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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of Attraction, Maintanance, and Promotion of Azad University Facultes and Presentation of a Suitable Model for Improvement of the Present Situation
N. Gh. Ghorchian M. Eslam PanahAttracting and employing qualitied and Skillful experts and maintaining and promoting the facultiesprofessional lifen are among factors that influenc the efficiency and effectiveness in higher education system.This paper deals with the evalution of attraction, maintanan MoreAttracting and employing qualitied and Skillful experts and maintaining and promoting the facultiesprofessional lifen are among factors that influenc the efficiency and effectiveness in higher education system.This paper deals with the evalution of attraction, maintanancee and promotion of Azad University facultiesthrough a suitable model to improve the literature and comparative studies. Then it discusses the prespectiveframework which is as follows.Attraction and employment components with 20 Sub-titlesMaintanance component with 35 Sub-titlesTraining and development components with 21 Sub-titlesPromotion component with 40 Sub-titlesSkills and research duties components.Skills services and counseling duties componentsSkills and Virtual abilities componentsSkills and social obligation duties components.The statistical population of the study is the faculty members of Tehran Azed university. The 440 populationwere selectd through random class sampling To approve the model, 50 faculties and higher educationspecialists were selected.Respectively two kinds of questionaires were designed and then the data was analyzed through descriptiveand inferential statisties (Factor analysis, K-score and correlation coefficient matrix).The results show that the total framework of the model enjoys high propertion. Most of the respondants (24out of 45) focused on the suitable optin and 21 people facoused on the suitable one. This indicares that themodel meets the requirements of faculty members, as well as the higher education experts.To evaluate the relationship between the total perspective framework of the model and the aims andphilosophy, and also to evaluate the relationship between the models tneories and the schematic model, aimsand philosophy, spearman rank correlation is used. The results of the matrix show that the correlation ispositively siguificant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Identification and Classification of Albarello Pottery Wares in the Muslim World: An Introduction
Sayed Hashem Hossini Hossein SapidnamehOne of the most common forms of pottery in the Islamic world is the so-called “Albarello” potteries which offer a huge variety in terms of decoration and techniques. It seems there is no specific study on the form, preparation technique, and decoration of th MoreOne of the most common forms of pottery in the Islamic world is the so-called “Albarello” potteries which offer a huge variety in terms of decoration and techniques. It seems there is no specific study on the form, preparation technique, and decoration of this pottery form so far. This research aimed to investigate and identify this pottery form and its decoration properties in Muslim world from Iran to the north of Africa. Based on the study performed, Albarello potteries can be classified under two groups: the potteries with a cylindrical and slightly concave (vase-shaped) body and those with a convex body. Cylindrical concave potteries are utilized for keeping dry drugs such as spices and ointment, and convex potteries are used for storing liquid drugs. The production of these potteries has been widespread in Iran since the 4th century AH. The expansion of pottery techniques in the middle of Seljuqs dynasty has had a direct relationship with the mass production of these potteries (Luster pottery) in Iran and western regions of the Islamic world such as Syria, Egypt, and Spain. References Akbari, Raheleh, Barrisī wa Muṭāliih- yi Madjmūa- yi Sufālhāyi Zarrīnfām- i Makhzan- i Mūza- yi čihil-Sutūn (Chehel Sotoun), Master's Thesis Akbarnia, ladan “The route of the travelers Egypt and Syria the mamluk”, the worlds of Islam in the collection of the agha khan museum, pp.124-135, 2009. archaeology, ­ Isfahan University of Art(Unpublished), 1391/ 2012. Allan, JamesWilson, Sufālgarī-yi Islāmī (Islamic ceramics), Trans. Mahnaz Shayestehfar, Institute for Islamic Art, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. Bahnassi, Afif, Hunar- i Islāmī, Trans. Mahmoud Pour Aghasi, Sooreh Mehr Publication, Tehran, 1387/ 2008. Barari, Meysam, Sufāl-i- Sārī Ḳurūn- i 3 tā 5 Hidjrīyi Ḳamarī, Gol Dasteh, Isfahan, 1394/ 2015. Blair, Sheila & Bloom, Jonathan, Hunar wa Mimārī yi Islāmī(2)(The art and architecture of Islam), Trans. Azhand Yaghoub, SAMT, Iranian Academy of the Arts, Tehran, 1381/ 2002. Brend, Barbara, Hunar- i Islāmī (Islamic Art), Trans. Mahnaz Shayesteh Far, Institute for Islamic Art, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. http://cartelen.louvre.fr http://collections.vam.ac.uk Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar, Lughat-Nāma, Vol. 7, Mohammad Moin & Jafar Shahidi(as Supervisor), University of Tehran Press, (Und.). Dimand, Maurice Sven, Rāhnamā- yi Ṣanāy Islāmī (A Handbook of Muhammadan Art), Shirkat- i Intishārāt- i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Elgood, Cyril, Tibb dar Dawra-yi Ṣafawiyya, Trans. Mohsen Javidan, University of Tehran Press,Tehran, (Und.). Ettinghausen, Richard, Grabar, Oleg, Hunar wa Mimārī- yi Islāmī(1) the art and architecture of islam, Trans. Yaghoub Azhand, SAMT, Tehran, 1383/ 2004. Grabar, Oleg, Shahr dar Djahān- i Islām, Trans. Mehrdad Vahdati Daneshmand, Nashr- i Baṣīrat, Tehran, 1390/ 2011. Grube, Ernst J., Sufāl- i Islāmī(collection of Islamic art), Revised by Naser Khalili, Nashr- i Kārang, Tehran, 1384/ 2005. Haddon, Rosalind Anne Wade, Fourteenth Century fine Glazed Wares produced in the Iranian world, and comparisons with contemporary ones from the Holden Horde and Mamluk Syria/ Egypt, PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London, 2011. Hall, A. R., A new collection of Islamic Pottery, Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts 32 : 58-67, 1934. Karimi, Fatemeh & Kiani, Muhammad Yusuf, Hunar- i Sufālgarī- yi Dawra- yi Islāmī Iran, Markaz- i Bāstān Shināsī Iran, Tehran, 1364/ 1985. Kāshānī, Abū al- Ḳāsim ʿAbdallah, Arāyis al- Djawāhir wa Nafāyis al- Aṭāyib, Revised by Iraj Afshar, Intishārāt- i Lāmiʿī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Lane, A., Later Islamic pottery, (second edition), London, 1971. Mahjour, Firoz & Sedighian, Hosein, “Barrisī- yi Sufālhāyi Islāmī Muḥawwaṭa- yi Mishkīn Tappeh Parandak Dar Ustān- i Markazī”, Madjala- yi Payām- i Bāstān Shinās, No.12, pp.120- 105, 1388/ 2009. www.metmuseum.org/art/collection Morgan, Peter, Sufāl KhamÊr SangÊ IranÊ Dawrān SaljåÎi, Islamic Ceramic Collection, Collected by Naser Khalili & Stephen Vernoit, Tehran, 1384. Muḥammad Ḥusayn b. Khalaf Tabrīzī, Burhān- i Ḳāṭi, Amīrkabīr, Tehran, 1341/ 1962. Neyestani, Javad & Rouhfar, Zohreh, Sākht- i-Liāb- i Zarrīnfām dar Iran, Ārmān Shahr, Tehran, 1389/ 2010. http://www.qantara-med.org Sedighian, Hossain & Panteha HajNaseri, “Sufāl-i-Zarrinfam Kurån MÊyānih Islami wa Marākiz tawlÊdÊ ān”, Majalih Muãāliāt BāstānShināsÊ Dawrān-i-Islami, No.1, 1395. Rice,Talbot , Hunar- i Islāmī(islamic art), Trans. Mah Malek Bahar, Shirkat- i Intishārāt- i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, Tehran, 1386/ 2007. Tawḥīdī, Fāʾiḳ, Fann wa Hunar- i Sufālgarī, SAMT, Tehran, 1384/ 2005. Treptow, Tanya, Daily Life Ornamented the Medieval Persian City of Rayy, Chicago: Oriental Institute Museum Publications, No.26,­ 2007. Watson, Oliver, Sufāl- i Zarrīnfām- i Iranī (Persian lustre ware), Trans. Shokooh Zakeri, Iran Broadcasting University, 1382/ 2003. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Determination of the amplitude-frequency for strongly nonlinear oscillator by two approximate analytical techniques
Amir Ayazi Hadi Ebrahimi Khah -
Open Access Article
4 - Calculating formation range of binary amorphous alloys fabricated by electroless plating
Bangwei Zhang Shuzhi Liao Xiaolin Shu Haowen Xie -
Open Access Article
5 - The static properties and form factors of the deuteron using the different forms of the Wood–Saxon potential
B. Rezaei A. Dashtimoghadam -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the relationship between the role of actors in formulating a public policy on the implementation of health policies of the administrative system (Case study: Provincial organizations of Khuzestan province)
farhad Gheisari sanjar salajeghe Farzaneh Bigzadeh Abbasi Ayoob SheikhyBackground: One of the reasons for the lack of proper implementation of public policies is the lack of communication between public policy makers and executives. If the public policy makers are involved with the implementation, many problems will be lost, but in practic MoreBackground: One of the reasons for the lack of proper implementation of public policies is the lack of communication between public policy makers and executives. If the public policy makers are involved with the implementation, many problems will be lost, but in practice this is not the case. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the role of actors in formulating a public policy on the implementation of the health policy of the administrative system. Method: In this study, to identify the actors in the formulation of public policy, experts from previous history in the field of public policy were used and then, by combining the components extracted from the theoretical foundations of research, a questionnaire on the role of actors in the formulation of a general policy setting It turned out To identify the health policies of the administrative system. Findings: In this study, 13 actors involved in the formulation of public policy were identified, with the highest average score (63.6) for the mass media. Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the role of actors in the formulation of public policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - investigate the effect of the background of the formation of the policy administrative health system on the inter-organizational performance mediated by transparency in Kermanshah governorate
reza taghvaei sara sheikhbaklooThe aim: of this study was to investigate the effect of the background of the formation of the policy and policy of the administrative health system on the inter-organizational performance mediated by transparency in Kermanshah governorate.This research was a descriptiv MoreThe aim: of this study was to investigate the effect of the background of the formation of the policy and policy of the administrative health system on the inter-organizational performance mediated by transparency in Kermanshah governorate.This research was a descriptive survey research and was conducted cross-sectionally and was of applied purpose type and had a mixed nature (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the qualitative section included experts and specialists in the field of policy-making, including university professors and experts with experience in Kermanshah governorate, and the statistical population of the quantitative sector included all employees of Kermanshah governorate during 1399 to 400 people. The statistical sample in the qualitative section was selected by purposeful available method to 12 people and the statistical sample in the quantitative section was selected using the Morgan and Krejcie table and 196 people were selected by available random sampling method. The findings of the study showed that out of 196 employees of Kermanshah governorate who were present in this study in a small section, 172 were men and 24 were women, and most of them with a large number of 69 people have master's and higher education. On the other hand, most of them were between 41 and 50 years old with a frequency of 88 people, and most of the employees with a frequency of 61 people had more than 16 years of service experience. The level of background for the formation of the administrative health system policy was about 59.4%, the level of transparency was approximately 59.2% and the inter-organizational performance was 60.2%.The results of the quantitative part of the research using structural equations with PLS software showed that the background of health system policy formation had a 26% effect on inter-organizational performance. Background The formation of health system policy explained 60% transparency and 73% transparency affected inter-organizational performance. In general, it can be concluded that the background of the formation of the health system policy has a 44% effect on the inter-organizational performance of Kermanshah governorate through the mediation of transparency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of middle scale urban form in accordance with transect as a theory and approach
Mehran Alalhesabi Mostafa Behzadfar Elnaz Amirhodaeiدر این مقاله با تأکید بر ضرورت ارزیابی هنجاری فرم، تئوری و رهیافت تغییر تدریجی به عنوان مبنای این سنجش معرفی شده است. به این دلیل تغییر تدریجی به عنوان مبنای ارزیابی انتخاب شده است که هم در حال حاضر به طور گسترده در پروژه های طراحی و برنامه ریزی شهری نظام های شهرسازی ار Moreدر این مقاله با تأکید بر ضرورت ارزیابی هنجاری فرم، تئوری و رهیافت تغییر تدریجی به عنوان مبنای این سنجش معرفی شده است. به این دلیل تغییر تدریجی به عنوان مبنای ارزیابی انتخاب شده است که هم در حال حاضر به طور گسترده در پروژه های طراحی و برنامه ریزی شهری نظام های شهرسازی اروپا و امریکا – و نمونه های متأخر در خاورمیانه – به عنوان رهیافت کلی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد و هم از سوی نوشهرگرایان به عنوان راهکار منطبق با اصول رشد هوشمند و دستیابی به فرم پایدار شهر معرفی شده است. بنابراین استخراج شاخص های ارزیابی هنجاری فرم براساس تغییر تدریجی، هدف اصلی این مقاله می باشد. در فرآیند استخراج شاخص های ارزیابی، تغییر تدریجی از منظر تئوری و چارچوب عملیاتی مورد مداقه و بررسی قرار گرفت و مفهوم دوگانۀ تغییر تدریجی در قالب دو بعد ماهوی و رویه ای ارائه شد. بررسی مفهومی ابعاد مختلف تغییر تدریجی نشان می دهد که تغییر تدریجی به عنوان فرآیند جامع مداخله در محیط های مصنوع، قابلیت اعمال در کلیۀ مقیاس ها را دارد. در نهایت به دلیل آنکه استخراج مؤلفه ها نیازمند همسطح سازی است، اصول (در واژۀ عام) مورد نظر تغییر تدریجی براساس میزان عملیاتی بودنشان در قالب سلسله مراتبی از چشم انداز تا سیاست تفکیک می شوند و اصولی که در سطح سیاست طبقه بندی شده اند، مبنای استخراج مؤلفه ها قرار می گیرند. دسته بندی اصول تغییر تدریجی در قالب چشم انداز، هدف کلان، هدف خرد، راهبرد و سیاست یک چارچوب مفهومی است که علاوه بر تأکید بر چند سطحی بودن نظام هدایت و کنترل تغییر تدریجی، به منظور انتخاب مؤلفه های هم سطح برای تدوین شاخص ها ارائه شده است. بنابراین محل بحث تفاوت هایی که بین عناصر هدف گذاری از منظر رویکردها و نظریه پردازان مختلف داخلی و خارجی در جریان پروژه های طراحی شهری مطرح می شود، نمی باشد. با انتخاب روش استخراج شاخص ها براساس سه رکن «بعد»، «مؤلفه» و «شاخص» و با تأکید براستفاده از دانش های مختلف در گسترش یکدیگر، اکولوژی به عنوان دیسیپلین پایۀ و مفسر مؤلفه های تغییر تدریجی انتخاب شد. از مفاهیم اکولوژی به عنوان مبنایی جهت تعیین حد و حدود یک تئوری یا اصل دیگر، بسیار محدود استفاده شده است. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد که تغییر تدریجی از بین تمام اصول اکولوژی، بر پایۀ مفاهیم «اکوسیستم»، «مجموعۀ زیستی»، «تنوع»، «توالی» و «هم فرگشت» بنا شده است. با بررسی عمیق این مفاهیم به عنوان مؤلفه های تغییر تدریجی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل تطبیقی، نقاط لنگرگاهی آنها استخراج و با توجه به محیط مصنوع و عناصر آن که در طراحی و برنامه ریزی شهری مبتنی بر تغییر تدریجی مورد مداخله قرار می گیرند، بازتعریف شدند. در نهایت «همجواری»، «تسلسل مکانی»، «سازواری گونه عناصر با محیط بر حسب تعداد گونه»، «سازواری گونه عناصر با محیط برحسب جمعیت عناصر»، «سازواری گونه عناصر با یکدیگر»، «تنوع گونه پهنه»، «تنوع گونه عنصر»، «کلیماکس»، «گذار» و «دگردیسی عناصر» به عنوان شاخص های ارزیابی هنجاری فرم مبتنی بر تغییر تدریجی و براساس معیار «کاراکتر شهری» تبیین شدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Explaining the impact of paradigm on changes in form in contemporary architecture
Ghazal SafdarianNowadays, the position of form in architecture is much criticized due to a plurality of votes in the regard. The position of form in architecture with different definitions in different eras is the result of the ways of thought and worldview dominating on that intellect MoreNowadays, the position of form in architecture is much criticized due to a plurality of votes in the regard. The position of form in architecture with different definitions in different eras is the result of the ways of thought and worldview dominating on that intellectual period in which architectural form as the outermost layer is always one of its manifestations. Here, what to be addressed is the trend of contemporary intellectual currents influencing the architectural form to be crystallized in particular forms in different periods. According to what was mentioned, in this paper, using the text content analysis, it is attempted to analyze the architectural paradigms mainly after the Industrial Revolution in Europe and then it is attempted to criticize its impact on form in respect to its architectural theories. Finally, the highlighted form features in each period are categorized and specified. Architecture changes over time demonstrate differences in work creators’ thought, somehow influencing or being influenced by the dominant paradigms of that period. Changes that are increased according to today’s pluralistic world so that we, in short periods of time, observe major changes which might be unavoidable in all aspects of society and in the architecture of that time. Form in architecture in respect to its special features in communicating with the surroundings has always undergone fundamental changes considered much at a time, becoming a sort of thinking language and at a later time becoming a cover in displaying totality of architecture. In general, form can be observed as the result of objective ideas affected by a series of factors requiring different senses in any style. form as one of the most influential indicators shaping architecture framework reflects the worldview defining the dominant thought in that period. It is obvious that there is a close relationship between form and paradigm. Architectural form is always shaped and becomes meaningful under the influence of its dominant paradigm. In addition, other factors such as the human mind and imagination create a wide range of arenas in architecture and art with the aid of technology that each requires a body architecture inspired by the spirit of its time. Form along with texture, shape and color is among the indicators influencing the definition of body architecture, which has always been much discussed as far as the form-oriented architecture and performance-oriented architecture are among the common concepts in contemporary architecture, considered as a challenge among architects. The performance-oriented architecture that was founded with the emergence of modern architecture regarded efficiency and performance as a principle in architecture and offer a new definition of form in architecture that was simplicity and removing the ornaments. The form-oriented view that was based on the principle of putting form over architecture was mainly promoted by thinkers such as Aldo Rossi emphasizing form and form complexities as the abstract language of architecture. Generally we observe forming combined views considering the importance of both views in architecture. emphasis on the concept of form beauties is meaningful along with the proper performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Cohering central part of Shiraz Urban design guidelines toward a more coherent urban form based on complexity theory
Hossein Bahrainy Mehran ForoughifarOld cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new chal MoreOld cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new challenges and demands by which various qualities of old cities has been altered or vanished forever, as urban cohesion and wholeness. Cohesion and wholeness are two related concepts where the former one is a fundamental condition to reach the later one. In this paper, wholeness is defined as an integrated system, consisted of different elements and their relations which can tolerate no changes, since a trivial one may change it into another system. Moreover, cohesion is considered as an important quality of relations between different elements of the whole. Although cohesion can be seen with various scales in different layers of cities, the layer we emphasize on in this paper is the built environment. For theoretical frame work of this paper we used complexity theory with emphasis on Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros theories about wholeness and coherent urban form. We extracted principals of urban coherence to evaluate the cohesion of central part of Shiraz and to make design guidelines to achieve cohesion. These principle are: coupling, diversity, boundary, forces, organization, hierarchy, interdependence, and decomposition. And also a wide range of valid records, documents, and maps are used which enabled us to illustrate the main structure of this old city, before its destruction in Pahlavi era. Taking into account all of these principles, we focused on these questions: does cohesion exist in the ancient area of this city? Can we find some application of these principals in old city that could be as a foundation for design guidelines? As our first contribution, we used the principles and evaluated their existence by applying them to an old area of Shiraz city which dates back to the Zand era. Due to our promising results, mentioned principles can be seen in old city. On one hand, the existence of these principles in the old city means that the old area follows the rules of complex system theory so it emphasizes that the old area is a coherent area. On the other hand, it suggests some design principals and patterns that can be considered as a foundation for design guidelines towards cohering and coupling contemporary city. Our second contribution is a design guideline for cohering contemporary cities by connecting two adjacent areas. These guidelines are: complementarity of adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of area in its edges, reducing unlimited views, reducing parcel size of edges, reducing the distance between adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of edge parcels, priority of pedestrian movements, increasing the diversity of functions, increasing the diversity of forms, and increase the homogeneity of parcels in a street. By using these guidelines we can increase the connectivity of two adjacent areas in the first step and increase the cohesion of the whole city in the last step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Typology of Sustainable Urban Form and Urban Structure, With a view to Tehran
azadeh gharaei Esfandiar Zebardast Hamid MajediUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons fo MoreUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons for differences in the definition of these concepts as follows: the difference in scales and areas of research, different ways of words translating, different semantic content for similar indicators, view of planner or designer and etc. So the author is looking for detailed analysis and explanation of the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure. we can find out that the urban spatial structure and urban form in some parts and some variables such as natural landscape, transport infrastructure, communication networks, spatial pattern of land use, morphology of housing, density and etc. have overlaps, but not completely overlapping or following. In other words, if we classify the definitions of these two concepts into three levels: the macro level (metropolitan areas), middle level (cities and regions) and micro levels (neighborhoods and neighborhoods units), at the middle level, the implications of these two concepts have overlaps, so in this scale, the two concepts cab be equated. However at the macro level, the components of urban spatial structure and at the micro level, the elements of urban form can be clearer to explain the issue. Although some researchers use urban spatial structure for micro scale or urban form for macro scale, but in this article, by analysis of comments of majority of experts, it has been argued that the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure at the middle scale equally, the components of urban form at the micro scale and the elements and variables of urban spatial structure at the macro scale can repaint the nature of urban development issues with a more accurate method. On the other hand, urban form and spatial structure of the city are known as one of the most important sources of environmental, economic and social instability. There are many ways to achieve a sustainable future for urban and regional scales. In this research with an analytical view, the author want to identify how urban form and spatial structure affect Tehran sustainability. In this research, after collecting information and analyzing the spatial layers, using the K-Means Clustering Model and the softwares of GIS and Python, we classified the 22 districts of Tehran into six clusters based on the urban-form and urban spatial structure indicators in the middle scale. The similarities between the form and spatial structure indicators in each of these categories make such categorization and typology meaningful. Also we classified these districts into six clusters besed on the urban sustainability indexes by using K-Means Clustering Model The overlap of clustering in Tehran's districts based on the form and spatial structure indicators and on the basis of sustainability indicators, shows urban form and urban spatial structure factors affect sustainability directly. Determining the extent of this relationship will be important in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An investigation into geometric-formal pattern of Isfahan Naghsh-e Jahan Complex in order to identify the motional structure of layers from the aspect of Formalism Doctrine
Hirad Hosseinian jamaledin soheili Fariba AlborziIntroduction: Formal-Geometric pattern is considered as a component which gives sense to the formation of shapes in a generality like geometry making it possible to create a purposeful situation regarding the composition of shapes from the aspect of geometric relations. MoreIntroduction: Formal-Geometric pattern is considered as a component which gives sense to the formation of shapes in a generality like geometry making it possible to create a purposeful situation regarding the composition of shapes from the aspect of geometric relations. Hence, it should be born in mind that this paradigm shall be definable based on formability of shapes from the perspective of formalism, in such a manner that given the structure of productive systems on the basis of a range of formal principles, it would be feasible to achieve certain relations based on formalism doctrine such as Dorand who defined the initial constituents of mold (frame) so that the intersection of combined criteria of shapes brought about by the aspect Carrier and Herdeg counting the basic elements including point, line, surface and volume to analyze these principles, in such wise the presence of such visual tools in formation the formal structure. Method: Thus, the aim was to analyze the geometric relations of the complex by benefitting from the interpretive- historical nature of investigation as well as understand the relations among them through inference of the components brought about by investigation variables, Afterwards, the relations of existing variables shall be discovered in terms of the mentioned tables by taking advantage of analyzing the tables resulted from the formal-geometric pattern of the complex and eventually attain to the details of this geometric-formal pattern using a type of analogical reasoning as well as a coding method of motional structure of layers within complex, in such a manner that a scrutinized description to understand this method towards the recognition of formation process of the complex in different eras shall be obtained. Results: shall lead to produce a motional structure from the perspective of formal principles expressing a method through understanding and formulations certain principle towards its identification including the coding of formal-motional structure of layers in Naghshe- Jahan Complex, justifying the milestone of formation procedure of the complex by identifying the mentioned codes in diverse eras. Conclusion: through which it might be possible to provide a proper response to an equivalence towards advancement of form and performance of Naghsh-e Jahan Complex by posing the following question: “How it might be possible to obtain the advancement of form and performance in Naghshe Jahan Complex through the investigation of geometric pattern and Motional-Formal structure brought about by it? so, it is possible to arrive at a new classification of the layered performance of the layers from the past to the present, which leads to the simultaneous advancement of the form and function in Isfahan Naghsh-e Jahan Complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Spatial Evaluation of Urban Form with Respect ToConstruction Density in Yazd
mohammadmahdi azizi Mojtaba ArastehYazd is one of the most famous cities in Iran, and perhaps in the world, because of its special characteristic in urban design and architecture. Historical district of this city, according to the city's cultural background and based on its climate features, is an exampl MoreYazd is one of the most famous cities in Iran, and perhaps in the world, because of its special characteristic in urban design and architecture. Historical district of this city, according to the city's cultural background and based on its climate features, is an example of specific structure and compact form of a city. While the form of development in the past was interactive with the climate and environment conditions, today, the development pattern of Yazd is converted to dispersal mode and unbalanced growth pattern; this pattern have made lots of urban form in different zone of the city. The purpose of this paper is to investigate construction density with respect to population density, distance to central business district, to the sub-centers, population density, land price, urban block area and cost of public transition in Yazd. Multiple regression analysis is used as the research method. Simple sampling method is used To select districts. So, at first, six district selected (Fahadan and Sheikhdad as central districts; Sare’dorah and Maskan’o’shahrsazi as middle districts; Azadshahr and Safa’eeye as outer and developing districts). After selecting the sample districts, the sample size from each settlement had to be identified. Stratified random sampling (Proportional allocation) is used to do this process and totally, 72 sample extract and study for this research. Construction density is seen as a dependent variable (Because the principle is that wherever physical development has occurred, the construction density increases) and the others as independent variables of the analysis. According to the results of the analysis, construction density of the neighborhoods is a function of distance to central business district, distance to the sub-centers, urban block area and price of land (with negative correlation coefficient) and population density (with positive correlation coefficient). There is no relationship between the construction density and cost of public transition. So, it can be interpreted that construction density increases by reducing the distance to the city center. This fact lonely explains the spread of physical structure in city of Yazd. Also, the negative correlation coefficient between construction density and distance to the sub-centers shows the distributing of compact districts in sprawl urban areas. The positive correlation coefficient between construction density and population density shows that somewhere population density increases, the construction density increases too. As considering that the average area of city block from the center to the periphery increases in city of Yazd, it can be said that the construction density decreases from center to periphery. The negative correlation coefficient between construction density and land price is one of the Interesting and distinctive results in this study. This finding shows that if the city spreads in periphery lands, the land prices in this area will increased. On the other hand, land demand in the periphery of Yazd is promoting and Residents of the city of Yazd, in contrast with intensive development in the past time, are now more willingness to live in detached houses. It is the sign of the increasing occurrence of urban sprawl in Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of middle scale urban form in accordance with transect as a theory and approach
Mehran Alalhesabi Mostafa Behzadfar Elnaz AmirhodaeiIn different periods, urban form as substantial dimension of urban design has been core issue involving all urban designers with different approaches. The literature reviewing indicates that urban form can be treated with various approaches under positive or normative p MoreIn different periods, urban form as substantial dimension of urban design has been core issue involving all urban designers with different approaches. The literature reviewing indicates that urban form can be treated with various approaches under positive or normative point of view. According to the issues involved in urban measurement, different point of views lead to explore three interrelated aspects of urban s tudy- the Measurement, Evaluation, and Representation of urban form. In addition there is a need to adopt a strategic approach in dealing with urban issues. Therefore, the paper considering with normative point of view put emphasis on urban form evaluation.In recent years, mos t recent innovation of new urbanism so called “transect” has been a very common theory and approach in urban design and planning specifically in America and Europe, although it is being used in a limited way in the Middle East. The transect approach described in this paper is based on a publication known as the Lexicon, a multi-authored compendium of New Urbanis t definitions and codes. Urban design and planning seek to create an immersive environment. This type of environment can be created by specifying and arranging the elements which comprise that environment in a way that is true to locational character which seems to be intrinsic to the place. To be immersive in urban environments is identified with their level and intensity of urban character. There is no scrutiny of how urban form has been created in accordance with transect theory and transect approach is characterized while much more research has been done on transect theoretical framework. Therefore the paper presents an overview of transect as theory and approach, exploring how urban form can be evaluated in accordance with transect.In this regard, transect indices are identified by using three-s teps research methodology that is characterized in determination of “dimensions”, “components” and “indices”. Principles of transect are categorized in “substantial” and “procedural” dimensions. This research uses “ecology” as a basic discipline for interpretation of “components”. In other words, “ecology” has been a reliable criterion to extract indices. In this regard, basic concepts of ecology conceptualizing transect are recognized—“ecosys tem”, “community”, “diversity”, “succession”, and “coevolution”. Afterwards, critical issues and concepts that have to be redefined in order to interpret of “components” and “indices” are determined by comparative comparison between transect and ecology as basic discipline. In addition, it’s done to redefine basic concepts in macro level – scale and context – in transect in according to what they are meaning in ecology. Therefore, transect indices are extracted from these basic concepts as “components”. They are as follows: “juxtaposition”, “locational sequence”, “suitability between urban elements types and urban character of environment” that has been defined by “number of types been found” and “population of elements with specific type”, “suitability between urban elements compared to each other”, “diversity of transect zone types”, “diversity of urban elements types”, “climax”, “transition”, and “coevolution of urban elements”. Eventually the paper present a framework in order to quantify these indices according to relative abundance formula.Keywords: Urban Form Evaluation, New Urbanism, Transect, Principle of Ecology, Urban Character (Urban Intensity) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analyzing Urban Environment Regarding Visual Quality (Case Study: Visibility in Old Fabric of Bushehr)
Seyyed Bagher Hosseini Mehran Alalhesabi Fatemeh NassabiVisual aspect is one of those lots of aspects which influence neighborhood quality. Visibility is an important factor of environmental and urban quality. This study is concentrated to find whether the visual quality of housing and urban open space in the neighborhoods i MoreVisual aspect is one of those lots of aspects which influence neighborhood quality. Visibility is an important factor of environmental and urban quality. This study is concentrated to find whether the visual quality of housing and urban open space in the neighborhoods is influenced with urban form and its objective is to find the relationship between open space form of the neighborhood unique fabric, its organic pathways, a linear main access which divides this fabric to two parts and visibility. So open space visibility of neighborhood in old fabric of Bushehr and their isovist properties have been analyzed in a correlational research. The case study was a neighborhood public space in spatial configuration located in Bushehr that is surrounded by urban development and sea. Compact urban space, squares, long and narrow streets shape this fabric. One of the characteristics of this morphology is its composition as a set of rather long and narrow streets with number of squares different in shape.This study shows that isovist tool is applicable in analyzing visual quality in urban fabric. In this research two forms of urban open space has been analyzed to evaluate visibility using Syntax2D. Six isovist measures in grid and two paths have been studied that correlations between these measures have been compared with each other in two paths. Findings show that area and perimeter indices have the highest correlation. In organic path these two indices have highest value reaching Enghelab Avenue that divides this fabric in two parts and also these measures are higher in local squares than long and narrow streets. On the other hand these indices remain unchanged in linear path. Drift index that studies the longest possible line of sight raises dramatically reaching Enghelab Avenue while it almost stabilizes inside the organic path. Turning to linear path, this index is the highest at the ends and the lowest in the middle of the path. Occlusive index that is the proportion of the perimeter on the solid boundary of the environment Shows fluctuation in organic path unlike linear path. While Compactness index that shows how close the observers feels themselves to the environment shows notable variations in organic path having a steady graph in linear path. Circularity index that is the square of the perimeter to area as is influenced by details in space shows significant changes in organic path while it is nearly stabilized in linear path. It can be said as a result that urban form has relationship with its visibility; meaning that the organic path creates a variety of isovist indexes unlike linear path that divides the neighborhood fabric in two parts. Furthermore, the analysis shows that squares which are the place of social interactions are more compact than the streets of the neighborhood as they define non physical geometries and variety in the spatial experiences is achieved moving within them. Finally the study shows that the form of neighborhood open space plays an important role in its high visual quality and the quality of housing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Role of Urban Sustainable Development Revenues in Spatial-Physical Planning
Alireza Andalib Seyed Mohammad Ali Sabet Ghadam One of the important items in gaining to urban constant development is constant incomes. This matter has an effective and impressionable role in spatial-physical planning of the cities. On the other hand, in adoption of the policies of urban development, consider More One of the important items in gaining to urban constant development is constant incomes. This matter has an effective and impressionable role in spatial-physical planning of the cities. On the other hand, in adoption of the policies of urban development, considering to the private public benefits is so important. With consideration to necessity in being of urban planning and with the objective of introduction to mutual relationships among the effective indexes, this Article studies on the objective of the article in the frame of theories of local governments, urban spaces, social inequality, spatial separation-selecting and some discussions consisting of financial federalism and axes of operation on containing theory. Concerning to this matter, system for providing the financial resources of the city is fulfilled through establishment of constant incomes and consideration to the local-crucial observing on the base of partnership planning in appearance of directors, architectural and urban specialists, residents, citizens and investors, financial institutions and banks in the frame of local governments (urban united management). This subject is an important fact in direction of improvement of urban discordant development for sectional equilibrium on the base of the considered indexes of spatial-physical planning in the frame of plans of urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Principles underlying the meaningful design of typical visual axes: An analytical-comparative approach
Mohammad Reza Pourjafar Ali Reza Sadeghi Improvement of visual – formal qualities of the urban public realm plays an important role in urban design and improving the environmental quality. Identifying, organizing, meaningful design and conservation of visual axes toward typical v More Improvement of visual – formal qualities of the urban public realm plays an important role in urban design and improving the environmental quality. Identifying, organizing, meaningful design and conservation of visual axes toward typical visual values are the key factors influencing the visual – formal quality of the urban public realm. To identify and introduce the global rules governing the meaningful design of typical intra-urban visual axes, this study was devoted to recognition of the common characteristics of such visual axes through descriptive, analytical, comparative methods of research as well as literature review and use of photo documentation. Role of the visual axis in realization of aims and theoretical principles of urban design is also considered. Results of the present study would suggest an emphasis on such necessary criteria as considering the visual axis as system with visual quality, application of topography and level difference in visual axis design, the function of view shed as a public realm which could be used publicly, a desirable constraint and appropriate body elevation to emphasize on the role of visual qualities in visual axis design, consideration of role of behavioral place in visual axis design, amplification of invitation through some specific function of the body or the end element, and employing the characterized ecological elements in design and improvement the visual axes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Role of Structure in the Aesthetic Creation of Architectural Space
Fatemeh Nejati Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi -
Open Access Article
19 - Recognition the Sociological and Architectural Components based on Geographical Segmentation Technique by Value-normative Paradigm
Mobina Rouhi Darab Diba Naser Fakouhi -
Open Access Article
20 - The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
21 - Modeling Airflow in Urban Form against Sand Accumulation: a Case of Saltation in the Town of Timimoun in Southern Algeria
Djamel Mestoul Rafik Bensalem Luc Adolphe -
Open Access Article
22 - Analysis of Visual Impacts in Compact City’s Form
Nima Mouhebati -
Open Access Article
23 - The Form of Residential Buildings on Local Winds: Air Pollution Reduction
Tina Sadat Sadrolgharavi Mohammad Javad Mahdavinejad -
Open Access Article
24 - Technology and Urban Form: A Philosophical and Historical Perspective
Abbas Shieh -
Open Access Article
25 - The new implicit finite difference scheme for two-sided space-time fractional partial differential equation
Hamid Reza Khodabandehlo Elyas Shivanian Shaaban MostafaeeFractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solv MoreFractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. Stability, consistency, and (therefore) convergence of the method are examined. It is shown that the fractional method based on the shifted Grunwald formula is unconditionally stable. This study concerns both theoretical and numerical aspects, where we deal with the construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. A numerical example is presented and compared with exact solution for its order of convergence./////////Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. Stability, consistency, and (therefore) convergence of the method are examined. It is shown that the fractional method based on the shifted Grunwald formula is unconditionally stable. This study concerns both theoretical and numerical aspects, where we deal with the construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. A numerical example is presented and compared with exact solution for its order of convergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The generalized Jacobson’s trace form
امیرحسین نخودکاردر این مقاله فرم رد جیکوبسن را به فرمهای هرمیتی پادمتقارن روی جبرهای تقسیم کواترنیون با برگردان متعامد در مشخصهی دلخواه تعمیم میدهیم. با استفاده از این فرم تعمیمیافته، یک ردهبندی از فرمهای هرمیتی مذکور ارائه مینمائیم. همچنین نشان میدهیم یک فرم هرمیتی ایزوتروپ ( Moreدر این مقاله فرم رد جیکوبسن را به فرمهای هرمیتی پادمتقارن روی جبرهای تقسیم کواترنیون با برگردان متعامد در مشخصهی دلخواه تعمیم میدهیم. با استفاده از این فرم تعمیمیافته، یک ردهبندی از فرمهای هرمیتی مذکور ارائه مینمائیم. همچنین نشان میدهیم یک فرم هرمیتی ایزوتروپ (متابولیک) است اگر و تنها اگر فرم رد جیکوبسن تعمیمیافتهی آن ایزوتروپ (متابولیک) باشد. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Turing instability and pattern formation in reaction-diffusion models
َAli AtabaigiPatterns are found everywhere and the past fifty years studies have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms . In this paper, we study those systems that develop temporary patterns. Special emphasis is made on Turing instabilities as one of the most common sources o MorePatterns are found everywhere and the past fifty years studies have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms . In this paper, we study those systems that develop temporary patterns. Special emphasis is made on Turing instabilities as one of the most common sources of pattern formation. Gierer-Meinhardt model acts as one of prototypical reaction diffusion systems describing pattern formation phenomena in natural events. Bifurcation analysis, including theoretical and numerical analysis, is carried out on the Gierer-Meinhardt activator-substrate model. The effects of diffusion on the stability of equilibrium points is investigated. It shows that under some conditions, diffusion-driven instability, i.e, the Turing instability, about the equilibrium point will occur, which is stable without diffusion. These diffusion-driven instabilities will lead to the occurrence of spatially nonhomogeneous solutions. Consequently, some pattern formations, like stripe and spots solutions, will appear. To illustrate theoretical analysis, we carry out numerical simulations. These diffusion-driven instabilities will lead to the occurrence of spatially nonhomogeneous solutions. Consequently, some pattern formations, like stripe and spots solutions, will appear. To illustrate theoretical analysis, we carry out numerical simulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Hoph Hypersurfaces of Sasakian Space Form with Parallel Ricci Operator Esmaiel Abedi, Mohammad Ilmakchi Department of Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
Esmaiel Abedi Mohammad IlmakchiLet M^2n be a hoph hypersurfaces with parallel ricci operator and tangent to structure vector field in Sasakian space form. First, we show that structures and properties of hypersurfaces and hoph hypersurfaces in Sasakian space form. Then we study the structure of hyper MoreLet M^2n be a hoph hypersurfaces with parallel ricci operator and tangent to structure vector field in Sasakian space form. First, we show that structures and properties of hypersurfaces and hoph hypersurfaces in Sasakian space form. Then we study the structure of hypersurfaces and hoph hypersurfaces with a parallel ricci tensor structure and show that there are two cases. In the first case, the shape operator A of M^2n had been constant fixed main curvatures and the maximum of the main curvatures has three distinct. In the second case, the shape operator A of M^2n on D united with zero and M^2n has sn integral manifold that takes the structure of Sasakian space form. Then first by defining a vector field in M^2n show that the integral curve of this vector field in M^2n is geodesy and also by defining a hypersurface in M^2n show that this hypersurface in M^2n is totally geodesic and finally; we show that M^2n is locally the product of these totally geodesic hypersurface with the geodesy curve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Free Line Search Steepest Descent Method for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems
Narges BidabadiIn this paper, we solve unconstrained optimization problem using a free line search steepest descent method. First, we propose a double parameter scaled quasi Newton formula for calculating an approximation of the Hessian matrix. The approximation obtained from this for MoreIn this paper, we solve unconstrained optimization problem using a free line search steepest descent method. First, we propose a double parameter scaled quasi Newton formula for calculating an approximation of the Hessian matrix. The approximation obtained from this formula is a positive definite matrix that is satisfied in the standard secant relation. We also show that the largest eigen value of this matrix is not greater than the number of variables of the problem. Then, using this double parameter scaled quasi Newton formula, an explicit formula for calculating the step length in the steepest descent method is presented and therefore, this method does not require the use of approximate methods for calculating step length. The numerical results obtained from the implementation of the algorithm in MATLAB software environment are presented for some optimization problems. These results show the efficiency of the proposed method in comparison with other existing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR THE FRACTIONAL RAYLEIGH-STOKES PROBLEM BY SPACE-TIME RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS
Nafiseh Noghrei Asghar Kerayechian Alireza SoheiliIn this paper, we approximate the solution of two-dimensional Rayleigh-Stokes problem ‎for a heated generalized second grade fluid with fractional derivatives. This approximation is ‎based on the space-time radial basis functions (RBFs) and the Sinc quadrature r MoreIn this paper, we approximate the solution of two-dimensional Rayleigh-Stokes problem ‎for a heated generalized second grade fluid with fractional derivatives. This approximation is ‎based on the space-time radial basis functions (RBFs) and the Sinc quadrature rule. In this ‎method, we use Gaussian radial basis function and don't distinguish between time and place ‎variables and the collocation points have both the coordinates of time and space. We use the ‎Sinc quadrature rule with single exponential transformation to approximate the integral part of ‎fractional derivatives. The chosen fractional derivatives is Riemann – Liouville.‎This method is implemented on two examples with different values of the fractional ‎derivative order. Obtained results illustrate the effectiveness of our method and sh ow that ‎one can obtain accurate results with a small number of the collocation points for the radial ‎basis function. It should be noted that all calculations in this paper have been done using ‎Mathematica software.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Public Order and its Role in the Form of Arbitration
Prof.Morteza Shahbazinia Saeed BaazgirArbitration as an alternative mechanism for the judicial system of high rates of speed, leaving the formalities, expertise, efficiency and cost is less than other solutions. However, this mechanism can be monitored in the absence of a known threat to public order. Publi MoreArbitration as an alternative mechanism for the judicial system of high rates of speed, leaving the formalities, expertise, efficiency and cost is less than other solutions. However, this mechanism can be monitored in the absence of a known threat to public order. Public order as jus cogens principles of non-codified legal system and other support such as the morality of values that every person is superior will and decision. This will be a contract or framework agreement could be an arbitration award. In any case, as in the private sphere taken a decision contrary to public order, that decision is deemed to be invalid. In the form of arbitration mechanisms, processes and threads form of jury selection, trial, judgment, evidence in arbitration and enforcement of arbitral award are emerging, each of these processes can be studied from the perspective of public order because of the way the violations public order form, will cause invalidation of privatization would be created. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Application of Game Theory in Evaluation of Stock Investment
غلامرضا اسلامی بیدگلی رضا احتشام راثیNowadays the enterprises are in an intensive competition and can notmerely rely on traditional methods of decision making over certainty, riskand uncertainty situation in facing domestic or international rivals.Hence recognizing the new techniques of decision making aga MoreNowadays the enterprises are in an intensive competition and can notmerely rely on traditional methods of decision making over certainty, riskand uncertainty situation in facing domestic or international rivals.Hence recognizing the new techniques of decision making against thecompetitors in the contradictory situations seems to be a vital necessityfor each enterprise. These techniques assist the investors to make aneconomical evaluation of the investment alternatives and help them tomanage and mitigate the risk.Investment in the developing countries is competitive and isendangered by a plenty of unknown and unexpected variables which leadthe investors towards investigating and applying the new methods like"Games Theory".This article describes how to use the Games Theory's Methods tomake the proper and timely decisions against the rivals and how toevaluate the investment alternatives economically. It also tries to showhow the Games Theory maintains the interests of different investors inthe alternatives and helps them to reach to an equilibrium point ofconsent. Study result showed that Game Theory have applicable inInvestment evaluation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Estimate of the minimum required for living expenses (poverty line) urban and rural households Khorasan Razavi province using the habit formation linear expenditure system
محمد حیدری ابوالفضل سامیIn this research, the minimum required for living expenses urban and rural households of Khorasan razavi as a measure of mental and relative poverty line, with few indicators poverty period 1369 - 1389 using dynamic linear expenditure system, assuming the Habit formatio MoreIn this research, the minimum required for living expenses urban and rural households of Khorasan razavi as a measure of mental and relative poverty line, with few indicators poverty period 1369 - 1389 using dynamic linear expenditure system, assuming the Habit formation (HLES) and Iterative seemingly unrelated regressions (ISUR) have estimated. The data used in this research include budget data (income - expenses) for rural and urban households Khorasan razavi and relevant price indices. Estimate was based on six items good. Findings research show that the total the minimum required for living expenses (total poverty line) over the course of urban and rural areas has increased. According to the minimum required for living expenses, indicators Headcount ratio, Kakwani, the income gap, income inequality have calculated. The total results indicating slightly deteriorating urban households and rural households during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Strategy Formulation for Customer Relationship Management System with Balance Score Card Approach (CRM SCORE CARD) in Sapco Company
J. Haghighat Monfared E. SaraeeniaToday organizations focus on their customers to set and regulate their sale and marking strategies. Modern organizations try to present the best for their customers as the aim of customer relation management is to develop long-term and stable dependencies between the co MoreToday organizations focus on their customers to set and regulate their sale and marking strategies. Modern organizations try to present the best for their customers as the aim of customer relation management is to develop long-term and stable dependencies between the companies and their customers. The importance of this subject is better understood by considering guidelines on customers’ satisfaction and customer relation management system strategies. One of the most important challenges to modern organizations is the implementation of strategies which are regulated by thought and systematic methods. Organizations which have used performance evaluation system- particularly balanced score card- prove to be strategically successful. It is believed that CRM’s score card is one of the strongest tools in collecting customer relation management system strategy. This card converts CRM plans to key factors which predict success of CRM. This research aimed at collecting data on customer relation management system strategy based on balanced score card as an organization concentrates on four approaches (financial, customer, domestic process and learning and growth). In this research after identifying mission , perspective and current strategies of organization , the strategic goals of customer relation management system were determined for each aspect of balanced score card. After conducting Extensive theoretical studies in order to recognize the key factors of success in customer relation management system and Screening them, next step was collecting performance key indices for each of mentioned factors which were then prioritized by AHP method and establishing balanced score card. Finally the formulating map for customer relationship management system strategy was determined for each one of success factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of Plants Biological form and flora watershed ivar
