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Open Access Article
1 - Religious Elements in Everyday Language and Semiotics of Iranian Ordinary People in Safavid- Qajar Period
ابراهیم موسیپورTraditional system of education in Safavid- Qajar Iran based onteaching of the Qur'an and other Scriptures had led to create a largenumber of expressive units in everyday language of people, whetherthey were literate or illiterate, and in written literature. In addition MoreTraditional system of education in Safavid- Qajar Iran based onteaching of the Qur'an and other Scriptures had led to create a largenumber of expressive units in everyday language of people, whetherthey were literate or illiterate, and in written literature. In addition,those educations had basic influence and reflections in the society in away that the Qur'anic phrases and religious formulas had formed agreat part of the practiced language of the people. Furthermore, aconsiderable part of non- lingual expression styles of Iranians hadbeen influenced or essentially created by the permanent presence ofreligious teachings in the context of everyday life through whichsimultaneously the general semiotic units of social relations of peoplehas been defined in a religious cultural framework. In their dailyinterrelations- greetings, blessings, curses, execrations, oaths, etc. -people have been accustomed to use a vast variety of sacred namesand religious phrases, expressions and formulas and moreover forcreation of expressive mechanisms they came to understand andinterpret many actions and non-lingual signs by means of a religioninstitutionor religion- developed cognitive context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Properties of nanoscale copper oxide thin film deposited by plasma focus device
Hasan Anousha -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of negative oxygen ions on the characteristics of plasma in a cylindrical DC discharge
Davoud Dorranian Mahsa Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
4 - Modification of surface properties of bell metal by radiofrequency plasma polymerization
Joyanti Chutia Arup Jyoti Choudhury Arup Ratan Pal Dolly Gogoi -
Open Access Article
5 - Synthesis of titanium-silver bimetallic nanoparticles by thermal plasma method
Sahar Sheini Shahrooz Saviz Amir Hossein Sari -
Open Access Article
6 - Depositions and characterization of sol–gel processed Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for solar cell application
Afrina Sharmin Samia Tabassum M. S. Bashar Zahid Hasan Mahmood -
Open Access Article
7 - Size control of L12-FePt3 nanocrystals by spin-coating method
Zahra Bamshad Seyed Ali Sebt Mohammad Reza Abolhassani -
Open Access Article
8 - Terahertz optical bistability of graphene-coated cylindrical core–shell nanoparticles
Tayebeh Naseri Nader Daneshfar Milad Moradi-Dangi Fereshteh Eynipour-Malaee -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of the impact of different ARC layers using PC1D simulation: application to crystalline silicon solar cells
Galib Hashmi Mohammad Junaebur Rashid Zahid Hasan Mahmood Mahbubul Hoq Md. Habibur Rahman -
Open Access Article
10 - Floating Pattern Codification of Human Resource Management Development Based on Organizational Cultural Factor In Iranian National Gas Company
Ali Frahadi Mahalli Morteza Mosakhani Mojtaba TabariBackground: In the context of its review, human resource management and organizational behavior. Objective: Floating Pattern Codification of Human Resource Management Development Based on organizational cultural factor. Methods: The hybrid research methodology (quantita MoreBackground: In the context of its review, human resource management and organizational behavior. Objective: Floating Pattern Codification of Human Resource Management Development Based on organizational cultural factor. Methods: The hybrid research methodology (quantitative and qualitative) and in terms of purpose and terms of gathering information from the descriptive - survey with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires made in the community of experts, model with Fuzzy Inference System (software MATLAB) and determination among the north states of experts using structural equation modeling (SEM) were tested Lisrel software. Findings: The bureaucratic culture (34/09) more than other cultures (market, 25/08; clan, 21/04 adhocracy, 18/02) respectively, but preferred, clan culture with ( 29/04) more than other cultures respectively, four HRM strategy was explained that bargaining laborer strategy with 3/17 higher than other strategies (committed experts 2/97; free agent, 2/93; loyal soldier ,2/89) took place. Conclusion: confirming the theoretical and empirical fit model, this gap in National Gas Company human resource management strategies in alignment and fit the cultural context shows, The results showed that the cultural status (bureaucratic) and cultural preferred (Clan) with the status of human resource management strategies (bargaining laborer) have alignment and a perfect fit. Therefore, to fix it, confirmed the floating pattern suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Use of edible coating of alginate enriched with nettle extract to enhance the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet
Maliheh Zarandi Maryam Hasani Payman Mahasti Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
12 - Active edible films and coatings with enhanced properties using nanoemulsion and nanocrystals
Fatemeh Kalateh Seifari Hamed Ahari -
Open Access Article
13 - Utilizing Plant Extracts and Essential Oils as Bio-Based Additives in Biodegradable Polymer Coatings for Food Packaging: A Review
Marjan NouriEdible films and coatings have gained increasing interest due to demands for convenient, ready-to-eat foods with extended shelf life. However, packaging without additives or pigments is insufficient to preserve foods due to various limitations. This review discusses the MoreEdible films and coatings have gained increasing interest due to demands for convenient, ready-to-eat foods with extended shelf life. However, packaging without additives or pigments is insufficient to preserve foods due to various limitations. This review discusses the potential of utilizing natural extracts and essential oils as promising free or encapsulated additives to enhance the functionality of edible films and coatings. Extracts and essential oils offer antioxidant, antimicrobial and emulsifying properties when incorporated into coatings. Their incorporation level, type and nanoencapsulation influence their activity against food-spoiling microbes and their ability to extend shelf life. Nanoencapsulation preserves bioactive compounds against environmental stresses like oxygen and moisture, prolonging coating stability. This review focuses on recent research evaluating natural extracts and essential oils as additives in edible films and coatings applied to various foods. Their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects on coated substrates are discussed. The benefits and limitations of developing antimicrobial and antioxidant-active packaging technologies are also reviewed. Biodegradable smart coatings utilizing natural additives provide a sustainable food packaging approach with reduced environmental impacts while ensuring safety. Overall, extracts and essential oils show great potential as natural additives to develop high-performance edible films and coatings when applied in free or encapsulated forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of chitosan coating contain Ajwain essential oil on the shelf-life of chicken breast meat during refrigerated condition
Nima Babolanimogadam Ali Khanjari Afshin Akhondzadeh basti Seyed Hasan Sajjadi Alhashem Reza Teimourifard Faramarz Amiri -
Open Access Article
15 - Optimizing the formulation of functional cookie using oat flour and date liquid sugar (Kaluteh variety) and checking the technological, visual and sensory properties
Ahmad Pedram Nia Amin Fazel Mahdi Jalali Mohaddeseh Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
16 - Some Results on UP-algebras
Zahra Parvizi Somayeh Motamed Farhad Khaksar Haghani Javad MoghaderiIn this paper, we introduce the concept of stabilizers of a set in UP-algebras and introduce a new class of UP-algebras. Then we introduce and study their properties and the relationships between the left and right stabilizers of a set in UP-algebras and provide equival MoreIn this paper, we introduce the concept of stabilizers of a set in UP-algebras and introduce a new class of UP-algebras. Then we introduce and study their properties and the relationships between the left and right stabilizers of a set in UP-algebras and provide equivalent conditions for easier and faster study of new UP-algebras. We also show that, by adding a condition, the left stabilizer of a set is a UP-filter, while the right stabilizer of a set is not. In the following, we define the concepts of coatom and strong coatom on UP-algebras and examine its properties. In addition, we provide equivalent conditions for easier study of coatoms in UP-algebras.We show that for a UP-algebra A, Coatom (A)=A- {0} if and only if each subset of A contains 0, is a UP-filter of A. We also examine the relationship between coatoms and stabilizers. Finally, we introduce the generalized co-annihilator set G relative to F and study its properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The relation study between Free Float with Downside Risk and Liquidity on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
فروغ رستمیان المیرا اسلامی برجلوThe risk of investing in financial market is one of the investors' major concerns, asmarket participants, confronting any kind of bonds will ask about the risk level. on theother hand, liquidity as an effective element in risking rate and return is considerablyimportant MoreThe risk of investing in financial market is one of the investors' major concerns, asmarket participants, confronting any kind of bonds will ask about the risk level. on theother hand, liquidity as an effective element in risking rate and return is considerablyimportant on the stock exchange. Avoiding risk gets investors look for lower riskstocks with high liquidity to provide more financial security. According to studies andresearches, it sees that free float stocks rate can affect on liquidity and stocks risk.Therefore, regarding free float and their changes can be efficient in analyzing marketconditions and help investors make better decisions.The research is tried to study the relationship between Free Float with DownsideRisk and Liquidity on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).Considering the years 2004 to 2008, we had 233 companies to test theories. Weused Eviews and SPSS softwares to deal with the relationship between variablesduring 16 quarterly terms.The results confirm the significant relationship between Downside Risk andLiquidity with Free Float. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Ownership Structure and Cash Divided (Evidences from Tehran Stock Exchanges)
علی سعیدی سید مجتبی حسینی قیداریStockholders made decision on the amount of dividend which will be paid. Commonsense about the relationship between percentage of legal stockholders ownership isnegative correlation, it means that the higher the percentage of legal stockholders, thelower the amount of d MoreStockholders made decision on the amount of dividend which will be paid. Commonsense about the relationship between percentage of legal stockholders ownership isnegative correlation, it means that the higher the percentage of legal stockholders, thelower the amount of dividend payout. Also, Common sense is that the higher thepercentage of natural person stockholders, the higher the amount of dividend payout,because they need more cash for their consumptions. Anyway, this common sense iscompatible with some theories such as birds in hand.Now the question is whether this common sense is acceptable for Tehran StockExchanges (TSE) Listed Companies or not.In this research we applied panel data regression analysis; cash Divided to identify therelationship between ownership structure and Payout Ratio among 171 TSE ListedCompanies for 5 years beginning from 200۶ to 2010. On the basis of our findings, thereis significant and direct relationship between payout ratio and nature stockholdersownership and significant and negative relationship between payout ratio and Casesperson stockholders ownership and also significant and negative relationship betweenpayout ratio and free float. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Perspective of Trying to Mislead and Qsamh in Jurisprudence and Legal
Fariba Afzali QadiOne of the most important juristic rules of the Penal Code has also referred to the rule is trying to mislead and Qsamh. This paper estimates the lexical terms, law and literature scholars have tried to speak to him the way of the Penal Code have to check the rights and MoreOne of the most important juristic rules of the Penal Code has also referred to the rule is trying to mislead and Qsamh. This paper estimates the lexical terms, law and literature scholars have tried to speak to him the way of the Penal Code have to check the rights and Islamic criminal law. And comparative basis to examine the gaps in this regard is more pronounced. More research is an important issue in the importance of blood and breath. This is an issue that is important to further investigate the importance and population Dma’ that you can easily swear by Qsamh and 50 times the murder warrant issued for someone? However, after reviewing the jurisprudence and legal documents can be achieved to the conclusion that it is not sufficient to prove Qsamh and besides trying to mislead and influential figures in the evidence warrants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Social Supervision in Islam
Hadi Mirzaei BarziImpossible crime is an inchoate offence which the occurrence of result is impossible because of absence of matter or absence of necessary legal conditions or using inadequate equipment and results to non-existence of target crime. Occurrence of impossible crime shows me MoreImpossible crime is an inchoate offence which the occurrence of result is impossible because of absence of matter or absence of necessary legal conditions or using inadequate equipment and results to non-existence of target crime. Occurrence of impossible crime shows mens rea of perpetrators of it and these perpetrators does not have less criminal mind than the people who commit the complete crime. Although, the original crime doesn't happen, it's obvious that the perpetrators haven't obeyed the law. Impossible crime is a crime which has been considered in Iran Law and has amounted to different decisions. Criminal Code 1370 provoked the conflict and most of jurists believe that the Law doesn't mention the impossible crime. But the criminal Law 1392 under the title of attempt finishes the conflicts. Although, this is not considered as an invention this statute because the mentioned Article, with little difference, is a comeback to Criminal Law 1352. Entrance to execution operations and impossibility of target crime are actus reus of the impossible crime. Contrary to the most of jurists view, in this crime there is no need to finish the executive operations and it can be stopped in the half way. In accordance to Iran Law, and not in England Law, the impossible crime in crimes which there actus reus is an omission can be occurred. Moreover, essential of occurrence of an impossible crime is existence of intention. About punishing or not punishing the perpetrator of an impossible crime different views are taken. However, the mention countries Law believe in punishing the perpetrator of an impossible crime. It is necessary to be considered that the punishment should be diminished to complete crime, and due to this in Iran Law an impossible crime is tantamount to an attempt and it is punishment is less than a complete crime. English Law also considered the impossible crime as an attempt but the punishments are the same. However, in all two countries Law it is necessary that the attempt be punishable in order to punish the impossible crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - An Investigation of Mass Transfer Phenomena during Osmotic Dehydration of Orange Slices
A Harati H. Fatemian E. Hosseini Gh. H. Asadi F. Darvish -
Open Access Article
22 - A Comparative Study on Drying and Coating of Osmotic Treated Apple Rings
P. Farzaneh H. Fatemian E. Hosseini Gh. H. Asadi F. Darvish -
Open Access Article
23 - Singlet-Triplet Energy Splitting of Divalent Five-Membered Ring NI2C2H2C (M = N,P, As and Sb)
M. M. Hashemi M. Mirezaei -
Open Access Article
24 - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) in different matrixes after solid phase extraction on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-coated alumina as their 2,3 Di Hydro 2,3 para tolyl Qinazoline (1 H)- 4 one (DPTQO)
Farveh Raoufi Saidah Bagheri Ebrahim Niknam Khodabakhsh Niknam Hamid Reza Farmani -
Open Access Article
25 - Geographic Determination of Theileria ovis in goat in Tehran Province using molecular method
Khodaveisi, M., Rahbari, S., Shayan, P., Hoghooghi Rad, N. .Theileria ovis is one of the benign hemoprotozoal agents in sheep and goat in tropical and subtropical regions which is transmitted by ixodid ticks. This study was carried out on 400 randomly selected healthy goats for determining the distribution of T. ovis. After prep MoreTheileria ovis is one of the benign hemoprotozoal agents in sheep and goat in tropical and subtropical regions which is transmitted by ixodid ticks. This study was carried out on 400 randomly selected healthy goats for determining the distribution of T. ovis. After preparing the blood smears, they were examined staining by Giemsa method for microscopic studies. In order to molecular diagnosis, DNA was extracted from blood samples. Subsequently, the genomic DNA from piroplasms was first extracted and then amplified with the primer pair using hyper variable region V4 of 18S rRNA for simultaneous differentiation of Theileria and Babesia. Differential diagnosis of Theileria ovis from T. annulata and T. lestoquardi was performed using Semi-nested PCR technique on the PCR products with primers specific derived from hyper variable region V4 of 18S rRNA, P2, P3 for T. ovis and with primers specific derived from ms1-2 gene for T. lestoquardi (P4, P6) and T. annulata (P5, P6). The results of microscopic examinations showed that 1.7 % (7/400) were positive for the presence of T. ovis in comparison to T. ovis which were 6% (24/400) in Semi-nested PCR. The results of present study revealed that T. ovis is detectable in goats without any clinical manifestation. Therefore, the goats can be served as reservoirs of the infection for ticks and transmission agents of this parasite to the sheep. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The study of morphogenesis and ascent of Kidneys in SANNEN Goat
Morovatisharifabad, M., Salehi, E. .Kidneys, like most mammalian body organs, start forming and pass Pronephric, Mesonephric and Metanephric stages along the crest of the urinary tract until final growth. Although kidneys are at first, in close association with gonads in both sexes, ascend and reach their MoreKidneys, like most mammalian body organs, start forming and pass Pronephric, Mesonephric and Metanephric stages along the crest of the urinary tract until final growth. Although kidneys are at first, in close association with gonads in both sexes, ascend and reach their final location, on the contrary of gonads. The aim of present experiment was to reveal developmental stages and sites in which kidney pass during ascent in embryonic and fetal periods in sannen goat. For this purpose, 106 goat fetuses in various sizes where collected from yazd slaughter houses randomly, and due to affection of different factors on fetal growth which makes accurate age estimation difficult, CRL parameter was utilized. Samples were divided into 10 groups from CRL=1cm to CRL=31.5cm. The result showed that in samples with CRL=14.5-16.7cm, cranial part of mesonephrose was degenerated. The latter phenomenon had reached to pick point in CRL=26cm. In this case, primitive metanephrose (definitive kidney), as a cell mass well seen at terminal part of mesonephric duct. In fetuses with CRL=31cm, metanephrose was seen in a developed state under stereomicroscope. so, it could be concluded that final stages of development of metanephrose takes place from CRL=26cm to CRL=30.5cm in sannen goat. In fetuses with CRL=31cm kidney shave gained bean shape, which is normal in goat. In fetuses with CRL=31.5cm (full term), the left kidney was ascended from previous location that's mean, vertebral limit L4-S3 to L2-L5, but in right kidney from L3-S2 to L1-L4. It was also concluded that longitudinal length, transverse, and thickness of kidney correlate with increasing whole body of fetus and also weight increase of kidney correlates with increase of fetus growth itself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Slaughterhouse prevalence of Parabronema skrjabini associated with pathologic lesions in small ruminant
Kheirandish, R., Radfar, M.H., Azizi, SH., Masnavipoor, A. .Gastrointestinal parasites (GIN) cause weight loss and reduced productions especially in small ruminant especially in subclinical parasitic infections. Severity of infection depends on geographical condition and climate area. Information about various parasites can be e MoreGastrointestinal parasites (GIN) cause weight loss and reduced productions especially in small ruminant especially in subclinical parasitic infections. Severity of infection depends on geographical condition and climate area. Information about various parasites can be effective in better diagnosis and treatment. Parabronema skrjabini is one of a common abomasal nematode. No study is present on the pathologic findings and hypobiotic larvae of this nematode in the veterinary literature. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of parasite, pathologic lesions and arrested larval stage in sheep and goats in Kerman province. In the present study, the abomasums of 1189 slaughtered sheep and goats were selected randomly and examined grossly for detection of nematodes. 807 (67.87%) out of 1189 infected abomasums with different nematodes that 307 (32/12%) samples showed pure contamination with Parabronema skrjabini. 247out of 307 abomasums were randomly selected for tissue digestion with pepsin and histopathologic investigation. No larvae were found in digested tissues. In pathologic study, the mucosal erosions and ulcers, thickening of abomasum mucosal later and increasing mucus secretion were grossly observed. Histopathologic study showed hyperplasia of mucosal cells, decreasing of parietal cells, inflammatory reaction including lymphocytes and eosinophils infiltration associated with different sections of adult nematode in the abomasal glands. Also, granulomatous inflammation was found around some nematode sections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of Methylcellulose and Carnauba wax coating with Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the improvement quality of Red Delicious apple
M. Rezaie N. Sedaghat Introduction: The quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, and thus their shelf life, is reduced due to changes such as moisture loss, enzymatic browning, tissue decay, and microbial growth. The use of an edible coating on fruits and vegetables during storage More Introduction: The quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, and thus their shelf life, is reduced due to changes such as moisture loss, enzymatic browning, tissue decay, and microbial growth. The use of an edible coating on fruits and vegetables during storage will increase shelf life by controlling the moisture migration, respiration rate, and oxidation. As apple is one of the most important raw materials for many foods and is grown in many countries around the world, it is important to keep apples fresh. The use of methylcellulose and Carnauba wax coating with Modified Atmosphere Packaging for maintaining the quality and prolonging the shelf life of Red Delicious apples.Materials and Methods: In this study, fresh apples (Red Delicious) were coated by two types of coating materials (methyl cellulose and carnauba wax) then samples packed in three layers bags (PE/PA/PE) with normal air condition (control), active modified atmosphere and inactive (passive) modified atmosphere, Samples stored at 2°C for 3 month. Thereafter, their quality characteristics such as Weight losses, color changes, hardness and change in packaging gas percentage, were tested and evaluated. Results: Data showed coated samples had better properties as compared to the uncoated samples. The property was more obvious in samples coated by methylcellulose. In coating samples, weight losses were significantly (P≤0.05) less than uncoated samples, and also weight loss was slower. At the end of the storage time, the highest firmness (958.2) was related to the sample with methyl cellulose coating and the lowest firmness (780.2) was related to the sample without coating (control). In the methyl cellulose coated samples, the weight loss of the samples was significantly lower than the other samples and the weight loss occurred at a slower rate (p≤0.05). At the end of the third month, the highest (7.6) and the lowest (4.7) weight loss was related to the sample without coating and the sample with methylcellulose coating, respectively. At the end of the sample storage time, the uncoated sample (control) had the highest Brix (17.2) and the sample coated with carnauba wax (16.1) had the lowest Brix. In all samples, the amount of L* decreased at the end of the storage time. During the entire storage period of apples, the amount of L* of the coated samples was higher than that of the control samples. The amount of L* in the control samples decreased and reached (19.2), while it reached (25.6) in the samples with methyl cellulose coating. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that Methylcellulose was an appropriate coating to maintain the quality and increase the shelf-life of apples (Red Delicious). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effect of baking powder micro-encapsulated carnauba wax on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken coated with tempura powder during the storage period
A. Khosronia A. Jafarpour Gh. Asadi S. M. Seyedin Ardebili Sh. Yousefi Introduction: Coated foods are consumed in restaurants and homes immediately or shortly after preparation. This study was conducted with the aim of microencapsulating baking powder with carnauba wax in tempura formulation and investigating the changes of tempura p More Introduction: Coated foods are consumed in restaurants and homes immediately or shortly after preparation. This study was conducted with the aim of microencapsulating baking powder with carnauba wax in tempura formulation and investigating the changes of tempura powder during storage. Finally, its effect on the characteristics of coated chicken was investigated.Materials and Methods: Baking powder was microencapsulated with carnauba wax at a ratio of 1:1. Tempura powder was prepared in three groups: T1 (control), T2 (tempura + 3% free baking powder), T3 (tempura + 3% encapsulated baking powder) and after comparing the physicochemical characteristics were used in preparation coats and evaluated for chicken fillet.Results: An increase in fat content, ash, and higher CO2 production, as well as a decrease in aw and protein in T2 and T3 treatments as compared to the control sample (p<0.05). The use of tempura powder with a new formulation significantly prevented the increase of peroxide in the samples during frying (p<0.05). Also, dough absorption and higher porosity were reported in the coated T2 and T3 samples as compared to the control (p<0.05). A decrease in L* and increase of a* and b*was also reported in these treatments (p<0.05). A decrease in texture stiffness was reported in tempura-coated products (p<0.05). The highest score in the investigated parameters (taste, aroma, color, texture, and overall acceptance) was reported in T2 and T3 treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: Microencapsulation of baking powder is a promising method to prepare coated products with quality and texture and more marketability in this growing market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Different Gas Composition on Physicochemical and Nutritional Compounds of (Agaricus bisporus) Mushroom
P. Rajaei L. Nateghi F. ZareiIntroduction: Today, mushrooms are used as a common food source in many countries. Edible mushrooms have a low shelf life. The aim of this study was to use modified atmosphere packaging with different ratios on the shelf life and nutritional value of button mushrooms.Ma MoreIntroduction: Today, mushrooms are used as a common food source in many countries. Edible mushrooms have a low shelf life. The aim of this study was to use modified atmosphere packaging with different ratios on the shelf life and nutritional value of button mushrooms.Materials and Methods: In this research, the mushroom samples were placed in polypropylene-covered packages, and the packaged were filled with gas mixtures of 100% oxygen, 25% oxygen with 75% nitrogen, 50% oxygen with 50% nitrogen, and also 25% oxygen, 25 the percentage of carbon dioxide and 50% of nitrogen were filled and packed. The control sample was button mushroom packed with polypropylene cover and without modified atmosphere (control).The investigated characteristics included the percentage of weight loss, the percentage of free amino acids, the percentage of ascorbic acid, the concentration of polysaccharides, the intensity of respiration, the ripening index, the browning coefficient, colorimetric characteristics and sensory characteristics on the first, fifth, tenth and fifteenth days of storage at 4ºC was evaluated.Results: The results showed that the weight loss indexes, free amino acids, ascorbic acid and brightness index of button mushroom significantly (p≤0.05) decreased during storage, and respiratory rate, browning coefficient, jaundice, and redness significantly (p≤0.05) increased. All sensory indicators of texture, spoilage and bad smell, appearance color and overall acceptance also faced a significant decrease during 15 days of packaging (p≤0.05). Among button mushroom treatments, gaseous conditions of 25% oxygen, 25% carbon dioxide and 50% nitrogen had the least amount of changes during the storage time compared to the first day and showed a higher ability to protect button mushroom, and the control treatment had the highest Drop rate over time. Also, the treatment of 25% oxygen with 75% nitrogen and the treatment of 50% oxygen with 50% nitrogen did not show significant differences during 15 days of storage (p>0.05). Conclusion: Finally, packaging with gaseous conditions of 25% oxygen, 25% carbon dioxide and 50% nitrogen was introduced as the optimal treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effect of Chitosan Coating Along with Essential Oil (Ferula gummosa Boiss) on the Quality Properties of Chicken Breast
A. Bayati Kalimani Introduction: Using food coatings containing essential oils with antioxidant and antibacterial properties helps to increase the shelf-life of meat products. This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating with different concentrations of Barijah essential o More Introduction: Using food coatings containing essential oils with antioxidant and antibacterial properties helps to increase the shelf-life of meat products. This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating with different concentrations of Barijah essential oil (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on the quality of chicken breast during 12 days of cold storage.Materials and Methods: First, the antibacterial properties of Barijah essential oil were measured, and then after coating the chicken breasts, the qualitative properties namely color, bacteriological, and general acceptance characteristics were evaluated.Results: The results showed Barijah essence was more effective on Bacillus cereus bacteria than Escherichia coli (p<0.05). Coating the samples significantly improved the moisture and pH characteristics of chicken breast (p<0.05). The coating slowed down lipid oxidation and the formation of volatile nitrogen compounds in treatment (p<0.05). It also caused the tissue stiffness of the samples to be maintained (p<0.05). The color index showed that the use of coatings caused a decrease in the L* and a* values while the b* value increased (p<0.05). Microbial spoilage in the coated samples was significantly reduced as compared to the control sample (p<0.05). Samples containing 2% Barijah essence had better results than other treatments in all tests (p<0.05). The acceptability of the treatment containing 1 and 2% Barig essence was the same and higher than other treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that using chitosan with in essential oil of Barijah as a natural preservative increases the shelf life of meat products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Bioactive Edible Coating Containing Nanoemulsion of Nettle Essential Oil on the Shelf Life of Turkey Meat
