to before the implementation of watershed protection plans. The amount of difference in the volume of annual runoff between before the implementation of the plans and the current conditions is on average about 15256 cubic meters. The results of the paired t-test showed that the watershed protection measures implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed have been able to create a significant difference in reducing erosion, sedimentation and production runoff, and the general conclusion is that these measures have had a significant positive effect in reducing erosion, sedimentation, and production runoff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Sensitivity analysis of Manning roughness coefficient of rivers in HEC-RAS model to determine flood zones (case study: Ker River- Fars province)
vahid sohrabi Farshid Hashmipour Petkoi Hamid Sheikhpur ShahiIntroduction: Rivers are one of the few natural phenomena that, despite the countless damages they have caused to humans since a long time ago, due to their special impact on human life and the formation of civilizations, humans have always been called to the lands alon MoreIntroduction: Rivers are one of the few natural phenomena that, despite the countless damages they have caused to humans since a long time ago, due to their special impact on human life and the formation of civilizations, humans have always been called to the lands along the river. In Iran, due to its large size, multiple climates, and temporal and spatial density of rains in most watersheds, huge floods have been witnessed in most regions of the country every year, many of which cause a lot of human and financial losses.Methodology: In this research, 10 km long stretches of the Ker River (downstream of the Chamriz Hydrometric Station) were selected, and after preparing the statistics of the maximum instantaneous discharge of the river in two states before and after the construction of the Molla Sadra Dam, the effect of the construction of the dam on the river flow Checked out. Then, taking into account the river discharge per discharge with a return period of 25 years for two situations before and after the construction of the dam, the permanent flow model of the mentioned river was prepared by HEC-RAS software and then compared with each other. In the following, based on discharge with a return period of 25 years after the construction of the dam, the Manning roughness coefficient was changed to 50% of the initial value and the HEC-RAS model was implemented again. The construction of the said dam has caused some parameters such as water level, water flow speed, water flow area, flow rate in the river and also the flood of its plains to decrease.Results: The results of the sensitivity analysis of some parameters in relation to Manning's roughness coefficient showed that with the decrease of Manning's roughness coefficient, some parameters such as water level and flow area also decrease and parameters such as water flow speed, river discharge, river discharge on the right bank and the left increases and vice versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Optimized computational Afin image algorithm using combination of update coefficients and wavelet packet conversion
jhila mohammadiyan Jafae Rasi -
Open Access Article
250 - Optimization of a thermoelectric refrigeration system to enhance cooling capacity
Amin Hadidi -
Open Access Article
251 - The reduction coefficient of PID controller by using PSO algorithm method for Flexible single-arm robot system
Mohammad Mehdi Moradi -
Open Access Article
252 - Integrating the Goler Matrix Method and the List of Indicators to Specify an Efficient Alternative on Elevating the Quality of Ecological Functions of the River Borders (Case Study: Abshooran River in Kermanshah, Iran)
Shima Homaee Esmaeel Salehi -
Open Access Article
253 - Providing a model for training efficient teachers in the style of the Islamic Republic
narges yahyaei Hamid reza Motamed Alireza Ghasemi ZadIn order to benefit from quality education, it is essential to have an effective teacher training model. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for efficient teacher training in the Islamic Republic. The research method is qualitative and data-based (grounded t MoreIn order to benefit from quality education, it is essential to have an effective teacher training model. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for efficient teacher training in the Islamic Republic. The research method is qualitative and data-based (grounded theory). The statistical population of the study was selected from the prominent professors of Farhangian University who were teaching in the academic year 2019-2020. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview and the number of samples in the study was 21 based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The duration of the interview was 30 to 45 minutes. Interview questions were prepared based on upstream documents and then used by Delphi method to be seen and considered by experts and content validity was confirmed with the help of experts. Kappa coefficient (the amount of agreement between the judges) was also used to measure its reliability. Reliability was achieved through reliability, transferability, dependency and reliability. The obtained coefficient was 0.87, which is psychologically acceptable coefficient. Concepts extracted from these interviews include 105 categories, 15 basic categories and three categories (expertise, commitment, transformation) that in three stages of open, central and selective coding in the form of a theoretical model, focusing on the main categories, causal conditions, contextual conditions, The conditions of the interventionist, strategies and consequences are reflected and led to the design of a model for teacher training in the Islamic Republic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Study of kinetic and changes in the diffusion coefficient of the release of doxorubicin-Chrysin drugs coated with magnetic nanoparticles and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol copolymers
Sahar Jahangiri Leila Amirkhani Abolfazl Akbarzadeh Reza HajimohammadiIn recent years, the development of nanoparticles in the field of drug release has received much attention. This research aims to develop new methods for the physical modification of Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles with polymers through physical retention. In this MoreIn recent years, the development of nanoparticles in the field of drug release has received much attention. This research aims to develop new methods for the physical modification of Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles with polymers through physical retention. In this study, after synthesizing the biodegradable polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol magnetic copolymer, the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and Chrysin in these polymers were encapsulated by dual emulsion (w / o / w). The effect of temperature and pH on drug release was investigated. After performing kinetic studies, the diffusion coefficient of drug release was also studied. The drug distribution was considered uniform and the system was assumed to be in Cartesian coordinates. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient of drug release followed Fick's law. At first, due to the high concentration difference of drugs in the early times, the diffusion coefficient was higher, but then with time and with decreasing the concentration difference, the diffusion coefficient decreased and remained constant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Energy-Efficient Cloud Servers: an Overview of Solutions and Architectures
Adnan Nasri -
Open Access Article
256 - RCMS: Requirements Conflict Management and Overlapping Control Strategy in CSOP+RP using Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Soheil Afraz Hassan Rashidi Nasser Mikaeilvand -
Open Access Article
257 - Application of optimization algorithm to nonlinear fractional optimal control problems
Asma Moradikashkooli Hamid Haj Seyyed Javadi Sam Jabbehdari -
Open Access Article
258 - Designing a model for aligning human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in The field of succession management using Multiple Critria Decision Making Model
fariba bavand savadkohi vahid fallah kiumars khatirpashaStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of th MoreStudies show that there is a significant relationship between human resource strategies and the overall strategy of the organization. Also, the degree of coordination between human resource strategies and the organization's strategy affects the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the model of alignment of human resource strategies with the strategy of the organization in the field of succession management in the National Iranian Oil Company. The sample members are 120 managers that, knowing the subject matter, also have been appointed to supervisory / managerial positions. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that was extracted based on the standard process and based on a qualitative analysis and then its standardization steps were performed during quantitative research, then, The collected data were analyzed with SMARTPLS software. Findings indicate that The highest correlation coefficient was related to the strategy variables with the interventionist conditions with a correlation coefficient of 0.603, also significant at the level of 0.01., and The lowest correlation coefficient obtained with the main category variable with contextual factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.107, which is not significant at the level of 0.05 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - On characterizing efficient and properly efficient solutions for multi- objective programming problems in a complex space
Hamiden Abd Elwahed Alhanouf Alburaikan Florentin Smarandache -
Open Access Article
260 - A Heuristic Algorithm for Nonlinear Lexicography Goal Programming with an Efficient Initial Solution
Mahdi Bashiri Amir Hossein Parsa Manesh Hamid Hasanzadeh -
Open Access Article
261 - NEW RCS Frame Connection in Structures
Hasan Aghabarati K. Parhizkar -
Open Access Article
262 - Numerical Investigation of Subgrade Reaction Coefficient in Sand Soils of Bandar Abbas City
Adel Asakereh Masood Mossafa -
Open Access Article
263 - Case study of the statistical distribution of the concretes implemented at Qazvin
Ali Ebrahimi Mahdi Mahdikhani -
Open Access Article
264 - Variations of Phenological and Morphological Traits of Some Promising Durum Wheat Lines (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)
S. Azarmgin H. Kazemi Arbat H. ZeinaliThis study was conducted to evaluate variations of phenological and morphological traits in some promising durum wheat lines. Nineteen lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008. Analysis of variance showed significant diffe MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate variations of phenological and morphological traits in some promising durum wheat lines. Nineteen lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for traits including days to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, number of fertile and unfertile spike per m2, seed yield, 1000 grain weight, harvest index, spike diameter, awn length, flag and penultimate leaf area, number of spikelet per spike and number of seed per spike. Comparison of means showed that the lines number 17 and 11 had highest and lowest seed yield, respectively. The most phenotypic and genotypic variation coefficients belonged to seed yield. Lines based on cluster analysis, were classified into 3 groups. This study showed that 1000 grain weight, number of fertile and unfertile spike per m2, harvest index, awn length and seed yield maybe proper indices to select lines for highest seed yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Grain Yield Stability of Bread Wheat Cultivars under Irrigation in Cold and Temperate Climatic Conditions of Iran
M. Bakhshayeshi Geshlagh, F. Habibi H. Bakhshayeshi M. Shekarchezade M. Moslemi N. Hejrankesh P. Vafadar AfsharIn order to study yield stability of bread wheat cultivars including Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya under irrigation an experiment was conducted in RCBD for three cropping seasons (2007-2010) at six locations. Simple and combined ana MoreIn order to study yield stability of bread wheat cultivars including Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya under irrigation an experiment was conducted in RCBD for three cropping seasons (2007-2010) at six locations. Simple and combined analysis of variances for three years, each location and also combined analysis of variances for 3 years and 6 locations were implemented. Lin and Binns parameter, environmental coefficient of variations and rank method were used for determination of stable cultivars. Results of combined ANOVA (three years x six locations) showed that interaction effect of year x location x genotype was significant. The highest grain yield belonged to the Alvand cultivar with 3.74 tha -1. Results of stability analysis with Lin and Binns method also showed that Zarrin cultivar had the lowest within location variance for grain yield and lowest environmental coefficient of variations was belonged to cultivars Zarrin and Sabalan. The results of rank method showed that cultivars Alvand and Sabalan had the lowest rankingand cultivars Sabalan and Bezostiya had the lowest SDR among the experimental cultivars. It can be concluded that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the highest yield stability and thus it can be recommended for locations in which it was studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Investigating the Effect of Date and Planting Method (Transplanting and Direct-Seeding) on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Shahrokh Pahlavianian Miandoab Mohammad Reza Dadashi Touraj Mir Mahmoudi Asiyeh Shahrooghbi Hossein Adjam NorouziThe effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments we MoreThe effects of transplanting and direct-seeding on agronomic traits and white sugar yield of sugar beet were studied in a split-plot experiment based on randomize complete blocks with three replications two regions of Miandoab and Bokan in 2016. Treatments were three planting date (25 March, 8 and 18 April) and two planting systems (transplanting and direct-seeding .(Planting systems were assigned in the main plot and planting date in the subplots. The difference between direct and transplanting systems in terms of leaf area index, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and molasses sugar percentage were significant at 1% and sugar content and sugar yield at the 5% probability levels. The effect of sowing time on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, white sugar yield and sugar content of molasses were significant at 1%, and sugar content and sugar yield at 5% probability levels. The interaction effect of sowing time and planting system was significant on leaf area index, dry matter yield, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield, white sugar yield at 1% and on sugar content at 5% probability levels. The transplanting system reduced the amount of molasses sugar by 32.41% compared to the direct planting system and the lowest percentages of molasses sugar were attributed to 25th of March planting date. In the present study the highest leaf area index, dry matter yield, and sugar content, sugar extraction coefficient, root yield, and white sugar yield were allocated to the 25th of March planting date and transplanting system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - A model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Green Human Resource Management in Governmental Organizations within a Sustainable Development Approach: A Case Study of Ministry of Energy
Hamid Reza Karimanpour Reza Rasooli Hasan Alvedari Heshmat Khalifeh soltaniThe development of green behaviors means understanding the position of human resources in the field of realization of green organizations and brands. In the meantime, the development of green behaviors requires a context that has always been one of the concerns of manag MoreThe development of green behaviors means understanding the position of human resources in the field of realization of green organizations and brands. In the meantime, the development of green behaviors requires a context that has always been one of the concerns of managers. The main purpose of this study was to design and explain the antecedent model and consequences of green human resource management with a sustainable development approach. The research method of this research has been applied-developmental in terms of purpose and is classified as qualitative research. The statistical population was experts in the field of human resources in the water supply department of the Ministry of Energy. Using a judgmental approach, snowballs as well as theoretical adequacy, 20 experts were recruited to participate in this study. To analyze the data gathered through interviews, the systematic grounded theory approach was imployed. The results showed that in the designed model, the causal conditions were the social responsibility of the companies. Discussing the main phenomenon, green human resource management was identified and regarding the dominant context of green culture, manpower was identified as a category. Moreover, individual characteristics were found to be among the interfering factors. Also, green support and green initiatives have been considered as strategies. Finally, in the outcome section, green efficient performance was identified as a macro category. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Measuring Technological Level and Capability of the Industries in East Azerbaijan and Providing Proper Strategies for Improvement and Promotion of Technology
Yaghoub alavi matin Abbas toloui AshlaghiThe present research aims to assess the level (score and grade) of the components of technology in three industries-i.e., petroleum, manufacturing, and mining – by applying the ESCAP Technology Atlas model. In order to determine and calculate technology contributi MoreThe present research aims to assess the level (score and grade) of the components of technology in three industries-i.e., petroleum, manufacturing, and mining – by applying the ESCAP Technology Atlas model. In order to determine and calculate technology contribution coefficient (TCC) and its power factor (Bi), the researchers have used AHP pairwise comparison method with the components that affect technology. Finally, t-test has been used to determine the significance in the scores obtained from the studied industries, and analysis of variance has been applied to examine the significant difference in the scores observed in the three industries. In the final stage, the proposed model has been compiled and designed in two phases: a) assessing, determining, and calculating the score; b ) presenting strategies to improve the development of technology. To answer the question whether the implementation and application of this model will result in the improvement of technology, the model has been evaluated through the use of simulation method and dynamic systems, and its validity and reliability has been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - East / West Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Zanjan provinces place, relative privileges and characteristics in the country’s national economy
Samad Hekmatifarid Habib Agajani Hosein MirzayeIt is necessary for providing national perspective document for each of the distinctive regions and provinces in the country a clear and precise role be defined and a regional planning be prepared based on that role. This study deals with presenting characteristics and MoreIt is necessary for providing national perspective document for each of the distinctive regions and provinces in the country a clear and precise role be defined and a regional planning be prepared based on that role. This study deals with presenting characteristics and economic indictors, their place and role of aforementioned provinces in countrys national economy, and specify their Privileges in providing national perspective document. After presenting the region s total characteristics, populational indicators, work power in macro provinces in the region, the study was compared and analyzed with other provinces in the country. The work power relative productivity indicators, added value coefficient, place coefficient and employment coefficient for recognition and prioritizing economy’s fifteen section activities in each of the region provinces were used in 1388. The activities ranking was done through taxonomy method and finally the relative privileges of each province was discussed and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Investigation of the Nonlinear Refractive Index of MCF7 and MCF10A Breast Cell Lines for Optical Diagnosis
Bahareh Khaksar Jalali Somayeh Salmani Shik Latifeh Karimzadeh Bardee Sharife Shahi -
Open Access Article
271 - Investigation of the Nonlinear Refractive Index of MCF7 and MCF10A Breast Cell Lines for Optical Diagnosis
Bahareh Khaksar Jalali Somayeh Salmani Shik Latifeh Karimzadeh Bardee sharifeh shahi -
Open Access Article
272 - An Analysis of the Relationship between Social Capital and City Quality of Life, Case Study: Haft Chinar District, Tehran
لطفعلی کوزگره کالجی مجید اسکندر پور abdolbaset doorzadeh mehrAbstract The formation and expansion of the concept of quality of life over the past half century, has become a key concept in global and human issues. Besides of this concept, quantitative and qualitative expansion of cities as the dominant form of human life has cause MoreAbstract The formation and expansion of the concept of quality of life over the past half century, has become a key concept in global and human issues. Besides of this concept, quantitative and qualitative expansion of cities as the dominant form of human life has caused the emergence of a new concept “quality of urban life”. Simultaneously the emergence of the term “social capital“as the most important capital of a society to achieve sustainable and synergic development and success of variety of plans and projects has attained increasing importance. Undoubtedly the success of urban plans and projects especially in neighborhood scale directly depends on social capital and citizen participation. Since the social capital is the fundamental factor in any development plans and programs, to achieve the high quality of life in urban neighborhoods as a type of plan it is essential to take advantage of social capital capacities such as trust, participation, social relations network and cohesion. Otherwise the urban plans and projects won’t be able to reach to their final goal that is social sustainability and citizen’s satisfaction. This article is descriptive and comparative survey that examines the quality of urban life in the one hand, and its relationship with a social capital in the other hand. To evaluate the quaof the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha, for the review of the subjective and objective quality of life the factor Key words: Social capital, Quality of life, Haftchenar neighborhood, Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Analysing Inharmonious pattern of urban development in 4 region of Tehran City
Hossein Hataminazhad Ebrahim Farhadi Ramin GhorbaniIn all cities and developing city in the vertical and horizontal directions of factors are considered by managers and urban planners. This topic in the scientific literature dating back more than a hundred years.the cities took place. In this paper, to analyze the patte MoreIn all cities and developing city in the vertical and horizontal directions of factors are considered by managers and urban planners. This topic in the scientific literature dating back more than a hundred years.the cities took place. In this paper, to analyze the pattern of uneven development of analytical and descriptive statistics and studies the pattern of urban development in the area four discussed for the library and for an analysis of the methods quantitative and statistical data have been used. Shannon entropy models to analyze and determine the ugly phenomenon of the growth area that is close to the maximum value of entropy represents urban sprawl in district 4 of Tehran. To measure regional inequality in the region of variability index was used as the CV exception of green space, in other land uses high values indicate that inequality and unevenness in the distribution and allocation of land in the region has clearly it shows. Method "Holdren" showed that 4/55 percent growth district 4 of Tehran, the spiral of bad dysplasiaAre.sprawl in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Comparing the Performance of Neural Networks and Multivariate Regression in the Estimation of Housing Prices (Case Study: Ahvaz City)
said amanpour ismail soleimanirad leila keshtkar Sadegh MokhtariHousing is a basic need in the community always. Housing market has been one of the most fluctuation sectors of the economy of Iran country over the past years. Since the housing sector changes have a great impact on other sectors of the economy, so one of the significa MoreHousing is a basic need in the community always. Housing market has been one of the most fluctuation sectors of the economy of Iran country over the past years. Since the housing sector changes have a great impact on other sectors of the economy, so one of the significant needs of housing is predicting the price of this good. In this context, in this study by using of multi-layer perceptron neural network, presented a model to predict housing price in the city of Ahvaz and the results compared with the multivariate regression model. This study is a practical–developmental and its method is analytical- descriptive. To do this, 233 samples of statistical unit in 1392 were analyzed on the basis of 16 relevant variables. The results show that multi-layer neural network with 91 percent accuracy have been more accurate compared with the multivariate regression in the predicting housing prices. In addition to evaluating the performance of models coefficients R^2 and RMSE were used. Coefficient of determination (R^2) by using multivariate regression is .789 and its value for neural network is .918. The result of the regression model indicates weaker performance of this model compared to artificial neural network approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Monitoring and Zoning of Drought in Southern Alborz
Porya Ghasemi Masoud Karbasi Alireza Zamani Nouri Mahdi Sarai TabriziDrought is one of the most important natural hazards and often affects the lives of many people and causes economic damage, environmental damage and social problems. This study was conducted to evaluate the drought trend, intensity and duration during 1988-2019 in relat MoreDrought is one of the most important natural hazards and often affects the lives of many people and causes economic damage, environmental damage and social problems. This study was conducted to evaluate the drought trend, intensity and duration during 1988-2019 in relation to the existing climates in the southern Alborz region. To describe droughts in 3, 6, 12 and 24-month time scales, two drought indices, namely standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were used. In the case of SPEI, evapotranspiration was an important factor in monitoring drought. Therefore, (HS) method was used to calculate evapotranspiration. Drought intensity and duration maps were presented for SPI and SPEI. The correlation between SPI and SPEI was also examined. In the present results, unlike humid climates, SPI does not have a good correlation with SPEI in extremely arid and arid climates and shows the importance of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) to identify drought in these areas and the index (SPEI) has more accurate monitoring results. Relative to the index (SPI). In addition, drought intensity maps for (SPI) and (SPEI) have shown that the region is experiencing very dry conditions and water resources are affected by intense drought in the short and medium term. Short-term drought in the east of the region (Zanjan) and long-term drought in the center and west of the region (Garmsar, Semnan, Karaj, Tehran) have been more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Evaluating the Role of Urban Form in Energy Consumption of Building Masses and Thermal Comfort of Open Urban Spaces in the Hot and Dry Climate
