Elements and Indicators of Urban Form: A Meta-Synthesis Study
Subject Areas :
Space Ontology International Journal
zeinab kheirkhah
1
,
Marjan A. Nemati Mehr
2
1 - Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Received: 2021-02-15
Accepted : 2021-05-23
Published : 2021-06-01
Keywords:
References:
Azar, A., Mirfakhraddiny, S.H. and Anvari Rostamy, A.A. (2009) ‘Comprative Study of Data Analysis in Six Sigma Statistical Tools and MADM techniques’. IQBQ 12 (4):1-35. (In persian)
Burton, E. (2000) ‘The compact city: just or just compact? A preliminary analysis’. Urban Studies 37: 1969 -2001.
Clifton, K., Ewing, R., Knaap, G.J. and Song, Y. (2008) ‘Quantitative analysis of urban form: A multidisciplinary review’. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 1(1): 17–45.
Conzen, M.P. (2001) ‘The study of urban form in the United States’. Urban Morphology 5(1): 3-14.
Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. Institute of British Geographers Publication 27. London: George Philip.
Creswell, J.W. (2014) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Dempsey, N., Brown, C., Raman, S., Porta, S., Jenks, M., Jones, C. and Bramley, G. (2010) Elements of urban form. In: Dimensions of the sustainable city. Dordrecht: Springer, pp 21–5.
Ewing, R.H., Pendall, R. and Chen, D.D. (2002) ‘Measuring sprawl and its impacts’ .Washington, DC: Smart Growth America.
Finfgeld-Connett, D. (2018) A Guide to Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. New York: Taylor & Francis
Frenkel, A. and Ashkenazi, M. (2008) ‘Measuring urban sprawl: how can we deal with it?’ Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design 35(1): 56 – 79.
Galster, G., Hanson, R., Ratcliffe, M.R., Wolman, H., Coleman, S. and Freihage, J. (2001). ‘Wrestling sprawl to the ground: Defining and measuring an elusive concept’. Housing Policy Debate 12(4): 681–717.
Hamidi, S. and Ewing, R. (2014) ‘A longitudinal study of changes in urban sprawl between 2000 and 2010 in the United States’. Landscape and Urban Planning 128: 72–82.
Huang, J., Lu, X.X. and Sellers, J.M. (2007) ‘A global comparative analysis of urban form: applying spatial metrics and remote sensing’. Landscape and Urban Planning 82 (4): 184–197.
Kostof, S. (1992) The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History. Boston: Little Brown.
Kotharkar, R., Bahadure, P. and Sarda, N. (2014) ‘Measuring Compact Urban Form: A Case of Nagpur City, India’. Sustainability 6: 4246-4272
Kropf, K. (2009) ‘Aspects of urban form’. Urban Morphology 13(2): 105–120.
Kropf, K. (2014). ‘Ambiguity in the definition of built form’. Urban Morphology 18(1): 41–57.
Kropf, K. (2017) The Handbook of Urban Morphology: Aspects of Urban Form. London: John Wiley & Sons.
Liberati, A., Altman, D.G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P.C., Ioannidis, J.P.; Clarke, M.; Devereaux, P., Kleijnen, J. and Moher, D. (2009) ‘The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration’. BMJ 339:b2700.
Lowry, J.H. & Lowry, M.B. (2014) ‘Comparing spatial metrics that quantify urban form’. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 44: 59–67.
Lynch, K. (1981) A theory of good city form. Cambridge: MIT Press.
McClure, W.R. and Bartuskaeds, T.J. (eds.) (2011) The built environment: a collaborative inquiry into design and planning. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Nedović-Budić, Z., Knaap, G.J., Shahumyan, H., Williams, B. and Slaev A.D. (2016) ‘Measuring urban form at community scale: Case study of Dublin, Ireland’. Cities 55: 148-164.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, M. (2007) Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. New York: Springer.
Sandelowski, M., Docherty, S. and Emden, C. (1997) ‘Qualitative metasynthesis: issues and techniques’. Research in Nursing and Health 20 (4): 365–371.
Schwarz, N. (2010) ‘Urban form revisited—Selecting indicators for characterizing European cities’. Landscape and Urban Planning 96: 29–47.
Seto, K.C., Dhakal, S., Bigio, A., Blanco, H., Delgado, G.C., Dewar, D., Huang, L., Inaba, a., Kansal, A., Lwasa, S., McMahon, J.E., Müller, D.B., Murakami, J., Nagendra, H. and Ramaswami, A. (2014) Human Settlements, Infrastructure and Spatial Planning. In: Climate Change: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 923-1000.
Sharifi, A. and Yamagata, Y. (2018) ‘Resilient urban form: A conceptual frame-work’. In: Yamagata, Y. and Sharifi, A. (Eds.) Resilience-oriented urban planning: Theoretical and empirical insights. Cham: Springer, p. 167-179.
Sharifi, A. (2019) ‘Resilient urban forms: A macro-scale analysis’. Cities 85: 1–14.
Song, Y. and Knaap, G.J. (2004) ‘Measuring urban form-Is Portland winning the war on sprawl?’ Journal of the American Planning Association 70(2): 210–225.
Song, Y. and Knaap, G.J. (2007) ‘Quantitative Classification of Neighbourhoods: The Neighbourhoods of New Single-family Homes in the Portland Metropolitan Area’. Journal of Urban Design 12(1): 1–24.
Tsai, Y. (2005) ‘Quantifying urban form: Compactness versus sprawl’. Urban Studies 2: 141–161.
Walsh, D. and Downe, S. (2005) ‘-synthesis method for qualitative research: A literature review’. Journal of Advanced Nursing 50: 204–211.
Williams, B. and Shiels, P. (2000) Acceleration into sprawl: Causes and potential policy responses. Dublin: Quarterly Economic Commentary, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
Zeng, Ch., He, S. and Cui, J. (2014) ‘A Multi-Level and Multi-Dimensional Measuring on Urban Sprawl: A Case Study in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Central China’. Sustainability 6: 3571-3598.
Zimmer, L. (2006) ‘Qualitative meta-synthesis: A question of dialoguing with texts’. Journal of Advanced Nursing 53: 311–318.