M. Adeli Milani M. Ghobadi Dana B. Ghanbarzadeh A. Alizadeh P. Ghasemi AfsharIntroduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical composit MoreIntroduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical compositions of nettle essential oil were detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Samples of turkey meat coated with 1.5% (V/V) nanoemulsion of nettle, coated with gelatin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBC) containing nanoemulsion of nettle, packed in cellophane and without coating (Control) were stored at 4°C. Their physical and chemical (weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), microbial and sensory properties were evaluated at different intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days) of storage. Results: The results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry showed the presence of effective compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities especially Carvacrol (51.71%). According to the results, lower amounts of weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, mesophilic, psychrophilic bacteria, molds, and yeasts were observed in turkey meat samples treated with nanoemulsion of nettle essential oil in comparison to the control during storage (p˂0.05) and the highest sensory scores were gained. Conclusion: Application of gelatin/HPBC coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle essential oil had a desirable effect on the control of chemical and microbial spoilage, therefore it can be used for increasing the shelf life of turkey meat in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Antifungal Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Thyme (Thymusvulgaris) and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Edible Coating on the Shelf life of Fresh Hazelnut
R. Razavi Y. Maghsoudloo M. Ghorbani M. AalamiIntroduction: Today, biodegradable packaging is taken more consideration due to the environmental problems of the synthetic packaging materials. Edible coating is one of the important biodegradable active packaging material and is regarded as a suitable alternative for MoreIntroduction: Today, biodegradable packaging is taken more consideration due to the environmental problems of the synthetic packaging materials. Edible coating is one of the important biodegradable active packaging material and is regarded as a suitable alternative for the synthetic packaging studied. In this research the effects of edible coating based on carboxy methyl cellulose containing thyme was studied with particular reference to moisture absorption, fungal growth and sensory characteristics in coated raw hazelnut. Materials and Methods: The edible coatings were prepared at different concentration levels of carboxy methyl cellulose (0.0, 0.5, & 1.5% W/V) and thyme extracts (0.0, 0.5 & 1% V/V). The mean changes in fungal growth and sensory characteristics were determined for coated and uncoated (control) hazelnut over 21 weeks. The tests were applied in three replications using factorial design based on completely random design. Results: The results of this research showed that non-coated samples had the most moisture absorption, fungal growth and mold development rates. Addition of hydroalcoholic thyme extract to coating solution significantly reduced the fungal growth in coated samples (p≤ 0.05). The results of the sensory tests of the samples indicated that the use of carboxy methyl cellulose coating delayed the softening of the tissues. Conclusion: The use of edible coatings with carboxy methyl cellulose and thyme extract reduced the moisture absorption and mold growth and increased the shelf-life of the coated hazelnuts. Carboxy methyl cellulose, a biodegradable natural biopolymer might be regarded as an alternative to the synthetic packaging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Two Packaging Methods Based on Nano-Chitosan on the Microbial Properties of Two Varieties of Apricot (58-Shahrood and Chin Kalaghi)
بهجت TajeddinIntroduction: Apricot is a soft fruit with a short storage life. A considerable quantities of thisfruit are wasted due to its poor resistance to impact, unsuitable transport and storageconditions. Appropriate packaging is a good policy to decrease the wastage of this pr MoreIntroduction: Apricot is a soft fruit with a short storage life. A considerable quantities of thisfruit are wasted due to its poor resistance to impact, unsuitable transport and storageconditions. Appropriate packaging is a good policy to decrease the wastage of this product inthe post harvest and marketing stages.Materials and Methods: In this research, the effect of chitosan-based nano-emulsion andchitosan-based nano-containers on the microbial properties of two Iranian apricot cultivarsnamely the 58-Shahroud (526) and the ChinKalaghi (510) were studied. All the apricot fruitswere divided into three groups; without any treatments as the control, coated with theaforementioned wax and were packed in the chitosan nano-based containers. The treatedfruits were then stored at 0°C at relative humidity of %90± 5 for 8 weeks. During the coldstorage period, required microbial tests were performed every week. SEM test was alsocarried out.Results: The results showed that there are significant differences between the factors ofcoating, cultivar and storage time in terms of microbial tests. Chitosan nano-emulsion andchitosan nano-container have important roles in the prevention of the microbial growth ascompared to the control. SEM confirmed a nano-based coating on the skin of both cultivars.Conclusion: The application of chitosan as a coating film or chitosan based nano-containersmight be regarded as a suitable method to reduce antimicrobial contamination of apricots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Application of Dill Essential Oil Combined with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Active Coating Based on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose in order to Extend the Shelf Life of Shrimp under Refrigeration Condition
S. Taklavi T. Mostaghim Sh. ShahriariIntroduction: Shrimp among the sea food has the highest commercial demand universally. Due to biochemical, microbiological and physical spoilage after receiving from sea, it has a short shelf life. The object of this research is to improve the shelf life of shrimp caugh MoreIntroduction: Shrimp among the sea food has the highest commercial demand universally. Due to biochemical, microbiological and physical spoilage after receiving from sea, it has a short shelf life. The object of this research is to improve the shelf life of shrimp caught from the sea. Materials and Methods: Active edible Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC)-based coating containing Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (0.03%) and dill essential oil with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% levels as biopreservative were prepared to extend the shelf life of shrimp during 12 days of storage at 4 ºC. Results: Using active edible CMC-based coating led to the reduction of pH changes in shrimp coated samples during storage time, therefore coating containing ZnO nanoparticles and 4% dill essential oil were most effective in increasing storage time significantly (p < 0.05) and increased TVB-N content until the end of the 12 days but using ZnO nanoparticles and increasing the concentration of dill essential oil from 0 up to 4% resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in TVB-N content. Although incorporation of the dill essential oil compared to control significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the L* and increased the b values during storage time and the treated samples with a higher levels of the essential oil had less color changes. However, extending the storage time significantly (p < 0.05) increases the b and reduces the L* values of shrimp samples. Increasing the storage time caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in hardness of the shrimp samples but the use of nanoparticles and the essential oil reduces the process of softening. Total aerobic bacteria, E.coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus counts showed that number of microorganisms was dependent on the presence of nanoparticles and the essential oil dosage used for treatment as well as storage time. Using high levels of the essential oil led to an increase (p < 0.05) in sensory parameter scores significantly, therefore the treatment containing 3% dill essential oil had the highest acceptability score. Conclusion: The use of 3% dill essential oil as biopreservative along with ZnO nanoparticles in the structure of active edible CMC-based coating is recommended for the preservation of shrimp at 4 ºC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of Apricot-Based Edible Coating on PhysicoChemical and Reduce Fat Uptake of Zucchini Cuttings during Frying
A. Abdollahi M. Vazifedoost Z. Didar R. Karazhian M. ArminIntroduction: Due to the consumer demand for use of low-fat products, many efforts have been made to reduce oil absorption in fried products. Gums are a group of hydrocolloids that are used to reduce the absorption of oil in fried foods.Materials and Methods: The effect MoreIntroduction: Due to the consumer demand for use of low-fat products, many efforts have been made to reduce oil absorption in fried products. Gums are a group of hydrocolloids that are used to reduce the absorption of oil in fried foods.Materials and Methods: The effect of apricot gum based edible coating at different concentrations ( 0 , 8, 10 and 12%) during deep fat frying of zucchini cuttings were evaluated as a solution to reduce oil absorption and improve the shelf life. Physico-chemical properties of fried zucchini such as moisture and oil contents, frying yield, weight loss, acidity, pH and soluble solid content, shrinkage rate, ripening index, chlorophyll content and firmness were determined.Results: The results showed that coating with apricot gum had a significant effect on moisture and oil contents and frying yield of zucchini cuttings (P˂0.05). Coating with apricot gum resulted in higher acidity and lower pH and soluble solid content (BX) in coated samples. The lowest ripening and highest firmness was also observed in the coated samples.Conclusion: This study suggests that by using edible coating based on apricot gum can be achieved in fried zucchini cuttings with less oil absorption and higher frying efficiency, which is more acceptable to the consumer in terms of physicochemical properties. The best results obtained using apricot gum coating at a concentration of 12%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effect of Wheat Flour and Salt Coating on Oil Uptake and Sensory Properties of Fried Chicken Meat
A.A. Sari S.S. Mirmoeini A. Daraei GarmakhaniIntroduction: Fried foods, due to the desirable taste and flavor are quite popular. However due to the high amount of oil absorbed during frying, the use of coatings to reduce oil uptake in this food has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, pieces o MoreIntroduction: Fried foods, due to the desirable taste and flavor are quite popular. However due to the high amount of oil absorbed during frying, the use of coatings to reduce oil uptake in this food has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, pieces of chicken breast were coated in different concentrations of wheat flour (0, 3, 5%) in two groups of coating containing 0 and 1% NaCl. All the treatments were fried at 170 ºC±3 for 5 minutes. The quality and characteristics of all treatments were investigated. Results: The results showed that the moisture contents of the samples were maintained by increasing concentrations of flour and consequently the amount of oil uptake of the samples were decreased. The sensory evaluation results indicated that flour coating improved the texture of the samples (p<0.05) but the appearance and color scored less and the flour did not have a significant effect on the taste (p>0.05). The evaluation of color indices showed that the brightness of the coated fried samples was less than the control treatment. Therefore fried treatments containing 1% NaCl had lower L index as compared to the control group and coated treatments with 5% wheat flour had the highest L index. In all the fried treatments, a index did not differ significantly, but b index increased considerably. Conclusion: This study showed that the application of wheat flour lead to produce low fat fried foods without adverse effect on the sensory attributes of the final product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Effect of Persian Gum Coating Containing Green Mint Extract and Ultraviolet Ray on the Duration of Fresh Pistachio (Pistacia Vera)
M. Moezi M. FazelIntroduction: Pistachio is one of the most popular nuts of the world due to its taste and nutritional value. The storage conditions of pistachios play an essential role in preserving the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the product, while unsatisfactory stora MoreIntroduction: Pistachio is one of the most popular nuts of the world due to its taste and nutritional value. The storage conditions of pistachios play an essential role in preserving the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the product, while unsatisfactory storage conditions, create undesirable reactions and provide poor products quality. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various ultraviolet rays (4, 8,12 Kj/m2), Persian gum (7% w/v), and mint extract(1.5% v/v) on oxidative reactions and microbial characteristics of pistachio kernels of Kaleghuchchi cultivar. After applying the treatments, pistachios were packed in polyethylene bags and kept at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1 ℃) for two months. In the first, third, fifth and eighth weeks, phenolic compounds, acidity, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid number and lossing weight were measured. On the first and last days of storage, the total microbial load and yeast mold were evaluated. Inorder to evaluate the effect of gum and extract of mint on the sensory properties on the last day, five-point gradient Hedonic test was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20 software in a completely randomized design with three replications in LSD test. Results: The result showed that by increasing the intensity of radiation, the microbial load decreased (p <0/05), because the radiation by the nucleoide acid causes the breakdown of the primidine nucleotides, but it increases the acidity, peroxide, and thiobarbituric acid because the radiation causes degradation due to its photocatalytic activity. Phenolic compounds andantioxidant activity is reduced. In the coating samples, especially gum and mint extract coating, the levels of microbial, acidity, peroxide, and tiobarbituric acid were reduced (p <0.05) due to the presence of antioxidant capacity. the sensory evaluation results indicated that there was no significant difference in terms of smell, tast and overall acceptancebetween thesamples. Conclusion: Using Persian gum coating with mint extract, the increases antimicrobial power and also reduces the negative effect of UV on fat oxidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Reduction of Bacillus Cereus Growth in Oat Tempeh with Co- Fermentation of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus
زهره DidarIntroduction: Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Asia. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine, where it is used as a meat analogue Materials and Methods: Oat tempeh is produced with Rhizopus oligosporus PTCC 52 MoreIntroduction: Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Asia. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine, where it is used as a meat analogue Materials and Methods: Oat tempeh is produced with Rhizopus oligosporus PTCC 5287 with approximately 104 CFU/g. Biological acidification is carried out with inoculation of three starters containing streptococcus,Lactobacillus ,lactococcus and chemical acidification is provided by the addition of 5ml/100g vinegar. Bacillus cereus is inoculated with approximately 105 CFU/g. Results: The Results showed that co- fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus caused a decrease in mold growth (p<1%). The highest effect is from the tempeh that was produced with lactococcus lactis sub sp lactis, lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris and the one that was acidified with vinegar. The highest ergostrol and hyphal length is related to the non- acidified tempeh. Conclusion: Biological and chemical acidification caused decreases in Bacillus cereus growth. The highest decrease was observed in tempeh that was made with lactococcus lactis sub sp lactis, lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris. In all the cases tempeh with good quality was produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of Active Coating with Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and Tragacanth Containing Cloves Extract on Some Quality and Shelf Life of Eggs During Storage
R. Roudashtian Sh. Shabani G.H. AsadiIntroduction: Among foods, egg is noticeable due to its high content of proteins, essential amino acids and fat soluble vitamins. The presence of low amount of water and carbon dioxide inside the shell have direct effect in the freshness and quality of the egg. These tw MoreIntroduction: Among foods, egg is noticeable due to its high content of proteins, essential amino acids and fat soluble vitamins. The presence of low amount of water and carbon dioxide inside the shell have direct effect in the freshness and quality of the egg. These two elements may fade away during storage and therefore the quality may be diminished as the result. A novel method for preventing this phenomenon is the coating of relevant channels by biopolymeric materials. In this study, the effect of coating with CMC biopolymer reinforced with tragacanth containing clove ethanolic extract during storage were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The qualitative factors studied were percentage, weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumin pH, shell resistancy in 30 days of room temperature. Results: The results that were counted out in triplicate orders indicated that 1.5% CMC, 1.5% tragacanth, 10% clove extract concentrations exhibited the best results. conclusion: It might be concluded that coating as mentioned earlier had a positive effect and meaningful difference with the uncoated samples improved and extended the storage shelf life of eggs at room temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Effect of Coating with Green Tea Extract and Collagen Fiber on Quality Attributes of Vacuum Packaged Sausage
N. Shokraneh P. Ariaii F. Rasouli Ghahrodi F. Hasannia S. Sabbaghpour -
Open Access Article
42 - Quality Evaluation of New Developed Symbiotic Yogurt over the Storage at Refrigerator
N. Moayednia -
Open Access Article
43 - Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Goat’s Milk Whey Proteins Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis
M. Esmaeilpour M. R. Ehsani M. Aminlari Sh. Shekarforoush E. Hoseini -
Open Access Article
44 - Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Sodium Brohydrate by Chemical Revival Method to Produce Biodegradable Antibacterial Silver Nanocomposite by Solution Blending Production of biodegradable antibacterial silver nanocomposites
Zahra Ta'ati jafroudi hamed ahari nekisa sohrabi haghdostBackground and Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and producing silver nanocomposites with suitable and biodegradable antibacterial properties by Solution Blending metho MoreBackground and Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and producing silver nanocomposites with suitable and biodegradable antibacterial properties by Solution Blending method. Method: To investigate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by NaBH4 reduciton and after performing UV-VIS, DLS, XRD and TEM and FT-IR tests, Staphylococcus aureus as a Gram-positive, Escherichia coli as a Gram-negative bacteri was used, investigated by MIC, MBC and Inhibition Zone. In the next step, the nanocomposite was prepared and prepared by Solution Blending method and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by Inhibition Zone method. Findings: The results showed that silver nanoparticles had inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans at concentrations of 50, 20 and 355 μg / ml respectively and also at concentrations of MIC. 60, 40 and 370, respectively, have the lethal effect on the aforementioned microorganisms (MFC, MBC). A diameter of 3-5 mm was observed around the silver nanoparticles in the cultures of the mentioned microorganisms and in the test of nanocomposite Inhibiion zone, the halo was created based on expected values.the results of the experiments were calculated with 3 replications and the amount of PValue was significant (P<0/0001)by ANOVA method.we used also 3 antibiotic as control for Inhibition zone test. Discussion and Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles showed good inhibitory and lethal effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Also, the nanocomposites produced by the mentioned method have high antibacterial and viscolastic properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Modeling the estimation of the price bubble probability in the capital market :Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange
sara Dastani Heris taghi torabi Ali Asghar Anvari RostamiAbstractThe Tehran Stock Exchange has always seen a lot of fluctuations. Price volatility is a part of the market's nature, and one of the main issues in the capital market is to explain these fluctuations using fundamental patterns. However, sometimes these fluctuation MoreAbstractThe Tehran Stock Exchange has always seen a lot of fluctuations. Price volatility is a part of the market's nature, and one of the main issues in the capital market is to explain these fluctuations using fundamental patterns. However, sometimes these fluctuations go out of their normal form and place themselves in bumpy bumps and sudden crash (crisis) and bring irreparable blows to the stock market. Therefore, in view of the importance of price bubbles, this study presents a model for estimating the likelihood of price bubble formation in the capital market and the main objective of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of this study is the 166 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2017. In this study, using spss software and runs test, Skewness and Kurtosis test. we investigated the probability of price bubbles, and then, in order to provide a model for price bubble, the factors influencing price bubbles based on the proposed model have been investigated. The results indicate the probability of bubble occurrence in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, results shows that shareholders, P / E ratio and liquidity rate have a significant effect on price bubbles. However the size and transparency of the information did not show a significant effect on the price bubble. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigation of ownership structure effect on risk at manufacturing company in exchange
Gholamreza Eslami Bidgoli Seyed Ahmad MoghimiThe role of people for managing company also this subject is very important. This research goal is determine significant between stock risk (price volatility) at popular statistic. Research finding show that, there is significant relation between study variables so fir MoreThe role of people for managing company also this subject is very important. This research goal is determine significant between stock risk (price volatility) at popular statistic. Research finding show that, there is significant relation between study variables so first & third hypothesis certified but second hypothesis reject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The exploration of affective factors on price bulb in Tehran exchange
Mohammadhassan Ebrahim Sarvolia Mirfeyz Fallah Shams Shahnaz AzarangThe Tehran exchange after reopening in 1368 ,has been undergone fluctuations during its activities that these fluctuations often were market inherent and indicate what it has happened in the markets. But sometimes the market reacts suddenly. Perhaps the decline of share MoreThe Tehran exchange after reopening in 1368 ,has been undergone fluctuations during its activities that these fluctuations often were market inherent and indicate what it has happened in the markets. But sometimes the market reacts suddenly. Perhaps the decline of share market in 1383 was one of these reactions. In this research we explore the price bulb in public companies in Tehran exchange. firstly by using of box Jenkins method, we estimate the residual of model and based on model residual ,the continuum, skew and unit root has been used that the price bulb have been occurred during 1383 to 1388. Then by testing price bulb, all of companies that have been undergone to high growth and decline of price in exchange are divided to 2 companies. One without bulb and other one with price bulb. In order to prediction of bulb, the independence variables inside of companies like company size ,shareholders demography ,p/e ratio, information transparency and liquidity speed have been used. In the next step, by using of binary logit and probit regression method, a model has been designed for the prediction of price bulb. for model reliability, the data 6 months before bulb expression have been used. The test of hypothesis show that there is no significant relationship between independent variables (company size, shareholders demography, P/E ratio, information transparency, liquidity speed) and price bulb, except 2 companies inherent independent variable(share floatability and company size). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Forecasting Stock Price Manipulation in Capital Market
Mirfeiz Falah Shams Hamid Reza Kordlouei Amir DehghaniThe goal of the present article is extending and developing Multiple Disciminant Analysis (MDA) method which is able to distinguish buble price in Tehran stock exchange. The principal goal of the present study is to offer model for approximating buble price and also the MoreThe goal of the present article is extending and developing Multiple Disciminant Analysis (MDA) method which is able to distinguish buble price in Tehran stock exchange. The principal goal of the present study is to offer model for approximating buble price and also the factors efficient to make the model work at Tehran stock exchange. In order to do so by applying separation method a sample consisting of 397 companies accepted at Tehran stock exchange were selected and information related to their price and volume of trades during years 2001 until 2009 were collected and then through performing runs test, skewness test and duration correlative test the selected companies were divided into 2 sets of with bubble price and non bubbled companies. In the next stage by investigating cumulative return process and volume of trades in bubbledted companies, the date of starting bubble price was specified and in this way the multiple discriminant analysis, and by using information related to size of company, clarity of information, ratio of P/E and liquidity of stock one year prior bubble price; a model for forecasting bubble price of stocks of companies present in Tehran stock exchange were designed. At the end the power of forecasting model was studied by using data of test set. Whereas the power of forecasting MDA model was 90.2%; the model has high power to anticipate bubble price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The relationship between the amount of free float and liquidity of shares in Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammadreza Monjazeb Sajjad jalaliThis study investigates the association of free float and liquidity of the stock. In addition to considering any reasonable investor in making an investment return and risk criteria should also consider liquidity to be able to determine the relationship between liquidit MoreThis study investigates the association of free float and liquidity of the stock. In addition to considering any reasonable investor in making an investment return and risk criteria should also consider liquidity to be able to determine the relationship between liquidity indicators (turnover, value of transactions, number of transactions, number of days of trading and turnover trading stock) Tehran Stock Exchange with a free float of 164 companies were investigated. For this purpose, trimester data were collected from the 1391- 1385 companies. Using the combined data (panel) regression models were estimated. The results showed that all of the free float and liquidity indicators, there is a significant relationship. Given the values of the estimated coefficients, in order of most to least about trading stock turnover, number of days traded, turnover, number of trades, the trades are free float variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Investors Sentiment and Free Float on Stock return in TSE Listed Companies by Using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
ommolbanin Dadar seyedeh mahboobeh jafariThis paper analyses the effects of investor sentiment and Free Float on stock price, based on Stock return. This study Uses data from firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over a period of 6 Years (2010-2016)and constructs investors' Sentiment Index and examines investo MoreThis paper analyses the effects of investor sentiment and Free Float on stock price, based on Stock return. This study Uses data from firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over a period of 6 Years (2010-2016)and constructs investors' Sentiment Index and examines investors' sentiment effect on Stock return. Based on current expectations, when the free float is more, more deals done and consequently the share price volatility will also increase. Shareholders expect more profits from stocks which have more free floats. In this study, in order to increase the degree of confidence in the results, has been used Dynamic Panel method and estimation of the equation generalized moments (GMM).The findings of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between investor sentiment and free float stocks and stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - A Comparative Study on Oppression Themes in Parvin Etesami and Ahmad Abdolmoati Hejazi’s Poetries
Mahdi Shahrokh Ali Babaei Seyyed Soleiman Sadat EshkevarParvin Etesami is one of the famous poets of contemporary Persian poetry whose opposition to oppression and oppressors and sympathy for the deprived and oppressed are important themes of her poetry. Ahmad Abdolmoati Hejazi is also one of the pioneers of contemporary Ara MoreParvin Etesami is one of the famous poets of contemporary Persian poetry whose opposition to oppression and oppressors and sympathy for the deprived and oppressed are important themes of her poetry. Ahmad Abdolmoati Hejazi is also one of the pioneers of contemporary Arabic poetry and one of the most committed Egyptian poets whose poems depict the pain and sorrow of the people of his community, including their struggle against oppression. The present study attempts to research and analyze the common manifestations of oppression theme between these two poets, relying on a descriptive – analytical method. The results show that issues such as the search for a utopia free of tyranny, protesting against injustice in income distribution and heavy taxes, and criticizing homelessness in dealing with orphans and orphaned children are among the common manifestations of anti-oppression. Nevertheless, Parvin uses allegorical language, fables and ironic expressions to express her criticisms, while in Hejazi's poetry, there is no mention of far-fetched allegories and he criticizes the political and social governing situation boldly and explicitly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Hermitry in Naserkhosrow and Abolatahiyeh’s Poetry