Maryam Farokhi Shahab KariminiaIn the past, cities have been good examples of energy-efficient urban design in terms of ecological constraints. Looking at traditional cities and comparing them with modern urban planning, we see adverse environmental consequences in the scale of design of building uni MoreIn the past, cities have been good examples of energy-efficient urban design in terms of ecological constraints. Looking at traditional cities and comparing them with modern urban planning, we see adverse environmental consequences in the scale of design of building units and the spatial structure of cities. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the effective factors in the design of traditional sustainable cities, using simulation software before the project or in the proposed options, to the optimal forms in the components (individual buildings) and Urban combinations (urban textures) was achieved. The present research combines descriptive-analytical methods, typological studies, drawing and simulation of models, following the analysis of energy consumption and thermal comfort in different types of building forms, urban blocks, and spatial structure of Isfahan in 4 historical periods. Therefore, by using energy simulation software (Design Builder) and thermal comfort (Envi-Met) and analysis of Space Syntax, the relationship between independent variables (physical and spatial characteristics of the urban fabric) and dependent variables, the amount of energy consumption (to provide heating, cooling, and lighting) and thermal comfort, in each of the proposed scenarios, has been investigated. Based on the results, it is possible to formulate guidelines for the climatic design of urban structures in the form of three components; The system and pattern of segmentation and segregation of urban land, the shape and characteristics of the mass/space in urban contexts and the pattern of the network of texture passages, regulation, and operational construction. The dominant forms of the Qajar period are more sustainable forms than other historical periods in terms of energy performance and adaptation to the climate. Also, spatial structures with the highest degree of spatial connection can provide a higher percentage of thermal comfort conditions in urban open spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - بهینه سازی سبد سهام با استفاده از الگوریتم Big Bang-Big Crunch
علیرضا علی نژاد سرمایهگذاری نقش تعیین کنندهای در رشد اقتصادی دارد. یکی از اهداف اساسی کشورها، دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی و توسعه ی پایدار میباشد. امروزه حجم قابل توجهی از کار مدیران سرمایه گذاری و همچنین به طور عموم سرمایه گذاران، ساختن پورتفوی کارآمدی از دارایی هاست که اهداف تقا More سرمایهگذاری نقش تعیین کنندهای در رشد اقتصادی دارد. یکی از اهداف اساسی کشورها، دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی و توسعه ی پایدار میباشد. امروزه حجم قابل توجهی از کار مدیران سرمایه گذاری و همچنین به طور عموم سرمایه گذاران، ساختن پورتفوی کارآمدی از دارایی هاست که اهداف تقاضا را برآورده سازد. در این تحقیق از مدل میانگین-واریانس مارکویتز به همراه محدودیت‏های عدد صحیح و همچنین یک رویکرد فرا ابتکاری جدید به نام الگوریتم Big Bang-Big Crunch برای تشکیل سبد سهام بهره گرفته شده است. الگوریتم مورد استفاده در این تحقیق با سایر الگوریتم‏های فراابتکاری نظیر الگوریتم شبیهسازی تبریدی، ژنتیک و... با استفاده از داده‏های سهام شاخصهای بورس هنگ کنگ، ایران و ژاپن مقایسه شده است و نتایج، حاکی از رقابتی بودن این الگوریتم برای حل مسأله بهینهسازی سبد سهام دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Effect of N2 partial pressure on the structural and mechanical properties of TaN films
mehdi manouchehrian -
Open Access Article
279 - Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Wire Drawing of Copper with PCD die: FEM Study
Mohammad Soroush Merkani Ghader Faraji -
Open Access Article
280 - Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties in CdSe/ZnS/CdSe and ZnS/CdSe/ZnS Spherical Core-Shell-Shell Quantum Dots
Abdolali Rabanian Mina Neghabi Mehdi Zadsar Mostafa Jafari -
Open Access Article
281 - An Investigation Into the Effects of Friction and Anisotropy Coefficients and Work Hardening Exponent on Deep Drawing With FEM
R Hosseini A Ebrahimi mamaghani A Asa -
Open Access Article
282 - Germination two rangelands species of Helichrysumglobiferum and Helichrysumaucheri under water stress
zeinab jafarian elahe ahmadiAbstract Arid and semi-arid rangelands are formed the most areas of Iran, hence it is necessary to be tolerant the plants of this region against drought. Using of resistant species to drought is vital for improving and developing of the rangelands. In this study, we ev MoreAbstract Arid and semi-arid rangelands are formed the most areas of Iran, hence it is necessary to be tolerant the plants of this region against drought. Using of resistant species to drought is vital for improving and developing of the rangelands. In this study, we evaluated the effects of drought stress on Helichrysum globiferom and Helichrysum aucheri germination properties. Seeds of two species were collected of Qushchy rangelands in 70 kilometers of the old road of Urmia –Karabakh. A factorial experimental design with four repeats and four salinity levels (0-50-100-150 mM PEG) in Seed Ecology laboratory of Sari Natural Resource Faculty was chosen. Results showed that drought stress had a significant subtractive effect on percentage and speed of germination, stem, and plant and root length in two Species. About all studied traits, the species of Helichrysum globiferom had more reduction properties than Helichrysum aucheri species. The ratio of Root to shoot length (allometric coefficient) also was the highest in Helichrysum globiferom. So the highest decrease in both species was observed in germination in treatment 100 and 150 mM because in this treatment no seed is germination. Therefore, as the species of Helichrysum globiferom is more resistant than another one, it is suggested to use it for improving and developing of rangelands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Determine the most appropriate corrective method to estimate suspended sediment load (Case Study: Tange Bostanak Watershed)
احمد Nohegar محمد Kazemi seyed javad Ahmadi حمید Gholami رسول MahdaviAccurate estimation of the sediment amount carried by a watershed drainage system in the design of all projects in water and soil conservation is essential. Due to convert logarithmic sediment rating curves, sediment regression equations is necessary to correct too bias MoreAccurate estimation of the sediment amount carried by a watershed drainage system in the design of all projects in water and soil conservation is essential. Due to convert logarithmic sediment rating curves, sediment regression equations is necessary to correct too biased. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of five methods of rating curve including FAO, MVUE, QMLE, LRC, Ls and β in the case of no category situations. Root mean square of error, coefficient of efficiency indicators, General Standard Deviation, Precision, Difference relation and Relative error were used to evaluate the performance of sediment rating curves and to choose the best of them. The result showed LQMLE method with RMSE=3.663, CE=92.1, GSD=0.556, r=1.01, RE=33% and P=1.01 is the best method of calculating sediment and FAO and LS models (with root mean square error of 6.24 and efficiency coefficient 76.3), (the root mean square error of 4.87 and 85.7 efficiency coefficient) are the weakest model in estimating the suspended sediment basin. n general, different methods and different correction factors in non-categorized of sediment rating curves, can be concluded that in most models and methods LQMLE and MVUE are the best methods of estimating the suspended sediment load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Flood warning system established by the integrated management of hydrological and hydraulic modeling
وحید Yazdani احسان Behjati عاطفه ArfaAbstract Study more about the different points of view Hydrometolojy flood drainage systems and catchment model analysis of rainfall, runoff and flood designated area according to hydrological and hydraulic retention basins, not only financially, but also t MoreAbstract Study more about the different points of view Hydrometolojy flood drainage systems and catchment model analysis of rainfall, runoff and flood designated area according to hydrological and hydraulic retention basins, not only financially, but also the legal and the pre warning system to predict and help the decoder is represents the flooding. The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate mechanism to establish flood warning system hydrological model HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS hydraulic model for the catchment dam is Garmi Chay. After restructuring the data in hydrological studies, flood frequency analysis, maximum a day at selected stations has been distributed to all stations, the three-parameter normal distribution. Applying the ratio of the maximum instantaneous flood peak flood one day, maximum instantaneous flood levels with return periods Garmi Chay River at the dam site Garmi Chay was calculated. The model calculations show that the contribution of the sub-basin outlet flood peak flows sub watershed is not necessarily proportional to the sub basin with high peak flows are not necessarily more effective flood basin outlet. Based on the results pre alerts dam hot tea in Group C (no more than 3 to 6 hours) floor was packed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Assessing the sprawl / compact of the city of Zahedan during the period 1375 – 1390
Hossein Ebrahimzadeh Aasmin Hamid Reza Rakhshani Nasab Tayebeh Sargolzaee JavanIn recent decades, Iran's cities, such as other cities of the third world countries have encountered significant transformations and in a short-term period, they have reached the manifold of their primary widths. Zahedan, during its 100 year life, has developed in an un MoreIn recent decades, Iran's cities, such as other cities of the third world countries have encountered significant transformations and in a short-term period, they have reached the manifold of their primary widths. Zahedan, during its 100 year life, has developed in an unbalanced way and has faced a quick development. The 32.5 time development of its population and 34 time development of its width indicate this issue compared to the first census in such a way that the development of this city has been in the horizontal direction and the continuous development of urban constructions have caused the ugly development of the city. Accordingly, in the present study, the correlation between the population and the amount of development and urban sprawl is investigated in Zahedan city using Shannon's and Holden's Entropy Models and Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The findings of the research indicate that according to Holden's model, Zahedan has been suffering the ugly urban development (sprawl) during the period of conducting the study. The entropy coefficient scores indicate the sprawl of Zahedan. Regarding the development of the value gap due to horizontal development and urban sprawl, theSmart and Compact City model is considered as a desired one for future expansion of Zahedan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Evaluation of having three zones of Semnan municipal infrastructure and ICT indicators in order to realize of Smart city
raheleh khodadadi Yousef Ali Ziari Ebrahim Romina Masoud MahadaviAbstract space city, thoughtful people to get rid of problems and failures in reaching the noble life has forced the city to think about reform and the creation of new structures. The key role of information and communication technology in the field of economic, social, MoreAbstract space city, thoughtful people to get rid of problems and failures in reaching the noble life has forced the city to think about reform and the creation of new structures. The key role of information and communication technology in the field of economic, social, political, and intelligence can not be ignored . Innovation dimensional and common nature, which can be produced, processed and processing the information.is situated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatial distribution of infrastructure and communication (ICT)3 to achieve Smart city are three District Municipality Semnan. The method is quantitative analysis to rank, determining the level of dispersion statistical indicators Model Mac Granahan, cluster analysis and the coefficient of variance was used. The results of the study show that municipal areas in terms of these indicators have not been the same and territories into three groups, relatively wealthy and less divided and scattering coefficients show the expected variation in the type and distribution The index is at the level of three regions. Keywords: ICT indicators, spatial analysis, Mac Granahan, The coefficient of variance, three areas of the municipality of Semnan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Reviews of Social Perspective a Dysfunctional Urban Textures (Case Study:Nahzatabad Sector, Metropolis of Ahvaz)
behrouz shiri abbas maroofnezhadTexture of old inefficient and cities of the country, which in most cases constitute the first nucleus and its major cities.These tissues over time and lack of attention and proper maintenance, have been suffering from burnout and physical and functional degeneration.Th MoreTexture of old inefficient and cities of the country, which in most cases constitute the first nucleus and its major cities.These tissues over time and lack of attention and proper maintenance, have been suffering from burnout and physical and functional degeneration.The problems of these tissues are social and cultural,economic,physical,structural and environmental. Hence, this research is in the form of a metropolitan area of ahvaz metropolis(Nezat Abad sector of 4th region)Inefficient urban texture performance process in the framework of sociological approach,looking at organizing and urban regeneration based on social indicators is examined. The population of this study was calculated using cochran formula 360 and a questionnaire randomly distributed among the residents of movement Nehzat Abad. Then Spss software was used for statistical analysis of the questionnaires and based on single sample T-test.The results of the analysis showed that the component of empowerment of residents and increase their quality of life(Lack of satisfaction with community social security and lack of satisfaction with neighborhood facilities)has increased the ineffectiveness of tissue and has made residents reluctant to resuscitate them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Leveling the Development Rate of the Cities of Hamedan Province Using the Approach of Decreasing Spatial and Regional Inequalities Hadi Rostami, PhD Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Malayer Branch
hadi rostami Abbas Malek HosseiniInequality in development among different cities has recently been under consideration of regional planning’s culture, and it is yet to be known in our country. It might look easy to comment on the development and backwardness of different regions, but quantitativ MoreInequality in development among different cities has recently been under consideration of regional planning’s culture, and it is yet to be known in our country. It might look easy to comment on the development and backwardness of different regions, but quantitative measurement of the development cannot be considered a simple work. The purpose of this article is to determine the development level of cities in Hamedan province and also to analyze regional inequalities in this province. The research method used in this article is descriptive – analytical and the five indicators including; healthcare, social, cultural, educational, economical (agricultural – animal husbandry), and demographic structural occupation and infrastructural urban services have been studied. To determine the assumptions of the research and level of development of the cities, fuzzy logic techniques have been used. The fuzzy model has been designed in three phases to estimate the level of the development of cities each year. In the next stage, the trends of spatial inequalities for cities have been specified by Williamson’s differential coefficient model using the outputs of the fuzzy model. The level of development over 13 years (1380 – 1393) indicates that Hamedan with a developmental index of 0.65 is considered as the most developed city and Famenin with a development index of 0.29 is determined as the least developed one. The Pattern of the structure governing Hamedan region is determined as center- environs which requires authorities’ special attention to the equal distribution of facilities in the cities of the northern part of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Evaluation the Sustainability of Urban Neighborhoods Based on HDI and Morris Area Technique A Case study: Malayer City
Seyyed Davood Mousavi Asghar Nazarian Usefali Ziari Masoud MahdaviThe sustainability of cities, especially in the 21st century, has been studied seriously and widely by scientific associations and international organizations. The purpose of this article is evaluation and determination of 23 neighborhoods in Malayer based on improvemen MoreThe sustainability of cities, especially in the 21st century, has been studied seriously and widely by scientific associations and international organizations. The purpose of this article is evaluation and determination of 23 neighborhoods in Malayer based on improvement index on this justification that sustainability in any parts of the city can be a background of sustainability for all cities. In order to evaluate and estimate the sustainability of Malayer neighborhoods, unbalance analysis and prediction of the improvement priorities, as well as some quantity models and statistic software have been used such as: Morris development index, standard score, changing coefficient and agent analysis based on 58 variations according to social, economic, environmental and somatic indexes. The case study techniques in this project are combinations of analysis and field studies. The type of study is functional improvement and the range of study is across the 23 parts of Malayer with 159848 population and a 2280 hectare area. The findings and results of this research according to integrative indexes (social, economic, environmental, somatic) have shown a tremendous difference in sustainability coefficient among different neighborhood of city. surprisingly, only 7 neighborhoods out of the 23 neighborhoods (less than one third) are in the sustainability situation and are in %71_1 range and other neighborhoods are in half sustainability situation with %41_ %70 range. Yet,other neighborhoods are in unsustainable situation with the rang of 0_0/40. Furthermore, there is a huge difference among different parts of the city according to the human development index (HDI) which is based on economic indexes of MAX and MIN (MAX_MIN :153.5). It was observed to be so critical and was observed smaller in the environmental index (MAX_MIN :87.88). Therefore, the Park Neighborhood was found having the most score of index combination with 314 in first place and is the most sustainable neighborhood then Naftsiah with 189 score is in 23hd place and the most unsustainable neighborhood. The analysis and results of this study show the tremendous difference, between the most sustainable and least sustainable neighborhoods of the city base on the development indexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Analyzing form and trend of spatial and physical development of Bojnord (Using quantitative methods)
Mohammad Reza Zamiri Mahin Nastaran Hamideh Mohammad Zade TitkanluDefinitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant MoreDefinitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant results. Therefore, it is necessary to study all aspects of city life. Spatial planning emphasizes distribution of population, activity and employment and land uses all over the city. Identifying form and trend of spatial development in cities beside the physical trend is a favorite topic for urban planners and managers. Introducing some quantitative indicators for evaluating compactness or sprawl in spatial development trends in cities is so important. Because there is not one definition for sprawl and without using some quantitative indicators, it’s impossible to evaluate and describe development of cities. For this purpose, global coefficient of Moran, coefficient of Geary and Shannon’s entropy have been used in this research. Results show that this coefficients and indicators can describe spatial development trend in cities and make evaluation of that trend quantitative and reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Fabrication of Silver doped Buckypaper and Investigation of its Properties
Yoan Zhi Silvia Tokomatov -
Open Access Article
292 - Application of ZnO/TiO2 Nanocomposite for the Improvement of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Tube Heat Exchangers
M Yousefifar Mohamad Mahdi Zerafat S. Sabbaghi -
Open Access Article
293 - Optimization of Energy for Tracking of the Magnetic Levitation Ball Using the SDRE Technique
Seyyed Mostafa Ghadami -
Open Access Article
294 - Economic Load Distribution between Thermal Power Plants and Studying the Changes of Parameters
Mehdi Mahdavian Majid Dehghani Mohamad Reza Yousefi Mahdi Sharifi -
Open Access Article
295 - Impact of Economic-Social Development on Air Quality in the Middle East Countries
masoumeh motallebi Reza Najarzade Lotfali AgheliThis research mainly aims to investigate the effect of economic-social development on air quality in Middle East countries. For this purpose, the effects of Socio-economic Development indicators and natural resource utilization indicators are examined as one of the main MoreThis research mainly aims to investigate the effect of economic-social development on air quality in Middle East countries. For this purpose, the effects of Socio-economic Development indicators and natural resource utilization indicators are examined as one of the main drivers of growth and development in the Middle East on Sulfur dioxide emission as an indicator for air quality. Since air pollution is a stable occurrence over time, the time-varying coefficient panel data model during the time period 2000-2019 is used to examine the impact of variables on Sulfur dioxide emissions. The results show that human capital, per capita income, and innovation have the greatest impact on the increase in Sulfur dioxide emissions, but resource usage indicators, especially the consumption of fossil fuels, lead to a decrease in Sulfur dioxide emissions. In fact, given the low use of renewable energy in the Middle East, energy consumption is mainly based on carbon sources. Thus, it is necessary to use environmental technologies and innovations instead of technology-based activities to control this issue in order to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Estimation of Urban and Rural Poverty and Inequality concerning Hormozgan Province compared with the Country as a Whole
Hosein Heidari esmael aboonoori Ahmad Jafari Samimi younes nademiIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annuall MoreIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annually by the Statistical Center of Iran and estimated the non-parametric Gini coefficient, poverty line and then poverty gaps. Then, in order to compare the urban and rural poverty as well as inequality levels regarding Hormozgan with that of the country as a whole, we have used 6 simple regression ANOVA models. The results indicate that the urban poverty and inequality levels have been significantly lower than that of in the rural areas. Poverty in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have been significantly more than urban and rural areas of the country as a whole, respectively. However, the Inequality in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have significantly less than those in the country as a whole, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Calculation of Backward and Forward linkages of Mineral of Iran's Mines (Application of Input-Output Approach)
mirhosein mousavi farid dehghani azadeh roshanravanAbstract The purpose of this study is to rank the minerals of mines in operation in Iran by examining the backward and forward linkages between sections. For this purpose, the input-output table updated in2011 by the Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Re MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to rank the minerals of mines in operation in Iran by examining the backward and forward linkages between sections. For this purpose, the input-output table updated in2011 by the Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Republic Of Iran has been used. By calculating the multiplier coefficient of production, using Leontief's demand-side method, all mining sections had a multiplier coefficient of production more than one. Also, by calculating the backward linkage using a supply-side model of Gosh, the multiplier coefficient of supply in all mineral sectors is high. By examining the power index through Rasmussen's demand-side method, coal and lignite, coal and stone, sand and gravel sectors with a power index greater than one, after the agricultural sector, the building And the industry, because of the greater link that they make with other sectors in terms of purchasing intermediary inputs, had more employment than the total average of activity. In this respect, other parts of the mine had no place among the first parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Effect of Inflation on Solvency of Insurance Companies in Iran
Hossein Raghfar esmael safarzadeh Maryam QafourboroujerdiThe target of this article is to investigate the effect of inflation on the solvency of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, panel data regression models was used to specify the model study from 1391 to 1394. The results show that inflation, current ratio and eq MoreThe target of this article is to investigate the effect of inflation on the solvency of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, panel data regression models was used to specify the model study from 1391 to 1394. The results show that inflation, current ratio and equity ratio have positive and significant effect on solvency, while loss coefficient and reserves ratio have negative effect on solvency. According to the results, it is suggested that insurance companies change their activities from leveraged companies to capital based ones; consider reserves in another part of balance sheet except for the liabilities part; describe a range as the optimal range of current ratio and define some groups of premium related to the average damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Investigation of Convergence of Income Distribution in Iran`s Provinces
Sara Masoomzadeh mehdi shirafkan lamssu Mojtaba MohamadnejadiAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The result MoreAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The results show that convergence or divergence for Gini coefficient vary from province to province and in more than half of provinces there is no Gini coefficient convergence towards the average. Among the provinces that converge to average, Bushehr has the highest rate of convergence and Golestan province also has the lowest rate of convergence to the average Gini coefficient. In order to achieve the convergence of income distribution among the provinces of the country, politicians are recommended to put in place price adjustment and efficient use of capital on the agenda for divergent provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - The Effect of ECAP Die Helix Angle on the Microstructure Homogeneity of the Processed Samples by FEM Method
Amir Neshastegir Kashi Farshid Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
301 - The Effect of Chemical Composition on Wear and Microstructural Properties of Babbitt Coatings
Zahra Moghadami Ali Mehdi Pour Omrani -
Open Access Article
302 - Developing an Optimized Portfolio Model using Modified Risk Aversion Coefficient