حمید علی پور آرش ملکیان میرمسعود خیرخواه زرکش سعید قره چلوFloristic composition of the vegetation in the study of management and conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance. Maintenance, management, protection and rational utilization of rangeland ecosystems requires an understanding of all aspects of them. Also u MoreFloristic composition of the vegetation in the study of management and conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance. Maintenance, management, protection and rational utilization of rangeland ecosystems requires an understanding of all aspects of them. Also use of native plant species and the amount of people asking Khvshkhvarky animal species found in this region. Results indicate the general area was identified 109 plant species belonging to 24 plant dark. The largest plant families in terms of number of species, including 21 species Astracea, Poaceae with 15 species, Lamiaceae with 10 species, Caryophyllaceae and Brassicaceae, 6 species are. erms of Account Value Account Value forage species in the region, 23 are devoted to the most users. Based on the stability or longevity of 33 species of annual, biennial and 4 of 72 perennial species were identified in the region. 71 species form herbaceous broadleaf maximum vegetative growth form field into account. Rangeland class III palatability Terms of 95 species and 14 species with low values of the Range Class II values were averaged. The last point is that the results were due to high pressure on non-palatable pasture species in the region have therefore, management efforts should be made to prevent this process from being exposed to a variety of plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation of the effect of adding melamine resin impregnated paper waste on physical and mechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF)
Fatemeh Ramezanian Sani Ali-Akbar EnayatiTo investigate the effect of melamine resin impregnated paper waste on physical and mechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), a mixture of melamine resin impregnated paper waste and wood fibers in the ratio of 0.100, 10/90, 20/80, 70.30 was used. After g MoreTo investigate the effect of melamine resin impregnated paper waste on physical and mechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), a mixture of melamine resin impregnated paper waste and wood fibers in the ratio of 0.100, 10/90, 20/80, 70.30 was used. After gluing the fibers with urea-formaldehyde adhesive in 10% (relative to the dry weight of the fibers), the fiber cake in a laboratory press at a temperature of 170 °C, under the pressure of 35-40 bar and pressing time of 6 min to they were compressed to a thickness of 15 mm. The results obtained from zeasuring the physical and mechanical properties of the boards showed that increasing the amount of melamine resin impregnated paper waste in the boards led to increase the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, while the thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of immersion was decreased. Therefore, the findings of the present study statistical analysis showed that the best treatment in this study is the use of 20% melamine resin impregnated paper waste in the production of medium-density fiberboard, while achieving the desired levels of physical and mechanical properties specified in the standard range related to this type of board, can be prevent waste loss and environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Solvent effects on protonation and complexation of histidine with molybdenum (VI) at different aqueous solutions of methanol
Farrokh Gharib Nayyer Farkhad-Aali -
Open Access Article
38 - DFT Study of 1H-tetrazolyl derivatives of tetrahedrane
Mehdi Nabati Mehrdad Mahkam -
Open Access Article
39 - Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in pure 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate room temperature ionic liquid and investigation of its photocatalytic properties
Mohammad Khodadadi Moghaddam Fatemeh Fallah Iri Sola -
Open Access Article
40 - The investigation of ionic association in the CdF2 solution with the mixed solvent (water +ethanol +propanol) at 25°C
M. Aghaie T. Jalili -
Open Access Article
41 - Stream of public relations news in the community
afshin mohammadi افسانه مظفری رها خرازی محمدوندی آذرAbstract : Nowadays, the importance of the media, including public relations, as an organizational media in shaping and guiding public opinion and the Streaming political, social, economic events etc. is not overlooked by anyone. Perhaps, until recently, the most pivota MoreAbstract : Nowadays, the importance of the media, including public relations, as an organizational media in shaping and guiding public opinion and the Streaming political, social, economic events etc. is not overlooked by anyone. Perhaps, until recently, the most pivotal role for public relations was simply to inform the actual events. But public relations can now become a "media organization" of society guidance and streamlining by creating conditions for a passive administrative apparatus. The purpose of this research is to investigate the streamlining of public relations events in society with the variables such as the transformation of public relations into a media organization, changes in technological developments, the use of experts and the use of journalistic formats. This research has been done in a survey method by using questionnaire. The statistical population is the public relations experts of ministries and organizations based in Tehran, that their number is 600 and the sample size is 200 people. The results show that with the technological changes, the development of public relations with the media organizations and the use of journalistic formats, public relations can play a more active role in streamlining news in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The archeology of knowledge and discourse as an introduction to Foucault's theory
Seyed Vahid Aghili Amir Lotfi Haghighat -
Open Access Article
43 - On Carnap's Endeavor for By-Passing the Barriers of Meaningful Speech
مجید داودی بنیIn this paper, I try to give a clear reading of Carnap's conventionalismagainst the prevalent philosophical back ground of the day. Thebackground had been painted in Wittgensetinian colors, which weredeemed by Carnap to be rusty, dogmatic and unacceptable. It beginswith MoreIn this paper, I try to give a clear reading of Carnap's conventionalismagainst the prevalent philosophical back ground of the day. Thebackground had been painted in Wittgensetinian colors, which weredeemed by Carnap to be rusty, dogmatic and unacceptable. It beginswith the primary satisfaction of logical empiricists with Wittgensteinianapproach to truth and the status of logical sentences (a satisfactionwhich ended to a deep dissatisfaction soon enough). Then I attend toCarnap's remarkable criticisms of Wittgenstein's absolutist point ofview, which is devoid of necessary conventional elements. At the end,we will see that Carnap's attempt at suggesting an alternative schemefor explaining the status of logical and mathematical sentences, as it isput forward in Logical Syntax of Language (1934), suffers from similarshortcomings. This does not need to debase the brilliant points whichemerged out of Carnap's critical reading of Wittgenstein's philosophy,though. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Assessment of soil erosion zonation using F.A.O model in maroon basin
حمید بابلی موخر Kourosh Shirani morteza khodagholiThe Soil erosion mapping is the priority basement of soil conservation program in the watershed management. This study aimed to apply the FAO model and assessing factors affecting erodibility of soil using GIS and producing soil erosion map in Maroon watershed. For this MoreThe Soil erosion mapping is the priority basement of soil conservation program in the watershed management. This study aimed to apply the FAO model and assessing factors affecting erodibility of soil using GIS and producing soil erosion map in Maroon watershed. For this purpose, the basin maps were digitized in a scale of 1:50,000 and they were integrated with each other by using ArcGIS10.3 software. Homogeneous units map was produced. Then, according to the scoring table used in the model of FAO and surveying using GPS in the field and apply the factor scores for each homogeneous units was estimated the final score for each factor and the severity of erosion in homogenous units by GIS. Finally, the produced weight map was reclassified according to the FAO model and the minimum and maximum score of the erosion for the evaluated factors. It was categorized in four classes by including low, medium, high and very high classes. The results revealed that 95 percent of the study area located in the moderate erosion (49.06%) to high (45.98%) and only 5% of the area in the relatively moderate erosion (3.66%) and very high (1.30%) were occurred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production (Case Study: Watershed Vers Qazvin province)
Mehrdad Esfandiari Abolfazl Moeini Rahele MoqadasiIn recent years, the interaction of land use change with soil erosion has become a major environmental concern and has a dramatic impact on soil erosion and sediment yield. In this research the impact of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production o MoreIn recent years, the interaction of land use change with soil erosion has become a major environmental concern and has a dramatic impact on soil erosion and sediment yield. In this research the impact of land use and vegetation on erosion forms and sediment production of the basin vers in Qazvin province was investigated using MPSIAC erosion model by Geographical Information System (GIS). The different forms of erosion (Surface, Rill, gully, bank, Stream) can be seen as moderate to severe in vers watershed. Amount of sediment for the whole of watershed was 7.1 ton per hectare per year and the amount erosion was 7.04 tons per hectare per year. Dryland farming with 2.14 (metric tons per hectare per year) has the greatest impact on erosion and sediment yield. In pasture (type 3) and dry farming have very high sediment yield and indicated the improper use of land. Sediment produced on pasture (Type 1) Less than a garden land use that reflects the positive impact of proper pasture vegetation in reducing the amount of erosion and deposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - E- learning and its role in development of rural (Case study; rurals Ghzvin
عبدالرضا Rahmani-Fazli سیما BouzariICT have been national strategic for government since the beginning of 21 century. Ithas special situation in national, diplomacy planning and development planning. Today,communication is bias's of social activity. Therefore, social investments have increased inthe deve MoreICT have been national strategic for government since the beginning of 21 century. Ithas special situation in national, diplomacy planning and development planning. Today,communication is bias's of social activity. Therefore, social investments have increased inthe developing countries. Then, developed countries have control over economic, cultureand world diplomacy. Today, global activities of countries depend on theircommunication infrastructures. The communication development mean's development inall part of society, Therefore, because of the natural characteristics and other limitation ofthe rural communities the use of ICT is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - A research on tectonical and morphological changes of Gourigol pond of Tabriz
علی BeladpasThe closed Pond of gourigol is a part of tectonical area of bostan abad according tostructural geomorphology view. studing the bostan abad area through the photoes, wecan take it as anticlinarium which is founed in the mountain making phases of latesenozoic ara, and is MoreThe closed Pond of gourigol is a part of tectonical area of bostan abad according tostructural geomorphology view. studing the bostan abad area through the photoes, wecan take it as anticlinarium which is founed in the mountain making phases of latesenozoic ara, and is a continum to the folding of the Neogen formation of North-easttabriz. Gourigol lake, like other neigh bouring areas has been formed in the earlyQuaternary ara.due to neotectonic movements and resulted in the formation of somefault in the West-North and East-South directions. it has moved the upper cretaceousflysch formations and has caused to theGourigol, tectonic basin.There are two parallel fault beside the lake. The first one passes through theNorth-East and the second one through the South-East of the lake and this lake hasformed in the middle of these two fault. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Undesirable factors in stochastic cross-efficiency evaluation
Mehdi Khodadadipour Abdollah Hadi-Vencheh Mohhamad Reza Behzadi Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh -
Open Access Article
49 - The relationship between geological formation and landform with soil formation, Case study of southern part of Orumieh Plain
Hengameh Javadi Reza Sokouti Oskoei Ebrahim PaziraThe aim of this study was to study the effect of landform and geological formations on some physico-chemical properties of soils in order to better identify the soil in order to optimize land management and promote the sustainable agriculture of the southern part of Oru MoreThe aim of this study was to study the effect of landform and geological formations on some physico-chemical properties of soils in order to better identify the soil in order to optimize land management and promote the sustainable agriculture of the southern part of Orumieh Plain with an area of 35000 (ha) in West Azarbaijan province, Iran. In this research, satellite images, aerial photographs, topographic and geology maps were used to identify and distinguish different forms of land. Separation of soil series were carried out based on geomorphologic and geophysical methods. 40 soil profiles were drilled and described in standard dimensions. Five soil profiles were sampled every genetic horizon and transferred to the laboratory. The moisture and temprature regime of the soils were determined as Xeric and Mesic. Soils of the studied area were classified as Inceptisols and grate subgroups of Fluventic. The most dominant formations in the Barandoz and Ghasemlou river catchment were limestone, and lime is one of the determinant factors in the formation of rocks at different soils in the study area. On the other hand, physiography and topography have also played a significant role, so that the upper terraces have more developed soils and some sloping regions had young and less evolved soils. With decreasing height and proximity to Lake Urmia, the effect of groundwater level and its salinity on the profiles is evident. In the meantime, the margin of the rivers due to the sediments of the present age have young and uncoated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Modeling total sediment load in rivers using artificial neural networks
Amin Falamaki Mahnaz Eskandari Abdolhossein Baghlani Seyed Ahmad AhmadiEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Fur MoreEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Further, total sediment load can be determined by several sediment load transport models. These equations, however, are applicable in certain circumstances, and in most cases the outcomes do not agree with each other and with measured data. The objective of this study was to propose a method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict total sediment load concentration. Consequently, two ANNs including multilayer perceptrone (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) with 200 data were used for the modeling purposes. For training and testing the ANN models, 75 and 25 percent of data were used, respectively. The input variables were designated to be average flow velocity, average depth, water surface slope, canal width and median particle diameter of sediment, while the models output was total sediment load concentration. The input variables were included to the models step wisely and the results were evaluated to find out the most suitable ANN models. The predicted values were then compared with five known sediment load transport equations. The conducted statistical analyses indicated that ANNs models in particular MLP can provide better prediction for total sediment load with correlation coefficient of 0.96. It was further concluded that to enhance the accuracy of ANN model, training of the network should be accomplished using both hydrological and sediment data. The Ackers and White equation was very overestimating the total sediment load, while all other equations were underestimating. Based on the results obtained in this study, the ANN-based models provide better concurrence with the observed data, particularly MLP network which can reasonably well predict the peak point of total sediment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Chemical forms changes and extractable iron in soils treated with slag and convertor sludge of Esfahan iron melting factory
Alireza Kazemi Hosein Shariatmadari Mahmood KalbasiIron deficiency is the most widespread deficiency among the plant micro nutrients. Nowadays, different materials such as inorganic salts, organic chelates, soil acidifying materials and industrial wastes are used to overcome iron deficiency. Slag and convertor MoreIron deficiency is the most widespread deficiency among the plant micro nutrients. Nowadays, different materials such as inorganic salts, organic chelates, soil acidifying materials and industrial wastes are used to overcome iron deficiency. Slag and convertor sludge of steel factories contain considerable amount of iron. Application of slag and convertor sludge to soil may affect bioavailability and chemical forms of iron in soil. The objectives of this study were to investigate the application effect of slag and convertor sludge of Esfahan iron melting factory on the chemical forms of iron, distribution of these forms and bioavailability of iron in surface (0-20cm) and subsurface (20-45cm) soil of three research fields. Each plot received 3 treatments] control, 4 times critical level as slag (S40) and converter sludge (L40)a in 3 replications for one, two and three years. The Tessier and Shuman method was used for chemical forms of iron analysis. The results indicated that more than 99% of the applied Fe occurred in residual, Fe oxide and hydroxide and free forms. The order of the chemical forms in Khazaneh field was: residual >bound to Fe oxide and hydroxide >free iron >amorphous iron >bound to crystalline Mn oxide >soluble iron >bound to organic matter >exchangeable Fe >carbonate Fe. In Lavark and Shervedan fields the order was the same, but carbonate Fe was more than exchangeable Fe. Application of slag and convertor sludge for three consecutive years was increased the chemical forms and (DTPA) extractable iron in surface and subsurface soils of three experimental fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Formulation and Evaluation of Rheological Properties of Polymeric Enteral Formula Containing Sodium Caseinate
Hilda Moghaddamkia Afshin Javadi Ali Tarighat Sfanjanic Akram Pezeshki NajafabadidIntroduction: Enteral nutrition depending on the formula used, results in several complications such as catheter obstruction, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux. The aims of this study were the formulation of suitable and appropriate enteral formulation followed by it MoreIntroduction: Enteral nutrition depending on the formula used, results in several complications such as catheter obstruction, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux. The aims of this study were the formulation of suitable and appropriate enteral formulation followed by its evaluation and the comparison of the rheological properties with the available commercial formula. Materials and Methods: In this applicable study from natural and available food items with caloric density of 1 kcal/mL enteral formulation containing recommended amount of macro/micronutrients has been developed. The rheological properties of prepared and commercial formulas were measured in triplicate order by using Physica Anton Paar rheometer model MCR 301. Data obtained from the rheological tests were processed using MATLAB software to determine the appropriate mathematical models. Statistical analyses, One-way ANOVA and Duncan tests (p<0.05) were performed with SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the viscosity of formulation using sodium caseinate and chiken puree was prepared and by increasing the shear rates, the viscosity was reduced, while in the case of commercial formula the viscosity was not depended on the shear rate and shear speed. There were not statistically significant differences between the viscosities of the two types of formulas. R square of Hershel bulkely model for both formulas were over 98% and hershel bulkely model was the best model to describe the flow characteristics of formulas. Viscoelastic modulus values (G' and G˝) of developed formulas were higher than the commercial sample. Conclusion: By changing the type of protein formula using a mixture of sodium caseinate and chiken puree, the rheological properties of polymeric entreal formula as compared to the existing formulas in the market containing mixtures of sodium caseinate and soy protein isolate has been changed and due to the high nutritional value and appropraite rheological properties it might be suggested to be used as nutritional support for patients who need tube feeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Assessment of heavy metals Pollution of Chemofacies in The Gachsaran Formationm Gilan e Gharb area, West Kermanshah
Behnam Sekhavati Mostafa Yousefirad Mahmoodreza Majidifard Ali Solgi zahra malekiBackground and Objective: Distribution of heavy metals in rock units and their pollutants are necessary environmental issues which have high importance. Material and Methodology: Because of not performed environmental geochemical studies of heavy metals in Iran based o MoreBackground and Objective: Distribution of heavy metals in rock units and their pollutants are necessary environmental issues which have high importance. Material and Methodology: Because of not performed environmental geochemical studies of heavy metals in Iran based on chemostratigraphic studies, for this purpose, this study on chemofacies of Gachsaran formation in Kermanshah with the aim of assessing environmental heavy metal pollution was carried out. For determine the concentrations of heavy metals, XRF and ICP mass techniques were used and the amount of metal contamination was investigated using statistical softwares and pollution indices. Findings: The results indicated high concentration of cadmium in sediments of Gachsaran Formation (3.3) ppm which is higher than (0.3) ppm in crust. All three used indices (Igeo, EF ANF CF) showed cadmium contamination in studied sediments but molybdenum, aluminum, cobalt and iron did not showpollution in sediments. Furthermore the values of CF and EF indices showed a similar trend about element contamination in sediments. Discussion and Conclusion: Significant amounts of cadmium in the Gachsaran Formation can be further affected by the dissolution process of rocks and sediments by surface and groundwater, as well as by biological (agricultural and mining) activities and can has non optimal environmental impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to anticipate and make the necessary arrangements in this case. High levels of cadmium in the sequences of the Gachsaran Formation can effected by dissolution, as well as biological activities (agriculture and mining). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Effects of Urban Heat Islands Mitigation on Human Health through Change in Urban form Hot and Arid Climate of Mashhad (Case Study: Graticular Texture of Shahed and Organic Texture of Pachenar Neighborhoods)
Elham sanagar darbani Mojtaba Rafieian toktam hanaee danial monsefi parapariBackground and Objective: The increase in heat waves in cities has caused many problems for human health. Reducing environmental problems by reducing the ambient temperature and thus improving human health is one of the most important concerns in the present age, which MoreBackground and Objective: The increase in heat waves in cities has caused many problems for human health. Reducing environmental problems by reducing the ambient temperature and thus improving human health is one of the most important concerns in the present age, which can be achieved by changing urban forms and environmental elements. Method: The main method used in this research is numerical simulations, using Envi-Met and Leonardo software suites. Findings: The findings indicate that the higher the height-to-width ratio, the less access sunlight has to the environment, resulting in lower ambient temperatures. Shading due to the ratio (H / w), the presence of plants and wind in urban valleys can also reduce the ambient temperature. In addition, the reduction of impermeable surfaces of urban coatings and the presence of materials with high albedo, increase evapotranspiration, which provides cooling conditions for urban environments and reduces the adverse effects of urban heat on human health. Conclusion: As a result, creating shadows through a combination of vegetation and diverse alterations in structures of H / W can be effective on reducing the ambient and surface temperatures. Moreover, the use of permeable surfaces and building materials with high albedo are effective in reflecting solar heat and can reduce the intensity of urban heat islands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluating the Effects of Run off on Khadijeh Khatoun Basin Using MPSIAC Model
Hamidreza Pazouki Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein BabazadehBackground and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to MoreBackground and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to study the run off impacts on the erosion of the catchment area using the MPSIAC model.Method: For this purpose, the basic information and maps of the Khadijeh Khatoon basin in 2018 such as topographic and geology maps were collected. Then the calculation steps of nine model factors including surface geology or metrology, soil, climate, run off, topography, land cover, land use, current erosion and river erosion, and erosion and Sediment is estimated. Finally, the relationship between runoff and erosion of the basin was determined and the model of erosion and sediment estimation from runoff was determined.Findings: The results of this study showed that the amount of soil erosion is equal to 5806.97 tons per year and is 3.58 tons per hectare per year. If the value of one ton of agricultural land is equal to 50 US dollars and if the condition of erosion is available, the value of 5806.97 tons per year is equal to 290348.5 US dollars, which is equal to 11613.9 million Rials. The MPSIAC's seventh and eighth factor basins are the most effective factors.Discussion and Conclusion: This conclusion suggests that pastures around Khadijeh Khatoun are not well-conditioned due to over-capacity utilization, and the whole of the region's pastures due to climatic conditions. Also, the results showed that the runoff factor had a linear correlation of 0.98 with erosion, which indicates that the higher the runoff, the increase in the amount of erosion and deposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A study of climatic comfort conditions in the spatial-physical patterns of traditional neighborhoods’ fabric: The case of Hamadan’s old neighborhoods
mohammad motaghed hasan sajadzadeBackground and Objective: The unbridled expansion of cities during the recent decades has gradually led to the decline of their climatic comfort. One of the objectives of this study is to analyze the spatial geometry and structural-spatial patterns of traditional neighb MoreBackground and Objective: The unbridled expansion of cities during the recent decades has gradually led to the decline of their climatic comfort. One of the objectives of this study is to analyze the spatial geometry and structural-spatial patterns of traditional neighborhoods in the cold and dry climate to use the results for optimization of new residential fabrics. This study also aims to investigate the role, plantation pattern and species of the plants in the green spaces of old neighborhoods.Material and Methodology: First the factors that affect climatic comfort were identified by examining expert viewpoints. Then, Ecotect Autodesk software was used to simulate the conditions and analyze the data in three traditional neighborhoods of Hamedan City.Findings: certain measures are required in linear neighborhoods to increase their exposure to sunlight during the cold seasons because they have more shading compared to centrifugal neighborhoods during the cold periods of the year.Discussion and Conclusions: using centrifugal models can help optimize these spaces and improve climatic conditions in them. In addition to preventing the prevailing cold winds from blowing into the neighborhoods from the surrounding environments, the old trees at the center of the neighborhoods selected in this study improve coolness and climatic comfort in these spaces, especially during the hot seasons of the year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy of Jahrum Formation with a view on Paleo-ecology in the interior Fars, Zagros (SW Iran)
seyede Samaneh yazdanpanah Vahid Ahmadi Mehran Arian Zahra malekiBackground and Objective: Jahrum Formation has long been of special interest due to its wide distribution, Biostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic differences in different areas, and the existence of hydrocarbon reserves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the MoreBackground and Objective: Jahrum Formation has long been of special interest due to its wide distribution, Biostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic differences in different areas, and the existence of hydrocarbon reserves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Jahrum Formation in the study areas, in terms of stratigraphic position (thickness and lithology) and geology (contact with upper and lower formations) and its paleontology. Material and Methodology: The study conducted on Jahrum formation (lower and Middle Eocene) of interior Fars, Zagros. The 465 samples were collected from Gushenekan, kuh-e-Chehel Cheshme and Tong garm. Thin sections were used to study of stratigraghy, microfacies and microfossils. Findings: According to them, two sedimentery sequences identified. The main aims of the research are Identification of the Jahrum formation borders that connected to the Asmari at the top as discotinuty and the Sachun formation at bottom as concordant. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on this study Jahrum formation has deposited in the internal ramp and consisting two sequences. Additionaly, sedimentary environment, geochemical analysis and Paleontological ecology of the Jahrum were studied too. Also, the tectonic position of the sedimentary basin of Jahrum Formation in comparison with the adjacent basins was presented in the form of a conceptual design for the first time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Assessing the government’s role in environmental problems of Iran (An environmental economic approach)
Niloofar Moradhassel Amir Hossein MozayaniDue to the remarkable achievements in economic development over the past few decades,environmental degradation has been inevitable. To meet this problem, the first step is to identify themain sources of pollution which are discussed in this study with an emphasis on the MoreDue to the remarkable achievements in economic development over the past few decades,environmental degradation has been inevitable. To meet this problem, the first step is to identify themain sources of pollution which are discussed in this study with an emphasis on the role of thegovernment. State activities like those of the private sector can be one of the main sources ofpollution, especially in developing and less developed countries in which the governments play themain role in economic activities. The issue requires attention because the government not only has a great role in environmental degradation but also has the responsibility of environmental conservation. The present study aims at analyzing the role of the government in environmental degradation of Iranbecause the government’s huge share in the economic activities has caused serious environmentalproblems besides the undesirable economic consequences. The results of the study indicate the government’s great share in pollution. The researchers havestudied the economic activities in industry, agriculture, trade, transportation, etc. using a descriptiveapproach and also the causal relationship between pollution emission and capital formation in publicand private sectors through econometric techniques. Finally, it has been discussed that at the presenttime, the re-engineering of the economic structure and the government’s role is a pre-requisite for theeffectiveness of environmental policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of Redox Potential on Changing of Binding Forms of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Anzali International Wetland
Mohsen Saeedi Mohammad FakhariBackground and Objective: Heavy metals are naturally presented in different chemical bonds within sediment. Different factors affect metals bonding in sediment. One of those factors is changing in Redox potential. Redox potential may change under oxic/anoxic conditions MoreBackground and Objective: Heavy metals are naturally presented in different chemical bonds within sediment. Different factors affect metals bonding in sediment. One of those factors is changing in Redox potential. Redox potential may change under oxic/anoxic conditions in the bottom sediments. Method: In the present study the effect of redox potential on fractionation and bonding of metals within Anzali international wetland bottom sediment is investigated. Findings: Sediment samples of Anzali wetland were aerated for one month and redox potential and pH was measured at 0, 1, 7, 21, and 28th days. Subsamples of sediments at mentioned days of experiments were taken and analyzed for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr for deferent chemical bonds using sequential extraction analysis. Discussion and Conclusion: Results revealed that majority of Cu were presented in the sulfidic/organic bonds while Zn was associated with Fe/Mn oxides. Nickel and Cr were mostly associated in hard residual bonds. At the end of aeration process, with increasing redox potential, 8-23% of metals were released from sediments into dissolved phase. They mainly released from sulfide/organic bonds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Studying some of the qualitative properties and concentration of heavy metals in dried sewage sludge from Shahin-Shahr WWTP in Isfahan
Hamid Reza Rahmani Masoud Moayyeri Zohreh Mazaheri Kouhanestani Narjes Khodabakhsh Hossein SharifiIntroduction:Land application of sewage sludge is one of the most important disposal methods, which allows thesludge nutrients to be used beneficially. However, it should be noted that its pollutants and pathogenicorganisms can pose a high risk to the public health and MoreIntroduction:Land application of sewage sludge is one of the most important disposal methods, which allows thesludge nutrients to be used beneficially. However, it should be noted that its pollutants and pathogenicorganisms can pose a high risk to the public health and it should be monitored before land application.The aim of this study was to investigate the dried sewage sludge quality from Shahin-Shahr WWTPSfor its heavy metals concentration.Material and Methods:Samples were collected seasonally from Shahin-Shahr sewage sludge (in three replicates) within2011-2012, and the concentration of some heavy metals along with microbial and chemical parametersof sludge were measured using DTPA, atomic absorption and standard methods. The results were thencompared with the standard levels (EPA) using t-test, and seasonal variations were studied by one wayANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test.Results and Discussion:The total and fecal coli forms values did not fall within any standard ranges, so re-application of thesewage in the given conditions was restricted due to hygienic precaution. The pH, total solids, organicmatter and moisture values were in normal ranges. Seasonal variations of sludge structure showed thatthe best conditions in terms of absorbable heavy metals concentration lowness belonged to winter. The1- PhD Student of Geomorphology, Department of Geography, Isfahan University and Faculty Member of Soiland Water Institute of Iran2- Department of Geography, Faculty of Geographic Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran3- PhD Student of Environmental, Fishery and Range Management Department, Gorgan University, Gorgan,Iran4- MSc of Environmental Science, University of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran5- Soil and Water Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Isfahan, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.2, Summer 2014157maximum and minimum annual loads of absorbable concentration belonged to Fe and Cr respectively.Considering the total concentrations, most of the measured elements had the minimum concentrationin winter (except for Zn, Pb and Cu) and the maximum concentration in spring and summer (exceptfor As, Zn and Cu).All of the studied metals, except as, and their annual loads (kg/ha/year) had a concentration below theacceptable level. The annual load of as was estimated to be 1.6 kg/ha/year for. Although the annualload of as was below the standard level, it should be taken into account due to being close to this level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Assessment of Microbiological Contamination of Haraz River (Mazandaran Province) and Determine of Allowable Applications of Water River Comparison with Global Standards
Nahid Shahsavari pour Abbas Esmaili sariEmrgence of water quality control measure has become more important as a result of water source limitation and increased discharge of pollutants arises from human activities. Besides, social and economic consequences of direct and indirect consumption of polluted waters MoreEmrgence of water quality control measure has become more important as a result of water source limitation and increased discharge of pollutants arises from human activities. Besides, social and economic consequences of direct and indirect consumption of polluted waters have duplicated the importance of this control. One of the important and vital problems in healthy water is fecal contamination of water that is important to determine for controlling of epidemic of microbial intestinal disease. In order to study and determine water quality of Haraz river, this river was studied in during 2003-2004 in 17 sites from Emamzade hashem to police station of Bayjan. Water sample were analyzed for microbial (E.coli, Coli form and Total count) contamination. The results showed that the downstream have much higher E.coli and Coli form than upstream and microbiological pollutant in spring season is much higher than other seasons in all of the stations. The results showed that the average E.coli and Coli form in Haraz river water comparing with global standard, because of the various municipal, domestic, agricultural waste water and crowd… is much higher than standards for most applications and it dose not have suitable hygienic quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Inspiration of Nature in Training of Architecture
Ali Sharghi Abdolhamid GhanbaranToday، theoretical sciences are practiced through experimental and practical activities. In other words، sciences such as physics and biology، which are derived from nature، have turned into fundamental bases for the study of other subjects such as arts and architecture MoreToday، theoretical sciences are practiced through experimental and practical activities. In other words، sciences such as physics and biology، which are derived from nature، have turned into fundamental bases for the study of other subjects such as arts and architecture. Taking architectural ideas out of natural features is being widely used in modern architects' works (such as the Fractal and Revolutionary ideas)، so a need arises here to find some media to generalize scientific details in different fields and apply them to the details in architecture. To find these intermediaries، the involved process is moving from instances to the generalities to reflect them in architectural instances of expressing natural features directly in the architectural forms which must be avoided and instead we should observe general rules of nature and then reflect them in the architecture. The process of 'from slight to whole and from whole to slight' or the so-called 'architectural creativity' will result in prominent and lasting works in our provided architecture that they are derived from natural observations. The subject-matter has been dealt with in this article. The article consists three major parts as fallows. • A study of religious، mystical and functional aspects، as well as the philosophy of nature. • Looking for some principles governing natural phenomenon which could be useful in generating forms. • A study of natural forms for architects and designers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Degradation of Expired Herbicides Stockpiles of Agricultural Supportive Services Company
Elham Shahinfar Ahmad Heidari Mohammad Reza Damavandian Babak Heidari AlizadehBackground and Objective: Expired pesticides are a major problem in many countries. Thus, we need to know the effective factors in pesticides degradation to prevent environmental damage of them. In many cases restructuring or demolition costs of the expired pesticides a MoreBackground and Objective: Expired pesticides are a major problem in many countries. Thus, we need to know the effective factors in pesticides degradation to prevent environmental damage of them. In many cases restructuring or demolition costs of the expired pesticides are more than their primary production. Method: This study investigated the possibility of applying the expired pesticides stockpiles of agricultural supportive services company. Quality control tests were performed according to the FAO, CIPAC and pesticide manufacturers' guidelines. Results: The results were classified based on the different groups of pesticides, physical state of herbicides formulation, producing companies, date of production and location of warehouses. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test, in case of significance. The risk test was performed to determine the relative risk for the variables using SPSS-18 software. Conclusion: Result showed a significant correlation between the time lagged after production of herbicides and degradation percentage of herbicides. The degradation percent of expired insecticides was highest and that of expiered herbicides and fungicides was at the second and third rank, respectively. The degradation percent of the expired herbicides formulated in the country was 52% and that of the expired herbicides formulated in India/China was 67%. The results show that 55% of the herbicides with liquid formulation and 26% of the herbicides with solid formulation were degraded. Considering the degradation rate of herbicides, there is no statistically significant difference between the warehouses at 4 climatic regions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation of species diversity in medicinal plants of Asadli-Pelmiss summer rangelands in North Khorasan province
Negin Nodehi Mousa AkbarlouAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species divers MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species diversity is correlated with ecosystem parameters. By measuring the diversity, distribution of species in the environment can be studied with an emphasis on the dynamics of ecosystems and proper management recommendations can be presented. Method: In this study, 90 plots (1 m2) were established in the study area in a systematic-randomized manner. Presence and cover percent were determined within each plot.Also identification of medicinal plants, belonging to genus and family, was performed and biological type,life form and growth form were determined. Shannon and McIntosh diversity indices were used to estimate the species diversity of medicinal plants in taxonomic, life form, biological type and growth form levels. Conclusion: The results showed that the species diversity of Asadli-Pelmiss rangelands could be considered as moderate, and the vegetation of the study area was mostly of perennial plants species which is a characteristic of mountainous areas with cold climate in altitudes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation of Weak Form Efficiency Hypothesis in Both High and Low Volatility Regimes of OPEC Crude Oil Market
mahmood mohammadi alamuti mohammad reza haddadi younes nademiCrude oil is a strategic commodity that has been one of the largest commodity market over the past 40 years in the world. The main players in the market, such as manufacturers, financial institutions and individual traders are interested in recognizing and benefiting fr MoreCrude oil is a strategic commodity that has been one of the largest commodity market over the past 40 years in the world. The main players in the market, such as manufacturers, financial institutions and individual traders are interested in recognizing and benefiting from some moving trends and practices in oil prices and returns. A market where prices always and fully reflect information is called efficient. Thus, there are 3 types of market efficiencies: weak form, semi strong form and strong form efficiency. In research, the weak form efficiency is often tested. In this study, the weak form efficiency of the OPEC crude oil market for daily data during the period from 4 January 2010 to 29 December 2017 by the two mode Markov regime switching GARCH model has been examined and the results of the estimation indicate a lack of efficiency in both high and low volatile regimes of the crude oil market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Capital Formation and Corporate Governance, Inter-country Approach
Seyed Rouhollah Hosseini Moghaddam Mahdi Adibpour abbas memarnejadThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and capital formation using the financial development channel. According to the investigations, it was found that the direct impact of corporate governance on capital formation is uncl MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and capital formation using the financial development channel. According to the investigations, it was found that the direct impact of corporate governance on capital formation is unclear. The analysis of the data showed that corporate governance through the financial development channel can have an effect on capital formation, which, of course, is different in countries, and the reason for that is the different level of development of countries in attracting capital and investors. In this study, the data of 98 countries, including 67 countries in which investor protection is strong and 31 countries in which investor protection is weak during the years 2005-2020, were used in the form of Panel-GMM method. The results of the surveys showed that corporate governance in countries with a low level of investor protection has a positive and significant effect on capital formation, and improving corporate governance improves capital formation. But this relationship has not been significant for countries with a high level of investor protection. Also, financial development in both groups of countries had a positive and significant impact on capital formation, but its impact was greater in countries with weak support. Also, the results of the financial development survey in more detail showed that the financial development of markets improves capital formation in countries; But the financial development of institutions does not affect the improvement of capital formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Option Hedging in Jump-Diffusion Markets by Malliavin Calculus
Minoo Bakhsh Mohammadlou Rahman FarnooshWe obtain the hedging strategy in a jump-diffusion market by minimizing the variance of the residual risk. We calculate the residual risk by two formulas: the Ito's formula and the jump-diffusion version of the Clark-Ocone formula. The results show that Malliavin calcul MoreWe obtain the hedging strategy in a jump-diffusion market by minimizing the variance of the residual risk. We calculate the residual risk by two formulas: the Ito's formula and the jump-diffusion version of the Clark-Ocone formula. The results show that Malliavin calculus can generate the hedging strategy under weaker assumptions. Thus afterward we do not require to check the strong condition on and the condition with bounded derivative is sufficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - An Efficient Numerical Algorithm For Solving Linear Differential Equations of Arbitrary Order And Coefficients
S. Hatamzadeh-Varmazyar Z. Masouri -
Open Access Article
69 - Numerical Solution of Second Kind Volterra and Fredholm Integral Equations Based on a Direct Method Via Triangular Functions
S. Hatamzadeh-Varmazyar Z. Masouri -
Open Access Article
70 - مطالعه ای در مورد راه حل های تحلیلی معادله دیفرانسیل با مشتقات جزئی
راضیه قاسمی مقدم سعید عباسبندی محسن رستمی مال خلیفهدر مقاله حاضر، با در نظر گرفتن مشتق تعمیمیافته هاکوهارا، جوابهای موجی سفری فازی را برای معادله حملونقل خطی فازی و معادله موج فازی به دست میآوریم. فرمولهای دالامبر برای معادله موج فازی با در نظر گرفتن نوعی gh- مشتقپذیری جواب، حاصل میگردد. همچنین، وجود و یکتایی این Moreدر مقاله حاضر، با در نظر گرفتن مشتق تعمیمیافته هاکوهارا، جوابهای موجی سفری فازی را برای معادله حملونقل خطی فازی و معادله موج فازی به دست میآوریم. فرمولهای دالامبر برای معادله موج فازی با در نظر گرفتن نوعی gh- مشتقپذیری جواب، حاصل میگردد. همچنین، وجود و یکتایی این جوابها و پایداری معادله موج نشان دادهشده است. بعلاوه، چندین مثال جهت توضیح تکنیک حل میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - بررسی رابطه عوامل اقتصادی – مالی واحدهای تصمیم گیری با تسهیلات اعطایی بانک در قالب عقود اسلامی با تأکید بر تکانههای قیمت نفتی و پولی
مرتضی حقگوی حقیقی مرجان دامن کشیده منیژه هادی نژاد خشایار سیدشکری محمدرضا میرزایی نژادمقاله حاضر به تبیین سازوکار اثرگذاری عوامل اقتصادی – مالی واحدهای تصمیم گیری بر عقود اسلامی کشور با تاکید بر تکانه های قیمت نفتی و با استفاده از مدل خودرگرسیون برداری ساختاری SVAR برای سالهای 1365-1398 می پردازد. براساس نتایج تخمین مدل SVAR؛ یک تکانه وارده از ناح Moreمقاله حاضر به تبیین سازوکار اثرگذاری عوامل اقتصادی – مالی واحدهای تصمیم گیری بر عقود اسلامی کشور با تاکید بر تکانه های قیمت نفتی و با استفاده از مدل خودرگرسیون برداری ساختاری SVAR برای سالهای 1365-1398 می پردازد. براساس نتایج تخمین مدل SVAR؛ یک تکانه وارده از ناحیه قیمت نفت، به اندازه 5 درصد باعث کاهش تولید و 1 درصد کاهش اشتغال در کشور می شود. نتایج همچنین گویای این مطلب می باشد که یک یک تکانه وارده از ناحیه قیمت نفت، به اندازه 7 درصد باعث کاهش تسهیلات اسلامی در کشور می شود، همچنین یک تکانه وارده از ناحیه حجم نقدینگی باعث افزایش 9 درصد تسهیلات اسلامی می شود. درخصوص نحوه تأثیرگذاری نوسانات قیمت نفت بر متغیر عقود بانکی اسلامی میتوان چنین استدلال نمود که افزایش بودجه دولتی یا مخارج دولتی، اعم از جاری و عمرانی به دلیل افزایش قیمت و در نتیجه درآمدهای نفتی، همراه با رشد اعتبارات و تسهیلات بانکی به افزایش تقاضای کل میانجامد و از طرف دیگر، به علت عدم انعطاف سقف عرضه کل ناشی از محدودیتهای فنی و زیرساختی به عدم تعادل و شکاف وسیع بین عرضه و تقاضا و بروز فشارهای تورمی منجر میگردد. بعبارتی افزایش کارایی حقیقی منجر به افزایش هزینه تولید و در نتیجه افزایش نرخ تورم می شود و همین افزایش تورم حاصل در یک دور باطل موجب خروج نقدینگی از بانک ها و سرمایه گذاری در دیگر بازارهای سود ده می شود. از سوی دیگر با افزایش کارایی حقیقی تنها کسانی قادر به دریافت تسهیلات و باز پرداخت آن هستند. در این شرایط نظارت بانک ها باید افزایش یابد، چرا که باز پرداخت چنین تسهیلاتی مطمئناً با فعالیت های تولیدی امکانپذیر نخواهد بود و همه این عوامل موجب مبهم ماندن اثر کارایی حقیقی بر سرمایه گذاری و تولید و در نهایت تسهیلات اسلامی می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The effects of MHD flow of third grade fluid by means of meshless local radial point interpolation (MLRPI)
S. Abbasbandy E. Shivanain -
Open Access Article
73 - The Solution of Fully Fuzzy Quadratic Equations Based on Restricted Variation
L. Gerami ‎Moazam -
Open Access Article
74 - On Optimal Quadrature Rule for Solving Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations
R. Ezzati M. M. Sadatrasou -
Open Access Article
75 - Study on Compensation for Environmental Damage as a result of Transboundary Pollution and International Environmental Degradation
Farhad Dabiry Sayyed Abbas Pourhashemi Maryam Sadat Moosavi -
Open Access Article
76 - Comparative Study of Features and Emergence Roots of Epic and Novel from Lukács's View Point
Pejman Dadkhah Hassan Bolkhari Qahi Majid SarsangiLukács – contemporary philosopher, theorist and literary critic – has studied various literary forms in his works and expressed their features and mechanism; that's why Lukác is known as the philosopher and theorist of literary forms. Epic and MoreLukács – contemporary philosopher, theorist and literary critic – has studied various literary forms in his works and expressed their features and mechanism; that's why Lukác is known as the philosopher and theorist of literary forms. Epic and novel are two forms which are studied and surveyed by him which are discussed about in his works and expressed their characteristics and forming bases. One of the main concepts in his view point is the relationship between social structures and literary ones and based on his viewpoint any society creates its own literary form. Lukác knows the epic as the literary form of ancient era and the novel for the contemporary and states their features and differences ipso facto. Hence the emphasis of the present article is Lukác's ideas and viewpoints about epic and novel, comparative study and studying commonalities and differences of the mentioned forms. The applied method is descriptive – analytical and the data has been gathered by librarian method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Sohrab Sepehri and Walt Whitman's Common Look
Hasan PayandehThe present article compares two poems: "when I have heard Daneshvar's (a stargazer) talks" by Walt Whitman and the last line of "lines and blank verse as well" by Sohrab Sepehri.I have tried to show the mystical point of view of these two poets. The interesting similar MoreThe present article compares two poems: "when I have heard Daneshvar's (a stargazer) talks" by Walt Whitman and the last line of "lines and blank verse as well" by Sohrab Sepehri.I have tried to show the mystical point of view of these two poets. The interesting similarity between these two is about the way of indicating their ideas which is the same. Thus the method of criticizing of these two poems in the present article is formalistic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Considering Cinquain Form in Persian and Arab Literature
Ali Sạ̄ berīPoetic models as a tool for organizing one element and part that compose a literary works and cause accretion of literary works, are sometimes found commonly in the different literature of the world, because long time the Persian and Arab literature are r MorePoetic models as a tool for organizing one element and part that compose a literary works and cause accretion of literary works, are sometimes found commonly in the different literature of the world, because long time the Persian and Arab literature are related to each other, so we can consider these cooperation easily, one of these cooperations is cinquain form and by existing some current difference, we can consider its common application as one of these two literature links, both of poets have shown their abilities in these poetic styles, although in the appearance of it, some common factors were affected and in this study we will discuss about it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A Study of the Musical Element in the Poetry of Mahmoud Sami Al-Baroudi and Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar
Javad Karkhaneh Ismail Naderi Noman OnaghMusic is one of the most prominent poetic elements in the literature of any nation. Meanwhile, the literature of some nations such as Persian and Arabic literature have the same musical elements in their poems. In this study, we try to analyze the poems of two prominent MoreMusic is one of the most prominent poetic elements in the literature of any nation. Meanwhile, the literature of some nations such as Persian and Arabic literature have the same musical elements in their poems. In this study, we try to analyze the poems of two prominent and contemporary Arabic and Iranian poets, Mahmoud Sami Al-Baroudi and Malek Al-Shoarai Bahar to reveal the use of music-making factors in the poems of these two poets. To achieve this goal, the music of their poems is examined from two important aspects: external music (weight, rhyme and row) and internal music (Jenas, repetition with the sub-branch of phonology, repetition of the word and repetition of syllables, as well as Rad Al-Ajaz Ala Al-Sadr and Sadr). By this hypothesis, both poets have been able to compose sweet songs on their strings using musical instruments. The results of this study show that there are many similarities between these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Analysis formalism theory of Jamal al-din Ghasemi in the interpretation of the Mahasen-altavil (Case study: Attributes of God) .