Maryam MahmoodiHermitry is one of the major contents of the Persian and Arabic poetry and literature that is among major themes in the Aboatahiyeh’s poetry of abstention and research,who is the poet of 2th and 3th century A.H. It might be true that in the developm MoreHermitry is one of the major contents of the Persian and Arabic poetry and literature that is among major themes in the Aboatahiyeh’s poetry of abstention and research,who is the poet of 2th and 3th century A.H. It might be true that in the development of asceticism and research poetry in the Persian literature, Naserkhosrou is the first poet and Sanaee is the highest one. The purpose of the present paper is to find common points of these two poets such as highly frequent contents, connection with the court and their abandonments.World images that exist in the minds of Naserkhosrou and Aboatahiyeh are well expressed through lexicons.These images represent their real characters. Mental pictures depicted by Aboatahiyeh are not ugly and unfavorable; however, they are sometimes philosophical. Finally, it should be said that both poets have many recommendations for staying away from material world. The main reason of both poets is the same; namely, instability and temporariness of the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A Criticism on “New Approach to the Study of the Quran”
Seyyed Mustafa AhmadzadehHasnuddin Ahmed the famous Indian Quran researcher has written various books about Holy Quran; amongst the most important one is “New Approach to the Study of the Quran”. The book has been translated to different languages and is paid attention by MoreHasnuddin Ahmed the famous Indian Quran researcher has written various books about Holy Quran; amongst the most important one is “New Approach to the Study of the Quran”. The book has been translated to different languages and is paid attention by many students, instructors and scholars who are interested in Holy Quran. The present article introduces first five chapters as well as some of the author’s point of views and ideas. The book is unique in comprehensiveness and completeness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Discovering the Proportion of Names of God in the Purpose of the Surahs Begin with Oath واو in Part 30 of Holy Quran
Farzaneh Mirza Rasouli Shahin Izadi Ghahremani Fatemeh Alaei RahmaniDiscovering the relevance of verses is one of the important issues in the field of studying Quranic sciences which is effective in understanding God's intention for the revelation of verses and Surahs; that’s why interpretors and scholars of Quranic sciences have MoreDiscovering the relevance of verses is one of the important issues in the field of studying Quranic sciences which is effective in understanding God's intention for the revelation of verses and Surahs; that’s why interpretors and scholars of Quranic sciences have been trying to discover this connection for a long time. However, the special features of this issue and the broadness of the scope of this issue have caused the explanation of the appropriateness of the names of God each surah to be central to the purpose of that surah. The present article studies the mentioned kind of proportionality in Surahs begin with oath واو in the 30th part of Holy Quran (Al-Naza'at, Al-Buruj, Al-Tariq, Al-Fajr, Al-Shams, Al-Layl, Al-Dhahi, Al-Tin, Al-Adiyat); it initially states lexical meaning of mentioned names in each Surah and then the relationship between these names by the main purpose of that surah is explained, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Lie Permit from the viewpoint of narratives
Hossein Sharif Asgari Hashem AndisheThis article deals with “lie permit from the viewpoint of narratives”. We initially have studied the first case of lie permit that is the existence of exigency and the reasons of lie permit if necessary and in the continuation, we have pointed MoreThis article deals with “lie permit from the viewpoint of narratives”. We initially have studied the first case of lie permit that is the existence of exigency and the reasons of lie permit if necessary and in the continuation, we have pointed to the argumentation of non-binding promise and conciliation among Muslims. Thenceforth, the debate on dissimulation, grandiloquence, and jocular lie is considered and at the end, sham oath is mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigating the relationship between the oaths of God, the holy world and the permission of seizure relying on the Qur'an
Saeed Emami Mahnaz EsfandObviously, we swear by what is important, respected and honored to us. Because God has spoken to human beings in their own language, they have sworn to different phenomena such as tin, olive, night, day, etc. in the holy verses in different places. We live in a world th MoreObviously, we swear by what is important, respected and honored to us. Because God has spoken to human beings in their own language, they have sworn to different phenomena such as tin, olive, night, day, etc. in the holy verses in different places. We live in a world that has a special sanctity. In this article, we have tried to determine that we live in a holy world whose creator has sworn and sanctified all its phenomena according to the sanctity of the world by God and through its various parts; Therefore, we do not own anything by ourselves and we cannot seizure the world without God's permission. But God has given us this permission in several stages. The general cases of permission include the following: the importance of human existence as the Caliph of God; Also, legal and illegal things that have been stated in the Shari'a and the verses related to the implicit permission for man to conquer the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The mythical secrets in Khlil Hawi’s Poery
روح اله نصیریKhalil Hawi is one of the most famous poets of 20th Centuries’ second half. His deep awareness about philosophy caused tendency toward human understanding, dreaming and inspiration. His poetic language is mystical, pictorial and mythical. His aim in mystical poetr MoreKhalil Hawi is one of the most famous poets of 20th Centuries’ second half. His deep awareness about philosophy caused tendency toward human understanding, dreaming and inspiration. His poetic language is mystical, pictorial and mythical. His aim in mystical poetry is to depict his goal in the reader’s mind and make the audience understand the meaning. Hi does not want to express the meanings exactly: he talks about the subjects that are not simply analytical. The present article applies the mythical secrets in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Oath taking and its role in proving crime from the view point of jurisprudence and Iranian statute law
َAhmad porghasemi Esmat al-Sadat Tabatabaei LotfiQasāmah, i.e. Oath taking, is an approved procedure in the Islamic fiqh and law, which is applicable both to verify and nullify the crime in the case of invalidity or lack of crime proofs. The legitimacy of oath taking is based on the Islamic traditions and considering MoreQasāmah, i.e. Oath taking, is an approved procedure in the Islamic fiqh and law, which is applicable both to verify and nullify the crime in the case of invalidity or lack of crime proofs. The legitimacy of oath taking is based on the Islamic traditions and considering its prohibitive force in concern with concealed murders or unjustified accusation, it has been approved and established for immunity of the society and acting cautiously in regard with the lives of the people. The oath taking procedure was proposed by the jurists and it was approved in the criminal law with minor changes in 2013 and it includes issues such as the domain of usage, the quality of performing oath taking, number of oaths in voluntary and involuntary murders and in crimes other than murder, validity or invalidity of repeating oaths to achieve the threshold, repeating oath taking in case of involvement of multiple parties, the characteristics of the ones to take oath and the manner of oath taking. In the criminal law of 2013, a period of three month has been considered for oath taking by the claimant or the accused. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Role of Imam Khomeini (ra)’s thinking in Formation of the Islamic Republic Discourse
حامد قورجیلی سجاد امری سید کاظم سیدباقریNowadays, one of the very important issues is peace in the international arena. This type of thinking is derived from personality and identity of one nation and its leader. Imam Khomeini (ra) as one of the leaders affecting area of discourse-making in the Islamic Republ MoreNowadays, one of the very important issues is peace in the international arena. This type of thinking is derived from personality and identity of one nation and its leader. Imam Khomeini (ra) as one of the leaders affecting area of discourse-making in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been favored by the world people. He has dealt with explication of his speech and thought taken from the holy Quran and Sunna considering the introduction of such discourse. Based on a central denotation named ummah and eight floating denotations of which peace is one of the most important denotations, he has taken discourse into account. This article descriptively-analytically explores the issue that what role thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra) played in discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran and what is floating denotation of peace in this discourse? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - A Study of the Typology of the Treaty and the Representation of its Functions in Nezami Ganjavi’s Khamseh
Samaneh Vatandoost Hassan Bassak Reza AshrafzadehKhamseh of Nezami Ganjavi includes various collections in the types of lyrical, mystical, moral, etc. literature. In each of the works, the poet deals with issues according to the audience's understanding and insight and describes some of the beliefs and rituals of huma MoreKhamseh of Nezami Ganjavi includes various collections in the types of lyrical, mystical, moral, etc. literature. In each of the works, the poet deals with issues according to the audience's understanding and insight and describes some of the beliefs and rituals of human society, especially Iran. One of these rituals is covenanting and swearing, which sometimes has a two-dimensional aspect in the military intellectual structure and sometimes stops at the superstructure level. In the present study, with reference to library resources and descriptive-analytical method, the types of treaties and their functions in Khamseh of Nezami have been explored and studied. The results show that at a general glance, treaties are divided into written and unwritten categories. The written form includes a political and security pact, a marriage pact and a pact to retain power. The unwritten type has sub-branches which are: moral covenant (shame and loyalty), princely pact, motivational pact, cooperation pact, peace and subjugation pact, democracy pact, covenant pact, divine pact, secret pact and a pact of allegiance to the king. The diversity that exists in this category confirms that the pact in Khamseh of Nezami is beyond a purely social matter, and the categories of cognition and knowledge, moral and educational, political and security, religious and doctrinal, etc. are tied to it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Yadegar Zariran Ritual Oath Footprint in Shahname A Research on a Verse of Rostam and Esfandiar Story))
Nastaran SaffariBy investigating the general behavior of the ancient human being, we face a wonder that an action is considered holy if only it is related to something beyond human and mortal features and that is why such holy actions become immortal, timeless, and full of life. So in MoreBy investigating the general behavior of the ancient human being, we face a wonder that an action is considered holy if only it is related to something beyond human and mortal features and that is why such holy actions become immortal, timeless, and full of life. So in the conscience of ancient people, such actions are considered to be holy and they are reminders of an eternal deed that is separated from the mortal historical time and attached to a timeless immortal juncture. Therefore, the value of human actions depends on how much they are related to that first eternal deed. Oath is a ritual deed in the eternal memory of humankind which is turned into an old example. Being faithful to covenant has a long precedent in immaterial, spiritual, mankind history and it refers to that day in which God made a covenant with man, a pledge that put eternal fidelity chain around the human neck. An oath or pledge is a ritual that is used to prove a claim or reject an accusation or accept an obligation in the future that requires a ritual ceremony to be fulfilled. According to that, we can consider ritual ceremony as special and organized acts and words that originate from the eternal and transcendental memory of mankind. These actions are to explain the religious feelings, and because of their antiquity, in most cases, they are engaged with epic, myth, and traditions of a society. The result of this research which is a descriptive-library text analysis method with confrontational and deductive techniques shows that there is a similar example of olden Yadegar Zariran text ritual oath in Shahname (the new era of Persian literature). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Silane‐Functionalized Organic Macrocyclic Compounds‐Modified UVCurable Polyurethane Coatings: Synthesisand Properties
Afsaneh Barekat Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand Ayeh Rayatzadeh Rashid Badri -
Open Access Article
63 - New Coated Graphite Potentiometric Sensor for Selective Determination of Copper (II) Ions
Arezoo Ghaemi Zahra Setareh -
Open Access Article
64 - The Influence of Oxidized Interlayer on the Adhesion of Bioactive Cao-P2o5-Tio2-Na2o Glass Ceramic Coating to the Titanium Substrate
Sh. Honarvar B. Eftekhari Yekta -
Open Access Article
65 - The Effect of Electroplating Time on Microstructural Properties and Hardness of Silver Coating on C10100 Alloy
A. Taherkhani Y. Shajari K. Mirzavand A. Mellatkhah Z. S. Seyedraoufi -
Open Access Article
66 - Production and Characterization of AAO/Ni-P Hybrid Coating on Aluminum Alloy and Evaluation of its Corrosion Behavior
M Mohammad Khalaf M Razazi Boroujeni -
Open Access Article
67 - The Effect of the Amount of Ferrous Sulfate in the Electrolyte on the Hardness of the Ni-Fe Alloy Coating Generated by Electrical Deposition Method
A Aghajafari M Noghani M Saghafi B Bostani -
Open Access Article
68 - Functionally Graded Thermal Spray Coatings: Methods, Parameters, and Post-Spray Treatments
A Rabieifar M, R Tavighi -
Open Access Article
69 - Produce of Biodegradable Porous Mg-Zn Scaffold via Powder Metallurgy and Coated with Nano HAP Synthesized by Electrodeposition Process
Z.S. Seyedraoufi Sh. Mirdamadi -
Open Access Article
70 - Degradation Mechanisms of APS and EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings
A Rabieifar V Abouei Mehrizi M Ghanbari Haghighi -
Open Access Article
71 - A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Barrier Coatings Microstructure with Different Platinum-Modified Aluminide Bond Coats
A Rabieifar -
Open Access Article
72 - Design and Synthesis of an Embedded Processor to Sort Data Based on the Internal Memory of a Programmable Logic Array
H. Amin ZadehSorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption. When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like MoreSorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption. When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like an embedded processor beside many other processing units. For these implementations, the number of CLBs occupied by the sorter is very important. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to implement sorter on FPGA using minimum number of CLBs. Unlike previous algorithms which employ comparator to sort data, this high-power large-area unit is not needed in and most of the process can be fulfilled by the available random access memory (RAM). In addition to less number of CLBs, this approach also improves reliability. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a 256 word sorter with 16 bits word length is synthesized on xilinx spartan 3 XC3S1500 based on this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The structure of allegory in Ahmad Reza Ahmadi's all those paper boats
somayeh avarand azam ezadi raziyeh ahmadiEvery literary author uses literary and lingual techniques in the creation of her/ his work that leads to its beauty and rhetoric. Using literary and lingual techniques not only has a significant role in underlining the language of the work, but also, transforms it in t MoreEvery literary author uses literary and lingual techniques in the creation of her/ his work that leads to its beauty and rhetoric. Using literary and lingual techniques not only has a significant role in underlining the language of the work, but also, transforms it in to the authors' or poet's style which can be discovered through the analysis. Ahmad Reza Ahmadi, a modernist poet, in a collection of his works, has created allegories for children and adolescents with a double functions: on the one hand, they provoke the readers to read for pleasure; on the other hand, draw the readers' attention to the deep structure of the text. In this investigation which uses descriptive interpretive-content first of all, the techniques of allegorizing are considered in all those paper boats and then the created allegories in the mentioned book are interpreted. It is concluded that this book is replete with various allegories manifested in the words, sentences, and even the whole text that multiply the pleasure of reading. It also demonstrates that Ahmad Reza Ahmadi's allegories, the frequencies of which are orderly observed in the words, sentences and the whole text, are meaningfully related to the surface structure, also adding that, the minor symbols like the color, the time and the nature's constituents have greatly contributed to the creation of the major allegory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigating the Performance of Coated Carbide Insert in Hard Steel Helical Milling
Navid Molla Ramezani Behnam Davoodi Mojtaba Rezaee Hajideh -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of Non-Newtonian Models on Blood Flow in Artery with Different Consecutive Stenosis
Mehdi Jahangiri Ahmad Haghani Reza Ghaderi Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Harat -
Open Access Article
76 - Multi layered finite element analysis of graded coatings in frictional rolling contact
R. Jahedi S. Adibnazari -
Open Access Article
77 - A study on the numerical simulation of thermo-mechanical behavior of the novel functionally graded thermal barrier coating under thermal shock
N. Nayebpashaee H. Vafaeenezhad S. M. M. Hadavi S. H. Seyedein M. R. Aboutalebi H. Sarpoolaky -
Open Access Article
78 - Comparison of Vibration Amplitude in Isfahan Subway Due to Track Structure- An Experimental Study
sajjad sattari Mohammad Saadat Sayed Hasan Mirtalaie mahdi salehi ali soleimani -
Open Access Article
79 - Comparative Study of LS-SVM, RVM and ELM for Modelling of Electro-Discharge Coating Process
Morteza Taheri Nader Mollayi Seyyed Amin Seyyedbarzani Abolfazl Foorginejad Vahide Babaiyan -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of Deposition Time on the Morphological Features and Structure of DLC Coatings on Aluminuim-T6 by PACVD
seyed mohammad mahdi shafiei Hamed raeiesifard kameleh Jafari -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigation of the TiO2/SiC/SiO2 Coating Effect On the Wear Rate of Needle Graphite Electrode by using Electrical Discharge Machining
Hossein Alian Moghadam majid jabbari Saeed Daneshmand Saeid Rasouli Jazi Arezoo Khosravi -
Open Access Article
82 - Evaluation Of the effects Of a cell permeable antioxidant on motility and membrane integrity during liquid storage Of goat semen
Abdollah Abid Mohsen Forozanfar Seyyed Morteza Hosseini mehdi Hajian Mohammad Hosain Nasr EsfahaniInroduction and Objective: present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of addition of a synthetic antioxidant, MnTE, on motility and membrane integrity during the liquid storage (up to 72h) of goat semen.Materials and Methods:Semen samples were collected using artif MoreInroduction and Objective: present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of addition of a synthetic antioxidant, MnTE, on motility and membrane integrity during the liquid storage (up to 72h) of goat semen.Materials and Methods:Semen samples were collected using artificial vagina from three mature goats, mixed and diluted (1:20 v/v) with a Bioxell extender containing 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM of MnTE. All diluted sperm suspensions were cooled to 5°C and stored until 72hr and sperm motility and membrane integrity were assessed in 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72hr post dilution.Results: With increasing storage time (0 to 72h), the percentage of motility and membrane integrity decreased in all treatments and control group. Addition of MnTE at 0.01 and 0.1 µM concentration to the extender, improved goat semen quality, while addition of 1µM of MnTE had an adverse effect on motility and membrane integrity when compared to control.Conclusion: extender supplemented with MnTE could reduce the oxidative stress provoked by liquid storage processes. The optimum concentration of MnTE seems to be 0.01 and 0.1µM for goat semen in liquid storage state. However, further supplementation of extender with 1µM of MnTE not only did not improve the results but inversely affected motility and membrane integrity in all treatment group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigation of polymorphism of Markhoz goat microsatellite markers
Sajad Badbarin Reza Seyedsharifi Hassan Khamis Abadi Javad AhmadpanahThe use of molecular markers, especially microsatellite markers provides very valuable information about the existing genetic structure under study. This information can be used to protect an endangered species or to investigate the location of genes affecting quantitat MoreThe use of molecular markers, especially microsatellite markers provides very valuable information about the existing genetic structure under study. This information can be used to protect an endangered species or to investigate the location of genes affecting quantitative traits (QTL). The purpose of this study was to emphasized the importance of microsatellite markers for the study of genetic diversity in Markhoz goats and their use in conservation strategies.In this study, blood samples were taken from 240 Markhz goats in Kurdistan province randomly. DNA extraction from whole blood samples was performed by salting out method. Then, the genetic diversity of 30 microsatellite markers was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Alleles of each individual were identified using silver staining method. Genetic parameters related to the genetic structure of Markhoz goat were calculated using POPGENE software.Except for INRA040 marker, all markers used were well amplified. Among the amplified markers, MCM136 showed low polymorphism but other markers had high polymorphism. ILSTS030 markers with 6 alleles and MCM136 markers with 3 alleles produced the highest and lowest number of alleles, respectively. ILSTS030 marker showed the highest (0.7504) and MCM136 marker showed the lowest (0.0158) expected heterozygosity.Microsatellite markers seem to be a useful and reliable tool for identifying goat breeds and their use can be a solution to protect endangered breeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Considering Bending and Vibration of Homogeneous Nanobeam Coated by a FG Layer
H Salehipour M Jamshidi A Shahsavar -
Open Access Article
85 - Analytical Solutions of Finite Wedges Coated by an Orthotropic Coating Containing Multiple Cracks and Cavities
A Ajdari -
Open Access Article
86 - Fracture Analysis of Several Interface Cracks in an FG Half-Plane with a Homogeneous Coating under Mixed-Mode Transient Loading
R Bagheri M Ayatollahi S. M Hosseini A Bagheri -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coating in Fatigue Life for an Aluminum Alloy Piston with Considering Residual Stress
H Ashouri -
Open Access Article
88 - Exact 3-D Solution for Free Bending Vibration of Thick FG Plates and Homogeneous Plate Coated by a Single FG Layer on Elastic Foundations
H Salehipour R Hosseini K Firoozbakhsh -
Open Access Article
89 - Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Stress Intensity Factors in a Spherical Pressure Vessel with Functionally Graded Coating
H Eskandari -
Open Access Article
90 - Phylogenetic comparison of Coat Protein nucleotide and amino acid sequence of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus from Khorasan province with other isolates of the world
Zohreh Moradi Behrooz JafarpourCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infects many cucurbit species in the world and causing mottle and systemic mosaic symptoms on cucurbitaceous plant leaves. During a survey, Out of 198 samples of cucurbit plants that were collected from the different fields and MoreCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infects many cucurbit species in the world and causing mottle and systemic mosaic symptoms on cucurbitaceous plant leaves. During a survey, Out of 198 samples of cucurbit plants that were collected from the different fields and cucumber greenhouses in khorasan province, 39 samples were infected by CGMMV in DAS-ELISA using specific polyclonal antibody (The rate of infection was 19.7%). Using specific primers which were designed based on the CGMMV coat protein (CP) gene sequence; a fragment with 486bp length was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The CP gene was cloned, sequenced and compared with the sequence of homologous gene of other CGMMV isolates recorded in GeneBank. Phylogenetic analysis using 486 nucleotide long sequences of coat protein gene showed that all CGMMV sequences can be placed into two groups: I and II. Members of group I were divided into two subgroups: A, B. Iranian isolate (kalat) was classified in the group IA. The result showed it had high homology with the other isolates (the highest homology could reach 97.9% in nucleic acid level). As well, phylogenetic tree based on CP amino acid sequences was established and the highest amino acid homology was 98.1%. This is the first report of CP sequence of CGMMV Iranian isolate, determination of its phylogenetic relationship and comparison of its nucleotide and amino acid sequences with those of the other isolates of CGMMV obtained from GenBank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Poems Collection Structures of "Hanjarey Zakhmi Taghazol (The Sore Larynx Lyricism)" of Hussein Monzavi
zivar dehghani shams- al -hajiyeh ardalani seyed ahmad kazerooniRepetition and circle are the main axes of the formation of musical elements. This pattern is also found in the musical system of modern poetry and covers three inner, outer and aside music areas. Based on these patterns, Monzavi has created the music of his poems. This MoreRepetition and circle are the main axes of the formation of musical elements. This pattern is also found in the musical system of modern poetry and covers three inner, outer and aside music areas. Based on these patterns, Monzavi has created the music of his poems. This study aims to examine the music creator arrays in sonnets of the collection "HANJAREY ZAKHMI TAGHAZOL" (sore throat lyricism) and the method of using these elements and also their function in Monzavi poems has been shown. The findings of this research suggest that Monzavi use different ways for the musical richness of his own lyrics including: pay attention to the diversity of prosodic rhythms, employing useful rhythms, create proper meaning and thematic with the rhythm of prosody, pun utilizing, repetition, contrast, rhymes musical function that make his poems unison, totally, Monzavi poem musicality elements classified in four categories: Outer music, aside music, internal music and spiritual music. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Oath in Beyhaghi History
taghi amini fard zeynab torabiPersian literature in its long and vast history, has introduced great people who have created invaluable meanings and rituals and contributed greatly to the enhancement of a humane and humanitarian culture in the human society. Among the estimable and valuable rituals MorePersian literature in its long and vast history, has introduced great people who have created invaluable meanings and rituals and contributed greatly to the enhancement of a humane and humanitarian culture in the human society. Among the estimable and valuable rituals in Persian literature, the ritual of oath has a special status. BeyhaghiHistoryis one of the works in which the ritual of oath has been very frequently used. In this work, the author focuses on such topics as taking an oath, swearing somebody, swearing caliphs and emirs in, making an affidavit, and the presence of witnesses. The present article briefly covers these issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - An Uncertain Renewal Stock Model for Barrier Options Pricing with Floating Interest Rate
Behzad Abbasi Kazem NouriOption pricing is a main topic in contemporary financial theories, captivating the attention of numerous financial analysts and economists. Barrier option, classified as an exotic option, derives its value from the behavior of an underlying asset. The outcome of this o MoreOption pricing is a main topic in contemporary financial theories, captivating the attention of numerous financial analysts and economists. Barrier option, classified as an exotic option, derives its value from the behavior of an underlying asset. The outcome of this option is based on whether or not the price of the underlying asset has reached a predetermined barrier level. Over the years, the stock price has been represented through continuous stochastic processes, with the prominent one being the Brownian motion process. Correspondingly, the widely used Black-Scholes model has been employed. Nevertheless, it has become evident that utilizing stochastic differential equations to characterize the stock price process is unsuitable and leads to a perplexing paradox. As a result, many researchers have turned to incorporating fuzzy or uncertain environments in such situations. This study presents a methodology for pricing barrier options on stocks in an uncertain environment, in which the interarrival times are uncertain variables. The approach employs the Liu process and renewal uncertain process, considering the interest rate as dynamic and floating. The pricing formulas for knock-in barrier options are derived using α-paths of uncertain differential equations with jumps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Optimization of chitosan film and effect of mixing ratio in chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol coating on internal quality parameters of eggs
pezhman Riazi Kermani dariush khademi shurmasti Abdollah Alizadeh KarsalariTo optimize the chitosan film with level, molecular weight and solvent and then use it in the composite coating in the appropriate mixing ratio, in a completely random design using the 23 factorial methods with 3 factors, level (2 and 4 %), molecular weight (high and lo MoreTo optimize the chitosan film with level, molecular weight and solvent and then use it in the composite coating in the appropriate mixing ratio, in a completely random design using the 23 factorial methods with 3 factors, level (2 and 4 %), molecular weight (high and low) and solvent (acetic acid and citric acid), was carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan film. Then the selected film was incorporated in the chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating, aiming of achieving the optimal mixing ratio and affecting the internal quality parameters of eggs, in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments including uncoated eggs (control), coated with a pure coating of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol separately as well as composite coatings of chitosan: polyvinyl alcohol (25, 50 and 75% of each component). The results showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus (0.16 and 2.45 MPa, respectively) and water vapour impermeability (2.17.10-8 g/msPa) in 4% chitosan film with high molecular weight dissolved in acetic acid and the highest elongation at break (54.33%) was observed in chitosan film in citric acid (P<0.05). Also, eggs coated with chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol at 25:75 have the lowest weight loss (0.57%) and the highest values of Haugh unit (61.00) and yolk index (0.37) (P<0.05). Therefore, it is possible to use chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating in the optimal mixing ratio (25% chitosan: 75% polyvinyl alcohol) as a packaging material to extend the shelf life of eggs for at least 2 weeks at ambient temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Effect of active composite coating enriched with Echinacea purpurea L. Moench extract on the shelf life of Oncorhynchuus mykiss fillet during cold storage