Roohollah Mehralizadeh shiadehi hosein didehkhani Ali Khozain arash naderianIn this paper, we propose a modification to the use of the risk aversion coefficient in optimization models, based on research literature and mathematical methods. The modified risk aversion coefficient introduced in this paper can be applied in the maximization part of MoreIn this paper, we propose a modification to the use of the risk aversion coefficient in optimization models, based on research literature and mathematical methods. The modified risk aversion coefficient introduced in this paper can be applied in the maximization part of the model without any adverse effects. By doing so, it can improve the accuracy of meta-heuristic algorithms in finding optimal solutions. To test the efficacy of our proposed model, we applied it to 30 shares of the Tehran Stock Exchange, along with a zero-risk asset, taking into account some limitations in the market. We used a genetic meta-heuristic optimization method to solve the model, and to measure its efficiency, we compared the results of the optimization process with 2500 randomly generated portfolios that were within the problem's constraints. Our results show that our model outperforms the random portfolios in terms of both risk factors and return. In conclusion, our proposed modification to the risk aversion coefficient can improve the accuracy of optimization models, and our results demonstrate its effectiveness in generating optimal portfolios in the market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Non-parametric momentum strategy based on rank and sign Study case: Tehran Stock Exchange
parsa jozzi sayyed mohammadreza davoodi saeed Kazemian hossinabadiThe purpose of this research is non-parametric momentum strategy based on rank and symbol in Tehran Stock Exchange. In the present research, two approaches to implementing the non-parametric momentum strategy were introduced as momentums based on rank and sign. MATLAB s MoreThe purpose of this research is non-parametric momentum strategy based on rank and symbol in Tehran Stock Exchange. In the present research, two approaches to implementing the non-parametric momentum strategy were introduced as momentums based on rank and sign. MATLAB software and coding were used for data analysis and model implementation. The research model is taken from the article of T. Sang et al. (2021). The results of the research on the monthly data of 16 industries from the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2022 show that the momentum approach based on rank compared to normal and sign increases the Sharpe ratio by 30% and also the momentum of the rank in the value measure in Exposed to risk also has the lowest risk. In addition, the regression relationship shows that both the monthly rate momentum return and the monthly sign momentum return have a positive significant effect on the normal momentum monthly return at the confidence level of 0.95. The high and appropriate determination coefficient of 0.892 also shows that there is a linear relationship between the three yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - A Routing Method for Tracking a Moving Target with a Reduced Energy Consumption Approach
Maryam Hasanhoseini Farhad Mesrinejad Homayoun Mahdavi-NasabNowadays, the wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in many different fields and applications. Enemy tracking and wildlife habitats monitoring are the examples of target tracking by using of large number of sensor nodes. The main idea in this area is to find some usable MoreNowadays, the wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in many different fields and applications. Enemy tracking and wildlife habitats monitoring are the examples of target tracking by using of large number of sensor nodes. The main idea in this area is to find some usable target information such as location, speed and movement direction of the target because they must be available any time. By the way, the sensor nodes in sensor network model have a severe energy limit and cannot be recharged simply. In this paper, an efficient algorithm abbreviated EAASA is presented in order to reduce energy consumption while maintaining the quality of target tracking. The simulation results are compared to the AASA (cluster-based target tracking algorithm) algorithm and show that the proposed algorithm has been able to reduce energy consumption significantly while maintaining tracking quality. This method has increased the life time of the network and reduced the rate of loss of the target. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Syllable Segmentation of Farsi Continuous Speech using Wavelet Coefficients Thresholding and Fuzzy Smoothing of Energy Contour
Ghazaal Sheikhi Hamid MahmoodianSyllable, as a sub-word unit, nowadays plays an active role in the field of speech processing and recognition research according to its robust relation to human speech production and cognition. Automatic syllable boundaries detection is an important step forward in the MoreSyllable, as a sub-word unit, nowadays plays an active role in the field of speech processing and recognition research according to its robust relation to human speech production and cognition. Automatic syllable boundaries detection is an important step forward in the areas of speech prosody, natural speech synthesis and speech recognition. In this paper, a novel method in automatic syllabification of Farsi continuous speech based on acoustic structure is proposed. Our previous studies, showed the proficiency of energy contour fuzzy smoothing method, compared with other prominent works in this area. This paper suggests that the conventional methodology-used in speech enhancement based on wavelet coefficient thresholding would improve syllable segmentation by decreasing insertion error. This process declines the energy in high energy consonants which are responsible for extra peaks in short term energy contour. Experimental results showed that utilizing proposed method along with fuzzy smoothing would diminish insertion error about 8% with no reasonable effect on other efficiency criteria. More than 94% of syllables are automatically segmented using presented technique with less than 50ms error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - A Novel Approach in Text-Independent Speaker Recognition in Noisy Environment
Nona Heydari Esfahani Hamid MahmoodianIn this paper, robust text-independent speaker recognition is taken into consideration. The proposed method performs on manual silence-removed utterances that are segmented into smaller speech units containing few phones and at least one vowel. The segments are basic un MoreIn this paper, robust text-independent speaker recognition is taken into consideration. The proposed method performs on manual silence-removed utterances that are segmented into smaller speech units containing few phones and at least one vowel. The segments are basic units for long-term feature extraction. Sub-band entropy is directly extracted in each segment. A robust vowel detection method is then applied on each segment to separate a high energy vowel that is used as unit for pitch frequency and formant extraction. By applying a clustering technique, extracted short-term features namely MFCC coefficients are combined with long term features. Experiments using MLP classifier show that the average speaker accuracy recognition rate is 97.33% for clean speech and 61.33% in noisy environment for -2db SNR, that shows improvement compared to other conventional methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Improved Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) Using Fuzzy Logic
Omid Mokhlesi Seyed Hamid Zahiri Naser Mehrshad Seyed Mohammad RazaviResearchers tendency to use different collective intelligence as the search methods to optimize complex engineering problems has increased because of the high performance of this algorithms. Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is among these algorithms. This algorithm MoreResearchers tendency to use different collective intelligence as the search methods to optimize complex engineering problems has increased because of the high performance of this algorithms. Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is among these algorithms. This algorithm is inspired by Newton's laws of physics and gravitational attraction. Random masses are agents who have searched for the space. This paper presents a new Fuzzy Population GSA model called FPGSA. The proposed method is a combination of parametric fuzzy controller and gravitational search algorithm. The space being searched using this combined reasonable and accurate method. In the collective intelligence algorithms, population size influences the final answer so that for a large population, a better response is obtained but the algorithm execution time is longer. To overcome this problem, a new parameter called the dispersion coefficient is added to the algorithm. Implementation results show that by controlling this factor, system performance can be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Brain Blood Vessel Map Extraction Using Wavelet-based DSA Fusion
Saba Momeni Hossein PoorghasemRecently image fusion has prominent and applicable roles in medical image processing. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image is applied to display map of blood vessels. In this essay, a new fusion algorithm for DSA serial images based on discrete wavelet transform MoreRecently image fusion has prominent and applicable roles in medical image processing. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image is applied to display map of blood vessels. In this essay, a new fusion algorithm for DSA serial images based on discrete wavelet transform coefficients is proposed. Fusion of high frequency coefficients is based on proposed fusion map and four evaluation criteria which introduce level of coefficient's energy. Our algorithm will be compared for different wavelet transforms and activity criteria for high frequency coefficients. The comparisons are based on the objective evaluation criteria which show measure of noise existence, sharpness and correlation between the fusion result and reference image. Finally, Meyer discrete wavelet transform is resulted as the best wavelet transform, and sum of modified Laplacian, local energy are introduced as activity level measurment for high and low frequency coefficients in process of brain vessel map extraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Wavelet Packet Entropy in Speaker-Independent Emotional State Detection from Speech Signal
Mina Kadkhodaei Elyaderani Hamid Mahmoodian Ghazaal SheikhiIn this paper, wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker-independent emotion detection from speech. After pre-processing, wavelet packet decomposition using wavelet type db3 at level 4 is calculated and Shannon entropy in its nodes is calculated to be used as featu MoreIn this paper, wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker-independent emotion detection from speech. After pre-processing, wavelet packet decomposition using wavelet type db3 at level 4 is calculated and Shannon entropy in its nodes is calculated to be used as feature. In addition, prosodic features such as first four formants, jitter or pitch deviation amplitude, and shimmer or energy variation amplitude besides MFCC features are applied to complete the feature vector. Then, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify the vectors in multi-class (all emotions) or two-class (each emotion versus normal state) format. 46 different utterances of a single sentence from Berlin Emotional Speech Dataset are selected. These are uttered by 10 speakers in sadness, happiness, fear, boredom, anger, and normal emotional state. Experimental results show that proposed features can improve emotional state detection accuracy in multi-class situation. Furthermore, adding to other features wavelet entropy coefficients increase the accuracy of two-class detection for anger, fear, and happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Calculation of the Behavior Coefficient of the Combined System of Special Moment-resisting Frame and Concrete Shear Wall with Openings Reinforced with CFRP
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Mostafa Echresh AmiriToday, the reinforcing polymer composites are widely applied to improve the seismic behavior of the structures. The history of structures reinforced with polymer sheets is mostly related to the reinforcement of beams and columns. In this study, the behavior coefficient MoreToday, the reinforcing polymer composites are widely applied to improve the seismic behavior of the structures. The history of structures reinforced with polymer sheets is mostly related to the reinforcement of beams and columns. In this study, the behavior coefficient of a special concrete moment-resisting frame in combination with a concrete shear wall (CSW) with opening and retrofitted with Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) was calculated. The CSW was added as a reinforcement to the pre-designed concrete moment-resisting frame at two heights of 8 and 12 floors, then circular, rhombic and rectangular openings were created in the walls and CFRP were added around the openings along 45 and 90 degrees on one side and both sides of the wall. The results of the analyses presented that the strength of the structure decreased with the opening of the wall, and when the fibers were added around the opening, the resistance increased slightly; this slight increase in strength is due to the low amount of fibers. To cope with this issue, a layer of fibers was glued to the wall area on one side, on both sides, and two layers of fibers on one side of the wall around the opening. The interpretation of the results indicated that the higher the level of reinforcing fibers on the wall, the higher the capacity and behavior coefficient of the structure. The addition of CFRP on both sides of the wall had a better effect on the behavior coefficient and capacity of the structure than the application of two layers of fibers on one side of the wall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Estimation of Behavior Coefficient of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquakes using Particle Swarm algorithm
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi AdeliElastic analysis of structures creates basic shearing forces and stresses that are significantly larger than the actual responses of the structures. By entering the inelastic domain, the structure can absorb and resist a large amount of earthquake energy. On the other h MoreElastic analysis of structures creates basic shearing forces and stresses that are significantly larger than the actual responses of the structures. By entering the inelastic domain, the structure can absorb and resist a large amount of earthquake energy. On the other hand, nonlinear analysis of structures requires time-consuming and voluminous computational operations, so in most of the codes, a simple and appropriate method called equivalent static method is presented to achieve a reasonable answer to the nonlinear behavior of the structure (without performing a nonlinear analysis). Therefore, due to the importance of ductility in the absorption of seismic energy, the computational forces caused by the earthquake are reduced by introducing the coefficient of structural behavior, R. In this paper, an extensive database consisting of 12,960 eccentrically braced frame (EBF) structures with varying story numbers of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20, three types of column stiffness and three degrees of bracing slenderness was designed and analyzed under 20 near-faults pulse-like earthquakes. To generate the estimated relation R, 6769 data were interpreted using particle swarm algorithm. The results of a correlation of 0.86 in the test data presented the accuracy of the proposed relation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Investigating Coefficient of Steel Frame Behavior Under the Influence of Structural Geometry
Babak Hosamzadeh mohammad reza hashemiThe analysis and design of structures based solely on the elastic behavior of the members and the lack of attention to the plastic behavior in tolerating of the lateral forces leads to noneconomic design. All the regulations in the world, a special coefficient, called t MoreThe analysis and design of structures based solely on the elastic behavior of the members and the lack of attention to the plastic behavior in tolerating of the lateral forces leads to noneconomic design. All the regulations in the world, a special coefficient, called the building's coefficient of behavior, which is calculated to reduce the earthquake forces is considered and allows the designer to analyze the elastic structure under reduced forces and design based on its results. The magnitude of this coefficient in the earthquake regulations is based primarily on the observations of the performance of various building systems in past strong earthquakes and based on engineering judgments. Accordingly, many researchers have expressed concern about the lack of reasonable coefficient of behavior, based on research studies and computational backing in earthquake regulations, and emphasized on the correction of these coefficients based on scientific studies. By studying the results of dynamic analysis on the studied structures in two types with behavior factor 6 and behavior 7, it was shown that increasing the coefficient of behavior can play a very important role in the Seismic response. The coefficient of behavior in the building does not have a significant effect on the horizontal displacement of the structure. Because in the buildings of one and four story, according to the 2800, the effect of twisting is not considered, and because of this, the coefficient of behavior in the buildings of one and four floors does not have much effect on the earthquake force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Comparison of the Seismic Performance of Braced Steel Frames with Suspended Zipper Element and CBF with the possibility of Rocking Motion
Ali Parvari Behnam FallahZipper bracing system is one of these types of braces. The zipper bracing members transfer the unbalanced tensile forces created in a floor to its upper floor, and this process continues until there is an increase in lateral load and causes the braces of the higher floo MoreZipper bracing system is one of these types of braces. The zipper bracing members transfer the unbalanced tensile forces created in a floor to its upper floor, and this process continues until there is an increase in lateral load and causes the braces of the higher floors to buckle. In this article, the dynamic behavior of the braced structure with zipper under the influence of earthquake records with rocking component and without rocking movement has been studied. SAP2000 software was used for modeling. Seven accelerometer pairs have been utilized for nonlinear dynamic analysis. The studied frames are 6-, 9- and 12- floors with a floor height of 3 meters. In all the studied models, the joint in the bracing part has been damaged. In this part, most of the damages have been at the level of continuous usability, and in the 9- and 12-story structures, the damage is a little wider and at the level of life safety performance. In the structures where rocking movement has been applied in the foundation part, it has caused the movement and shearing of the foundation of the structure to be reduced by 20 to 35 percent because it absorbs some of the earthquake force. Examining the results related to the displacement of the roof of the structure, it has been observed that the displacement of the roof in the structure with CBF bracing was about 10 to 25% less than the structure with zipper bracing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Angular Earthquake Coefficient in Irregular Structures on Plan
Mohammad reza Bahari Alireza faroughi mohammad ghanoonibaghaToday is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In t MoreToday is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In this article first, Methods of calculation and factors affecting the behavior of factors are investigated. Then a number of steel structures with lateral load systems MRF and CBF, with the number of floors 3, 7 and 10 Irregular on the plan is evaluated. By performing a non-linear static analysis under the influence of lateral loads، Ductility and their coefficient of resistance in different angles Due to the limitation of local ductility in structural elements (Based on maximum drift) and finally the behavior coefficients (Given the values obtained from the analysis) will be counted. It is assumed that the angular behavior coefficients follow a rectangular rule so that the values of the angular behavior coefficient with the length of the line from the origin with the desired angle in a rectangle whose sides are the coefficient of behavior of the main structure of the structure is equal. Then, the values of the angular behavior coefficient obtained from this rule are compared with the values obtained from nonlinear static analysis. According to the results, it is also observed that the angular behavior coefficients obtained from this type of analysis are slightly higher than their values from the rectangular base, and follow this rule well. As well as structures at these angles relative to the main directions shows better behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Analytical and Code-based Assessment of Torsional Irregularity in Low to Medium Rise Buildings
Bijan sanaati jamal ahmadi Recent earthquakes have shown that torsional irregularity of buildings is a factor caused collapse of buildings. In previous edition of standard 2800, Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, there was no discussion on More Recent earthquakes have shown that torsional irregularity of buildings is a factor caused collapse of buildings. In previous edition of standard 2800, Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, there was no discussion on torsional irregularity. In the fourth edition, the regulations about this type of irregularity are also included. The aim of this study is to validate the regulations using analytical results and comparison of results with those regulations of other seismic codes. Parameters studied are location of shear walls in the plan, number of stories and number of axes. To study torsional irregularity in the Y plane, shear walls are considered symmetrical and asymmetrical about X and Y axis. Analyzing 96 analytical models, specified that maximum value for torsional irregularity coefficient increases by reducing the number of stories of the building. The upper stories have less torsional irregularity coefficient than the lower stories. The results of rotation angle of floor contrasts to that of torsional irregularity coefficient. A direct relationship proposed to relate the torsional irregularity coefficient and rotation angle of floor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Determining the Behavior Coefficient of Flexural Frame of Special Reinforced Concrete with Shear Walls Having Openings Applying Numerical Analysis Method
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Mostafa Echresh AmiriIran is located in a region that has critical conditions in terms of seismicity, so structures designed in the country must be resistant to lateral loads. Reinforced concrete shear walls are the most common systems resistant to the lateral loads of wind and earthquake i MoreIran is located in a region that has critical conditions in terms of seismicity, so structures designed in the country must be resistant to lateral loads. Reinforced concrete shear walls are the most common systems resistant to the lateral loads of wind and earthquake in the structures. One of the types of shear walls is the shear wall with openings, which are created for mechanical and architectural reasons. The presence of these openings in the shear wall causes changes in the ultimate resistance, changes in the behavior of the force distribution, and changes in the failure mechanism. Due to the fact that some shear walls are designed using old regulations that these regulations do not provide the ductility of the shear wall, so due to the incompatibility of the seismic design of these regulations with the new regulations, it is necessary to repair and strengthen these walls. Due to the fact that the effect of the wall with opening and reinforced with special flexural frame at a relatively high height was not studied in previous studies, so in this study, by studying the behavior of this type of frame, the coefficient of behavior of this type of system was evaluated. In this study, the concrete shear wall was added as a reinforcement to the flexural frame of the special reinforced concrete in two heights of 8 and 12 storeys, which were pre-designed, then circular, rhombic and rectangular openings were created in the walls and compared with each other. The results of the analyses present that the strength and behavior coefficient of the structure decrease with the opening of the wall, which is different for openings with different shapes. At the same level analysis, circular-shaped openings and among all openings, openings with half the original dimensions exhibited the best performance, indicating that the smaller the dimensions of the openings, the higher the structural strength. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Seismic behavior of knee brace compared with X and Chevron bracing in steel frame
Mohamad haghayegh gafar Asgari mohammad sadeg rohani maneshIn this paper, with the introduction of a new Knee Brace Frame the seismic behavior of steel frames braced with knee brace compared with X and Chevron brace frame are discussed. For this purpose, the braced steel structures, with the number of floors three, five and eig MoreIn this paper, with the introduction of a new Knee Brace Frame the seismic behavior of steel frames braced with knee brace compared with X and Chevron brace frame are discussed. For this purpose, the braced steel structures, with the number of floors three, five and eight-story frame with four meters three-span by using pushover analysis are analysed. Considering that lateral displacement structures parameter is an effective parameter on failure of structural and non-structural members, The amount of lateral displacement of steel frames braced with different types of braces, and also given the importance of ductility coefficient such behavior braced steel frames are compared with each other. Studies have shown that, the Knee Brace Frame, ductility and stiffness conjoined provides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Production of Synthetic Seismic Records Using Fuzzy Neural Network
Peyman Shadman Mehdi Amri Mohammad KhorasaniThere is a growing need for dynamic time history analysis and the absence of proper records in different areas has necessitatedthe production of artificiallaccelerograms compatible with the whole plan. This study presents a new approachbased on wavelet packet transform MoreThere is a growing need for dynamic time history analysis and the absence of proper records in different areas has necessitatedthe production of artificiallaccelerograms compatible with the whole plan. This study presents a new approachbased on wavelet packet transform and artificial intelligence techniques to produce artificial earthquake accelerograms compatible with the whole plan. This approachtakes into account the magnitude and the distance from the fault. The study of neural networks and fuzzy wavelet packet analysis has been used to achieve the desired goal. To do so, first earthquake accelerograms have been collected according to specific site conditions, earthquake magnitude and distance from origin.Then all records have been gatehered for training with fuzzy neural network. Attenuation spectra have been developed on the basis of information in the area using nonlinear regression. Then using fuzzy neural networks, the relationship between earthquake records and the devloped spectra from each record is calculated. In this satge, using wavelet packet analysis, mapping acceleration are analyzed and converted intoaccelerograms (wavelet coefficients) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Abrasive Strength, Porosity and Permeability of Silica Fume Concretes
