Ranking of Urban Neighborhoods in the Enjoyment of Walkability Index (Case Study: Neighborhoods of 1th District of Rasht)
Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning StudiesMahin Nastaran 1 , Shadie Mohammadi 2
1 - Associate Professor, Dep. of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfehan, Isfahan, Iran
2 - M.A. in Urban Planing, Art University of Isfehan, Isfahan, Iran
Keywords: Rasht City, Urban Form, walkability travel behavior,
Abstract :
One of the major challenges in recent years attracted the attention of urban planners and urban designers and researchers in medical science, is the public health community. The increasing importance of intensifying health problem in urban areas, led to scientific circles, on role of designing of physical aspects of the environment is provided, on the walkability and physical activity. In this case, the scientists agreed that the physical structure of urban sprawl, encouraging more car use, walking and other physical. In this regard, a review of previous studies on the relationship between urban form and mobility, factors influencing urban form in the context of walking, were studied and seven indexes, household density, diversity, connectivity, proximity, block size, sidewalk, Retail Floor Area Ratio (FAR), using Geographic information system (GIS) and software space syntax analysis (Depth map) were measured. Results of Initial analysis of objective walkability indicators, main goal of this study, ranking of neighborhoods, in 1th region's of Rasht city, in terms of the overall index were obtained. According to the results, ability to walk of neighborhoods reduced by distance from the city center to the border areas, and this index is at the lowest level in rural-urban neighborhoods of suburban. Also according to the urban form, neighborhoods with initial design and texture orderly, are at the higher levels of the index Compare to traditional organic and rural organic neighborhoods.
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_||_Asadi, I. (2000). Compact city, sustainble urban form. Journal of Municipalities, 4, 112-113. (In Persian).
Burnett, K., Holt, E., Fisman, I., & chang, G. (2010). Research on Factors Relating to Density and Climate Change. Prepared BTG- for National Association of Home Builders, 1-156.
BTG. (2012). Using Local Land Use Laws to Facilitate Physical Activity. Bridigin the gap, University of Illinois at Chicago’s Institute: Health Research and Policy,1-5 available at: www.bridgingthegapresearch.org,
Dora, C., & Phillips, M. (2000). Transport, Environment and Health. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, 89, 1-86.
Ewing, R., Schmid, T., Killings worth, R., Zlot, A., & Raudenbush, S. (2003). Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18(1), 47-57.
Ewing, R., Handy, S., Brownson, R., Clemente, O., & Winston, E. (2006). Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 3(1), 223-240.
Frank, L., Sallis, J.F., Conway, T., Chapman, J., Saelens, B., & Bachman, W. (2006). Multiple Pathways from Land Use to Health: Walkability Associations with Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality. Journal of the American Planning Association 1, 75-87.
Frumkin, H., Frank, L., & Jackson, R. (2004). Urban sprawl and public health: Designing, Planning, and Building for Healthy Communities. Island Press, vol:368.
Ferdowsi, B. (2005). The feasibility and application of decision support systems in the physical development of the city, case study: Sanandaj. Master thesis. Tehran: Tehran University. (In Persian).
Gill, T.P., Antipatis, V.J., & James, W. (1999). The global epidemic of obesity. Asia Pacific J Clin Nut, 8, 75-81.
Giles-Corti, P.B., Hooper, P., Foster, S., Koohsari, M.J, & Francis, J. (2014). Low density development: Impacts on physical activity and associated health outcomes. The National Heart Foundation of Australia, 1-53.
Handy, S.L., Boarnet, G., & Killingsworth, E. (2002). How the Built Environment Affects Physical Activity Views from Urban Planning. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(2), 64-73.
Kaya, S., & Curran, P.J. (2006). Monitoring urban growth on the European side of the Istanbul metropolitan area. International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation, 8(1), 18-25.
Keall M, Chapman R, Howden-Chapman P. (2009). Changes in New Zealand transport mode choices over time by size of city. Presentation delivered at University of Otago, Wellington. Vol 107, 13-21.
Lehrer, E.L. (2004). Religion as a Determinant of Economic and Demographic Behavior in the United State. University of Illinois at Chicago, IZA: Institute for the Study of Labor, (No 1390).
Lotfi, S. (2012). The Role of synthetic agents in increasing citizens walking in the city. Case Study: Tehran. Journal of Urban Studies, 5(4), 27-34. (In Persian).
Masnavi, M.R. (2003). Sustainable development and New Paradigms of urban development: the compact city and the sprawl city. Journal of Ecology, 29(31), 104-89. (In Persian).
Tarh VA Kavosh Consulting Engineers in partnership with Parsumash. (2007). comprehensive plan of Rsht (1-9). Guilan province Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian).
Naqsh-e jahan pars Consulting. (2008). Detailed plan of Rsht. Guilan province Housing and Urban Development. (In Persian).
Naushad, S., Qorbani, R. (2008). Smart growth strategy in urban development: principles and guidelines. Journal of Geography and Development. 6(12), 163-180. (In Persian).
Ozbil, A., & Peponis, J. (2012). The effects of urban form on walking to transit. Proceedings Eighth International Space Syntax Symposium, 1-15.
PHAC. (2008). Review on International Evidence Linking Health and the Urban Built Environment. Wellington: Public Health Advisory Committee, 1-410.
Pakzad, J. (2005). Urban Design Guidelines in Iran spaces. Tehran: Design and Sima message publishing company (2). (In Persian).