mojtaba ghorbani dariush khademi shurmasti Yasaman Fahim DezhbanTo investigate the effect of active composite coating carboxymethyl cellulose-based on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuus mykiss) fillet during refrigerator temperature storage, an experiment for 12 days with 5 treatments including uncoated (control), carbox MoreTo investigate the effect of active composite coating carboxymethyl cellulose-based on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuus mykiss) fillet during refrigerator temperature storage, an experiment for 12 days with 5 treatments including uncoated (control), carboxymethyl cellulose 1%, carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid 1%, carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid-Echinacea extract (0.5% or 1%) and 3 replications was carried out. Chemical (PV, TBARS, and TVN) and microbial (TVC and PTC) tests were performed on the fillets every 3 days. The results showed that oleic acid improved the protective effect of carboxymethyl cellulose coating. The antioxidant and antibacterial effect of Echinacea extract was concentration dependent. At the end of the storage period, the lowest values of PV (3.90±0.11 meq/kg), TBARS (1.24±0.27 mg MDA/kg), TVN (21.90±1.83 mg/100g), TVC (5.10±0.10 log cfu/g) and PTC (5.23±0.06 log cfu/g) were found in fillets containing active composite coating of carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid-1% Echinacea extract (P <0.05). Therefore, the composite coating of carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid-1% Echinacea extract can be used as an active packaging to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets during short-term storage at refrigerator temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite coating on internal quality and eggshell morphology during storage at ambient temperature
ali akbar sharifi dariush khademi shurmastiIn order to investigate the effect of biodegradable nanocomposite edible coatings carboxymethylcellulose-based on the internal quality and morphology of the table eggshell surface an experimental with 120 eggs in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 re MoreIn order to investigate the effect of biodegradable nanocomposite edible coatings carboxymethylcellulose-based on the internal quality and morphology of the table eggshell surface an experimental with 120 eggs in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates were performed. Treatments included uncoated eggs (control), eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose coating, eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid coating and eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid-nanoclay nanocomposite coating. Coating was done by immersion method and the eggs were stored at ambient temperature (25±1oc) for 5 weeks. Internal quality parameters were evaluated at the end of weeks 1, 3 and 5 and eggshell surface morphology at the beginning and end of the experimental period. The results showed that eggs containing nanocomposite coating at the end of storage period have the lowest percentage of weight loss and the lowest numerical value of thiobarbituric acid index (P <0.05) and the highest numerical value of albumen pH, the highest numerical values of yolk index and haugh units (P <0.05). In addition, the surface of the eggshell containing nanocomposite coating was more integrated and less porous and fractured than the control group. Therefore, the nanocomposite coating of carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid-nanoclay can be used as a biocompatible packaging for storage eggs at ambient temperature for 5 weeks without adversely affecting the internal quality and eggshell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Investigating the chemical and microbial parameters of spoilage and determining the shelf life of Cyprinus carpio fillet Under the influence of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing Salvia officinalis extract
Moammad Esmaeili Yasaman Fahim DezhbanIn the present study, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose oral active coating containing salvia officinalis extract on the quality and shelf life of common carp fillet during the storage period in the refrigerator (4±1℃) was investigated. Common carp fillets in MoreIn the present study, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose oral active coating containing salvia officinalis extract on the quality and shelf life of common carp fillet during the storage period in the refrigerator (4±1℃) was investigated. Common carp fillets in five control groups were treated with carboxymethyl cellulose coating without extract and containing 0.5% and 1% sage extract and kept in refrigerator for 12 days, chemical (pH, TVN, PV, TBA) and microbial (Total and Psychrophilic bacterial load) indicators were investigated. The results of this research confirm the better performance of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing 1% sage extract compared to other treatments; So that the chemical indices and amounts of total and Psychrophilic bacteria as microbial indices of quality control of had better results than other treatments until the end of the storage period and showed was able to provide acceptable quality by reducing the Total bacterial amount and the amount of Psychrophilic bacteria in the samples. According to the results of the evaluation chemical indicators affecting spoilage, the application of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing 1% of sage extract can more effectively cause damage by controlling and reducing the oxidation of lipids than other treatments. Maintain the quality of common carp fillets during the storage period. Therefore, Salvia officinalis extract, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as a natural biological preservative in combination with coating of carboxymethyl cellulose, can be used as a method to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of common carp fillets during storage in the refrigerator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Asbestos Presence in a Factory that Produced Asbestos-Containing Products
H. FajkovićIn 2007, research was carried out to determine the type and amount of asbestos fibers in a Croatian factory with a long history of making asbestos-containing products.Since the 1970s, asbestos fibres have been considered carcinogenic in humans i.e as a known cancer-caus MoreIn 2007, research was carried out to determine the type and amount of asbestos fibers in a Croatian factory with a long history of making asbestos-containing products.Since the 1970s, asbestos fibres have been considered carcinogenic in humans i.e as a known cancer-causing agent. In the environment, asbestos fibres are inactive and naturally resist biodegradation. In time, fibres can only be ground into smaller particles by mechanical force. These small particles in the air present a health hazard. Because of their small size, shape and durability, asbestos fibres can easily be inhaled and stick to the lung tissue, causing serious respiratory problems. Among these are diseases with long latency periods of 10 to 40 years such as: asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer. Asbestos is the generic, industrial name for a group of six minerals determined by common size and inherent physical properties. Crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite are all asbestos minerals from the amphibole mineral group. The sixth mineral, chrysotile, is a mineral from the serpentine mineral group. Asbestos fibres are particles longer than, or equal to, five μm with a length to width ratio greater than or equal to 3:1; however, the ratio can be higher than 20 or even 1000. They are inflammable, thermally stable, resistant to biodegradation, chemically inert to most chemicals and have low electrical conductivity. Because of these attributes, asbestos was heartily embraced in industrial production.Different methods are used to determine the type and quantity of asbestos fibres in the air. Some of the most common methods and instruments are: polarizing light microscopy (PLM), phase contrast optical microscopy (PCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), analysis with electron diffraction spectra (SAED) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Some of above-mentioned methods (PCM, PLM, XRD) are currently popular due to their low cost, but using these methods exclusively could lead to false estimates of asbestos levels. It is hard to distinguish asbestos fibres from certain other fibres like artifacts, organic or inorganic. Therefore, it is important to observe not only the habit of minerals, but also the chemical composition of them. A combination of SEM and EDS gives information about both the habit and the chemical composition of the observed fibers, and so is suitable for asbestos analysis. Different methods of analysis are displayed and compared in this paper. Analyses were made using SEM with EDS and XRD. All samples were collected in working areas of a factory which used asbestos in production. Presence of different types of asbestos was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - A Review of Slow-release Fertilizers from the Perspective of the Environment and Economy, and its Future in Iran and the World
Hassan Seddighi Keivan Shayesteh Mahsa ArjmandSlow-release fertilizers prevent the rapid release of nutrients by creating a barrier. These fertilizers are produced in two ways: coated and matrix. Slow-release fertilizers can reduce nutrient loss and cause more use of plant needs. This will increase the efficiency a MoreSlow-release fertilizers prevent the rapid release of nutrients by creating a barrier. These fertilizers are produced in two ways: coated and matrix. Slow-release fertilizers can reduce nutrient loss and cause more use of plant needs. This will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of fertilizer. The process of producing fertilizers, including nitrogen fertilizers, is growing yearly in Iran and the world. This trend can also be predicted to continue in the coming years. Research on slow-release fertilizers shows that their production and consumption are increasing globally. Many sulfur is produced in refineries in Iran due to significant oil and gas sources. As a result, slow-release fertilizers can be made cheaper in Iran by creating sulfur coating compared to other countries. This article aims to examine the use of slow-release fertilizers, their advantages and disadvantages, and to present their production method. Also, this study investigates the rate of production of slow-release fertilizers in the world. This article can provide helpful information to investors, producers, farmers, and consumers interested in slow-release fertilizers and their role in agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effect of applied current density on microhardness and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings
Fatemeh Borzooei Sirus Javadpour Alireza Jahanbin Hamed Aghili mehdi nasrollahi nezhad fardCobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating MoreCobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating matrix, amorphous Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 and Co-P coatings were produced on a ST37 steel substrate using electrochemical deposition. The effect of current density on the morphology of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the weight percentages of elements present in the coatings were analyzed using EDS analysis. Microhardness and corrosion resistance were also examined. The addition of reinforcing nanoparticles to the cobalt-phosphorus alloy matrix increased the hardness of the nanocomposite coatings. It should be noted that increasing the current density up to an optimal level increases the hardness, and then decreases it. The results of the Tafel and EIS analyses on the nanocomposite coatings indicate an increase in corrosion resistance with an enhancement in current density up to 100 mA/cm2 for both alloy and nanocomposite samples, which is due to an increase in the weight percentage of phosphorus and the formation of a surface protective layer. In addition, the presence of reinforcing nanoparticles in the matrix prevents corrosive medium from reaching the coating surface, improving its corrosion resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Convenient Synthesis of benzo[f][1,3,4]thiadiazocin derivatives
Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigation of increasing surface hardness of 316L stainless steel using amorphous aluminum phosphate coating
tara bazdar Abdolmajid Eslami ahmad monshi Fatemehsadat Sayyedan Alireza AbbaslooIn this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this MoreIn this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this synthesis, ethanol-based aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and phosphorus oxide precursor solutions were used. It was heated to 70 ° C for 15 minutes to obtain a clear sol with 75% by weight of aluminum phosphate and a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphorus of 1.75. After activating the surface of steel plates and immersion in aluminum phosphate sol, it was heated in three stages of one minute for 24 hours at 65 ° C and 30 minutes at 500 ° C. Continuous X-RAY diffraction pattern proved the existence of an amorphous structure and showed that it is controlled with some extra aluminum. Scanning electron microscopy images and spectroscopic analysis showed that the peeling of the coating in marble-activated samples was better than that of Aqua-Regia and Loria. The microhardness test on the heat-treated sample at 500 ° C showed a threefold increase in hardness compared to the substrate metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The Application of Taguchi method in Optimization of Tool Flank Wear in High-Speed Machining
ata Fardaghaie mehdi Jalali AzizpourThe purpose of this study was to predict the optimal conditions of machining parameters including tool coating method, cutting speed, advancement rate, and cutting depth to minimize tool flank wear in AISI 4140 hardened steel machining, with PVD and CVD coated tools. In MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the optimal conditions of machining parameters including tool coating method, cutting speed, advancement rate, and cutting depth to minimize tool flank wear in AISI 4140 hardened steel machining, with PVD and CVD coated tools. In recent years, the trend towards cutting tool coating technology has increased with increasing cutting speed and advancement rate. These tools are coated using two different methods: physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The L18 orthogonal array was designed by Taguchi experiments and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was used to optimize the parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to determine the importance of effective parameters. Finally, the validation test was performed using the Taguchi optimization method to validate and show the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the tool with PVD coating has the best performance for minimum tool wear. Also, cutting speed was the most important parameter affecting tool wear. The results of the confirmation test showed that the Taguchi method is a reliable and successful method for optimizing machining parameters for minimum tool wear in AISI 4140 high-speed steel turning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating the use of TiO2 and TiO2 microparticles waterproofed with nanotechnology in epoxy paint composite coatings on X52 steel
Amir Kazemi Ahmad Menshi Mehdi BoroujerdniaIn this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of MoreIn this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of epoxy paint. and in order to investigate their behavior, they were applied on API 5L X52 steel and then their properties were investigated by conducting corrosion and wear tests. The thickness of the coatings was checked by a digital thickness gauge. The corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings was evaluated using the polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results of the corrosion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coatings, the corrosion resistance was improved, and also the composite coating of epoxy paint with 5% by weight of the hydrophobic TiO2 reinforcement showed better corrosion resistance than other samples. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX was used to examine the morphological properties of the surface. In order to check the dispersion of micro particles in the field of coating, Map analysis was taken from the samples. The results obtained from Map analysis have shown the appropriate and uniform distribution of hydrophobic particles in the field of epoxy coating. The wear resistance of the coatings was performed by the bullet test machine on the disc. The results of the abrasion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coating, the abrasion resistance of the coating increased, but by comparing the epoxy composite samples, it was found that the hydrophobicity of the reinforcing particles had no effect on the abrasion resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Exploitative leadership and employees' creativity: An analysis of the mediating role of organizational cynicism
Mohsen Aref Nezhad Fariborz Fathi Chegeni Ahmad Ghobadi Alvar Mohammad Hatami NeghadContext: In today's era, it has become clear to everyone that the existence of creative and motivated human resources is one of the reasons for the economic leadership of organizations and their not falling behind in the field of competition. Meanwhile, various factors MoreContext: In today's era, it has become clear to everyone that the existence of creative and motivated human resources is one of the reasons for the economic leadership of organizations and their not falling behind in the field of competition. Meanwhile, various factors affect the creativity of employees, which include exploitative leadership and organizational cynicism.Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between exploitative leadership and employees' creativity with the mediating role of organizational cynicism in Lorestan University.Research method: The present descriptive-exploratory research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on the deductive research and positivism paradigm in term of philosophy. The statistical population of the study was 440 employees of Lorestan University. Based on Morgan's table, a sample of 205 people was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, the (Schmid et al’s, 2019) exploative leadership Questionnaire, (Wang et al’s, 2013), creativity Questionnaire and the (Dean et al’s, 1998) organizational cynicism Questionnaire were used and Their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and PLS software have been used.Findings: Findings show that exploative leadership has a negative and significant relationship with employees' creativity and a positive and significant relationship with organizational cynicism, organizational cynicism has a negative and significant relationship with employees' creativity, also exploative leadership has a significant negative relationship with employees' creativity through organizational cynicism.Conclusion: Exploitative leaders who, with all their selfishness, are highly focused on achieving their personal goals and do not spare any effort in this direction, have caused dissatisfaction and a feeling of organizational cynicism in employees, which causes negative thoughts towards The organization and the feeling of frustration and discouragement among the employees will increase, as a result of which their creativity will decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Inhibitory effects of non-chemical agents on Penicillium expansum and other decay fungi in apple
Tahmineh Naeem Abadi Mansoureh Keshavarzi Majid Hashemi Hossain MirdehghanBlue mold caused by Peniciliium expansum Link. is a major postharvest decay agent in apple fruit. In this research, the efficacy of two non-chemical compounds including chitosan and carnoba coating wax and Imazalil in inhibiting blue mold in apple cvs. Golden deli MoreBlue mold caused by Peniciliium expansum Link. is a major postharvest decay agent in apple fruit. In this research, the efficacy of two non-chemical compounds including chitosan and carnoba coating wax and Imazalil in inhibiting blue mold in apple cvs. Golden delicious and Red delicious and their association with polyphenol content was studied in laboratory condition. Additionally, the effect of two antagonistis (Trichoderma atroviride and T. haziamum) on a number of decaying fungi including Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria alternata, P. expansum, Ulocladium sp., Aspergilus sp., Cladosporium fulvum and Monilia sp. was determined. Fungicide Imazalil and distilled water were used as controls. Based on the results, Golden delicious was more susceptible to P. expansum than Red delicious. In both cultivars, chitosan treatment reduced P. expansum decay in fruit and its growth in culture medium. The least to the most decay severities were observed in Imazalil, chitosan+Imizalil, chitosan, chitosan+wax and wax treatments and chitosan treatment reduced it up to 97% Polyphenol concentration was higher in Red delicious than Golden delicious and the most to the least polyphenol concentration were detected in chitosan, chitosan+Imizalil, chitosan+wax, Imizalil, wax and control (distilled water) treatments, respectively. Negative correlations were found between polyphenol concentration and P. expansum susceptibility and treatment (R=-0.989and -0.68, respectively). Accordingly, inducible and constitutive polyphenols might contribute in apple resistance to blue mold and in chitosan-induced protection. Both Trichoderma species in particulr T. atroviride inhibited all decaying agents. Based on these results, chitosan can be recommended as an effective nonchemical agent for apple protection against blue mold but carnoba wax has no protective effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - A review on the use of gums in the production of biopolymer-based nanocapsules in the production of ultra-beneficial dairy products
Alireza Saeed Gohari leila NateghiNowadays, the production and consumption of functional foods is increasing in the world. This increase is due to the health-giving effects of these foods, which can help in maintaining and improving the favorable physical and mental condition of humans. Dairy products a MoreNowadays, the production and consumption of functional foods is increasing in the world. This increase is due to the health-giving effects of these foods, which can help in maintaining and improving the favorable physical and mental condition of humans. Dairy products are an important part of this market. In addition to their inherent health benefits, these products provide some of the most important nutrients needed by the body, such as calcium, protein, and riboflavin. They can also be used in enriched foods as carriers of nutraceuticals . Encapsulation is a process in which nutrients and nutraceuticals are trapped in a wall system and protected against adverse environmental conditions. One of the encapsulation methods is the use of biopolymer-based nanocapsules using protein and polysaccharides. Gums are polysaccharides with high molecular weight and hydrophilic polymers that are found in the form of tree and shrub secretions, plant and seaweed extracts, seed flour, seed mucilage, viscous glazes resulting from fermentation processes and many other natural products, and are highly used in They are the food industry. Among these applications, we can mention increasing viscosity, modifying texture, controlling crystallization, preventing syneresis, film production, etc. One of their relatively new applications is the production of biological nanocomplexes, in which a protein is used to create a complex and form a nanocapsule Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A review on the use of gums in the production of biopolymer-based nano capsules in the production of dairy products
Alireza Saeed Gohari leila Nateghi Laden Rashidi Shila BerengyToday, the production and consumption of functional foods is increasing in the world. This increase is due to the health-giving effects of these foods, which can help in maintaining and improving the favorable physical and mental condition of humans. Dairy products are MoreToday, the production and consumption of functional foods is increasing in the world. This increase is due to the health-giving effects of these foods, which can help in maintaining and improving the favorable physical and mental condition of humans. Dairy products are an important part of this market. In addition to their inherent health benefits, these products provide some of the most important nutrients needed by the body, such as calcium, protein, and riboflavin. They can also be used in enriched foods as carriers of special and nutritious substances. Microencapsulation is a process in which bioactive and ultra-special materials are trapped in a wall system and protected against adverse environmental conditions. For this reason, its use in the production of functional foods and materials is increasing. One of the microencapsulation methods is the use of biopolymer-based nano-capsules using protein and polysaccharides. Gums are polysaccharides with high molecular weight and hydrophilic polymers that are found in the form of tree and shrub secretions, plant and seaweed extracts, seed flour, seed mucilage, viscous glazes resulting from fermentation processes and many other natural products, and are highly used in They are the food industry. Among these applications, we can mention viscosity increase, texture modification, crystallization control, syneresis prevention, film production, etc. One of their relatively new applications is the production of biological nanocomplexes, in which a protein is used to create a complex and form a nano capsule. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Formulate Number Cycle of Fracture by the Thickness of the Warm Galvanizing Coating on the Fatigue
Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh Alireza ArghavanThe purpose of this article is to predict the number cycle of fracture on the different thicknesses of the warm galvanizing coating on plated parts using the micron scale. For this study, the abovementioned coating with the thickness of 13 & 19 were coated on standa MoreThe purpose of this article is to predict the number cycle of fracture on the different thicknesses of the warm galvanizing coating on plated parts using the micron scale. For this study, the abovementioned coating with the thickness of 13 & 19 were coated on standard specimens who were made of CK45 steel under the same conditions. Then, the S-N curve of each sample was attained empirically according to the standard fatigue testing. Using these results, the constant coefficient of statistical fatigue on the parts was calculated. The k ratio was also calculated according to the thickness of warm galvanizing coating using the two methods of Lagrange and Neville Interpolation and finally we offered an equation by which we can estimate the required cycles of fracture by knowing the thickness of coating with each specified stress under fatigue phenomenon. The calculated results significantly corresponded to experimental results. To ensure the accuracy of the research, the results of the two methods were compared with one another. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Optimization of two dimensional structures, using minimum growth ground method with floating nodes
Ali Ghoddosian Saber Meskar Jahan abadOptimization techniques based on basic structure and the minimum growth ground method and stationary nodes, are among useful and effective methods in finding optimal discrete structures. But the slow optimization process of the base structure method for two-dimensional MoreOptimization techniques based on basic structure and the minimum growth ground method and stationary nodes, are among useful and effective methods in finding optimal discrete structures. But the slow optimization process of the base structure method for two-dimensional Large-scale structures and the large number of basic structural elements, waste a lot of time to solve problems. The fixed nodes of the truss in minimum growth ground method with fixed nodes, which in some cases makes structures to find a local optimum. In this article we have tried to provide a new method, optimization of cross section and truss topology are in a way that the aforementioned problems are solved as far as possible and for this purpose the algorithm of growth ground method with floating nodes are suggested. In this method, instead of starting with the base structure with the most possible members of the structure, we start with a structure with minimum members and the basic structure grows until it satisfies the conditions and all nodes are added to the structure in a floating mode. Then, in this paper several standard example are used which are coded using MATLAB software and the obtained results in the form of growth ground method with floating nodes using optimization algorithm of particle swarm is compared to other methods. The results show that growth ground method with floating nodes has a very high Convergence rate compared to growth ground method and more Absolute optimization compared to the minimum growth ground method with fixed nodes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Production of bioplastics by bacilli isolated from the landfill of waste and sewage in Golestan province
Amin Lotfvarzi seyed Taleb houseini Ali Bagheri hashem abad Hamid reza Pordeli Farhad Yolmeh Ania Ahani azariMillions of tons of plastics are produced annually in the world, which are very durable and take hundreds of years to decompose on their own. Bioplastics are a special type of plastic that is produced from sources of vegetable oils, starches, cellulose or bacterial deri MoreMillions of tons of plastics are produced annually in the world, which are very durable and take hundreds of years to decompose on their own. Bioplastics are a special type of plastic that is produced from sources of vegetable oils, starches, cellulose or bacterial derivatives and is very different from ordinary plastics in this regard, which will be a good alternative to plastics in the future. 70 samples were collected from waste recycling site, cultured and purified on nutrient agar and these samples were stained with blue indigo staining method to detect polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) generating isolates And cultured for 2 days at 37 ° C in Minimal Broth Davis medium.After placing the samples on the slide and staining according to the intensity of the color that was created, it was used to produce bioplastics. The results of this study showed that the microorganism Bacillus cereus produces abundant poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in both environments (wastewater and soil), which is used to produce bioplastics on both laboratory and industrial scales. According to the results, the production of bioplastics is possible through bacilli isolated from bacterial isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Competition of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack) Lines with Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and its Different Densities
M. Najjari Sadeghi, B. Mirshekari A.H. HosseinZadeh Moghbeli S. Baser KouchebaghTo study competitive effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua) with triticale lines an experiment was conducted at Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran during 2011-2012 with 3 replications. Treatments were 19 triticale MoreTo study competitive effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua) with triticale lines an experiment was conducted at Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran during 2011-2012 with 3 replications. Treatments were 19 triticale lines and 6 densities of wild oat (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 plants m-2). Results indicated that effects of wild oat densities on thousand seed weight and seed yield of triticale lines were significant at 1% probability level. Also, tiller number per plant and biological yield of triticale lines were affected by the weed densities. While, wild oat traits under study were not affected by triticale lines. Hexaploid lines of triticale could tolerate 40 weed plants m-2 without any significant reduction in1000 seed weight. Wild oat density of 120 and higher plants m-2 had negative effect on seed yield of hexaploid lines of triticale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Grain Yield and Growth Traits of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as Affected by Interference with Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana L.)