Abolfaz Shamsayi Mohsen nacharchi Saber piroti Kamal rahmaniAbstract Today following the development of construction of hydraulic structures like dams, the matter of concrete durability used in these kinds of structures has gained paramount importance. One of the important factors of concrete durability in these structures is i MoreAbstract Today following the development of construction of hydraulic structures like dams, the matter of concrete durability used in these kinds of structures has gained paramount importance. One of the important factors of concrete durability in these structures is its resistance against abrasion due to the crash of particles carried by water. To enhance the abrasion resistance of concrete, different methods have been offered and investigated by researchers and one can refer to the following to name a few. Using aggregates resistant to abrasion, reducing the water-cement ratio, using nanocilica microcylis in concrete, suitable and on time seasoning. In the present research the following experiments have been done on concrete samples. -The abrasive strength of block samples of 15×15×15 cm for 28 past days using Sand Blast Method. -The hydraulic conductivity coefficient of cylinder samples with the height of 10cm., and 10cm., in diameter, 28 past days using Penetration Method. The results of abrasion experiments showed that by reducing water-cementratio from 0.50 to 0.33, the abrasive strength of concrete improves as far as 30.94 %. The permeability experiments showed that; By reduction of water-cement ratio from 0.50 to 0.33, the hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the concrete is reduced from 39.88 × 10 m/sec to 2.49 × 10 m/sec., and the porosity of concrete is reduced from 13.90 % to 13.10 %. The above results show that reducing water-cement ratio results in increasing abrasive strength and increasing the hydraulic conductivity coefficient and reducing porosity of silica fume concrete. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Evaluating the Efficiency of Hospital Emergencies during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in the Presence of Undesirable Inputs in DEA
Abbasali Monzeli Behrouz Daneshian Ghasem Tohidi Masoud Sanei Shabnam Razavyan -
Open Access Article
321 - Fermatean Fuzzy Type Statistical Concepts with Medical Decision-Making Application
Murat Kirisci -
Open Access Article
322 - نوعی رویکرد برای رتبه DMU های کارا در تحلیل پوششی داده ها بر اساس ترکیبی از نورم بی نهایت و منهتن
شکرالله زیاری مناف شریف زادهدر بسیاری از برنامه های کاربردی، تبعیض در میان واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) ها یک روش کار فنی مشکل ساز برای تصمیم گیرندگان در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. مدل های DEA قادر به تمایز قائل شدن میان DMU های به شدت کارآمد نمی باشد. از این رو، علاقه رو به رشد در بهبود قدرت تب Moreدر بسیاری از برنامه های کاربردی، تبعیض در میان واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) ها یک روش کار فنی مشکل ساز برای تصمیم گیرندگان در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. مدل های DEA قادر به تمایز قائل شدن میان DMU های به شدت کارآمد نمی باشد. از این رو، علاقه رو به رشد در بهبود قدرت تبعیض در DEA هنوز وجود دارد. هدف از این مقاله رتبه بندی DMU های بسیار کارآ در تحلیل پوششی داده ها ها بر اساس بهره برداری از یک ایده و ترکیب منهتن و نورم بی نهایت با بازده به مقیاس ثابت و متغیر است. روش پیشنهادی در برخی از روش های رتبه بندی قادر به غلبه بر مشکلات موجود است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - رتبه بندی DMU ها کارآمد با استفاده از ضریب تغییرات وزن در DEA
Mojtaba Ziari Shokrollah Ziariیکی از مشکلات آنالیز پوششی داده ها (DEA) مشکل تبعیض در میان واحدهای تصمیم گیری کارآمد (DMUs) است و بنابراین، منجر به تعداد زیادی DMU به عنوان کار آمد میشود. هدف اصلی این مقاله غلبه بر این ناتوانی است. یکی از روش ها برای رتبه بندیی DMU های کارآمد به حداقل رساندن ضریب تغی Moreیکی از مشکلات آنالیز پوششی داده ها (DEA) مشکل تبعیض در میان واحدهای تصمیم گیری کارآمد (DMUs) است و بنابراین، منجر به تعداد زیادی DMU به عنوان کار آمد میشود. هدف اصلی این مقاله غلبه بر این ناتوانی است. یکی از روش ها برای رتبه بندیی DMU های کارآمد به حداقل رساندن ضریب تغییرات (CV) برای ورودی-خروجی وزن میباشد. در این مقاله، یک مدا غیر خطی برای رتبه بندی DMU کارآمد مبتنی بر به حداقل رساندن انحراف مطلق میانگین وزن ها معرفی کردیم و سپس ما مدل غیر خطی به یک فرم برنامخ ریزی خطی تبدیل کردیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - رتبه بندی DMU ها کارآمد با استفاده از نرم بی نهایت و مجازی DMU ناکارا در DEA
شکراله زیاری مناف شریف زادهدر بسیاری از موارد کاربردی، رتبه بندی واحدهای تصمیم گیری (DMUها) یک روش کار فنی بسیار مشکل ساز برای تصمیم گیرندگان در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) محسوب می شود، بویژه زمانی که DMUهای بسیار کارآمد وجود دارد. در چنین مواردی بسیاری از مدل های DEA ممکن است نمره کارآیی مشابهی ر Moreدر بسیاری از موارد کاربردی، رتبه بندی واحدهای تصمیم گیری (DMUها) یک روش کار فنی بسیار مشکل ساز برای تصمیم گیرندگان در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) محسوب می شود، بویژه زمانی که DMUهای بسیار کارآمد وجود دارد. در چنین مواردی بسیاری از مدل های DEA ممکن است نمره کارآیی مشابهی را برای DMUهای مختلف دریافت کنند. از اینرو، توجه ها به تکنیک های رتبه بندی درحال افزایش است. هدف از این مقاله رتبه بندی DMUهای بسیار کارآمد در DEA براساس بهره برداری از روش leave-one out و به حداقل رساندن حداکثر فاصله بین DMU تحت ارزیابی و کارآیی مرزی در جهات ورودی و خروجی می باشد. روش پیشنهادی توانسته است تا بر فقدان عدم امکان پذیری و نامحدودی (بی کرانی) در برخی از روشهای رتبه بندی DEA غلبه کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - On solving possibilistic multi- objective De Novo linear programming
Hamiden Khalifa -
Open Access Article
326 - ارتقاء واحدهای ناکارا (با داده های منفی) در جهت وزن های مشترک در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
حسین عباسیانهدف اصلی این مقاله، ارتقا و بهبود واحد های ناکارا به وسیله ی وزنهای مشترک به دست آمده از همه ی واحدهای مورد مطالعه می باشد. در واقع وزن های مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که شامل داده های منفی است را به وسیله حل یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی به دست می آوریم و بردار وزن ها را به عنو Moreهدف اصلی این مقاله، ارتقا و بهبود واحد های ناکارا به وسیله ی وزنهای مشترک به دست آمده از همه ی واحدهای مورد مطالعه می باشد. در واقع وزن های مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که شامل داده های منفی است را به وسیله حل یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی به دست می آوریم و بردار وزن ها را به عنوان جهتی در نظر می گیریم که واحدهای ناکارا در آن مسیر ارتقا می یابند. روش شناسی این تحقیق به این صورت است که، مدل شعاعی نیمه ماهیتی را مد نظر قرار دهیم و می خواهیم از دوال این مدل برای یافتن وزنهای مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که برخی از آنها منفی هستند، استفاده کنیم. برای این منظور یک مسأله چندهدفه ی تولید وزنهای مشترک ارائه می دهیم و برنامه ریزی آرمانی را برای حل آن بکار می بریم که این منجر به تولید یک مسأله ی غیرخطی می شود که برای این مسأله ی خاص، توسط یک روش خطی سازی، آنرا به یک مسأله ی برنامه ریزی خطی تبدیل می کنیم. چون شرط لازم و کافی برای کرانداری مدل شعاعی نیمه ماهیتی در ماهیت ورودی (خروجی) این است که یک ورودی (خروجی) با حداقل یک مقدار مثبت موجود باشد، پس ما این شرط را در اینجا رعایت می کنیم. سرانجام روشمان را با ذکر یک مثال، بیشتر توضیح می دهیم و نکته قابل توجه در روش ارتقا دادن در تحقیق حاضر این است که داده ای منفی به صورت داده ای منفی ارتقا و بهبود می یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Using lexicographic parametric programming for identifying efficient hyperpalnes in DEA
فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی ف. رضایی بالف A. تقوی -
Open Access Article
328 - Comparison of Different Lactation Curve Models to Describe Lactation Curve in Moroccan Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows
I. BoujenaneIn this study, the incomplete gamma function, an exponential function, a mixed-log function and a polynomial function were evaluated to describe the lactation curve in Moroccan Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Data from 1990 to 1999, comprising 77130 monthly milk yields of MoreIn this study, the incomplete gamma function, an exponential function, a mixed-log function and a polynomial function were evaluated to describe the lactation curve in Moroccan Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Data from 1990 to 1999, comprising 77130 monthly milk yields of 6029 dairy cows in 280 dairy herds, were used. Edits were carried out by considering the lactation length (5 d and Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Estimation of Krieger Regional Coefficient in Mountainous Areas
rohoullah mohtashamzadeh sajad mashali Bfhrooz DahanzadehIran has different climatic conditions due to its climatic characteristics. These climatic differences necessitate a suitable hydrological study in each region. Lorestan province, due to its mountainousness, is more humid than other parts. Therefore, this region is more MoreIran has different climatic conditions due to its climatic characteristics. These climatic differences necessitate a suitable hydrological study in each region. Lorestan province, due to its mountainousness, is more humid than other parts. Therefore, this region is more favorable for flood occurrence and requires specific hydrological studies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Krieger regional coefficient in mountainous areas. Therefore, based on the latest statistics published by the provincial water company, the statistics of the maximum instantaneous flow rates of 24 hydrometric stations were obtained in different parts of the province .The area of the studied watersheds varied from 9550 km2 (Kashkan Poldokhtar) to 35 km2 (small plumber). The results of this study showed that the range of Chigger coefficients in Lorestan province catchment areas is much lower than the cultivars that have been recommended so far. Also, with the increase of the return period, the Krieger coefficient increases in mountainous regions with higher trend than arid regions. This issue should be considered in the planning and management of quantitative water resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Trapezoidal Weir Guide Vanes Conduct the Discharge Coefficient
Mohammad Montazemian Ebrahim Nohani Mohammad HeydarnejadImportant labyrinth spillway of hydraulic structures to regulate and control the flow of water in canals, rivers and reservoirs dams are considered important. Labyrinth spillway by increasing the length of the spillway crest on the slope in a given headwater they will i MoreImportant labyrinth spillway of hydraulic structures to regulate and control the flow of water in canals, rivers and reservoirs dams are considered important. Labyrinth spillway by increasing the length of the spillway crest on the slope in a given headwater they will increase the current carrying capacity. The main objective of this study is the effect of different screen angle and height of directorial on discharge coefficient on trapezoid labyrinth spillway. For this purpose, after doing dimensional analysis by Buckingham method, the relationship resulted in the discharge coefficient (Cd) function of parameters such as the angle of the blades (θ), blades height (hb) and hydraulic load ratio was to spillway height (H0⁄P). The present research experiments have been done on a flume was of 12m, a width of 30cm and a height of 50cm. the results showed that the rise directorial blade angle for a constant and fixed height (7/5, 15, 22/5) led to the discharge coefficient for all the hydraulic load decreases, the reason for this increase confusion and turbulence in the flow lines over spillway and followed by abnormality in bleeding time is different for hydraulic loads ratio the highest spillway discharge coefficient is an spillway with 30 degree angle blades. The results showed that the increasing discharge coefficient of a spillway control to a spillway was a height of 7/5 and 15cm blade respectively. In other words, the ultimate increase of a discharge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Investigation Effective Factors On Energy Depreciation Of Stepped Spillways
saeed razmara Abbas mansoriIn recent decades, stepped spillways have been a significant role in this case.. This research is based on The flow energy calculated on these edged steps and simple steps in nappe flow and skimming flow regimes. Difference in height, width and edge slopes will determin MoreIn recent decades, stepped spillways have been a significant role in this case.. This research is based on The flow energy calculated on these edged steps and simple steps in nappe flow and skimming flow regimes. Difference in height, width and edge slopes will determine the effects of each of these parameters on energy dissipation ratio And then the analysis of sixteen model with different geometries were conducted by Gambit and Fluent software for two discharges ٣/٦ lit/s (nappe flow) and ٢٥ litr/s (skimming flow) by the total of ٣٢ models. And with regard to the results achieved, the influence of the edge for nappe flow has been regarded according to Chamani and Rajaratnani equations. With regard to the results, it is suggested that the existence of the edge at the step end can be enhanced the energy dissipation ratio along the stepped chute. Of course the ratio of this effect in flow and skimming regimes are not the same and these effects are decreased by increasing of discharge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Roughness and Broad Crested Weir Height on Discharge Coefficient
Ebrahim Nohani amin mohebizadehIn many water supply and energy projects, such as dams, releasing of a certain flow rate and development of a structure for discharging excessive capacity over a specific time is essential. The structures which are responsible for such task are called weir structure. Su MoreIn many water supply and energy projects, such as dams, releasing of a certain flow rate and development of a structure for discharging excessive capacity over a specific time is essential. The structures which are responsible for such task are called weir structure. Such weirs possess high complexity and it is so important to analyze their hydraulic parameters, especially with the use of physical and hydraulic models. Broad crested weirs are extensive used in water transfer system as a tool for measuring the intensity of the stream and controlling water level, due to their economic-effectiveness during construction. With regard to the abundant applications of broad crested weirs, applying any modification on dimension of the sections of these weirs will make these tools more effective in terms of economic. In the present research, the optimum discharge coefficient of the flow was computed by performing experimental studies on the various models. Moreover, variation of discharge coefficient, Froude Number, Upper water level and other hydraulic parameters were simulated using a physical model of broad crested weirs fabricated in hydraulic laboratory and by applying variations on height of the weirs and installing roughness on crown surface. Totally, 75 tests were performed and the results showed that increase in weir crown surface roughness, the discharge coefficient decreases up to 10 percent. Also, the discharge rate increases up to 22 percent, with increase of weir height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Experimental Investigation of The Effect of Number and Angle of Anti-Vortex Piers on Submergence Threshold in Square and Circular Morning Glory Spillways
Seyyed Reza Mousavi Adel Barati Amir Abbas KamanbedastMorning glory spillway, is one of the spillways and used when it is not possible to use any other spillways. With the onset of Submergence and flow Loss, and circulation flows intensify, Spillway performance decrease severely and the height of water in the reservoir inc MoreMorning glory spillway, is one of the spillways and used when it is not possible to use any other spillways. With the onset of Submergence and flow Loss, and circulation flows intensify, Spillway performance decrease severely and the height of water in the reservoir increases and Risk of dam damage, caused by the lack of spillway ability of great flow discharge, rises. The increase of the Submergence threshold provide ability of greater flow discharging, without Spillway submergence and its negative consequences. Anti-vortex piers, in addition to correcting circulation and vortexes, may also be effective in increasing the Submergence threshold. To investigate the effect of Anti-vortex piers on submergence threshold, 199 experiments were performed with the physical model on spillways with square and circular inlet section in different modes of number and angle of anti-vortex piers. Results show that in the square spillway, increasing the number (Best mode, 8 piers) or decreasing the angle of Anti-vortex piers (Best mode, 30o), increase the Submergence. In the circular spillway, increasing the number (Best mode, 8 piers) or the angle of Anti-vortex piers (Best mode, 90o), increase the Submergence. At all modes of numbers and angles of piers increasing of submergence threshold in the circular spillway is more than square spillway, But submergence threshold values at all modes in the square spillway is greather. Also, in both spillways the angle of piers more than the number of them affect the submergence threshold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Evaluation of Different Estimation Methods of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Their Comparison with the Pan Evaporation Method case study: Islamabad-Gharb Area عنوان کوتاه
mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresp MoreAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresponding to the moisture index of management Allowed Deficit (MAD) in soil. This study was conducted for evaluation different reference evapotranspiration models in Islamabad-Gharb area. for this purpose, the monthly data of Islamabad-Gharb synoptic Meteorology stations during a period of 30-year (1394-1364)were used. After restruction of the missed data and verification of the reference stations, values of the evapotranspiration were calculated with 9 valied formulas using REF-ET software. In order to determine the best method, the output values of the models were compared with evaporation pan data, using some statistical criterio. According to the results, the highest correlation coeficient (r=0.99) was obtained between the output data of the Blaney- Cradle model and evaporation pan. Also the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) values of 22.2 (mm/day) and 24.42 (mm/day) were belogend to the models of torque and Blaney- Cradle, respectively. Furthermore the highest efficiency (EF) value(0.93) was obtained for the both models of Blaney- Cradle and torque. Hence by considering the resulted minimum mean percentage error (MAPE) value (0.01) for Blaney-Cradle, this model was proposed as the most suitable model for application in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Measuring the incremental coefficient of water and sewage effluent and its applications in predicting the rotational economy of water for intermediate consumption and final demand based on the input-output table model
kourosh javadi pashakiFrom demand perspective, water is an essential and irreplaceable commodity in the household basket and production intermediate demand in the economic sectors. In economics, the price of a commodity depends on the final demand for it but this issue is not the same for wa MoreFrom demand perspective, water is an essential and irreplaceable commodity in the household basket and production intermediate demand in the economic sectors. In economics, the price of a commodity depends on the final demand for it but this issue is not the same for water due to its low price. All the economic sectors are dependent on water and no sector can operate and offer services without it. Water is in close contact with environment. The economy based on recirculating of water and use of sewage effluent in the manufacturing sector leads to decrease in usage of underground water. This paper uses the statistics of water accounting and based on the input-output tables, calculates the incremental coefficient of sewage effluent, surface water, underground water, Water abstraction from the sea, and usage of water in industrial units in different sectors of economy and predicts the amount of water consumption based on the national economic growth and population growth for the year 1410. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Evaluation of Different Determination Methods of Class A Pan Evaporation Coefficient For Estimation daily Evapotranspiration In Islamabad-Gharb Area
amirhosein nazemi mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniThermal energy in the air, causing the evaporation of water in the hydrosphere Tremblay and This action continues until saturation the air from the water vapor. evaporate maybe accur from surface water or from wet soil or transpiration from the plants. a common method t MoreThermal energy in the air, causing the evaporation of water in the hydrosphere Tremblay and This action continues until saturation the air from the water vapor. evaporate maybe accur from surface water or from wet soil or transpiration from the plants. a common method to estimate ( ) is using class A pan Evaporation, In this case, multiplying of evaporation from class A pan Evaporation in pan coefficient (Kp) can be achieved (ET0). Pan coefficient (Kp) depends on the location and weather conditions. There are several ways to estimate evaporation pan Coefficient that in all of them is used from daily mean of wind speed (U), relative humidity (H) and the cover (F). The purpose of this research is to find the best evaporation pan coefficient method in Islamabad-Gharb Area, between empirical methods Doorenbos And Pruitt (1977), the Cuenca (1989), the Allen and Pruitt (1991), Model Schneider (1992), model Pereira et al. (1995), the Orang (1998) and the FAO 56 (Allen et al. (1998)) according to the data of meteorological stations Islamabad-Gharb and Compare them with Kp values obtained by dividing the . The values of ET0 are extracted from the lysimetric data from 1395. The results showed that Orang model with a correlation coefficient of 0.99, the root mean square difference of 0.008, efficiency or performance of 0.98 and the mean percentage error (0.003) is much less than other methods shows better and The coefficient of determination show the suitability of the Orang method (0.98). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Laboratory study of the interaction of convection and congressional overflow in underpasses on the flow rate of overflow in open and submerged states
roozbeh riazi Maryam khanbabWeirs are hydraulic structures used to control the water level in canals and rivers, and when the water reaches the height of the weirs, they start working and draw water out of the system. This laboratory study analyzes hydraulic changes on four types of congressional MoreWeirs are hydraulic structures used to control the water level in canals and rivers, and when the water reaches the height of the weirs, they start working and draw water out of the system. This laboratory study analyzes hydraulic changes on four types of congressional series with different lengths (L / P) in free and submerged flow modes. Also, the effect of Calvert placement downstream of the overflow at three distances (d / p = 0.2,0.4,0.6) on the upstream and downstream flow characteristics were investigated, and the results showed that in all four types of the congressional weir, with increasing The hydraulic load ratio increases to about h_0 / P = 0.1 of the flow rate and in this ratio reaches its value and then decreases after this value. Also, the immersion threshold increases with increasing overflow length (L / P). (t / h) ^ * also increases. Relatively longer overflow in the congressional mode than the sharp-edged overflow improves the coefficient of run and, on the other hand, increases the immersion threshold. The results showed that the Calvert at a distance closer to the overflow could affect the characteristics of the flow after the overflow due to the formation of the first wave passing through the overflow (Xw) and increased the flow after the overflow in the submerged state and increased. Immersion threshold and increase immersion ratio (t / h). Moreover, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Flow rate coefficient in jap weir single-cycle by CFD
Farhad Misaghi Alireza Seddigh AmirHossein AmaniLabyrinth weir are a kind of multi-dimensional weirs that cause passing flow increment with two dimensions. This kind has more effective length than usual sharp tip weirs. In this regard, they can pass more flow than usual weirs for channel with similar width and height MoreLabyrinth weir are a kind of multi-dimensional weirs that cause passing flow increment with two dimensions. This kind has more effective length than usual sharp tip weirs. In this regard, they can pass more flow than usual weirs for channel with similar width and height. In this study, effective geometrical parameters on single cycle labyrinth weir flow coefficient are measured by means of FLUENT software in three-dimensional way. To model turmoil, k-Ɛ model RNG method and to position free surface profile, VOF method are used. The results of numerical models are compared with those of rectangular weirs with same width. The results for specific H/P show that vertex angle increases with flow coefficient increase and rectangular weir performance of same width is less than single cycle labyrinth weirs, since in same width channel the interference of abscission blades is more severe than single cycle labyrinth weir and such an interference in vertex causes the flow coefficient decrease comparing with single cycle labyrinth weir. Moreover, single cycle labyrinth weir in less hydraulic loads has appropriate performance and ascending trend of flow coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Investigation of water head variation& relation to empirical Coefficient n of Stepped short Shaft Spill way
roozbeh AGHA MAJIDI mohammad nasre. isfahaniThese spillways (Stepped shaft spillways) pass more flow discharges through themselves in comparison to smooth spillways theoretically. Therefore knowing of flow behavior of these Spillways, help using better and more efficiently. Moreover, using vortex breaker has grea MoreThese spillways (Stepped shaft spillways) pass more flow discharges through themselves in comparison to smooth spillways theoretically. Therefore knowing of flow behavior of these Spillways, help using better and more efficiently. Moreover, using vortex breaker has great effect on passing Flow through Shaft Spillway. For using more efficiently, the risk of flow water head on the crest decreases to less than fluid vapor water head on the crest , called cavitation’s, should be prevented as far as possible. At this research, it has been tried to study different behavior of Stepped chamber and different vortex breaker shapes on spillway flow. From the viewpoint of the effects of flow regime changes on spillway, changes of step dimensions, and the change of type of flow range will Studied Effectively. And finally the best the relation between water head on the crest and Discharge Coefficient are determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - A Hybrid of Genetic Algorithm and Gaussian Mixture Model for Features Reduction and Detection of Vocal Fold Pathology
Vahid Majidnezhad Igor Kheidorov -
Open Access Article
341 - Feasibility Study on the Civil Development Coefficient in Villages of Garmi's County
Hossein Nazmfar Saredeh Alavi Ali EshghiIdentifying resources and existing potentials, is the first step in each planning. Without specifying the sources, it would not be possible to identify the parameters related to regional planning. Natural and human factors are major barriers in developing regions. Given MoreIdentifying resources and existing potentials, is the first step in each planning. Without specifying the sources, it would not be possible to identify the parameters related to regional planning. Natural and human factors are major barriers in developing regions. Given that natural factors are somewhat out of control, the human factor and human decisions are the most important factor in development. Human decisions can only guarantee growth and development of the status quo have sufficient knowledge of the region. Hence, the present study aimed at feasibility of the civil development coefficient in villages of Garmi's county and was done using coefficient of development capability technique. With regard to factors examined, the dominant approach in this research was descriptive-analysis. Population in this study were villages with more than 300 inhabitants in Grammy city. Indices were included the demographic situation, health, Cultural and sports, education, administrative, infrastructure, services and trade, communication and transportation. The results showed that the villages Ghareaghaj and Lekvan had extremely high and extremely low civil development coefficient 6.667 and 0.108, respectively. Totally, of 45 villages studied, of 18, 20, 6, 1 had civil development coefficient extremely low, low, high and extremely high, correspondingly. Finally, using the scattering coefficient, the civil development coefficient of triple parts of Garmi's county was calculated which based on Anguti, Moran and Central regions with ranks 1.46, 0.654, 0.556 were stood in first and three status, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - درخت سرو نقرهای (Cupressus arizonica Greene) به عنوان زیست ردیاب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در اتمسفر اصفهان