kobra Heidari Keyvan Ehsani Ali Hasanbagi kobra Heidarithe formalism issue in the verses of the Qur'an is one of the most atractive issues among some Interpreters, especially Jamal al-din Ghasemi,. Ghasemi is the Interpreters attributed to the Salafi movement And this has induced he gets his intellectual foundations from th Morethe formalism issue in the verses of the Qur'an is one of the most atractive issues among some Interpreters, especially Jamal al-din Ghasemi,. Ghasemi is the Interpreters attributed to the Salafi movement And this has induced he gets his intellectual foundations from the leaders of this movement, especially about the God attributes. Seeing the face of God in the resurrection, talking God to Moses, The real sitting of God on the throne, Divine mockery and wrath in the real sense of the word, These are the attributes that Ghasemi believes to formalism them. however it seems Ghasemi's interpretation of these verses is not correct؛ Because considering of the words: Seeing , sitting , Saying, mockerying and wrathing of God, in requires the body in the real meaning, Therefore, it can be said that Ghasemi's approach is incompatible with definite and certain reasons; Therefore, the attributes of the verses should be interpreted. The purpose of this study is to prove the error of Ghasemi's interpretation of the verses of God's attributes using a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - To see the elements of fiction
Hassan Shavandi Azade KArimNovel for purposes of length is the longest kind of story.It has many of persons whichever has traction and particular rection. Navel is one of the kind of prose literature. At first,story for purposes of method was so poor but by passing the time sake relation of the MoreNovel for purposes of length is the longest kind of story.It has many of persons whichever has traction and particular rection. Navel is one of the kind of prose literature. At first,story for purposes of method was so poor but by passing the time sake relation of the Arabs with out of Saudi Arabia peninsula by talk and translatior was advanced. Navel settle life problems and human station on it's duration and under shade of fast progress of civilization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Literary Criticism: Preference and Comparison
Meysam TaromDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method MoreDue to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called preference in some era and comparison in some other era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - A Survey on contradiction of crime considering of Money Laundering through juridical formulas of no harm and possessive hand
محمد امین ملکی سید محمد مهدی احمدی علی رضا عسگریOne of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of coo MoreOne of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of cooperation on sin, expediency laws and…. Some law scholars believe that: it seems that prohibition and considering as crime of money laundering is contradicting with some juridical formulas like possessive hand, no harm, and with regard to these apparent contradictions they have weakened crime considering of money laundering. After a survey on jurist theories, it came to result that there is no contradiction and the path that lead this research to that are: necessity, Islamic society's expediencies and repulse of weak doubt to powerful doubts. This essay has written by library method and it's descriptive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Study of antileishmania activity of different extracts of Cichorium intybus against Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) promastigotes
mitra nasrazadani mohsen zargar monir doudi Parisa shoaeiBackground:Leishmaniasis induced by protozoa of the genus Leishmania can be evaluated as a zoonotic disease. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alcoholic,Aqueousand hexane extracts ofCichorium intybusleafagainst promastigotes of Leishmania by invitro ass MoreBackground:Leishmaniasis induced by protozoa of the genus Leishmania can be evaluated as a zoonotic disease. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alcoholic,Aqueousand hexane extracts ofCichorium intybusleafagainst promastigotes of Leishmania by invitro assay using MTT. Objective:The aim of this study was to find newnatural drug that can inhibite promastigotes of Leishmania,without side effects.Materials and Methods:The extracts were preparedby percolation method. The extracts were dried and solved in DMSO 5% solvent. Leishmania majorpromastigotes were cultured at 25±2°C in stationary phase in RPMI-1640 medium complemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and antibiotic Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL). Then, the biological activity of plant extracts in analogy to glucantime on L.majorpromastigotes were evaluated using MTT method. The optical density (OD by the parasite was measured using ELISA reader and IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentrations) were evaluated. All tests were repeated in Triplicate.Results:IC50 of glucantime was616/18 μg/ml,and IC50 values foralcoholic, aqueous andhexzane extracts were shown 1094μg/ml,2383/38μg/ml and2577/69μg/ml, respectively. Although glucantime was more effective than plant extracts, all extracts have shown inhibition effects on promastigotes of L.major.Conclusion:As regards, plant extracts: alcoholic, aqueous andhexzane extracts of chicory (Cichorium intybus) have anti-leishmanial effects in vitro further works are required to appraise the exact effect of these extracts on Leishmania agents in animal models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Application of paradigm archetypes in Astarabadi's Happiness Letter and Tarshizi Letter Letter based on Jung
Zeinab Norouzali Ahmad Khatini Khiyali Ali Asqhar HalabiThe present article is an attempt to find an ancient paradigm in the Court of Saadatnameh of Astarabadi and Saghinameh Tarshizi. Archaeologists are a treasure trove of collective psyche and thought that emerges, regardless of tradition, wherever and whenever, and becaus MoreThe present article is an attempt to find an ancient paradigm in the Court of Saadatnameh of Astarabadi and Saghinameh Tarshizi. Archaeologists are a treasure trove of collective psyche and thought that emerges, regardless of tradition, wherever and whenever, and because of the abundance of human experience, the number of archetypes cannot be determined. Since archetypes express certain psychological states of human beings, their specific psychological and worldview features of poets can be achieved by interpreting them in poems. Examples of Jungian personality models include the model mother, Anima-Animus, Shadow, Persona, and herself. Jung considers these concepts to be inherited structural components of the human psyche. Moving from me to myself requires the development of different layers of the subconscious that we will address in this article. Saghi's letter of emergence of Tarshizi and Saadatnameh of Nizamuddin Astarabadi are among the works that have not been sufficiently researched and many of their ammunition have been hidden. Therefore, by extracting the ancient pattern of examples in these two works, we can help to interpret the verses. This article has been evaluated with the aim of comparative study of proverbs in two poetry collections; and it aims to answer the questions raised. Did Astarabadi and Tarshizi use all the ancient concepts of parables in the works in question? And which of the concepts of exemplary forms (Persona, anima, animus, shadow, self, material mother) has the highest and lowest frequency in Astarabadi and Tarshizi poems? After extracting the archetype of exemplary forms in both courts, it was concluded that both poets used all the concepts of archetype in their work. Shadow and Anima have the highest frequency in Saadatnameh and Saqinameh, and Animos has the lowest frequency in both works. The proposed result is expressed in a library-analytical-descriptive manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - A Formalistic Analysis of Three Sonnets of Shams
Jaleh Akhtaryar Azar Fatemeh Emami Maryam ArjmandRussian formalism is one of the most influential approaches of literary criticism that examines literature from a linguistic perspective. The formalist approach often looks at the forms of literary texts and believes that it is the literary forms that carries meaning an MoreRussian formalism is one of the most influential approaches of literary criticism that examines literature from a linguistic perspective. The formalist approach often looks at the forms of literary texts and believes that it is the literary forms that carries meaning and meaning is nothing but the connections between the formal components of the word.In this article, the researcher has studied three lyrics of Rumi from the perspective of Russian formalism based on the theory of Jacobsen and Grammon in a descriptive-analytical method. It is worth mentioning that Rumi has created tones in the lyrics through repeated words, symmetry, imagery, metaphor, expression, pauses, emphasis and etc., which interact with the emotional dimension of the work. The role of structural art, which is one of the principles of formalism, has an aesthetic aspect in Rumi's lyrics and has led to innovation in the construction and form of verses in order to become richer and more artistic through harmony, de-familiarization, anomaly, metaphorical and figurative images. Manuscript profile -
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87 - Research on allusions of Shahname in Historical part
Hadi Khadivar Moluk Shafiee Aghdamkhj -
Open Access Article
88 - H3PW12O40 and Nano-sized Titania Supported on Urea Formaldehyde Resin for Photo catalytic Decolorization of Dye Pollutants in Aqueous Solution
Hossein Salavati Marzieh Mousavi-Dashti Mousavi-Dashti -
Open Access Article
89 - Selective and Validated SpectrophotometricMethods for Determination of Acyclovir and Ganciclovirwith 2, 4 as Reagent
T. Anil Kumar B. M. Gurupadayya M.B. Rahul Reddy M.V. PrudhviRaju -
Open Access Article
90 - Aging Study of Transformer Oil-Impregnated Repulped and Standard Cellulose by Measuring of 2-furfural Content of the Oil
Ali Ramazani Rana Rahmati Solmaz Bigdeli Sohrab Rahmani Mehrdad Hamidi -
Open Access Article
91 - A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Optoelectronic and Structural Properties of a New Copolymer Based on Polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) and Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (PHT)
Z. El Malki L. Bejjit M. Haddad M. Hamidi M. Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
92 - Pickering Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene-co-butyl Acrylate Nanoparticles by Using Cloisite Na+ as Surfactant
Mojgan Mirzataheri Shahram Khamisabadi Ali Salimi -
Open Access Article
93 - Metallurgical Aspects of the Spinning Process in Metallic Liners
S. M. J Hoseini H Ghayour A. S Golazani M. K Asgarani I Ebrahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
94 - The Effect of the Timing of Form-Focused Instruction on the Development of Iranian Tourism and Hotel Management Students’ Explicit Knowledge of Grammar
Shiva Maleki Davood Ghahramani -
Open Access Article
95 - Narrative Form of Story Telling in Palestine's literature of Resistance (Case Study of the Novel Babossaheh)
Kobra Roshanfekr Naeemeh Parandavaji Khalil Parvini Faramarz MirzaeeNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative   MoreNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative forms are divided in to five; direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect and narrative report of speeches and thoughts, based on the domination degree of the narrator and the characters. The present article deals with descriptive and analytical style and by presenting a complete statistics population of characters' speeches, studies different ways of speech representation of "Babossahe" a novel by Sahar Khalifeh. Findings of the study demonstrated that the narrator used all forms of speech representation styles for showing Palestine social condition and problems of the women of country at the first years of uprising, but direct speech, narrative style of speech and free direct speech have the most frequencies. The narrator by using direct speech and free direct speech allows the characters to relate with the reader and familiarize them with the narrators political, economical, cultural and social mental distresses. Using these techniques helps the narrator to show different sides of life and problems of Palestine women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Synthesis of linear array of antennas by Newton binomial method to reduce the level of lateral petals of the beam
Maryam Rahimi kazeroni Ghasem RavaeiAntenna arrays are one of the most susceptible types of antennas in this field due to having the necessary capabilities for beam shaping, beam conduction, direction, and high gain. In general, in pattern synthesis of an array of antennas, the main focus is on determinin MoreAntenna arrays are one of the most susceptible types of antennas in this field due to having the necessary capabilities for beam shaping, beam conduction, direction, and high gain. In general, in pattern synthesis of an array of antennas, the main focus is on determining the excitation of the antennas to produce a desired pattern. The problem of determining the excitation of the antennas in the array can be divided into three main categories. The first issue of antenna pattern synthesis is the production of a pattern whose zeros are in the desired directions. The second problem is the production of a pattern with a very narrow beamwidth that the level of the lateral petals is very low compared to the main petal. The third problem is the production of a shaped beam. In this paper, the pattern synthesis of an array of antennas with very narrow beams and very low lateral petal surface area compared to the main petal is discussed. There are several different ways to do this in antenna articles and books. One of these methods is Newton binomial method. In this paper, a linear array is used to produce a very narrow beam and reduce the surface of the lateral petals using Newton Pattern Synthesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction and its Application in Impact of Low-Velocity Projectiles with Water Surface
N. Khazraiyan N. Dashtian Gerami M. Damircheli -
Open Access Article
98 - Trajectory Tracking Control of a Novel Planner Continuum Robot
Seyed Shoja Amini ali keymasi khalaji -
Open Access Article
99 - Process Parameters Optimization in Gas Blow Forming of Pin-type Metal Bipolar Plates using Taguchi and Finite Element Methods
M. Moradian A. Doniavi V. Modanloo V. Alimirzaloo -
Open Access Article
100 - Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Factors Affecting the Spring-back Phenomenon in UVaSPIF Process Using Response Surface Methodology
M. Vahdati R. A. Mahdavinejad S. Amini -
Open Access Article
101 - Numerical Analysis of Circular Pre-notched U-Channel Section Distortions in Cold Roll-Forming Process
S. Sattar S. Mazdak E. Sharifi -
Open Access Article
102 - Experimental Investigation of Effective Parameters on a New Incremental Tube Bulging Method Using Rotary Tool
S. M. H. Seyedkashi S. J. Hashemi Ghiri F. Rahmani -
Open Access Article
103 - Experimental Investigation of Incremental Forming Process of Bilayer Hybrid Brass/St13 Sheets
R. Ashouri H. Shahrajabian -
Open Access Article
104 - The Impact of Die Corner Radius and Friction Coefficient on Bulge Forming of T-Shaped Copper Tubes using Finite-Element Method and Experimental Analysis
M. Ahmadpour Omid Ghahraei -
Open Access Article
105 - Investigating the Effect of Rotation Speed and Ultrasonic Vibrations in the Incremental Forming Process
Saeed Amini Farshad Nazari Mohammad Baraheni Amir Hossein Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
106 - Incremental Forming of Polymeric Sheet Printed by Fused Deposition Modeling
Saeid Esmaeili Mohsen Loh-Mousavi Sayyed Ali Eftekhari -
Open Access Article
107 - Impact of Loading Rate in Hot Tube Gas Forming of AA6063
Mastafa Rajaee Seyed Jamal Hosseinipour Hamed Jamshidi Aval -
Open Access Article
108 - Experimental Investigation of the Formability Improvement of Brass 260 and Al5182-O in Various Strain Rate using Hydrodynamic and Electrohydraulic Forming Methods
َAmin Ashrafi Tafreshi Mehdi Zohoor -
Open Access Article
109 - Numerical Simulation of Ultrasonic Assisted Indentation Tube Forming
Saeid Dashti Masih Paknejad Amir Abdullah Abbas Pak -
Open Access Article
110 - Fabrication of a Complicated Specimen with Two Point Incremental Forming Process
Mehdi Safari Jalal Joudaki -
Open Access Article
111 - Hole-flanging of 2205 Dual-Phase Steel using Incremental Forming Process
Amir H. Roohi Seyed Jalal Hashemi -
Open Access Article
112 - Experimental Analysis of Effective Parameters on the Bowing Defect of Symmetrical U-Section in Roll Forming Production
Amin Poursafar Saeid Saberi Rasoul Tarkesh Esfahani Meisam Vahabi Javad Jafari Fesharaki -
Open Access Article
113 - Antihyperlipidemic activity of a unani formulation in high fat diet-induced obese murine model
Md Rafiul Haque Shahid Hussain Ansari -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigation of inhibitory properties of triphenyl-LasR enzyme involved in the quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by molecular modeling
Mahshad Shahriari Faezeh Nourmandipour Samira Norouzi Samad Nejad Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
115 - A Contrastive Analysis of English and Persian Native Speakers' Use of Gambits
Azizeh Chalak Zahra Norouzi -
Open Access Article
116 - English Comparative Forms in Iranian Textbooks Compared to Textbooks Developed by Native Material Developers
Ghazaleh Shafeniya AhmadReza Lotfi -
Open Access Article
117 - Languaging in L1 as a Mediating Factor in EFL Listening Skill Enhancement: Private vs. Collaborative Form
Morvarid Lavasani Farnaz Latif Amirhosein Rahimi -
Open Access Article
118 - Effects of First Language Metalinguistic Comments on Task-based Instruction: Durable Gains of Third Person /-s/ by Adult Iranian EFL Learners
Soheil Rahimi Moussa Ahmadian Majid Amerian Hamid Reza Dolat Abadi -
Open Access Article
119 - A Qualitative Study of Experience in Forming Teachers’ Cognition on the Concept of Language Noticing
Zahra Zargaran Mohammad Khatib Parviz Birjandi Masoud Yazdani Moghadam -
Open Access Article
120 - Whath"s behind the growth in homeschooling in Iran: A qualitative research
کورش فتحی واجارگاه اباصلت خراسانی محمد تقی رودیHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In MoreHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In this qualitative a sample of 9 families selected based on purposeful sampling and using the snowballing method. Method for gathering data included semi- structured interview and autobiography. Results shoe that economic factors were not considered as an effective to tendency to home schooling from the parent’s standpoint. Parents believed that the most important socio- cultural factors affecting the tendency to home schooling were as following being the competitive climate within schools, lack of the ethical education and human values in school curricula, educational experiences of parents and taking the responsibility from parents. In addition to, parents referred to this reasons as educational and pedagogical factors leading to homeschooling dissatisfaction with the school curricula, teaching methods and lack of autonomy in learning, attending to the interests and needs of child. Active methods and being opportunities for mutual learning. Centralization and politicization of education also mentioned as influential policies in tendency to home schooling. Results also indicate that tendency of parents to home schooling is not only because of dissatisfaction with schooling, but also because of positive homeschooling factors and incentives Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigate the effect of instructional design model of Gagne and Briggs on learning, retention and motivation on academic achievement in science courses
راضیه برزگر خدیجه علی آبادیEducation is the most basic human needs. Without education, no society is able to continue to survive. However, effective education cannot be done by trial and error and it requires a design. This study was conducted according to the importance and effectiveness of inst MoreEducation is the most basic human needs. Without education, no society is able to continue to survive. However, effective education cannot be done by trial and error and it requires a design. This study was conducted according to the importance and effectiveness of instructional design models and specially the Gagne model in the field of educational activities on learning, retention and achievement mtivation of experimental sciences courses of the third-grade. Type of research was quasi – experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Statistical community of the research was all female students of the third–grade of Ahar in the academic year of 2009-10 by using cluster random sampling method. At first, it was selected a school and then two classes consisting of 25 students as samples and another class for the experimental group (25 students) and also other class as the control group (25 subjects). In order to assess the participants learning, retention and achievement motivation, a questionnaire (ISM) was used. The coefficient of reliability learning test by using the split-half method was 0.83 and coefficient of reliability achievement motivation by using the questionnaire (ISM) with Cronbach's alpha method was obtained 0.81. The method of conduction was the designed educational content (chapters 12, 13 and 14 science books) based on Gagne models for 8 sessions (every session for 45 minutes) and preparation tests, taught experimental group (n = 25) based on Gagne instructional design model and the control group (n = 25) based on the traditional method. After data collection, data analysis were performed by using the parameters of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance), and using SPSS software. The results showed that applying the Gagne instructional design model in the experimental science courses compared with traditional method could increase learning and retention, but there was no significant difference in the achievement motivation between the groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Whath
nader soleimani sara khaniHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In MoreHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In this qualitative a sample of 9 families selected based on purposeful sampling and using the snowballing method. Method for gathering data included semi- structured interview and autobiography. Results shoe that economic factors were not considered as an effective to tendency to home schooling from the parent’s standpoint. Parents believed that the most important socio- cultural factors affecting the tendency to home schooling were as following being the competitive climate within schools, lack of the ethical education and human values in school curricula, educational experiences of parents and taking the responsibility from parents. In addition to, parents referred to this reasons as educational and pedagogical factors leading to homeschooling dissatisfaction with the school curricula, teaching methods and lack of autonomy in learning, attending to the interests and needs of child. Active methods and being opportunities for mutual learning. Centralization and politicization of education also mentioned as influential policies in tendency to home schooling. Results also indicate that tendency of parents to home schooling is not only because of dissatisfaction with schooling, but also because of positive homeschooling factors and incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The effect of exploratory method on critical thinking and attitude towards science textbook of elementary school
حسین مومنی مهموئی مرتضی کرمی مریم سادات سید شریفی کاخکیHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In MoreHomeschooling is defined as educating the child by parents in home environment. In this approach curricula and teaching methods are determined by child and their parent. The current research was aimed at studying the factors influencing on tendency to homeschooling. In this qualitative a sample of 9 families selected based on purposeful sampling and using the snowballing method. Method for gathering data included semi- structured interview and autobiography. Results shoe that economic factors were not considered as an effective to tendency to home schooling from the parent’s standpoint. Parents believed that the most important socio- cultural factors affecting the tendency to home schooling were as following being the competitive climate within schools, lack of the ethical education and human values in school curricula, educational experiences of parents and taking the responsibility from parents. In addition to, parents referred to this reasons as educational and pedagogical factors leading to homeschooling dissatisfaction with the school curricula, teaching methods and lack of autonomy in learning, attending to the interests and needs of child. Active methods and being opportunities for mutual learning. Centralization and politicization of education also mentioned as influential policies in tendency to home schooling. Results also indicate that tendency of parents to home schooling is not only because of dissatisfaction with schooling, but also because of positive homeschooling factors and incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Relationship Between Teachers' Instruction Procedures and Job Burnout
Azizeh Chalak Parviz Birjandi S. Esmail Hosseini Ahmad Reza Jafari Dehkordi Omid Tabatabaei Sondos Mansouri Amir Farzad Ashouri Mansour Koosha Sahar Najarzadegan Ahmad Reza Lotfi MohammadAli Nadi Mohsen Salimian Fakhri Shatalebi Nader Soleimani Mansoor Tavakoli Omid Tabatabaei Hossein Bagheri Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Zahra Fotovatnia GholamReza Akbari Behrouz Nouri Samani Safura Masaeli GholamReza Zareie Naser Abasszadeh Narges SaeedianThe purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher instruction procedure and job burnout. The participants in this study were 140 teachers (males=87,females=53) at secondary schools in Garmsar. Two instruments were used to collect data. The teacher MoreThe purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher instruction procedure and job burnout. The participants in this study were 140 teachers (males=87,females=53) at secondary schools in Garmsar. Two instruments were used to collect data. The teachers' instruction procedure was measured by the use of a researcher made questionnaire (with three dimensions of instruction as direct, semi‐direct and indirect). The job burnout (namely: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased professional efficacy) was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data were analyzed using the Pearson product‐moment correlation technique, Chi‐Square test and regression. The major findings were as follows: 1) A signiicant relationship between total teachers' nstruction procedure and total burnout. 2) A positive relationship between teachers' direct instruction procedure and job burnout. 3) A Negative relationship between teachers' indirect instruction procedure and job burnout. 4) No significant relationship between teachers' semi‐direct instruction procedure and job burnout. 5) A positive relationship was found between teachers' direct instruction procedure with each three dimensions of job burnout (Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment). 6) A signiicantly negative relationship was found separate between teachers' direct instruction with each dimension of job burnout. 7) There was no relationship between teachers' semi‐direct instruction procedure with each three dimensions of job burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Identification of sexual education curriculum in the education system Iran
zohreh ghalavand parvin samadi parvin ahmadi Narges KeshtiaraySexual education is one of the most complex and sensitive areas of education. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the position of the country's high school sexual orientation curriculum in recent decades. This research employed a qualitative synthes MoreSexual education is one of the most complex and sensitive areas of education. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the position of the country's high school sexual orientation curriculum in recent decades. This research employed a qualitative synthesis approach. The corpus of this study consisted of all scientific articles published(magiran, sid, normags, etc ) about the implementation of Sexual education. From this corpus 268 papers were identified through constant searching of the scientific data bases and a total of 36 articles were selected for the final analysis. A researcher- made worksheet form was used for the purpose of reporting and submitting information. The obtained data were analyzed through six-step model for meta-synthesis Robert using Open and axial coding techniques. Findings synthesis indicate that the four themes of the double-edged sword are the concept of sexuality, threats – opportunities for sexuality education, sex education and culture in sexuality The results indicated that the sex education curriculum is a silent curriculum that can be clarified by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Systematic review of components supporting formation PCK among novice teachers
maryam khodarahmi mostfa ghaderi mahboobeh khosravi mahmoud mehrmohammadiBecause PCK is considered as one of the dimensions of teacher knowledge, understanding how to support it has been considered. This study is a systematic review of 11 years of research (2021-2010) on the components supporting PCK formation. The aim of this study is to cl MoreBecause PCK is considered as one of the dimensions of teacher knowledge, understanding how to support it has been considered. This study is a systematic review of 11 years of research (2021-2010) on the components supporting PCK formation. The aim of this study is to classify the components and factors supporting PCK formation. 39 articles were selected from 6 major academic databases using search disciplines and manual screening protocols. Literature analysis focused on twelve components and 9 groups of actors. "The role of teacher training programs in PCK development", "PCK based on personal experience" and "Growth of teachers' reflection in line with PCK development" are recognized as the main components of supporting PCK formation. In this study, several actors from the relevant literature were identified, and categorized into nine categories based on percentage, including: mentors, new teachers, school principals, university administrators, students, colleagues, Supervisor, researchers, and parents; And among them "mentors", "new teachers", "school principals" and "university course organizers" are known as the top actors in the formation of PCK. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Presenting a New Model of Optimal Coordinated beam former Vector Selection in DRFM for Radar Jamming
Hasan Mohammadi khodadad Halili Vahidreza Soltaninia Meysam Bayat Saeed Talati -
Open Access Article
128 - Modeling aboveground net primary production using Landsat-8 indices in Siahpoosh and Ganjgah rangelands of Ardabil province, Iran
Pashmineh Mohammadnazhad Mehdi Moameri Ardavan Ghorbani Farid Dadjou Vadood MohammadiThe aim of this study was to estimate the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of life forms and total ANPP using Landsat 8 images in Siahpoosh and Ganjgah rangelands of Ardabil province. Field sampling was conducted in June 2019 and a satellite image was received MoreThe aim of this study was to estimate the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of life forms and total ANPP using Landsat 8 images in Siahpoosh and Ganjgah rangelands of Ardabil province. Field sampling was conducted in June 2019 and a satellite image was received at the same time. Seven sampling sites was selected, and three 100-meter transects parallel and perpendicular to the slope direction was established in each sites, and along each transects from 10 plots (1m2), the ANPP of life forms with random-systematic method were collected (210 plots in total). Then, 22 plant indices were selected according to previous references and calculated for the region. Next, the correlation between the ANPP of life forms and total ANPP with plant indices was calculated and the plant index with the highest correlation was selected for modeling. The first-order linear equation was used for modeling and the equations were estimated in ArcMap software as a map. The results showed that among the studied indices, NDVI was the most appropriate index for modeling; however, the highest correlation of this index was with total ANPP (0.88), and grasses ANPP (0.78); while it had less correlation with the forbs ANPP (0.41), and shrubs ANPP (0.31). The range of changes were 0 to 1857 kg/ha for grasses, 9 to 766 kg/ha for forbs, 0 to 458 kg/ha for shrubs, and 9 to 3081 kg/ha for the total ANPP. The accuracy of the models was evaluated by RMSE, MDE and MAE criteria and the accuracy was acceptable. Also, there was essentially no difference between the mean of real and modeled data. The results of this study can be used to balance the supply and demand of rangeland production for sustainable development of rangeland ecosystems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Using the Modified Colonial Competition Algorithm to Increase the Speed and Accuracy of the Intelligent Intrusion Detection System
Mohammad Nazarpour Navid Nezafati Sajjad ShokouhyarIntroduction: In recent decades, rapid development in the world of technology and networks has achieved, also there is a spread of Internet of thing services in all fields over the world. Piracy numbers have increased, also a lot of modern systems were penetrated. Thus MoreIntroduction: In recent decades, rapid development in the world of technology and networks has achieved, also there is a spread of Internet of thing services in all fields over the world. Piracy numbers have increased, also a lot of modern systems were penetrated. Thus the developing information security technologies to detect the new attack become an important requirement.Method: One of the most important information security technologies is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that uses machine learning and deep learning techniques to detect anomalies in the network. In all of the information processing systems, detecting cyber-attacks is one of the main challenges and its effects can be blocked or limited by timely detection of attacks. The IoT system is no exception to this phenomenon, and with the high development of this technology and the expansion of its infrastructure, the need for an intelligent intrusion detection system with high accuracy and speed is essential. Neural networks are modern systems and computational methods for machine learning, knowledge representation, and the application of acquired knowledge to maximize the output accuracy of complex systems. Neural networks have already been used to solve many problems related to pattern recognition, data mining, data compression and research is still underway with regards to intrusion detection systems. One of the disadvantages of using training with classical methods in neural networks is getting stuck in local optimal points. In this paper, we use the meta-heuristic algorithm of Imperial competition algorithm (ICA) to train neural networks and show that in the field of intrusion detection in the IoT system, it can show much better accuracy and speed to classical training methods.Results: Results show that our proposed method has 90% accuracy. This method has a better performance in comparison to classical neural network that has 75% accuracy.Discussion: In this article, we will show that the use of imperial competition evolutionary optimization algorithms instead of traditional methods can increase the accuracy of the IDS system. In addition, evolutionary optimization algorithms are zero order and less complicated than gradient methods. Therefore, using this method, in addition to reducing the cost of system implementation, can increase the speed and accuracy of intrusion detection. In addition, from reliability point of view, we will show that the ICA-based systems are more stable in different implementations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Role of Form in the Transcendence of Aesthetic Experience with an Emphasis on Islamic Philosophers’ Opinions and Look at the Tabatabaei House
Maryam Bakhtiarian Firoozeh Sheibani RezvaniThe purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Islamic form and its relationship with meaning in Islamic art, from the perspective of thinkers in this field by citing examples of architecture in the Islamic era. In this qualitative research, the possibilitie MoreThe purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Islamic form and its relationship with meaning in Islamic art, from the perspective of thinkers in this field by citing examples of architecture in the Islamic era. In this qualitative research, the possibilities of form in the excellence of Islamic art, beauty criteria from the perspective of Islamic sages, and considering the formal elements in the architecture of the Tabatabaei family's house were described and analyzed. The results of this research can be summarized as follows; from the point of view of known Islamic philosophers, the importance of the form in the excellence of Islamic art is that the audience approaches the spiritual experience through this art. In comparing the position of the form in Islamic aesthetics with the concept of form in Western aesthetic thinking, it is evident that the role of the Islamic form is in discovering and recognizing mysteries in the phenomena, and the importance of this role can only be identified in the connection between the form and its meaning. Islamic formal elements such as centrism and geometry, symbol and code, light and color, and abstraction have clear evidence in artistic works such as carpet art, painting, calligraphy, and architecture in the Islamic era. In a case study of the Tabatabaei house, elements such as center and geometry, code and symbol, color and light, and abstraction connect sublime concepts such as unity, goodness, perfection, and beauty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Necessity of a Paradigm Shift in Urban Form Studies: An Examination through Different Philosophical Paradigms of Science
Ahmad Ali Namdarian Somayeh KhaniThe concept of urban form encounters numerous uncertainties. It finds applications in various discussions within architecture, urbanism, and environmental design. However, its meaning is often assumed rather than clearly defined. Urban studies are typically divided into MoreThe concept of urban form encounters numerous uncertainties. It finds applications in various discussions within architecture, urbanism, and environmental design. However, its meaning is often assumed rather than clearly defined. Urban studies are typically divided into two main categories: architectural and urban historians, and geographers. Yet, these groups often fail to explain the reasons for changes in urban form. Understanding the factors that shape urban form requires a new theoretical framework. The philosophy of science can assess and categorize existing studies while offering a fresh definition. This article aims to classify urban studies through content analysis and library research. The paper demonstrates that previous studies have predominantly embraced a "positivistic" and "critical rationalism" approach, which tends to reduce the ontological nature of urban form to its epistemology. Critical realism can illuminate the hidden mechanisms underlying the urban form, leading to the introduction of the term "influential forces" to represent these concealed mechanisms. In other words, focusing solely on the dimensions of form presents a limited perspective; attention should be given to causal factors in urban form studies. These influential forces can provide insights into causality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Embodiment Of Deeds and Soul Faculties in Mystics’ Viewpoint
Akbar AsadalizadehAccording to mysticism and literary contexts, in the life after death, human beings would acquire an identity that is appropriate with their deeds and beliefs that leads to embodiment of their behavior, attributes and all goodness and badness of their soul faculties. MoreAccording to mysticism and literary contexts, in the life after death, human beings would acquire an identity that is appropriate with their deeds and beliefs that leads to embodiment of their behavior, attributes and all goodness and badness of their soul faculties. If the attributes of predatory animals and savages overcome them and they used to get absorbed in lust and soul desires, they would obtain the form of predatory animals and savages. However, if they leave life with believing and obeying God’s commands, they would get into fairness, purity and sweet smelling. Anyone having insight would be able to observe the identity of his or her own and others. However, most persons are not able to do so. Once the veil of truth is removed and everyone is buried, all can be observed with insight while everyone is in proper features and shapes. Light and fairness of scorpions and serpents that surrounds them, in fact, are all the faculties and attributes that will be revealed in the world after life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - 'Ayn ul-Quzzāt Hamidānīs view on Unity Of Being
Morteza ShajariUnity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surro MoreUnity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surrounding all things?" (Quran; 41:54) he describe those who are in doubt about the meeting with the Lord, as blind. The blind men are who can not see God's sovereign encompassment over all existents including His Being, because in doing so, can undoubtedly observe that they, themselves, are among the numerous Divine manifestations. For him, God by His sovereign encompassment over the manifestations can be regarded both as centre and periphery. Therefore, God possesses Being truly not like the creatures that are of it metaphorically. They, i. e. creatures, are the various modes of the Unitary Being that from time to time, Hamadani calls them as temporal advents. God is eternal, to say, He is beyond the time, so that one can say as in the beginningless eternity God existed with no other thing accompanied Him, He exists in the present time and will exist in the endless eternity, too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy Instruction and Their Impact on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Cognitive Processes
Maryam Khezri Nejad Mojgan Rashtchi Zohreh SeifooriThis study explores the efficacy of cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction in enhancing the writing cognitive processes of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Utilizing various instructional approaches, including scaffolded metacognitive inst MoreThis study explores the efficacy of cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction in enhancing the writing cognitive processes of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Utilizing various instructional approaches, including scaffolded metacognitive instruction and writing metacognitive strategies, the research investigates the effects on learners’ metacognitive awareness and writing accuracy. Research on cognitive-oriented writing is a young but growing field. The current mixed methods study explored the extent to which brainstorming, focus on form (FonF), and metacognitive strategy instruction could affect cognitive processes (planning, translating, revising) of Iranian EFL learners. The participants were 150 BA learners in three intact classes majoring in English language translation at IAU, Islamshahr Branch. During 16 sessions, each group experienced brainstorming, metacognitive strategy instruction, or FonF activities as pre-task conditions. Writing pretest and posttest, and semi-structured interview were utilized to collect the data. The results obtained from one-way ANOVA revealed that pre-task conditions statistically impacted the cognitive processes of learners’ writings. The findings suggest a positive correlation between strategic knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and improved writing skills among Iranian EFL learners. The study not only contributes to the understanding of the interplay between cognitive and metacognitive processes in language learning but also provides valuable insights for educators aiming to enhance writing proficiency in EFL settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Modelling Mechanical Properties of AISI 439-430Ti Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheet
N Brinis B Regaiguia O Chahaoui N Maatougui M.L Fares -
Open Access Article
136 - Chip Formation Process using Finite Element Simulation “Influence of Cutting Speed Variation”
A Kherraf Y Tamerabet M Brioua R Benbouta -
Open Access Article
137 - The Effects of Forming Parameters on the Single Point Incremental Forming of 1050 Aluminum Alloy Sheet
R Safdarian -
Open Access Article
138 - An Efficient Finite Element Formulation Based on Deformation Approach for Bending of Functionally Graded Beams
H Ziou M Himeur H Guenfoud M Guenfoud -
Open Access Article
139 - New Two 20-Node High-Order Finite Elements Based on the SFR Concept for Analyzing 3D Elasticity Problems
H Djahara K Meftah L Sedira A Ayadi -
Open Access Article
140 - Numerical and Experimental Research of Deep Drawing Process
N Arab -
Open Access Article
141 - Closed Form Solution for Electro-Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Behaviour of Double-Layered Composite Cylinder
A Loghman H Parsa -
Open Access Article
142 - Non Uniform Rational B Spline (NURBS) Based Non-Linear Analysis of Straight Beams with Mixed Formulations
R Ranjan J.N Reddy -
Open Access Article
143 - Dynamic Fracture Analysis Using an Uncoupled Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Finite Element Formulation
A.R Shahani M.R Amini -
Open Access Article
144 - A New Finite Element Formulation for Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Timoshenko Beams on Variable Elastic Foundation
A Mirzabeigy M Haghpanahi R Madoliat -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of temperature on the development, female longevity and parasitism of Closterocerus formosus (Hym.: Eulophdiae), parasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii (Dip.: Agromyzidae)
Shahram Hesami Hadi Ostovan Ebrahim Ebrahimi Mahmoud Shojai Karim KamaliThe effects of five constant temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 & 35 oC) on the development (egg to adult emergence), longevity of female and parasitism of eulophid wasp Closterocerus formosus Westwood, on the serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burges), was studied MoreThe effects of five constant temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 & 35 oC) on the development (egg to adult emergence), longevity of female and parasitism of eulophid wasp Closterocerus formosus Westwood, on the serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burges), was studied on bean. The developmental period was decreased as temperature increased and developmental duration from egg to adult emergence at constant experimental temperatures was 53.2, 27.6, 15.4, 9.6 and 7.2 days, respectively. Also the longevity of adult females decreased as temperature increased, and in the mentioned temperatures, female longevity determined as 27, 23.1, 22.4, 19.8 and 17.6 days. Accordingly, total numbers of host killed by the parasitoid (by parasitism and host killing) were 37.4, 197.8, 349.5, 324.4 and 296.5 at constant temperatures. The relationship between temperature and the developmental rate of the parasitoid well described by linear regression model. The lower threshold temperature was estimated to be 13.5 oC and degree-day requirement for egg-adult emergence was 166.66. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - A Second-Order Accurate Numerical Approximation for Two-Sided Fractional Boundary Value Advection-Diffusion Problem
Elyas Shivanian Hamid Reza Khodabandehlo -
Open Access Article
147 - A New Method for Solving Two-Dimensional Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations of The Second Kind
Mohsen Darabi Nouredin Parandin Mahmoud Paripour Ali Seifi -
Open Access Article
148 - Application of semi-analytic method to compute the moments for solution of logistic model
MohammadAli Jafari -
Open Access Article
149 - Poison process with fuzzy parameter
Abolfazl Saeidifar -
Open Access Article
150 - New solution of fuzzy linear matrix equations
Mahmood OtadiIn this paper, a new method based on parametric form for approximate solu-tion of fuzzy linear matrix equations (FLMEs) of the form AX = B; where Ais a crisp matrix, B is a fuzzy number matrix and the unknown matrix X one,is presented. Then a numerical example is presen MoreIn this paper, a new method based on parametric form for approximate solu-tion of fuzzy linear matrix equations (FLMEs) of the form AX = B; where Ais a crisp matrix, B is a fuzzy number matrix and the unknown matrix X one,is presented. Then a numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposedmodel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - English-Persian Word Formation with an Eye on Culture and Thought Effects
Ebrahim Abedi Lotfollah Yarmohamadi Naser Rashidi -
Open Access Article
152 - Investigating The Effect Of Silicon And Its Formulations on Biological Parameters And Density Of Tetranychus Urticae On Five Bean Varieties
H. Rezaei Shila Goldasteh Elham Sanatgar A. NickpeyThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bea MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bean cultivar and second type of silicone consumed). The tested bean cultivars consist of five varieties of red bean, black bean, white, black and white beans. For the experiment, for each bean variety, 20 pots are considered (totally 100 pots). The silicon compounds used in the experiments include silicone fluid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powder calcium silicate. From each of 20 pots of a bean cultivar, 5 pots were considered as controls, and 5 pots of liquid potassium silicate, 5 pots of powdered calcium silicate and finally on the last 5 pots of liquid fertilizer based on silicon. . Then 10 leaves of each pot are placed in a petri dish and placed on the leaves of 50 equally male and female mats, and the petri dishes are incubated at 25 ± 5 ° C and The relative humidity was 60 ± 10%. Then, in 18 days, the number of adult mites on the back and back of each leaf of each petri and the number of eggs on the back and back of them were counted with anatomical microscope, and the biological parameters and survival percentage of each stage of growth The available varieties of each bean variety were studied under a special silicone composition until the death of the last mite. SPSS-23 software was used for data analysis and Excel charts were used to draw tables charts. The results indicate that the most effective use of silicon and formulations in bean breeding, including siliciculous liquid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powdered calcium silicate, has been shown to decrease the survival or survival ratio and life expectancy and decrease Turning eggs into larvae, and turning larvae into nymphs, and turning nymphs into mites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Geometric and kinematic analysis of Dorbadam anticline, North of Quchan, Iran
Hamidreza Afkhami Ardakani Farzin Ghaemi Behnam Rahimi -
Open Access Article
154 - The study of post depositional history in the Chehel Kaman formation, in the eastern regions of Kopet-Dagh, North-East Iran
Somayeh Erfani Mohammad Javanbakht Mehdireza PoursoltaniThe Chehel Kaman Formation of the upper Paleocene age formed from carbonate and siliciclastic sediments is located, in the Kapeh Dagh Sedimentary Basin. Two sections where considered for the purpose of research into the effective diagenetic processes of this formation. MoreThe Chehel Kaman Formation of the upper Paleocene age formed from carbonate and siliciclastic sediments is located, in the Kapeh Dagh Sedimentary Basin. Two sections where considered for the purpose of research into the effective diagenetic processes of this formation. The Cheshmeh Qorban section with a thickness of 270.8m located 140km down the Mashhad – Sarakhs Highway while the Shourlog Section with a thickness of 288.3m is situated 130km down the Mashhad – Mozduran – Sarakhs Highway. 120 samples were taken from these sections and 100 thin cross sections produced from these samples. The carbonate rocks of this formation have been affected by diagenetic processes such as cementation, micritization, neomorphism, dissolution stress and porosity. These processes have taken place at the four marine diagenetic stages of the underground and surface sweet water. All cross sections were investigated using a gypsum bladein order to identify any extant porosity. All changes including type and percentage were plotted for each section. The results of the investigations indicated that in the Cheshmeh Qorban section of the Chehel Kaman Formation the lowest porosity content with a 3% rate of recurrence was related to microporosities while the greatest accumulation of porosity with a 7% recurrence rate in porosity was due to fracture porosity. In the Shourlog section meanwhile the lowest porosity content with a 2% recurrence rate was related to microporosities and the greatest accumulation with a recurrence rate of 6% was due to vuggy porosity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Lithostratigraphy ,biostratigraphy of Paleocene-lower Eocene squences in Dezful embeyment, South West Iran