Farshad SorkhiA pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of root, shoot and full plant interference of barley by wild oat on leaf characteristics and root to shoot ratio. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete design with four replicati MoreA pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of root, shoot and full plant interference of barley by wild oat on leaf characteristics and root to shoot ratio. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete design with four replications. The treatments consisted of four interference levels control, root, shoot and full plant interferences) and four wild oat densities (2, 4, 6 and 8 plants/pot). The effects of full plant and root interferences of barley and wild oat traits were higher than shoot interference. Full and below ground interactions of both species decreased the grain yield, flag leaf area and its chlorophyll content significantly, as compared to above ground interaction and control. All traits under study of wild oat were reduced by above ground interaction compared to control. Grain yield of barley and wild oat showed highest sensitivity to interaction of treatments. There was no significant difference between full and root interferences. Increasing plant density of wild oat decreased per plant seed yield, flag leaf area and chlorophyll content of barley leaf. Reduction of barley grain yield concering root, shoot and full interferences, as compared with control, were 28.75, 73.09 and 77.22 percent respectively. Results also revealed that interference of roots increased competitative ability of oats against barley. This indicates higher sensitivity of shoot than root to interference competition. This ratio for wild oat was more than barley. Therefore wild oat has higher rooting ability as compared to barley. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Principle Of Gain Of Proof At Iran and England's Criminal Procedure.
mohammad amin farid ali amirzadeh khyiabaniAmong the reasons that are documented for guilt proof in Iran and England, are legitimately-gained reasons. Both justice systems avoid illegitimately-gained reasons and regard documenting to those reasons in justice system as lacking legal basis. So, reasons gained on t MoreAmong the reasons that are documented for guilt proof in Iran and England, are legitimately-gained reasons. Both justice systems avoid illegitimately-gained reasons and regard documenting to those reasons in justice system as lacking legal basis. So, reasons gained on the basis of scientific and intellectual principles are among the reasons trusted in the two justice systems. Moreover, these reasons are considered as reasons that, with regard to their gaining process , less speculation is observed in them. On the other hand, in Iranian justice system, judge can judge according to strong evidence. Although judge ̓s knowledge in Iranian justice system is regarded as proving reasons, in private law it is not regarded as proving reasons. Unless it is placed in standard evidences and circumstantial evidences. However, this knowledge can be considered as one of the legitimate reasons. The writer in this paper wants to analyze the legitimation of proof gain in two legal systems, express present challenges in globalization process of criminal law and to confirm fair judgment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Manifestations of the conflict of qassama with the principle of innocence in the islamic law and the feasibility of adjusting the guarantee of its implementation in the light of scientific and jurisprudential evidence.
valiollah ansari soleyman jadidi saray kiyoumars DarnaklaCompurgation is one of the ways of proving of crime or presumption of innocence that is referred in the case of realization of contamination or lack of other evidence. Strong suspicion contamination is obtained for the judge (court) regarding the truth of the claimant's MoreCompurgation is one of the ways of proving of crime or presumption of innocence that is referred in the case of realization of contamination or lack of other evidence. Strong suspicion contamination is obtained for the judge (court) regarding the truth of the claimant's claim. Compurgation decree is not mentioned in Holy Quran and it is based on the narrations and hadiths and its philosophy in Islam is protecting the people blood and maintaining public discipline for prevention of murdering and blood loss. The majority of Imami and public jurists believe that compurgation is establishment decree in Islam. There are different opinions among jurisprudents on the scope of inclusion and it's proving power so that Imami jurists believe in compurgation as the reason for proving crime (intentional or non-intentional) or crime on organs for presumption of retribution or blood money or innocence of the criminal. On the other hand, the presumption of innocent is one of the fundamental principles of Islam and common law that according to it, innocent of the criminal is assumed and the accused has no duty to provide reason for proving being innocent and the judge shall prove the reasons for accusations without any reasonable doubts. Regarding compurgation that its prerequisite is contamination, there manifestations of conflicts in some features of compurgation in Islamic jurisprudent and punishment law such as manner of proving compurgation and the origin of it, proving contamination and manner of proving the kinship and etc. with presumption of innocence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Rule of Legislation of Oath and its Effectiveness in the Present Age
Farid Najafnia Mohammadreza Shirazi Abbas SamavatiNowadays, due to the advancement of technology and scientific and practical skills of criminologists, the detection of crime and criminals has been facilitated. The implementation of oath for proving guilt or innocence is criticized by jurists but has been accepted from MoreNowadays, due to the advancement of technology and scientific and practical skills of criminologists, the detection of crime and criminals has been facilitated. The implementation of oath for proving guilt or innocence is criticized by jurists but has been accepted from the perspective of the religion of Islam because of the importance it attaches to the lives of human beings and the security of Islamic society. The results of the present study indicate that despite the arguments presented by the proponents and opponents of the use of oath in the current era, in Iran, new arguments to replace oath have not yet found their proper importance and position, and therefore, new and alternative arguments are not included in the Islamic Penal Code for an independent reason; Rather, in the form of specialized expertise and as a judicial evidence, it can ultimately provide the judge with knowledge about the correctness and validity of the subject matter, and the judicial courts still resort to swearing in cases of presumption. The author uses a descriptive-analytical method to identify the rules of oath legislation and also its efficiency or inefficiency despite the new arguments in the present era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Challenges of the institution of oath; Possibility Refusal Replacement In Iran Criminal Law
Abolhasan Mojtahed Solaymani Maryam AghahpourOne of the evidence of proving mass in the Iranian criminal system is several. Given the constraints that encounter problems in order to prove crime, providing an alternative to the institution seems vital. One of the alternatives that can play a role as several, is the MoreOne of the evidence of proving mass in the Iranian criminal system is several. Given the constraints that encounter problems in order to prove crime, providing an alternative to the institution seems vital. One of the alternatives that can play a role as several, is the Emirates of judiciary (scientific evidence), which due to the advancement of science, has a certain position among other evidences. Jurisprudential reasons are also certified by the legitimacy of the judiciary, and it is one of the valid ways in the implementation of justice. According to the notation of the proof of criminal proof, the evidence of proving crime in al-Nas, particularly the crime against the physical integrity of individuals, the advancement of science and techniques and the existence of scientific and accurate methods such as fingerprinting, faculty, biology, science, reference to the expert and likewise, the judicial emirate can be benefited from the proof of crime as an alternative. The present study relies on the sources of jurisprudence, seeks to explain this alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Evaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of the predominant LAB isolated from oat sourdough
Fahimeh Hajinia A. Sadeghi A. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. Khomeiri Y. Maghsoudlou A. MoayediEvaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different sourdoughs is so important to prepare microbial cultures for fermentation industries. In the present study, a predominant LAB was isolated from oat sourdough thro MoreEvaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different sourdoughs is so important to prepare microbial cultures for fermentation industries. In the present study, a predominant LAB was isolated from oat sourdough through the back-slopping process, and then it was identified using PCR. Subsequently, probiotic properties of the LAB isolate (including resistance to acid and bile, antibacterial effect, auto and co-aggregations capabilities, antibiotic susceptibility and hemolytic activity), as well as its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger were studied. Sequencing results of the PCR products led to the identification of Pediococcus pentosaceus as predominant LAB isolated from oat sourdough. The survival rate of the LAB isolates after continuous acid and bile treatment was 59.80% in comparison with the control. The antibacterial effect of the LAB on Bacillus cereus was also significantly (p < /em><0.05) higher than the other studied food-borne pathogenic agents. Crude cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the LAB completely inhibited the growth of B. cereus, but reduced the growth of Salmonella enterica by 65.68%. Meanwhile, naturalized CFS of the LAB had no inhibitory effect on these bacteria. Furthermore, the LAB isolates had a proper co-aggregation with Escherichia coli, and showed resistance towards streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and vancomycin antibiotics. The LAB isolates had no hemolytic activity, and its antifungal effect on A. niger was also approved. Accordingly, P. pentosaceus isolate has proper potential to use as probiotic or preservative microbial culture in fermentation industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of edible carrageenan- Mentha longifolia essential oil coating on microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics of fresh chicken fillet during refrigeration storage
S. Kiani Ghalesard A. Fazlara M. Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi M. PourmahdiThe coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated MoreThe coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated storage. Samples were separated into three groups: uncoated (control), coated with carrageenan and coated with carrageenan contained essential oil (Mentha longifolia) were stored at refrigerator temperature for 21 days and were evaluated for microbial (psychrotrophic and mesophilic) counts, chemical properties [pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)] and sensory characteristics (appearance, muscles elasticity, odor, and color). The results of the bacterial analysis showed that coating with carrageenan and carrageenan- essential oil coatings had significant effects on delaying the increasing trend of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacterial counts as compared to control. Chemically, carrageenan-essential oil treatment showed lower TBA, TVN, and pH values than the other two groups during storage (P< 0.01). Moreover, the carrageenan and carrageenan contained essential oil treatments maintained sensorial factors at acceptable levels for 3 and 9 days respectively. Based on the results of the present study, carrageenan coating did not have the ability to extend the shelf life of chicken fillets but, the carrageenan-essential oil coating could extend the shelf life of chicken fillets for 9 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The effect of biocomposite coating based on Opopanax mucilage and gelatin containing zinc oxide nanoparticles enriched by peppermint (Mentha piperita L) essential oil on the microbial and sensory properties characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Mohammad Javad Rashidi leila Roozbeh nasiraie Shahin Zomorodi Sara JafarianConsidering the possible adverse effects on the sensory properties of food due to the use of essential oils in effective concentrations for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the use of combined methods can be effective. In this study, the effect of coating combina MoreConsidering the possible adverse effects on the sensory properties of food due to the use of essential oils in effective concentrations for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the use of combined methods can be effective. In this study, the effect of coating combination of gelatin and Opopanax mucilage containing 0.5% zinc oxide nanoparticles, enriched by concentrations of 0, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 % of peppermint essential oil and modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) on preventing the growth of microbial population rainbow trout fillets were evaluated during 20 days of storage in the refrigerator. The results showed that in all treatments the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, and coliforms as well as pH increased during the storage period but decreased by increasing peppermint essential oil (p<0.05). Also, the microbial load in treatments with a coating containing nanoparticles and MAP was significantly lower than in the control sample (p<0.05). The results of sensory evaluation also showed that the odor and color scores of the samples decreased during storage, which was the highest in the control and the lowest in the NPEO3 treatment (p<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation were consistent with the results of microbial analysis. According to the results obtained in this study, using the mixture of 0.5 % zinc oxide nanoparticles and 50% peppermint essential oil in edible coating composed of Opopanax mucilage and gelatin for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet up to the 15th day is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effects of black seed oil and rosemary extract coating on egg shelf life at refrigerator temperature
Ali Khodadadi Baighout Afshin Javadi Sodeif Azadmard Hamid Mirzaei Younes AnzabiEggs are highly perishable due to high moisture content and nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating with black seed oil and rosemary extract on egg physical, chemical, functional and microbial characteristics. For this purpose, 300 eggs consiste MoreEggs are highly perishable due to high moisture content and nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating with black seed oil and rosemary extract on egg physical, chemical, functional and microbial characteristics. For this purpose, 300 eggs consisted of control group, eggs coated with black seed oil, and samples coated with black seed oil and 1, 2, and 3% rosemary extract were prepared. Throughout the six weeks of storage at 4 °C, thickness, weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, pH, amount of egg white foam production and microbial features were investigated. The weight loss in the control group was 6.64 and 4.80 g in the control group and the treatment with 3% rosemary extract, respectively. In the control group, Haugh unit was decreased from about 75 on the first day to 31.38 after six weeks storage. Haugh unit in the egg group coated with 3% rosemary extract was 41.76. The microbial load of shell after six weeks of storage in the control sample was 4.59 log CFU/g, and in the samples coated with black seed oil alone and in the presence of 1%, 2% and 3% rosemary extract were 4.32 and 3.99, 3.27, 2.30 log CFU/g, respectively. Due to the bactericidal effect of coating components, egg-shell microbial load was decreased. The coating was able to increase the shelf life up to six weeks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Retrospective study on the prevalence of Hydatid cyst, Fasciola species and Dicrocelium dendriticum in the liver of sheep and goats slaughtered in Saveh slaughterhouse, Markazi province and the estimation of economic losses caused by their liver condemnation from 2014 to 2020
Nasser HajipourSome zoonotic parasites such as Hydatid cyst, Fasciola species and Dicrocelium dendriticum cause death and economic losses in ruminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of liver parasites in sheep and goats slaughtered in Saveh slaughterhous MoreSome zoonotic parasites such as Hydatid cyst, Fasciola species and Dicrocelium dendriticum cause death and economic losses in ruminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of liver parasites in sheep and goats slaughtered in Saveh slaughterhouse and to estimate the economic losses caused by their condemnation. In a retrospective study, from April 2014 to April 2020, a total of 58,699 animals including 13,044 goats and 45,655 sheep were inspected in Saveh slaughterhouse for liver contamination with Hydatid cyst, Fasciola species and Dicrocelium dendriticum. The results showed that 72.85% of the animals were infected with parasites, 41.18%, 28.08%, and, 3.58% were infected with Dicrocelium dendriticum, Hydatid cyst, and Fasciola species, respectively. There was a statistically significant. The rate of infection with Dicrocelium dendriticum, Hydatid cyst and Fasciola species was 21.70%, 17.44%, and 1.33% in sheep and 16.48%, 10.64%, and 2.25% in goats, respectively. Statistically, the prevalence rate of liver infection with seasons was not significant except for 2015. The economic losses caused by the condemnation of the liver of slaughtered sheep and goats were estimated at 23,324,560,000 Rials ($241,330.16). With the high prevalence of parasitic diseases in small ruminants in the region and the economic losses caused by the condemnation of infected livers, and due to the fact that these diseases are zoonotic, it is crucial to use appropriate management methods to prevent or control the disease by competent authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating and optimizing the effect of combined coating of whey protein concentrate, maltodextrin and rosemary essence on the chemical properties of tilapia fish during cold storage
Sahar Mirbagheri Azadeh Salimi Ashkan jebelli javan Sara mehdizadeh moodpolyunsaturated fatty acids, and pH. One of the methods which can control the spoilage rate is the use of natural coatings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating Tilapia fish fillets with whey protein concentrate (10, 15, and 20% w/w), maltodextrin (15, Morepolyunsaturated fatty acids, and pH. One of the methods which can control the spoilage rate is the use of natural coatings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating Tilapia fish fillets with whey protein concentrate (10, 15, and 20% w/w), maltodextrin (15, 20, and 25% w/w), and rosemary essential oil (1, 3 and 5% v/w). The optimization of the process was conducted by response surface methodology and Design Expert software. For this purpose, 18 models were presented by the software, and the samples were immersed in the produced solutions and were kept at 4 °C for 6 days. After this period, peroxide value (PV), Thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN), and pH were measured. The results showed that by increasing the concentration of biopolymers and essential oil, all the investigated parameters were in lower limits, and in the sample coated with the maximum concentration of substances, the values of PV, TBARS acid, TVBN, and pH (in 100 grams), were 1.05 meq, 0.05 mg, 5.7 mg and 6.2, respectively, while these values for the coated sample with minimum concentrations, were 3.44 meq, 0.305 mg, 10.85 mg and 6.79 respectively. By optimizing the production process by software, the best solution was achieved by mixing 11.214% w/w of whey protein concentrate, 25% w/w of maltodextrin, and 3.402% v/w of rosemary essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The effect of nisin A and sodium benzoate on behavior of Listeria monosytogenes and some microbial and chemical parameters in silver carp (Hypophtalmichtys molitrix) fillet stored at 4˚C
رضا Safari M.R Saeidi Asl The effect of nisin A and sodium benzoate on Listeria monocytogenes, as well as some microbial (mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria) and chemical (peroxide and TVN) in silver carp (Hypophtalmichtys molitrix) fillet during storage period (0, More The effect of nisin A and sodium benzoate on Listeria monocytogenes, as well as some microbial (mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria) and chemical (peroxide and TVN) in silver carp (Hypophtalmichtys molitrix) fillet during storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) at 4˚C were evaluated. For this, Listeria monocytogenes (4 logCFU/g) was inoculated to the fillets and were dipped into 2% sodium benzoate solution for 15 min and left to stand for 10 min at 4˚C. Subsequently nisin A was added to the fillet (0/15 g/kg) and samples were kept at 4˚C while packaged in vacuum condition. The results showed that, application of nisin A and sodium benzoate decrease the number of Listeria monocytogenes from 4/12 to 3/66. However, in control groups the number of bacterium was increased from 4/43 to 5/14. Moreover, the number of mesophilic bacteria in treatment and control groups was increased from 4/39 to 6/79 and 4/48 to 7/93, respectively. The number of psychrotrophic bacteria in treatment and control groups was increased from 4/16 to 6/72 and 4/34 to 7/92, respectively. The similar result was achieved for lactic acid bacteria in which the number of these bacteria was increased from 2/74 to 4/08 and 2/9 to 4/78, respectively. Moreover, different peroxide value and TVN for treatment and control groups was achieved. In conclusion, application of nisin A and sodium benzoate showed different inhibitory effects on Listeria monocytogenes in culture media and silver carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Effect of whey protein-based edible coatings and Natamycin on the quality and shelf life of Iranian white cheese
omid ramezani Abbas Jalilzadeh Javad HesariCheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very importa MoreCheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very important. The effect of whey protein concentrate-based edible coatings containing Natamycin (at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 percent concentrations) on the shelf life of Iranian white cheese were studied during 60 days. The results showed that the optimized coatings containing 0.03% Natamycin can prevent the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum up to 60 days, while different treatments of coatings had not significant effect on organoleptic properties fat, pH, and acidity of the cheese samples. However it resulted in a loss of 11% of the moisture content. It was concluded that whey protein concentrate-based coatings containing Natamycin can extend the shelf life of Iranian white cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Infestation rate of heamoparasite in Slaughtered sheep and goats of Tabriz abattoir (2009)
حسین Hashemzadeh Farhang پریسا Shahbazi فرهاد Fard Manafi RadThis study is done on 200 sheep and 200 goats before slaughtering in Tabriz industrial abattoir. In the middle month of each season, blood samples were achieved from jugular vein, of 50 sheep and 50 goats. Blood samples were stained with Gimsa staining method. The stain MoreThis study is done on 200 sheep and 200 goats before slaughtering in Tabriz industrial abattoir. In the middle month of each season, blood samples were achieved from jugular vein, of 50 sheep and 50 goats. Blood samples were stained with Gimsa staining method. The stained slides were assayed with light microscope 100. According to the results obtained from 200 sheep samples, we observed 37 cases (18.5%) were infected with different blood parasites. Among these samples, 9 cases (9.5%) were infected with babesia ovis, 6 cases (3%) with both babesia ovis and babesia motasi, 11 cases (5.5%) were infected with theileria ovis and 1 case (0.5%) infected with anaplasma ovis. From 200 goats surveyed, we observed 34 cases (17%) were infected with different blood parasites. Among them 28 cases (14%) were infected with babesia ovis, 6 cases (3%) were infections with both babesia ovis and babesia motasi. According to the results obtained, from point of view of blood parasites, in sheep and goats slaughtered in Tabriz industrial abattoir, we observes that the highest rate of infection belongs to babesia ovis and the lowest rate to anaplasma ovis. From seasonal point of view, summer showed the highest rate of infection and winter showed the lowest rate. The infection rate between male and females or between sheep and goats showed no significant differences (P> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Isolation and identification of Salmonella typhimurium from raw cow, sheep and goat milk in Chahamaha Va Bakhteyari Province
فروغ Tajbakhsh ابراهیم Rahimi الهه Tajbakhsh Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidisare known as the major causes of food-borne infection throughout the world. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of S. typhimurium in raw milks of Chahamaha Va Bakhteyari province. For this More Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidisare known as the major causes of food-borne infection throughout the world. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of S. typhimurium in raw milks of Chahamaha Va Bakhteyari province. For this reason, a total of 550 raw milks (consisting of 200 cow, 175 sheep and 175 goat milk samples) were collected through October 2011 to March 2012 from dairy herds around Shahrekord. The samples were cultured and the isolated colonies were confirmed by PCR using species-specific ST11 and ST15 primers. According to the results, a total of 20 samples (3.63%) were found positive for Salmonellaspp.Amongst, 14 (2.54%) of cow milk, 2 (0.36%) of sheep milk and 4 (0.72%) of goat milk samples were contaminated. Using PCR, 9 (1.63%) samples were contaminated with S. typhimurium. The results indicated a relatively high occurrence of S. typhimurium in raw milks. Therefore, it is essential to maintain hygienic measures during milking and handling. Besides, it is recommended not to use raw milk for the manufacturing of dairy products such as cheese and ice-cream. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Analysis of chemical properties and determination of two preservatives in industrial Dough consumed in Shiraz
M. Abbasvali H. Taleb Najafabadi A. Falah MehrjerdiThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt c MoreThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt content) were determined. The mean concentrations of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were 31.84 and 31.83 mg/kg, respectively. Based on Iranian National Standard (No 2453), none of these preservatives are permitted to be used in the dough. According to the results, 73.8% and 85.3% of the samples contained potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, respectively and consequently inappropriate for consumption. Moreover, pH, salt, fat and SNF contents in 100%, 95.1%, 70.5% and 100% of the samples were found in the acceptable limit, respectively. Among the samples, 11.5% had potassium sorbate and 23% had sodium benzoate, and 62.3% contained both of the preservatives. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of sodium benzoate and the shelf life of the samples. However, there was a significant correlation between the concentration of potassium sorbate and the shelf life (r= 0.37, p= 0.001). Despite the Iranian National Standard legislation, presence of these chemical preservatives in dough could be a public health concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Survey of gastrointestinal parasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild goat (Capra aegagrus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Aynaloo protected area, East Azerbaijan province
Roghayeh Norouzi Ali OzbandiParasitic infections are a threat to the wildlife by endangering the health of wild animals and serving as a source of transmission of infectious agents to livestock and humans. Despite the distribution of wild boars (Sus scrofa), wild goat (Capra aegagrus) and red deer MoreParasitic infections are a threat to the wildlife by endangering the health of wild animals and serving as a source of transmission of infectious agents to livestock and humans. Despite the distribution of wild boars (Sus scrofa), wild goat (Capra aegagrus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) throughout the world, information on their parasitic infections is limited. Knowledge of the parasitic fauna of animals in protected areas may be used in protection of endangered species. The present study aimed to investigate the status of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in wild boar, wild goat and red deer in the Aynaloo protected area, Northwest of Kaleybar city, East Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, in spring 2015, 30 fecal samples of wild boar, 30 fecal samples of wild goat and 30 fecal samples of red deer were collected. The samples were processed using direct smear and Clayton lane floatation technique. Five species of helminths were detected from wild boar fecal samples consisting of Trichuris suis, Strongyloides suis, Physocephalus sexalatus, Ascaris suum and Metastrongylus apri. Among them, one species (Strongyloides suis) was reported for the first time in Iran. Protozoa were not detected in the fecal samples of the wild boar. Wild goats were infected with Oesophagostomum columbianum, Muellerius capillaris and Eimeria spp. Respiratory larva and Eimeria spp. were detected from red deer samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone in the cat
Bahman Mosallanejad Saad Gooraninejad Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatbaei Habib AmanipourAnabolic-androgenic steroids are used to stimulate appetite, muscle growth, and increase the production of red blood cells. The aim of the present study was to comparethe effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and MoreAnabolic-androgenic steroids are used to stimulate appetite, muscle growth, and increase the production of red blood cells. The aim of the present study was to comparethe effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, their probable side effects on liver and body weight changes in the cat. For this purpose, ten healthy male cats were divided into two equal groups. Group A included five cats which received stanozolol (25 mg/cat IM) once weekly for six weeks. Group B included five cats which received nandrolone decanoate (1 mg/kg IM) once weekly for six weeks. Blood samples were collected five times on days zero, 3, 14, 28 and 42, for measurement of testosterone and erythropoietin. Both stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate showed effective function in increasing serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, but the effect of stanozolol was more than nandrolone decanoate in increasing hormone levels. A significant difference (p>0.001) was observed between groups A and B at days 14, 28 and 42 in increasing erythropoeitin and at days 3, 14, 28 and 42 in increasing testosterone. None of the drugs had hepatotoxic effects and stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate in increasing body weight (p<0.001). The results showed that although both hormones had effective function in increasing erythropoietin, testosterone, and body weight in cats, but stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Histopathology of peste des petits ruminants in goats and sheep of Sistan region