مهدی زارع مریم صنعتگر رضا فاطمی طلبدرخت سرو نقرهای با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوهای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت میشود. یکی از جدیدترین راههای شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کنندههای محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونهها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در Moreدرخت سرو نقرهای با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوهای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت میشود. یکی از جدیدترین راههای شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کنندههای محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونهها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در اصفهان در ماههای شهریور، آذر و اسفند به دست آمد. غلظتهای روی، نیکل و مس در برگ و ریشه توسط اسپکتروفتومتر جذب اتمی اندازهگیری شد. تنوع بین صفات مورد مطالعه بین سایتها و فصول، ناشی از فعالیتهای مختلف انسانی در محیط بود. غلظت فلزات سنگین در برگها نسبت به ریشهها در همه مکانها بیشتر بود که نشاندهنده سهم معنیدار ذخایر جوی بود. نتایج حاصل از ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که سایتها تحت تأثیر منابع مختلف آلودگی قرار گرفتند. وجود ضریب همبستگی مثبت بین عناصر روی و مس، نشان دهنده منابع تولیدکننده همانند است که همان سوخت خودروها و استفاده از ترمز در وسایل نقلیه است. میانگین مقادیر فلزات به صورت زیر بود: نیکل> مس> روی. میزان روی در برگ و ریشه در سایت شاهد متوسط بود که نشاندهنده این است که ترافیک وسایل نقلیه منبع ناچیزی برای آلودگی روی بود و ممکن است منبع دیگری مثل فعالیتهای صنعتی دخیل باشد. نتایج نشان داد که درخت سرو نقرهای زیست ردیاب مناسبی برای آلودگی جوی اصفهان میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Rice Farmers' Technical Efficiency and Level of Poverty: Evidence from the Anchor Borrower Program (ABP)
Kafayat Belewu Abraham Ajao Ayinde Ezekiel -
Open Access Article
344 - Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Comparison of Native Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Mazandaran Climatic Conditions
Mohammad Reza Jafari Telobaghi Morteza Sam Darili Pouria Mazloum Valiollah Rameeh Morteza Moballeghi In order to investigate the adaptation of native rice genotypes to Mazandaran climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design with four replications in in two regions of Mazandaran province More In order to investigate the adaptation of native rice genotypes to Mazandaran climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design with four replications in in two regions of Mazandaran province (Amol Rice Research Institute and Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources) during 2016-2017. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the locations of experiment only in terms of panicle length and number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, while there was a significant difference among genotypes and genotype × environment interaction for all studied traits. Results of correlation coefficients of the traits showed that panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle and number of fertile tillers per hill had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield. For the 30 genotypes studied, three clusters were found that the third cluster genotypes, including Gardeh and Zire Bandpey with higher grain yield in the two studied regions showed more adaptation to Mazandaran climatic conditions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Effect of Seedling Age and Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Heart Province- Afghanistan
Hamid Allah Naseri Seyed Mohsen Nabavi Kalat2* Reza Sadrabadi HaghighiIn order to study effect of seedling age and plant density on yield and yield components of rice (Sadri cultivar), a field experiment was conducted at the Ordukhan Agricultural Research Center, Heart Province - Afghanistan (Geographical longitude: 62°11'29" east and MoreIn order to study effect of seedling age and plant density on yield and yield components of rice (Sadri cultivar), a field experiment was conducted at the Ordukhan Agricultural Research Center, Heart Province - Afghanistan (Geographical longitude: 62°11'29" east and geographical latitude: 34°20'35" north) during the cropping season 2017-2018. The experiment was laid out in complete block design with three replications. Seeding ages with three levels (20, 30 and 40 days) were considered as main plots and plant densities with four levels (13, 17, 22 and 33 plants/m2) were allocated as sub plots. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of seedling age on number of tillers per plant, numbers of grains per panicle and grain yield was significant. The plant density had significant effect on all traits (expect, 1000grains weight). Interaction of two factors had no significant effect on any of the traits. The means comparison showed that the highest of number grains per panicle and grain yield were obtained for 30 days seedling age. Also, the highest of number of tiller per plant, number of fertile tiller per plant, number of grains per panicle and percent of unfilled grain were obtained by 13 plants per m2. But the highest biological yield, harvest index (HI) and grain yield obtained by 33 plants per m2. Based on simple correlation coefficient of traits, grain yield had significant positive correlation with biological yield, number fertile tiller per plant and number grains per panicle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Determining some of the effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress in greenhouse conditions
zahra Abedi Hamid Najafi Zarrini Mostafa Emadi Nadali BagheriSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sc MoreSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. Treatments consisted of four soybean genotypes (Hill, Dayr, Ford and Williams), three levels of sulfur (control, 5 and 10 grams of sulfur powder) and three levels of salinity (control, 4 and 8 dS/m). Analysis of variance showed that simple effects of sulfur, genotype, salinity and interaction between sulfur and salinity were significant at 0.01 probability level. Correlation coefficients between studied traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and all traits except for the Na+/K+ ratio. By using stepwise regression analysis in the control treatment, sulfur content, in 4 ds/m salinity, traits of Na+ percentage, fresh weight of shoot and seed protein percentage, and in salinity of 8 ds/m seed number per plant were entered in model. path analysis of grain yield showed the highest positive direct effect in the control, second level and the third level of salinity were sulfur content, Na+ and number of seeds per plant, respectively. The results of this study showed that the traits of sulfur content, Na+ percentage, fresh weight and protein percentage are the scales related to grain yield, which can be used as an indirect selection scale for genetic improvement of yield in saline regeneration programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - soft ware design and the non verbal communication alteration Iranian users
Hana Naserzadeh seyed mohamad dadgaran afsaneh mozaffariThis essay is about to shed light on the main factor of “designe” as plasy the pivotal role in the way users of networked media interact in this field and with the other users or third parties, involved in them. When it comes to term of” designe” MoreThis essay is about to shed light on the main factor of “designe” as plasy the pivotal role in the way users of networked media interact in this field and with the other users or third parties, involved in them. When it comes to term of” designe” essentially the soft ware planning crosses to the mind and in this regard several defenitions emerge. By this research, the Iranian users have bben studies thotuought the profound interview and compatative methods of accessing their tendencies and reasons toward their interaction in two main sites of the tweeter and the face book. Hence, their respounces and data sheets have been analysed closely among 50 accepted ones to sume up with an idea, that designe factor is more important than ever and beyond what has been assumed so far. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - ارزیابی توزیع درآمد در استان زنجان (مطالعه موردی خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان ابهر)
Mostafa Teimoori Nina Rajaee Mohammad hadi Hajian هدف پژوه حاضر ارزیابی توزیع درآمد در خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان ابهر استان زنجان می باشد، بدین منظور از آمار هزینه - درآمد خانوارهای مناطق روستایی شهرستان ابهر موجود در مرکز آمار ایران استفاده شد، این اطلاعات با استفاده از تکنیک هایی نظیر ضریب جینی، مقایسه ی More هدف پژوه حاضر ارزیابی توزیع درآمد در خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان ابهر استان زنجان می باشد، بدین منظور از آمار هزینه - درآمد خانوارهای مناطق روستایی شهرستان ابهر موجود در مرکز آمار ایران استفاده شد، این اطلاعات با استفاده از تکنیک هایی نظیر ضریب جینی، مقایسه ی دهک ها، مقایسه ی پنجک ها ومحاسبه ی نسبت های درآمدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند، نتایج آمار توصیفی تحقیق نشان داد که میانگین سن افراد مورد مطالعه 8/49 سال بوده، بیشترین فراوانی مربوط به گروه سنی 31 تا 40 سال و کمترین فراوانی مربوط یه گروه سنی 51-60 سال بوده است، 2/87 درصد سرپرستان خانوارها مرد و 10 نفر آن ها زن بوده اند ، 8/80 درصد سرپرستان خانوار، دارای همسر و مابقی فاقد همسر بوده­اند، نتایج تحلیلی تحقیق نشان می­دهد 20 درصد غنی­ترین خانوارهای جامعه روستایی شهرستان ابهر بیش از نیمی از درآمدها را دارا بوده­اند، 4 دهک فقیر، کمتر از 10 درصد درآمد را صاحب شده­اند. غنی­ترین دهک کشاورز حدود 28 برابر ضعیف­ترین دهک و غنی­ترین دهک غیرکشاورز بیش از 74 برابر ضعیف­ترین دهک صاحب درآمد بوده­اند. همجنین نتایج نشان داد که توزیع درآمد در بین خانوارهای کشاورز نسبت به خانوارهای غیرکشاورز شرایط مناسب­تری داشته به طوری که ضریب جینی در بین خانوارهای کشاورز 55/0 و در بین خانوارهای غیرکشاورز 56/0 بوده است، نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان می­دهد که بین سن سرپرست خانوارهای مورد مطالعه و هزینه ناخالص سالانه آنها رابطه آماری معنی­داری منفی در سطح 5 درصد خطا وجود داشته ولی بین سطح تحصیلات سرپرست خانوارهای مورد مطالعه با هزینه ناخالص سالانه آنها ارتباط معنی­دار مثبت در سطح 1 درصد خطا وجود داشته است، نتایج آزمون­های مقایسه میانگین نشان می­دهد بین هزینه سالانه خانوارهای با سرپرست زن و مرد و خانوارهای با وضعیت زناشویی مختلف، تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - طراحی مدل بازاریابی کارآفرینانه در صنایع خدماتی و تبدیلی
مسعود تقی زاده نرگس دل افروز علی قلی پور سلیمانی وحید حقیقت دوستی سیارهدف رساله حاضر آن است که با کنکاشی نوپردازانه و ایجاد همگرایی موثر بین دوحوزه بازاریابی و کارآفرینی به تبیین چگونگی و چیستی مفهوم نوظهور بازاریابی کارآفرینانه پرداخته و با پیشنهاد چهارچوبی منطقی و فرایندگرا ، به طراحی مدل بازاریابی کارآفرینانه در صنایع خدماتی و تبدیلی ب Moreهدف رساله حاضر آن است که با کنکاشی نوپردازانه و ایجاد همگرایی موثر بین دوحوزه بازاریابی و کارآفرینی به تبیین چگونگی و چیستی مفهوم نوظهور بازاریابی کارآفرینانه پرداخته و با پیشنهاد چهارچوبی منطقی و فرایندگرا ، به طراحی مدل بازاریابی کارآفرینانه در صنایع خدماتی و تبدیلی بپردازد.صنایع خدماتی و تبدیلی که منابع بسیاری را از طریق ارائه خدمات و بهینه­سازی آن به مشتریان جذب می­کنند، می­توانند عامل موثری در رشد اقتصادی کشور به شمار آیند. با توجه به اهمیت صنایع و افزایش روزافزون رقابت­پذیری در میان آنها، بازاریابی کارآفرینانه نقش بسیار به­سزایی را در رسیدن به اهداف سازمانی و کسب بیشترین سود در صنعت ایفا می­کند. پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش تحقیق ، کیفی است و بـرای تحلیـل ادبیـات پـژوهش از روش فراترکیب استفاده شده است ، سپس با استفاده از روش دلفی دو مرحله­ای، نظـرات خبرگـان صنعت و کارآفرینان براساس مقوله­ها و مفاهیم طبقه بندی شده و در نهایت براس سنجش همبستگی آماری میان متغیرها از ضریب کندال و برای قابلیت اعتماد اندازه گیری ها از شاخص درصد توافق استفاده شده است . نتـایج نشـان می دهـد مـدل بازاریـابی کارآفرینانه در این صنایع از سه مقوله عوامـل ایجادکننـده (عوامـل زمینه­ای، علی و محیطی)، ابعاد (دیدگاه­های مشتری محوری، خلاقیت، ریسک­پذیری، نوآوری، بازارمحوری و ایجاد فرصت) و پیامدها تشکیل شده است و تمامی عوامل با درصد توافق بالا بر بازاریابی کارآفرینانه در صنایع خدماتی و تبدیلی مؤثر بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - نابرابری مصرف در خانوار روستایی ایران
علیرضا کیخا محمد جواد خسروسرشکیاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نابرابری مصرف خانوارهای روستایی ایران و تعیین عوامل موثر بر آن انجام شده است. ابتدا نابرابری مصرف را با استفاده از آمار درآمد و هزینه خانوار منتشر شده توسط مرکز آمار ایران در سال 1398 اندازه گیری می کنیم و سپس تأثیر عوامل جمعیت شناختی مهم خانوار Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نابرابری مصرف خانوارهای روستایی ایران و تعیین عوامل موثر بر آن انجام شده است. ابتدا نابرابری مصرف را با استفاده از آمار درآمد و هزینه خانوار منتشر شده توسط مرکز آمار ایران در سال 1398 اندازه گیری می کنیم و سپس تأثیر عوامل جمعیت شناختی مهم خانوار از جمله جنسیت، تحصیلات و نسل سرپرستان خانوار را بر نابرابری مصرف با استفاده از تحلیل ضریب جینی و رگرسیون چندکی مورد محاسبه قرار می­دهیم. تحلیل ضریب جینی نشان داد که گروه سنی و نسل سرپرستان خانوار در مقایسه با سایر ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی، بیانگر بهتری از نابرابری مشاهده شده در خانوارهای مورد مطالعه است. استفاده از رگرسیون کوانتایل برای بررسی اثرات نامتقارن عوامل جمعیتی مذکور بر توزیع مصرف سرانه خانوارها نشان داد که بخشهای مختلف توزیع مخارج مصرفی به صورت نامتقارن به این عوامل پاسخ میدهند. درآمد خانوار تأثیر مثبتی بر توزیع مخارج مصرفی خانوار دارد، با این حال، اندازه اثر آن در سمت راست توزیع 60 درصد بزرگتر از سمت چپ است. اگر سرپرست خانوار زن باشد، یک میلیون و سیصد هزار تومان از سرانه مخارج خانوار نسبت به خانوار با سرپرست مرد کاسته می شود که علامت این ضریب در چندک­های مختلف منفی است با اینکه اندازه آنها متفاوت است. در نهایت، خانوارهای دارای تحصیلات عالی یا ردههای سنی بالاتر، میانگین هزینههای سرانه بیشتری نسبت به سرپرستان کم تحصیلات یا جوانتر دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Size Distribution of Income among Rice-Based Farming Households in South Eastern States of Nigeria
Chikezie, C Ibekwe U.C Ohajianya D.O Orebiyi, J.S OguomaN. N Obasi, P.C Henri-Ukoha, A Emenyonu, C.A Nwaiwu, I.UThe study was designed to investigate the income distribution among rice-based farming households in Okigwe Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 120 rice-based farmers was selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a well structu MoreThe study was designed to investigate the income distribution among rice-based farming households in Okigwe Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 120 rice-based farmers was selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a well structured questionnaire administered to 120 randomly selected rice farmers. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Gini-coefficient model was also employed. The socio-economic characteristic of the farmers revealed that majority of the farmers were educated. Besides, majority of them also had appreciable experience in rice farming which makes them better rice farmers. It was revealed that income share percentage of the richest households was 17.65% followed by the second richest group with income share percentage of 13.27%. Those in the twelfth decile represented the poorest group with a cumulative share percentage 2.82%. The Gini-coefficient of distribution of 0.32 showed that incomes were not highly concentrated but varied around the low per capita of N1442, 859 per household. It becomes imperative therefore to enhance farmers’ income through a sustainable improved technology in rice farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Estimation of Potential Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient of Wheat at Rupandehi District of Nepal
Govinda BhandariThis study is carried out to estimate the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and crop coefficient (Kc) for Wheat, BL 3235 variety. A lysimeter is installed to estimate PET at the experimental farm of Agricultural Research Center of Bhairahawa, which is located in wester MoreThis study is carried out to estimate the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and crop coefficient (Kc) for Wheat, BL 3235 variety. A lysimeter is installed to estimate PET at the experimental farm of Agricultural Research Center of Bhairahawa, which is located in western part of Nepal. The Blaney-Criddle formula is used to estimate the Kc for wheat. The estimated values of PET and Kc for wheat at the four crop growth stages (initial, crop development, mid-season/reproductive and late season/maturity) are 3.5 cm, 7.82 cm, 11.3 cm, 1.16 cm and 0.34, 0.67, 0.73, 0.06 respectively. The total value of PET and average value of Kc for Wheat is 23.78 cm and 0.45. Aridity index (AI), the ratio of precipitation to PET, is an important parameter to determine the dryness of a region. The average value of AI at the Wheat growing season (January to April, 2011) in Bhairahawa is 0.39, and is classified as a semiarid region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Estimation of Potential Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient of Maize at Rupandehi District of Nepal
Govinda BhandariThis study was conducted to determine the potential evapotranspiration (PET) of maize, the crop coefficient (Kc) under full water requirement as well as the cause of decrease in maize yield. It was determined that the seasonal PET of maize is about 486.6 mm. The Kc unde MoreThis study was conducted to determine the potential evapotranspiration (PET) of maize, the crop coefficient (Kc) under full water requirement as well as the cause of decrease in maize yield. It was determined that the seasonal PET of maize is about 486.6 mm. The Kc under full water supply was found to be: 0.11, 0.35, 1.51 and 0.34 for initial, development, midseason and the late season stages respectively. The study also revealed that maintenance of sufficient moisture need of maize has a significant effect on growth, development and fruiting of the crop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Evaluation of petrographic number methods efficiency in quality determination of some carbonates rocks
Mojtaba Kamani Rassoul Ajalloeian -
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355 - Estimating of uniaxial compressive strength by using point load index for travertine rock of Mahallat
Saied Dehghan Ghasem Sattari -
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356 - A new robust counterpart model for uncertain linear programming problems
Hamid Amiri Rasoul Shafaei -
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357 - Location of facilities in the design of the global logistics hub network taking into account the time discount coefficient
Reza Karimi Mehrabadi Emad Roghanian shahnaz piroozfar Amir Abbas Shojaie -
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358 - Multiple Dependent States Repetitive Sampling Control Chart for Monitoring Rayleigh Distributed Data
Srinivasa Rao Gadde Olatunde Adebayo Adeoti -
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359 - Application of TPM indicators for analyzing work time of machines used in the pressure die casting
Stanisław Borkowski Agnieszka Czajkowska Renata Stasiak-Betlejewska Atul B. Borade -
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360 - Ranking efficient DMUs using minimizing distance in DEA
Shokrollah Ziari Sadigh Raissi -
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361 - An L1-norm method for generating all of efficient solutions of multi-objective integer linear programming problem
Ghasem Tohidi Shabnam Razavyan -
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362 - The analysis of residuals variation and outliers to obtain robust response surface
Mahdi Bashiri Amir Moslemi -
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363 - An alternative transformation in ranking using l1-norm in data envelopment analysis
S. Ziari -
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364 - Correlation coefficient of intuitionistic fuzzy sets
W Zeng H Li -
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365 - Evaluation of scheduling solutions in parallel processing using DEA FDH model
GH.R Amin M.S Hosseini Shirvani -
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366 - Practical Engineering Approach for Generating the Torsional Earthquake Excitation from Translational Components
Sandeep C. Potnis Raviji S. Desai I.D Gupta -
Open Access Article
367 - Investigating co-authorship rate of Iranian researchers in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database between 2007-2011
hajar salehi fariba nazariPurpose: This research aims to study the extent of co-authorship of Iranian researchers in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database during 2007-2010. Methodology: Descriptive-analytical method and scientometric tools are applied. Islamic World Scienc MorePurpose: This research aims to study the extent of co-authorship of Iranian researchers in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database during 2007-2010. Methodology: Descriptive-analytical method and scientometric tools are applied. Islamic World Science Citation Database is the research tool, and Excel software is applied to input and compute the data. The research population is all the articles indexed in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database during 2007-2011. Collaborative Index, Degree of Collaboration, and Co-authorship Coefficient for Psychology field were calculated. Findings: The documents with four authors, with 0.32 growth rate, have the most growth in comparison to documents with other co-authorship patterns. Co-authorship Coefficient of authors in the given period is 0.54 and the largest co-authorship Coefficient is related to 2010 with 0.59. The average of Degree of Collaboration in the given period is 0.83. Conclusion: It can be concluded that psychology researchers tend to write articles with the cooperation of other authors, so as the number of psychology articles increases, the number of articles having just one author decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Evaluating the distributive effects of economic misery index in selected Islamic countries (FMOLS approach)
Mohammad Ghaffary Fard Hashem Maleki Nasr Abolhassan Saberi Muhammad IsmailIncome inequality is one of the undesirable phenomena of social life and most of the countries in the world have kept it their main goal to reduce Income inequality. This study is based on the economic impact of the doom index on the distribution of income using data fr MoreIncome inequality is one of the undesirable phenomena of social life and most of the countries in the world have kept it their main goal to reduce Income inequality. This study is based on the economic impact of the doom index on the distribution of income using data from selected Islamic countries (Afghanistan, Albania, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Turkey, Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Uganda) from 2010 to 2018, using panel data approach for variables EViews model is used. This study explains the significant effect of misery index with a coefficient of (0.057) on the Gini coefficient and shows that with a one percent increase in the misery index can increase Gini coefficient by 0.057 percent and increases the class gap in societies. It also shows that Labor productivity with a coefficient of 0.01 has a significant negative effect on the Gini coefficient, which explains the 0.01% decrease in income distribution inequality due to a 1% increase in labor productivity. Therefore, in addition to controlling inflation and unemployment, improving human resource skills, economic policymakers should use incentive mechanisms to develop exports and the effectiveness of governments to reduce the class gap in their societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Investigation of thermophysical properties and rheology of iron-silver-copper metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles based on carbon structure of quantum dots for use in heat transfer systems with turbulent flow regime
Hamid Mousavi , Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaee Ghomshe Alimorad rashidi Masoumeh MirzaeiIn this work, nano-hybrids of iron-carbon quantum dots, silver-carbon quantum dots, and copper– carbon quantum dots were synthesized and prepared by a wet chemical method. After examining their thermal and thermophysical properties, the thermal conductivity (k) wa MoreIn this work, nano-hybrids of iron-carbon quantum dots, silver-carbon quantum dots, and copper– carbon quantum dots were synthesized and prepared by a wet chemical method. After examining their thermal and thermophysical properties, the thermal conductivity (k) was measured and the heat transfer coefficient (h) for turbulent flow was compared. The synthesized samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) stability tests were also performed for the synthesized samples. The prepared carbon quantum dots and hybridized-iron, silver, and copper samples were distributed in the base fluid (water) by ultrasonic probe device. Viscosity and density were examined as a measure of nanoparticle concentration and temperature. Also, the heat capacity of synthesized nanoparticles was measured at different temperatures, but the changes in density and heat capacity at low concentrations of nanoparticles were not significant. Then the thermal conductivity (k) and the heat transfer coefficient (h) were measured to improve the heat transfer by the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and analyzed for three different concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. %. The greatest improvement in thermal conductivity 25 % at a concentration 0.5 wt. % and 45 °C was for hybridized copper nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots. Also, the highest improvement in heat transfer coefficient (h) was reported in Reynolds number 15529 for silver nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots improvement was about 29 %. In addition, copper nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots with a 20 % improvement in transfer heat transfer coefficient reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - The relationship between the shadow economy and income inequality in Iran, a self-explanatory vector approach with wide intervals
Fariba Rashnoo Gholam Ali HajiOne of the most important goals of governments in any economy is to control the income inequality situation, so that in every country, governments are trying to improve the conditions of income distribution according to the factors they have. One of the very important f MoreOne of the most important goals of governments in any economy is to control the income inequality situation, so that in every country, governments are trying to improve the conditions of income distribution according to the factors they have. One of the very important factors that affect income distribution is the shadow economy. As a factor that affects macroeconomic variables, the shadow economy also affects income distribution.Therefore, in this article, the impact of the size of the shadow economy on income inequality in the short and long term periods has been investigated using the panel data econometric method and in the period from 1366 to 1400 in Iran. The results show that the shadow economy has a positive effect (improvement of income distribution) on income distribution in the short term, but this effect is negative in the long term, in other words, the shadow economy has a negative effect on income distribution in the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - The Impact of Negative Income Taxes on Poverty and Inequality in Iran