Fatemeh Moradian Darioush BaghbaniPaleocene and Lower Eocene deposits in SW Iran are known as Pabdeh formation.Pabdeh formation is one of the most important lithostratigraphy unit as source rock has been deposited in Zagros basin over an extremely long period in time. The area under research is th MorePaleocene and Lower Eocene deposits in SW Iran are known as Pabdeh formation.Pabdeh formation is one of the most important lithostratigraphy unit as source rock has been deposited in Zagros basin over an extremely long period in time. The area under research is the Ghachsaran 55 subsurface Section located from the Ghachsaran oil field in Dezful embeyment in zagros fold zone. The Lower boundry of this formation around Ghachsaran basin is identified by Gurpi formation. Study on lithostratigraphy of Paleocene and lower Eocene deposits have been led to the separation following units: clay limestone section in gray colour,11m in thickness, clay limestone section 18m in thickness containing chert inter layers, silt clay limestone section 3m in thickness, The clay limestone section 3m in thickness containing chert interlayers, clay limestone section 4m in thickness . biostratigraphy investigation of Pabdeh formation have been led to the identification of 39 species and 9 genera of foraminifers.In addition , basis of Paleocene- Early Eocene planktonicforamimnifers bioevent in Wade biozonation such as Morozovella velascoensis, Globanomalina pseudomenardii, Psudohastigerina wilcoxensis, Acarinina soldadoensis , Morozovella subbotinae , Morozovella formosa , 9 biozones and 4 subzones are recogenized and these correlated with oldest biozones of (Wynd 1965) Beside,the bio-boundary of Paleocene and early Eocene is identified based on (Wade et al. 2011). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Microfacies, Sequence stratigraphy, Facies analysis and Sedimentary environment of Neocomian in Kuh-e-Siah section (Arsenjan area, SW of Iran)
Masoud Abedpour Massih Afghah Vahid Ahmadi Mohammad Sadegh Dehghanian -
Open Access Article
157 - Microbiostratigraphy and Sequencestratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation in central part of Lorestan zone, SW Iran
Ghamarnaz Darabi Iraj Maghfouri Moghaddam Abbas Sadeghi Bijan Yusefi -
Open Access Article
158 - Age, microfacies and sedimentary environments of the Sirenia-bearing deposits of the Qom Formation in Central Iran
Fatemeh Morovati Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi Mehran Arian Afshin Zohdi Mohsen Al-e Ali -
Open Access Article
159 - Porosity evolution and diagenetic history of the upper Jurassic Mozduran Formation, eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran
Mehdi Reza Poursoltani Mahin Hrati Sabzvar -
Open Access Article
160 - Neocomian Fahliyan formation carbonates in the oil well X2 (Dorood oil field, Persian Gulf): Biostratigraphic data from benthic foraminifera and algae
لیلا رستمی سیدحمید وزیری داود جهانی علی سلگی مرتضی طاهرپور خلیل آباد ایوانا زورن گراویک احمد یحیایی -
Open Access Article
161 - Seismic and sequence stratigraphy of the Oligocene-Miocene Asmari reservoir in the Marun oilfield, SW Iran
Jalil Jafari Asadollah Mahboubi Reza Moussavi-Harami -
Open Access Article
162 - Depositional environment and microfacies analysis: An example of the Asmari Formation in West Zagros Basin, Lorestan province (Iran)
Mohammad Rajabi Saeedeh Senemari Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi Maryamnaz Bahrammanesh Tehrani -
Open Access Article
163 - Biostratigraphy and depositional architecture of the Kazhdumi formation (Aptian-Albian) in the Izeh zone, Zagros mountains, SW Iran
Asiyeh Arampour Massih Afghah Mahnaz Parvaneh Shirazi -
Open Access Article
164 - Facies analysis, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Permian Ruteh Formation in north of Mahabad (NW Iran)
Youssef Mohammadi Moghaddas Rahim Mahari Rahim Shabanian Adel Najafzadeh -
Open Access Article
165 - Biostratigraphy, Paleoecology, Microfacies and Depositional environment of the Asmari formation (Oligocene-Early Miocene) in Karanj oil field, SW Iran
Behzad Saeedi Razavi -
Open Access Article
166 - Sedimentological and provenance analysis of the Cretaceous Moro formation Rakhi Gorge, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan
Muhammad Khan Shahid Ghazi Mubashir Mehmood Abdollah Yazdi Abbas Ali Naseem Umair Serwar Arsalan Zaheer Hadayat Ullah -
Open Access Article
167 - Geochemistry and diagenetic evidence of middle-late Permian deposits, Northern Iran
Alireza Chegini Iraj Maghfouri Moghaddam Mohamahosein Adabi Masoud Lotfpour -
Open Access Article
168 - Paleontology and taphonomy of Kuphus polythalamius (Linnaeus 1767), Navab anticline, Central Iran
Keyvan Khaksar Iraj Maghfouri Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
169 - Biostratigraphy, microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Jahrum Formation in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province, West of Iran
Bahman Javadian Seyed Ahmad Babazadeh Ali Solgi Burzu Asghari Pirbaluti -
Open Access Article
170 - Facies analysis, sedimentation conditions and geochemistry of clastic deposits of Ashin formation (Late Ladinian-Early Carnian), Northeast of Nain, East of Central Iran
Payman Rezaee Mohammad Khanehbad Moasoumeh Ezatifar Seyedeh Akram Jooybari Kiamars Hosseini -
Open Access Article
171 - Biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis of Gadvan Formation (late Barremian-early Aptian) in Coastal Fars zone, (Zagros, SW Iran)
Alireza Abtahian Massih Afghah Vahid Ahamadi -
Open Access Article
172 - Carbonate Sequence stratigraphy of Turonian Wadi Es Sir Formation in Irbid, north Jordan
Amer Al-jibouri Muthana Al-tharb Basim Al-kubaisi -
Open Access Article
173 - The evaluation of Khyber limestone in Pakistan for using as road aggregate based on geotechnical properties
Naveed Rehman Syed Haroon Ali Zahid Ullah Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Arslan Abid Atif Saleem Amjad Ali Muhammad Yaseen -
Open Access Article
174 - Evaluation of slope disaster susceptibility based on GIS and three-level fuzzy evaluation method
Ming Yang -
Open Access Article
175 - First report of the SardinellaSardinites (Heckel, 1850) in the Kond formation in the Saran area, Central Alborz in Iran
Saeedeh Senemari Leila Fazli Alireza Chegini -
Open Access Article
176 - Sea-level change and deep sea sequence stratigraphy: A Middle Jurassic siliciclastic strata (Kashafrud Formation), NE Iran
Mehdi Reza PoursoltaniThe Upper Bajocian- Lower Bathonian succession in the Kopet-Dagh Basin of NE Iran represents fluvio-deltaic to turbidite deposits. The Kashafrud Formation provides an excellent opportunity to study the interplay between deep-water sedimentation and syndepositional tecto MoreThe Upper Bajocian- Lower Bathonian succession in the Kopet-Dagh Basin of NE Iran represents fluvio-deltaic to turbidite deposits. The Kashafrud Formation provides an excellent opportunity to study the interplay between deep-water sedimentation and syndepositional tectonic subsidence (or uplift) in the region. The effects of these processes caused sea-level changes, variation in depositional sequences, and formation of different types of sequence boundaries. The Kashafrud Formation is recognized as a super-sequence and is overlain and underlain by type 1 sequence boundaries. Based on sedimentological analysis, twelve lithofacies and three facies associations have been identified in the Kashafrud Formation. The succession is represented by parasequences formed as part of a second order super-sequence, and a fourth order regression. The thickness variations indicate a strong influence of basin-floor topography on the location of depositional successions. High rates of sea-level fall led to the development of a limited number of major incised channels; in contrast the major thick-bedded mudstone indicates high rates of sea-level rise for prolonged periods. The interpreted sea-level curve during deposition of the Kashafrud Formation can be correlated with the world sea-level curve for the Middle Jurassic, with differences mainly related to local structural events in the basin. Tectonism, compaction and rate of deposition were the main factors that controlled the vertical facies transitions in these parasequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Organic Geochemical Evaluation of Madbi Source Rock, Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen
Abdulwahab S. Alaug Khaled A. Al-WosabiOrganic geochemical evaluation of the Madbi Formation as the main source rock of the Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen was the main objective of this study. The organic geochemical methods used in the study include: rock-eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon, and optical m MoreOrganic geochemical evaluation of the Madbi Formation as the main source rock of the Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen was the main objective of this study. The organic geochemical methods used in the study include: rock-eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon, and optical measurements as the vitrinite reflectance and thermal alteration index. In this study, 67 well core and side-well core samples of the H-1 and K-1 exploratory wells of the Al-Jawf Basin were analyzed to calculate the several organic geochemical and optical parameters. The obtained results show the presence of strong source rock probabilities within the Madbi Formation in this basin. The results are classified into three categories: poor, fair, and good source rocks, with a mixed marine Kerogen type II/III and continental Kerogen type III. The maturation of source rocks was affected by heating and re-cycling of heat events during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. This interpretation is strongly related to the breakup of the southern Gondwanaland and the opening of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Based on the evaluation of the source rocks, the shale, calcareous shale, and claystones of the Madbi Formation are considered the main source rocks in this basin. According to the present study, the hydrocarbon potential ity is good to fair grade in the Al-Jawf Basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Microbiostratigraphy of the Qom Formation in south and west of Tafresh, Central Iran
I. Maghfouri Moghadam S. Borji E. Amini S. Azadbakht M. Taherpour Khalil AbadThe Qom Formation, a series of shales, sandstones and carbonate deposits, is the last transgression of the sea in Central Iran sedimentary basin. Foraminifera are one of the most important and numerous fossil groups present in the Qom Formation. In this study, the micro MoreThe Qom Formation, a series of shales, sandstones and carbonate deposits, is the last transgression of the sea in Central Iran sedimentary basin. Foraminifera are one of the most important and numerous fossil groups present in the Qom Formation. In this study, the micropaleontology of the Qom Formation in three measured stratigraphic sections in south and west of Tafresh (Rakin, Band-e-Ali Naghi Beig and Hezar Abad) are discussed. Except of the Rakin stratigraphic section, the lower and upper boundaries of the Qom Formation with Lower and Upper Red formations are conformable from the stratigraphy point of view. But, there is no outcrop in the upper boundary of the Rakin stratigraphic section. The study of 78 samples which were taken from the studied sections led to the identification of 34 genera and 39 species of benthonic foraminifera, 2 genera and 2 species of planktonic foraminifera, 4 genera of red algae and 3 genera of bryozoan. Based on the recognized foraminifera such as Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina), Miogypsioides sp., Meandropsina anahensis, Ammonia beccarii the age of the Qom Formation in the Rakin stratigraphic section is determined as Chatian-Aquitanian and in the Band-e-Ali Naghi Beig stratigraphic section as well as the Hezar Abad stratigraphic section is determined as Aquitanian. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Oligocene-Miocene Microfacies Study of Asmari Formation(NW - SE of Shiraz, Iran)
Mohammad Sadegh Dehghanian Borzu Asgari Pirbalouti Hamidreza MasoumiIn this research, totally 610.4 meters of the Asmari Formation are studied in two stratigraphic sections on Bavan Mountain an Sarvestan section in Fars province, Iran. The indexed microfacies are carefully determined through studying of 230 thin sections.This research s MoreIn this research, totally 610.4 meters of the Asmari Formation are studied in two stratigraphic sections on Bavan Mountain an Sarvestan section in Fars province, Iran. The indexed microfacies are carefully determined through studying of 230 thin sections.This research shows that the indexed microfacies are mudstone, wackestone, packstone, prainstone and the amount of microfacies elements such as bioclasts, pellets, extraclasts and intraclasts. They are varied in different parts of the studied sections and the total amount of bioclasts in the section is more than other elements. The abundance of benthic bioclasts represents the regression of the basin from the open sea into the sub tidal and intertidal zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Sedimentary structures and depositional environment of the Ashin Formation in Nakhlak area, Central Iran
S. H. VaziriMiddle to Upper Triassic (Upper Ladinian to Lower Carnian) deep-sea sedimentary rocks crop out across a large area west of Nakhlak village, Central Iran and have been named Ashin Formation. The up to 304m thick, turbiditic, siliciclastic Ashin Formation consists of alte MoreMiddle to Upper Triassic (Upper Ladinian to Lower Carnian) deep-sea sedimentary rocks crop out across a large area west of Nakhlak village, Central Iran and have been named Ashin Formation. The up to 304m thick, turbiditic, siliciclastic Ashin Formation consists of alternating turbiditic, thin- and medium-bedded calcareous sandstones, purple, fine-grained volcaniclastic sandstones, and mostly green and violet, very thin-bedded volcaniclastic shales that can be subdivided into three members. Ammonoids collected from members 1 and 3 of the Ashin Formation indicate a Late Ladinian to Early Carnian age for the formation. These alternations fine upwards and exhibit sedimentary structures such as graded bedding, parallel lamination (with parting lineation) convolute bedding, small-scale cross-bedding, load casts, groove casts, prod casts, flute casts, bounce casts, chevron casts, brush casts and chips and protraction traces indicating A to E parts of the Bouma cycle. Septarian nodules occur repeatedly. The lower surfaces of sandstones contain abundant trace fossils belong to the deep-sea Nereites ichnofacies. Numerous signs of strong current activity such as groove casts, flute casts and prod marks associated with trace fossils such as Paleodictyon, Protopaleodictyon, Megagrapton and Lorenzinia indicate that the Ashin Formation represents a deep marine environment. The field and petrographic studies show that the Ashin Formation was deposited in distal parts of submarine fans, on the abyssal plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Biostratigraphic Correlation of Elikah Formation in Zal Section (Northwestern Iran) with Ruteh and Type Sections in Alborz Mountains Based on Conodonts
Nazanin BadriKolalo Bahaeddin Hamidi Seyed Hamid Vaziri Seyed Ali AghanabatiConodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in mos MoreConodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in most of the Alborz sections as well as the Zal section in northwestern Iran. In this study, the Elikah Formation was investigated from a biostratigraphy point of view in the type section and Ruteh section of the Alborz Mountains and Zal section in the Jolfa region based on the existing conodonts. Biostratigraphy study of more than 300 samples taken from these three sections, resulted in the identification and introduction of the following conodont biozones: Taxone Range Zone Hindeodus parvus and Pachycladina symmetrica – Pachycladina Oblique Assemblage Zone in the type section, Hindeodus parvus Taxon Range Zone, Hadrodontina –Pachycladina Assemblage Zone and Parachirognathus – Furnishius Assemblage Zone in the Ruteh section and finally Hindeodus parvus Taxon Range Zone, Isracicella staeschei Taxon Range Zone and Arachirognathus – Furnishius Assemblage Zone in the Zal section. These biozones indicate that the Elikah Formation, in the three previously defined sections, is Early Triassic (Griesbachian). Additionally, comparison of the biozones in these sections illustrates a biostratigraphic correlation of Early Triassic deposits in the Zal, Ruteh and type sections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Relations between Deep and Shallow Stratigraphic Units of Northern Iraq during Cretaceous
Kamal H Karim Rabea K Al-Hamadani Sirwan H. AhmadThe studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governor MoreThe studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governorates, the study tries to clarify the relations between deep and shallow stratigraphic units (formation or facies) during Cretaceous. The result of the present study is mainly depended on the field lateral tracing of the lithologic changes and paleontological evidences for indicating the new age termination of the units. The result showed as a generalized and simple model of temporal and special relations between Cretaceous deep and shallow water formations. The Balambo (Kazhdumi in Iran), Kometan (Ilam), Shiranish-Tanjero (Gurpi) Formations (as deep facies) are indicated as lateral equivalent of shallow facies of Qamchuqa (Sarvak and Dariyian), Bekhme (has not equivalent in Iran yet) and Aqra Formation (Seymare or Tarbur) respectively. On the model, the transition zone is indicated where the deep facies, from the east, change to shallow ones at the west. The shallow facies consist of coarse grain limestone with fossils skeletons, bioclasts and intraclasts. The deep facieses are fine grain pelagic limestone with microfossils (panktonic forams and nanofossils) whiles the transitional facies (zones) generally consist mixture of the two as interfigering relation between the deep and shallow facies. As the changes of the lithology of transitional zones are relatively sudden, therefore, they are not designated as formation and not defined previously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Ichnotaxonomic analysis and depositional controls on the carbonate ramp ichnological characteristics of the Deh-Sufiyan Formation (Middle Cambrian), Central Alborz, Iran
Aram Bayet-Goll Reza Moussavi-Harami Asadollah MahboubiThe trace fossil assemblages from the Unit 2 of Deh-Sufiyan Formation are described for the first time from The Central Alborz Range of northern Iran, improving the record of the assemblages in the Cambrian of the Middle East. Twenty-one ichnogenera have been iden MoreThe trace fossil assemblages from the Unit 2 of Deh-Sufiyan Formation are described for the first time from The Central Alborz Range of northern Iran, improving the record of the assemblages in the Cambrian of the Middle East. Twenty-one ichnogenera have been identified in the Deh-Sufiyan Formation, namely Arenicolites, Bergaueria, Chondrites, Circulichnus, Cruziana, Diplichnites, Didymaulichnus, Diplocraterion, Halopoa, Helminthopsis, Gordia, Gyrophyllites, Lockeia, Monomorphichnus, Palaeophycus, Phycosiphon, Planolites, Rosselia, Rusophycus, Skolithos, and Treptichnus. Characteristics of the facies, lateral and vertical relations between these facies, associational types of the facies and the depositional profile of the shelf transect examined show deposition on a wave-dominated carbonate ramp. Integration of ichnologic data with sedimentologic information supports a firm interpretation of the depositional systems and their evolution. Ethological grouping of the trace fossils resulted from the physico-chemical depositional constraints which defines the proximal-distal ichnofacies gradient pattern of the wave-dominated successions of the Deh-Sufiyan ramp. Considering the obvious deepening of the shallow marine depositional systems of wave-dominated parts of the carbonate ramp, the succession of archetypal ichnofacies can display a bathymetric trend from deeper to shallower parts, and from lower-to-higher hydrodynamic conditions, from the bottom to the top of the Unit 2 of the Deh-Sufiyan Formation. The identification and interpretation of the archetypal ichnofacies are employed to further refine the sedimentary interpretations of parameters such as wave energy, substrate properties, nature of available food supply, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, and variability in sedimentation rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluation of the Paleocene-Eocene deposits, Jahrum Formation, base on 2-D seismic data, Central Persian Gulf
Naser Abdi Hossain Rahimpour-Bonab Sayyed Reza Moussavi-Harami Iraj Abdollahi Fard Davood Jahani Ali ChehraziThe Persian Gulf is part of an asymmetric foreland basin related to the Zagros Orogen. It has been episodically flooded for much of its history which are reflected in sedimentary successions. The evaluation of this succession from depositional trend view, in central Per MoreThe Persian Gulf is part of an asymmetric foreland basin related to the Zagros Orogen. It has been episodically flooded for much of its history which are reflected in sedimentary successions. The evaluation of this succession from depositional trend view, in central Persian Gulf during Paleocene-Eocene, is the aim of this article. The sedimentary rocks physical characteristics effects on seismic data, gives an appearance to the data, which can be a key factor for their evaluation. The reflectors geometry and terminations have been used for their interpretation. The current study the uses seismic data beside drilling wells data, including cutting description and logs. The study result shows progradation toward northeast, the direction in which the accommodation space is increasing. The sedimentary environments changes to lagoon, platform and basin which affect the deposits. These environments demonstrate suitable condition for carbonates and evaporites precipitation, in Jahrum Formation, which are approved by cutting ription. The sediments extension and its trend show high thickness of Paleocene-Eocene deposits in north west of the study area, where the basin is deeper. In some intervals the thickness of sediments is decreased in deep basin, due to sediment starvation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Depositional History and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Tirgan Formation (Barremian – Aptian) in the Zavin section, NE Iran
M. Javanbakht R. Moussavi Harami A. MahboubiThe Tirgan Formation (Barremian – Aptian) is exposed in the Kopet Dagh in northeast Iran. One stratigraphic section in Zavin was measured with a thickness of 110 meters. This Formation in section consists of three parts (including lower carbonate, limy shale &ndas MoreThe Tirgan Formation (Barremian – Aptian) is exposed in the Kopet Dagh in northeast Iran. One stratigraphic section in Zavin was measured with a thickness of 110 meters. This Formation in section consists of three parts (including lower carbonate, limy shale – marl and upper carbonate rocks). Based on the study of 94 thin sections, 10 carbonate and 2 siliciclastic lithofacies have been identified. Carbonate lithofacies were deposited in a ramp platform in fore-shoal, shoal, lagoon and tidal flat environments. Sea level changes during the early Cretaceous time led to the formation of different large scale depositional sequences Zavin (two). The present data can help in the reconstruction of the tectonic history of the area during early Cretaceous time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Microbiostratigraphy of the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation, Kuh Siah Anticline (Izeh Basin), SW Iran
Iraj Maghfouri Moghaddam Zahra KhanjaiThis research focusses on the biostratigraphy and paleoecological implications of the carbonatesof the Asmari Formation. The Asmari Formation is located in the Siah Kuhanticline of Izeh, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. It is of Late Oligocene (Chattian) - Early Miocene (Burdigal MoreThis research focusses on the biostratigraphy and paleoecological implications of the carbonatesof the Asmari Formation. The Asmari Formation is located in the Siah Kuhanticline of Izeh, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. It is of Late Oligocene (Chattian) - Early Miocene (Burdigalian) age. In this stratigraphic section, the Asmari Formation overlies the Pabdeh Formation and underlies the Gachsaran Formation. It consists of cream-colored limestone intercalated with marl. 182 thin sections were prepared and the benthic foraminifera distribution analyzed. Examination of large benthic foraminifera from the 228 m-thick Asmari Formation led to the identification of 3 biozones: the Lepidocyclina- Operculina- Ditrupa Assemblage Zone, Miogypsina-Elphidium sp. Assemblage Zone and the Borelis melocurdica- Meandropsina iranica Assemblage Zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Source Rock evaluation, Modelling, Maturation, and Reservoir characterization of the Block 18 oilfields, Sab’atayn Basin, Yemen
A.S. Alaug D. Leythaeuser B. Bruns A.F. AhmedA total of 183 core and cutting samples from seven exploratory wells were selected to be analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. These cores have been drilled through the Lam and Meem Members of the Madbi Formation and contain the major source rocks of Yemen´s sedimentar MoreA total of 183 core and cutting samples from seven exploratory wells were selected to be analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. These cores have been drilled through the Lam and Meem Members of the Madbi Formation and contain the major source rocks of Yemen´s sedimentary basins. Contents of total organic carbon were measured and Rock-Eval pyrolysis was performed to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of Block 18 oilfields in central Yemen. Most of the studied samples have fair to excellent petroleum generation potential as shown by the results of PP, PI, HI and TOC. They have also sufficient TOC values with an average value of 1.48 wt% and a maximum value of 12.34 wt% with a good petroleum potential averaging 4.54 kg HC/ton of rock and a maximum value of 44.78kg HC/ton of rock. HI values of the Madbi Formation in its full thickness range from 16 mg to 1114 mg HC/g TOC with an average value of 273 mg HC/g TOC. Kerogen types II and III, and a small amount of type I can be observed. These kerogens are thermally mature and mostly within the hydrocarbon generation zone. In a numerical simulation approach the thermal and burial history of the Alif-1 well, which is representative for this area was modelled. Using vitrinite reflectance data, as means of calibration, the modelling results were subjected to a sensitivity analysis concerning paleo-heat flow, radiogenic heat production, basement thickness and eroded overburden or maximum burial, respectively. The calculated temperature during deepest burial of the source rock layers of the Madbi Formation reached 158 °C for the Lam Member and 182 °C for the Meem Member. Compliance with the measured R0 values, used as calibration parameter, could be achieved by assuming an erosion of 1100 m of the Upper Tawilah Group. The heat flow is maximized at the onset of basin rifting in Late Jurassic to 90 mW/m2 having a base level of 60 mW/m2. Thus, the Lam Member has reached the main oil to wet gas window at its deepest burial whereas the Meem Member has undergone the wet gas window in its full thickness. The isopach map of the Alif Member, as the main reservoir in the studied area, indicates thickening of the sandstone unit towards the eastern and western parts of Block 18 around the Dostour Al-Wahdah gasfield in the east and at the Alif oilfields in the west. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Upper Cretaceous Petroleum System of Northwestern Persian Gulf
Ali Amirkhani Marziyeh Mirzakhanian Susan Sepahvand Sadoni SadoniThree well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is str MoreThree well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is strongly influenced by two major N-S trending paleohighs (Hendijan- Bahregansar-Regesafid-Izeh and Kharge- Mish) and surrounding plaeotroughs that play the most important role in the reservoir and source rock development. The most important reservoirs are the Cenomanian- Turonian Sarvak and Santonian Ilam formations which locally separated by a thin shaly unit of the Coniacion Laffan Formation. The reservoir facies are dominated by benthic and rudist debris on the paleohighs which laterally grading down to the basinal Cenomanian Ahmadi and Santonian Gurpi pelagic marls. In order to study the petroleum system of the northwest Persian Gulf, several 2D seismic lines and six wells were interpreted. Based on the interpreted seismic profiles the best locations for the reservoir facies could be within the pinch-out geometries around the plaeohighs which occasionally sealed by the baisn-type Campanian- Maastrichtian Gurpi marls at the top, Laffan shale at the middle and Albian Kazhdumi shale at the base as stratigraphic traps. A large hiatus exists between the top of the Cenomanian Sarvak Formation and Eocene Pabdeh Formation in the Tangue and Rage- Safid paleohighs, where these facies change could form stratigraphic traps. Toward the Nowrooz, Bahregansar Hendijan, structures, this hiatus is much shorter where Campanian- Maastrichtian Gurpi Formation directly has coverd the Sarvak Formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Paragenesis and geochornological studies of Asnawa Iron Ore by the isotope and mineral chemistry in Penjween Area, Zagros Suture Zone Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Kamal H. Karim Nabaz R.H. Aziz Al-Bidary Mayssa A.A.A The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present st More The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present study is the re-study of the geology and geochemistry of the Asnawan Iron ore deposit and concluded that the country rocks are consist of hornfels in which the original lamination or banding of the parent rocks (calc-silicate low grade metamorphic rocks) are preserved and inherited from its laminated sedimentary precursors. Moreover, the facies that is associated with host rocks is hornblende-hornfels facies with temperature range of 550-650 oC. This range is confirmed through thermo barometry. There are evidences of localized pyroxene-hornfels and sanidine hornfels facies too. Additionally, the detail of the different stages of the iron ore paragenesis is shown by discussion with the aid of suitable graphical drawing and geochemical variation diagrams. By these methods, the sedimentary stratigraphic unit of the parent rock (protolith) was found for the first time which consists of Qulqula Radiolarian Formation (Kermanshah Radiolarites in Iran). The bedded chert, limestone and calcareous shale is the main lithology of the latter formation and after burial and deformation, it is regionally metamorphosed to banded and lamiated calc-silicate rocks of green facies rocks. At a later stage, these rocks, remetamorphosed (polymetamorphism pattern) again to hornfels with concurrent changing to iron ore by basic iron rich hydrothermal solutions during Eocene (37-40Ma). This age is calculated using Ar39/Ar40 method of dating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Designing the Evaluation Model of Proportionalization Policies Administrative System Formations in Iranian National Oil Company
Iraj Akbarifar Foad Makvandi Mohammad Hemati Ghanbar Amirnejad -
Open Access Article
191 - A Heuristic Algorithm for Solving Single Machine Scheduling Problem with Periodic Maintenance
Amir Ebrahimi Zade Mohammad Bagher Fakhrzad Mohsen Hasaninezhad -
Open Access Article
192 - Identifying the Dimensions and Components of the Health-oriented Urban Form with An Emphasis on the Epidemic Disease: A systematic scoping review
Helia Sareminia Fatemeh Mohammadniay Gharaei sanaz saeidi mofrad Sulmaz Ghahramani -
Open Access Article
193 - Identifying the physical form of Mashhad based on the analysis of economic trends During 1986-2021
farid bashian Hadi Sarvari Toktam Hanaee Ali Akbar Sarvari -
Open Access Article
194 - The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
195 - Cultural – Communicative Phenomenology of Iranian Tekyeh from a Physical – Special Value perspective
Elahe Zoghi Hoseini Mohsen Tabasi Mahsa Hashemi -
Open Access Article
196 - The Role of Women In Urban Spaces Formation
Mohammadmehdi Moulaii Arezoo LotfiThe purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. T MoreThe purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. The research design was an applied type. The data collection tools were library data and research databases related to women in architecture and urban planning. The collected theoretical bases were analyzed using descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that in the past, the status and activity of women in urban areas were more and more defined, and women were taking care of their daily activities in comfort and safety. Unlike in the past, in today's societies, the lack of attention to the context of public space and the allocation of appropriate social space for women has led to a lack of security. In the dominated modern world of society, women's needs have been removed from urban planning and architecture, and the environment has become a completely masculine environment. The components of mental, physical, security, and physiological differences between men and women are major and very influential factors in the quality of urban spaces suitable for women. The relevance of these components to the urban design criteria could be a great help in building a more cohesive city with women and stimulating their greater presence in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - برآورد میزان نشت آب در کانالهای آبیاری دشت کازرون با فرمولهای تجربی و مقایسه آنها با روش استغراقی
محسن مؤمن زاده محمد علی شاهرخ نیادر دوران گذشته، آب بهعنوان یکی از عوامل مهم در به وجود آمدن گروههای اجتماعی و توسعه جوامع بشری بوده است. امروزه نیز استفاده از آب بهعنوان ابزاری سازنده در فراهم آوردن تعادل اقتصادی و سیاسی مورد تأکید است. با توجه به محدود بودن منابع آب و اراضی قابل بهرهبرداری در جهان، ب Moreدر دوران گذشته، آب بهعنوان یکی از عوامل مهم در به وجود آمدن گروههای اجتماعی و توسعه جوامع بشری بوده است. امروزه نیز استفاده از آب بهعنوان ابزاری سازنده در فراهم آوردن تعادل اقتصادی و سیاسی مورد تأکید است. با توجه به محدود بودن منابع آب و اراضی قابل بهرهبرداری در جهان، برای برآورده کردن احتیاجات آینده بشر و جلوگیری از عواقب حاصل از کمبود آب، یکی از بهترین روشها، بهرهبرداری بهینه از منابع آبوخاک است که با افزایش روزافزون جمعیت دنیا و محدود بودن منابع آب و غذا سبب شده است که بسیاری از صاحبنظران، دنبال راهکاری برای استفاده بهینه از همین آب محدود گرداند یکی از این راهکارهای موجود، ارزیابی اثر پوشش در کانالهای آبیاری برای کاهش نشت است نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تفاوت میزان نشت آب به روش استغراقی و فرمولهای تجربی مورس ورث ینی دومیا، اینگهام، داویس و ویلسون در کانال خاکی عرب در سطح پنج درصد معنیدارنیست. همچنین روشهای تجربی موریتس و پنجاب هند به ترتیب در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنیدار و در کانالهای شاه منظر و خواجه باقری بررسیهای آماری نشان داد که این تفاوت با فرمولهای تجربی مورس ورث ینی دومیا، داویس و ویلسون، موریتس و اینگهام درسطح احتمال پنج درصد و با روش تجربی پنجاب هند در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار است. همچنین نتایج مقایسه این روش با فرمولهای تجربی نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار نشت متعلق به فرمول داویس و ویلسون در کانال خواجه باقری و کمترین مقدار نشت متعلق به فرمول پنجاب هند در کانال عرب می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - بررسی عددی جریان در سرریزهای منقاری با پلان مثلثی و منحنی شکل با استفاده از نرمافزار Fluent
سمیه امامی هادی ارونقی جواد پارساسرریزهای منقاری، سرریزهایی می باشند که از یک لبه مستقیم و صاف برخوردار نبوده و در پلان بالا، از حالت خطی شکسته برخوردار می باشند. از مزایای این نوع سرریزها می توان به بالا بودن ظرفیت سرریز، هوادهی آسان جریان و پایین بودن نوسانات سطح آب در آستانه ی عبوری جریان از روی سرر Moreسرریزهای منقاری، سرریزهایی می باشند که از یک لبه مستقیم و صاف برخوردار نبوده و در پلان بالا، از حالت خطی شکسته برخوردار می باشند. از مزایای این نوع سرریزها می توان به بالا بودن ظرفیت سرریز، هوادهی آسان جریان و پایین بودن نوسانات سطح آب در آستانه ی عبوری جریان از روی سرریز اشاره کرد. این تحقیق به بررسی عددی جریان و دبی عبوری جریان بر روی سرریز منقاری با پلان مثلثی با استفاده از نرم افزار فلوئنت و مدل آشفتگی k-ɛ روش RNG پرداخته شد. سطح آزاد جریان نیز با استفاده از روش جزء حجم سیال (VOF) تعیین گردید. نتایج مدل عددی با نتایج حاصل از مطالعه ی کومار و همکاران در سال 2012 که سرریزهای منقاری با پلان منحنی شکل را به صورت آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار داده اند، بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که سرریزهای منقاری با پلان منحنی مطالعه شده توسط کومار و همکاران در مقایسه با پلان مثلثی از ظرفیت دبی عبوری بیش تری نسبت به سرریزهای منقاری با پلان مثلثی برخوردار می باشند و دبی عبوری از روی سرریز های منقاری با پلان منحنی در مقایسه با پلان مثلثی افزایش 25 درصدی داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Investigation of engineering form of linguistic and literary structure of repetition in Kalim Kashani's lyric poems
Fazlollah Rezaei Ardani Gholamreza Hatafi ArdakaniRepetition is way to create and increase the amount of music and increase the norm in words and is important in music and rhetoric. In this literary research, this linguistic and literary art has been studied in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani, the famous poet of the 1 MoreRepetition is way to create and increase the amount of music and increase the norm in words and is important in music and rhetoric. In this literary research, this linguistic and literary art has been studied in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani, the famous poet of the 11th century. The use of repetition has filled this poet with inner music, and this structure serves to convey meaning and feeling to the audience. Repetition is one of the factors in creating music.signs of this linguistic phenomenon can be seen in nature, such as day and night, spring and summer, and ... Repetition is the important features of the poet's words in the axis of accompaniment, or the longitudinal extension of his poems. This article examines its form. This feature creates visual and auditory, order, communication, and convinces the audience's mind and takes them to literary pleasure. This research has been done with the aim of examining the application of the tools for creating the music of speech, namely repetition and also localization of formalist critique, in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani. The research method in this article is based on the study, analysis and objective description of the research findings, taking into account the principles of formalist critique. By this research, it was found that Kalim used the literary ornament of proportion, the melody of letters and other linguistic and literary works of art by using repetition to explore the mind of the audience and induce the content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Examining the Indicators of Lyrical Literature in the Ritual Poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar
Shabnam Karimshahi Malayeri reza sadeghi shahpar Hojatolah GhmoniriPredominance of the poet’s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain MorePredominance of the poet’s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain the reflection of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poems of Persian Constitutional era - a case study of the ritual poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar. Bahar, one of the most prominent poets of the Constitutional period and the poet laureate of Astan Quds Razavi, had a long career in composing religious poems, especially in lamentation of the Prophet and the infallible Imams. He portrayed the true face of the Holy figures with an imagination full of emotion and feeling, and described them in the mirror of poetry via a lyrical language. The current research is conducted with a descriptive analytical approach using library research method, and seeks to examine the quantity and quality of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poetry of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar in order to show their frequency and prominence. The result of the research shows that the content indicators such as description, pessimistic view of the times, reference to religious holidays and the birth of the Holy figures, etc. in Bahar's poetry originate from the poet's emotion (sorrow and happiness), and have been shown in the rhetorical structure (formal indicators) through simile and metaphor, as well as in the lyrical language of the poems through alliteration and lyrical music. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Rethinking Linguistic Relativity with a Cognative Approach Based on Persian Data
Ibrahim Badakhshan Hasan AzmoudeIn this article, we investigate the relation between language and culture, linguistically and psycholinguistically, excellently dealt with in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. After portraying the subject, we attempt to eluci MoreIn this article, we investigate the relation between language and culture, linguistically and psycholinguistically, excellently dealt with in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. After portraying the subject, we attempt to elucidate it with the analysis of pros and cons of the views on this area. It will then be claimed that the system of linguistic forms has a strong effect on the world-view of speakers and also acquiring and perceiving of many concepts, relying on rational and empirical evidences extracted from known languages such as English, Persian, Arabic and also distant languages such as Hopi, Maya, etc. Based on cognitive approach, we will also try to prove that single concepts and compound concepts, contrary to the assumption, function divergently in thinking process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Some Solutions For the Challenges Facing Persian Language calligraphy
Malek-e Sho,aePassing time entails change and transformation, therefore, every Phenomenon, to be alive, should be associated with time. With regard to this, Persian language is not an exception, that is, it should be directed in a way that n MorePassing time entails change and transformation, therefore, every Phenomenon, to be alive, should be associated with time. With regard to this, Persian language is not an exception, that is, it should be directed in a way that not only releases it from stiffeners but also leads it to eternity. These changes are acceptable if they originate from within the language itself. In this article two rules have been suggested in order to reach this end: A) Writing rules, that is, to continue the ancient rule of writing in eliminating the characters of “ ث و ح و ص و ض و ط و ظ و ع و ق” With the observation of this ancient rule we can gradually change these characters in to other ones, as it has been done with “ط” which has changed into “ت”. In continuation, it is possible to leave out some signs as in “Tashdid & Tanwin, Writing the words as they are spoken and leaving spaces between the words and characters. This section includes eight suggestion solutions. B) Conceptual rules, There are some different opinions as to writing words either separated or connected. With approving some general rules, it is possible to solve some of the problems of Persian writing instruction. In this article, I have tried to present to suggest some rules to facilitate learning Persian writing for both Persian and non- Persian speaking learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Study of paleoecology and paleoceanographic condition of Khangiran Formation based on the lack of Morozovella (Index genera of Eocene planktonic foraminifera)
M.A Salahi Mohammad VahihiniaKopet-Dagh basin is located in north and northeast of Iran. Khangiran Formation is one of the most importantformations of Paleogene deposits. For study of Khangiran Formation, Chehelkaman Syncline section wasselected. This section located in southwest of Sarakhs city, e MoreKopet-Dagh basin is located in north and northeast of Iran. Khangiran Formation is one of the most importantformations of Paleogene deposits. For study of Khangiran Formation, Chehelkaman Syncline section wasselected. This section located in southwest of Sarakhs city, east of Kopet-Dagh basin. Thickness of this section is136 meters and lithology of this section composed alternation of olive green Marl and limy yellow Marl. In thisresearch foraminifera fauna of Khangiran Formation was studied. The age of this section is Early-MiddleEocene, and planktonic foraminifera fauna of this section shows anomaly. Based on this anomaly, lack ofMorozovellids, that are index fossils of Eocene, was observed. Eutrophic condition of this Formation as for theplanktonic and benthonic foraminifera study is the reason of this subject that it's the result of changes in thepaleoceanographic conditions such as situation of stratification of water column and nutrient changes. As far theMorozovellids can't accordance with eutrophic condition, lack of the species mans of this genus observed forKhangiran Formation. Khangiran Formation condition is comparable with Caucasus basin and this subject can beindicating of same condition of this two basin at least during the Eocene time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - petrography and environment sedimentary of lower part of lalun formation in type section , NE of tehran
میرحسن موسوی نادر کهنسال امیدرضا باقرزادهThe lower part of Lalun Formation in type section is mainly sandstone. Base on laboratory studyand observition field, lower part of Lalun Formation is incluse sub-arkose, sub-sedarenite,feldespatic sedarenite and sedarenite facies group. Main grains of these facies are MoreThe lower part of Lalun Formation in type section is mainly sandstone. Base on laboratory studyand observition field, lower part of Lalun Formation is incluse sub-arkose, sub-sedarenite,feldespatic sedarenite and sedarenite facies group. Main grains of these facies are quartez, rockfragments and feldespare. Sedimentary environment of lower part of Lalun Formation is MeanderyRiver. Deposites have been fining upward facies. Cross bedding, lamination and evaporite cast haveseen on this sequence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy Studies of Eocene sediments of Halegan well of folded Zagros
فرشته GHaseminia بهاءالدین HamdiIn order to study and inspect of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of Eocene sediments of Haleganwell in folded zagros 100 thin microscopic sections of this well’s samples was studied. Mentionedstudies caused to recognize 12 genus and 25 species of Planktonic MoreIn order to study and inspect of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of Eocene sediments of Haleganwell in folded zagros 100 thin microscopic sections of this well’s samples was studied. Mentionedstudies caused to recognize 12 genus and 25 species of Planktonic foraminifera. According to spreadstratigraphy planktonic foraminifera 3 Biozone (P6, P13, P16/P17) that separated and introduced forEocene sediments in this well by D.Verga & R.Rettori (2003). Subsurface of section stratigraphy iscompared with wynd Biozons (wynd,1965). According to recognized and separated biozons, Wyndbiozonation is included 45, 47, 50. In this essay Pabdeh formation in Halegan well was introduced andcompared both D,Verga & R.Rettori (2003) and Wynd (1965) Biozone. Results of comparison revealsthat the best zonation for Pabdeh formation in Halegan well is D.Verga & R.Rettori (2003) Biozone.Pabdeh formathion is included a sequence of shale, marl, argillaceous limestone layers and their colorsare usually gray, withe-brown in Halegan well. Pabdeh formation had been formed high depth of sea.It is an evidence for depth of zone in this area in Eocene period. According to this studies it seemsHalegan well had been full of water in Eocene period the most onlap of sea had been in this period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Facies analysis, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphy of Sachun formation in Zarghan section (folded Zagros zone)
Soolmaz Arzaghi Khosro Khosro tehrani Massih AfghahThe Sachun Formation is one of the lithostratigraphy units in south-west of Iran. This Formation inZarqan section with thickness of 259.6 meters consists of various layers of colored shale/ marl, evaporateand carbonate sediments. It sandewiched between Tarbur and Jahrom MoreThe Sachun Formation is one of the lithostratigraphy units in south-west of Iran. This Formation inZarqan section with thickness of 259.6 meters consists of various layers of colored shale/ marl, evaporateand carbonate sediments. It sandewiched between Tarbur and Jahrom Formations. Its lower contact withthe underlying Tarbur Formation is unconformable, but its upper contact with overlying JahromFormation is conformable.Recognized facies of this formation sediments in Zarqan Section ( foldedZagros zone) comprise carbonate, evaporate and terigenou which divided in two facies belt of tidal flatand lagoon. Totally 11 facies and sub-facies have been recognized; 5 tidal falt, 4 lagoon and 2 terrigenousfacies. Abundance of shallow facies against lack of deep facies indicates that the Sachun Formation havedeposited in a ramp platform. Due to Sequence stratigraphy study of this formation in Zarqan section, onesedimentary sequence has been determined with a type one sequence boundry in its lower contact withTarbur Formation. Manuscript profile -
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207 - Facies analysis and depositional history of Mozduran formation in Saleh-Abad section, Kopet-dagh basin, NE Iran
Hamidreza Azami Mehdi Reza Poor Soltani Mohsen AllamehThis is 165 m thick Mozduran formation, as a carbonate and siliciclastic strata, in Saleh-Abad section, consistsof carbonate, sandy lime and siliciclastic rocks. Mozduran Formation relates to (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) age,locates conformably on Kashafrud and beneath Shou MoreThis is 165 m thick Mozduran formation, as a carbonate and siliciclastic strata, in Saleh-Abad section, consistsof carbonate, sandy lime and siliciclastic rocks. Mozduran Formation relates to (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) age,locates conformably on Kashafrud and beneath Shourijeh Formation. The purposes of this study are: 1.The studyof vertical and lateral changes in litho strata units, 2. identification, detachment and naming microscopic faciesbased on thin section, 3.The explain ton of digenetic events based on petrography events, 4.The explanationsedimentation history with using lithofacies properties and presentation the sedimentation model. Based onpetrographic studies of 50 thin sections and two facies collection have been recognized. The Limestone faciescollection consists of bioclastic grainstone pessessy Milliolidae (facies A, a lagoonal environment), sandy ooidgrainstone, Bioclactic ooid grainstone, ooid grainstone with bioclast (facies B, a barrier environment), andTerrigeneous facies collection which is mainly composed of chert arenite and sublitarenite (facies C, a tidal flatenvironment). According to lithofacies, Mozduran Formation depositional environment could be interpreted as acarbonate plat form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Microbiostratigraphy of Asmari formation at Derak section (Shiraz)
KHosro KHosro-Tehrani فریده Keshani مسیح Afgheh معصومه AhmadiThis study concentrates on biostratigraphy Asmari Formation on Derak section that is located at Shiraz city with333.5 meter thickness. Asmari Formation in this section comprises of limestone with marlyinterbedded.AsmariFormation trasitionally overlies the Jahrum Formati MoreThis study concentrates on biostratigraphy Asmari Formation on Derak section that is located at Shiraz city with333.5 meter thickness. Asmari Formation in this section comprises of limestone with marlyinterbedded.AsmariFormation trasitionally overlies the Jahrum Formation and underlies the Razak Formation. 3 lithologic unitsidentified within the Asmari Formation in this section. In the Micropaleontological study, Asmari Formation atDerak section led to identify 31 genera and 38 species benthic foraminifera.Therfore, in this study the base of biostratigraphy is on benthic foraminifera. In biostratigraphy study, Wynd sreport (1965) and Adams and Bourgeois (1967) report are such as pattern. The first appearance ofArchaiasasmaricus and Meandropsinaanahensisand Peneroplisthomasi show the boundary between Oligocene(chattian)-Miocene (Aquetanian). Biozone no. 1 is comparable to biozone no. 2 Adams and Bourgeois(1967) andbiozone no. 59 Wynd(1965) and middelASmari in Thomas (1949) report.Biozone no. 2 identified withappearance of Nummulitesfichteli,N.intermediusalso in this zone there is Archaiasoperculiniformis. Biozone no.2 is synonymous with biozone no. 3 Adams and Bourgeois (1967) and biozone no. 57, 58 Wynd (1965). Finally,the biozone no. 2 show Oligocene and synonymeous with lower Asmari of Thomas (1949). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Micro facies and sedimentary environment of the Qom formation in Verjun-Khur Abad area