Yasaman Derakhshan Seyedeh Aida Davari Ali saraniPeste-des-petits ruminants, is an important viral contagious disease of sheep and goat. Considering the importance of PPR in Sistan region, its economic losses as a consequence of mortality and treatment expenses, the high consumption of animal meat in the traditional w MorePeste-des-petits ruminants, is an important viral contagious disease of sheep and goat. Considering the importance of PPR in Sistan region, its economic losses as a consequence of mortality and treatment expenses, the high consumption of animal meat in the traditional way of slaughter in this area and lack of adequate supervision on animal health, the present study was conducted with the aim of histopathological investigation of this disease in sheep and goats of Sistan region. Tissue specimens from mouth, lungs, intestines and lymph nodes of 30 cases from suspected flocks were collected and after tissue processing were microscopically examined. In microscopic investigation, lesions were observed in 9 specimens. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Kappa test. The incidence of infection in sheep and goats was 33.25% and 38/88% respectively and significant association was observed between species and lesions such as multinucleated inflammatory cells accumulation and syncytial cells formation (p < /em><0.05). Also, the infection rates in ruminants less than and more than two years old were 35.18% and 22.8%, respectively and significant statistical relationship was found between the age and the severity of mononuclear inflammatory cells accumulation (p < /em><0.05). The contamination rates in males and females were 49.98% and 12.5%, respectively and significant statistical association was found between the sex and the incidence of lesions like multinucleated inflammatory cells accumulation, syncytial cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (p < /em><0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that there is a higher incidence of PPR occurrence in Sistan region in goats less than two years old with much severe pathologic lesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The effect of adding aqueous extract of Garlic onion to milk on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant balance in suckling 7-day-old goat kids
Mostafa Abdollahi Ashkan Jebelli JavanThe ruminant infant is susceptible to neonatal infections due to the immature immune system. Antioxidants can enhance the function of the immune system cells. Garlic is an antioxidant that has been proposed as a prophylactic antibiotic in ruminant infants. The aim of th MoreThe ruminant infant is susceptible to neonatal infections due to the immature immune system. Antioxidants can enhance the function of the immune system cells. Garlic is an antioxidant that has been proposed as a prophylactic antibiotic in ruminant infants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding aqueous extract of garlic to milk on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant balance in neonatal goat kids. This study was performed on 30 male and female suckling 7-day-old neonatal goat kids of mixed breed (mean weight 3 kg). The goat kids were divided into 3 equal groups. Each group received one of the following three oral treatments (inclusive 30 ml of saline, 400 IU of vitamin E, 83 mg / kg of aqueous extract of garlic) at every 3 milk meals per 24 hours. At 0 min and 1, 2/5, 5, 12, 18, and 24 hours after the beginning of the first treatment, blood samples were taken and the plasma was discarded and the total antioxidant and total oxidation capacity of the plasma and its oxidative stress index were determined. Compared to negative control, treatment with vitamin E caused a significant tendency of the oxidant-antioxidant balance of the plasma towards the antioxidant (p < /p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Survey on prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild goats (Capra aegagrus) of Arasbaran National Park
Ahmad Nematoallahi Parisa Shahbazi Hadi Mardomi Amir MollazadehArasbaran National Park is the largest national park in the west of the country, which is the habitat of important animal and plant species. One of the most important animal species living in it is the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). The aim of this study was to determine t MoreArasbaran National Park is the largest national park in the west of the country, which is the habitat of important animal and plant species. One of the most important animal species living in it is the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). The aim of this study was to determine the level of parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract goats of Arasbaran National Park. During 2018, 95 fecal samples were collected from the wild goats of Arasbaran National Park and were examined by direct smear and Clyton-Lane methods. Bearman apparatus was also used to identify the first stage larvae of pulmonary nematodes. Iodine and modified Nelson staining were used to diagnose Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections, respectively. All samples showed at least one worm agent and one protozoan infection. In this study, Eimeria (spp.) infection was observed in all fecal samples and infection with egg of Marshallagia marshalli (37.8%), Nematodirus (spp.) (60%), Trichioris ovis (62.1%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (8/37%), Fasciola hepatica (25.2%), Moniezia expansa (13.6%), Cystocaulus oecratus larvae (28.4%) and Giardia lambelia cyst (33.6%) were observed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were not observed in any of the stained stool samples. No significant relationship was found between infestation rate with different parasites and the sex of the infected animals. The high level of infection of parasites in wild goats of Arasbaran National Park indicates the high potential of parasitic infection and conversion of animals in it as a reservoir of parasites and its subsequent spread to other animals and expansion in neighboring human communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The effect of intramuscular injection of cyanocobalamin-iron dextran (Cyanoferrin) on primary parameters of haemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old goat kids with Pica
Samad Lotfollahzadeh Mostafa Abdollahi Parviz Noshirvani Hamidreza Mohammadi Morteza AbdollahiPica is one of the disorders with a high potential to induce numerous damages such as poisoning, impaction of gastrointestinal tract, botulism and weight loss in ruminant farms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intramuscular injection of cyanocobalam MorePica is one of the disorders with a high potential to induce numerous damages such as poisoning, impaction of gastrointestinal tract, botulism and weight loss in ruminant farms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intramuscular injection of cyanocobalamin-iron dextran (Cyanoferrin) on the initial parameters of haemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old goat kids with Pica. The study was performed on 10 heads of 20-day-old mixed breed goat kids without Pica and 10 heads of 20-day-old mixed breed goat kids with Pica. The Pica unaffected group received isotonic saline treatment (one intramuscular injection, 3 ml) and the Pica affected group received Cyanoferrin treatment (one intramuscular injection, 3 ml). Before treatment and 10 days after treatment, blood samples were collected from all goat kids to determine CBC (complete blood cell count) and serum minerals. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test at 95% confidence level. In goat kids with Pica, blood PCV, Hb and MCV and serum iron were significantly lower than goat kids without Pica (p<0.05). Treatment with Cyanoferrin significantly increased the blood PCV, Hb and MCV parameters and serum iron and Pica was treated in patients (p<0.05). The results of the present study indicated that Pica was associated with microcytic normochromic anemia in suckling goat kids, and the administration of a 3 ml cyanocobalamin-iron dextran compound during an intramuscular injection treated the patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - A comparative study to investigate the effect of Testosterone enanthate and Nandrolonedecanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats
Sajjad Purali Afshin Davasaz Esmaiel SafaviSexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for med MoreSexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for medicinal, livestock and even sports purposes. Nandrolone has many similarities to testosterone in terms of its chemical structure, and nandrolone decanoate, a long acting ester, is more effective than nandrolone. On the other hand, the adverse effects of androgen abuse, such as suppression of spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy, can be seen in the long term. The similarities of these two drugs and their uses and the adverse effects of their abuse was the main reason to investigate and compare the effect of testosterone enanthate and nandrolone decanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats. For this purpose, 21 adult male rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control (without drug injection), treatment with nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg per week) and treatment with testosterone enanthate (5 mg/100 g per week). After 8 weeks, tissue samples prepared from the testicles of rats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and subjected to histopathological study. The results showed that both drugs had a significant adverse effect on the diameter and height of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the interstitial tissue of the testis. Also, the coefficients of spermatogenesis, including tubular differentiation coefficient, spermiogenesis coefficient and regeneration coefficient, were negatively affected by both drugs, although, only the effect of testosterone enanthate was significant (p<0.05). Overall, the administration of anabolic steroids leads to numerous histopathological changes in the male reproductive system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - A serological survey of ovine and caprine brucellosis in slaughterhouses of East Azerbaijan province during 2004
Afshin Javadi قهرمان Akrami Nojadeh M.R Javadi مهدی Ahmad KhanliBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease which could be transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion of contaminated raw milk, dairy products or contact with meat or raw animal products. Thus, determination of brucella contaminated sheep and goat meat due to the risk of bru MoreBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease which could be transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion of contaminated raw milk, dairy products or contact with meat or raw animal products. Thus, determination of brucella contaminated sheep and goat meat due to the risk of brucellosis transmission to human was the purpose of the present study. For this study, blood samples were collected directly during slaughtering from 441 female sheep and 300 female goats with an age of over a year slaughtered at abattoirs of East Azarbaijan province. At first, positive samples were separated by Rose Bengal test and then quantited with Wright and 2-ME tests. All the results were compared with standard veterinary tables and the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. According to this research, the prevalence rate of brucellosis among sheep and goats was 4.53% and 5.33% respectively. The prevalence rate of sheep and goat brucellosis in Shabestar city was significantly higher than other cities (P<0.01) but there was no significant difference between sheep and goat brucellosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Serological survey of Q fever in goats and buffaloes in Ahvaz region using the ELISA method
حامد Karami Mirazizi مهدی POURMAHDI BORUJENI داریوش Garibi m.r Haji HajikolaeiCoxiellosis or Q fever of domestic animals which is caused by Coxiella burnetii is usually asymptomatic and subclinical; although it has also been associated with abortion and infertility. Domestic ruminants are the primary and important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetii, MoreCoxiellosis or Q fever of domestic animals which is caused by Coxiella burnetii is usually asymptomatic and subclinical; although it has also been associated with abortion and infertility. Domestic ruminants are the primary and important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetii, which is spread by the milk, urine, feces and vaginal mucous of infected animals. Inhalation of bacteria present in the environment is the main route of animal and human infection. The aim of this study was to survey seroprevalence of Q-fever in goats and buffaloes in Ahvaz Region. In this study, blood samples were collected randomly from 137 goats and 135 buffaloes in Ahvaz. The collected sera were tested for Coxiella burnetii by ELISA. Seroprevalence of Q fever was 34.31 in goats (95% Cl: 26.41–42.21) and 0% in buffaloes. Chi square test showed that prevalence in buffalo and goat is statistically different (p<0.001). Infection in goat had a significant association with age. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio between the age based on year and infection is 1.57 (95% CI: 1.19-2.08) (p<0.001), with each single increase in age the odds of infection will increase by 57%. Also, 10.8% of fluctuations of infection were justified by age. The odds of infection in female goats was 1.58 times males (95% CI: 1.03–6.47) (p<0.05) and 4.5% of fluctuations of infection were justified by sex. The present study showed that the prevalence of Q-fever in goat population is considerable. Therefore Coxiella burnetii must be considered by veterinarians and health authorities as one of the most important zoonotic agents for prevention and control measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Histoanatomical study on the uveal coat of eye in mature ostrich
mohammadali Ebrahimi saadatlou In the present study, the uveal coats of 20 healthy adult ostriches were studied anatomically and histologically. At first, the appearance, dimension, structure and vicinity of choroid, ciliary body and iris were evaluated macroscopically. Then they were st More In the present study, the uveal coats of 20 healthy adult ostriches were studied anatomically and histologically. At first, the appearance, dimension, structure and vicinity of choroid, ciliary body and iris were evaluated macroscopically. Then they were studied microscopically after preparing histological slides and staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Gieson, and P.A.S. Tapetum lucidum was not seen in the choroid. The average thickness of ciliary body was measured as 1.48±0.01 centimeters. Moreover, the number of macroscopic ciliary body process in the ostrich eye was about 120. Iris thickness in the normal state is 0.7 centimeters and the diameter of pupil was measured as 1.2 centimeters. Pupil is round shaped in ostrich. There is a hyaline cartilage membrane between the sclera and choroid. There is bruch's membrane in the choroid and the total thickness of the choroid was measured as 350 µm. The ciliary body was supported by a hyaline cartilage. Skeletal muscle fibers in the ciliary body were seen as separated masses. Epithelium is lacking on the anterior surface of the iris. Iridial muscle fibers were smooth. The posterior epithelium of the iris had two pigmented layers with the inner layer acting as myoepithelial cells. In conclusion, the uveal coat of ostrich was similar to other birds although there were little differences in anatomical dimensions and histological characteristics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Effect of orally administrated sodium valproate on alternations in the electrocardiogram of the cat
مهرداد Neshat Gharamaleky M.H Khayat Nouri یعقوب Shams Param Valproic acid is a fatty acid with antiseizure. Currently the salts of valproic acid are used to treat seizure, bipolar disorders and to prevent migraine in human and animals. Valproate sodium inhibits repetitive bursting action potentials of cells. More Valproic acid is a fatty acid with antiseizure. Currently the salts of valproic acid are used to treat seizure, bipolar disorders and to prevent migraine in human and animals. Valproate sodium inhibits repetitive bursting action potentials of cells. Furthermore it has been shown that high concentrations of valproate can increase potassium transmission across cellular membranes while in low concentrations it can lead to cellular hyperpolarisation. Considering that there are Na+ and K+ channels on the surface of cardiomyocytes, it is probable that sodium valproate can affect these channels as well. Therefore in the present study it was attempted to investigate the effect of orally administered sodium valproate on alterations in the electrocardiogram of the cat. In this experimental study, 8 domestic short hair male cats that were selected randomly were used. valproate sodium was administered orally to all animals at the dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks and the electrocardiogram was recorded at days 0 ( prior to drug administration) , 7, 14 and 21 during drug administration in lead II. Heart rate (HR) , P wave duration (PD) , P wave amplitude ( PA) , PR interval (PR- interval), QRS duration( QRS D), R amplitude (RA), ST segment ( ST seg.) and QT interval( QT int.) were evaluated from the electrocardiogram. The results indicate that heart rate and R amplitude(RA) at days 7, 14 and 21 had significantly increased and decreased respectively compared with day 0 (P≤0.05) . These results revealed that valproic acid induces sinus tachycardia in the cat. It is evident from this finding together with the decrease in R wave amplitude that this drug has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects and it seems that through these effects it may bring about proarrythmic effect in the cat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Molecular detection of canine Leishmaniasis using conjunctival swab and buffy coat samples
mohammadreza ariannejad gholamreza razmi javad khoshnegah Many molecular methods have been used for diagnose is of canine leishmaniasis. These methods mainly rely on tissue specimens provided by invasive approaches for molecular detection of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate two noninvasive samp More Many molecular methods have been used for diagnose is of canine leishmaniasis. These methods mainly rely on tissue specimens provided by invasive approaches for molecular detection of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate two noninvasive sampling methods detection of Leishmaniasis using PCR method. For this purpose, a total of 60 dogs were selected and equally divided into three groups: pet dogs with cutaneous lesions (Group 1); pet dogs without cutaneous lesions (Group 2) and stray dogs (Group 3). After physical examination of dogs, eye swab and buffy coat samples were collected from each dog, also, tissue smears were prepared from the lesions of dogs in group 1. DNA of eye swab and buffy coat samples were extracted and used to detection of Leishmania species using PCR and semi-nested PCR tests. Blood smears were stained by Giemsa method for microscopic evaluation. Out of 60 dog, the DNA of four swab samples related to the dogs of Group3 and one swab and DNA of buffy coat sample in a dog in group 1 was infected with Leishmania infantum. Leishman bodies was only observed in tissue smear of one dog in group 1. Three positive samples were sequenced for confirmation of results. Based on the results of this study, Leishmania infantum infection is common among dogs in Mashhad area and it seems that ocular swab specimens can be used as a noninvasive method for molecular detection of leishmania infection in dogs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Ultrastructural study of primordial germ cells, oogonia and oocytes in goat fetus
S.M Banan Khojasteh رضا Ranjbar نعیم Alboghobeish A.A Farshid محبوبه Salehi According to morphological evidences, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are derived from the caudal endoderm of the yolk sac and migrate to embryonic gonads. After entering the gonads, first they differentiate to oogonia and then to oocytes. In the presen More According to morphological evidences, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are derived from the caudal endoderm of the yolk sac and migrate to embryonic gonads. After entering the gonads, first they differentiate to oogonia and then to oocytes. In the present study, ultrastructure of PGCs, oogonia and oocytes has been examined. Tissue samples were collected from posterior parts of the yolk sacs of fetuses in the early stages of development (with age of less than 1 month), and also gonads of fetuses at later developmental stages (with age of more than 1 month). Samples were studied using transmission electron microscopy after fixation, washing with buffers, dehydration, embedding and staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The Results indicated that PGCs were large with oval to spherical nuclei, reticular chromatin with nucleoli, and there were plenty of glycogen and also different organelles in their cytoplasm. Oogonia showed active mitotic divisions. These cells had regular plasma membranes and were observed as cellular clusters with spherical shape, euchromatin nucleus containing one or more nucleoli, round mitochondria and vacuoles with different sizes in cytoplasm. Oocytes had larger sizes in comparison with oogonia but didn't show cellular clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A report on the occurrence of acute strongyloidosis in a sheep farm around Tehran and concurrent occurrence of its dermal complications in a farm worker
S.J Miriyan A.R Mohammadi هرمز Hamidiye محمد Ghadiri abyanehAbstract In the winter of 2009, a report received by our clinic indicated a 10% mortality rate in a sheep farm around Tehran and local inspection revealed that a total of 10 lambs and kids had died during one week from a herd of 100. Clinical signs consisted of local a MoreAbstract In the winter of 2009, a report received by our clinic indicated a 10% mortality rate in a sheep farm around Tehran and local inspection revealed that a total of 10 lambs and kids had died during one week from a herd of 100. Clinical signs consisted of local alopecia and abscesses in the limbs of the affected animals. Small mobile larvae were observed at the dermal ulcers. There was a volcanic ulcer at the end of the finger of a farm worker as well with the larvae moving out of the ulcer inside warm water. Sampling of animal feces and larvae present on the skin was carried out and Strongylus papillosus was diagnosed at the laboratory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Study on caprine hard tick fauna and seasonal variations of tick population in West Azarbaijan province
سهراب Rasouli محمد Sadagian کمال Jafari اسماعیل Valizadeh مهران MojaradIn order to determine the tick specie of goats, reared in cities of west-Azarbaijan province, the present investigation was performed from March 2006 (Farvardin 1385) to April 2007 (Esfand 1385). Meanwhile, distribution of ticks according to age and sex on different par MoreIn order to determine the tick specie of goats, reared in cities of west-Azarbaijan province, the present investigation was performed from March 2006 (Farvardin 1385) to April 2007 (Esfand 1385). Meanwhile, distribution of ticks according to age and sex on different part of the body and the seasonal variation of tick population and infestation were also studied. Overall 1800 goats of both sexes, from 21 cities and their suburbs in west-Azarbaijan province were examined for tick infestation. The results revealed 52 (2.88%) goats were infested by hard ticks. The highest percentage of infestation was observed in Miandoab area during June 2006 (Khordad1385), while the lowest percentage was in Shahindegh area during February 2006. There was a significant difference (p<0.005) in the tick population of goats during different seasons and months of the year. Out of 251 adult ticks and nymphs, the identified species were as follows: Rhipicephalus bursa (58.96%), Hyaloma anatolicum.anatolicum (35.85%), Dermacentor marginatus (3.98%) and Haemaphysalis puncatta (1.19%). Distribution of ticks over different parts of the body surface was as follows: the breasts (35%), groin (34%), head and neck (18%) and the testis (13%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Clinical report of still-birth in a goat due to leech infestation
یعقوب Gharedaghi وحید Elmi-Razlighi مهدی YeganehzadAbstract At autumn 2009 a four year old pregnant white indigenous female goat was referred to the veterinary clinic located in Sarab. At initial examinations clinical symptoms such as cachexia, sever pains of parturition, rest less and provocation was seen and MoreAbstract At autumn 2009 a four year old pregnant white indigenous female goat was referred to the veterinary clinic located in Sarab. At initial examinations clinical symptoms such as cachexia, sever pains of parturition, rest less and provocation was seen and as the result of these sever pains tachycardia, tachy pnea, teeth grinding and grades of anemia was seen at mucous membranes and the animal could not stand. The fetus had entered the pelvic canal with flexion of the metacarpus and following correction of this position, it was extracted manually. The newly born kid had anasarcus and generalized edema in the forelimbs, hindlimbs and skull. During manual extraction of the fetus, 20 worms about 10–12 cm in length were discharged from the goats vagina. Isolated parasitic samples from the animal were fixed in %10 formalin and were referred to the parasitological laboratory of veterinary faculty of Islamic Azad university- Tabriz Branch. After further examinations they were identified as limnatis nilotica leeches. The kid goat died hours after birth because of respiratory difficulties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - egmental aplasia of the penis and urethra in male goat (Case report)
حسین Jodeiri داریوش Mohajeri E.A ValizadehA male goat with significant penis sheath distension and lack of urine, 48 hours after birth was referred to the Large Animal Clinic of veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. With puncture, pale yellow serous fluid with urine like smell was removed fro MoreA male goat with significant penis sheath distension and lack of urine, 48 hours after birth was referred to the Large Animal Clinic of veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. With puncture, pale yellow serous fluid with urine like smell was removed from the distended site. In preliminary examinations, ruptured urethra was tentatively and prineal urethrotomy was performed. After urethral catheterization urethral obstruction near the end of urethra and in intraoperative investigation diagnosed was performed absence of part of the penis and urethra (that does not allow the urinary catheterisation) was determined. With separation of urethra the from adjacent tissues permanent prineal uretherostomy in order to create the ability to urinate, the urethra opened and its edges sutured to the external surfaces of skin and fixed. Fluid therapy and antibiotic therapy was performed postoperatively. In follow-up after surgery, there was no distension and inflammation and the goat was in perfect health. Congenital aplasia of the urethra with penile segmental aplasia is rare cases with very low occurrence in domestic animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Survey on infestation to external parasites and their roles in of in transmission of protozoan disease in goat in Maku Region
احمد Gharekhani موسی TavassoliThe present study aims to determine the rate of infestation to external parasites, determine the fauna (genus and species) and also investigation their role in transmission of protozoan infections in goat in maku region. This survey was conducted from March 2010 (Farvar MoreThe present study aims to determine the rate of infestation to external parasites, determine the fauna (genus and species) and also investigation their role in transmission of protozoan infections in goat in maku region. This survey was conducted from March 2010 (Farvardin 1389) to April 2011 (Esfand 1389). The data was analyzed by SPSS software (Ver. 16) .The results revealed that 137 goats (33.5%) were infested by hard ticks. There weren`t any infestation by other external parasites (mite, lice, flea, myias). The whole detected ticks were 435 and each goat had an average of 1.08 ticks. The identified hard ticks on goats in respect to their prevalence were Rhipicephalus bursa (68.50%),Hyaloma anatolicum.anatolicum (16.32%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (9.46%), Haemaphysalis punctata(3.21%) and Dermacentor marginatus( 2.52%). Distribution of ticks over different parts of the body surface was as follows: groin and breasts (50.80%), head and neck (25.05%), subscapula (13.10%) and genital organs and under tail (11.03%). Out of 137 positive samples 103 goats (25.75%) were infected with Babesia, out of which 87 goats (84.46%), 12 goats (11.65%) and 5 goats (3.89%) infected with B. ovis, B. mutasi and mixed infection with B. ovis and B. mutasi, respectively. There wasn`t any infection with Theileria and Anaplasma. The results indicated that infections with Rhipicephalus bursa was the highest in goats in Maku region, and among protozoan infections, B. ovis infection was the highest one , that is the frequency of Rhipicephalus bursa in comparison to other kinds of detected ticks among positive samples of Babesia was high and is meaningful (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - A comparison of child rearing method and affective climate of a family a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety
Prissa Rahmani Naeimeh mohebbThe objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children ou MoreThe objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children out of which 102 child had free floating anxiety and the remained 98 child had no anxiety. The hypotheses were about two groups of healthy and anxious children who were examined against their parents’ child rearing styles (despotically, easy going and authoritatively), the affevtive climate, as well, to find the differences among them. To gather the data three kinds of questionnaire were used, namely (child symptom Inventory (CSI)), Affective climate inventory and child vearing inveventory. The results confirmed all the hypotheses and were along the previous researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Application of mesoporous silica containing benzotriazole in the epoxy coating applied to plain carbon steel and study of its corrosion behavior
Mahdi Yeganeh Mahdi Omidi Arash Etemad Mohammad Reza Rostami Mohammad Esmaeil Shafiei -
Open Access Article
149 - Tribological behavior of sputter-deposited MoSX/Ni coatings
mehdi akbarzadeh morteza zanrahimi ehsan moradpor -
Open Access Article
150 - Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructure Functionally Graded Ni-P Electroless Coating
Sayede Razieh Anvari Sayed Mahmoud Monirvaghefi Mohammad Hossein Enayati -
Open Access Article
151 - Application of Taguchi design for optimization of corrosion behavior of amorphous silica thin film deposited through sol-gel dipping technique
Hamideh Aghasi Sanaz Naghibi -
Open Access Article
152 - The Study of High Temperature Oxidation behavior of Different Microstructures of HVOF Thermally Sprayed Coatings
Behnaz Saeedi Alireza Rouhaghdam -
Open Access Article
153 - In vitro behavior of silk fibroin-coated calcium magnesium silicate scaffolds
Masoud Hafezi Hossein Mohammadi Ali Nadernezhad Pardis Fazlali Noor Azuan Abu Osman -
Open Access Article
154 - Effect of Heat Treatment Time on the Characteristics of Coating Formed on Nanocrystalline Finemet Foils
Sima Mirzaei Ali Jazayeri Gharehbagh -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigation of corrosion behavior of galvanized mild steel by improved Zn acidic bath, containing nano-ZnO particles
Behrooz Shayegh -
Open Access Article
156 - Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity of Fe Doped TiO2 Thin Film Prepared by sol-gel hot dip-coating
Sanaz Naghibi Shohreh Vahed Omid Torabi -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluation of tribological properties of (Ti,Al)CN/DLC composite coatings deposited by cathodic arc method.