Farhad Khodadadkashi Yeghaneh Mousavi Jahromi Hasan Aama BandoghraeeIn this article, we try to examine how to eliminate poverty and inequality throughthe negative income tax system. In this study, the rate of poverty and inequality iscalculated through Kakwani poverty indicators and Gini coefficient inequality index,respectively. Negati MoreIn this article, we try to examine how to eliminate poverty and inequality throughthe negative income tax system. In this study, the rate of poverty and inequality iscalculated through Kakwani poverty indicators and Gini coefficient inequality index,respectively. Negative income tax rate (0.5) for the income distance to the povertyline, is considered and the statistical sample of the study includes the cost andincome of 12961 urban households in Iran in 2018. The results of this study showthat the plan to impose a negative income tax (0.5) will reduce the povertycalculated based on the Kakovani index from 0.54 to 0.24 which shows a decreaseof about 0.55%. The Gini coefficient decreases from 0.38 before the policy to 0.17,which means a 55% reduction in inequality. On the other hand, to completelyeradicate poverty in Iran, according to the data of 2018, there must impose anincreased tax rate of 60% on the income surplus of non-poor people up to thepoverty line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Assessment of manning’s resistance coefficient in compound channels
H Hajikandi M Hatami -
Open Access Article
373 - Investigating the Influence of Filter Uniformity Coefficient and Effective Pore Size on Critical Hydraulic Gradient and Maximum Erosion of Dispersive and Non-dispersive Samples
J Bazargan H.R Eskandari -
Open Access Article
374 - Sensitivity Analysis of Mike21-BW Diffraction Model by using Breakwater Reflection Coefficient
H Rabiefar A Akbarpour M Pourlak -
Open Access Article
375 - Determination of discharge coefficient of inbuilt spillway in rock- fill dams
J Bazargan H Zamanisabzi H Hashemi A.R Moazami -
Open Access Article
376 - The Impact of Capital Market Development and Economic Growth on Poverty
BAHMAN khanalizadehEconomic growth and poverty reduction have always been the most important political and economic goals of countries. Because poverty has always been one of the unfavorable economic and social phenomena of different societies throughout human history and is now recognize MoreEconomic growth and poverty reduction have always been the most important political and economic goals of countries. Because poverty has always been one of the unfavorable economic and social phenomena of different societies throughout human history and is now recognized as one of the major problems of world societies. But one of the most important ways to fight poverty is to increase GDP, which can reduce poverty and income inequality in society, but achieving economic growth requires the use of various factors such as capital, manpower, energy and .... Therefore, paying more attention to financial markets, including the stock market and securities, which can be one of the important tools for financing institutions and enterprises, will certainly be able to increase GDP and ultimately lead to poverty reduction. Therefore, in this study, by performing ARDL test, long-term and short-term relationships between stock market development variables (value of exchanges traded, volume of stocks traded on the stock exchange and number of listed companies) and real GDP with Gini coefficient (amount Poverty) in the period 1365-1398 and using annual data in Iran to be examined. Therefore, the results indicate that in the short run and in the long run, the effect of all the variables used on the poverty rate in Iran is negative. Also, the variable of the value of transactions in the stock exchange has had the most negative impact among the variables of financial market development on the poverty rate in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - The study smoothing in listed companies on the Stock Exchange, using the model Eckle (CASE STUDY Tehran Stock Exchange)
taghi torabi samaneh tarighi Hossein soltani nejadInvestors, consumers and financial analysts interested in more information about the companies can be smooth. One of the recent corporate accounting techniques is used to smooth earnings as an earnings management model, which has attracted much attention in the ac MoreInvestors, consumers and financial analysts interested in more information about the companies can be smooth. One of the recent corporate accounting techniques is used to smooth earnings as an earnings management model, which has attracted much attention in the accounting literature. That shows a conscious action by management is to reduce the volatility of profits. We tried to smooth earnings in companies listed on the Stock Exchange will be reviewed. And smoothing it with similar cases in previous years to compare and see how companies have used to smooth earnings. So we tried a nine-year period (1388-1380), we examined smooth. The separation mechanism for companies and non-smooth paved Eckel model (coefficient of variation of spatial distribution of profits to sales) were used. For this purpose, we are smooth at all three levels of net profit. Operating profit and gross profit were studied. And companies that at least one level of profit needed to smooth out and have a smooth profit we introduced with the previous results, comparisons were based on the member firms of the number of companies smoothing 78, and the number of companies was Non-smooth 54. Research shows that the ratio increased slightly but recently realized that the phenomenon of smoothing earnings is given in three levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Investigating the Impact of Audit Quality on the Relationship between Investors’ Emotional Attitudes and Earnings Response Coefficient in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Roya Darabi Zohrehsadat MirtaheriThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of audit quality on the relationship between investors' emotional attitudes and earnings response coefficient in firms admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The spatial domain of this research was the companies li MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of audit quality on the relationship between investors' emotional attitudes and earnings response coefficient in firms admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The spatial domain of this research was the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time zone is the period from 2013 to 2016. In this study, audit quality was considered as a moderating variable and investors’ emotional tendencies as an independent variable and earnings response coefficient as a dependent variable. Based on the screening method, 107 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected as the statistical sample. In the present study, the research method is descriptive-causal and since it can be useful in the process of using information, it is therefore a kind of applied research. Data analysis was also performed using Eviews software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between investors’ emotional tendencies and earnings response coefficient. The quality of auditing affects the relationship between investors’ emotional attitudes and earnings response coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Study of Longshore Currents in the Amirabad Coast
K. Lari A. EbrahimiOne of the most important effects of wave entrance to the shallow waters and sea bed topography on them in coastal zone is wave breaking phenomenon. This process is a crucial factor in production of cross-shore, rip and longshore currents that are generally introduced a MoreOne of the most important effects of wave entrance to the shallow waters and sea bed topography on them in coastal zone is wave breaking phenomenon. This process is a crucial factor in production of cross-shore, rip and longshore currents that are generally introduced as near shore currents. In this research, longshore currents of Amirabad area were considered and then the most appropriate relation was obtained for computation of velocity for these kind of currents. In addition, pattern of the currents were obtained using the field data of waves and currents By using the hydrographic map of the study area and also the slope of the shore and using the data from the buoy in Amirabad station and wave rose fitted coefficient in Amirabad area, velocities of longshore currents were computed in experimental terms. The computed results were then compared (using MATLAB software) with velocities of currents measured by flow meter, to estimate the most compatible selected relationship and fitted coefficient term. The results showed that, the average of velocity of longshore current in Amirabad shore is 16cm/s and dominant direction of current is eastern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - تجزیه و تحلیل ارتعاش غیرخطی تیر cantilever با هندسه غیر خطی
محمود مهدی ماشینچی ح. جوانیان جویباری د. گنجی -
Open Access Article
381 - اندازه گیری تنش های باقیمانده در Quenched Cylinder با روش Slitting
ح. محمودی س. حیدریان ک. بهنام -
Open Access Article
382 - روشی برای تخمین عملکرد توربین های جریان محوری بر اساس پیش بینی تلفات
ح. جوانیان جویباری م. افتخاری م.ر. شاه حسینی ف. قدک م. راد -
Open Access Article
383 - بررسی جریان و حفره در یک شیر پروانه ای
حسین نظری نفیسه علیپور منصور علیزاده -
Open Access Article
384 - اثر زبری سطح بر ضریب اصطکاک خشک فولاد - فولاد
ح. چارستاد س.م خورسندی جو -
Open Access Article
385 - مدل سازی پیش بینی عملکرد کمپرسور جریان محوری با معادلات جریان
محمد افطاری حمید جوادیان جویباری مجید رضا شاه حسینی فرهاد قدک منوچهر راد -
Open Access Article
386 - Homogenizing Electric Field of Lightning in L.P.S. XLPE Descending Conductor
Ali Amirjalali Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini -
Open Access Article
387 - A New Method for ECG Denoising Using an Amalgamation of Adaptive and SG Filters
Ali Ghasemi Farzin Shama Farshad Khosravi -
Open Access Article
388 - The Effect of Financial Development on Income Distribution in Developing Countries and Developed Countries: GMM Method
علی اکبر احمدی محمد اسماعیل رستمی نیا علیرضا غیبیConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modelin MoreConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modeling study using dynamic panel generalized moments (GMM) and use the variables GDP per capita, trade openness indicator, the indicator of financial development, inflation, consumer price index and the Gini coefficient was estimated. The results of the estimation of the model in both developed and developing countries distinguishing short and long term effects is discussed. These results indicate that the coefficient of financial development in developing countries (0/02) have opposite signs developed countries (-0/04) is. As income inequality and financial development theories, different estimates of the relationship between these two variables stated, Financial development in developing countries, the increase in income inequality and the increase in average household income and access many brokers and financial services, reduces income inequality. While in developed countries a negative linear relationship between financial development and income inequality that Byangrkahsh income inequality is due to the development of markets and financial intermediaries. Coefficient of per capita income, inflation and the value of the Gini coefficient by delays in developing countries and developed signs consistent with the model assumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Analyzing the Impact of Financial Policy (Total Income Tax) on Income Distribution in Selected OECD Countries
حسن ملااسمعیلی دهشیری جمشید پژویان فرهاد غفاری سید شمس الدین حسینیAbstract Economic justice and equitable distribution of income, along with important issues such as economic growth and development, the reduction of inflation and unemployment, have always been of concern to economists. Fair distribution of income and reduction of inc MoreAbstract Economic justice and equitable distribution of income, along with important issues such as economic growth and development, the reduction of inflation and unemployment, have always been of concern to economists. Fair distribution of income and reduction of income inequality in society, and the identification of factors affecting income inequality to make the right policy are necessary and obvious. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial policy (total income tax) on income distribution (GINI CO) in OECD countries. In this regard, panel data approach has been used to investigate the impact of total income tax on gini CO for 6 selected OECD countries from 2000 to 2015. The results show that an increase in inflation index and unemployment index leads to a increase in income inequality and that an increase in income tax revenues leads to a reduction in income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Studying the Relationship between Environmental Factors, Runoff Characteristics and Infiltration Depth Using Rainfall Simulator in Northwestern Rangelands of Iran
Sedigheh Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
391 - Comparing Discriminant Analysis, Ecological Niche Factor Analysis and Logistic Regression Methods for Geographic Distribution Modelling of Eurotia ceratoides (L.) C. A. Mey
Lyla Khalasi Ahvazi Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki Faeze Ghorbannezhad -
Open Access Article
392 - Modeling of Artemisia sieberi Besser Habitat Distribution Using Maximum Entropy Method in Desert Rangelands
Hossein Piri Sahragard Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki -
Open Access Article
393 - The Effect of Adaptation, Communication and Cooperation on Commitment and Trust and Their Role in Export Performance
Sahba Banparvar zohreh mousavi kashiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of adaptation, communication and cooperation on commitment and trust and their role on export performance by considering the moderating role of inefficient competition. This study is categorized as applied and desc MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of adaptation, communication and cooperation on commitment and trust and their role on export performance by considering the moderating role of inefficient competition. This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. The statistical population was consisted of 600 managers and experts of companies exporting petroleum and petrochemical products in Tehran. According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to 234 people and for sampling, the available sampling method was used. Data collection was done by a questionnaire of Hasaballah et al. (2019), Li & Zhang (2007) and Boso et al. (2019). The content validity of questionnaire was confirmed using Delphi model and expert's opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos software. Findings showed that Adaptation, communication and cooperation have a positive and significant effect on trust and commitment in companies exporting petroleum and petrochemical products. Also, commitment and trust have a positive and significant effect on the export performance of these companies. In addition, the moderating role of inefficient competition in the relationship between trust and commitment to export performance was confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Assessing the Transparency of Selected Private Banks' Information Based on Risk Criteria (Value At Risk)
Hossein Abdo Tabrizi reza tehrani Ghodratolla Imam Verdi Saeed Fallahpour Ali BaghaniAbstractTransparency of financial information has always been one of the most important concerns of investors and depositors of the banking system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between value at risk using book data MoreAbstractTransparency of financial information has always been one of the most important concerns of investors and depositors of the banking system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between value at risk using book data and market data as a measure of information transparency. For this purpose, at first, the value at risk was calculated using the EGARCH model and then, to examine the significance of the relationship and ranking of banks in terms of information transparency, Pearson correlation coefficient between value at risk (VaR) calculated from market data and book data has been used. The results showed that in the simultaneous data dimension, there is a weak relationship between book and market VaR and only the correlation coefficient between book and market VaR of Pasargad and Sina banks are statistically significant at 95% confidence level. If we consider the issue of the speed of book value information spreading in the market with a time lag, the values of the correlation coefficient of book and market VaRs for Parsian, Pasargad and Eghtesad-e-novin banks are significant at 99% confidence level and this coefficient is significant for Sina and Saman banks at 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - The Role of Perceived Pressure on Accountants' Ethical Beliefs in Financial Reporting
Zeynab Yazdi Bahman Banimahd Hashem NikoomaramAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ethical pressure on ethical beliefs in financial reporting (fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amounts, opportunistic and efficient earnings management). This res MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ethical pressure on ethical beliefs in financial reporting (fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amounts, opportunistic and efficient earnings management). This research is an applied research. The statistical population of this research is people working in the accounting profession, including financial managers, accounting supervisors, and accounting experts of private companies and companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of the research was collected through a questionnaire in a random way and using the structural equation model with the approach of Partial Least Squares (PLS) was analyzed. To determine the sample size, ten times the highest index of the measurement model was used, and 201 people were selected as the sample size. Findings show that perceived ethical pressure has a negative and significant effect on ethical beliefs. Ethical beliefs also have a negative and significant effect on opportunistic and efficient earnings management, fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amount. Therefore, the pressure perceived by accountants creates stress in them and prepares the ground to neglect ethical approaches and affects their performance. It also alters one's beliefs and causes questionable behaviors in financial reporting. Numerous studies have shown that companies manipulate financial statements to achieve their goals through Income management and fraud. But what is unknown; is behavioral factors that psychologically influence the person to manipulate the financial statements. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the moral nature of a person and the factors related to it that encourage people to abandon moral beliefs and participate in unethical behaviors. This study addresses this research gap in the literature by revealing this unknown aspect of behavior on which there are incomplete studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Comparing the effectiveness of Schema Therapy and interpersonal skills training on reducing inefficient attitudes of adolescent girls
elaheh ghorbaniThis research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Schema Therapy and interpersonal skills training on reducing inefficient attitudes and also comparing the effectiveness of these two methods on reducing inefficient attitudes. This quasi-experimental MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Schema Therapy and interpersonal skills training on reducing inefficient attitudes and also comparing the effectiveness of these two methods on reducing inefficient attitudes. This quasi-experimental research was conducted based on pre-test and post-test plan with control group. The statistical population consisted of 200 adolescent girls who referred to the consulting office in Qouchan in the first half of 2018. The Inefficient Attitudes Scale (DAS-26) was implemented for all members of the statistical population and 60 subjects whose inefficient attitudes were higher were selected and were organized based on a random number table in the form of two experimental groups and one control group (each one in 20 people). The data collection tool was an inefficient attitudes scale. Data collection was done in 50 days in the second half of 2018. One-way covariance statistical analysis method was used in statistical analysis of the research data. The findings indicate that the observed difference between the two experimental groups of schema therapy (with a mean of 65.65) and the experimental group of interpersonal skills training (with a mean of 25.94) had been statistically significant, and the difference between each mean of the two experimental groups and the mean of control group was significant. This research showed that the effect of schema therapy on reducing inefficient attitudes was more than interpersonal skills training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Determining the effective features in classification of heart sounds using trained intelligent network and genetic algorithm
mahsa semyari fardad farokhi -
Open Access Article
398 - Optimal Capacitor Placement to Improve the Performance of the Electrical Power Distribution System Using Genetic Algorithm
Mohammad Hossein Kafi Mehdi Mahdavian Ali Asghar Amini Ghazanfar Shahgholian Majid Dehghani -
Open Access Article
399 - Quality classification of tomato plant in field conditions using EfficientNet deep learning model
Mounes Astani Mohammad Hasheminejad Mahsa VaghefiThe appropriateness of the agricultural economy is very effective in sustainable food security. The appearance and shape of agricultural products change in different periods. The correct classification of the product in terms of quality after harvest affects the economy MoreThe appropriateness of the agricultural economy is very effective in sustainable food security. The appearance and shape of agricultural products change in different periods. The correct classification of the product in terms of quality after harvest affects the economy of farmers. Today, deep learning classifiers have greatly contributed to the correct classification of product quality. But the database challenges and the same conditions of the database in the training and testing phase affect the classification accuracy. The purpose of this article is to classify the quality of tomatoes in the challenging conditions of the database, including crowded backgrounds, noise in the image, leaves of the same color as the fruit in the image, and the similarity of growth stages. For this purpose, 3 databases with different challenges have been used in the stage of classification training and testing. In this article, the aim is to classify the quality of tomatoes into 3 classes ripe, unripe ,and semi-ripe using Efficientnet deep learning classifier. According to the conditions of the database, the first three processes of noise removal, image contrast improvement ,and image segmentation have been applied to the images. The results of the evaluation of the proposed method show the proper performance of EfficientnetB5. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - The process of development of conflict in the organization of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Subsidiary organizations
Fahimeh Yosef Kalafi Mahnaz ronaghi notash Hosein TanhaiiTitle : The process of development of conflict in the organization of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Subsidiary organizations Abstract This paper was conducted with the aim of developing a sociological understanding in the field of inter-organizational confl MoreTitle : The process of development of conflict in the organization of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Subsidiary organizations Abstract This paper was conducted with the aim of developing a sociological understanding in the field of inter-organizational conflict seeking to respond the explanation of inter-organizational conflicts in the organizations of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and affiliated organizations. According to the definitions provided from conflict, the goals of employees and access to those goals were investigated as the basic concepts and their practices against the situation created. In this regard, due to the use of the underlying theory, after reviewing the literature and research background, without presupposing the theoretical framework for data collection with techniques of semi-structured interview, direct and indirect observation and participant observation was conducted. Purposeful sampling was continued to the theoretical saturation and research findings in four explanatory models were shown. The results showed that the conflicts in organizations are formed due to not achieving organizational objectives and how the behavior of actors against the alien conflict or compatibility. The other results of this study can be also noted that conflicts in organization are one of the defective forms in organizational relationships that empowering of people to reduce or eliminate them depends on their authorities. This means it can be considered power as an important factor in reducing or increasing person's conflict with the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Stock portfolio optimization using multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA II) and maximum Sharp ratio
Arezou KarimiOne of the most important issues in finance is how to choose an investment portfolio. Activists in this field are seeking to select a portfolio that controls risk with high return. Due to the increasing limitations of the capital market, the efficiency of classical meth MoreOne of the most important issues in finance is how to choose an investment portfolio. Activists in this field are seeking to select a portfolio that controls risk with high return. Due to the increasing limitations of the capital market, the efficiency of classical methods has been discussed. Hence, researchers have turned their attention to metaheuristic algorithms. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal portfolio of pharmaceutical companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange by two methods of multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and maximum Sharp ratio. In this study, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is under Conditional Value at Risk criterion. Also, the data of 13 companies in the period of 90-97 were used to form the portfolio. The results show that in the multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) method, the stock with the lowest Value at Risk gains the most weight in the optimal portfolio. Also, the optimized portfolio by multi-objective genetic algorithm is more return and at the same time less risky. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Bankruptcy prediction using hybrid data mining models based on misclassification penalty
Atiye Torkaman AmirAbbas NajafiIn recent years, data mining, particularly the support vector machine, has gained considerable interest among investors, managers, and researchers as an effective means of bankruptcy prediction. However, studies indicate that it is highly sensitive to the selection of p MoreIn recent years, data mining, particularly the support vector machine, has gained considerable interest among investors, managers, and researchers as an effective means of bankruptcy prediction. However, studies indicate that it is highly sensitive to the selection of parameters and input variables. Hence, the aim of this research is to improve bankruptcy prediction accuracy by combining an advanced support vector machine model with the k-nearest neighbor approach to eliminate erroneous entries. To achieve this, first, by using five financial ratios: current ratio, net profit margin, debt ratio, return on assets, and return of investment from 150 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the 10-year period (2010-2019), and k-nearest neighbor algorithm, the training data will be refined. Then, relying on a support vector machine based on classification penalty, a prediction model will be constructed. The parameters will be estimated, and its validity will be assessed using test data. Finally, a comparison will be made between the outcomes of the proposed model and traditional models.The findings demonstrate that the combination of the k-nearest neighbor models and support vector machine reduces the overall prediction error, and the penalty coefficients of the support vector machine exhibit a high level of statistical significance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Optimal Currency Portfolio of Foregin Exchange Reserves in the Central Bank of I. R. Iran (Post-Modern Portfolio Approach)