Keyvan khaksar Masoomeh Sohrabi-mollayousefy Saeed rahmanianQom Formation in the section of Verjun-KHurabad area constitutes 852 meters of limestones in thin layers tothick layers, marl, gypsiferous marl, sandstones, and lime sandstones. Its lower contact (section a) is abrupt andmild unconformity with lower red formation. Its u MoreQom Formation in the section of Verjun-KHurabad area constitutes 852 meters of limestones in thin layers tothick layers, marl, gypsiferous marl, sandstones, and lime sandstones. Its lower contact (section a) is abrupt andmild unconformity with lower red formation. Its upper contact (section f) is gradual and concordant with upperred formation. Besides sampling, lithology changes, stratigraphy, geomorphology of stone units was examined.The results led to drawn the stratigraphy log of Qom Formation in the studied area. Petrography and microfaciesstudies together with field evidences led to recognition of eight carbonated microfacies in different parts of QomFormation. This microfacies lied on the tidal, barrier, lagoon and open marine environments. The study of faciesand their succession in the mentioned area and compare with modern and old sedimentary environment showsthat Qom Formation was deposited in a warm marine environment. Also, the facies of Qom Formation in thestudied area was deposited in a carbonated ramp environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Biostratigraphy and Microfacies o f th e Sarvak Formation in well X-01 Bahregansar oil field, Persian Gulf
Kiana Kiarostami Seyed Hamid Vaziri Masoomeh Sohrabi Molayosefi Bijan NooriBahregansar oil field, oil fields, located on the southern slopes of the Dezful Embayment and the North West islocated in the Persian Gulf. Biostratigraphic studies in the field of 56 thin sections of limestones Sarvak has beenstudied.Formation of the 11 species of 17 g MoreBahregansar oil field, oil fields, located on the southern slopes of the Dezful Embayment and the North West islocated in the Persian Gulf. Biostratigraphic studies in the field of 56 thin sections of limestones Sarvak has beenstudied.Formation of the 11 species of 17 genera were identified based on their fossil, three zones can be biozonszones of the things introduced by Wynd (1965) fits presented.I-Nezzazata - Alveolinids Assemblage Zone # 25 II-Rudist debris # 24 III-"Oligostegina"facies # 26These biozones indicated a Cenomanian age for the Sarvak Formation in the studied section which is composedof pelagic and neretic facies. In the studied section, the Sarvak Formation has a transitional contact with theKazhdumi Formation and i covered by the Ilam Formation di conformable. Microfiche ’ tudy indicatedthat the Sarvak Formation was deposited in open marine, barrier and lagoonal environments. These studiessuggested a carbonate platform of ramp for the formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Microfacies and sedimentary environment of carbonate member of Qaleh Dokhtar formation at Kuh-e-Birg section (south of Sarayan, southern Khorasan)
Ayesheh Salmani Gholamreza mirab-Shabestari Mohammad-Hosein Adabi S-Ali AghanabatiThe purpose of this research is identification of various microfacies and determination of sedimentaryenvironment of carbonate part of Qaleh Dokhtar Formation (Middle to Upper Jurassic) based on the fieldobservations and laboratory studies. The studied area is located a MoreThe purpose of this research is identification of various microfacies and determination of sedimentaryenvironment of carbonate part of Qaleh Dokhtar Formation (Middle to Upper Jurassic) based on the fieldobservations and laboratory studies. The studied area is located at the Birg Mountain, south of Saryan city,Southern Khorasan province.The thickness of the studied sequence is 188m which mostly consists of spong spicule-bearing bioclasticwackestone, intraclastic/oolitic wackestone, peloidal packstone, intraclastic packstone, intraclastic/bioclasticwackestone and algal wackestone. According to the petrographic studies, skeletal fragments of Ghaleh DokhtarFormation consist shell fragment, brachiopod, spong spicule, .algae, corals, and foraminifera and also peloids,intraclasts and oncoids as non skeletal particles. Totally, seven microfacies belts were recognized which could bereferred to open marine, barrier and lagoon belts of a rimmed-shelf carbonate platform. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Palynofacies and Paleoenvironment of the Gurpi Formation at Kharameh Section
نرگس KHoshkhabar ابراهیم GHasemi nejad معصومه Sohrabi-MolayosefiGurpi formation of kharame section is located in 84 km east of Shiraz, classified to 5 zone by using offoraminifers. Because palinomorphs aren't preserve completely. Presence of Globotruncana elevate in thebase of section was showed early Campanian for Gurpi formation. MoreGurpi formation of kharame section is located in 84 km east of Shiraz, classified to 5 zone by using offoraminifers. Because palinomorphs aren't preserve completely. Presence of Globotruncana elevate in thebase of section was showed early Campanian for Gurpi formation. The upper boundary of Gurpiformation was determined of Tarbour formation by Gunsserina gansseri.For Palynofacies investigative on the Gurpi formation Tyson (1993) Diagram was used which is based onAOM (Amorphous Organic Matter), Phytoclasts (Spore, Pollen, wood particle) and Palynomorphs (Dinoflagellate, Acritarchs and chitinous inner linig of foraminifera) percentage. Based on these, threePalynofacies were distinguished and differentiated showing a Palaeoenvironment ranging from marginaldysoxic – anoxic to distal suboxic – anoxic basin.As marine Palynomorphs are not well-preserved they could not be used for biozonation. Zonation and agedating were then based on foraminifera based on which five biozones showing in general an age of EarlyCampanian-Early Maastrichtian was determined for the formation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The studies of microbiostratigraphic of Tarbur formation in South-East Shiraz areas
معصومه Azizi مسیح AfghehIn this work, 2 astratigraphy sections of Tarbur Formation (including astratigraphy Darab section andastratigraphy Shesh-deh section) were investigated. Over 333 meters of sediments of this Formationand 328 thin sections are studied. The studies show that Tarbur Formati MoreIn this work, 2 astratigraphy sections of Tarbur Formation (including astratigraphy Darab section andastratigraphy Shesh-deh section) were investigated. Over 333 meters of sediments of this Formationand 328 thin sections are studied. The studies show that Tarbur Formation in Darab sections includes 2distinct parts of limestone thin bedded and thick bedded. Also, 3 distinct parts of limestone thinbedded, medium bedded and thick bedded in Shesh-deh section, were observed. In these sections, thefollowing index foraminifers were recognized:Orbitoides media, Omphalocyclus macroporus, Dicyclina schulumbergri, Dicyclina sp., Dictyoconellasp., Dicytoconella compalanta, Minoxia sp., Nezzazatinella sp., Rotalia sp., Rotalia skouransis,Antaliya korayi, Antalya sp., Broekinella sp., Lepidorbitoedes sp., Siderolites sp., Loftusia minor,Salpingoporella turgida, Salpingoporella dinarica, Vania anatolicaHence, Orbitoides media & Omphalocyclus macroporus Assemblage Zone were considered for Tarburlimestone formation.According to above mentions, we determined Maastrichtian- Paleocene age for Darab section andMaastrichtian age for Shesh-deh section. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Kangan formation in the Kish field
Maryam Peyravi Mohammad Reza Kamali Hossain RahimPour- BonabThe Kangan Formation (Lower Triassic) is one of the most important petroleum reservoirs in SW Iran andPersian Gulf that belong to the Dehram Group. Facies analysis from core and cuttings of this formation in theKish Field led to the recognition of 14 facies, indicating MoreThe Kangan Formation (Lower Triassic) is one of the most important petroleum reservoirs in SW Iran andPersian Gulf that belong to the Dehram Group. Facies analysis from core and cuttings of this formation in theKish Field led to the recognition of 14 facies, indicating deposition in tidal flat, lagoon and oolithic barrier faciesbelts. Facies types and their facies belts reveal deposition in the inner part of a homoclinal ramp platform.Vertical variations of microfacies and well log analysis especially Gamma Ray log demonstrate that the KanganFormation consists of three third order depositional sequences. Each sequences consisting of transgressivesystems tract (lagoonal and tidal flat facies) and highstand systems tracts (barrier/ shoal facies) which arebounded by a type 2 unconformity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Microfacies, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Dariyan Formation in the north of Shiraz
Davood Jahani mazyar nazarian darioush baghbaniThe Dariyan Formation (Aptian- Albian) is one of the important hydrocarbon reservoirs in theSW of Iran. In this investigation, microfacies, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphyof the Dariyan Formation have been studied in the Sivand and Dashtak anticlines MoreThe Dariyan Formation (Aptian- Albian) is one of the important hydrocarbon reservoirs in theSW of Iran. In this investigation, microfacies, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphyof the Dariyan Formation have been studied in the Sivand and Dashtak anticlines in the north ofShiraz. The thickness of the Dariyan Formation in the Sivand section is 330 meters and in theDashtak section is 263 meters. It mainly consists of limestone and shale interbeds. The lowercontact of the Dariyan Formation with the Gadvan Formation is gradational and the upper contactwith the Kazhdumi Formation is disconformity. Field and microscopic studies of the DariyanFormation have led to recognition of 3 groups and 11 microfacies related to open marine, barrierand lagoon environments. These facies groups were formed in a rimmed shelf carbonate platform.Vertical facies variations indicate the presence of one 3rd sequence. The lower part of TST is in theGadvan Formation and the upper boundary of HST with Kazhdumi Formation is SB1 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Petrophysical evaluation of Asmari formation in Galenar oilfield located in Dezful Embayment
Akram Eivazinejad Mahdi ZareGalenar oilfield is located in 40 kilometers to the north of Andimeshk and have two Reservoir with names of Asmariformation and Bangestan group.Asmari formation with composition of Limestone, Sandstone, Sandy limestone withshale layers is one of the important hydrocarbo MoreGalenar oilfield is located in 40 kilometers to the north of Andimeshk and have two Reservoir with names of Asmariformation and Bangestan group.Asmari formation with composition of Limestone, Sandstone, Sandy limestone withshale layers is one of the important hydrocarbon reservoir in Dezful Embayment therefore in this paper petrophysicalevaluation in Asmari formation is studied with use of Geolog software that including of lithology, shale volume, porosityand water saturation. Accordingly the appropriate zones with good economical exploration are identified. Based oneva1uation Asmari formation has three reservoir zones. The mean porosity in A1 zone is 2%,the mean water saturation is55% and the mean shale volume is 7.5%.the mean porosity in A2 zone is 12%,the mean water saturation is 45% and themean shale volume is 37.5%,the mean porosity in A3 zone is 5%,the mean water saturation is 40% and the shale volumeis 35%.with comparison of other oilfields in Dezful Embayment, porosity and water saturation of A1 and A2 zones aresimilar to BH-51 in Bibihakimeh oilfield. Therefore, the extraction of Bibihakimeh oilfield is economical than Galenaroilfield. Galenar oilfield is the less porosity than the result of core analysis in Ahwaz oilfield. Therefore, Galenar oilfield isthe less economical than Ahwaz oilfield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Mineral chemistry research and a review of petrology of intrusive mass in Mobarak Abad region
Ali Asghar Parchegani Mohammad Ali Arian Mohammad FodaziIn 75 km of the North-East of Tehran, and in Mobarak Abad region, there is a big dike which is 6km to 500m in the direction West -Northwest and East-Southeast, injected into one of the branches of Mosha-Fasham thrust. This mass is injected into Karaj formation (middle E MoreIn 75 km of the North-East of Tehran, and in Mobarak Abad region, there is a big dike which is 6km to 500m in the direction West -Northwest and East-Southeast, injected into one of the branches of Mosha-Fasham thrust. This mass is injected into Karaj formation (middle Eocene) so is younger than middle Eocene. From petrography point of view, the rocks are olivine gabbro, gabbro, diorite and Granodiorite. After electron microprobe analyze (EPMA) of the olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase samples of the area we concluded that olivine with 67.8% Mg is Hyalosiderite, pyroxene is Augite and plagioclase in center is Bytownite and the around is Labradorite. The magma type in this masse is sodic calc-alkaline that has quality metaluminous to peraluminous. Changes of main elements show that the formation elements have a creating relation between terms of plutonic rocks of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Determination of Reservoir character of kangan & dalan formation in south pars gas field using wireline logs
میترا Nozari بهرام Movahed S.H VaziriThe south pars gas field is on of the southwestern fields of iran in zagros sedimentary basing andconsists of two kangan and dalan reservoirs . the Kangan and Dalan formations belong to Dehram Groupand are the most important gas reservoirs in Persian Gulf area . Petroph MoreThe south pars gas field is on of the southwestern fields of iran in zagros sedimentary basing andconsists of two kangan and dalan reservoirs . the Kangan and Dalan formations belong to Dehram Groupand are the most important gas reservoirs in Persian Gulf area . Petrophysical characteristics in the studiedwell were evaluated by the data of the well logs and Probabilistic method was used for petrophysical byGeolog 6.6 software . for an accurate evaluations , the necessary corrections were applied on logs byconsidering the places of wash out , environment effects , gas and shale effects . After that , the lithology ofthe Kangan and Dalan formations were determined by using of cross plot of neutron – density.Analysis of wire line data shows that the formation is basically limeston and in some part it is dolomite .on the based of Lithology , shale volume , presence of evaporate sediments and porosity , the Kanganformation has been zoned to and , and the Dalan formation has been zoned to and . The resultsshow that the zone of the Kangan formation and the zone of the Dalan formation have on apporiatereservoir in terms of gas saturation level, porosity and lithology as results porosity (PHIE) and watersaturation (SWE) were obtained 9/45% , 9/7% for kangan and 8/65% , 8/2% for Dalan formation inaverage , respectively . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - A stratigraphical correlation and the deposit environmental changes of the Ruteh formation in Alborz
Masoomeh Elyasi Rad Jafar Ghomi OveyliIn order to study the stratigraphical correlation and environmental changes of the Ruteh Formation deposits inthe Alborz Region, four stratigraphical sections in the central Alborz Region (South of Nowshahr, Chalus, andAmol) and Eastern Alborz (Ghoznavi) were studied. L MoreIn order to study the stratigraphical correlation and environmental changes of the Ruteh Formation deposits inthe Alborz Region, four stratigraphical sections in the central Alborz Region (South of Nowshahr, Chalus, andAmol) and Eastern Alborz (Ghoznavi) were studied. Lithology of the Ruteh Formation in the Alborz Region arealmost limestone rock and the deposits of the Formation are specified by detrital facies and carbonated facies(limestone and dolomite). The deposits have a great thickness and their thickness is variable in different sections.Therefore the Ruteh Formation thickness in Manjir section (South of Nowshahr) is 493m, and 200m in the North– West Harijan section, 480m in Amol section and the thickness reaches 115m in Ghoznavi (Eastern Alborz)section. Ruteh Formation in these sections was determined at Artinskian- Murghabian age based on the fossilsextracted. Based on the field study, and thin sections, four facies including Tidal flat, Lagoon, Braaier and Openmarine were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Readability of Translation in Scientific Texts with Long Sentences: A Case of a Genetics Textbook
Naeime Naderi Ali Akbar Moeen Dr.Sima Sayadian More The issue of readability of long sentences has been remarkably noticed in the translation of scientific texts in the world. This subject also demands more attention in translation from English into Persian to solve the difficulty in comprehension of scientific texts in Iran. Accordingly, this quantitative corpus-based study tended to explore readability in scientific texts with long sentences. Hence, the readability of long sentences of a Genetics book in Medicine was compared against its Persian translation. Comparative stylistic model of Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) was used to explore the procedures which were employed in the translation of long sentences and influenced readability of the sentences. Moreover, Lix formula was employed to calculate the readability of long sentences in both source and target texts. The findings revealed that the most important factors in increasing the readability of the translation were as follows; splitting long sentences, changing phrases into clauses and nouns to verbs that decrease the ratio between the number of nouns and the number of verbs, and changing abstract concept words into concrete ones that are modulations. These findings suggest that long and difficult words need to be used less frequently and that passive sentences are to be changed into active ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - A comparative study of Ameshaspandan in Zoroastrianism and the standing property in theoretical mysticism
Saeed Mohammadi kishThe fixed nobles in theoretical mysticism are the forms of divine knowledge that have entered into the body of the world in holy grace, the fixed nobles in divine knowledge are limited only once in eternity and have become the manifestation of the essence of the Almight MoreThe fixed nobles in theoretical mysticism are the forms of divine knowledge that have entered into the body of the world in holy grace, the fixed nobles in divine knowledge are limited only once in eternity and have become the manifestation of the essence of the Almighty in the guise of names and attributes. This research is a theoretical study that examines the descriptive-comparative interpretation of the synonyms of Ayan Thabiteh in the ancient Zoroastrian religion through the method of library research and description and comparison of data. The purpose of this research is to investigate the fundamental similarities between these two religious and mystical attitudes. Referring to the findings of the research, it can be said that the spiritual forms of the universe in Zoroastrianism are called Amshaspandan Farvashi, which, like the nobles, were created before the creation of existence and were placed in the Gita body, they are the manifestation of the names and attributes, the manifestations of Ahura Mazda in They are the Gita world. In both attitudes, the first covenant and acknowledgment of the mission of servanthood are mentioned. Divine knowledge is fixed in them, and in the scientific facts of beings, they have the same definitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Study of Effective Parameters on Velocity of Projectile Using
ساسان امینیان دهکردی امین کلاهدوز محسن لوح موسویelectromagnetic force is One of the fundamental forces and it is widely used in industry . the use of the electromagnetic force is different for example it can use for Electric engine , Contactor , etc. if it increase can use electromagnetic force in Forming , assemble, Moreelectromagnetic force is One of the fundamental forces and it is widely used in industry . the use of the electromagnetic force is different for example it can use for Electric engine , Contactor , etc. if it increase can use electromagnetic force in Forming , assemble, welding and Acceleration . Acceleration and To speed up of thing is newest Application , when object is in intense field and magnetic moment that is causing the acceleration and speed So this energy is Clean and quite for use to acceleration of airplane , projectile and etc. to do this research at first electromagnetic source was build then with study about effective parameters, chose wire diameter , length of coil , number of layer and tube material .use final element method (J-Mag and Abaqus ) for parameters impact on the theory. The final element test and experimental test had a good match. For analysis the output( velocity ) use minitab program. As result the coil with maximum layer and 150 mm length with wire diameter 2 is the best coil and high speed was achive with this coil and it about 431m/s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Coil’s Number of Rounds and Voltage in Electromagnetic Sheet Forming of Aluminum Alloy 1050
Sajjad Nadian Bersiani Ahmad Keshavarzi امین کلاهدوزScientists replace the old methods with the new ones as the science develops. Today, automobile makers use thin sheets in order to lessen the weight and forming these sheets needs new methods. Electromagnetic forming is a way with which very thin sheets are made. A magn MoreScientists replace the old methods with the new ones as the science develops. Today, automobile makers use thin sheets in order to lessen the weight and forming these sheets needs new methods. Electromagnetic forming is a way with which very thin sheets are made. A magnetic field occurs in the Coils that leads the piece of work to its form like piston but without having effect and forms it when forming with Electronic evacuation. This process happens in less than a micro-second and increases the produced work pieces paying attention to the Coils which are the connection between the work piece and the engine, the amount of Coils in voltage in Electromagnetic forming is studied in digital and experimental ways in this study. For experimental examinations, Electromagnetic Coils are made and tested with Electromagnetic machines with 3 KJ power. In order to do digital experiments Abaqus and J-Mag softwares are used that the digital results have corresponded. The results shown that the area of the Coils should be the same with the work piece and for forming big areas of sheets, forming should be done in several levels with small Coils. Also, in order to increase the strength of Coils during the forming, the should be put in FK20 liquids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Review of the Parameters Influence of Incremental Forming Between 1960 and 2019
Mojtaba Hasanlu sina mokarySheet metal forming (SMF) is the most important metal forming areas which is used in various industries. SMF is formed by integrated rigid molds, due to happen desired plastic deformation in raw material. Those molds which are drawn and fabricated for one component has MoreSheet metal forming (SMF) is the most important metal forming areas which is used in various industries. SMF is formed by integrated rigid molds, due to happen desired plastic deformation in raw material. Those molds which are drawn and fabricated for one component has specific geometry characteristics. But for production of various shapes, we need to use different molds.so, It is not suitable and economical method for manufacturing decreasing costs such as waiting time, design, developing and production, there is flexible method which is named incremental forming (IF). IF can cover many restrictions and problems. In last decades, IF is noticed by many engineers and researchers because IF is modern method in SMF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Optimization of Fuller Experimental Formula Regional Coefficients by Linear Programming and Genetic Algorithm in unguaged watersheds with Spatial Data
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Ebrahim karimi sanghchini behroz arasto Ali Asghar HashemiOne of the methods used for calculating flood peak discharge in non-statistical watersheds is experimental methods. One of the empirical methods used in this study is the Fuller method which has advantages over other empirical methods for different flood periods. In thi MoreOne of the methods used for calculating flood peak discharge in non-statistical watersheds is experimental methods. One of the empirical methods used in this study is the Fuller method which has advantages over other empirical methods for different flood periods. In this research, we have compared the linear programming optimization techniques and genetic algorithm in optimizing the fuller experimental formula coefficients in Excel and MATLAB respectively for selected watersheds of the region. For this purpose, the statistics of maximum 24-hour discharge of 9 stations in West Azarbaijan province with a statistical period of 21 years were studied. Comparison of the results showed the superiority of the genetic algorithm method and then linear programming. The results also show that the use of smart search methods improves the performance of conventional methods significantly. For this purpose, the statistics of maximum 24-hour discharge of 9 stations in West Azarbaijan province with a statistical period of 21 years were studied. Comparison of the results showed the superiority of the genetic algorithm method and then linear programming. The results also show that the use of smart search methods improves the performance of conventional methods significantly. For this purpose, the statistics of maximum 24-hour discharge of 9 stations in West Azarbaijan province with a statistical period of 21 years were studied. Comparison of the results showed the superiority of the genetic algorithm method and then linear programming. The results also show that the use of smart search methods improves the performance of conventional methods significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Ritualistic Evidence from Naive Concept Forms to Conceptualizations with Indicator and Criterion
Hekmat Allah MollasalehiArchaeology of Rituals is hanging between ordinary language and abstract theoretic terminology. Can archaeology of Rituals, from theoretical point of view, avoid ordinary languages? As we know, language of rituals is an etic category that refers to set activities "enthu MoreArchaeology of Rituals is hanging between ordinary language and abstract theoretic terminology. Can archaeology of Rituals, from theoretical point of view, avoid ordinary languages? As we know, language of rituals is an etic category that refers to set activities "enthusiasm-laden" and intertwined with multiplex aspects of social life of people. Theoretical languages, as well, have their own structure and defined terminological character. Inadequacy, muteness, fossilized, static and materiality of archaeological data also provoke other controversies to academic and systematic study of Archaeology of lost and passed Rituals and Religions. This article deals briefly with some of the sharpest differences between ordinary and academic or theoretic languages and controversies involving Archaeology of lost Rituals and past Religions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Late Chalcolithic Period at Tepe Segzabad
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin NiknamiTepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of l MoreTepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of late 4th Millennium BC Cultures is Known Late Chalcolithic Period in Central Plateau, Has been identified in Tepe Sagzabad. Research-based Training Excavation [Practical method of excavating projects] was carried out in the fall of 2008 by the Department of Archaeology, Tehran University, intending to study the layers of the late chalcolithic discovered in 2007. In this season three trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. At last, the evidence of the late chalcolithic was only found in trench 6. Unfortunately, the expedition couldn’t find any complete structural [architectural] remains due to illegal digging, but a considerable number of pottery sherds typical of this period, were found. This article will only focus on the typology, classification and various types of the late chalcolithic pottery. Manuscript profile -
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228 - Effect of catheterization on prevalence of urinary infections
Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh Hamed Zarei سحر هنرمند جهرمی.. Urinary tract infection is one of the most important nosocomial infections that is often caused by catheterization. Europathogenic bacteria can potentially cause urinary tract infections by forming biofilms in catheters. The aim of present study was to investigate th More.. Urinary tract infection is one of the most important nosocomial infections that is often caused by catheterization. Europathogenic bacteria can potentially cause urinary tract infections by forming biofilms in catheters. The aim of present study was to investigate the formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm from catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The study was performed on 110 urine samples of patients who referred to the clinical laboratory of Milad Hospital, Tehran. Patients were divided into two groups with catheter-associated and non-catheter- associated urinary tract infections. Isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae were performed by biochemical tests and biofilm formation by plate microtiter method. 70 and 40 samples were related to catheter- associated and non-catheter- associated infections, respectively. 60% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from associated with urinary tract infections due to catheterization were strong biofilm, 26.7% moderate and 13.3% weak. 33.3% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates associated with urinary tract infection without catheter formed strong biofilm, 36.6% moderate and 23.3% weak biofilm and 2 isolates did not form any biofilm. The use of catheters in hospitalized patients increases the risk of urinary tract infections, which depends on various factors such as the duration of catheterization, type of catheter, and ability to form a biofilm of uropathogenic bacteria. The power of bacterial biofilm formation during catheterization increases the risk of infection and leads to antibiotic resistance of isolates and lack of proper treatment of patients. Manuscript profile -
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229 - The Impact of the Tourism Sector Policies in the Ninth and Tenth Boards of Government on Urban form and Structure of Mashhad Using Discourse Theory
Sara Jalali Zohreh Davoudpour Manouchehr Tabibian -
Open Access Article
230 - Elements and Indicators of Urban Form: A Meta-Synthesis Study
zeinab kheirkhah Marjan A. Nemati Mehr -
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231 - Spatial Evaluation of Energy Performance at Neighborhood Scale Case study: Sanandaj city
Farnaz Ghazi Farzin Charehjoo Mahta Mirmoghtadaee -
Open Access Article
232 - The Role of Algorithmic Applications in the Development of Architectural Forms (Case Study:Nine High-Rise Buildings)
Ahmadreza Khalili Hossein Soltanzadeh Seyed Hadi Ghoddusifar -
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233 - Analyzing the Impact of the Physical Form of Neighborhoods on Walkability
Maryam Mohamadi Mahsa Mostafaei -
Open Access Article
234 - Geometric Analysis of the Historical Periods of Architecture in the Mausoleum of Shah Nematollah Valli in Mahan
Maryam Mehrizi Abbas Masoudi Faramarz Hassan pour -
Open Access Article
235 - Evaluating the Efficiency of Different Cover Forms of the Large Spans in Flowers and Plant Exhibitions Based on the Natural Ventilation Vystem in a Moderate and Humid Climate
Alireza Soltanzadeh Katayoun Taghizadeh Jamshid Emami -
Open Access Article
236 - The Morphology of Qom; The Study on Spatial Configuration Changes of The City (1956-2021)
Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour Mostafa Abbaszadegan Masoud Elahi -
Open Access Article
237 - A Risk-averse Inventory-based Supply Chain Protection Problem with Adapted Stochastic Measures under Intentional Facility Disruptions: Decomposition and Hybrid Algorithms
Sajjad Jalali Mehdi Seifbarghy Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
238 - Designing Stochastic Cell Formation Problem Using Queuing Theory
Parviz fattahi Bahman Esmailnezhad Amir Saman Kheirkhah -
Open Access Article
239 - Assessment of the Effects of Geological Formation on the Water Resources Quality in Arid and Semiarid Watersheds
Naser Shamskia H. R. Payrovan -
Open Access Article
240 - Analysis of courtyard function in natural ventilation of traditional houses of coastal hot and dry climate using CFD technique (Case Study: Dehdashti Edifice in Bushehr City)
malihe taghipour Neda ghahraman izadi Hamid Eskandari khosro movahedThe essence of the spatial organization of traditional houses in Iran's hot and humid climate should be found in the pattern of the central courtyard. An integrated and integrated structure that provides appropriate answers for the material and spiritual life of it MoreThe essence of the spatial organization of traditional houses in Iran's hot and humid climate should be found in the pattern of the central courtyard. An integrated and integrated structure that provides appropriate answers for the material and spiritual life of its residents over the years. Due to the lack of documented and systematic researches in examining and analyzing the characteristics, typology, classification, function and effect of the geometric shape of the central courtyard on the natural ventilation of the interior of hot and dry coastal climates, this research investigates the geometric structure and various types of the central courtyard in Bushehr traditional houses from the perspective of Climatic and factors affecting the behavior of natural ventilation. Therefore, the study of the form of the yard was done with the assumption that by changing the geometric shape of the yard, can control the velocity, local mean age of air inside the room. In order to determine the most optimal mode of benefiting from the wind for natural ventilation in the interior spaces, the most common characteristics of Bushehr traditional houses in terms of the form of the yard and room, the location of the openings and the classification of floors was classified in 9 different types. 9 different types of combination of geometric shapes of vertical rectangle, square and horizontal rectangle for the form of courtyard and room, 4 different modes of aligned and non-aligned openings and three height levels of ground floor, first floor and second floor, a total of 108 different simulation modes have been considered. In this article, by using a combined research method and using an experimental strategy, independent variables affecting the quality of natural ventilation were first identified, dependent variables were measured by precise digital devices in a case study (Dehdashti Building) and its data was used for software validation. In continuation and after typology of the yard, by cfd method and using Autodesk CFD 2018 software, 9 different types of combination of room and yard in the form of vertical rectangle, square and horizontal rectangle, in 3 height levels of ground floor, first and second floor was simulated. And it was analyzed based on the three components of "velocity", "local mean age of air". The shape of the yard, the shape of the room and the ratio of mass to space are considered as independent variables and the quality of air flow inside the room (velocity and life of air) is considered as a dependent variable. The findings show that with the increase in the length-to-width ratio of the rectangle from 1.15 to 1.3, in the case of a vertical rectangle, the velocity in the room first increases and then decreases, but in a horizontal rectangle, the velocity follows a more uniform trend. Since the more elongated shapes of 1/2 and 1/3 are less common for central courtyards and create tighter ventilation conditions, as a result, 1.1/3 proportions are desirable in real examples and this ratio has the amount of elongation which is necessary for good ventilation. In terms of Air flow speed: The contours show that vertical rectangular courtyards are the most optimal form of courtyards in terms of velocity, which has a relative advantage over square courtyards and has a better performance by a large difference compared to horizontal rectangular courtyards. According to Local mean age of air: The data shows that vertical rectangular courtyards with a small difference compared to the square and with a large difference compared to the horizontal rectangle have a shorter air life and fresher air quality. in general, considering the life of the air, the types of "vertical rectangular yard" have the most optimal air circulation in the yard and the types of "vertical rectangular yard" and "square yard" have the most optimal quality. Provides fresh air in the room. Meanwhile, type number 2 provides the most optimal quality of natural ventilation. From the direction of the pattern of wind movement in the yard, it can be said that in most species. The ground floor shows better air quality in the room, but with the increase in height, all three components increase. Key words: Natural ventilation, courtyard form, room form, opening, CFD method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Effect of flower pattern on the curvature of high-strength steel pipe in roll forming
M. Karimi Firouzjaei H. Moslemi Naeini B. Abbaszadeh M.M. Kasaei -
Open Access Article
242 - Identification of Flora and Life Forms of Plants in Kandovan (East Azarbaijan)
Zh. ToupcvhiKandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46ْ 10′ to 46 ْ 20َ and 37 ْ 42َto 37 ْ 52َ. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collect MoreKandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46ْ 10′ to 46 ْ 20َ and 37 ْ 42َto 37 ْ 52َ. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collection and identification of plants grown in its 7000 hectares of range land. During two seasons about 400 plant samples were collected and identified in herbarium. In this project 256 species were identified to belong to 153 genus and 37 families. The most important plants families that collected in this region belonged to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae. Asteraceae (40 species), Fabaceae (29 species), Lamiaceae (25 species), Brassicaceae (22 species) and Apiaceae (16 species) were the dominant species in the area, respectively. The life forms of these species were determined by using of Raunkierُs method and they consist of 58.20% Hemicryptophytes, 30.07% Therophytes, 1.17% Phanerophytes, 5.85% Chamaephytes and 4.68% Geophytes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Examining the French electoral system (presidential and parliamentary elections)
Alireza Salavati Hojatallah darvishpur Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani masoud motallebiElections and popular vote have a very special place in the political structure of France and the French have always viewed elections with special sensitivity. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the electoral system of the French Republic. The main questio MoreElections and popular vote have a very special place in the political structure of France and the French have always viewed elections with special sensitivity. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the electoral system of the French Republic. The main question of this research is on what basis was the French electoral system formed? The thesis of this research is that the French electoral system is a two-stage electoral system with an "absolute majority" in the first election and a "relative majority" in the second election. This means that both in the presidential election and the national assembly election, the candidates must receive at least half of the votes, otherwise the election will be moved to the second stage in which the first two candidates in the presidential election and in the National Assembly, the candidates who get at least 12.5% of the votes will go to the second stage of the election. In the second stage, which is based on simple majority, the candidates who get the most votes win the election. The main complication of the French elections is in allocating seats to the winning parties in the National Assembly elections. The seats are divided between the winning parties based on a special formula. The more vote recieved by the parties and campaigns, the more seats are to be taken by them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - تاثیر تمرکز بر فرم بر اساس تدریس درون داد و برونداد روی یادگیری گرامر زبان آموزان ایرانی
سمیرا بوستان سعدی مهناز سعیدیاین تحقیق شبه آزمایشی تاثیرات افزایش درون داد و تولید جمله شامل ساختارهای زبان مقصد روی یادگیری قواعد زبان آموزان در سطح متوسطه را بررسی میکند. تعداد شصت دانش آموز در سه گروه درون داد، برون داد، و کنترل شرکت کردند. بعد از بررسی همگن بودن شرکت کنندگان با آموزن مهارت، محق Moreاین تحقیق شبه آزمایشی تاثیرات افزایش درون داد و تولید جمله شامل ساختارهای زبان مقصد روی یادگیری قواعد زبان آموزان در سطح متوسطه را بررسی میکند. تعداد شصت دانش آموز در سه گروه درون داد، برون داد، و کنترل شرکت کردند. بعد از بررسی همگن بودن شرکت کنندگان با آموزن مهارت، محققان یک پس آزمون برگزار کردند. گروه درون داد، افزایش درون داد را داخل متونی که شامل ساختارهای زبان مقصد با تکنیکهای مختلف از قبیل پررنگ سازی و خط کشیدن بودند، دریافت کردند. گروه برون داد ملزم به ساخت جملاتی بودند که بر اساس متون داده شده شامل ساختارهای زبان مقصد بودند. گروه کنترل قواعد و ساختارهای زبان مقصد را به صورت سنتی آموزش دیدند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که دو گروه تجربی ساختارهای زبان مقصد را بهتر از گروه کنترل یاد گرفتند، گرچه گروه درون داد در یادگیری قواعد زبان مقصد بهتراز گروه برون داد عمل کرد. یافته های این تحقیق استفاده وسیع از افزایش درون داد در بالا بردن یادگیری قواعد زبان دوم را پیشنهاد میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - تأثیر افزایش متنی بر ساختار مجهول
ایرج خوشنویس Zohreh Mikaeliاین مطالعه تجربی تأثیر افزایش متنی بر آموزش ساختارمجهول در میان یادگیرندگان زبان دوم ایرانیان درسطح پیشمتوسطه را بررسیکرد.شصت تا یادگیرندگان زبان دوم در سطح پیشمتوسطه بهصورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند دوتا گروه آزمایشی ویک گروه مقایسه. گروه اول آزمایشی متنهایی را Moreاین مطالعه تجربی تأثیر افزایش متنی بر آموزش ساختارمجهول در میان یادگیرندگان زبان دوم ایرانیان درسطح پیشمتوسطه را بررسیکرد.شصت تا یادگیرندگان زبان دوم در سطح پیشمتوسطه بهصورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند دوتا گروه آزمایشی ویک گروه مقایسه. گروه اول آزمایشی متنهایی را دریافت کرد که فعلهای مجهول در آن تکرار شد. گروه دوم آزمایشی متنی را دریافت کرد که در آن فعلهای مجهول با رنگهای مختلف زیرشان خط کشیده شد. گروه سوم فقط توضیحات آشکار مجهول را بدون متن دریافت کرد.گروه تکرار در هر جلسه دو متن دریافت کرد. تحقیق با پیشتست/ آموزش/ پستتست دنبال شد. نتیجه نشان داد که هر دو گروه افزایش متنی یعنی گروه تکرار و گروه خطوط رنگی تأثیر آماری مهمی در آموزش ساختار مجهول نسبت به گروه آموزش صریح را داشت. در نتیجه گروه تکرار مفیدتر از گروه خطوط رنگی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - آگاهی فرازبانی و صحت دستوری نوشتار دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد: معلم کانون درمقابل فراگیرکانون
Zohreh Seifooriحرکت آونگ آموزش زبان به سوی فرآیندهای آگاهانه آموزشی نقش مهم آگاهی فرازبانی را مورد تاکید قرار می دهد. پژوهش شبه تجربی حاضربا هدف مقایسه میزان تاثیر آگاهی فرازبانی فعالیتهای جهت داده شده توسط معلم و فعالیتهای انجام شده توسط زبان آموزان بر صحت دستوری نوشتار دانشجویان کار Moreحرکت آونگ آموزش زبان به سوی فرآیندهای آگاهانه آموزشی نقش مهم آگاهی فرازبانی را مورد تاکید قرار می دهد. پژوهش شبه تجربی حاضربا هدف مقایسه میزان تاثیر آگاهی فرازبانی فعالیتهای جهت داده شده توسط معلم و فعالیتهای انجام شده توسط زبان آموزان بر صحت دستوری نوشتار دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد آموزش زبان انگلیسی طراحی گردید. شصت آزمودنی در سه کلاس نگارش پیشرفته به صورت تصادفی به یک گروه شاهد و دو گروه تحقیق نامگذاری شدند و در کلیه کلاسها آموزش فرآیند-محور بر اساس مطالب آموزشی یکسان به اجرا در آمد. در گروه تحقیق اول که گروه آگاهی فرازبانی معلم کانونبود مجموعه ایی از تمرینات صورت-محور گردآوری شده توسط معلم به عنوان تکلیف تعیین و بصورت هفتگی توسط دانشجویان انجام و در کلاس بررسی می شد. در گروه تحقیق دوم، گروه فراگیرکانون، این تمرینات تنها به عنوان تکالیف جانبی خودآموزی به دانشجویان ارائه گردید درحالی که گروه کنترل هیچگونه تمرین دستوری اضافی انجام ندادند. تحلیل آماری نتایج پس آزمون نوشتاری در پایان دوره آموزشی شش هفته ایی نشانگر میزان بالاتر صحت دستوری در نوشتار گروههای تحقیق در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و برتری گروه معلم کانون نسبت به گروه فراگیر کانون بود. نتایج این پژوهش اهمیت آگاهی فرازبانی در بافتهای زبان دوم را از یکسو و نقش اساسی معلم در جهت دادن به این آگاهی از سوی دیگر مورد تاکید قرار می دهد و کاربردهای آموزشی آن مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - اموزش منظورشناسی زبان انگلیسی : بررسی تاثیر روشهای فرم محور مداخله ای و غیر مداخله ای
Elaheh Zaferanieh عباس اسلامی راسخبه منظور تاکید بیشتر بر منظورشناسی زبان دوم و گنجاندن ان در کلاسهای اموزش زبان انگلیسی، در این مطالعه محققان تلاش کردند تاثیر روشهای اموزشی فرم محور مداخله ای و غیر مداخله ای را بر دانش منظورشناسی فراگیران انگلیسی مورد ارزیابی قرار دهند. در این تحقیق تاکید بر کنش رفتاری Moreبه منظور تاکید بیشتر بر منظورشناسی زبان دوم و گنجاندن ان در کلاسهای اموزش زبان انگلیسی، در این مطالعه محققان تلاش کردند تاثیر روشهای اموزشی فرم محور مداخله ای و غیر مداخله ای را بر دانش منظورشناسی فراگیران انگلیسی مورد ارزیابی قرار دهند. در این تحقیق تاکید بر کنش رفتاری "انتقاد کردن" بود. 54 فراگیر ایرانی در سطح زبانی متوسط در این تحقیق شرکت کردند و به سه گروه تقسیم شدند: 19 نفر مربوط به روش مداخله ای، 21 نفر مربوط به روش غیر مداخله ای و 14 نفر هم در گروه کنترل بودند. تستهای اولیه گرفته شد و سپس تکنیکهای مربوط به هر روش خیلی دقیق در کلاسها اجرا شدند. اصلی ترین تکنیکهای روش مداخله ای عبارت بودند از فعالیت های اگاهی انگیزی، توضیحات کاملا عینی و شفاف و اصلاحات مستقیم توسط معلم. در روش غیر مداخله ای، فعالیت های تقویت داده و اصلاحات غیر مستقیم استفاده شد. بعد از اتمام و اجرای روشهای اموزش، تست ثانویه از فراگیران گرفته شد و با استفاده ازروشهای اماری انوا داده ها تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل داده نشان داد که دانش منظورشناسی انگلیسی افراد در گروههایی که اموزش دیدید پیشرفت چشم گیری داشت. همچنین یافته ها حاکی از ان بود که فراگیران روش مداخله ای به طور معناداری بهتر از گروه دیگر عمل کردند. این نتایج میتواند کاربرد زیادی برای معلمان زبان، برنامه ریزان درسی و محققان داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - بررسی متغیرهای چالشبرانگیز اجتماعیفرهنگی تأثیرگزار بر هویت زبانآموزان ایرانی
هاجر مقدسی حاجی آباد شعله کلاهی بهدخت مالامیریپژوهش حاضر متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی چالش برانگیز و تاثیرگذار بر هویت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی در ایران را بررسی کرده است. برای دستیابی به متغیرها و حوزه های فرهنگی اجتماعی مشخص، مرور جامعی بر پیشینهی تحقیق بر مبنای دیدگاه مدرسان زبان انگلیسی و تحلیل کتب آموزشی زبان انگ Moreپژوهش حاضر متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی چالش برانگیز و تاثیرگذار بر هویت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی در ایران را بررسی کرده است. برای دستیابی به متغیرها و حوزه های فرهنگی اجتماعی مشخص، مرور جامعی بر پیشینهی تحقیق بر مبنای دیدگاه مدرسان زبان انگلیسی و تحلیل کتب آموزشی زبان انگلیسی صورت گرفته است. علاوه بر آن، یک پرسشنامهی باز طراحی و بین پنجاه زبان آموز دختر و پسر ایرانی در گروه سنی سیزده تا بیست و یک سال (میانگین سنی 16) که بر اساس نظریه اریکسون در مرحله سردرگمی هویتی قرار دارند جهت بررسی متغیرهای جدید احتمالی توزیع گردید. در نتیجه، فهرستی از عوامل تاثیر گذار بدست آمد که متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی تاثیرگذار بر زبان آموزان ایرانی را با جزییات مشخص میکند و زمینه را برای تحقیقات بعدی مهیا میسازد. فهرست جامعی از متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی تاثیرگذار بدست آمد که می تواند در پژوهشهای بین رشته ای مربوط به آموزش زبان انگلیسی، جامه شناسی زبان، مطالعات فرهنگی و غیره کارایی داشته باشد. نتایج تحقیق همچنین ضرورت آگاهی از عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی تاثیرگذار بر هویت زبان آموزان ایرانی را در کلاس های درس و دوره های تربیت معلم روشن میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Detection and determination of Melamine in infant formula by ELISA method
امیر Shakerian گلی Savabi Esfahani Thirty-six samples of infant formula with different production dates and various brands were purchased from Isfahan city during 2012. The samples were assayed for the presence and quantity of melamine by ELISA screening method. According to the results, in More Thirty-six samples of infant formula with different production dates and various brands were purchased from Isfahan city during 2012. The samples were assayed for the presence and quantity of melamine by ELISA screening method. According to the results, in any infant formula melamine contamination was observed above the detection limit of the kit (10 µg/L). Therefore, it was concluded that the infant formula at Isfahan retail is not considered a health hazard from the melamine contamination point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Effect of Text Structure on Iranian EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension as Measured by Multiple-choice and Cloze Tests
Hedayat Eslami Mahnaz Saeidi Saeide AhangariThis study was an attempt to investigate Iranian EFL students' performance on reading comprehension tests with different text structures and response formats. The participants of the study included 228 students, comprising eight groups, selected based on the Preliminary MoreThis study was an attempt to investigate Iranian EFL students' performance on reading comprehension tests with different text structures and response formats. The participants of the study included 228 students, comprising eight groups, selected based on the Preliminary English Test (PET). Four types of text structures, time sequence (T), description (D), causation (C), problem-solution (P) were selected and two types of response formats, Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ) and Multiple-Choice Cloze tests (MCC), based on the four text structures were developed and administered to the eight groups. The results revealed that in both response formats, the students' performance on the more loosely organized text structures (T and D) was better than their performance on the more tightly organized ones (C and P). Furthermore, the students' performance on MCQ was significantly better than on MCC response format across all four text structures. The results of the study suggested that students performed better on T and D text structures compared to C and P in both response formats and that their performance on MCQ response format was better than their performance on MCC across all four text structures. The results of the study suggest that teachers and test developers can boost their students' performance on reading comprehension tests by choosing the most appropriate response formats for different text structures Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The Foundation of Political Management from Khajeh Nezam-Al-Molk's Perspective
Aziz Javan pour heraviManagement, in its modern sense, refers to the behavior that one, holding a managerial position, displays in order to conduct the organization under his control. This behavior is inevitably based on some theoretical principles. That is to say, the theoret MoreManagement, in its modern sense, refers to the behavior that one, holding a managerial position, displays in order to conduct the organization under his control. This behavior is inevitably based on some theoretical principles. That is to say, the theoretical foundation of a manager's value systems and beliefs contributes to efficiently organizing his conduct. The basis of such underlying convictions might be either a function-based or an action-based philosophy. Thus, any management needs to be executed via a particular strategy which, in turn, might be informed or even dictated by the metaphysical views of the manager. This study presents a case-study of the impact of Khajeh Nezam-Al-Molk-eTousi's ideational and philosophical views on his managerial conduct. There are two reasons for the selection of this person.Firstly, Khajeh Nezam-Al-Molk is one of the most successful authoritative figures in the history of Iran highly praised andreputable for his innovative conduct. Secondly, evident in his managerial career and conduct is a particular type of strategy which can be regarded as the natural consequence of his profound understanding of the principles of Islamic political philosophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Effect of Protein Corona Formation on Photonic Response of Upconverting Nanoparticles
Nahid Ghazyani Mohammad Hossien Majles Ara -
Open Access Article
253 - Sociological Analysis of Social Modernization and Its Impact on Forming a Family of Educated Youth )Case Study of Students of Golestan Province)
Mostafa Khosravi -
Open Access Article
254 - affect Components of urban physical form on outdoor thermal comfort case study: yazd