Laleh Zahiri Moahammad saeri Shahram Alirezaee Alireza Afkhami -
Open Access Article
158 - Effect of CTAB surfactant on microstructure and oxidation behavior of Ni-TiO2 Composite coating
Eisa Khoran Morteza Zanrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar -
Open Access Article
159 - Effect of bath pH on microstructure and corrosion behavior of manganese phosphate coating on SCM420H steel
Hadi Ebrahimifar Farhad Mohsenifar -
Open Access Article
160 - Influence of electroplating parameters on microstructure and amount of ceramic particle deposition in Ni-Co-CeO2 composite coating
Afsaneh Afzali Gorouh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar -
Open Access Article
161 - The Effect of Reverse Pulse Plating and Lanthanum Addition in Plating Bath on Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Steel in Chlorine Solution
Leila Bakhtiari Abdolhamid Jafari Shahriyar Sharafi -
Open Access Article
162 - Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as an Accelerating Agent for Zinc Phosphate Coatings with Enhanced Corrosion Resistance
Mohammad-mehdi Akbari Behrooz Shayegh Boroujeny Mehdi Raeissi -
Open Access Article
163 - Influences of Bath Stirring Rate on Synetics of Nano Composite Ni-SiC-Gr Coatings on St37 via Electrodeposition Process
M Rostami R Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi A Saatchi -
Open Access Article
164 - Effect of Deposition Regime on Tribological Behavior of VK8Coating on 1.2344 Tool Steel Obtained by Electro Spark Method
M Aghakhani A Shafyeib H Monajatizadea M. A Aghakhani -
Open Access Article
165 - Investigation on essential oils of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson
mb Rezaee کامکار Jaimand معصومه MazandaraniThe volatile constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In this study samples were collected from west Azarbaigan province between Orumieh and Shahpur on lat May 2003. Accor MoreThe volatile constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In this study samples were collected from west Azarbaigan province between Orumieh and Shahpur on lat May 2003. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now and therefore its chemical composition is not well known. The major constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson from flower head were b-acorenol (11.9%), artemisia alcohol (9.4%), ethyl hexanoate (8.8%) and n-nonadecane (5.6%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Fabrication and charge modification of ceramic membranes using copper Nanoparticles for desalination
Mohamad Mahdi Zerafat Majid Shokri Doodeji Omid Nejadian -
Open Access Article
167 - Preparation of chitosan-copper nanoparticles coated Kraft paper, characterization and its antimicrobial activity
hamid reza ghorbani -
Open Access Article
168 - The Morphology of Zinc Sulfide Nanocrystals Synthesized by Different Methods
Mina Adibi Sohrab Taghipoor Rava Parhizkar Seyed Mojtaba Mostafavi -
Open Access Article
169 - One-step cathodic electro-synthesis and characterization of dextran coated magnetite nanoparticles
Mustafa Aghazadeh Isa Karimzadeh -
Open Access Article
170 - One-step Cathodic Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Dextran Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles
Mustafa Aghazadeh Isa Karimzadeh -
Open Access Article
171 - Fabrication and Charge Modification of Ceramic Membranes Using Copper Nanoparticles for Desalination
Majid Shokri Doodeji Mohamad Mahdi Zerafat Omid Nejadian -
Open Access Article
172 - The Morphology of Zinc Sulfide Nanocrystals Synthesized by Different Methods
Mina Adibi Sohrab Taghipoor Rava Parhizkar Seyed Mojtaba Mostafavi -
Open Access Article
173 - Preparation of Chitosan-Copper Nanoparticles Coated Kraft Paper, Characterization and its Antimicrobial Activity
Hamid Reza Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
174 - Evaluation of Survival and Risk Probability of Exchange Regimes in Economies having Exchange Anchor Monetary System and Inflation Targeting - Duration Model Approach
AliReza Kazerooni Hosein asgharpour Majid FeshariThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the survival and risk probability of pegged and floating exchange rate regimes in different countries: those having exchange rate anchor versus those having inflation targeting monetary regimes during 1999-2010. In orde MoreThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the survival and risk probability of pegged and floating exchange rate regimes in different countries: those having exchange rate anchor versus those having inflation targeting monetary regimes during 1999-2010. In order to achieve the goal, Duration Model Approach will be used to represent the survival and risk analysis of pegged and floating exchange rate regimes. The empirical findings of this paper suggest that, in two groups of countries, the floating exchange rate is a credible regime and it has a lower risk and then higher survival probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Reflection of love oaths in native and local couplets of Mazandaran and Khorasan
Vida SaraviOaths like all daily phenomena and creations are full of mythological and ancient symbols, beliefs, and sign in the course of the work and effort and continuity of the people of every lands. In fact, Oaths are a reflection of beliefs, ideas, and culture of how to compro MoreOaths like all daily phenomena and creations are full of mythological and ancient symbols, beliefs, and sign in the course of the work and effort and continuity of the people of every lands. In fact, Oaths are a reflection of beliefs, ideas, and culture of how to compromise and tolerate and continue the social life in each era which is mixed with the specific biological, geographical and cultural characteristics of that age in discussions and searches in anthropology are an expressive and valuable elements. Native and local songs are an important part of oral literature. In folk songs, couplets are a good way to express romantic moods and emotions. In this research, considering library and field method, more than 3000 native couplets of Mazandaran love oaths and 120 Khorasan ones have been studied. Means that about 4% of the romantic oath are observed. These vows are divided into general and specific categories in terms of the content. Based on the classification of types of love oaths and research findings, it can be said that in Mazandaran, the oath of love to God and in Khorasan the oath of love to the Qur'an has the highest frequencies. In the rest of the oaths as: Oath of lover and beloved against each other, Oath of religious sanctity to the beloved loving, oath by the mole on the face, eyes, and eyebrows of the beloved, The oath to the soul of the beloved and his brother, and the oath to the lover of natural phenomena.The statistics of the oaths of love of the two provinces are near to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - A clarif ication of vague point in a canto from Nezami Ganjay‟s Sharafname focusing on Kurdish language evidences
seyed ahmad parsa habibolah salimiNezami Gandzhaee (passed away in 1206 CE) uses the word “Wine” in one of the verses of Sharafnameh to give us some explanation in order to clarify its meaning and to avoid making a mistake between its genuine and figurative meaning and then he refers to this MoreNezami Gandzhaee (passed away in 1206 CE) uses the word “Wine” in one of the verses of Sharafnameh to give us some explanation in order to clarify its meaning and to avoid making a mistake between its genuine and figurative meaning and then he refers to this verse 6 “If I‟e drunk wine, what God has allowed is unlawful to me.” Since it‟ been emphasized in several cases in Holy Koran, such as Maedeh Sorah, verses 87, 88, that no one must make something unlawful for himself while God has allowed it, also considered that Nezami was a Moslem poet who acquainted with Islamic Mysticism and was a believer in Koran and Islamic culture. This question arises that what he meant by expressing this issue? In addition, what has been its origin? This study tries to answer this question and similar questions by researching Koran interpretations, religious jurisprudence and investigating Persian Literature.The research method is descriptive and the conclusion will be analyzed by library and documentary researching techniques. The conclusion shows no contrast between Nezami‟s view and Koran verses.In fact, this idea was a catchphrase used for taking an oath; it has been common among Iranian in the sixth century, and still it used in some western parts of Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The Effect of Local Fatigue in Core Stability Muscles on Selected Biomechanical Variables of Upper Limb in Professional Women Rowers
Soraya Abyar Ali Fatahi Razieh Yousefian MollaSince fatigue caused by repetitive sport movements impairs the rate of muscle force development and rate of muscle contraction, and its modification is associated with variables such as age, injury, type and level of physical activity, the aim of this study was to inves MoreSince fatigue caused by repetitive sport movements impairs the rate of muscle force development and rate of muscle contraction, and its modification is associated with variables such as age, injury, type and level of physical activity, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of localized fatigue on stabilizing muscles on selected biomechanical variables of the upper limbs in professional rowers. Twenty professional Dragon Boat rowers participated in the present study as subjects. Five biomechanical-functional parameters including stability, balance, endurance, strength and flexibility of the upper limb in these subjects were taken as a pre-test at the beginning of the study. Then, the adjusted fatigue protocol was given to the core stability muscles and trunk of the subjects and all of them underwent post-test again. Finally, paired t-test was used to compare the two stages of pre-test and post-test. The results showed that in stability, endurance and strength, significant increase, in flexibility, significant decrease was observed between pre and post-tests, respectively. No significant differences exist between pre and post-tests in balance test (p ≤ 0.05). It is recommended that professional level coaches and rowers’ athletes, regarding biomechanics of movements, pay attention to appropriate preparations and execute training and drills that improve the strength of the core muscles and increase their ability to cope with fatigue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Improving the Efficiency and Durability of Blast Furnace Air Tuyere Through Different Ceramic Coating Materials
Hasan Bagheri Hasan Abadi Mohsen HamediBlast air tuyeres are one of the critical components of a blast furnace that are exposed to severe conditions caused by thermal shocks, mechanical erosion, hot chemical corrosion, wettability caused by penetration of molten cast iron, and cracks caused by the thermal cy MoreBlast air tuyeres are one of the critical components of a blast furnace that are exposed to severe conditions caused by thermal shocks, mechanical erosion, hot chemical corrosion, wettability caused by penetration of molten cast iron, and cracks caused by the thermal cycle. These factors decrease the lifetime of air tuyeres, causing unpredictable failure and costly production stoppages. The present study investigates the protection performance of three types of atmospheric plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings on air tuyeres against the harsh operating environment. As the substrate of air tuyeres, 99.95% pure copper is coated with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia YSZ8%, alumina-zirconia (AZ) and alumina-magnesia (AM). The performance of these three coatings was evaluated using mechanical wear and erosion tests, chemical hot corrosion tests, micro-hardness adhesion strength tests, and porosity measurements. Based on the results, AZ and AM coatings generally performed better than YSZ8% coating in all above-mentioned tests excluding the adhesion strength test. In the adhesion strength test, the AZ coating performance was found to be close to that of YSZ8% coating. Meanwhile, in the mechanical erosion and wear tests, the AM coating outperformed and underperformed the AZ coating, respectively. The porosity of AZ coating was also close to that of AM coating. Hence, it is expected that the blast air tuyere with AZ and AM coatings can offer better performance in blast furnace due to their superior metallurgical and mechanical properties. However, in practice, the AZ coating outperformed the AM coating in BF due to a three-fold increase in the lifecycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Investigation of Using Anti-Reflecting Coatings in CZTS Solar Cells to Enhance the Light Absorption: Optimization by FDTD Method
Mina Mirzaei Javas Hasanzadeh Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari Mehdi MirzaeiIn the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor eff MoreIn the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor efficiency and identifying deficiencies and making improvements is necessary. In the present study, various anti-reflection coatings at the top surface of the solar cell were proposed. Minimization of the reflectance is carried out to optimize the thickness of ARC layers using Lumerical software. The density of the short-circuit photocurrent increases from 18.4 mA.cm−2 for solar cells without an antireflection coating to 36 mA.cm−2 for those with MgF2 layer coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - A 0.5 V Operational Transconductance Amplifier Based on Dynamic Threshold-Voltage MOSFET and Floating Gate MOSFET Inverters in 180 nm CMOS Technology
Amir Baghi Rahin Vahid Baghi RahinThis paper presents a fully differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on the dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET and floating gate MOSFET (DT/FGMOS) inverter with a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The proposed inverter in the structure of this OTA is a combi MoreThis paper presents a fully differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on the dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET and floating gate MOSFET (DT/FGMOS) inverter with a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The proposed inverter in the structure of this OTA is a combination of the dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) technique (for all PMOS transistors) and the floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS) (for all NMOS transistors) in n-well process. In this circuit, feedforward and feedback paths have been used to limit the common-mode gain. The first stage has feedforward paths to eliminate the common-mode and the second stage has the common-mode feedback to stabilize the common-mode output voltage on Vdd/2. Based on the post-layout simulation results, the proposed OTA showed a gain of 61 dB with a unity gain frequency (UGF) of 1.1 MHz under 13 pF load capacitors. With the studies performed by Monte Carlo analysis, it was found that the OTA based on the proposed inverter can perform well under process variations and device mismatches. The proposed circuit in 180 nm CMOS technology occupies an area of 0.182 mm2 from the chip. Its power consumption is 17 µW and it can be used in low voltage and low power applications including portable equipment. According to studies, the use of DTMOS and FGMOS techniques can lead to the effective reduction of the threshold voltage of transistors and the good performance of the proposed OTA at low voltage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Improving the Efficiency of Floating Photovoltaic System in the Northern Part of Iran Using a Two-stage Multi-String Inverter
Sina Semeskandeh Mehrdad Hojjat Mohamad Hosseini AbardehFloating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are a new approach to the use of water-based photovoltaic (PV) systems. This system creates a new opportunity to increase the production capacity of solar PV systems, especially in the northern regions of Iran, where the price of land MoreFloating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are a new approach to the use of water-based photovoltaic (PV) systems. This system creates a new opportunity to increase the production capacity of solar PV systems, especially in the northern regions of Iran, where the price of land is high. To enhance the efficiency of inverters connected to the network of FPV systems in the northern regions of Iran, we have combined the structure of a two-stage and a multi-string inverter in this paper. On the other hand, the perturb and observe (P&O) method is one of the most common methods for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a variety of disadvantages including algorithm fluctuations during sudden changes in radiation. Since these sudden changes during radiation occur abundantly in the northern regions of Iran due to cloudy weather, a modified P&O algorithm is proposed by adding a current change parameter to overcome this problem. In fact, the ZETA converter and the proposed algorithm are used in inverter and track the maximum power point and in the second stage, DC to AC conversion occurs. To evaluate the efficiency improvement, the proposed inverter is compared with a single-stage centralized inverter. This study also considered the effect of wind and water temperature on the production capacity of the FPV system. System simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results show that the proposed two-stage multi-string inverter produce an average of 18.88 kWh, which is an increase compared to the centralized single-stage inverter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - A Low-Voltage and Low-Power Programmable "G" _"m" "-C" Filter for Wireless Applications
Amir Baghi Rahin Ziaadin Daei Koozeh KananiIn this paper, a low voltage and low power (LV/LP) Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) using FGMOS (Floating-Gate MOS) transistor is proposed. The relative tuning range of 50 is achieved in this OTA while only consumes 40 µW with 1.0 V supply voltage in T MoreIn this paper, a low voltage and low power (LV/LP) Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) using FGMOS (Floating-Gate MOS) transistor is proposed. The relative tuning range of 50 is achieved in this OTA while only consumes 40 µW with 1.0 V supply voltage in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The simulation results of the proposed OTA show an open loop gain of 30.2 dB and a unity gain frequency of 942 MHz. In comparison with previous works, the proposed OTA, with lower supply voltage, is provided the better frequency performance, higher output voltage swing, better linearity and lower power consumption. The proposed OTA is used in the second-order filter to show a good tuning range from 100 kHz to 5.6 MHz which is suitable for the wireless specifications of Bluetooth (650 kHz),CDMA2000 (700 kHz) and Wideband CDMA (2.2 MHz). The active area occupied by the designed filter on silicon is . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Designing a Two-Phase BLDC Motor and Finite-Element Analysis of Designing a Controller in Order to Manoeuvre High-Speed Boats in Marine Turbulences
Mehrdad Jafarboland Ehsan Vehedi Ghazanfar ShahgholianHigh speed boats are small kind of boats which are piloted with boatman.These boats are usually used in strategic commissions like military which fast speeds and good manoeuvrability are of essential importance.Rough sea path, marine turbulences and multi input multi ou MoreHigh speed boats are small kind of boats which are piloted with boatman.These boats are usually used in strategic commissions like military which fast speeds and good manoeuvrability are of essential importance.Rough sea path, marine turbulences and multi input multi output nonlinear dynamical model of this boats,make it very difficult to pilot and manoeuvre them.in this paper,.two controller are designed and proposed for pursuing desired path and manoeuvring fast speeds.Fuzzy controller is compared with the result of PID controller. Simulation results also indicate that these proposed controllers have suitable responses and can pilot the boat in the best manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Design and Simulation of a Sample of Integrated Broadband Antenna and Omni-Directional for Marine Floats
Maisam Vaheb Ali Hashemi Hossein Emami Mahdi EmamiNowadays one of the specialized and important issues in construction of marine floats is to design the communication telecom system between them. Always this issue has been posed how to establish an appropriate communication for floats in different distances and differe MoreNowadays one of the specialized and important issues in construction of marine floats is to design the communication telecom system between them. Always this issue has been posed how to establish an appropriate communication for floats in different distances and different weather conditions in the sea. Due to the restrictions, such as equipment size, weight bearing on the floats has always existed.One of the main parts of telecom communication system is antenna.The main problem, use antennas and Towers various in floats, As required, waves with different wavelength sand different routes to be published. If the antenna can be designed with small dimensions and possible,wide frequency range and also covered omni-directions, the problem has been mentioned above somewhat is resolved. The purpose of this paper is to design and simulate of a sample of integration broadband antenna and omni-directional, that resolve About restrictions above and Integration of two antennas in frequency range of VHF/UHF=150-450MHZ and HF=3-30MHZ with characteristics of 50ohm input impedance, linear vertical polarization, VSWR<2.5, antenna gain ranges between (-12)dBi to (4.8)dBi, the maximum antenna diameter of 18cm, and the maximum height of opened antenna of 538.2cm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Biofouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes in a Petrochemical Complex: Possibility of Anti-Microbial Coating Based on Initial Experimental Results: A Case Study
Kiana AlasvandAbstractIn this root cause analysis, biofouling of membranes in the reverse osmosis (RO) unit of a Petrochemical Complex is studied. The overall cause of getting biofouling was found to be inappropriate water treatment of Pre-RO systems. More specifically, the undertrea MoreAbstractIn this root cause analysis, biofouling of membranes in the reverse osmosis (RO) unit of a Petrochemical Complex is studied. The overall cause of getting biofouling was found to be inappropriate water treatment of Pre-RO systems. More specifically, the undertreatment of water by sand filters, pressurized filters, and cartridges caused increased microbial contamination on RO membranes, leading to biofouling. Biodegradation of polymers is a mechanism by which the act of microorganisms will cause loss of mechanical integrity in such materials. It is important to understand the mechanism and look for ways by which such a mechanism can be controlled. The following were advised to control biofouling in the RO system of this Petrochemical complex 1. Chemical washing of sand filters as pressurized filters as well as RO membranes, 2. Application of UV or removal of chemical chlorination and installation of non-oxidizing biocides after chlorination,3. Replacement of Phosphorus-containing anticalins instead of non-phosphorus sealants,4. Application of superhydrophobic anti-microbial coatings on membranes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The effect of chitosan edible coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil on microbial and sensory properties of rainbow trout fillet in refrigerated storage
Maryam Foromandi Mohammadreza KhaniFish is a highly perishable food and it seems necessary to use natural preservative with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout f MoreFish is a highly perishable food and it seems necessary to use natural preservative with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout fillet during 12 days at refrigerator storage condition. For this purpose, 8 treatments were prepared with chitosan coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil both separately and in combination forms (in amounts of 0.1 and 0.5%) and 2 control samples including control 1 (without coating) and control 2 (chitosan coating without extract and essential oil). Then all samples were evaluated by microbiological tests including total microbial counts, total psychotropic counts, and coliforms, and sensory properties including texture, color, odor, and overall acceptance at days of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 during storage. The results showed that the treatment coated with chitosan containing 0.5% garlic extract and 0.5% coriander essential oil had the lowest total microbial counts, total psychotropic counts and coliforms during 12 days of storage, and the highest amounts of microbial counts were observed in control 1 and then control 2 samples (P<0.05). Also the treatment with the highest amounts of garlic extract and coriander essential oil had better sensory scores by the end of storage period compared to control samples. So, it is suggested that chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential oil as an antimicrobial agent, can be used for extending shelf-life of fish fillet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Effects of whey protein isolate coating enriched with Lysozyme on the microbial quality of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage.
najmeh moghimiThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and com MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and compared with chicken fillets without any coating (control) with 3 replicates were prepared. The microbial parameters (Total bacterial Mesophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, Psychrotroph and Pseudomonas spp count) were evaluated for 12 days. Results showed that during the storage time, in the samples coated with whey protein isolate containing different concentration of Lysozyme, a significant reduction (p< 0.05) were observed in the entire evaluated microorganism groups compared to the control samples. Also a dose related trend was observed due to addition of Lysozyme. Overall the findings of present study suggest that whey protein isolate contain with Lysozyme, may use as a natural coating and preservative to extend the chicken meat shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Anti-mold properties of alginate coating incorporating essential oil of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica on bread
Elham Ahmadipoor samira bahramianAntimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determin MoreAntimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil in sodium alginate coating against Penicillium chrysogenum growth in bread. First, minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil (EO) against mold was determined by agar dilution method. Then, the EO with or without alginate coating was applied on bread surface and the percent inhibition of radial growth was determined. The results showed that Bene’s EO at concentration of 25 mL/L inhibits the mold growth. At concentration of 125 mL/L of EO on bread surface, without alginate coating 71.28% and with alginate 74.45% mold growth inhibition was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Effect of Using Native Carbon Sources (Whey, Oat bran, Rice Flour) in the Fermentative Production of Lysine by Corynebacterium glutamicum
Zahra Mohammadzade Ferizhandi Ghazal LabbeikiLysine is an essential amino acid that is not synthesized in the human body, but due to the body's need and its application in different parts of the health area, it is important to optimize and economize the production process. The most commonly used lysine production MoreLysine is an essential amino acid that is not synthesized in the human body, but due to the body's need and its application in different parts of the health area, it is important to optimize and economize the production process. The most commonly used lysine production method is microbial fermentation and the nutrient composition of the fermentation media is effective on the microorganism growth and the production of microbial metabolite. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of native and inexpensive nutritional substrates, as the main supplier of energy for microorganism, on the growth and productivity of strains. For this purpose, different amounts (g/lit) of whey (100, 135, 170), rice flour (100, 135,170) and oat bran (100, 170, 220) were separately added to culture of Corynebacterium glutamicum, and at 68 and 116 fermentation time, growth indices such as pH of the environment, production biomass, specific growth rate of microorganism, strain morphology and amount of produced amino acid were measured and compared with control (100 g/lit glucose). The results showed that the highest amount of lysine produced was obtained in media containing 135 g/lit whey, 170 g/lit rice flour and 220 g/lit oat bran. These results indicate that these compounds are suitable for use in biological processes and can be used as the main nutrient source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and quality properties of yogurt made from goat's milk