Saeed Daei-KarimzadehOne of key aspects of foreign reserves management in central banks is to determine appropriate currency portfolio of foreign exchange reserves. In this study, optimal currency composition of four major reserve currency (including dollar, euro, pound and yen) in currency MoreOne of key aspects of foreign reserves management in central banks is to determine appropriate currency portfolio of foreign exchange reserves. In this study, optimal currency composition of four major reserve currency (including dollar, euro, pound and yen) in currency portfolio of the central bank of Iran analyzed. For this purpose, post modern portfolio approach and quarterly data during 2011 to 2014 used and efficient frontier of the central bank extracted as well. The results indicate that maximum share of dollar, euro and yen in the strategic currency reserves portfolio of the central bank is respectively 35, 29 and 48 percent. Accordingly, if share of the currencies in the currency portfolio was more than these figures, the value of reserves is reduced. Furthermore, pound is a risky currency, so the central bank to hold the currency, mainly should act based on his transaction needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Digital cohomology groups of certain minimal surfaces
I. Karaca O. Ege -
Open Access Article
405 - Operational matrices with respect to Hermite polynomials and their applications in solving linear differential equations with variable coefficients
Z. Kalateh Bojdi S. Ahmadi-Asl A. Aminataei -
Open Access Article
406 - UNBOUNDEDNESS IN MOILP AND ITS EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS
G. Tohidi S. Razavyan -
Open Access Article
407 - Yield and productivity indices of common bean and sunflower intercropping in different planting ratios
محمد قلیپور Peyman SharifiIntercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field e MoreIntercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-15 growing season, at Somea-Sara, Iran. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (bean: sunflower) using replacement method. Intercropping had significant effect on pods per plant and seed yield of bean, and it had significant on plant height, head diameter, heads per plant, 100 seed weight, seeds per head and grain yield of sunflower. The land equivalent ratio (LER) were less than one in 75:25 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) intercropping ratios, while it was equal to 1.15 in 25:75 bean-sunflower intercropping ratio, which indicates the intercropping cultivation of beans-sunflower had the highest efficiency by 15%. Sunflower in the planting ratios of 25:75 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC), therefore it was a dominant crop and bean had the least RCC and was a reccesive crop. The competitive ratio value (CR) of bean was less than one, which this means that bean was less competitive than sunflower in the intercropping system. It is concluded that sunflower and bean intercropping system have a substantial advantage compared to sole cropping systems and the intercroping ratios of 25:75 (bean-sunflower) was as superior planting ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan province
H. DehghanzadehTo determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two MoreTo determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two consecutive growing seasons; 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014. The main plots considered irrigation regimes (irrigation after 75, 95 and 115 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan), and sub-plots considered three wheat cultivars (Sepahan, Ghods and Pishtazs).Results showed that irrigation after 75 and 95 mm cumulative evaporation did not differ significantly for morphological traits, yield and yield components. Delay in irrigation from 95 to 115 mm cumulative pan evaporation significantly reduced grain yield and its components and increased protein percent. Ghods and Pishtaz cultivars had the highest and the lowest number of grain per spike and the lowest and the highest thousand kernel weight and the lowest and the highest grain yield, respectively. It was concluded that by irrigation wheat after 95 mm cumulative pan evaporation, water could be saved by 22% with no significant loss in yield, while grain protein increased by 1.77 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Evaluation of non-Linear regression models to predict jointing rate of wheat cultivars in response to temperature and Photoperiod
محمد حسن پناهی افشین سلطانی ابراهیم زینلی مهدی کلاته عربی علیرضا نه بندانیAccurate prediction of phenological development is important in the wheat)Triticum aestivum(. An important parameters on phenology can be suggest temperature and photoperiod. This study was conducted with 12 sowing dates to quantify response of jointing rate (JOR) to te MoreAccurate prediction of phenological development is important in the wheat)Triticum aestivum(. An important parameters on phenology can be suggest temperature and photoperiod. This study was conducted with 12 sowing dates to quantify response of jointing rate (JOR) to temperature and photoperiod in wheat cultivars. The regression models fitted to JOR against temperature were beta, dent-like and segmented function. Meanwhile, quadratic, negative exponential and segmented models fitted to JOR against photoperiod (these models were used as 9 combined models to describe JOR as a function of photothermal day). The results showed that beta- quaradic function was the best model to describe JOR as a function of both temperature and photoperiod. Using this function, the base, optimum and ceiling temperatures were estimated 4.5, 27.3 and 40 ₒC respectively. Critical photoperiod and photoperiod sensitivity coefficient were estimated 20.02 to 22.69 hour and 0.0109 to 0.0475 respectively. Also biological day for cultivars between emergence to jointing with the beta- quaratic function examin between 25.2 to 31.9 days.The results of this study can be used in crop simulation models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Comparison of grain yield and some related traits in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) in Iran
Maryam Rahimi jahangirlo Saeid Soufizadeh Jaafar Kambouzia Eskandar Zand Morteza RezayiIn this study was evaluated different Maize cultivars including KSC706, KSC705, KSC704, KSC703, KSC647, MV527, KSC500, KSC403, KSC400, DC370, KSC260 and KSC201. Maize cultivars were sown in 2014 at the Research Institute of Animal Science and under potential conditions MoreIn this study was evaluated different Maize cultivars including KSC706, KSC705, KSC704, KSC703, KSC647, MV527, KSC500, KSC403, KSC400, DC370, KSC260 and KSC201. Maize cultivars were sown in 2014 at the Research Institute of Animal Science and under potential conditions including recommended planting date and density and apply the potential conditions (without stress) during the growing season and harvest each cultivar at full maturity stage. In each varieties was measured important traits as a grain, biological yield and traits related to ear, Harvest Index and dry weight. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in all of characters. Comparison of means showed that KSC703, with 19.39 and 40.11 t/ ha of grain and biological yield was the best hybrids. Also KSC260 showed highest yield between 300, 400 and 500 maturity groups. The results of correlation analysis showed that grain yield had the most correlation with biological yield (0.94), ear length (0.90) and seed weight (0.89) (P≤ 0.01). It seems that the genetic improvement have been by increasing the traits such as biological yield, ear length, grain weight, stem weight and lose weight tassel. After converting each of studied traits to the normal distribution Z (standardize with statistical method), Cluster analysis to determine the distance between genotypes through the square Euclidian distance and Ward's method based on mean of all characters, hybrids was classified into five distinct groups that this classification did not match to FAO classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Evaluation of yield relationship with yield components in different dry land wheat genotypes
Elyas Neyestani Hasan Makarian Aliakbar Ameri Mostafa HeydariIn order to investigate path analysis of grain yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of wheat in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two places in North Khorasan Province, dry land Research Station of Shirva MoreIn order to investigate path analysis of grain yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of wheat in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two places in North Khorasan Province, dry land Research Station of Shirvan and Sisab, Iran. In 2015-2016. During the growth stages and after harvesting, traits like plant height, number of days to heading, numbers of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike, number of days to maturity, seed weight and seed yield were recorded. according to the analysis of variance, between genotypes in terms of number of days to heading, days to maturity, numbers of spikes per square meter, number of grains per spike and grain yield, differences were significant. According to the comparison of the averages, genotypes 17 and 12 with 2522 and 2364 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield respectively and genotype 20 with 1190 kg.ha-1grain yield was the lowest. Based on the path analysis results, the number of spike per square meter (69.8%), the number of grains per spike (64.9 %) and grain weight (38.9 %) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. The correlation coefficients showed that seed weight and number of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter had a significant negative correlation and the number of grains per spike and number of spikes per square meter were significant positive correlation with yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Evaluation of indirect selection in yield improvement of triticale genotypes under drought stress conditions
Armin Saed-Moucheshi Zhale Saed-Moucheshi Fatemeh AnsarshourijehThe general goal of this study is to investigate suitable triticale lines under normal conditions and drought stress using important grain yield and its components. Also, the technique of evaluating the Smith-Hazel coefficient for considering the yield components as ind MoreThe general goal of this study is to investigate suitable triticale lines under normal conditions and drought stress using important grain yield and its components. Also, the technique of evaluating the Smith-Hazel coefficient for considering the yield components as indirect selection index, which has not been used practically in plant breeding sciences up to now, has been discussed and proposed. Accordingly, it would be possible to utilize the contribution of yield components in grain yield apply them to screen superior lines in the form of one single index. In this research two separate field experiments, normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, were conducted in three cropping years from 2016 to 2018 with 56 genotypes and two cultivars of triticale. Smith-Hazel selection index applied based on yield-related traits in such a way that the traits with a higher positive effect on grain yield were being utilized for screening aims. high heritability of yield and its component showed the possibility of using them as selection criteria to screen elite genotypes. For indirect selection the path analysis was carried out and calculated coefficient of the traits with higher impacts on yield containing number of days to flowering straw yield with negative impacts alongside flag leaf length and biomass yield with positive impacts in normal condition were used as economic coefficients. In stressful condition, spike weight and seeds and spikelet numbers per spike had a positive and significant effect on the selection index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Seasonal Autoregressive Models for Estimating the Probability of Frost in Rafsanjan
A. Hosseini M.S. FallahNezhad Y. ZareMehrjardi R. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
414 - Investigating the impact of GDP on income distribution in selected Islamic countries
reza rahimi AliAkbar BaghestanyDistribution of income and wealth is one of the problems and issues that exist in developing countries. This research aims to identify the factors affecting income distribution in the group of Islamic countries of Iran, Malaysia, Egypt, Algeria and Turkey during the per MoreDistribution of income and wealth is one of the problems and issues that exist in developing countries. This research aims to identify the factors affecting income distribution in the group of Islamic countries of Iran, Malaysia, Egypt, Algeria and Turkey during the period of 2004-2017 using panel data method. The results of Limer's F test showed that it is a panel model at a probability level of less than 0.05.In this regard, the results of the Hausman test indicate the randomness of cross-sectional effects. The estimation results of the model indicate that the logarithm of the GDP with a coefficient of 0.14, the logarithm of the price index with a coefficient of 0.07 and the logarithm of the population with a coefficient of 0.43 have a positive and significant effect on the Gini coefficient.The positive relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient indicates the necessity of income redistribution mechanism. Considering the positive effect of inflation on the Gini coefficient, it is better to apply appropriate monetary policies to reduce inflation in the countries under review. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - The impact of current and construction expenses of the government on the growth of national income and its distribution in Iraq
maryam emamimibodi Hossein Jassim Mohammad Al-SataniOne of the important economic goals of governments is to achieve the growth of national income and fair distribution of income. In meeting these goals, governments should use financial policy tools such as; Current and construction expenditures should be used for fair d MoreOne of the important economic goals of governments is to achieve the growth of national income and fair distribution of income. In meeting these goals, governments should use financial policy tools such as; Current and construction expenditures should be used for fair distribution of income and control of extreme fluctuations in per capita incomes and ultimately the growth of national income. In this research, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of current expenditures and construction expenditures of the government on the growth of national income and the Gini coefficient in Iraq, and the VAR method has been used in the returns from 2006 to 2021. The results of the research indicated that; The impact of government current expenditures and government construction expenditures have had a positive and significant impact on the growth of Iraq's national income, but only government construction expenditures have had a positive and significant impact on the income distribution index (Gini coefficient). The results of the variance analysis of the research models show that the greatest impact on the growth of national income and the Gini coefficient is from the side, respectively; economic growth and oil income, and the lowest impact on the two variables of national income growth and the Gini coefficient is related to government construction costs. Therefore, the planners in the country should pay attention that, for the economic growth of this country, the redistribution policies of the oil income of this country should be chosen in principle and optimally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Effect of plant densities on loss coefficient, grain yield and yield components of grain Sorghum Varieties
M. Bourbour S. Seifzadeh D. Eradatmand AsliTo evaluate the effect of plant dencity in light extinction coefficient and in performance of sorghum varieties, three level of grain sorghum varieties has been studied at reaserch farm of Azad Islamic university, saveh-branch in 1386 year. In this experiment mention ca MoreTo evaluate the effect of plant dencity in light extinction coefficient and in performance of sorghum varieties, three level of grain sorghum varieties has been studied at reaserch farm of Azad Islamic university, saveh-branch in 1386 year. In this experiment mention cases selectes in the randomized block design and arranged in the form of factorial experiment. These are including three level of grain sorghum varieties (Including speed feed, jumbo and kimia) at three dencities 130,150,190 thousand in plant/hec. Results of this experiment showed that effect of Plant dencities create a significant differences in seed numbers, 1000 seed weight , seed performance and light extinction coefficient.The best performance was 2838 kg/ha and belonged to dencity 190 thousand plant /ha. By increasing the dencity, number of seeds in panicule and 1000 seed weight decreased significantly. In case of seed number in panicule, 1000 seed weight ,seed performance and extinction coefficient sorghum varieties showed significant differences. Maximum and minimum seed number in panicule was in jumbo and kimia varieties respectively. Maximum Light extinction coefficient (K=0.55), belonged to,190000 Plants/hectar dencity and jumbo cultivare. Minimum of light extinction coefficient (K=0.47) belonged to 130000 Plants/hectar and speed feed cultivare is.At list maximum of seed performance was belong to 190 dencity thousand plant/hec and jambo cultivare . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Stady of some morphological attributes in spring bread wheat genotypes under weather condition of Moghan
saed Barani majid Shokrpour In order to study of some agronomic and morphological attributes affecting grain yield in spring bread wheat genotypes and also ,to identify and introduce superior cultivars, an e More In order to study of some agronomic and morphological attributes affecting grain yield in spring bread wheat genotypes and also ,to identify and introduce superior cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili Plant material included 27 wheat cultivars and 2 lines were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that among genotypes for all traits studied had significant difference in level %1 probability. Shiroudi cultivar the average grain yield(5370kg/ha), 1000grain weigth(37/4gr) and number of grains per spike(47/3) was higher than other cultivars. Akbari cultivar of biological yield and number of spike (m2), had the highest average. Biologic yield, spike length (cm) and number of grain per spike showed a significant positive correlation with grain yield. Biological yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height (cm), spike length (cm) and number of grain per spike. Because of the inverse relationship between yield components, number of spike (m2) showed a significant negative correlation with number of grains per spike. Path Coefficients Analysis showed biologic yield have the most direct effect (r=0.65) on grain yield. the principle component analysis, the first four component justified, %81 of the total variation. Biologic yield, spike length (cm) and number of spike(m2), have important role in explanation the first component. The results of cluster analysis were grouped 29 genotypes into 4 clusteres. The Shiroudi, Nick-Nejad and Alborz cultivars of grain yield and some traits studied than other cultivars, had higher average and the top varieties were introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Effect of plant densities on extinction coefficient,grain yield and yield components of Varieties of grain Sorghum
Mohamadreza burbur Saeed Seifzadeh Davoud Eradatmand Aslito evaluate the effect of plant dencity in light extinction coefficient and in performance of sorghum varieties , three level of grain sorghum varieties has been studied at reaserch farm of Azad Islamic university, saveh-branch in 1386 year. In this experiment mention c Moreto evaluate the effect of plant dencity in light extinction coefficient and in performance of sorghum varieties , three level of grain sorghum varieties has been studied at reaserch farm of Azad Islamic university, saveh-branch in 1386 year. In this experiment mention cases selectes in the randomized block design and arranged in the form of factorial experiment. These are including three level of grain sorghum varieties (Including speed feed , jumbo and kimia) at three dencities 130,150,190 thousand in plant/hec. Results of this experiment showed that effect of Plant dencities create a significant differences in seed numbers , 1000 seed weight , seed performance and light extinction coefficient.The best performance was 2838 kg/ha and belonged to dencity 190 thousand plant /ha. By increasing the dencity , number of seeds in panicule and 1000 seed weight decreased significantly. . In case of seed number in panicule , 1000 seed weight ,seed performance and extinction coefficient sorghum varieties showed significant differences. . Maximum and minimum seed number in panicule was in jumbo and kimia varieties respectively. Maximum Light extinction coefficient (K=0.55) , belonged to,190000 Plants/hectar dencity and jumbo cultivare. Minimum of light extinction coefficient (K=0.47) belonged to 130000 Plants/hectar and speed feed cultivare is.At list maximum of seed performance was belong to 190 dencity thousand plant/hec and jambo cultivare . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - The Study of Variation and Relationship between Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) in Climate Conditions of Borugerd
S. Nakhjavan A. A. Jafari M. Kharatchi M. ShahverdiIn order to study genetic variation and heritability in fifteen cultivars of red clover in climate conditions of Broujerd an experiment in based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated conditions in Agriculture Researches Cente MoreIn order to study genetic variation and heritability in fifteen cultivars of red clover in climate conditions of Broujerd an experiment in based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated conditions in Agriculture Researches Center and National Resources of Broujerd in 2013-2014 cropping year was carried out. The measured traits were including of dry and wet forage yield in three cuts, plant height, digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage (%CP),Water soluble carbohydrates (%WSC), insoluble fiber in acid percentage, crude fiber percentage (%CF) and ash percentage (%AH) in two cuts and ratio leaf to stem and regrowth rate in one cut. The qualitative traits were measured by near infrared reflectance (NIR) technology. The results of analysis of variance were indicated that differences between cuts for all traits and genotype effect and interaction genotype × cut for all traits except plant height and ash percentage were significant. Compare means, Duncan method were showed Chamran, Renova, Shahrecord and Reszti cultivars with range between 52 to 56 t.ha-1 wet forage and range of 17.3 to 18.3 t.ha-1 dry forage in general three cuts had the highest forage yield. In among them Renova and Shahrechord cultivars had the highest plant height and ratio leaf to stem, but Charmahal had high mean for qualitative traits including digestibility and total ash and low mean for ADF and %CP. low In other words, it had higher forage yield and quality. In comparison between means of cuts, the highest and lowest forage yield related to 1 and 3 cuts, respectively. Simple coefficients of correlation among forage yield with plant height and digestibility was positive and with ratio leaf to stem and soluble carbohydrates in water was negative and significant. Coefficients of correlation between digestibility and protein percentage were positive and significant and these traits had negative and significant correlation with soluble carbohydrates in water, percentage crude fiber and ADF. Results of principal components analysis (PCA) for 15 genotypes in 11 traits showed three first principal components explained 72% from total variation. In the first component, wet forage yield, digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage and soluble carbohydrate in water explained the highest variation. In the second component, plant height, insoluble fiber in acid, crude fiber percentage, total ash percentage had the highest vector coefficients. In the third component, dry forage yield with ratio leaf to stem had negative correlation. In cluster analysis base on the ward's method 15 genotypes of red clover for 11 traits placed in three clusters. Shahrod and Renova Cultivars placed in cluster number 3, and had high forage yield and medium digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage and soluble carbohydrates in water. In contrast, cultivars placed in cluster number 2, had medium yield but better quality. Cultivars placed in cluster number 1 had lower values for quantitative and qualitative traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Investigation of the Effect of Atomic Structure Defects on the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Zigzag and Armchair Carbon Nanotubes Using Molecular Dynamics Method
Farshid Aghadavoudi Hossein GolestanianThe mechanical and physical properties of carbon nanotubes depend on their size and atomic structure. Accurate determination of the properties of carbon nanotubes, including the coefficient of thermal expansion, has many practical problems due to the limitations of labo MoreThe mechanical and physical properties of carbon nanotubes depend on their size and atomic structure. Accurate determination of the properties of carbon nanotubes, including the coefficient of thermal expansion, has many practical problems due to the limitations of laboratory methods. In this study, molecular dynamics method has been used to investigate and extract the properties of thermal expansion coefficient in a number of samples of carbon nanotubes that have different diameters and armchair and zigzag structures. In this study, the effect of atomic structure defects including Stone–Wales and vacancy defects on the coefficient of thermal expansion and longitudinal elastic mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes have been investigated. The potential function used in COMPASS simulation. Based on the obtained results, the coefficient of thermal expansion for CNT (7,7) at a temperature of 800 K is calculated at about 6.34 , which shows a good agreement with the results of laboratory studies. Also, the presence of defects in the atomic structure, including the defect of the non-reconstructed vacancy, in most cases has increased the coefficient of thermal expansion, which has been equal to 65% in CNT (0, 7). The vacancy defect is more effective than the Stone-Walsh defect in changing the coefficient of thermal expansion. The results show that the elastic properties of the CNT case study are also weakened by 22% due to the defect of the vacancy in the longitudinal direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - بررسی تأثیر ضریب اصطکاک بر میزان عیب دم ماهی در فرایند نورد حلقوی گرم
امیر حسین قیصری محمدرضا فروزان عبدالعلی مراثینورد حلقوی گرم یک فرایند به شدت غیر خطی و ناپایدار است. ضریب اصطکاک میان رینگ با غلتک محرک و هرزگرد از این جمله اند که بر کیفیت محصول نهایی تأثیر بهسزایی دارند. در این مقاله تأثیر این دو پارامتر بر نورد حلقوی گرم به کمک مدل سه بعدی المان محدود کوپل مکانیکی- حرارت Moreنورد حلقوی گرم یک فرایند به شدت غیر خطی و ناپایدار است. ضریب اصطکاک میان رینگ با غلتک محرک و هرزگرد از این جمله اند که بر کیفیت محصول نهایی تأثیر بهسزایی دارند. در این مقاله تأثیر این دو پارامتر بر نورد حلقوی گرم به کمک مدل سه بعدی المان محدود کوپل مکانیکی- حرارتی بررسی شده است. بدین منظور مدلی سه بعدی از فرایند نورد حلقوی گرم شامل رینگ، غلتک­های محرک، هرزگرد و راهنما در نرم افزار آباکوس ایجاد شده و میزان عیب دم ماهی به ازای ضریب اصطکاک­های مختلف میان غلتک محرک و حلقه و همچنین غلتک هرزگرد و حلقه اندازهگیری شده است. نتایج نشان می­دهد که با افزایش ضریب اصطکاک میان رینگ و غلتک هرزگرد یا کاهش ضریب اصطکاک میان رینگ و غلتک محرک میزان عیب دم ماهی کاهش می­یابد. همچنین میزان تغییرات این دو پارامتر باید در محدوده معینی حفظ شده و از آن تجاوز ننماید. نتایج بهدست آمده می­تواند به عنوان راهنمایی به منظور بهینه سازی فرایند مزبور به کار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - بررسی پارامترهای مؤثر در تعیین تنش های پسماند در صفحات فلزی و چندلایههای کامپوزیتی با روش شیارزنی