مرجان منتظری لعلا جهانشاهلو حمید ماجدیBy introducing the theory of sustainable city, ecological city, smart city, and green city in recent decades, Special attention to design in harmony with nature, ecological sustainability and climate issues are considered urban designers and the planners. Thus, issues s MoreBy introducing the theory of sustainable city, ecological city, smart city, and green city in recent decades, Special attention to design in harmony with nature, ecological sustainability and climate issues are considered urban designers and the planners. Thus, issues such as energy saving, control the energy exchange between human and artificial and natural environment and provide thermal comfort for urban spaces users, become an integral part of urban design studies. Therefore, the present study is aimed at address the issue of energy management in urban scale with emphasis on the role of the urban form on thermal comfort and microclimate, by using a descriptive-analytical method and review researches and similar experiences. This study investigates the impact of urban form on microclimate and find the components of urban form affects the local climate and thermal comfort in urban open spaces in the hierarchy of urban scale (the individual buildings up to urban fabric). The results show Spatial, physical and environmental dimensions of elements of urban form in different scales, for example geometric characteristics (shape, height, size, orientation), the occupation and density, pattern and form layout, materials (type, color) of roof, wall, and floor, H/W (ratio of height to width), the sky view factor (SVF), pattern (structure) of street network, vegetation (type and density), land use influence the thermal comfort of urban open spaces that notion to them in the process of planning and urban design, could lead to the creation of spaces that provide thermal comfort for users in all seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Evaluating the Role of Urban Form in Energy Consumption of Building Masses and Thermal Comfort of Open Urban Spaces in the Hot and Dry Climate
Maryam Farokhi Shahab KariminiaIn the past, cities have been good examples of energy-efficient urban design in terms of ecological constraints. Looking at traditional cities and comparing them with modern urban planning, we see adverse environmental consequences in the scale of design of building uni MoreIn the past, cities have been good examples of energy-efficient urban design in terms of ecological constraints. Looking at traditional cities and comparing them with modern urban planning, we see adverse environmental consequences in the scale of design of building units and the spatial structure of cities. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the effective factors in the design of traditional sustainable cities, using simulation software before the project or in the proposed options, to the optimal forms in the components (individual buildings) and Urban combinations (urban textures) was achieved. The present research combines descriptive-analytical methods, typological studies, drawing and simulation of models, following the analysis of energy consumption and thermal comfort in different types of building forms, urban blocks, and spatial structure of Isfahan in 4 historical periods. Therefore, by using energy simulation software (Design Builder) and thermal comfort (Envi-Met) and analysis of Space Syntax, the relationship between independent variables (physical and spatial characteristics of the urban fabric) and dependent variables, the amount of energy consumption (to provide heating, cooling, and lighting) and thermal comfort, in each of the proposed scenarios, has been investigated. Based on the results, it is possible to formulate guidelines for the climatic design of urban structures in the form of three components; The system and pattern of segmentation and segregation of urban land, the shape and characteristics of the mass/space in urban contexts and the pattern of the network of texture passages, regulation, and operational construction. The dominant forms of the Qajar period are more sustainable forms than other historical periods in terms of energy performance and adaptation to the climate. Also, spatial structures with the highest degree of spatial connection can provide a higher percentage of thermal comfort conditions in urban open spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Forming limit curves of AA3105 on multiple temperature conditions: numerical investigation and experimental verification
Behzad Hadiyan Ramin Hashemi Habibollah Akbari -
Open Access Article
257 - Optimization of the strain distribution in the roll forming process using the desirability function and finite element methods
Siroos Ahmadi Vali Alimirzaloo Meysam Abdollahzade Gavgani -
Open Access Article
258 - Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Factors Affecting the Surface Roughness in UVaSPIF Process Using Response Surface Methodology
Mehdi Vahdati Ramezanali Mahdavinejad Saeid Amini Mahmoud Moradi -
Open Access Article
259 - Characterization of Microstructure and Bending Response of Sheet Material: Influence of Thickness
Mustafa Özdemir Hakan Gökmese H Dilipak V Yilmaz -
Open Access Article
260 - Optimization of laser forming parameters using genetic algorithms
Rasoul Tarkesh Esfahani Sa&#039;id Golabi zahra zojaji -
Open Access Article
261 - Effect of Tool Pin Shape on Defect-Free FSP and Particles Distribution in SiC/Al6061 Composites
Morteza Ezzati Parviz Asadi Mostafa Akbari -
Open Access Article
262 - Synoptic analyzing the occurrence of strong wind and dust storm in Shiraz in March 2019
Ashraf AsadiAs transition seasons approach at the end of the winter season, changes in movement patterns and wind speed in mid-latitudes are inevitable. On March 22, 2019, a strong wind accompanied by heavy dust and muddy rain for a large part of the day resulted in the injury of s MoreAs transition seasons approach at the end of the winter season, changes in movement patterns and wind speed in mid-latitudes are inevitable. On March 22, 2019, a strong wind accompanied by heavy dust and muddy rain for a large part of the day resulted in the injury of several citizens and significant damage in the city of Shiraz. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the synoptic conditions of the formation of this phenomenon. Earth surface data from the Meteorological Organization and variables of air temperature, geopotential height, sea level pressure, zonal wind, meridional wind, specific humidity, and omega were used as upper atmosphere data to investigate the upper level of the atmosphere. Using these variables, geopotential height roughness map patterns, frontal formation process, vorticity advection, humidity, thickness pattern, earth surface pressure patterns, Jetstream, Omega, and Hof-Muller diagrams of the third type of Jetstream and Omega were drawn at different levels. The results showed that the location of the studied area under the positive advection zone in the east of the western wind channel, which leads to high divergence and low convergence, the establishment of temperature trend and front formation, and especially the descent of the polar front wind to the lower atmospheric levels, the conditions Synoptic have provided for the occurrence of strong air ascent and the formation of strong gusts caused by it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Relationship between Geological Formations and Contour Form of Topographic Maps in Part of Northern and Southern Alborz
عیسی Jokar Sarhangi Mansour BakhshiThe preparation of geomorphological maps is requiring a lot of time and extensive money to collect information on maternal and landforms. Registration maternal features in these maps are usually based on geological maps, field operations, and aerial photographs analyzin MoreThe preparation of geomorphological maps is requiring a lot of time and extensive money to collect information on maternal and landforms. Registration maternal features in these maps are usually based on geological maps, field operations, and aerial photographs analyzing. However, due to the resistance of rocks and sediments against erosion is different, it is possible to identify and distinguish them by 1:25000 topographic maps and by studying the form of contours. The purpose of this study is to identify contour forms of topographic maps and find their relationship with geological formations of the region in Part of northern and southern Alborz. For this purpose, the existing contours forms including straight contours, and simple sinusoidal, long and elongated sinusoidal, dense sinusoidal and pulsed curves are classified in topography maps of the region and overlapped with the formation maps of the region that supply by using geological maps 1:100000 geological surveys of Iran. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the relationship between them. The results showed that the contour forms of the geological formations of the area were significantly different at the 0.01 level. The contour forms of straight and simple predominate in hard rocks and dense sinusoidal forms in loose formations and are higher than expected. Therefore, the rock material is effective in creating specific contour forms of topographic maps of the area and since these forms are easily recognizable in these maps, it is therefore possible to use topographic maps to obtain material information for geomorphological maps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Floristic study of Alagol, Almagol and Ajigol wetlands and their adjacent areas in Golestan province
Jamileh Panahy Mirzahasanlou Nurmohammad Shirmohammadli Eisa Jorjani Nurmohammad NazariDetermination of the Flora of natural areas and identification of plant species is the basis for environmental planning in any region and identification of the vegetation status. The aim of this study is to investigation of the flora and chorotype of plants in Alagol, A MoreDetermination of the Flora of natural areas and identification of plant species is the basis for environmental planning in any region and identification of the vegetation status. The aim of this study is to investigation of the flora and chorotype of plants in Alagol, Almagol and Ajigol wetlands in Golestan province. In order to study the region's flora, plant species were collected during the growing seasons of years 2015 to 2016 and were identified. In total, 105 species belong to 84 genera and 39 families were recognized. Asteraceae with 18 species, Chenopodiaceae with 18 species and Poaceae with 14 species were the largest families according to species number. Results of the life form spectrum indicates that therophytes (48.3%) and hemi-Cryptophytes (21.9%) were the most frequent life forms of the region. With regard to the geographic distribution, most of the species were belonged to pluriregional (20%) and Irano-Turanian (16.19%) elements. Comparison of wetlands based on life form indicates that therophytes are most dominant life form in all three wetlands; Hemi-cryptophytes are in the next order. Comparison between wetlands based on geographic distribution indicates that bi or tri-regional elements consists most of the flora in all three wetlands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Evaluation of the relationship between some soil characteristics and soil formation factors(Case study: four watersheds in Qazvin province(
Alireza Pazhuhandeh Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Abolfazl Moeini Ebrahim PaziraThe effective factors in soil formation include parent material, climate, topography, time and living organisms. The changes of these soil formation factors cause different physical and chemical properties in the soil. The purpose of this research was to investigate the MoreThe effective factors in soil formation include parent material, climate, topography, time and living organisms. The changes of these soil formation factors cause different physical and chemical properties in the soil. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil-forming factors and soil physic-chemical properties. For this purpose, in four watersheds of Qazvin province, a map of working units was first prepared with field visits with the help of geographic information system at a scale of 1:25000. Then, 101 soil samples were collected and EC, pH, organic matter percentage, sand fraction, silt proportion, and clay percentages were measured. The relationship between soil formation factors and properties was investigated using linear multivariate regression in three methods of Enter, Forward, and Stepwise. To investigate parent materials from the sensitivity factor to the erosion of rocks, for living organisms, the percentage of organic matter through laboratory analysis, for topography from the two factors of slope and height and from the geological era to investigate time and for the climate factor from two Rain and temperature factors were used. The accuracy of these models was validated using two statistics of explanation coefficient and mean squared error. The results demonstrated that the highest R2 value of 0.78 with an RMSE of 0.56 was associated with the relationship between pH and soil-forming factors (regression by the Enter method). There was less than a 50% correlation between silt, clay, and electrical conductivity with soil-forming factors. According to the models obtained in this research, it was found that it is possible to prepare maps of soil physic-chemical properties with the help of soil formation factor maps in different regions by using more extensive modeling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Intrudoction to the flora,life form and plant geogerafical distribiuotion of haraun Region,in kerman province ,iran
S.M.A Vakili ShahrbabakThe harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this MoreThe harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this region includes:112plant species(3gymnosperms7monocots and 102dicots).that belong to 33 families and89genera.the important families are Asteracea, Lamiaceae,، Papilonaceae,Rosaceae, and Geramineae,with15,15,13,8 and 6species respectively,life form of the plant species of hararun region include:hemicryptophytes 29/47%therophytes 27/67%chamephytes11/64% phanerophytes %11/6jeophyte:11/6% chryptophytes: 7/14%: from the veiw point of regional elements plants of this region include: ،65/17%Irano-turanian, 12/5%Irano-turanian and saharo-sindian, ، 8/05% saharo-sindian,6/7%Mediterranean 4/4% Hyrcanean3/65%cosmic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Functional aspects of plant structure impacts on ecosystems Bungalow pastures in Western Azerbaijan
Azadeh alemzadeh gorji Gholam ali heshmatiThe objective of this was to determine the effect of topography factor for soil surface characteristics and pasture in north and south slopes of Margavar, as representative of the West shrub land pasture of Azarbayejane gharbi. For this purpose, by using the Land scape& MoreThe objective of this was to determine the effect of topography factor for soil surface characteristics and pasture in north and south slopes of Margavar, as representative of the West shrub land pasture of Azarbayejane gharbi. For this purpose, by using the Land scape function Analysis method, use for a simple evaluation of the quality and capabilities of potential natural grassland ecosystem was performed. The width, the height, the density of the patch and inter-patch and also, the 11 parameters was measure on the tree transects of 50 meters length. The paired t-test results showed that the index of land scape stability, nutrient cycle and infiltration was higher on north aspect than south aspect. Most ecological indicators of south and north aspect was shrub form respectively. The extension of Amygdalus scoparia, that despite the undeniable impact of low density in the area of management is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Floristic study of Vark region in Khorramabad (Lorestan)
fatemeh pourfallahi Gholamhasan VeiskaramiAbstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families MoreAbstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families are Fabaceae and Lamiaceae , with 33 and 27 plant species respectively. Therophytes 47% , Geophytes 26% , Chamaephytes 12%, Hemichryptophytes 10% and Phanerophytes 5% and were the most important structure groups of the local biological spectrum according to Raunkaiaer method from the view point regional elements plants of this region include: 43% Irano – Touranean , 23% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean،17% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean and Europe – Siberean and 5% Cosmopolitan. The aim of this research was identify plant species in vark region of Khorramabad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - A introduction to the flora of Kahman Aleshtar aera (Lurestan province)
عارفه Hasanvand یونس Asri حسین Lari Yazdi و محمد MehrniaKahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study MoreKahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study area are 1600 and 3600 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 554 mm and mean annual temperature is 15.2 ˚C. In this study, 228 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 47 families and 154 genera. Asteraceae with 34 species, Lamiaceae with 25 species, Fabaceae and Poaceae each with 21 species are main families of this area. Life forms using Raunkier method indicates that the therophytes with 45.1 % (101 species) and hemicryptophytes with 33.9 (76 species) are the most frequent life forms. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 49.1 % of species (110 species) belong to Irano – Turanian region. Of these, 25 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Introduction of flora, Life from and Plant Geographical distribution of Warsan region in Ashtian (Markazi Province) Iranin
معصومه Khosravy Rine یونس Asri عظیم AbotalebiWarsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude of study area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identi MoreWarsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude of study area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant specimenswere collected from the area during growing season in 1387. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 270 species were collected and identified. These species belong to 37 families and 139 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (45 species), Papilionaceae (36 species) Geramineae (22 species) and Apiaceae (19 species). Hemicryptophytes with 127 species (47%) were the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 201 species (74.44%) belong to Irano-Turanian region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Floristic study of Einolkosh area in Kermanshah
مهتاب Shahraki منیژه Pakravan یونس AsriEinolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of th MoreEinolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats of the area during growing seasons in 1385. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 156 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 27 families and 118 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (32 species), Fabaceae (27 species) and Poaceae (14species). Therophytes with 91 species (58.3%) are the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 86 species (55.1 %) belong to Irano–Turanian region. Of these, 12 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Introduction to the flora, life form and geographical distribution of plants in the Nodooshan region (Yazd province)
علی Mirhosseini عباس Zarezadeh ناصر Baghestani مهدی Soltani The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual pr More The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual precipitation reaches between 109 to 220 mm. Flora of this region includes 282 plant species that belong to 204 genera and 48 families. Plant samples were collected between 1995 to 2005 years. The important families are Asteraceae with 44 species (15.6%), Papilionaceae with 27 species (9.57%), Brassicaceae with 25 species (8.86%) and Lamiaceae with 24 species (8.51%) respectively. Studying of plants life form by Raunkiaar method showed that Hemicryptophytes with 37.94 percent (107 species) are the most frequent life forms. Therophytes with 28.72 and Champhytes with 16.31 percent of species are less important. Investigation on geographical distribution of plants species showed 74.47 percent (210 species) of the species belong to Irano-Touranian region. Other species can be observed in other zone too. From the 282 species of flora this region 55 species (19.5%) are medicinal plants, 32 species (11.35%) endemic of Iran and 3 species endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Flora, life forms and chorotypes of plants in Khezr Abad, area (Orzank) Yazd province
Gh.R Bakhshi Khaniki, رزا Ghouchani,Khezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species an MoreKhezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species and introduction of the flora in Khezr Abad (Orzanak). For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats, of the area in three growing seasons, spring, summer and autumn of 2004 year and the then were identified by different floras. The life forms of species were determined and the biological spectrum of he area was plotted. The position of the region was studied with respect to phytogeographical classification based on geographical data and references. From 103 identified plant species are 1gymnosperms, 86 dicotyledones and 16 monocotyledones. They belong to 30 families and 86 genera. The following families have the highest number of species: Asteraceae (%20.4), Poaceae (%12.6), Lamiaceae (%9.7), Fabaceae (%8.7) and Rosaceae (%7.8). Hemicryptophytes with 40 species (%38.8) and therophytes with 23 species (%22.3) are the most frequent life forms in the area. The distribution of 71 species (%68.9) is restricted to Irano-Turanian region, 29 species (%28.1) of them are endemics of Iran. Among of endemic species, two species Nepeta gloeocephala and Helichrysum davisianum are endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - The investigation on Floristic, life form and chorotype of Medicinal plants of Darkesh area in Northern Khorassan province, Iran
مرجانه Aydani فرخ Ghahremaninejad R.A KhavariNejad محمدرضا JoharchiDarkesh area is located in northern Khorassan province and west of Bojnurd. This region is located between longitudes 56o41' to 56o49'W and latitudes 37o27' to 37o27'N. Its maximum altitude is 2455m. The regional climate is cold mountains and subhumid, and the precipita MoreDarkesh area is located in northern Khorassan province and west of Bojnurd. This region is located between longitudes 56o41' to 56o49'W and latitudes 37o27' to 37o27'N. Its maximum altitude is 2455m. The regional climate is cold mountains and subhumid, and the precipitation in this region is about 502mm. Based on floristic studies, more than 506 species, 310 genera and 76 families were determinated. Also, more than 140 species with medicinal value were collected. The families of Lamiaceae (with 26 species), Asteraceae (with 21 species) and Rosaceae (with 13 species) have higher contribution in this region. The biological forms in this region are follow: 40% Hemicryptophytes, 18/4% Therophytes, 14/25% Geophytes, 13/57% Phanerophytes and 6/42% Chamaphytes. The phytogeographical distribution of species belong to Irano-Touranian, Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Introduction to the flora, Life form and plant geographical distribution of Deh Zaman iron mine in Bardascan (Razavi Khorasan province)
محمدرضا Joharchi مه لقا Ghorbanli فاطمه AsadollahiIn this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by usin MoreIn this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by using of indispensable references. Alphabetically list of taxa in this region was provided on the base of families and scientific name. Collected plants are transmited to Herbarium of Reserch Center for plant Sciences in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. The life form of plant species was determined by using of Raunkiaer’s method. The plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including 29 families, 75 genera and 95 species the more species belong to Asteraceae with 12 species. Life forms of plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including: 68.42% therophyte and 12.63% hemicryptophyte, 8.42% geophyte, 5.26% chamephyte and 5.26% phanerophyte. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Callogenesis and organogenesis of Lavandula vera DC.
مریم Peyvandi لیلا Kazemi احمد MajdLavender (Lavandula vera DC) is an important ornamental and aromatic plant. In vitro culture through callogenesis is proposed to be an alternative for vegetative propagation. The effects of different cytokinins were investigated on callogenesis and organogenesis of Lava MoreLavender (Lavandula vera DC) is an important ornamental and aromatic plant. In vitro culture through callogenesis is proposed to be an alternative for vegetative propagation. The effects of different cytokinins were investigated on callogenesis and organogenesis of Lavandula vera. Nodal explants were cultured in the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (benzyl amino purine (BAP), Kinetine (Kin) solely or in combination with each other. Ten days after culturing, callogenesis was observed. After 3 weeks some granular shapes were appeared on the calli which formed sprouts or roots. Calli which were grown in the medium with 2iP (1-2 mg/l) or BAP (1-2 mg/l) produced shoots. The maximum number of shoots was achieved in the medium supplemented with BAP (2 mg/l). The production of shoots and roots were occurred at the same time. The maximum level of root formation was gained in the medium with BAP (1 mg/l). Forty five old days calli were subcultured in the same culture media. Shoot formation was achieved in the media supplemented with 2iP (1-2 mg/l) or BAP (1-2 mg/l) and combination of BAP and Kin (1mg/l). In the subculture media root formation was not occurred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Utility of Gold Nanoparticles for Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Determination of Ceftobiprole in Dosage form and Biological Fluids
Hesham Salem Mahmoud Omar Dina Zein Deena MokhaterTwo simple, fast and novel delicate fluorimetric and spectrophotometric strategies were examined for the measure of ceftobiprole (CEF) utilizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). On spectrofluorimetric strategy, gold nanoparticles were utilized as a fluorescence test. The ex MoreTwo simple, fast and novel delicate fluorimetric and spectrophotometric strategies were examined for the measure of ceftobiprole (CEF) utilizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). On spectrofluorimetric strategy, gold nanoparticles were utilized as a fluorescence test. The expansion of CEF to Au-NPs arrangement caused significant quenching of the outflow band of Au-NPs, which was likely due to the complexation of the medicate to gold NPs. Beneath the ideal conditions, the extinguished fluorescence (FL) escalated was straight with the examined concentration. The extinguishing instrument of CEF on the outflow band of Au-NPs was clarified by Stern-Volmer law. The moment spectrophotometric strategy was based on conglomeration of synthesized gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles appeared retention at 522 nm. Upon interaction with the CEF, the band at 522 nm vanished with arrangement of a unused ruddy moved band at 673. Distinctive exploratory variables were optimized for higher affectability. The calibration bands were straight with concentration extend of 0.1-12 µg/mL for the examined medicate. The methods were connected effectively to decide the studiedddrug in minor concentrations in immaculate frame, pharmaceutical measurement shapes and organic liquids (human serum and urine samples). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The Effect of Hedged-form Feedback vs. Uncoded Feedback on Grammatical Accuracy of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Mahvan Ebrahimzade Mohammad Reza Khodareza -
Open Access Article
279 - The Effect of Explicit Instruction of Formulaic Sequences on Oral Proficiency Improvement of Young Iranian EFL Students
Yousef Bakhshizadeh Masoud Rahimi Domakani Maryam Rajaei -
Open Access Article
280 - Effects of Textually-Enhanced Reading Tasks and Strategic Pre-Task Planning on Learning English Passive Voice
Ali Shafaei -
Open Access Article
281 - Effect of Interventionist Computerized Dynamic Assessment on Learners’ Grammatical English Tenses: Analysis of Cake and Sandwich Formats
Alireza Mohammad beigi Seyed Reza Basirloo* akbar molaei saeed yazdani -
Open Access Article
282 - Collaborative Planned Form-focused Activities Vs Collaborative Incidental Form-focused Activities: Elementary EFL learners' grammar learning in focus
Mehrdad Eskandari Sedigheh Abbasnasab -
Open Access Article
283 - Effects of Form-focused, Meaning-focused, and Forms-focused Instruction on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Development of Collocations
Nasrin Dehghan Sayyed Omid Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
284 - Effects of Line Defect on Electronic Transport of Double Gate Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistors: a Simulation Study
Mohammad Bagher Nasrollahnejad Parviz Keshavarzi‎ -
Open Access Article
285 - Real Business Cycles Model with Habits Formation: A Resolution of the Equity Premium Puzzle
Seyed Fakhreddin FakhrhoseiniIn economic literature, habits formation has been succeed in reproducing some of the historical financial information and it can simplify the difficulties pertaining to simulating financial markets variables and business cycles. The aim in this paper is investigating pe MoreIn economic literature, habits formation has been succeed in reproducing some of the historical financial information and it can simplify the difficulties pertaining to simulating financial markets variables and business cycles. The aim in this paper is investigating performance of habits formation while inseparability between consumption and leisure. The data are related to the constant prices in 1383 and annually from 1966 to 2014. So, the variables were been detrended after taking logarithm of the variables by using Hodrick- Prescott filter. The final model equations have been specified around the linearized stabled situation through the Ohlig (1999) approach for linearized stochastic equations, in the form of a space-state model in Matlab programming. The results show that adding habits formation parameter can increase the Sharpe ratio or no risky asset fluctuations and inseparability between consumption and leisure can help explain the equity premium puzzle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Comparison of the verb part in dialect of “Feili Kurdish" and "Kalhori Kurdish" of southern Kurdish dialects
sakineh azadiKurdish is the language of millions of people on earth. Kermanji, Sorani (Southern Kermanji), Orami-Gorani and Southern Kurdish are the main dialects of Kurdish with several sub-dialects and accents. Southern Kurdish is the dialect of Kermanshah and Ilam regions. In Ker MoreKurdish is the language of millions of people on earth. Kermanji, Sorani (Southern Kermanji), Orami-Gorani and Southern Kurdish are the main dialects of Kurdish with several sub-dialects and accents. Southern Kurdish is the dialect of Kermanshah and Ilam regions. In Kermanshah, dialects exist such as Kalhori, Jafi, Orami, and etc. Ilami Kurdish (Fili Kurdish) is the common language of the inhabitants of Ilam province and parts of Iraq such as Mendali and Khaneqin. Kalhori, Khazli, Arkavazi, Malekshahi, etc. form the dialects of the inhabitants of Ilam province. In the present study, with the aim of discovering and identifying some of the grammatical rules of Ilami dialects, Kalhori dialect (Ivan city and parts of Shirvan and Chardavol) and Fili dialect were compared in terms of verb forms. The results show that there are many similarities in the grammatical rules of these dialects due to kinship, and at the same time, there are some differences in suffixes when the verbs are conjugated in the second and third person singular forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Linguistic study and description of 105 linguistic forms of Lori dialect in the central part of Rostam City
Mhammad Hadi Fallahi Yazdan DashtianRostam city is one of the cities of Fars province. With the exception of two villages in this city, the dialect of the rest of the people of the city, is Lori. The number of villages studied is 59 ones. The research method was a combination of field and descriptive meth MoreRostam city is one of the cities of Fars province. With the exception of two villages in this city, the dialect of the rest of the people of the city, is Lori. The number of villages studied is 59 ones. The research method was a combination of field and descriptive methods and linguistic materials were collected by guided collection method. The questionnaire of this research is based on the national project of Atlas language, which includes 105 words and phrases and 36 sentences. Data were transliterated after the interview using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Some words of this dialect are completely different from standard Persian, some have only a different pronunciation and some are completely the same. There are five types of syllables in this dialect, which are: cv, cvc, cvcc, ccv, ccvc. Also, in this dialect, vowel extension causes semantic differentiation in some cases. The order of adjectives, and nouns is the same as in Persian, except the ones in some cases, [e] are omitted. The plural sign in this dialect is [-æl], added to the end of the nouns. The definite article is / -æku / and / -ku / added to the end of the definite nouns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Inflectional Features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati Dialect (central part)
Jalal Rahimian Fatemeh KamgarThe present study aims at analyzing and describing inflectional features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati dialect (central part of Bavanat city). It is the first systematic study on this dialect. Our research method is descriptive one based on data collected through field MoreThe present study aims at analyzing and describing inflectional features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati dialect (central part of Bavanat city). It is the first systematic study on this dialect. Our research method is descriptive one based on data collected through field and library search. In this research, we have studied and analyzed the categories in terms of their structural as well as semantics features. The significant findings of the research are as follows: since the most common plural marker is /ǎ/, the speakers are often forced to apply different phonological processes to the nouns to make them pronounceable. The most common indefinite marker is "jej" whose equivalence in standard Persian is ‘jek’ ‘one’. Extra marker is frequently omitted in this dialect. The possessive pronouns are also structurally unique and the details of which are discussed in the paper. As far as the verb is concerned, second plural person-number marker, /-ik /, is quite different from that in standard Persian. In verbal negative forms, the prefix "mi-" is reduced to "m"; for instance the standard verbal form such as "ne-mi-ræv-æm" ‘I won’t go’ is changed into "næ-m-r-æm". Many other findings and specific features of the dialect are presented in conclusion section of the paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Numerical Study of Effective Parameters in the Deep Drawing Process of a Cylindrical Cup and Comparison with Experimental Results
Hamidreza Gharehchahi Mohammad Javad Kazemzadeh-Parsi Ahmad Afsari Mehrdad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
290 - Investigation of Mass Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process on Compressor Blades
Seyed Alireza Rasouli Davood NoriAttempts at research across various industries to achieve high-quality surfaces have led to the development of new finishing processes. Magnetic Abrasive Finishing is a novel technique where a magnetic field is employed to control an abrasive tool. Gas turbine compresso MoreAttempts at research across various industries to achieve high-quality surfaces have led to the development of new finishing processes. Magnetic Abrasive Finishing is a novel technique where a magnetic field is employed to control an abrasive tool. Gas turbine compressor blades are among the industrial components requiring high surface quality due to their exposed surfaces. The reduction in surface roughness on these components has a significant impact on the efficiency of motor turbines. This paper focuses on studying the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process parameters for the free surfaces of Titanium blades. Using a mass Magnetic Abrasive Finishing machine, the influence of powder weight, type of abrasive particles, and gap on the variation of surface roughness is investigated through statistical methods such as the response surface. The fabrication of the machine and determination of magnet polarity are carried out using Maxwell simulation software. The Factorial method is employed for experiment configuration. Mechanically alloyed powders produced by ball mills are used in this study. Results demonstrate that employing the magnetic abrasive method can reduce the surface roughness of the blade by up to 33%. The empirical model derived from regression analysis is utilized to predict the variation in surface roughness. Variance analysis of the experimental results indicates the significance of all studied parameters. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are employed for a qualitative evaluation of the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Survey and Study of Machinability for Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V through Chip Formation in Milling Process
Hassan Gheisari Ebrahim Karamian -
Open Access Article
292 - Investigation of Springback Angle in Single Point Incremental Forming Process on Explosive Welded Cu/St/Cu Multilaye
Mohammad Honarpisheh Mohammad Reza Ebrahimi Hadi Mansouri -
Open Access Article
293 - Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Significant Parameters on Strength of Electromagnetically Assembled Products Joints
Mehdi Zohour Bahman Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
294 - Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Significant Parameters on Strength of Electromagnetically Assembled Aluminum Tube Joints
Mehdi Zohoor Bahman Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
295 - A Study on the Forming of Sheet Metal Parts Using Multi-Point Forming Technology
Vahid Rikhtehgar Nezami Behrooz Zareh Abbas Vafaee Sefat -
Open Access Article
296 - Scheduling Problem of Virtual Cellular Manufacturing Systems (VCMS); Using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm based Heuristics
Saeed Taouji Hassanpour Reza Bashirzadeh Abolfazl Adressi Behnam Bahmankhah -
Open Access Article
297 - Investigating the impact of information display formats, visual illusion and emotions in decision making
mansour garkaz mohamadreza tat mohamadreza abdolyDecision making is an important and vital part of accounting and auditing systems. Considerable attention has been drawn to the variables affecting people's decisions. These variables are in a spectrum from physiological variables to psychological variables. Therefore, MoreDecision making is an important and vital part of accounting and auditing systems. Considerable attention has been drawn to the variables affecting people's decisions. These variables are in a spectrum from physiological variables to psychological variables. Therefore, in this research, the effect of information display format and visual illusion, as well as the effect of different emotions on people's decision-making behavior, were investigated. This research is descriptive and semi-experimental. The method of data analysis is analysis of variance and its statistical population is graduate students in the field of accounting. The results of this study show that different formats of information display are effective in people's decision-making behavior, the information presented in the form of a table, leaving aside the presence or absence of location problems that belong to the readers of financial information, leads to They make more accurate decisions. Also, the financial information displayed in the form of 3D graphics without grid lines creates a visual illusion and leads to bias in the decision of financial information readers. Also, the findings of this research show that the decision-making of students who had normal feelings was less opportunistic than students who had unusual feelings (happy/sad). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Algebraic Ricatti matrix equation and its application in structural mechanics
Mefdi nouriIn this paper the algebraic Riccati matrix equation is used for eigen-decomposition of per-symmetric matrices. This is achieved by similarity transformation and using the algebraic Riccati matrix equation. The process is the decomposition of matrices into small and spec MoreIn this paper the algebraic Riccati matrix equation is used for eigen-decomposition of per-symmetric matrices. This is achieved by similarity transformation and using the algebraic Riccati matrix equation. The process is the decomposition of matrices into small and specially structured sub-matrices with low dimensions for easy finding of eigenpairs. Example show the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Optimum Selection of Drill Bits for Drilling Operations in Sarvak and Asmari Formations Using a Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Approach
آرش ابراهیم آبادی سیاوش مرادی -
Open Access Article
300 - The Study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Cronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from infant formula and baby food types
Samira abbasi bafetrat Mohammad Goli Hasan MomtazCronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order MoreCronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order to detect microbiological and molecular contamination by Cronobacter sakazakii and study antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates. Two hundred samples of infant formula and baby food from deferent brands were collected and after microbial detection, bacteria’s isolates were detected, using PCR method. Then antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion method. Three samples from total 100 baby food (3%) and 5 samples from total 100 infant formula (5%) had Cronobacter sakazaki infection. A, B and C brands from infant formula and A, D brands from baby food were contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii. B and C brands from infant formula (10% each of them) and A brand from baby food (8%) were infected with Cronobacter sakazakii. Isolates from Cronobacter sakazakii which isolate from infant formula and baby food demonstrated most Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (20.38), meropenem (19.83) and imipenem (19.63) and most resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, tigecycline, ticarcillin, aztreonam and ceftazidime. Careful inspection on the raw material quality of infant formula and baby food as well as, exact supervision on production procedure, sanitation in addition to use natural antimicrobial can reduce Prevalence rate of this bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Study of coliform bacteria contamination of ice factory in urmia city
Nahid Navidjoy Anahita Dehghani Farshad Bahrami Jafar Ghasemi Sima Karim ZadehThe important of transmission of pathogens through ice is not less than transmission it through the water. The cause's ice contamination is contaminated water, unhealthy ways of transit, distribution and inappropriate keeping conditions. In this cross-sectional study, a MoreThe important of transmission of pathogens through ice is not less than transmission it through the water. The cause's ice contamination is contaminated water, unhealthy ways of transit, distribution and inappropriate keeping conditions. In this cross-sectional study, a total sample of 36 from four factories, ice storage of Urmia City is selected randomly from 3 parts of feed water, production process and ice output in the summer. The samples are investigated from the view of total coli form and fecal coli form. The health condition of factories and the method of chlorination of water resources are assessed by check list. The results showed that, 50 percent of the samples of raw feed water to ice maker factories and the product process more than standard and 16.67% from them contaminated with fecal coli form. And in ice output 58.33% and 8.33%. The survey about health condition of factories showed that, 75% factories in order to buildings position and personal health, 56.2% with tools and 25% by chlorination in were appropriate situation, but the method preservation and storage of all factories were inappropriate from the view of health. The survey results showed that, lack of water chlorination to ice maker factories is the main factor of bacterial contamination of ice production. Therefore, authorities should pay more attention on microbiological health conditions of ice including microbiological investigation and supervision on production process distribution and transit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Evaluation of the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in infant formula and foods containing formula
Beigom Omidi Shila Safaian Nahid RahimiFard Rezvan Mosavi Nadoshen Babak PorakbariThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality c MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality control laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and cultured on the special culture medium of Bacillus cereus, MYP, which contained polymyxin B supplement and egg yolk. Then, from the pink colonies, gram staining and catalase test were performed and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, cefazolin, methicillin, cefixime, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, cefepime and tetracycline was evaluated based on the disc diffusion method. According to the results, no contamination with B. cereus was observed in any of the cake, cheese and ice cream samples. However, out of 150 infant formula samples, 30 samples were infected with B. cereus (18 samples < 10 CFU/g, 7 samples had 10-102 CFU/g, and 5 samples>102 CFU/g). B. cereus isolated from infant formula has the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (67.76%), tetracycline (70%), and chloramphenicol (33.63%) antibiotics and had the highest level of resistance to penicillin (100%), cefixime antibiotics (100%) and ampicillin (67.96%). The general results indicated a significant prevalence of B. cereus in the tested milk, which due to the growing trend of using milk powder and more importance to the quality and health evaluation of milk powders for consumption, contamination investigation and preventive approaches should be given more attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - مطالعه فلور منطقه قیصری استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با 179 گونه گیاه دارویی
حمزه علی شیرمردی اصغر شاهرخی حسین محمدی نجف آبادی محمود طالبیمقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آن­ها از Moreمقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آن­ها از جنبه در خطر انقراض بودن و معرفی منطقه به عنوان یکی از کلیدی ترین مناطق از نظر اولویت حفاظتی انجام شد.روش بررسی: برای بررسی پوشش گیاهی با گذر از کلیه راه­های قابل عبور و صعود به ارتفاعات و انجام گشت های متعدد در محدوده منطقه، در فصل رویش (اردیبهشت تا مهر) در سال 1388 نمونه های گیاهی جمع آوری، پرس و با استفاده از فلورها و کتب مرجع و متخصصان علم گیاهشناسی، نام علمی آن­ها تعیین شد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی گونه های دارویی منطقه از اطلاعات اهالی منطقه و منابع موجود در زمینه گیاهان دارویی، برای تعیین گونه های نادر و در حال انقراض منطقه از معیارهای استاندارد استفاده شده است.نتایج و بحث: به طور کلی در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعداد 65 خانواده با 301 جنس و 487 گونه وجود دارد. از بین 487 گونه ذکر شده در منطقه حدود 179 گونه آن (یعنی حدود 76/36% گونه ها) دارویی هستند. نام این گونه ها در منابع و متون معتبر گیاهان دارویی کشور به ثبت رسیده و یا این­ که به طور سنتی اهالی منطقه و یا استان، آن­ها را جهت مصارف گوناگون دارویی و موارد مشابه به کار می گیرند. 86 گونه در خطر انقراض در این منطقه شناسایی شد که همه آن­ها متعلق به ایران- تورانی می­باشد. از 86 گونه فوق، 67 گونه در طبقه کمتر در خطر، 3 گونه در طبقه آسیب پذیر، 2 گونه در طبقه در معرض خطر و 14 گونه اطلاعات در باره آن­ها ناکافی است. از 86 گونه در خطر انقراض، 33 گونه آن به نوعی دارویی می باشند که از این 33 عدد، 25 گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با خطر کمتر، پنج گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با کمبود اطلاعات، یک گونه آن از گونه های آسیب پذیر و دو گونه آن متعلق به گونه های در معرض خطر می باشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به تنوع زیاد منطقه و هم­چنین حضور گونه های در خطر انقراض و دارویی، مدیریت صحیح منطقه خصوصاً مدیریت چرای دام امری ضروری به نظر رسیده و منطقه مورد نظر میبایستی در اولویت حفاظت دستگاه­های مسئول قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Steam reforming of propane over Ni-K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst in fluidized- and fixed-bed reactors under low steam to propane ratio
Mir Mohammad Motiee Golshan Mazloom Seyed Mehdi Alavi -
Open Access Article
305 - Nano-Fe3O4 as a heterogeneous recyclable magnetically separable catalyst for synthesis of nitrogen fused imidazoheterocycles via double C-N bond formation
Bhikan Khairnar Dhananjay Mane Murlidhar Shingare Bhata Chaudhari -
Open Access Article
306 - حل مسایل بهینه سازی کنترلی با استفاده از چندجمله ایهای چبیشف انتقال یافته
هاجر علیمراددر این مقاله یک روش جدید و کارآمد برای حل مسایل کنترل بهینه درجه دوم ارائه می شود. برای حل این مساله یک ماتریس چبیشف انتقال یافته به کار گرفته می شود. در این روش ، مساله کنترل بهینه به مساله برنامه نویسی غیر خطی تبدیل می شود که به راحتی قابل حل است.مساله برنامه نویسی غی Moreدر این مقاله یک روش جدید و کارآمد برای حل مسایل کنترل بهینه درجه دوم ارائه می شود. برای حل این مساله یک ماتریس چبیشف انتقال یافته به کار گرفته می شود. در این روش ، مساله کنترل بهینه به مساله برنامه نویسی غیر خطی تبدیل می شود که به راحتی قابل حل است.مساله برنامه نویسی غیر خطی مربوطه با استفاده از نرم افزار متلب برای یافتن ضرایب مجهول مربوط به راه حل تقریبی، حل خواهد شد. برای مقایسه این روش جدید با روشهای دیگر، مثالهای عددی نیز آورده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - A BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR THIRD-ORDER INITIAL OR BOUNDARY VALUES PROBLEMS USING COLLOCATION METHOD
GAFAR TIAMIYU Abosede COLE KHADEEJAH AUDU -
Open Access Article
308 - Physical Form of Calf Starter: Applied Metabolic and Performance Insights
A. Nikkhah M. Alimirzaei -
Open Access Article
309 - Physical Form of Concentrate for Lactating Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats: Feed Intake and Sorting, Milk Production, and Blood Metabolites
M.H. Khabbazan H. Amanlou D. Zahmatkesh E. Mahjoubi A. Nikkhah -
Open Access Article
310 - Effect of Acid Precipitations on Formed Soils Infiltration in Gachsaran formation
hamzah saeediyanEach soil mass is composed of solid grains with different sizes and empty spaces that allow empty spaces to be moved to water from a high-energy point to a lower-energy point, which creates the permeability of the soil. In this study, in order to determine the most impo MoreEach soil mass is composed of solid grains with different sizes and empty spaces that allow empty spaces to be moved to water from a high-energy point to a lower-energy point, which creates the permeability of the soil. In this study, in order to determine the most important factors affecting soil permeability, compared to acidic rainfall in the slope main aspects of Gachsaran formation, a part of the gypsum mountain basin of Izeh City with an area of 1202 hectares was selected. This study, In order to determine the relationship between the infiltration rate by rainfall simulator with some soil physical and chemical properties such as percentage of gravel, clay, silt, sand, acidity, electrical conductivity, moisture, calcium carbonate, and organic matter and sodium were performed in different slopes of Gachsaran formation. The most important factors influencing the penetration rate were identified by multivariate regression. The regression models showed that generally, in all slope main aspects in Gachsaran formation in rainfall with distilled water, the chemical characteristics of the most important role in increasing and decreasing the permeability and in precipitation with the acidity 5, the chemical characteristics of the soil are the most important role in increasing and decreasing the level of permeability, but with increasing the concentration of acidity to 4, the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil have an equal role in increasing and decreasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Residential Tower Design with Solar Energy Approach in 22 District of Tehran
Afshin Ghorbaniparam alireza jpiry mohammadreza GhorbaniparamToday, with the expansion of cities and migration to metropolises, the needs and problems of urbanization are changing day by day. With the increase of the population and their needs, and the transformation of villas into towers and skyscrapers, and due to the multiplic MoreToday, with the expansion of cities and migration to metropolises, the needs and problems of urbanization are changing day by day. With the increase of the population and their needs, and the transformation of villas into towers and skyscrapers, and due to the multiplicity of units and floors, social interactions in them are distorted and the use of electricity and fossil fuels has increased on the one hand all over the world, due to the existence of problems Because of the excessive consumption of energy and its high economic costs, the use of renewable energy from the sun has become very important to reduce energy consumption.The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a residential tower with solar energy approach in the 22nd district of Tehran. In terms of purpose, it is practical, in terms of analytical descriptive nature, and in terms of data, it is quantitative and qualitative, and energy modeling (simulation) is used. Data collection was done by library and field methods. The results of the current research show energy saving according to the orientation of the building, the volume and overall shape of the building, the placement of internal spaces, the walls of the passage net, shade, the use of the second shell and performing energy calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Effects of Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) on Nepeta cataria and Salvia sclarea In Vitro culture
Hekmat A likhani Mehrjardi Parissa Jonoubi Ahmad Majd Reza Haji Hosseini -
Open Access Article
313 - Ranking of Urban Neighborhoods in the Enjoyment of Walkability Index (Case Study: Neighborhoods of 1th District of Rasht)
Mahin Nastaran Shadie MohammadiOne of the major challenges in recent years attracted the attention of urban planners and urban designers and researchers in medical science, is the public health community. The increasing importance of intensifying health problem in urban areas, led to scientific circl MoreOne of the major challenges in recent years attracted the attention of urban planners and urban designers and researchers in medical science, is the public health community. The increasing importance of intensifying health problem in urban areas, led to scientific circles, on role of designing of physical aspects of the environment is provided, on the walkability and physical activity. In this case, the scientists agreed that the physical structure of urban sprawl, encouraging more car use, walking and other physical. In this regard, a review of previous studies on the relationship between urban form and mobility, factors influencing urban form in the context of walking, were studied and seven indexes, household density, diversity, connectivity, proximity, block size, sidewalk, Retail Floor Area Ratio (FAR), using Geographic information system (GIS) and software space syntax analysis (Depth map) were measured. Results of Initial analysis of objective walkability indicators, main goal of this study, ranking of neighborhoods, in 1th region's of Rasht city, in terms of the overall index were obtained. According to the results, ability to walk of neighborhoods reduced by distance from the city center to the border areas, and this index is at the lowest level in rural-urban neighborhoods of suburban. Also according to the urban form, neighborhoods with initial design and texture orderly, are at the higher levels of the index Compare to traditional organic and rural organic neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - The possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of surface, rill and Gully erosions by Geographic Information System (GIS)
Ali Torkashvand MohammadiThe possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of different water erosion types was investigated in the downstream of Latin dam. The real maps of land units in each surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features were provided an MoreThe possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of different water erosion types was investigated in the downstream of Latin dam. The real maps of land units in each surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features were provided and the digitized layers of each along with crossed land units were given, the rate of accuracy, error, and precision of this layer as a model in estimating each of erosion types were computed. Results showed that the accuracy of land units in providing surface, rill, gully maps of erosions, and erosion features is 66.1, 66.6, 82.0 and 53.0 percent respectively. This map has a low accuracy in providing map of erosion features; therefore, it cannot be used in preparing map of erosion types as the map of working units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - توسعه تشکیل اتصال پیوند و مشاهدات بافت شناسی در کاکتوس تحت تاثیر بنزیل آدنین، روش پیوند و پایه
نجمه کمال زاده سید مهدی میری نوشین قاضی جهانیارقام جذاب و رنگارنگی از کاکتوس توسعه پیدا کرده اند که عمدتا از طریق پیوند تکثیر می­شوند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فرایند بافت شناسی در طی تشکیل اتصال پیوند در کاکتوس Gymnocalycium تحت تأثیر کاربرد BA (بنزیل آدنین)، روش پیوند و پایه بود. ابتدا بخش انتهایی پیوندک­ Moreارقام جذاب و رنگارنگی از کاکتوس توسعه پیدا کرده اند که عمدتا از طریق پیوند تکثیر می­شوند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فرایند بافت شناسی در طی تشکیل اتصال پیوند در کاکتوس Gymnocalycium تحت تأثیر کاربرد BA (بنزیل آدنین)، روش پیوند و پایه بود. ابتدا بخش انتهایی پیوندک­ها و بالایی پایه­ها در غلظت­های 0، 100 و 500 میلی­گرم در لیتر محلول BA به مدت 10 ثانیه غوطه­ور شدند، سپس پیوندک­ها به روش افقی یا گوه­ای روی پایه­های Lemaireocereus marginatus و Myrtillocactus geometrizans پیوند زده شدند. برش­های طولی از محل پیوند بطور هفتگی برای مشاهده روند تشکیل پیوند تهیه شد. پایه­ها تاثیر معنی­داری در موفقیت پیوند و رشد پیوندک نداشتند، در حالی که میزان موفقیت پیوند درGymnocalycium هایی که بطور افقی پیوند شده بودند بهتر بود. میزان گیرایی پیوند و رشد پیوندک با استفاده از BA در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش یافت و بهترین نتیجه با تیمار سطح پیوندک و پایه با 100 میلی گرم در لیتر BA بدست آمد. مشاهدات بافت­شناسی نشان داد که فرآیند اتصال پیوند شامل توسعه یک لایه نکروز نازک، تشکیل کالوس در خط اتصال پیوند، تمایز کامبیوم و آغازش عناصر آوندی جدید، توسعه بافت آوندی جدید و اتصال دسته های آوندی پیوندک و پایه می­باشد. BA باعث تکثیر سریع بافت کالوس بین پیوندک و پایه و همچنین تمایز عناصر آوندی گردید. روش پیوند افقی و استفاده از BA (100 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر روی سطوح برش خورده پیوندک و پایه به­عنوان یک روش آسان و قابل اعتماد برای اتصال پیوند موفق در کاکتوسGymnocalycium پیشنهاد می­گردد که ممکن است در تولید تجاری سایر گونه­های کاکتوس نیز استفاده بالقوه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Measuring Socioeconomic Status of Rural Households in Edo State, Nigeria: An Asset-Based Approach
Eddy Onemolease A.O Akioya -
Open Access Article
317 - A comparative study of the attitudes of two generations of a family( Case Study:The boys 20 to 30 years in Shushtar and fathers)
Yousef Amini Mohammad Amini Mostafa MahmoudiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative attitudes of fathers and sons from the family (marriage and childbearing) is. This research uses a scrolling method and is a type of comparison between groups. The statistical population is the 20-30 year old b MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative attitudes of fathers and sons from the family (marriage and childbearing) is. This research uses a scrolling method and is a type of comparison between groups. The statistical population is the 20-30 year old boys from Shushtar and their fathers. The sample size was 280 people (140 boys and 140 fathers). The method of random sampling is simple and the data collection technique is a questionnaire with interviews. After reviewing the literature on theories of marriage, views and attitudes of a generation gap with the help of the previous findings, the research questions were based on assumptions. The data point to a rise in the age of marriage of both sexes. At all levels, there was a significant difference between the views of fathers and boys on the age of marriage. There was a significant difference between the views of boys on the proper age of marriage by ethnicity and religious orientation. This difference was observed in the group of fathers. Both fathers and boys emphasize the sexual composition of children in more than two children over the dominant male composition. Parents are more interested in feminine religious and ethnic identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Study of the social factors affecting religiousness, Case Study: Youth in Tehran
عبدالرضا ادهمی سعید کشانیThe present research is an attempt to study the social factors affecting the youth religiosity. Based on theories of symbolic social interaction and role taking, a theoretical relation was established among research variables and the research theories were put forth. Th MoreThe present research is an attempt to study the social factors affecting the youth religiosity. Based on theories of symbolic social interaction and role taking, a theoretical relation was established among research variables and the research theories were put forth. The statistical populations of this research were the youth of Tehran. Using the sampling formula of Cochran, 400 people were selected as the sample volume and the multi-stage clustering sampling method was considered as a suitable method for this research. In order to measure religiosity, emphasizing on theoretical framework and previous researches, a more creditable standard was employed which had already been employed many times in the researches inside and outside the country. In measuring this concept, the standard of Gluck and Stark's standard in four (belief, emotional, consequences and ritual) dimensions were used. The research independent variables were defined and indexed after reviewing the related research with an emphasize on theoretical aspects and using the reliability and validity tests, they were measured and standardized. All research theories indicating a relationship between religiosity and its affecting factors (religious formal teaching, religious informal teachings, family, friends, social capital, media, age, gender, education and marital status) were confirmed. The findings also show that the ritual, belief, emotional and consequence dimensions had the greatest correlative relation with the research independent variables. On the other hand, formal education, religious friends, religious family, informal teaching, media, age and social capital had the greatest rate of correlation with different religiosity dimensions. The type of relationship among these variables with religiosity are mainly positive and at the level of average to strong. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - شناسایی استراتژیهای توسعهی پایدار محصول برنج استان گیلان با استفاده از ماتریس SWOT
محسن شفیعیان اصطهباناتی مهدی همایونفر مهدی فداییتوسعه پایدار یکی از مهمترین مسائلی است که میتواند از جنبههای مختلف و در زمینههای مختلف از جمله کشاورزی پایدار مورد بررسی قرارگیرد. این تحقیق در رابطه با شناسایی مهمترین استراتژیهای توسعهی پایدار محصول برنج به عنوان مهمترین محصول کشاورزی استان گیلان با استفاده از Moreتوسعه پایدار یکی از مهمترین مسائلی است که میتواند از جنبههای مختلف و در زمینههای مختلف از جمله کشاورزی پایدار مورد بررسی قرارگیرد. این تحقیق در رابطه با شناسایی مهمترین استراتژیهای توسعهی پایدار محصول برنج به عنوان مهمترین محصول کشاورزی استان گیلان با استفاده از ماتریس SWOT میباشد. بدین منظور، ابتدا با مطالعهی ادبیات پژوهش عوامل داخلی (نقاط قوت و ضعف) و خارجی (فرصتها و تهدادها) تأثیرگذار بر توسعهی محصول برنج شناسایی شدند. سپس، پرسشنامهای شامل فهرستی از نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصتها و تهدیدهای پیشروی محصول برنج با استفاده از شاخصهای به­دست آمده از مرور ادبیات و همچنین نظرات خبرگان تنظیم شد. در ادامه از خبرگان خواسته شد تا با استفاده از طیف لیکرت (پنج سطحی) نسبت به وزندهی عوامل نهایی تأیید شده، مبادرت ورزند. در ادامه با محاسبه مجموع امتیازات، میانگین وزنها و نهایتاً ضریب وزنی، اهمیت هر کدام از عوامل مشخص گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، مجموع امتیاز وزندار محصول برنج استان گیلان در ماتریس عوامل خارجی برابر با 14/2 و در ماتریس عوامل داخلی 24/2 می باشد، که این امتیازات نشانگر شرایط نه چندان مطلوب محصول برنج از نظر عوامل داخلی و خارجی در استان گیلان میباشد. در آخر نیز جهت کاهش یا دفع نقاط ضعف و تهدیدها و نیز بهبود و تقویت نقاط قوت و فرصت­های پیشروی محصول برنج استان گیلان، استراتژیهای مناسبی جهت توسعهی پایدار این محصول ارائه گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of The Tarbur Formation In Kherameh Area (Southeast Of Shiraz)
Masih Afghah Elham Yousefzadeh -
Open Access Article
321 - Qualitative and quantitative study of the microfacies of the Sarvak Formation Kuh-e Khane-Kat and Kuh-e Shah-Neshin Sections in Fars province
Masih Afghah Mohammadsadeg Dehghanian -
Open Access Article
322 - Study of microfacies of the Kazhdomi Formation in northeast of Shiraz (Ab Chego mountain)
Masih Afghah Roya Fanati Rashidi -
Open Access Article
323 - Petro physical evaluation of in the one ofoil wells Abadan plain hydrocarbon basin
Naser Ebadati Mohammad Zarbalizadeh -
Open Access Article
324 - The study of microfacies and sedimentary environments of the Kazhdumi Formation northeast of Shiraz
Masih Afghah Ahmad Motamed Sara Shokrollahi Allaf -
Open Access Article
325 - Study of reservoir potential limiting factors of the Mishan Formation in the west of Fars
Alireza Rastegar Lari -
Open Access Article
326 - Engineering geology and engineering classification of rock masses in the site of Gharehpiri dam, NW of Shiraz
Godratolah Farhoudi Jafar Rahnamarad Ali Rahimi Babak Samani Afshin Karimi -
Open Access Article
327 - Calculating the drilling mud weight window and geomechanical properties of Darian limestone formation in Reshadat oil field
Naser Ebadati Mohammad Najari -
Open Access Article
328 - Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to Predict Geomechanical Properties of Asmari Limestones
Mahdi Razifard Mashallah Khamechiyan Mohammad Reza Amin‐Naseri -
Open Access Article
329 - Stratigraphy of lower part of Amiran Formation in N.W and S.E of Khorramabad
Khosro Khosrotehrani Ahmad Abyat Masih Afghah -
Open Access Article
330 - Silurian undersea basalts in VMS mineralization in the North-East of Shahrood
Abodelreza Jafarian -
Open Access Article
331 - Investigation of microfacies and sedimentary environments of Qom Formation in the south of Saveh
Somayeh Zare Mir reza Mosavi Mohssen Al-Ali -
Open Access Article
332 - Palynology and paleoenvironmental study of the Kalat Formation in the east of the Kopet – Dagh sedimentary basin
Mohsen Allameh Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad Abdollah Saeidi -
Open Access Article
333 - Engineering geological assessment of the Shahid dam site (Semirom, Iran)
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Fariba Kargaran bafghi Seyed Mehdi Moosavi Nima Rahimi -
Open Access Article
334 - Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of Tarbur Formation in Dorahan area, (east Lordegan)
Mir Hassan Moosavi Borzo Asgari Pirbaloti -
Open Access Article
335 - Environmental interpretation and sequence stratigraphy of the Nazarkardeh Formation (Anisian) in Aghdarband area, NE Iran
Mohammad Javanbakht Reza Moussavi Harami Asadollah Mahboubi Ehsan Sharifi -
Open Access Article
336 - Variscite occurrence in Kushk deposit, Bafg (Yazd Province)
Shahrzad Sherafat Esmat Mohammady Nasab Mohammadali Mackizadeh Mahnaz Khodami -
Open Access Article
337 - Biostratigraphy of the sediments of Talezang Formation in southwestern Lorestan
Mehdi Safdari -
Open Access Article
338 - Microbiostratigraphy of the Taleh-Zang Formation, Lorestan Basin
Iraj Maghfouri Moghadam -
Open Access Article
339 - Depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Fahliyan Formation: surface sections of Bidkhon and Khartang and subsurface sections of Nar-2 and west Aghar
Sara Maleki Khosro Khosrowtehrani Hossein Asilian Yagob Lasemi -
Open Access Article
340 - Microbiostratigraphy study of Kazhdumi and Sarvak Formations in north and north- east Shiraz
Vahid Ahmadi Khosro Khosrowtehrani Masih Afghah -
Open Access Article
341 - Nannostratigraphy of Gurpi Formation in Dare- Shahr Section (SE Ilam)
فاطمه هادوی Mohammad mehdi Rasa Ezadi -
Open Access Article
342 - Mahalanobis-Taguchi System-based criteria selection for strategy formulation: a case in a training institution
Seyed Ali Hadighi Navid Sahebjamnia Iraj Mahdavi Hadi Asadollahpour Hosna Shafieian -
Open Access Article
343 - Robust optimization of a mathematical model to design a dynamic cell formation problem considering labor utilization
Moghadaseh Vafaeinezhad Reza Kia Parisa Shahnazari-Shahrezaei -
Open Access Article
344 - Development of a cell formation heuristic by considering realistic data using principal component analysis and Taguchi’s method
Shailendra Kumar Rajiv Kumar Sharma -
Open Access Article
345 - Developing a cellular manufacturing model considering the alternative routes, tool assignment, and machine reliability
Sayyed Mahdi Sadat Khorasgani Mahdi Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
346 - Constrained consumable resource allocation in alternative stochastic networks via multi-objective decision making
Seyed Saeid Hashemin Seyed Mohammad Taghi Fatemi Ghomi -
Open Access Article
347 - A multi-objective model for designing a group layout of a dynamic cellular manufacturing system
Reza Kia Hossein Shirazi Nikbakhsh Javadian Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
348 - A genetic algorithm for a bi-objective mathematical model for dynamic virtual cell formation problem
Mostafa Moradgholi Mohammad Mahdi Paydar Iraj Mahdavi Javid Jouzdani -
Open Access Article
349 - A stochastic model for the cell formation problem considering machine reliability
Bahman Esmailnezhad Parviz Fattahi Amir Saman Kheirkhah -
Open Access Article
350 - A hybrid method to find cumulative distribution function of completion time of GERT networks
S.S Hashemin S.M.T Fatemi Ghomi -
Open Access Article
351 - A generalized implicit enumeration algorithm for a class of integer nonlinear programming problems
M.S Sabbagh M Roshanjooy -
Open Access Article
352 - Comparison of the performances of neural networks specification, the Translog and the Fourier flexible forms when different production technologies are used
R Feki -
Open Access Article
353 - A multi agent method for cell formation with uncertain situation, based on information theory
N Javid A Makui -
Open Access Article
354 - An improved particle swarm optimization with a new swap operator for team formation problem
Walaa H. El-Ashmawi Ahmed F . Ali Mohamed A. Tawhid -
Open Access Article
355 - Stability Analysis Of 3-d Conventional Pallet Rack Structures With Semi-rigid Connections
Kamal M. Bajoria Keshav K. Sangle Rajshekar S. Talicotti -
Open Access Article
356 - Identity and Foreign Policy
Ebrahim Anoosheh -
Open Access Article
357 - Determination of trace amount of Atrazine in aqueous samples by in situ solvent formation microextraction method using green solvents (ionic liquids) and high performance liquid chromatography
Mehdi Hosseini Mahdieh Chegeni vahid azizkhaniA rapid, precise and sensitive method derivate from homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction method namely in situ solvent formation microextraction using ionic liquids as green solvent and extractant phase to the analysis of trace amount of Atrazine in real water samp MoreA rapid, precise and sensitive method derivate from homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction method namely in situ solvent formation microextraction using ionic liquids as green solvent and extractant phase to the analysis of trace amount of Atrazine in real water samples has been used. Here, the extractant phase, is a solvent from ionic liquids family namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Emim][Cl] that is miscible in water and after interaction with analyte and adding of counter ion of Hexafluorophosphate [PF6-], convert to the immiscible ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Emim][PF6]. Initially and during extraction of analyte from aqueous phase, because to absence any common boundary between aqueous and organic phase, the extraction efficiency will be maximum. After extraction process, to separation of two phases apart and determination amount of extracted analyte, due to formation of immiscible ionic liquid in water, separation of phases it become possible. Effect of different analytical parameters on extraction efficiency such as sample solution pH containing analyte, ionic liquid amount, extraction time and counter ion amount were evaluated and optimum amount were determined. Characteristics of the method such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), relative standard deviation (RSD) and linear dynamic range (LDR) were 1.78 µgL-1, 6.1 µgL-1, 12.3 ppt and 5-1500 µgL-1, respectively. The method was used successfully to extraction and determination of Atrazine in several real water samples. Determination of Atrazine amount was carried out by sensitive high performance liquid chromatography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of ethane and propane gas hydrates using a direct and fast empirical method
Akbar Irandoukht hosein BrijanianIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 &d MoreIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 °C were experimentally determined. Comparison of the obtained data for ethane hydrate pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and also to those predicted by AQUAlibrium software showed the average absolute deviation percent of 4.56, 4.79, and 3.27, respectively. In addition, comparison of the obtained data for propane hydrae pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and HWU software, showed the average absolute deviation percent of 10.17, and 13.31, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Amide bond formation by applying thermal shock and rapid identification of the products using ion mobility spectrometry
farshad mirzaee valadi Hamed Bahrami Manijeh TozihiThe amide bond constitutes the skeleton of biologically significant peptides and proteins. The amide group exists in many pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, the development of an efficient amidation method continues to be an essential scientific pursuit. In this research, MoreThe amide bond constitutes the skeleton of biologically significant peptides and proteins. The amide group exists in many pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, the development of an efficient amidation method continues to be an essential scientific pursuit. In this research, a simple method was introduced for the direct and solvent-free formation of amides, and also for real-time product identification. At first, the ion mobility spectrum of perindopril erbumine salt was obtained, and the ionic species resulting from evaporation and ionization of this salt in corona discharge were identified. Subsequently, the formation of a product ion having heavier mass than protonated perindopril was demonstrated by applying thermal shock at 400 °C to perindopril erbumine salt. The variation of the intensities of the peaks in the ion mobility spectra over the elapsed time, and also predicting the mass of the ionic species were examined to determine the nature of the newly formed product. Through the method described in this article the new product was identified to be an amide compound. The efficiency of the two-reference method for applying the mass-mobility correlation equation to predict the masses of ion species in the ion mobility spectrometry was demonstrated. The results of this study showed that applying thermal shock to perindopril erbumine in addition to degradation of the sample can cause to create new products through the formation of amide bond. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Survey of Integrated and Non-Integrated Formulae on Suspended Sediment Load; Case Study: Soolegan River, North Karoon Basin, Iran
N Sedaei A Kavian -
Open Access Article
361 - Summative and Formative Feedback and Gender: A Study of EFL Learners’ Speaking Performance
Khodaverdi Alizadeh Nasser Ghafoori Touran AhourThere has been a long literature on the linguistic differences found in the language men and women speak, but there have not been enough discussions about the reasons why such differences exist. To recognize some major differences a study of feedback could be suggested. MoreThere has been a long literature on the linguistic differences found in the language men and women speak, but there have not been enough discussions about the reasons why such differences exist. To recognize some major differences a study of feedback could be suggested. In EFL classes feedback is very important specially to enhance speaking proficiency of the learners, but it seems that this has not been investigated properly in foreign language teaching context in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the Iranian EFL learners’ quality of performance across genders. This study examined the use of formative and summative feedback among 80 female and male EFL learners in a language institute in Tabriz, Iran in 2019 employing a quasi-experimental method. Because a pre-test and post-test method were applied to two groups of students to investigate the results of the feedbacks, an independent t-test and a double test method were used to analyze the amount of effectiveness of each of the feedback methods under investigations among genders and also a one-way variance analysis has been administered using SPSS22 software. Results of this study showed that both genders have had a fairly close results regarding the performance quality of speaking among EFL students in Iran. Considering the results, it can be suggested that both male and female students can have equal achievements in learning English considering their performances in speaking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - No Negotiation, Limited Negotiation, and Extended Negotiation in Proactive Focus on Form in Vocabulary Acquisition
Parviz Maftoon Bahram Bagheri -
Open Access Article
363 - مطالعه ی تطبیقی از جابجایی درترجمه های انگلیسی گلستان سعدی: مطالعه موردی ترجمه تکستون و ریهاتسک
Niloofar Nakisaei Azadeh Nemati Samad Mirza Suzaniاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی جابجایی در ترجمه های انگلیسی گلستان سعدی انجام شد. به این منظور از طرح روشهای مختلط استفاده شد. مطالب این پژوهش شامل 20 شعر و 20 نثر از گلستان سعدی به همراه ترجمههای انگلیسی آنها توسط تکستون (2008) و ریهاتسک (2010) بود. برای جمع آوری داده ها ، ا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی جابجایی در ترجمه های انگلیسی گلستان سعدی انجام شد. به این منظور از طرح روشهای مختلط استفاده شد. مطالب این پژوهش شامل 20 شعر و 20 نثر از گلستان سعدی به همراه ترجمههای انگلیسی آنها توسط تکستون (2008) و ریهاتسک (2010) بود. برای جمع آوری داده ها ، ابتدا محقق و یک مترجم باتجربه ترجمه ها را به دقت مورد بررسی قرار دادند تا موارد جابجایی را شناسایی کنند. سپس، موارد شناسایی شده جابجایی بر اساس چارچوب ویتلسی (2012) طبقه بندی شدند. در مرحله بعد، فراوانی و درصد انواع مختلف جابجایی محاسبه شد. سرانجام ، آزمونخی دوبرای بررسی تفاوت بین این دو ترجمه از نظر جابجایی شکل و محتوا انجام شد .نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به ترتیب 10 و 14 مورد جابجایی شکل در ترجمه هایریهاتسک وتکستونرا نشان داد. جابجایی محتوا، 30 مورد در ترجمه ریهاتسکو 26 مورد در ترجمه تکستوننیز صورت گرفته است. تکستون شکل را بیشتر از محتوا و ریهاتسک محتوا را بیشتر از شکل در ترجمه انگلیسی گلستان سعدی جابجا کرده است. دو ترجمه از لحاظ جابجایی شکل و محتوا با یکدیگر تفاوت معناداری نداشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Comparison of women's rights in Islam and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Masumeh Akhlaq Pasand Maryam Ibn Turab Sayyed Husayn SadjadiThe drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is one of the results of Western studies on the issue of women. The main tool of the drafters of the Convention is the elimination of discrimination in order to eradicate the MoreThe drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is one of the results of Western studies on the issue of women. The main tool of the drafters of the Convention is the elimination of discrimination in order to eradicate the existing traditional gender stereotypes and to deny the differences between men and women and thus to create equal rights. In this case, the provisions of this convention are not in full compliance with Islamic law, and this has caused challenges in various social, legal and cultural fields. The purpose of this study is to compare the rights arising from the articles of the Convention and Islamic law, in order to provide an appropriate response to address the challenges in this field. Based on descriptive analytical studies, it was concluded that in addition to the common human and male commonalities, the two are inherently and evolutionarily different from each other, so it is natural from a social point of view and in the field. The regulation of legal rules should not be expected to be similar to them. In many of its rules and laws, Islamic law complies with the provisions of the Convention. The right to life, the right to liberty, human dignity, the right to employment and political rights such as the right to participate in elections, social rights, the right to education and health are some of the issues that have long been considered in Islam. But in some cases, men and women have different rights and rules based on the characteristics of creation and the responsibilities based on it. Therefore, equality in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, contrary to Islamic law, is not based on justice and nature, and this is a form of discrimination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Reviewing Ibn Khaldun’s theory of state formation as a theory of Muslim reform in Seyed Farid Alatas’s reading: A case study Morocco
Fatemah Amin re'ya jezah Ali Murad Khani Sayyed Husayn Sadjadi Sayyed Javad Miri MinaqThe substantive interest of Ibn Khaldun, both in Al-Muqaddimah and Al-Ibar was describing the formation and decline of the state in the east and west of the Islamic world, which he tried to explain based on the cycle struggle between the two types of pastoral nomadic an MoreThe substantive interest of Ibn Khaldun, both in Al-Muqaddimah and Al-Ibar was describing the formation and decline of the state in the east and west of the Islamic world, which he tried to explain based on the cycle struggle between the two types of pastoral nomadic and sedentary societies. In order to develop Ibn Khaldun's theory, Seyed Farid Alatas has introduced it as a theory of Muslim reform. In his view, Morocco is a historical case that has experienced religious reform. . Theory of Ibn Khaldun lacks an economic system. For this reason, Farid Alatas has tried to take the modes of production from Karl Marx and integrate them into Ibn Khaldun's theory. The purpose of this study is to explain Ibn Khaldun's theory of state formation as a theory of Muslim reform in the Farid Alatas’s reading. To this reason, it has studied three consecutive Moroccan dynasties – Almoravids, Almohads, Marinids _. According to the study’s results obtained in a descriptive _ analytical manner, Farid Alatas, instead of simply repeating the information obtained from the introduction, offers a theoretical application of Ibn Khaldun's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Inexplicability of Mystical Experience Regarding Rūmi's Thoughts about Form and Meaning
Manzar Soltānī Saeed PoorazimīThe mystics, implicitly or explicitly- through suing symbols and allegories- have referred to inexplicability of mystical experience. They believe that the importance and perfection of "meaning" is such that "form" cannot express it. According to them, meaning and form MoreThe mystics, implicitly or explicitly- through suing symbols and allegories- have referred to inexplicability of mystical experience. They believe that the importance and perfection of "meaning" is such that "form" cannot express it. According to them, meaning and form are contradictory; and this contradiction is rooted in their view concerning “secret”. The mystics believe that there is a "secret" about "meaning" which human language is unable to express, and at the same time, they want to hide it. The temptation of expressing, on one hand, and inability of language in expressing the 'meaning', on the other, leads to a deep contradiction that is a part of the heritage of mysticism. The relationship of form and meaning has been widely proposed by Jalāl al-Din Rūmi, and his meditations have led to delicate and exact lingual results. His emphasis on inexplicability of mystical experience, leads him to the kingdom of "silence ." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - The Analysis of the Story of the Castle of Fortress of Forms Based on Theories of Jung
Soheilā Namāz Alizādeh The story of the castle of Fortress of Forms (Qaleh Zat o-Suvar or Hooshroba) is the unfinished and the last long tale in Masnavi Manavi. The topic of the tale is struggle of three princes to succeed in obtaining a Chinese princess. Using descriptive-analyt More The story of the castle of Fortress of Forms (Qaleh Zat o-Suvar or Hooshroba) is the unfinished and the last long tale in Masnavi Manavi. The topic of the tale is struggle of three princes to succeed in obtaining a Chinese princess. Using descriptive-analytical and library methods, the present article attempts to analyze some archetypes of the story in the light of Carl Gustav Jung's views. The findings indicate that the holy union is a mystical interpretation of self-knowledge and the mean that helps reaching station of the Perfect Man. Beloved or the woman in the story is an image of archetype of anima that in difficult stages of the journey appears dream like figure to the hero and helps him to know the dark aspects of himself and purify his soul and body from worldly attachments. In other word, the Chinese princess is the unconscious character of the poet and three young princes, she appears in the form of a gentle and solemn woman and guide them to unite with the eternal truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Managing spilt-attention and redundancy in multimedia learning environments:evidence for dual processing systems in working memory
Hamid Reza Hassanabadi Zohreh Sarmad Mahmoud Ghazi TabatabaeiThe purpose of this study was to modify split-attention and redundancy effects in multimedia learning environments by presenting the text in auditory form or by physically integrate the multiple sources of information. The topic of lightning formatio MoreThe purpose of this study was to modify split-attention and redundancy effects in multimedia learning environments by presenting the text in auditory form or by physically integrate the multiple sources of information. The topic of lightning formation was presented to middle school students via an animation (n=51). Concurrently with the animation, one group viewed on-screen text presented adjacent to the animation (textual concise group), the second group listened to a narration (narration concise group) and the third group received both on-screen text and the narration (redundant group). Learning about lightning formation was measured by retention and transfer tests. The narration group was outperformed the textual group in retention, revealing a modality effect. But students in redundant group performed worse on transfer test than did students who received concise formats, revealing a redundancy effect. The results are explained by a dual processing model of working memory and limited visual channel capacity. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - The Validity Scales of the Short Form of MMPI in Farsi
S. M. Mirzamani Reza Karaminia S. Hossein Salimi Mohammad A. BesharatThe validity scales of the MMPI short form, Mini Mult in Farsi language were tested using 279 males and females in a hospital comprising four groups: 1) 120 job seekers referred for employment medical examinations, 2) 32 men referred for disability determination, to be MoreThe validity scales of the MMPI short form, Mini Mult in Farsi language were tested using 279 males and females in a hospital comprising four groups: 1) 120 job seekers referred for employment medical examinations, 2) 32 men referred for disability determination, to be exempt from military service or to receive economic and social support, 3) 68 psychological outpatients, 4) 59 normal people randomly selected from the hospital staff and visitors. Group 1 presented significantly higher scores on the Lie(L) and Corrective (K) scales and lower scores on the clinical scales, trying to appear better than they were. In contrast, Group 2 showed elevation in the infrequency (F) scale and lower scores on the “L” and “K” validity scales, and higher scores on the clinical scales trying to appear worse than they were. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to take into account the intention of subjects and scores presented in both validity and clinical scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - psychometric properties of the behavior rating inventory of executive functioning-perschool version(teacher form)
Ali Mashhadi Jafar Hassani Zarrin Barerfan Parisa Njafi Gol Sharareh Daneshvarhe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were sele Morehe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were selected using multistage random sampling from Mashhad in 2011-2012 academic year. The participants’ teachers completed the BRIEF-P. The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. In order to investigate the validity of the inventory, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. The Cronbach’s alpha and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory and its subscales. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated five factor (inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organization) and three factor (inhibitory self-control, flexibility and metacognition) models. Moreover, convergent validity of the BRIEF-P (teacher form) with the CBCL was satisfactory. The findings suggested that the BRIEF-P(teacher form) may be a useful tool in assessing preschoolers’executive functioning and can be used in Iranian psychological research and clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Developing a coping strategies scale in iranian students:parallel forms
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Asgari Marzieh HajizadeganIn order to develop an instrument for measuring coping strategies, a questionnaire was administered to 496 females, 649 males Iranian students selected by multi-stage sampling method. After conducting several explanatory factor analysis using oblique rotation (in two st MoreIn order to develop an instrument for measuring coping strategies, a questionnaire was administered to 496 females, 649 males Iranian students selected by multi-stage sampling method. After conducting several explanatory factor analysis using oblique rotation (in two stages), 100 items were selected that had high item total correlation ( > 0.4) and factor loadings (> 0.35). These items distinguished 8 coping strategies : 1) Social support, 2) spiritual support (religious), 3) cognitive restructuring, 4) problem solving, 5) wishful thinkibg and worry, 6) distracting (Physically and emotionally), 7) cognitive avoidance), 8) submission, and accounted for 33% of the variance. Two forms of the questionnaire, each consisting of 50 items, were developed based on similarity in content and equal factor loading such that the correlation coefficients between the factors of the two forms were significant and the difference in their means was insignificant. Cronbach's alpha for the two forms were 0.910 and 0.913 and SE were 3.60 and 3.61 respectively. Factor analysis of the forms confirmed 8 factors. Psychometric indices were calculated for the factors and their theoretical bases are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Validation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire (Adolescent Form)
Iraj Mokhtarnia Ali Zadehmohammadi Mojtaba HabibiThe aim of this study was to test the confirmatory factor structure and validation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire in a nonclinical sample of 13 to17 year old adolescents. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Seven hundred and forty eight stude MoreThe aim of this study was to test the confirmatory factor structure and validation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire in a nonclinical sample of 13 to17 year old adolescents. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Seven hundred and forty eight students were selected from the high schools of Qods (a district of Tehran province) by multistage random sampling. The participants completed the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire (Adolescent Form; Asadi Younesi, 2011), the Children's Perceptions of Inter parental Conflict Scale (Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992), the Youth Self-report (Achenbach, 1991)), the Family Communication Scale (Olson, 1995), and the Family Satisfaction scale (Barnes & Olson, 1985). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the fourteen-factor of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire. To investigate divergent and criterion validity, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The results indicated that the correlation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire with the other instruments of the study were between 0.21 and 0.57.These results were more satisfactory for the intensity of the conflict part of the parent-adolescent conflict questionnaire than for the frequency part of the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.97 for the frequency of the parent-adolescent conflict and was 0.96 for the intensity of parent- adolescent conflict. The test-retest coefficients were 0.76 and 0.75 for the frequency of parent- adolescent conflict and the intensity of the parent-adolescent conflict, respectively. The findings suggest that the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire have good psychometric properties and can be used in research settings and family counseling in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Valuation and comparison of a test diet effect with imported and an interior foods on some growth indicators for juvenile Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
H. Emadi N. Baharan A. A. SaeediIn the purpose of produce a suitable diet for farming the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), competition with imported foods and checking the possibility of replacement this diet with those ones, a new formulation codified and compared with two imported foods, one fro MoreIn the purpose of produce a suitable diet for farming the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), competition with imported foods and checking the possibility of replacement this diet with those ones, a new formulation codified and compared with two imported foods, one from France (A treatment) and the other from Italy (B treatment), and an interior food (C treatment). 600 fingerlings trout with the mean weight of 37±3 gr. and length of 13.5±5.5 cm. with duration of 127 days in 12 rearing channels with dimensions 440×150×80 cm., in 4 treatment, which one had 3 repeat, farmed using these diets. In the end of the term, means of weight, total length and weight gain had significant differences in formulated diet with others (P<0.05), sequencely formulated diet had the highest values with 133.14±12.13 gr. weight, 21±0.75 cm. length, and 191.49±6.20 gr. WG, and C had the least values with 108.02±11.81 gr. 19.83±0.75 cm. and 126.99±17.90 gr., Respectively. The maximum %WG 450.40±31.18 and SGR 1.77±0.05 gr. were also in formulated and the least were in C, sequencely 299.51±54.01 percent and 1.43±0.13 gr., that had significant differences with others (P<0.05), except for A. Maximum PER in A, 0.06±0.007 and formulated 0.042±0.001 had significant differences (P<0.05). FCR in formulated 0.92±0.12 had no significant differences with imported foods (P>0.05). Formulated chemical and anti nutritional factor analysis involved 55.59% protein, 10.64% lipid, 13.13% carbohydrate, 2.28% fiber, 9.79% ash, 8.55% moist and 3.14 mili eqi valan/1000 gr. diet peroxide. However, the amount of energy was less in formulated, 3706.4 kcal per kg diet than A, 4174.1 and B, 4063.1, despite of the presence of suitable composition caused the most growth. The energy of C 3663.8, was the least amount.Cheking sensory properties or Organolepthic Tests, the fish fed formulated diet valuated better than the others generally. Undoubted, producing this diet formulation will be more economize between other treatments. Total composition of formulated diet is not open at the time being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Detection of Attacks and Anomalies in The Internet of Things System Using Neural Networks Based on Training with PSO and TLBO Algorithms
Mohammad Nazarpour Navid Nezafati Sajjad Shokuhyar -
Open Access Article
375 - Discuss the literary aspects of the poems of Mirzadeh Eshghi
Ahmad Ranjbar Malahat Najafi arabSeyed Mohammad Reza Mirzadeh Eshghi (1273 - 1303 AD. N.) Constitution and vowed known contemporary poets, statesmen of his time is prolific. This article is based on a discuss of literature of love poems, his mastery of the knowledge and different lightness axis is pr MoreSeyed Mohammad Reza Mirzadeh Eshghi (1273 - 1303 AD. N.) Constitution and vowed known contemporary poets, statesmen of his time is prolific. This article is based on a discuss of literature of love poems, his mastery of the knowledge and different lightness axis is proved, he identifies strengths and weaknesses. A love poem to come up with innovations and one of those impressions is the first poetry attributed to him. Even in more traditional formats, as well as he is known for making Mosammt Tarjyy Sakhth. If you want to change the meter, but the demand is not desired. Most of his imagery stereotypes and old, but sometimes in the context of dynamic imagery poem flows more or less on Ashash added appeal. Among the array of literary greatest effort to promote poetry through music, puns and repetitions, and contradictions association through observation and Tlmyhhast Alnzrha. Bob also shows that there is interest allusions from ancient Iran, ancient Iranian culture and history does not recognize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Study on stylistic characteristics in first period of Persian poems (Taherid & Safarids)
Siavash Morshedi Mohammad Najjari From the first period of Persian poem – which started from first decades of 9th century and continued to the end of this century – survived just 64 verses (Poets: Hanzley-e Badgheysi, Mohammad bn Wasif-e Sagzi (from Sistan), Bassam-e Kurd, Mohammad bn More From the first period of Persian poem – which started from first decades of 9th century and continued to the end of this century – survived just 64 verses (Poets: Hanzley-e Badgheysi, Mohammad bn Wasif-e Sagzi (from Sistan), Bassam-e Kurd, Mohammad bn Mokhallad, Mahmud bn Warragh, Firuz Mashreghi, Abusolayk-e Gorgani and Shaker-e Bokhari (from Bokhara) which Gilbert Lazard in the oldest scattered Persian poems collected them. In the paper, have presented different definitions of style briefly, and eventually analyzed in the epoch style point of view, means the similar and specific characteristic in an epoch as frequency. The paper tries to study these poems as three points of view (External form, Internal Form, Subjective Form) and the results presented as frequency and in static charts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Effect of Domestic Investment and doing business index on foreign direct investment in selected country
Negar Jafari Fesharaki Abbas Memarnejad seyed shamseddin hosseini kambiz hojabr kianiAbstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior. One of the most MoreAbstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior. One of the most important factors in the decision to invest in both domestic and foreign investment is the existence of a secure environment. in other words, the most important factors is the proper investment environment and what has been interpreted as the ease of doing business. In such a way that improving the ranking of countries in business environment indicators is one of the prerequisites for attracting domestic and foreign capital and as a result investment. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of indicators of ease of doing business and domestic investment on foreign direct investment in selected countries. For this purpose, based on the division of the World Bank, four groups of countries are considered by their income level, including low-income countries, lower middle-income countries, upper middle-income countries and high-income countries, and the effect of domestic investment and indicators of ease of doing business have been evaluated using a Panel data model. The result shows that the level of development of countries and their income influences the magnitude and effect of domestic private investment and indicators ease of doing business on FDI. In a low-income, lower middle income and high-income countries, the effect of investment on foreign direct investment is positive, and in the upper middle countries, this has a negative effect. Meanwhile, the effect of each indicator of ease of doing business on foreign investment varies depending on the income level of countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Realism in Art as Essential Imitation from the Perspective of Avicenna
Seyyedeh Houra Mousavi S.Habib Mousavi Majid AbulghasemzadehThe first theories about representation and imitation in art are representational theories that are mainly flawed in their comprehensiveness for all kinds of arts and also in their distinction between technical imitation and art. This paper at first clarifies the meanin MoreThe first theories about representation and imitation in art are representational theories that are mainly flawed in their comprehensiveness for all kinds of arts and also in their distinction between technical imitation and art. This paper at first clarifies the meaning of art and then moves on to examine the theory by perusing essential imitation. First, it deals with Aristotelian imitation, which was imitation of objects, phenomena, and actions, and his emphasis on visual imitation, based on the theory of similarity, and then will probes the promotion of this view in Ibn Sina's theory and his view of the signifier and signified of the work of art and also the contribution of the mental forms of the artist to the work of art. This paper applied a descriptive-analytical method and conducted library research to gather the data to explain the theory of imitation. The result showed that the signified of art, as an external object or action, has a specific nature and is known indirectly. The signifier is one of the perceptible qualities that is evidence of the external object. It was also inferred that Ibn Sina, by proposing the concept of the mental image as being formed in the mind before the known in the outside considered the artistic image to be included in this case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Method in Hegel's Logic
Hossein Mafi Moghaddam Ali Morad khaniThe discussion about Method in Logic is very important, because it makes clear content, aim and nature of logic. Logic like other sciences based on method and it must be determined which method is used in logic. For example in Aristotelian logic the method is deductive MoreThe discussion about Method in Logic is very important, because it makes clear content, aim and nature of logic. Logic like other sciences based on method and it must be determined which method is used in logic. For example in Aristotelian logic the method is deductive one, that is, rational deduction from premises of categorical and conditional propositions. Bacon's empirical logic is based on experiment and induction. In Kant transcendental logic, the conception of method differs entirely from deduction and empirical method. In Kant’s view, method means determination of a priori conditions of knowledge. Hegel has different concept comparing to Kant. In Hegel’s approach, method is dynamic process in which we can determine organic structure and generation of categories. Accordingly, the method is regarded as comprehensive system that finally all multiplicity of categories will be unified, in other words, method is form containing all contents of logic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The Place of God in Plato’s Thought
محمد اکوان بهاره سادات سیاقیUndoubtedly the concept of God is the most important and the most controversial concepts of man’s history which has engaged man’s– especially the philosophers’– attention for long. In divine philosophy of Plato that aims at reaching t MoreUndoubtedly the concept of God is the most important and the most controversial concepts of man’s history which has engaged man’s– especially the philosophers’– attention for long. In divine philosophy of Plato that aims at reaching to a divine and imperceptible principle– one who is absolute in essence– the concept of God has been expressed by different terms in several treatises. In Plato’s philosophy God is called by different titles such as: the Good or Good Idea, placed at the top of the ideal forms, is the cause of every beings and the origin of reality and knowledge; the One which is the most complete and the best form; and the Beauty which is absolute, eternal and self-existent. All these titles are the same and identical in essence. Plato also talks about Demiurge and calls him the Fashioner, not the Creator. Demiurge changed the world from the state of Chaos into the Cosmos. This article tries to study the concept of God from Plato’s viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Metempsychosis and Metamorphosis in Transcendent Theosophy