محمود مهرداد شکریه سعید اکبری رکنآبادیروش شیارزنی یکی از روش­های پرکاربرد در اندازه­گیری تنش­های پسماند است که طی آن شیاری در چند مرحله در قطعه مورد نظر ایجاد شده و کرنش­های آزاد شده در هر مرحله به وسیله کرنش­سنج ثبت می­شود. ارتباط بین کرنش­های ثبت شده و تنش­های پسماند Moreروش شیارزنی یکی از روش­های پرکاربرد در اندازه­گیری تنش­های پسماند است که طی آن شیاری در چند مرحله در قطعه مورد نظر ایجاد شده و کرنش­های آزاد شده در هر مرحله به وسیله کرنش­سنج ثبت می­شود. ارتباط بین کرنش­های ثبت شده و تنش­های پسماند به وسیله ماتریس ضرایب نرمی صورت می­گیرد. در این تحقیق به کمک روش اجزای محدود، پارامترهای مؤثر در محاسبه مقادیر ضرایب نرمی برای صفحات فلزی ایزوتروپیک و همچنین چند لایه­های کامپوزیتی بررسی شده است. در ابتدا فرایند شبیهسازی برای صفحات ایزوتروپیک بهصورت دو و سه بعدی انجام گرفته است. نتایج بهدست آمده بیانگر تطابق کامل نتایج دو مدل است. برای محاسبه ضرایب نرمی نیاز به محاسبه کرنش متوسط در محل کرنش­سنج است. برای این کار از روش­های مبتنی بر کرنش و مبتنی بر جابهجایی استفاده شده است. همچنین با مقایسه ترک و شیار، تأثیر عرض شیار بر ضرایب نرمی بررسی شده است. سپس میزان کرنش ثبت شده توسط کرنشسنجهای با طول اندازهگیرهای مختلف مقایسه و مشخص شد با استفاده از کرنشسنج­های با طول اندازهگیر کمتر، میزان کرنش ثبت شده افزایش یافته و در نتیجه خطای اندازه­گیری کاهش مییابد. در نهایت با استفاده از مدل سه­بعدی ارائه شده ضرایب نرمی برای دو چندلایه­ای کامپوزیتی کربن- اپوکسی و شیشه- اپوکسی تعیین شده­اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Air Pollutants in Jiangsu Province, China
Anbu Clemensis Johnson -
Open Access Article
424 - The effect of foliar application manganese on quantitative and qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the relationships between them
nafiseh mahdinezhad mahmod mohammadkhani Brat Ali FakheriThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of MoreThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of 1 kg/ha was carried out in three stages of planting, stemming and flowering on 148 spring barley cultivars. The results showed that in different growth stages, foliar manganese increased the height, fresh and dry weight of forage, number of tillers per plant, leaf to stem ratio and reduction of seed to forage ratio, compared to normal treatment. Manganese solution increased Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Acid detergent fiber, Natural detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin traits, as well as reduced qualitative characteristics of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate and ash compared with normal treatment. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that there is an inverse relationship between quantity and forage quality. As a result, the factors that increase the amount of forage reduce its quality and vice versa. In the following, using factor analysis, 14 variables were defined in five factors for normal conditions and four factors for manganese soluble conditions which justify 80.81% and 83.85% of the variation of the data, respectively. They made the results of this study indicated the total digestibility of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber and natural detergent fiber from the oral parameters of forage, which can influence on forage quality and animal feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Study of genetic variation in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in terms of some morphological and agronomic traits
Ali Khomari Saeed Omrani Ali Omrani Khodadad MostafaviIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, MoreIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, seedling time, plant height and flowering time were measured and recorded. Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis confirmed the diversity of all studied traits among all genotypes studied. The simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that the weight of the boll and the number of bolls per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant yield with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.61 respectively at 1% probability level. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, the weight of the boll weight and the number of bolls per plant were 75.60% of the variation in plant yield. The results of causal analysis indicated that the most direct and positive effects were related to the weight of the boll weight (1.104). The number of boll/bush had the most indirect effect (0.916) on plant yield through boll weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Assessment of relationship between grain yield and some related traits in oilseed sunflower genotypes
Ali Saremi-Rad Seyede Maryam Seyed Hassan Pour Khodadad Mostafavi Hosein Sadeghi GiveThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysi MoreThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysis of variance, traits were observed among genotypes at a probability level of 1% for the traits of 100 seeds and at 5% probability for the traits of diameter and grain yield of diversity. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of path analysis showed that the highest direct effect on seed yield was observed on seed width and plant height. Using factor analysis by principal component analysis, four factors justify 82.5% of the data variation. The first factor justified 34.2% of the total variance of the data, that named seed yield, the second factor justifying 21.9% of the variation factor that named length factor ,the third factor, justifying 14.5% of the data changes as the factor of 100-grain weight and the fourth factor justified 11.7% of the total data variance, was named dimeter factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - analysis of Association among ISSR Markers and Important Traits in Different Soybean Cultivars by Regression Method
zahra malekmohamadi hosein sabori abas beyabani ebrahim hezarjaribi ahmadreza dadras.One of the big advances in identifying markers is the identification of continuous markers with agronomic traits, as well as the value of markers in the analysis of heritability of traits in crops is specified. In this study was assessed, the relationship between agron More.One of the big advances in identifying markers is the identification of continuous markers with agronomic traits, as well as the value of markers in the analysis of heritability of traits in crops is specified. In this study was assessed, the relationship between agronomic traits and molecular marker ISSR in different genotypes of soybean. The genetic diversity different genotypes of soybean by using the 10 ISSR primer showed that Among 68 amplified fragment of cultivars were generated, 34 fragments were ploy morphic. PIC values varied between 0.147 to 0.058 for primers. Maximum level of marker index obtained for primer PRI-6 with value of 8.39 which indicating a higher resolution of this primer than the other. Association analysis was performed using structure matrix and statistical models of GLM and MLM by using TASSEL software for 21 variables. The MLM model in 5 percent probability level identified 6 markers related to evaluated traits. According to the results of Association analysis the highest of coefficient determination was for ISSR9-2 with 0.21 percent explanation of variation of number main branch. A total of, due to the high genetic diversity statistics, the ISSR10-1, ISSR2-3 and ISSR2-4 markers can be used to other breeding programs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient of corn genotype K.S.C704 in Ahvaz region
narges Baghaee alireza Shoukouh far Mani Majdam taieb Saki NejadIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient grain corn delayed, the trial was conducted in the summer of 1390 in the field of Shahid Shalemi in Ahwaz city, This experiment using a split plot design with three replication MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and plant density on the extinction coefficient grain corn delayed, the trial was conducted in the summer of 1390 in the field of Shahid Shalemi in Ahwaz city, This experiment using a split plot design with three replications.Irrigation intervals (I) in three levels, including intervals of five (I1), eight (I2) and 10 (I3) on the main plots and plant density (P) on three levels: 6.7 (P3), 7.8 (P2) and 9.5 (P1) per square meter, or 67, 78 and 95 thousand plants per hectare were in sub plots. Evaluations consisted of leaf area index and light penetration into the canopy in order to calculate K (light depreciation coefficient), respectively. Results showed that irrigation on light extinction coefficient was significant at the one percent level, so that with increasing irrigation intervals, the coefficient is increased. The stress concentration factor and irrigation density and interactions were significant at the one percent level. The highest density of 65000 plants per hectare was obtained extinction coefficient in other words by reducing the leaf area index, light extinction coefficient increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Biometric evaluation of the trunk region of Iranian Arab horse
Fahimeh Pourjafari bahador shojaei hamid sharifiThere are more than two hundred horse breeds in the world that have different body structure, color and specific abilities depending on the geographical and weather conditions of their region. The Arabian horse, which history goes back about5 thousand years ago, has pla MoreThere are more than two hundred horse breeds in the world that have different body structure, color and specific abilities depending on the geographical and weather conditions of their region. The Arabian horse, which history goes back about5 thousand years ago, has played a key role in the life history of human. Since the size of trunk region of breeds are different, biometric indices could be used to identify different breeds of horses. The present study was designed to determine the biometric indices of different trunk region were evaluated in 30 Iranian Arab horses. In this study 13 characteristics of different trunk regions were evaluated in 30 Iranian Arab horses. These horses were at least 3 years old and were selected from Kerman horse corrals. Then the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and confidence interval of the characteristics were calculated. The data were compared between male and female as well as between the age groups older and younger than 8 years old by independent t-test. The results of this study showed that the gluteal height and length of lateral aspects of pelvis had the lowest and highest coefficient of variation among the measured characteristics, respectively. In this research, the characteristics were compared in different age and sex groups. This comparison showed a significant difference in the gluteal height in two different sex and age groups and length of lateral aspects of pelvis in two different age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Model of Good Governance, Community and Government Partners to Effectively
Seyed Javad Emam Jomee Zade Amir Masuod Shahramnia Roohallah Safariyan GarmekhaniDevelopment as a key concept after World War II and from 1960 onwards was raised. From then on planning, processes and procedures both at the micro level and at the macro development in each country in order to achieve the set. In this connection, the approaches and mul MoreDevelopment as a key concept after World War II and from 1960 onwards was raised. From then on planning, processes and procedures both at the micro level and at the macro development in each country in order to achieve the set. In this connection, the approaches and multiple patterns have been proposed by theorists of social sciences. The newest approach to development is the establishment of indices of good governance. Indicators that organized social and political system on a particular format and with special system settings based on both the negative and the positive. Based on the fundamental question that arises:1- What will affect the pattern of good governance and the structure of thesocial system?2- This pattern of the social organization how affects development management? In this study, we show analytical method The indices of good governance and the establishment of synergies and partnerships between The main actors of development .The government, civil society and the private sector will be organized Accessorysociety and efficient government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - The Survey of Chinese Government Role in the Development of This Country
Mahnaz Godarzi Hamid DerakhshandeUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a suc MoreUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a success on the road to development. The first and most important factor in the success of the country, there is a developmental state. The government, through the elite development-oriented, efficient bureaucracy and its nationalist nationalism, was able to design and implement appropriate policies and rational, Policies that were designed with the purpose of development and industrialization. The success of the pro-development efforts developmental state and administrative system. The aim of this paper is to examine the developmental state of China's development goals that are politically oriented Showed that the function of the driving force behind the development of this country songs and strategies pursued within state structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Investigating the effect of agricultural investment on poverty, income distribution and migration in rural areas of Iran
Mostafa Baniasadi Reza MohseniAgricultural sector has a significant role in poverty reduction, employment and generally in rural economy. Therefore, investment in this sector is controversial. Agricultural investment causes production growth, poverty reduction and increasing in employment, reducing MoreAgricultural sector has a significant role in poverty reduction, employment and generally in rural economy. Therefore, investment in this sector is controversial. Agricultural investment causes production growth, poverty reduction and increasing in employment, reducing the rural migration trend, as well. The aim of the present study is to survey the relationship between agricultural investment and poverty, income distribution and migration in rural areas of Iran during 1981-2007. To this purpose, simultaneous system of equation was used. The results indicated that investment in agricultural sector would lead to reduction in poverty, in Gini coefficient and in rural migration. So it is suggested that policymakers have to pay special attention to investment in agriculture sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Investigating the Psychometric Indices of the Academic Factors Scale Affecting the Research Experience in Graduate Students of Chamran University of Ahwaz
yaser garavand alireza hajiyakhchaliThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included all graduate students o MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included all graduate students of Shahid Chamran University in Ahwaz in the academic year 1365-96, whose number was 1130. From this, 325 people were selected as a research sample by stratified random sampling method. The scale used in the study was the Tarban and Logue scale (2012), which has 32 materials and includes five sub-scales of research thinking, academic thinking, teacher support, peer support and research methods. The Reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and Test retest That's respectively in satisfactory coefficients of 0.85 and 0.82, Was obtained. To verify the validity of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used that the fitting indices of the model indicated a suitable fit for the model and therefore the validity of the scale, the results of t-test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students regarding the overall score of academic factors affecting research experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Investigating the Psychometric Indices of the Academic Factors Scale Affecting the Research Experience in Graduate Students of Chamran University of Ahwaz
Yaser Garavand Alireza Haji YakhchaliThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included al MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included all graduate students of Shahid Chamran University in Ahwaz in the academic year 1365-96, whose number was 1130. From this, 325 people were selected as a research sample by stratified random sampling method. The scale used in the study was the Tarban and Logue scale (2012), which has 32 materials and includes five sub-scales of research thinking, academic thinking, teacher support, peer support and research methods. The Reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and Test retest That's respectively in satisfactory coefficients of 0.85 and 0.82, Was obtained. To verify the validity of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used that the fitting indices of the model indicated a suitable fit for the model and therefore the validity of the scale, the results of t-test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students regarding the overall score of academic factors affecting research experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Moulana’s message to the world today and to the contemporary man
hosain gharibThe key difference between the world today and the past era could be sought in the quality of rationality and type of rationalism. Modern rationality with its potentials and capabilities has certain drawbacks which require extensive reconsiderations. Since Moulana MoreThe key difference between the world today and the past era could be sought in the quality of rationality and type of rationalism. Modern rationality with its potentials and capabilities has certain drawbacks which require extensive reconsiderations. Since Moulana has profound innovative and critical perspective about rationality, in this article inspired by his grand thoughts, debates over rationalism are attended to in order to clarify the shortcomings of this modern approach in the present world. The article seeks answers to two fundamental questions: What are the efficient ways of acquiring knowledge? What would be the likely outcome of such efficient rationalizations? In response to the first question, the main criteria for yielding the highest expected utility of the faculty of intellect such as learning and the interrelationship of reason and heart are each attended to and analyzed from different aspects. The answer to the second question involves finding the origin of the close association of knowledge and rationality with ability and strength. The latter are the main outcome of employing reason efficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Permeability Variation and Fracture/Crack Effects in Concrete/Rocks based on Multi-laminate Model
Farzad PeymanThe permeability matrix of rock is a physical/mechanical characteristic that closely relates to the microstructure of this heterogeneous geomaterial, and the orientation of micro-cracks led to some naturally existing micro-cracks. Upon the effects of loading/unloading a MoreThe permeability matrix of rock is a physical/mechanical characteristic that closely relates to the microstructure of this heterogeneous geomaterial, and the orientation of micro-cracks led to some naturally existing micro-cracks. Upon the effects of loading/unloading and high-temperature development, micro-cracks appear in critical zones of rock media that can effectively change the conductivity against gas or other fluids. Finally, macro cracks are generated and increase the porosity of the rock matrix on the distribution and geometrical arrangement. Consequently, the permeability becomes higher and depends on the stress/strain level of the rock body during loading/unloading and the passing fluidity interaction process. The influence of stress level and high temperature on rock's gas and water permeability has been studied in the literature. Fractured rock formations show vastly different properties, such as adsorption, etc., concerning permeability and storage capacity, thus giving rise to mass exchange processes between fractures and the surrounding matrix. This interaction between fracture and matrix impacts the flow and transport processes in the fractured subsurface, which can be observed on each scale considered for investigation purposes. The influence of fracture-matrix interaction has to be scrutinized upon the planned tests conforming to the natural condition when dealing with safety investigations or remediation possibilities. This paper shows some of the effects of fracture-matrix interaction and its geometry on groundwater flow in a saturated fractured rock/concrete media and the parameters describing those processes concerning different scales. A damage model concept contains fracture network generation, mesh generation, and appropriate discretization techniques based on presumed sampling between planes and polygons. The influence of a polygon matrix of finite porosity on the effective hydraulic conductivity tensor of a fractured system is illustrated by an example. In this research, we focus on determining the gas and water permeability of rock commonly used in transportation works, including loose/low strength and high strength/dense rock/concrete in interaction with pre-peak stress and damage level in post-peak behavior of rocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Factors affecting on canola farmers’ adoption of sustainable agriculture in Golestan province, Iran
Amir Ahmadpour Mohsen Moradian The study aim was identifying of effective factors on canola farmers’ adoption to sustainable agriculture. The research tools were the questionnaire, which panel of experts had confirmed its validity, and its reliability had been reported from 0.75 to 0.85. More The study aim was identifying of effective factors on canola farmers’ adoption to sustainable agriculture. The research tools were the questionnaire, which panel of experts had confirmed its validity, and its reliability had been reported from 0.75 to 0.85. The target population of the study consisted of all canola farmers in Golestan province (N=7543), according to Cochran’ formula, a number of 365 people were selected using statistical sampling in a stratified randomization method. Finally, 296 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed (n=296). The knowledge and adoption of canola farmers majority about sustainable agriculture were at moderate and acceptable levels, respectively. The main practices of sustainable agriculture were observing proper time for cultivating, proper time for using chemical fertilizers, and amount of seeds, respectively. Furthermore, the main pushing factors of developing sustainable agriculture were management factor, attitude toward sustainable agriculture, and the amount of using information channels, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis,social participation, extension-education participation, knowledge about and attitude toward sustainable agriculture”explained37.30 %of the variation of the adoption of sustainable agriculture bycanola farmers.In this regard, it is recommended that training sessions with providing the necessary incentives to farmers,besides increasing knowledge and improving their attitudes, the methods that contribute to the sustainability of crop production should be emphasized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Designing a sustainable system of production of canola in Qazvin Province using AMOS
Somayeh Jangchi Kashani Seyyed Jamaladdein Farajollah Hosseini Mehdi MirDamadiUncontrolled use of production inputs to improve crop yield and environment damage has gained the attentions about importance of sustainable production systems in addition to natural resources protection and its duration in recent decades. The current study aimed to des MoreUncontrolled use of production inputs to improve crop yield and environment damage has gained the attentions about importance of sustainable production systems in addition to natural resources protection and its duration in recent decades. The current study aimed to designing of sustainable system patterns of rapeseed production in Qazvin Province. To this purpose, 242 persons out of 987 rapeseed farmers were selected by Cochran formula in random. Information required was collected by questionnaire and random sampling. Collected data were analyzed using AMOS, SPSS software, statistically. Correlation analysis and structural equations showed that reducing of middlemen through rapeseed purchase by cooperative companies, insurance of agricultural products, prices fixation and financial support from the government to increase the added value, positive vision and belief of rapeseed producers, participation of the private sector, using of biological control techniques, reduction of product costs and support of production inputs for qualitative rapeseed production, movie documentary films direction on practical training in using of natural inputs, creating an efficient information system to rapeseed farmers play the main role in sustainability of producing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Application of different cases of Hargreaves-Samani and Jensen-Haise methods for estimating Alfalfa Reference crop evapotranspiration in Isfahan
Payam NajafiEstimating rate of actual evapotranspiration is very important for designing of the irrigation systems, storage construction and water conveyance structures. Many methods have been developed for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration. Amount of these methods are n MoreEstimating rate of actual evapotranspiration is very important for designing of the irrigation systems, storage construction and water conveyance structures. Many methods have been developed for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration. Amount of these methods are need different climatic parameters but providing all of the data those are necessary for ET0 is not always available and if have been provided, these data may be is not completely correct. Therefore some methods have developed to estimating ET0 with minimum data such as Hargreaves-Samani and Jensen-Haise methods. In this research, eight cases of these methods have been compared. These comparisons were made on the basis alfalfa lysimeter data from Kabotarabud, Isfahan. The results show that through of these cases, which were used Samani-Pessarakly equation for calculating Extraterrestrial Radiation, were estimating ET0 better than the others with 15 Percent Average Maximum Absolute Relative Error (MARE). In addition, these above mention cases were had higher correlation coefficient as compare to other cases, so with improved the main equations with linear regression, MARE were decreased until 9 Percent. Finally, as compared the two methods of calculating the HargreavesœSamani coefficient, Kt, the results showed that there was no considerable different between Allen's equation and Samani-Pessarakly's equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - The relation research of cold region wheat lines for yield with pattern of path coefficient analysis
Fahimeh Halali Soltanabad hamdollah Majidi Hervan darioush tagave alireza Nourmohammadi jalil ajali In order to compare Iranian cold region wheat lines and landraces for yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in 2005 at the Miyandoab agricultural research station. In this experiment 45 landraces of winter wheat collected from different More In order to compare Iranian cold region wheat lines and landraces for yield and yield components, an experiment was carried out in 2005 at the Miyandoab agricultural research station. In this experiment 45 landraces of winter wheat collected from different cold regions of Iran were planted at a randomized complete block design arrangement with three replications. Traits under study were, plant height, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of spikelets per spike, and numbers of kernel per spike. Results showed significant differences of lines in studied traits. Lines no. 29, 32, 36, 37 and 38 had higher harvest indices. It was also revealed that lines no.15, 18 and 13 produced the highest grain yield and yield components and therefore can be used in plant improvement programs for higher harvest index, dry weight, and grain yield. Path coefficient analysis of harvest index showed that the most effective traits for increasing harvest index were biomass weight and grain yield and these traits determined 90.2% of harvest index variations. Path coefficient analysis of grain yield also showed that the most effective traits for increasing grain yield were number of spikelets per spike and plant height and these traits determined 35.7% of grain yield variations. Manuscript profile
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