علی ارشد ریاحی افسانه صباغانIn this article the consistency of proving the absurdity of metempsychosis (tanāsukh) and believing in metamorphosis (maskh) will be surveyed. So, after defining the metempsychosis and mentioning its divisions, we collect all reasons why the transcendenttheosophists rej MoreIn this article the consistency of proving the absurdity of metempsychosis (tanāsukh) and believing in metamorphosis (maskh) will be surveyed. So, after defining the metempsychosis and mentioning its divisions, we collect all reasons why the transcendenttheosophists reject the idea of metempsychosis as absurd. Then, regarding the opinions of these philosophers about the nature and reality of the metamorphosis, we show that those reasons are not fit for rejecting the metamorphosis. Finally we come to this result that proving the absurdity of metempsychosis and believing in metamorphosis are completely consistent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Variation of Plant Functional Groups along Livestock Grazing Gradient in Semi-steppe Rangelands (Case Study: Tangsayad Rangelands of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran)
Elham Bani Hashemi Pejman Tahmasebi Kohyani Esmaeel Asadi -
Open Access Article
383 - Role of Plant Species and Ecological Patches in Conserving and Fixing Natural Landsʹ Soil Using Landscape Functional Analysis (LFA) (Case Study: Dehbar Rangeland, Torghabeh, Mashhad, Iran)
Reyhaneh Azimi Gholam Ali Heshmati mohamad kia kianian samira hossein jafari Dawood Zakeri -
Open Access Article
384 - Investigating Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Distribution in QezelOzan - Kosar Rangelands (Ardabil Province), Iran
MirMilad Taheri Niari Ardavan Ghorbani Mehdi Moameri Sahar Ghafari Mahmood Bidarlord -
Open Access Article
385 - Legume-Grass Ratio and some Soil Properties in Four Vegetation Types in Steppe Rangelands of Iran (Case study: Peshert Rangelands in Chahardangeh Sari, Iran)
Nahid Jabbari Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Hassan Ghelichnia -
Open Access Article
386 - A Review on the Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Rearing Livestock in Rangelands (Olad Village, Andika, Khuzestan Province, Iran)
Somaieh Dehdari Alam Cheraghian -
Open Access Article
387 - Effects of Fire on Vegetation Cover and Forage Production of Solan Rangeland in Hamadan Province, Iran
Ghasem Asadian Zahra Azimnejad Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari -
Open Access Article
388 - Impact of Abiotic Environmental Factors on Pistacia vera L. Density in Woody Rangelands: A Case Study in Northeastern Iran
Alemeh Mazangi Hamid Ejtehadi Mohammad Farzam Omid Mirshamsi Soroor Rahmanian -
Open Access Article
389 - Investigation of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Four Species Including Atriplex canescens, Haloxylon persicum, Artemisia sieberi and Agropyron desertorum (Case Study: Zarandieh, Saveh, Iran)
Seyedeh Khadijeh Mahdavi Mohsen Esmaili -
Open Access Article
390 - Study of Physiognomy and Origin of Plant Species in Sarshiv Area of Marivan, Iran
Seyyed Mohsen Hassani Habib Yazdanshenas Kourosh Nazarpoor Fard Reza Bassiri Javad Pur Rezaee -
Open Access Article
391 - Investigating the Relationship between VAT and Consistency of Procedure, Uniformity and Substance over Form of Accounting Information
Sara Yousefzadeh Ghodratollah Talebnia Jalil BeytariAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The statistical population of this study includes VAT experts and specialists and experts of th MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The statistical population of this study includes VAT experts and specialists and experts of the Tax Affairs Organization and corporate taxpayers. 328 questionnaires were examined using questionnaires extracted by Likert scale Have been reviewed. Its validity was also assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Amos software was used to analyze the data. The results of the VAT relationship test with each of the independent variables separately indicate that all hypotheses have been confirmed with 95% confidence. The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The results indicate that having consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information improves the quality of VAT accounting. These results can be used by the auditing organization, the tax administration, the managers and chief accountants, and the financial staff to conduct financial operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni kordish followers in Kermanshah cit
fariba mowghofehi alireza mohsenitabriziThe present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni MoreThe present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni Kurdish religious people were chosen in stratified ratio sampling way as the sample case of study. The data was collected through researcher-made questionnaire consisting of items with 5 Likert scales which had 0.95 approval reliability and accepted contents validity. The Lerner, Eisen and Fieshbine-Homans and also Moseni Tabrizi teories were applied to codify research`s theoretical framework for the variables. The obtained results revealed that the status of participation forms among Kurdish people in Kermanshah was 5.62 percent. The results of independent t-test also proved that Shia Kurdish followers had higher levels of psychological, cultural and political participation. But, Sunni religious followers, in contrast to Shia followers, had upper level of economical and social participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Causes and Consequences of Out-of-Marriage Relations (Case Study: Women in Rafsanjan)
reza akbari afsaneh tavassoli bahram ghadimiEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from inter MoreEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of the dream of marriage was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking". The most important motivation for women is the tendency to have extramarital affairs, family formation and marriage. Independence, and a desire to break free from family rules and frameworks are among the causes of this tendency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - The Relationship between Structure of Economic-Social Development and Demographic Structure in Family System in Iran over the Past Three Decades
Nahid Tahermohammadi Seifolah SeifolahiThis study aimed to examine the relationship between structure of economic-social development and demographic structure in family system in Iran over the past three decades. The theoretical framework of study is based on the theory of SaifullahSaifullahi in both macro a MoreThis study aimed to examine the relationship between structure of economic-social development and demographic structure in family system in Iran over the past three decades. The theoretical framework of study is based on the theory of SaifullahSaifullahi in both macro and micro levels. This study is obtained from documents, field study and survey by questionnaire technique that have formal and structural and credit validity (Cronbach's alpha upper than 70%). The statistical society of this study are the number of households living in Tehran in95-94 based on data from the Statistical Center of Iran reported 4/1 million households and were selected according to Cochran formula by the sample size via cluster and sharing sampling method and according to the variables measurement level it was reported form statistical tests by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and investigating hypotheses of study through one-sample t-test and following results were obtained. Documentary evidences have shown inseparable association of economic-social development and changes of demographic elements and components of family system. Interviews with experts showed that the most important developments in the family based on propagation of nuclear family and the survey findings showed the results of one-sample t-test representing significant relationship between the structure of economic-social development and demographic elements and components in family system in Iran over the past three decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Development of stock portfolio trading systems using machine learning methods
Ali Heidarian Mohadeseh Moradi Mehr Ali FarhadianInvestment portfolio theory is an important foundation for portfolio management, which is a well-studied but not saturated topic in the academic community. Integrating return forecasting in investment portfolio formation can improve the performance of portfolio optimiza MoreInvestment portfolio theory is an important foundation for portfolio management, which is a well-studied but not saturated topic in the academic community. Integrating return forecasting in investment portfolio formation can improve the performance of portfolio optimization model. Since machine learning models have shown a superiority over statistical models, in this research, a approach of forming the stock portfolio in two stages is presented. first step, by implementing neural network, suitable stocks are selected for purchase, in the second step, using the (MV) model, the optimal weight in investment portfolio is determined for them. In particular, the stages of selecting suitable stocks and forming a stock portfolio are the two main stages of the model developed in this research. first step, a convolutional neural network model is proposed to predict stock buy and sell points for the next period.second step, stocks that are labeled as buys are selected as stocks suitable for buying, and MV model is used to determine their optimal weight in the stock portfolio. The results obtained using 5 shares of Tehran stock market as a study sample show that the efficiency and Sharpe ratio of proposed method is significantly better than traditional methods (without filtering suitable stocks) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - The feasibility studies of using the Greeks' sensitivity formula in the Iranian capital market
siavosh ahmadi chehreh barghIn this paper, the sensitivity of the Greeks to the capital market will be examined. The purpose of this research is to make the use of the Greeks formula in the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research has been carried out on the applied research and financial information MoreIn this paper, the sensitivity of the Greeks to the capital market will be examined. The purpose of this research is to make the use of the Greeks formula in the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research has been carried out on the applied research and financial information of Iran Khodro from September 9th to March 2010. In order to study and interpret the concepts of the Greek sensitivity formula, statistical and mathematical software such as MATLAB is used and calculations are performed with the European law (according to Tehran Stock Exchange). The outputs show that the mean and dispersion obtained in the selected sample is not normal distribution and it is proved with the help of the Lyon test that the mean and dispersion of the sample obtained can be replaced by the mean and dispersion of the society with a confidence coefficient of 99%, and the equation The Black-Scholes method is used to introduce the Greeks and examines the impact of each of the variables. Outputs show that the parameters of stock price, dispersion, maturity, and interest rate influence on the purchase price and have the effect of reducing market risk The stock introduces a mathematical model and Greek sensitivity coefficients such as d Leta, Rho, Vega, Theta and Gamma are necessary and it is necessary to use the Greek sensitivity coefficients in the Tehran Stock Exchange and acquaint investors with the concepts of mathematical finance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - On computing of integer positive powers for one type of tridiagonal and antitridiagonal matrices of even order
M. Beiranvand M. Ghasemi Kamalvand -
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398 - A generalization of weighted versions of the determinant, permanent and the generalized inverse of rectangular matrices
M. Bayat -
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399 - Computation of the q-th roots of circulant matrices
M. Amirfakhrian P. Mohammadi Khanghah -
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400 - Determination of a Matrix Function in the Form of f(A)=g(q(A)) Where g(x) Is a Transcendental Function and q(x) Is a Polynomial Function of Large Degree Using the Minimal Polynomial
Esmat Nikbakht -
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401 - On Extension of Generalized Laguerre Polynomials of Two Variable
Ahmed Al-Gonah -
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402 - Theory of a Superluminous Vacuum Quanta as the Fabric of Space
Rajan Iyer -
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403 - NON-POLYNOMIAL SPLINE SOLUTIONS FOR SPECIAL NONLINEAR FOURTH-ORDER BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
R. Jalilian -
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404 - SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMIC OF TOXIN PRODUCING PHYTOPLANKTON (TPP)-ZOOPLANKTON INTERACTION
A. K. Sharma A. Sharma K. Agnihotri -
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405 - SPLINE COLLOCATION FOR FREDHOLM AND VOLTERRA INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Nehzat Ebrahimi Jalil Rashidinia -
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406 - GAME OF COORDINATION FOR BACTERIAL PATTERN FORMATION: A FINITE AUTOMATA MODELLING
Sudeepto Bhattacharya Gaurav Srivastava -
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407 - SPOT PATTERNS IN GRAY SCOTT MODEL WITH APPLICATION TO EPIDEMIC CONTROL
Muhammad Abdullahi Yau M. U. Adehi Muktari Garba -
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408 - Effect of Budding Method, Rootstock Age and Cut below Budding Union on Budding Success in Persian Walnut
F. Ghamari Hesabi Y. Sharafi S.J. Tabatabaei V. Grigurian -
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409 - The Effect of Auxin and Oat in Combination with Casing Soil on Growth and Biochemical Components of Agaricus blazei
FATEMEH KAVIANI MEHRDAD JAFARPOUR -
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410 - Extraction and Determination of Trace Copper (II) Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified 1-(2-Pyridyl Azo) 2-Naphtol(Pan) in Water Samples and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues from Liver Loggerhead Turtles Specimens by FAAS
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411 - Evaluation of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metal in Raw Materials and Infant Formula Produced in Pegah Dairy Plants, IRAN
Bahram Karimi Dehcheshmeh Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi -
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412 - Investigation of Heavy Metals, Aflatoxin M1 and Physicochemical Properties of Milk Used in Baby Dry Milk Formula in Shahrekord City
Bahram Karimi Dehcheshmeh Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi -
Open Access Article
413 - Application of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Hollow Fibers as a Novel Electromembrane Extraction Method for Quantitative Analysis of Dicyandiamide in Infant Formula
Maryam Rezaee Shahram Shoeibi Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi Mahmoud Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
414 - تحلیل عددی تاثیر پارامترهای ورودی بر ارتفاع بالج در فرآیند شکلدهی آزاد داغ لوله به وسیله گاز
مهدی چوگان محسن لوح موسوی فرآیند شکل دهی داغ لوله با گاز، میتواند در صنایع اتومبیل سازی و هوافضا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بهبود خواص نهایی در تولید قطعه، افزایش سرعت تولید محصول نهایی، قابلیت شکل دهی مواد با چقرمگی پایین، کاهش فشار و نیروی مورد نیاز از مزایای این فرآیند میباشد. همچنین هز More فرآیند شکل دهی داغ لوله با گاز، میتواند در صنایع اتومبیل سازی و هوافضا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بهبود خواص نهایی در تولید قطعه، افزایش سرعت تولید محصول نهایی، قابلیت شکل دهی مواد با چقرمگی پایین، کاهش فشار و نیروی مورد نیاز از مزایای این فرآیند میباشد. همچنین هزینه ابزار آلات و تجهیزات مورد نیاز برای ساخت قطعه در فرآیند شکل دهی داغ لوله با گاز در مقایسه با روشهای قبلی شکل دهی با سیال نظیر هیدروفرمینگ گرم مطلوب تر میباشد. امروزه کاربرد آلیاژهای آلومینیوم- منیزیم با توجه به وزن سبک این آلیاژها افزایش یافته است. این آلیاژها در دمای محیط شکلپذیری پایینی دارند و برای شکلدهی این آلیاژها از روشهای گرم و داغ استفاده میگردد. در این مقاله، تاثیر پارامترهای ورودی بر پارامتر خروجی ارتفاع بالج لوله از جنس آلیاژ آلومینیومی (Al6063) در فرآیند بالج آزاد داغ لوله به وسیله گاز مورد بررسی و مقایسه عددی قرار گرفته است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان میدهد که با افزایش مقادیر پارامترهای ورودی از جمله ضخامت و طول اولیه لوله، ارتفاع بالج کاهش یافته و با افزایش میزان تغذیه محوری و قطر خارجی لوله، ارتفاع بالج افزایش خواهد یافتر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - مدلسازی ناپیوستگی تیرها با دو تحلیل فرم قوی و ضعیف به کمک مدل فنر پیچشی
مصطفی مستان آبادی علی علی جانی ابوالفضل درویزه فاطمه متقیاندر این مقاله ناپیوستگی در تیرها با استفاده از یک فنر پیچشی مدلسازی میشود که شدت این ناپیوستگی توسط میزان سفتی فنر تنظیم میگردد. با دو تحلیل فرم قوی و ضعیف به ترتیب معادله دیفرانسیل حاکم اصلاح شده و ماتریس سفتی سازه بهبود یافته برای تیرهای ناپیوسته استخراج میشوند. در Moreدر این مقاله ناپیوستگی در تیرها با استفاده از یک فنر پیچشی مدلسازی میشود که شدت این ناپیوستگی توسط میزان سفتی فنر تنظیم میگردد. با دو تحلیل فرم قوی و ضعیف به ترتیب معادله دیفرانسیل حاکم اصلاح شده و ماتریس سفتی سازه بهبود یافته برای تیرهای ناپیوسته استخراج میشوند. در فرم قوی، با در نظرگرفتن تئوری تیر اویلر-برنولی و تیموشنکو و با استفاده از دو روش تحلیل متفاوت، تاثیر تغییر شکل برشی در تیرهای دارای ناپیوستگی ارائه شده است. در این فرم، سفتی خمشی تیر ناپیوسته به کمک تابع دلتای دیراک اصلاح میشود. در فرم ضعیف، ماتریس سفتی کاهش یافته از درون معادله انرژی کرنشی استخراج که این معادله نیز به کمک سه معادله پیوستگی، سینماتیک و ساختاری ساخته میشود. فرض خطی بودن هندسه و ماده به ترتیب برای تشکیل معادلات سینماتیک و ساختاری در نظر گرفته شده است. در این فرم، شرایط پیوستگی دو بخش گسسته شدهی تیر اویلر-برنولی را به یکدیگر مربوط میکند که در آن یک تابع شکل هرمیتی بهبود یافته برای درونیابی میدان جابجایی بکار گرفته میشود. یک مثال کاربردی، مقایسه و صحت سنجی جوابهای دو فرم قوی و ضعیف و همچنین رفتار شبه استاتیکی تیر ناپیوسته را نشان میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - تحلیل عددی تاثیر فشار ضربانی برکاهش ضخامت در فرآیند شکلدهی آزاد داغ لوله به وسیله گاز
علی طالبی انارکی محسن لوح موسوی -
Open Access Article
417 - بررسی تجربی و شبیه سازی اجزای محدود عوامل موثر در فرآیند تیگزوفورجینگ قطعه درپوش گیربکس
امین کلاه دوز سلمان نوروزی محمد بخشی جویباری سید جمال حسینی پورفرآیند شکل­دهی نیمه­جامد در ساخت قطعات نزدیک به شکل نهایی به­ویژه در صنایع خودروسازی و هواپیما سازی استفاده می­شود. به­دلیل این­که رفتار آلیاژهای نیمه جامد به صورت غیرنیوتنی بوده و وابستگی سیلانی این آلیاژها به پارامترهای زیادی مانند سیکل ح Moreفرآیند شکل­دهی نیمه­جامد در ساخت قطعات نزدیک به شکل نهایی به­ویژه در صنایع خودروسازی و هواپیما سازی استفاده می­شود. به­دلیل این­که رفتار آلیاژهای نیمه جامد به صورت غیرنیوتنی بوده و وابستگی سیلانی این آلیاژها به پارامترهای زیادی مانند سیکل حرارت­دهی مجدد، روش تولید شمشال اولیه، وغیره می­باشد، شبیه­سازی آن­ها یکی از مشکل­ترین مسایل مهندسی می­باشد. یکی از فرآیندهای شکل­دهی نیمه جامد، روش تیگزوفورجینگ است که بین دمای خط مذاب (لیکوئیدوس[1]) و خط انجماد (سالیدوس[2]) ماده انجام می­گیرد و نرخ کرنش، اصطکاک و دمای قالب از جمله عوامل تاثیر گذار بر فرآیند هستند. در این تحقیق به شبیه سازی فرایند تیگزوفورجینگ و بررسی اثر پارامترهای وابسته به آن از جمله ضریب اصطکاک، دمای فرآیند و سرعت حرکت پرس با استفاده از نرم­افزار Deform-3D پرداخته شده­است. جهت بررسی صحت شبیه­سازی، آزمایش­های عملی تیگزوفورجینگ در حالت­های مختلف و درحالت ایزوترمال بر روی آلیاژ A356 انجام شده است. مقایسه نتایج عددی با تجربی نشان داده است که در کسرهای جامد مختلف، شبیه­سازی­های مذکور به خوبی رفتار سیلان را مدل­سازی می کنند. همچنین نتایج نشان داده است که افزایش دمای قطعه باعث کاهش سختی و نیروی شکل­دهی قطعه می‎گردد که دلیل این امر رشد دانه­ها خواهد بود. در ضمن با کاهش دمای قالب به علت ریزشدن دانه­ها و با افزایش نیروی پرس، به علت تراکم فاز آلفا اولیه در دانه­ها، سختی افزایش یافته است. دمای قالب بالاتر باعث بروز ریزساختاری درشت­تر و ناهمگن در آلیاژ گردید. این امر به نوبه خود باعث کاهش تقریبی 5/12% در میزان سختی و 6/20% در مقدار تناژ پرس شد. [1]- liquidus [2]- solidus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - تحلیل عددی و تجربی شکلدهی لوله های مسی مستطیلی بوسیله غلتککاری متوالی لوله مدور پر شده با بیسموت
علی بصیرت نیا محسن لوح موسویساخت لوله های مربعی و مستطیلی به دلیل کاربرد فراوان آنها در صنایعی که نیاز به فشار و درجه حرارت بالا دارند، بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. روش های مختلفی برای ساخت لوله های چهار گوش وجود دارد از جمله اکستروژن، کشش و فشار. روش دیگری که در سال های اخیر بر روی آن مطا Moreساخت لوله های مربعی و مستطیلی به دلیل کاربرد فراوان آنها در صنایعی که نیاز به فشار و درجه حرارت بالا دارند، بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. روش های مختلفی برای ساخت لوله های چهار گوش وجود دارد از جمله اکستروژن، کشش و فشار. روش دیگری که در سال های اخیر بر روی آن مطالعاتی صورت گرفته است، شکلدهی مجدد لوله های دوار و تبدیل آن به مقطع مربع و یا مستطیل است. در این تحقیقات روشهایی که پیشنهاد شده است همگی برای تولید لوله های مربعی کاربرد دارد و امکان تولید لولههای مستطیلی با استفاده از آن روش ها وجود ندارد. روشی که در این پژوهش معرفی می­شود عبارت است از پر کردن لوله با بیسموت و غلتککاری در سه مرحله متوالی. در این پژوهش ابتدا در نرم افزار Abaqus فرآیند مورد نظر شبیهسازی می­شود و سپس توسط آزمون تجربی یک نمونه واقعی ساخته میشود. نمونه ساخته شده از لحاظ ابعادی مورد بررسی قرار می­شود و با نتایج بدست آمده از شبیه سازی مقایسه میشود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که روش پر کردن لوله توسط بیسموت و عبور از سه غلتک، روشی مناسب برای ساخت لولههای جدار نازک با مقطع مستطیل شکل است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - شبیه سازی عددی برخورد پرتابههای سرعت پایین با سطح آب
نجمه خضرائیان ناصر دشتیان گرامی در این مقاله با استفاده از روش المان محدود و فرمول­بندی اولری-لاگرانژی برخورد سازه هایی با سطح آب مورد شبیه­سازی عددی قرار گرفته است. برای بیان رفتار آب و هوا از مدل مادی نول و برای سازه های برخورد کننده از مدل­ مادی صلب استفاده شده است. معادله حالت ما More در این مقاله با استفاده از روش المان محدود و فرمول­بندی اولری-لاگرانژی برخورد سازه هایی با سطح آب مورد شبیه­سازی عددی قرار گرفته است. برای بیان رفتار آب و هوا از مدل مادی نول و برای سازه های برخورد کننده از مدل­ مادی صلب استفاده شده است. معادله حالت مای گرونایزن نیز به آب و هوا نسبت داده شده است. در این مقاله، در ابتدا با استفاده از تحلیل برخورد استوانه فلزی با سطح آب، نتایج مورد اعتبار سنجی قرار گرفت و سپس برخورد یک گوه، کره و یک پرتابه خاص شبیه سازی شد. از خروجی­های مهم این نحلیل استخراج نیرو و فشار وارد بر پرتابه، تغییرات سرعت و شتاب در حین ورود به آب، تغییرات تنش-کرنش و نیز تغییرات سطح آب در مراحل مختلف تحلیل هستند. نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی برای استوانه با نتایج آزمایشگاهی موجود تطابق خوبی نشان می­­ دهد و نتایج حاصله برای دیگر پرتابه­ها دارای روند منطقی هستند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - مدلسازی ناپیوستگی تیرها با دو تحلیل فرم قوی و ضعیف به کمک مدل فنر پیچشی
مصطفی مستان آبادی علی علی جانی ابوالفضل درویزه فاطمه متقیاندر این مقاله ناپیوستگی در تیرها با استفاده از یک فنر پیچشی مدلسازی میشود که شدت این ناپیوستگی توسط میزان سفتی فنر تنظیم میگردد. با دو تحلیل فرم قوی و ضعیف به ترتیب معادله دیفرانسیل حاکم اصلاح شده و ماتریس سفتی سازه بهبود یافته برای تیرهای ناپیوسته استخراج میشوند. در Moreدر این مقاله ناپیوستگی در تیرها با استفاده از یک فنر پیچشی مدلسازی میشود که شدت این ناپیوستگی توسط میزان سفتی فنر تنظیم میگردد. با دو تحلیل فرم قوی و ضعیف به ترتیب معادله دیفرانسیل حاکم اصلاح شده و ماتریس سفتی سازه بهبود یافته برای تیرهای ناپیوسته استخراج میشوند. در فرم قوی، با در نظرگرفتن تئوری تیر اویلر-برنولی و تیموشنکو و با استفاده از دو روش تحلیل متفاوت، تاثیر تغییر شکل برشی در تیرهای دارای ناپیوستگی ارائه شده است. در این فرم، سفتی خمشی تیر ناپیوسته به کمک تابع دلتای دیراک اصلاح میشود. در فرم ضعیف، ماتریس سفتی کاهش یافته از درون معادله انرژی کرنشی استخراج که این معادله نیز به کمک سه معادله پیوستگی، سینماتیک و ساختاری ساخته میشود. فرض خطی بودن هندسه و ماده به ترتیب برای تشکیل معادلات سینماتیک و ساختاری در نظر گرفته شده است. در این فرم، شرایط پیوستگی دو بخش گسسته شدهی تیر اویلر-برنولی را به یکدیگر مربوط میکند که در آن یک تابع شکل هرمیتی بهبود یافته برای درونیابی میدان جابجایی بکار گرفته میشود. یک مثال کاربردی، مقایسه و صحت سنجی جوابهای دو فرم قوی و ضعیف و همچنین رفتار استاتیکی تیر ناپیوسته را نشان میدهد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - بررسی پارامترهای ولتاژ و تعداد دور سیمپیچ بر روی فرآیند شکلدهی الکترومغناطیس ورق های V شکل آلومینیوم
سجاد نادیان برسیانی احمد کشاورزی امین کلاه دوزجهت شکل­دهی قطعات بدون اثر­گذاری سنبه بر روی آنها از نیروی الکترومغناطیس که یکی روش­های شکل­دهی سریع می­باشد، استفاده می­شود. استفاده از این نیرو باعث می­شود که قطعات شکل­دهی داده شده دارای کمترین برگشت فنری و پارگی را داشته باشند و به عل Moreجهت شکل­دهی قطعات بدون اثر­گذاری سنبه بر روی آنها از نیروی الکترومغناطیس که یکی روش­های شکل­دهی سریع می­باشد، استفاده می­شود. استفاده از این نیرو باعث می­شود که قطعات شکل­دهی داده شده دارای کمترین برگشت فنری و پارگی را داشته باشند و به علت عدم اثر گذاری هزینه­های ساخت تجهیزات مانند ساخت سنبه کاهش می­یابد. در این مقاله از نیروی الکترومغناطیس جهت شکل­دهی ورق­های آلومینیوم به شکل ­وی شکل استفاده شده است. در شکل­دهی الکترومغناطیس سیم­پیچ­ها رابط بین دستگاه و قطعه­کار می­باشند. به همین جهت در این مقاله به بررسی تعداد دور و ولتاژ دستگاه در 10 سطح پرداخته شده است. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده و تحلیل آنها با استفاده از روش­اماری فاکتوریل کامل، نشان داده شد که بهترین حالت شکل­دهی در ولتاژ 1500 ولت و سیم­پیچ 35 دور می­باشد که دلیل آن ولتاژ بالای دستگاه جهت ایجاد یک شدت جریان آنی و تعداد دور مناسب جهت انتقال کامل نیرو به قطعه کار می­باشد. بطوریکه با افزایش تعداد دور به 40 دور میزان شکل­دهی به مقدار 34/3 درصد کاهش یافته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Investigating Effective Strategies in the Field of Administrative Integrity System
Karamollah Daneshfard zahra rajaeiProper policy formation in administrative integrity systems must be done through effective and interventionist practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to identify strategies for effective public policy in the field of administrative integrity sys MoreProper policy formation in administrative integrity systems must be done through effective and interventionist practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to identify strategies for effective public policy in the field of administrative integrity systems. The proposed study has been implemented through interviews with parliamentarians. And the results were identified and evaluated by themes analysis. The results indicate that considering traditional- technological dimensions, capacity building theme was presented as a practical approach . In addition, strategies for effective policy formation in administrative integrity system(Iran) includes 11 sub themes and 44 codes, which are summarized in eight main themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Effect of Plastic mulch and bed system on maize (zea mays) yield and weeds suppression
Mohsen Garshasebi Hamid Reza Rajab Larijani Mohammad NasriIn order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete blo MoreIn order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete block design with three replications. Bed cultivation in three level (flat, top and furrow) in main plot, mulch in three level (white plastic on dark, no mulch and control weed, no mulch with weed) in sub plot. The results showed that up to 8-leaf stage, the maximum leaf area, plant height, stem diameter at the soil surface and dry weight was observed in the context of Faro. White on black plastic mulch for all forms of bed control weed up to 99%. Mulch leads to grow corns faster than the ground without mulch and mulch interaction was significant in the context of maximum yield in the mulch bed treatment bed (1103.61kg ha-1) were obtained. Results showed that bed form had significant effect on Harvest Index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Mulch had significant effect on total biomass, harvest index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Highest amount of seed in ear, row in ear for flat bed and highest thousand seed weight and row in ear for top bed. Increasing seed in ear, seed in row and row number by using mulch and therefore seed number increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - A case report of focal Marek disease with obstruction in a Commercial laying jejunum
فریبرز Moayer پیام Haghighi-KhoshkhooMarek disease is one of the common viral neoplastic and lymphoproliferative diseases in poultry that involved thevaried internal viscera. The cause of Marek disease is a Lymphotropic herpes virus, which cause pathological lesionsin broiler and commercial laying herds ar MoreMarek disease is one of the common viral neoplastic and lymphoproliferative diseases in poultry that involved thevaried internal viscera. The cause of Marek disease is a Lymphotropic herpes virus, which cause pathological lesionsin broiler and commercial laying herds around the world.In this report, the focal form of Marek disease has been detected in jejunum of a commercial laying, on the basis ofhistopathological fndings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Pathology of Relation between Political culture and Political Development in Iran
Mohammad Abolfathi Mohammad Karim MohammadiThe glourios Islamic revolution in Iran is a great change throughout the history of Iran and it has brought with itself enormous achievements which are not comparable with the past era. Although there are some improvements regarding political development in comparation MoreThe glourios Islamic revolution in Iran is a great change throughout the history of Iran and it has brought with itself enormous achievements which are not comparable with the past era. Although there are some improvements regarding political development in comparation with the past era, but these improvement are far from the ideal situation of an Islamic system. Influence of political culture on political development? A culture approach is used to answer this question .Thus a hypothesis has been tested which counts political culture as the major factor in prevention of realization of political development. For this purpose and regarding different study approaches, the most improvement elements of political culture are extracted. Based on these elements it is shown that the former cultural situation continues to its existence and this culture has a wide gap with civil culture which is the best culture for a democratic system. Therefore political culture of Iran has not provided a ground for political development and is a major obstacle in this regard. A comprtion between political culture and authority pattern, participation pattern, party formation and interaction with foreigners proves this argument. Therefore development in Iran needs cultural preparation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - study the effect of meters on the content and format with Comparing meter of odes of Naser Khosrow and Saadi's Sonnets
Malek Shoai elham javaniMeter should be considered the most important element and common points of poem. In fact, meter is nature and the innate of a poem which some are so enamored with meter that cannot imagine poem without it. This study is trying to compare the frequency of meter of odes o MoreMeter should be considered the most important element and common points of poem. In fact, meter is nature and the innate of a poem which some are so enamored with meter that cannot imagine poem without it. This study is trying to compare the frequency of meter of odes of Naser Khosrow and Saadi's Sonnets to study the effect of meter on the content and format. In Saadi's Sonnets and odes of Naser Khosrow 18 common meters can be found. The total meters related to Saadi are 17 and total meters related to Nazer Khosrow are 6 meters which regarding the frequency of (2.63) is seen in specific meters of both Saadis' sonnets and Naser Khosrow odes.The number of Saadi's Sonnets are 2.5 times more than odes of Naser Khosrow. It in spite of can be deduced that the effect of meter is very impartial on the content and the potential meter in the poem, It can be found very weak relationship between the content and format of the sonnets and odes using of these meters considering various Factors must be analyzed that may influence this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Biostratigraphy,Paleoecology and Depositional environment of Asmari Formation in oil field of Pazanan
پروانه روزبهانیAbstract Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology and depositional environments of Asmari Formation were studied in oil field of Pazanan (well No.121) .On base of studied done, the thickness of Asmari Formation is 334 meter and based on associated index benthic foraminifera MoreAbstract Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology and depositional environments of Asmari Formation were studied in oil field of Pazanan (well No.121) .On base of studied done, the thickness of Asmari Formation is 334 meter and based on associated index benthic foraminifera three biozones have been selected that indicating a Late Oligocene (Chattian) to Early Miocene (Burdigalian ) age for the Asmari Formation in the studied area. In this section ,9 Microfacies were identified with different sub-environments(Open sea ,Enclosed Lagoon, Semi-enclosed Lagoon , Barrier)which were found to be deposited in a shallow marine carbonate platform in the form of a homoclinal ramp. Based on paleoecology , the lower Asmari Formation (age:chattian) by the occurrence of hyaline benthic foraminifera under normal salinity (psu35-40) in an environment ranging from aphotic to oligophotic under oligotrophic to mezotrophic condition and the middle and upper Asmari Formation by the occurrence of porcellanous benthic foraminifera ,under hypersalinity (psu45-50و more than 50 psu) in euphotic zone under eutrophic to hypertrophic conditions has been deposited in a shallow marine carbonate platform in the form of a homoclinal ramp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Pathology of urban creep in Tabriz metropolis
Qmars mahmudian َAkbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf Hossein Sangari Mir Saeed -Mousavithe form of urban creep or sprawl means the growth and physical expansion of the city on the immediate natural environment of the city, which leads to the increasing consumption of land and the threat of water and soil resources and the instability of urban development. Morethe form of urban creep or sprawl means the growth and physical expansion of the city on the immediate natural environment of the city, which leads to the increasing consumption of land and the threat of water and soil resources and the instability of urban development. The urban political economy in many countries exposed to urban spiral is a story of the transformation of land and urban housing into a severe commodity situation and the lack of suitable infrastructure for industry and work and employment in other sectors. According to the transformed form of the space caused by the urban spiral, the management and leadership of the positions and issues related to the space require new and new models. The urban area of Tabriz is one of the areas that have always been the focus of immigrants in recent decades due to the cheapness of land and housing, the existence of potentials and its regional location, and today the phenomenon of urban creep has created many problems in it in different aspects. Therefore, the present study has addressed the role of urban creep phenomenon in the spatial-spatial developments of settlements in Tabriz metropolis with a descriptive-analytical, applied and exploratory method. The urban political economy in many countries affected by urban sprawl is a story of the transformation of land and urban housing into a severe commodity situation and the lack of suitable infrastructure for industry and work and employment in other sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Identify social and cultural components of strengthening the family in order to prevent divorce with an emphasis on social base
Hamed Mohammadi Mehrdad NavabakhshThe family as the main focus of human is the basic element in the progress and success of society and nation. The prosperity of any society depends on the prosperity of families in the community so it should work more in order to achieve happiness that MoreThe family as the main focus of human is the basic element in the progress and success of society and nation. The prosperity of any society depends on the prosperity of families in the community so it should work more in order to achieve happiness that achieve this is possible only through full recognition of family bonds, official statistics indicate that signification contribution of divorce occur in the first five years of life, especially the first 2 years . Accordingly identify the components of strengthening the family in the first 5 years has a high degree of importance, in fact this study will be considered the second phase of a three –stage research results and outputs will be used as an input in the next steps of the research the present study was conducted by documentary and field methods and questionnaires techniques , to 390 young couple who have less than five years have passed from their families, the results of research indicate that about 60 percent of the sample have dissimilar marriage ,it is clear that differentials in marriage leads to differentials in the couples status. According to another research finding that indicate the relationship between social status and family bonds it can be said that the increase in non-spouse in the sample is one of the reasons of divorces in the first 5 years of family life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Adolescent- Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran
Reihaneh Reihani Kambiz Kamkary Firouz KioumarcyIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whethe MoreIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whether this instrument has desirable psychometric properties or not? The present research design is survey of descriptive method. The statistical population consists of all adolescents aged 12 to 18 who have referred to counseling centers in Tehran. 300 adolescents were selected by nonrandom sampling method using incidental and convenient sample. The instrument used in this study is The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) which has been standardized by Kamkary and Shokrzadeh. In order to determine the validity coefficient of the inventory, two methods of Cronbach's alpha and the split-half reliability have been used; Also in order to evaluate the concurrent validity, The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II (MACI-II) have been used. Findings showed that the validity coefficients with Cronbach's alpha and split-half in the scales of emotional dysfunction, demoralization, dysfunctional negative emotion, self-doubt, negative school attitudes, shyness, aggressiveness, psychoticism, and introversion were higher than 0/70, which indicates the desirable validity coefficients of these scales in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran. Also, Findings showed that this instrument has concurrent validity with The Million Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II. Finally, it can be concluded that this Inventory has desirable psychometric properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - MMPI-ARF Standardization of reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory in guidance school students in Aq Qala city
Azam Taziki Kambiz KamkariIn this study present MMPI-ARF Standardization of reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory in guidance school students at Aq Qala city and the research main question is raised whether reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Persona MoreIn this study present MMPI-ARF Standardization of reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory in guidance school students at Aq Qala city and the research main question is raised whether reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory (MMPI-ARF) in guidance school students in Aq Qala city has desirable psychometric properties? The research method is in the field of methodological research, with emphasis on psychometric. Statistical population constitute all Aq Qala city guidance school students that are 3239 persons (1056 girl students, , 1699 boy students and 34 boy students in non-profit school), which 100 students using a convenience sampling were selected as sample size. The instrument used in this study is reconstructed form of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-ARF) that has validity and favorable credit. To determine the questionnaire validity coefficient with an emphasis on internal consistency of questions is used Cronbach alpha methods and test-retest method to evaluate the coefficient stability, Also, to investigate the validity coefficient of validity used same type criterion, in this regard, Assessment questionnaire of personality pathology aspects (DAPP-BQ) and correlation between the two mentioned questionnaire using the Pearson correlation coefficient is used and finally used structural validity of hierarchical and determine the coefficient of resolution-oriented. And results showed that all reliability coefficients greater than 84/0 used Cronbach's alpha and coefficients greater than 89/0 used test-retest method with Spearman-Brown modified which shows the favorable reliability coefficient of present questionnaire in evaluated 28 scales. Also, Minnesota multidimensional personality questionnaire reconstructed form (MMPI-ARF) with Assessment questionnaire of personality pathology aspects in Aq Qala guidance schools adolescents has simultaneous validity; finally, it became clear that Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory reconstructed form (MMPI-ARF) has an internal structure that includes 28 scales and 4 factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Masnavi and Ghazal two arenas for manifestation of Persian Poetry and Moulana’s mastery in these two realms
Manouchehr DaneshPajouhIt is known that in Persian poetry 10 verse forms have been used by the outstanding composers of the Persian poetry for more than a thousand year, but in terms of volume and quantity, and also in terms of quality and pleasantness they are not of the same rank and some m MoreIt is known that in Persian poetry 10 verse forms have been used by the outstanding composers of the Persian poetry for more than a thousand year, but in terms of volume and quantity, and also in terms of quality and pleasantness they are not of the same rank and some more than others reveal the true value of Persian poetry. Masnavi and Ghazal within all verse forms are of particular importance. Moulana acquired his fame in these two realms and with the composition of Masnavi and Ghazaliat Shams in these genres, gave special credit to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Sedimentary environment, reservoir quality and biostratigraphy of the Dariyan Formation in one of the southeast Persian Gulf fields
Minasadat Hashemi Davood Jahani Seyed Mohsen Aleali Ali Kadkhodaie Bita ArbabAbstract In the study of the Dariyan Formation (Shoaiba Fm.) in one of the southeastern fields of the Persian Gulf, the sedimentary environment and biostratigraphy of these deposits were investigated on the cores which obtained from this formation. In the studies of th MoreAbstract In the study of the Dariyan Formation (Shoaiba Fm.) in one of the southeastern fields of the Persian Gulf, the sedimentary environment and biostratigraphy of these deposits were investigated on the cores which obtained from this formation. In the studies of the sedimentary environment, seven carbonate microfacies and one mixed carbonate-clastic microfacies were identified, which represent the deposition of the Dariyan Formation in four facies belts, including the inner ramp, middle ramp, outer ramp and deep basin. Also, uniform facies changes, the absence of rudists forming large reefs and the replacement of Lithocodium algae with them indicate the homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. In biostratigraphic studies based on foraminifera and calcareous algae, five biozones were identified, which represent the Aptian age for this formation. By combining the geological studies, the results obtained from the routine analysis of the cores and the evaluation of petrophysical logs, the reservoir quality of this formation was also studied, which indicated the good reservoir quality in parts of these deposits and especially the layers bearing Lithocodium algae. Based on these studies, the Dariyan Formation is one of the important reservoir formations in the east of the Persian Gulf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Evaluation of factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5)
ali pirzad ghasem ahiThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 ( MoreThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5). In this descriptive study with factor analysis approach, 300 students aged 12 to 18 years old in Birjand were selected by cluster sampling method and were evaluated by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71). The results of the study showed that the internal validity of the part I I and part II of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) were in range of 0.71 to 0.90 and 0.65 to 0.91, respectively. The criterion validity of the scale by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71) showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the YAM-5 and components of SCARED-71, in a range of 0.12 to 0.74. Validity in the internal consistency showed that the correlation between each of the five components together that set in a range of 0.38 to 0.56 were lower than correlation between each of the five components and total score that set in a range of 0.69 to 0.83. According to the results of this study, the importance of measuring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, the lack of suitable standardized tools in our country, and the validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), it is recommended to professionals and researchers to use this tool Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Exploratory Factor Structure and Reliability of Preliminary Version of Mental Health problems Scale- Teacher Form for Iranian Students in Late Adolescent Age
saeed akbari nader mansourkiayi alimohammad zanghaneh fatemeh erfanifar mohsen jalalat danesh s.mohammad shahvarani siamak tahmasbi garmtani s. ein allah tiymori fardAdolescents are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Most of the disorders that firstly are diagnosed in adulthood have roots in late adolescence. The aim of the current study was to develop a preliminary version of Mental Health Problems Scale- Teacher Report MoreAdolescents are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Most of the disorders that firstly are diagnosed in adulthood have roots in late adolescence. The aim of the current study was to develop a preliminary version of Mental Health Problems Scale- Teacher Report for Iranian in late adolescent age (15-18 years). For this purpose, 207 teachers from Fars, Sistan and Baloghestan, Kermanshah, Khorasan razavi, East Azarbaijan, and Alborz Provinces were selected by convenience sampling method and asked him to complete the Mental Health Problem Scale and Achenbach’s Behavior Problems Scale- Teacher Report Form. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that the 7-component model has the best fit with the theoretical framework of the study. Also, correlation coefficients of the subscales of mental health problem scale and the subscales of the Achenbach Scale indicated the appropriate criterion validity of this instrument. Generally, the findings indicate that the Adolescents Mental Health Problem Scale- Teacher Report has the psychometric adequacy to screen the behavioral problems of students in late adolescent age (second high school) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Examining the problem-posing process as an evaluation tool
Nasim Asghary Robabeh Afkhami Banaem ahmadreza haghighiAbstract Problem posing provides an opportunity to students for what they need to know and can create their mathematical knowledge, and allows teachers to observe patterns of understanding and learning mathematics of students, By challenging their thinking in proble MoreAbstract Problem posing provides an opportunity to students for what they need to know and can create their mathematical knowledge, and allows teachers to observe patterns of understanding and learning mathematics of students, By challenging their thinking in problem-solving situations. Formative evaluation in classrooms is of great importance to find out how students learn to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their learning. Therefore, this study examines the process of problem posing as an evaluation tool. The statistical population of this research is all ninth-grade students in Tehran. In this study, 64 ninth-grade female students were selected as available samples. This study is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in implementation. The tests were designed based on Stoyanova and Ellerton's (1996) framework. The examination of the questions was done according to the Wistro-U model (2009), the Yip Ban Har and Pai Hat model (2008), and the study of Silver and Kai (2005). Analysis of the tests was done quantitative-qualitative. Also, the face and content validity of the tests were confirmed by the professors of mathematics education, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.74. The results showed more than two-thirds of the students were not able to combine different subjects of mathematical concepts in the design of problems, and this result showed their lack of understanding in connecting the concepts. Also, according to the structure and solving of the issues proposed by the students, some misunderstandings the students were extracted from the mathematical concepts. Also, posing real verbal problems showed half of the students that the opportunities to pose problems have increased their understanding of the concepts. In unrealistic verbal problems, students' understanding of the concepts used in these problems is procedural and not conceptual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Investigation of Stress in the Perforated Plate with the Presence of Edge Crack
Hamed BazvandiThe phenomenon of failure in objects is one of the major issues that human beings have been facing for a long time, and because of advances in technology in the present age, this issue is more important than in the past.All engineering materials, on the other hand, have MoreThe phenomenon of failure in objects is one of the major issues that human beings have been facing for a long time, and because of advances in technology in the present age, this issue is more important than in the past.All engineering materials, on the other hand, have tiny cracks from which failure begins.Therefore, estimating the residual life of thin plates made from these materials and used in space and offshore structures requires knowledge of the stress distribution due to cracking in these components. Because of the singularity of the crack tip due to large stresses, the presence of a relatively small crack can lead to a hazardous situation. Therefore, this area should be given more attention.In this research, using the Inglis formula and considering the correction coefficient of the compensatory free surface, the value of the stress coefficient for edge crack is obtained. Then, by replacing the new stress coefficient in Westergaard formula, we calculate the stress field of Mode I (Opening mode) and Mode II (sliding mode) in the perforated plane containing the edge crack. Finally, we examine the effects of various parameters such as loading angle, crack length and hole radius on the values obtained for stress in both modes by plotting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Performance Characteristics, and Behavior Indices of Broiler Chickens in Response to Color and Form of the Feed
M.A. Mesmarian M. ToghyaniThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feed color or feed form on feed preference, growth performance, and behavior indices of broilers. In experiment 1, 60 one-day-old broilers were dis-tributed in 3 vast floor pens whereby broilers of each pen w MoreThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feed color or feed form on feed preference, growth performance, and behavior indices of broilers. In experiment 1, 60 one-day-old broilers were dis-tributed in 3 vast floor pens whereby broilers of each pen were offered a non-colored feed as well as green, blue, and red colored diets. Broilers preferred to consume higher amounts of green or non-colored feed than those offered with blue and red diets (P<0.05) across the entire rearing period. In experiment 2, 240 one-day-old broilers were assigned to one of 4 treatments, comprising five replicates per treatment in a com-pletely randomized design. Dietary treatments included a control (non-colored diet) and diets with blue, green, or red colors. The most significant duration of tonic immobility was observed in broilers fed red feed, while the lowest duration was observed in birds fed blue diet (P<0.05). Feeding, preening, and aggres-sive behavior were higher in birds fed on green feed than those received a control diet (P<0.05). In experi-ment 3, 360 one- day-old chicks were allotted to 6 experimental treatments of a non-colored mash diet; non-colored pelleted feed; non-colored mash + non-colored pelleted diet; non-colored mash + blue color pel-leted feed; non-colored mash + green color pelleted feed; and non-colored mash + red color pelleted feed. Broilers fed non-colored pelleted feed had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter, grow-ing, and entire rearing periods (P<0.05). Overall, broilers preferred to consume a colored diet. Feeding pel-leted feed improved the growth performance of broilers regardless of feed color. Manuscript profile
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