Rahele Nezhad Razmjoui Akhgar Shahin ZomorodiGoat's milk is a proper alternative to cow's milk because of its higher digestibility and lower allergic characteristics, as well as its higher functional nutrient. On the other hand, its health benefits can be increased by the incorporation of probiotics into goat's mi MoreGoat's milk is a proper alternative to cow's milk because of its higher digestibility and lower allergic characteristics, as well as its higher functional nutrient. On the other hand, its health benefits can be increased by the incorporation of probiotics into goat's milk. This research aimed to investigate the survivability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) individually and in combination on the physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt made of goat's milk during 21days storage. In this research, 4 treatments were prepared, including control (with no probiotic bacteria), La treatment containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bb treatment containing B. lactis, and LaBb treatment containing a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus and B. lactis. The results showed that the count of Lactobacillus acidophilus, B. lactis, and their combination reached from 8.54 log cfu/g on the first day to 9.43, 10.06 and 10.75 log cfu/g at the end of the storage period, respectively. At the end of the storage period, the control sample had significantly the highest pH and syneresis and the lowest acidity, water holding capacity, viscosity, and overall acceptability among treatments. However, no significant difference between samples containing probiotic in acidity, pH, viscosity, syneresis, water holding capacity, and overall acceptability was observed. According to the results obtained of this study, yogurt made of goat's milk, in addition to being a suitable carrier for probiotics, its sensory properties improve as a result of the incorporation of these probiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The effect of chia seed mucilage containing different concentrations of aqueous olive leaf extract on the shelf life of chicken fillets in the refrigerator
Fereshteh Akhavan Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Shahin Zomorodi sara jafarian Asghar Khosrowshahi aslEnzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this stu MoreEnzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this study, the effect of chia seed mucilage coating containing 0, 15 and 30 percent aqueous extracts of olive leaves on quality of chicken fillets was investigated at the refrigerator (4°C) during 12 days of storage. During storage at intervals of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days, microbial counts (Lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and coliforms) and volatile nitrogen bases, pH and sensory evaluation of treatments were determined. The results showed that during storage, the count of aerobic mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria, coliforms and lactic acid bacteria and the volatile nitrogen bases and pH in chicken fillet increased, which was less in samples coated with chia seed mucilage containing olive leaf extract than the other treatments (p<0.01). According to the results of sensory evaluation, on the 4th day of storage, no significant difference in overall acceptability was observed between the samples (P>0.05). However, on the 8th day of storage, the control and sample coated by chia seed mucilage did not obtain the required overall acceptability score. According to the results obtained of this study, using the mucilage coating of chia seeds containing 30 percent of aqueous olive leaf extract, it is possible to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets at 4 °C for 8 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Edible Coatings Role on the Microbial Activity of Mozafati Date Fruits
mahdokht arjmand kermani fereshteh salajagheh behjat tajeddinMaintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, MoreMaintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, was used natural polymers including zein and chitosan, alone and along with pimpernel oil on microbial activity of Mazafati date fruits, for one year at 4 and -18°C and the second year at 10°C was investigated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan's mean comparison was performed. The results showed that this dates with 32% moisture content had a high microbial load. The fungi of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopu stolonifers, and Alternaria alternata were grown on it. These fungi, in particular Aspergillus niger, were involved in its rotting and lactic acid bacteria in its rancidity. By doing this research, the number of Aspergillus niger fungi was reduced by logarithmic three cycles using zein and chitosan edible coatings with pimpernel oil; and penicillium fungi were completely eliminated. In general, the lowest number of microbial growth was observed in Zein treatment 362.5 & 150 log cfu/g , in the first and second years respectively, and the highest number was observed in the control sample 10750 & 1025 log cfu/g. The use of anise oil also had an effect on reducing the overall count of microorganisms. Finally, according to the microbial results, the use of zein treatment is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The antimicrobial effect of basil seed mucilage-ZnO nanocomposite coating on the quality of cheddar cheese during ripening
Sahar Kheirkhah Foghara sara jafarian Shahin Zomorodi Leila Roozbeh Asghar Khosrowshahi aslCheddar cheese is a hard type of cheese. It is coated traditionally by a special wax. Commercial coating materials which are used for coating are non-edible as a result they are undesirable due to environmental pollution and allergies caused in some consumers. Today, bi MoreCheddar cheese is a hard type of cheese. It is coated traditionally by a special wax. Commercial coating materials which are used for coating are non-edible as a result they are undesirable due to environmental pollution and allergies caused in some consumers. Today, biodegradable films are receiving more attention. In this study, the effect of edible coating of basil seed mucilage containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) in three levels of zero, 0.25 and 0.5% on the quality properties of cheddar cheese was investigated during ripening for 90 days. The results of experiments showed that at the end of ripening, the highest amount of salt and fat and the lowest amount of moisture were related to the sample with mucilage coating containing 0.5% of ZnO-NP. Also, during ripening, in all samples the number of non-starter lactic acid bacteria increased, but the number of starter bacteria increased first and then decreased (p < 0.01). Also, in all treatments, the total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas, mold and yeast increased significantly during storage, which was the lowest in samples with coating containing ZnO-NP (p < 0.01). In addition, ZnO-NP coatings prevented mold growth on the surface of cheddar cheese samples. According to the results obtained of this study, basil seed mucilage containing 0.5% ZnO-NP can be used as a coating in cheddar cheese without any adverse effect on the flavor of cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Alkanedisulfamic acid functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles as a reusable efficient nanocatalyst for synthesis of gem-dihydroperoxides and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes
Kaveh Khosravi Ali Reza Karimi Shirin Naserifar -
Open Access Article
195 - Novel Silica-coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Synthetic Applications
Shripad Patil -
Open Access Article
196 - فرمولاسیون تغذیه حیوانات با قیمت شناور
سید هادی ناصری داود درویشیدر فرآیند تولید شیر، بالاترین قیمت مربوط به خوراک دام است. براساس گزارشهای متخصصان، حدود هفتاد درصد از هزینه های دام لبنی شامل هزینه های خوراک می شود. به منظور به حداقل رساندن قیمت کل خوراک دام و براساس محدودیت های منابع خوراک در هر منطقه یا فصل و همچنین هزینه های حمل و Moreدر فرآیند تولید شیر، بالاترین قیمت مربوط به خوراک دام است. براساس گزارشهای متخصصان، حدود هفتاد درصد از هزینه های دام لبنی شامل هزینه های خوراک می شود. به منظور به حداقل رساندن قیمت کل خوراک دام و براساس محدودیت های منابع خوراک در هر منطقه یا فصل و همچنین هزینه های حمل و نقل و نگهداری و در نهایت کاهش هزینه شیر، بهینه سازی برنامه تغذیه دام یک مسئله حیاتی بشمار می رود. به دلیل عدم اطمینان و عدم دقت در جیره غذایی مطلوب انجام شده با روشهای موجود براساس برنامه نویسی خطی، به استفاده از روشهای مناسب برای دستیابی به این هدف نیاز است. بدین ترتیب در این مطالعه، تدوین رژیم های غذایی کاملاً مخلوط گاوهای شیرده با استفاده یک برنامه نویسی خطی فازی در اوایل دوره شیردهی انجام شده است. استفاده از روش بهینه سازی فازی و قیمت شناور می تواند تدوین و تغییر رژیم های کاملاً مخلوط را با حاشیه های ایمنی مناسب ممکن سازد. بدین ترتیب استفاده از روشهای فازی در جیره های غذایی گاوهای شیری برای بهینه سازی رژیم ها توصیه می شود. بدیهی است که طراحی نرم افزار مناسب که امکان استفاده از قیمتهای شناور را برای تنظیم جیره های غذایی با استفاده از روش بهینه سازی فازی می دهد نیز می تواند مؤثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Induced Termination of Pregnancy in Domestic Farm Animals
G.N. Purohit C. Shekher P. Kumar K. Solanki -
Open Access Article
198 - Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility in Weast African Dwarf Goats Fed Raw or Processed Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Seed
F.O. Ahamefule M.D. Udo -
Open Access Article
199 - Indirect Selection Amongst Small Scale Holders of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Based on Coat Pigmentation and Wattle Types in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
T.A. Adedeji M.O. Ozoje L.O. Ojedapo O.A. Fasoyin R.I. OgundipeA research study was carried out on the indirect selection efforts amongst small scale holders of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats based on coat pigmentation and wattle types in Ogbomoso, Nigeria using personal interviews and structured questionnaires given using simple r MoreA research study was carried out on the indirect selection efforts amongst small scale holders of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats based on coat pigmentation and wattle types in Ogbomoso, Nigeria using personal interviews and structured questionnaires given using simple random on-farm techniques. The questionnaires were focused on the ownership distribution, preferred pigmentation and wattle types, disease susceptibility, death status, kidding status and market sales regarding coat pigmentation and wattle types. The questionnaires revealed that WAD goats with black pigmentation and two wattles had the highest ownership distribution, most preferred and better priced. It further revealed that black goats were highly diseased and died more, although this could be as a result of the preponderance of black goats in the study area. However, the respondents revealed that goats with two wattles were not easily susceptible to disease and lower deaths were often recorded. This showed that indirect selection of WAD goats based on coat pigmentation and wattle type is constantly going on amongst the small scale holders of WAD goats and this could be utilized for the breed genetic improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Survey on Quantity and Quality of Hair Produced by Goats Under Fars Province Conditions
S. Negahdari M. Salehi -
Open Access Article
201 - ارزیابی صفات ریختشناختی و تولیدمثلی تیپهای بُز شیری بومی در شمال غربی اَمهارا، اتیوپی
ک. آلمایهو د. کبدهدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی تیپ­های بُز شیری بومی بوده است. این تحققی در سه منطقه جداگانه (ابنت، گونجی-کوللا و فرتا) بر مبنای تفاوت­های اگرواکولوژیک، پتانسیل­های جمعیت­های بُز و تجربه کشاورزان پرورش دهنده بُز شیری اجرا گرد Moreهدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی تیپ­های بُز شیری بومی بوده است. این تحققی در سه منطقه جداگانه (ابنت، گونجی-کوللا و فرتا) بر مبنای تفاوت­های اگرواکولوژیک، پتانسیل­های جمعیت­های بُز و تجربه کشاورزان پرورش دهنده بُز شیری اجرا گردید. پرسشنامه­های نیمه­ساختار یافته، مشاهدات میدانی و اندازه­گیری صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی به کار گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سن در بلوغ جنسی نرها در ناحیه فرتا 41/0 ± 04/7 ماه (SE±میانگین) بوده است. ولی سن در نخستین آمیزش بُزهای نر در گونجی کوللا (95/0±84/9) و ابنت (28/1±54/11) بالاتر بوده است. میانگین طول بدن (BL) برای بُزهای تیپ شیری، دو منظوره و گوشتی به ترتیب 58/0 ± 65/59 ، 69/0 ± 87/54 و 74/0 ± 52/55 سانتی­متر بوده است. میانگین طول عقب پستان، محیط پستان و طول سرپستانک­ها به ترتیب 28/0 ± 14/17، 59/0 ± 39/31 و 07/0 ± 71/3 سانتی­متر، 48/0 ± 21/14، 01/1 ± 75/26 و 12/0 ± 41/3 سانتی­متر و 38/0 ± 44/13، 81/0 ± 67/24 و 09/0 ± 01/3 سانتی­متر بود. میانگین قطر عقب پستان برای بُزهای تیپ شیری، دو منظوره و گوشتی به ترتیب 22/0 ± 04/10، 37/0 ± 66/8 و 30/0 ± 01/8 سانتی­متر بوده است. بُزهای ماده تیپ شیری در مقایسه با تیپ­های دو منظوره و گوشتی به نحو معنی­داری دارای مقادیر بیشتر برای همه اندازه­های پستان و سرپستانک بودند (001/0>P). نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که پرورش و تولید مثل بُزها در قالب­های شیری، دو منظوره و گوشتی با توجه به سیستم پرورش آنها تخصصی نشده است. بنابراین ارزیابی صفات ریخت­شناختی و تولیدمثلی بُزهای تیپ شیری بومی با سامانه تولید تخصصی و متمرکز برای افزایش تولید شیر و کارآیی ضروری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پارامترهای خونی بز سوکوتو قرمز تغذیه شده با پودر برگ سابارا (Guiera senegalensis)
آ.آ. ابراهیم اس. هودو ام.اس. تمبوراوا آر.ام. آشیروهدف این مطالعه بررسی اثرات پودر برگ سابارا بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پارامترهای خون بز سوکوتو سرخ بود. بزها در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار قرار گرفتند. پودر برگ سابارا (SLM) در غلظت 0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد به ترتیب در تیمار 1، 2، 3 و 4 تغذیه میش Moreهدف این مطالعه بررسی اثرات پودر برگ سابارا بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پارامترهای خون بز سوکوتو سرخ بود. بزها در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار قرار گرفتند. پودر برگ سابارا (SLM) در غلظت 0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد به ترتیب در تیمار 1، 2، 3 و 4 تغذیه میشد. جیرههای آزمایشی و آب آشامیدنی در حد اشتها به حیوانات ارائه شدند. وزن اولیه بدن همه مشابه بود. بزهایی که جیره غذایی با 10 و 20 درصد SLM سریعتر از آنهایی که با جیره غذایی کنترل تغذیه شدند افزایش وزن داشتند (05/0>P). مصرف غذا در میان گروهها تفاوت معنیداری داشت (001/0>P). تیمار 4 در مقایسه T1 ، T2 و T3 مصرف غذای بیشتری داشت. وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی (FCR) با افزایش سطح SLM در جیره غذایی افزایش یافت تا نقطه تیمار 3 و بزهای تغذیه شده با 20 درصد SLM سنگینتر بودند. قابلیت هضمCP ، CF ، EE وNFE نیز در میان تیمارها اختلاف معنیدار داشت (05/0>P). به طور مشابه، قابلیت هضم DM، CF ، CP و EE در T3 نسبت به شاهد (T1) بهتر بود. هموگلوبین، MCV، MCH و پلاکتها در میان تیمارها متفاوت بودند (05/0>P، 01/0>P) . با اینحال،PCV ، RBC، WBC و MCHC اختلاف معنیداری نداشتند (05/0<P). سلولهای سفید خون در دو گروه تیماری تفاوت داشتند اما همگی در محدوده مرجع باقی ماندند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که جیره غذایی برگ سابارا میتواند به عنوان منابع غذایی برای پرورش بز استفاده شود. سطح SLM از 20 تا 30 درصد رشد بالا و مزایای بهتر و بدون اثر سوء بر عملکرد بیولوژیکی داشت. تحقیقات بیشتری برای ارزیابی جیره غذایی برگ سابارا بر عملکرد رشد و مصرف مواد مغذی توسط بز مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
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203 - تأثیر دو منبع تانن بر عملکرد، مصرف نیتروژن و راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزهای شیری
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ف. پورملایی س. صفاهدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی اثرات اسید تانیک (TA) و عصاره حاوی تانن محصولات فرعی پسته (PBE) بر مصرف نیتروژن و راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزهای شیری سانن بود. در این مطالعه از 6 رأس بز شیری چند شکم زایش در اواسط شیردهی در قالب یک طرح چرخشی با 3 دوره استفاده شد. محلول Moreهدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی اثرات اسید تانیک (TA) و عصاره حاوی تانن محصولات فرعی پسته (PBE) بر مصرف نیتروژن و راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزهای شیری سانن بود. در این مطالعه از 6 رأس بز شیری چند شکم زایش در اواسط شیردهی در قالب یک طرح چرخشی با 3 دوره استفاده شد. محلول TA و PBE در زمان سیلو کردن به یونجه تازه اضافه شد تا غلظت نهایی تانن حدود 1 درصد ماده خشک شود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1) سیلاژ یونجه بدون عملآوری (AS)، 2) سیلاژ یونجه عملآوری شده با TA (AS+TA)، و 3) سیلاژ یونجه عملآوری شده با PBE (AS+PBE). مصرف ماده خشک، ماده آلی و نیتروژن و همچنین تولید و ترکیبات شیر (به صورت درصد یا گرم در روز) تحت تأثیر اضافه کردن تانن قرار نگرفت. تغییر الگوی قابل ملاحظهای در دفع نیتروژن از ادرار به مدفوع در بزهای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی PBE در مقایسه با گروه شاهد مشاهده شد. دفع نیتروژن از ادرار دارای روند (10/0=P) رو به کاهش (4/17 در مقابل 2/19 گرم در روز) و دفع نیتروژن از مدفوع در بزهای تغذیه شده با AS + PBE نسبت به سیلاژ شاهد بیشتر (05/0P<) بود (6/14 در مقابل 6/12 گرم در روز). نیتروژن ابقا شده چه به صورت درصدی از نیتروژن مصرفی و چه به صورت گرم در روز، در بزهای تغذیه شده با AS + PBE نسبت به سیلاژ شاهد بیشتر بود (05/0P<). سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی تحت تأثیر اضاف کردن تانن قرار نگرفت. ولی، راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزهای تغذیه شده با تانن نسبت به آنهایی که با سیلاژ شاهد تغذیه شده بودند دارای روند رو به کاهش بود (10/0=P). اگرچه، تاننهای اضافه شده به سیلاژ یونجه ممکن است اثرات مفیدی بر مصرف نیتروژن و همچنین نیتروژن دفع شده به محیط زیست داشته باشند، ولی ممکن است با تخمیر شکمبهای تداخل ایجاد کرده و منجر به کاهش راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزها مخصوصاً آنهایی که با PBE تغذیه شدند، شود. Manuscript profile -
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204 - تأثیر گیاه مقاوم به شوری Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) به عنوان مکمل حیوانی در بز در بیابان Sonora، مکزیک
ر.جی. هولگوین پنا ب.ای. لوپز کرونا اچ. سلایا میچل جی.م. وارگاس لوپز اف. رُدری گواِز فلیکس یو. رامیرز کامپاس جی. اُرتگا-گارسیا ای.اُ. رواِدا پواِنتادر شمال غربی مکزیک، یک ناحیه بیابانی، جایگزینهای جدیدی برای رفع احتیاجات خوراک در بزها مورد نیاز است: شواهد نشان میدهند که تغذیه با علوفه Salicornia bigelovii، میتواند کمکی به سیستم بدستآوری بز باشد. با توجه به این گیاه مقاوم به شوری، اطلاعات مرتبط با استفاده از آن Moreدر شمال غربی مکزیک، یک ناحیه بیابانی، جایگزینهای جدیدی برای رفع احتیاجات خوراک در بزها مورد نیاز است: شواهد نشان میدهند که تغذیه با علوفه Salicornia bigelovii، میتواند کمکی به سیستم بدستآوری بز باشد. با توجه به این گیاه مقاوم به شوری، اطلاعات مرتبط با استفاده از آن به عنوان علوفه مکمل در بیابان Sonora بسیار محدود است، خصوصاً در بزها. هدف از این مطالعه شامل آنالیز Salicornia bigelovii در رابطه با ترکیب تغذیهای به عنوان علوفه در بزهای آبستن، ارزیابی وزن بزغالهها در زمان تولد، میانگین رشد وزنی روزانه آنها، وزن در زمان از شیرگیری، و همچنین تولید شیر بزها از مادرها بود. جیره براساس Salicornia و یونجه (تیمار 1: خوراک کامل (100 درصد Salicornia bigelovii) (96 درصد ماده خشک، 14 درصد پروتئین خام، 17 درصد فیبر خام و 45 درصد عصاره عاری از ازت). تیمار 2: خوراک کامل (100 درصد) با یونجه (90 درصد ماده خشک، 18 درصد پروتئین خام، 24 درصد فیبر خام و 52 درصد عصاره عاری از ازت)، با 20 واحد آزمایشی به ازای هر تیمار آنالیز شدند. ماده خشک روزانه فراهم شده به ازای هر واحد آزمایشی (ماده خشک/بز/روزانه) 600 گرم بود. نتایج نشان دادند که براساس علوفه خشک Salicornia میتواند به عنوان یک جزء علوفهای استفاده شود، اما در جیره بزهای Creole ضروری نیست، از آنجاکه رشد مثبتی در رشد بزغالهها و تولید شیر داشت. مهم است که ارزیابیها را با گیاه مقاوم به شوری Salicornia در متغییرهای مختلف بدستآوری بز، با استفاده از جیرههای براساس گونههای علوفهای دیگر از قبیل علف نمکی و coquia، و سایر گونههای بومی نیز انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
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205 - تشکیل هیدروژن پراکسیداز توسط سرد کردن اسپرماتوزوآ بز و تأثیرات اسپرماتوزوآ مرده روی ویژگیهای جنبایی
م. آلوماردر این مطالعه، تشکیل هیدروژن پراکسیداز (H2O2) توسط سرد کردن اسپرماتوزوآ بز اندازه گیری شد. علاوه بر این، تأثیرات اسپرماتوزوآ مرده روی ویژگیهای جنبایی مطالعه شدند. اجاکولیتهای جمعآوری شده تازه از پنج بز نر شامی سانتریفیوژ شدند و تقریباً تمامی پلاسمای سمینال حذف شد. ق Moreدر این مطالعه، تشکیل هیدروژن پراکسیداز (H2O2) توسط سرد کردن اسپرماتوزوآ بز اندازه گیری شد. علاوه بر این، تأثیرات اسپرماتوزوآ مرده روی ویژگیهای جنبایی مطالعه شدند. اجاکولیتهای جمعآوری شده تازه از پنج بز نر شامی سانتریفیوژ شدند و تقریباً تمامی پلاسمای سمینال حذف شد. قسمتی از اسپرماتوزوآ جمعآوری شده توسط دو روش کشته شدند: ابتدا توسط فریز مکرر در نیتروژن مایع و یخ­ گشایی در 37 درجه سلسیوس در حمام آب و دوم توسط اضافه کردن اسپرماتوزوآ به آب دوبار تقطیر. در آزمایش اول، یک آزمون فلوسیتومتری با عامل 10-استیل3،7-دیهیدروکسیفنوکسازین بهعنوان یک پروب برای تشخیص H2O2 برای اندازه گیری تشکیل H2O2 استفاده شد. در آزمایش دوم، تأثیرات اضاقه کردن صفر (کنترل)، 25، 50 و 75 درصد (V/V) اسپرماتوزوآ مرده برای زندگی کردن جنبایی اسپرم با استفاده از آنالیز رایانهای اسپرم (CASA) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. هیدروژن پراکسیداز از اسپرماتوزآ سرد شده زنده و مرده تولید شد و مقادیر این عامل با زمان افزایش داشت. علاوه بر این، تفاوتهای معنیدار واضحی (0.05>P) بین سطوح تولید ­شده از اسپرماتوزوآ مرده در مقایسه با زنده مشاهده شد. اسپرماتوزوآ مرده توسط تیمار فریز و یخگشایی مکرر مقدار بیشتری H2O2 تولید کرد (P>0.05). ارزشهای درصد جنبایی اسپرماتوزوآ (MOT %)، درصد پیشرونده جنبایی اسپرماتوزوآ (PMOT %) و متوسط سرعت مسیر (VAP) بهطور معنیداری کاهش داشتند (0.05>P) در مقایسه با کنترلها زمانیکه اسپرماتوزوا مرده اضافه شد. اثر منفی روی پارامترهای CASA قبلی افزایش داشت زمانیکه درصدهای اسپرماتوزوآ مرده افزایش داشت هر آنچه که مسیر مرگ اسپرم بود. در نتیجه، تشکیل زیاد H2O2 از اسپرماتوزوآ سرد شده مرده بز ممکن است مسئول کاهش جنبایی باشد. حذف اسپرماتوزوآ مرده از محیط کشت انکوبه میتواند به بهبود ویژگیهای جنبایی اسپرم سرد شده بز کمک نماید. Manuscript profile -
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206 - اثرات آمیختهگری بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب در بزهای بومی قزوینی
م.ح. هادی-تواتری ا. رشیدی ح. جهانی-عزیزآبادی م. رزمکبیردر این مطالعه پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه longissimus lumborum (LL) بزغالههای نر سه گروه ژنوتیپی بزهای بومی استان قزوین (Q، 10=n)، آمیختههای بومی قزوین× سانن (QS، 10=n) و (بومی قزوین×سانن)×سانن (QSS، 9=n) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همه بزغالهها در سن 75 ر Moreدر این مطالعه پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه longissimus lumborum (LL) بزغالههای نر سه گروه ژنوتیپی بزهای بومی استان قزوین (Q، 10=n)، آمیختههای بومی قزوین× سانن (QS، 10=n) و (بومی قزوین×سانن)×سانن (QSS، 9=n) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همه بزغالهها در سن 75 روزگی از شیر گرفته شده بودند و با جیرهای حاوی 30 درصد یونجه و 75 درصد کنسانتره تغذیه شدند. بزغالهها در سن 130 روزگی ذبح شده و بلافاصله از ماهیچه LL آنها نمونهها جمعآوری گردید. دادهها با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس یکطرفه و روش GLM آنالیز شد. مجموع تغییرات پروفایل اسیدهای چرب گروههای ژنتیکی از طریق تجزیه تشخیص کانونی (CDA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. تفاوت میانگین چربی درون ماهیچهای (0.94=Q، QS=2.01 و 1.05=QSS، گرم در 100 گرم گوشت)، اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA، Q=40.78، QS=25.43 و 36.9=QSS)، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با چندین باند مضاعف (PUFA، 99/12=Q، 89/13=QS و 41/22=QSS)، کل اسید لینولئیک مزدوج (CLA، Q=10.2، QS=2.32 و 1.02=QSS) و اسیدهای چرب مفید (73.63=Q، 67.18=QS و 74.87=QSS) معنیدار بود (0.05>P). همچنین نسبتهای PUFA:SFA و C18:2,n-6:C18:2,n-3 درگروههای ژنتیکی معنیدار بود (0.05>P). گروههای ژنتیکی توسط روش CDA و بر اساس کل اسیدهای چرب موجود در چربی داخل ماهیچه LL در دسته بندیهای متفاوت قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که آمیختهگری دارای اثر معنیدار (0.05>P) بر تغییرات پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه LL بزغالهها بود و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه LL بزغالههای آمیخته نسبت به بزغالههای بومی استان قزوین کیفیت بهتری داشت. بر اساس شرایط این آزمایش آمیختهگری میتواند استراتژی مناسبی برای تولید گوشت بز با غلظت بالایی از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با جنبههای مفید برای سلامتی مصرفکننده باشد. Manuscript profile -
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207 - تأثیرات غنیسازی کاه ارزن انگشتی (Eleusine coracana) با جیرههای مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور بر عملکرد بزهای کونکان کانیال
آ.آ. بلو بی.جی. دسای آر.جی. بورته وی.اس. دندکار جی.اس. دیهکاله اس. کومار وی.کا. گبرمدهیناین آزمایش با هدف مطالعه اثرات جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات طیور بر مصرف ماده خشک، تغییرات وزن زنده، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و تعادل ازت بزهای کونکان کانیال صورت گرفت. 30 راس بز کونکان کانیال با سن 9 تا 12 ماه و متوسط وزن 66/13 کیلوگرم در قالب یک طرح بلوک تصادفی (RBD) مورد Moreاین آزمایش با هدف مطالعه اثرات جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات طیور بر مصرف ماده خشک، تغییرات وزن زنده، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و تعادل ازت بزهای کونکان کانیال صورت گرفت. 30 راس بز کونکان کانیال با سن 9 تا 12 ماه و متوسط وزن 66/13 کیلوگرم در قالب یک طرح بلوک تصادفی (RBD) مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. بزها به صورت تصادفی به پنج تیمار (T1 تا T5) تخصیص داده شدند. تیمار یک شامل بزهای تغذیه شده با صفر درصد جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور بود. در تیمار دوم، بزها با 20 درصد جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور ، در تیمار سوم، بزها با 40 درصد جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور ، در تیمار چهارم، بزها با 60 درصد جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور، در تیمار پنجم، بزها با 80 درصد جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور تغذیه شدند. میانگین مصرف ماده خشک (کیلوگرم) در گروه­های تیماری غنی­سازی شده با فضولات خشک طیور (تیمار دوم (12/18±99/572)، تیمار سوم (76/27±09/614)، تیمار چهارم (79/32±37/605)، تیمار پنجم (15/9±24/619)) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (تیمار اول (86/28±47/571)) بالاتر بود. وزن بدن زنده نهایی (کیلوگرم) در تیمار پنجم (27/1±4/19) به شکل معنی­داری (05/0 >P) بالاتر از تیمار اول (02/1±72/14)، تیمار دوم (88/0±45/15)، تیمار سوم (48/0±03/16) و اندکی بالاتر از تیمار چهارم (19/1±28/18) بود. به همین ترتیب در کارآیی ضریب تبدیل، تیمار پنجم (28/0±0/9) و تیمار چهارم (44/0±34/8) به صورت معنی­داری (05/0>P) عملکرد بهتری در مقایسه با تیمارهای T3 (29/0±53/3)، تیمار دوم (48/0±88/2)، تیمار اول (34/0±89/2) داشتند. قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی نیز در همه پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده در تیمار پنج به نحو معنی­داری (05/0>P) بالاتر بوده و تعادل ازت نیز در تمامی گروه­های تیماری مثبت بوده است. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می­دهد که خوراندن جیره­های مبتنی بر فضولات خشک شده طیور تا سطح 80 درصد به بزهای کونکان کانیال که کاه ارزن بند انگشتی را به عنوان جیره پایه دریافت می­کنند، ارزش خوراک را بهبود بخشیده و عملکرد بهتری ایجاد می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Estrus Characteristics of Black Bengal Does Under Intensive Condition
M. Fakruzzaman Q.S. Akter S.S. Husain M.A.M.Y. Khandoker A.S. Apu M.R. Islam -
Open Access Article
209 - مطالعه مقدماتی روی عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها در منطقه چیتاگنگ بنگلادش
ان. بومیک ام.ا م. میا ام.ام. رحمان اس. اسلاممطالعه حاضر در جهت ایجاد شناخت و آگاهی از عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها در منطقه چیتاگنگ در طی دوره ماه می تا دسامبر سال 2012 صورت گرفت. دادههای صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی از روی 324 بز جمعآوری شد. در مطالعه حاضر، وزن تولد بزهای Moreمطالعه حاضر در جهت ایجاد شناخت و آگاهی از عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها در منطقه چیتاگنگ در طی دوره ماه می تا دسامبر سال 2012 صورت گرفت. دادههای صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی از روی 324 بز جمعآوری شد. در مطالعه حاضر، وزن تولد بزهای جاموناپاری نسبت به آمیختههای دیگر بالاتر بود. وزن هنگام بلوغ بزهای نر و ماده جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها به ترتیب 53/3 ± 70/50، 67/1 ± 27/24 و 53/2 ± 38/40 و 78/3 ± 47/45، 33/2 ± 06/21 و 97/2 ± 72/35 کیلوگرم بود. بیشترین تولید شیر و دوره شیردهی در بزهای جاموناپاری مشاهده شد. میانگین سن بلوغ بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها به ترتیب 77/25 ± 00/335، 73/18 ± 12/194 و 57/22 ± 50/287 روز بود. سن اولین آبستنی در بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها به ترتیب 54/22 ± 00/381، 87/16 ± 94/217 و 25/21 ± 25/321 روز بود. سن اولین زایش بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها 58/24 ± 00/534، 96/16 ± 12/368 و 25/21 ± 25/471 بود. فاصله بین دو زایش بزهای سیاه بنگال پایینتر بود، یعنی عملکرد تولیدمثلی در بزهای سیاه بنگال نسبت به بزهای جاموناپاری و آمیختههای آنها بهتر بود. دوره آبستنی بزهای جاموناپاری، سیاه بنگال و آمیختههای آنها به ترتیب 19/8 ± 71/151، 61/7 ± 72/146 و 74/7 ± 85/147 روز بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Study of Milking Efficiency, Biochemical Milk Composition and Hormonal Blood Parameters of Armenian Goat Breeds for the Second Lactation Period
G.Y. Marmaryan -
Open Access Article
211 - Optimal Forage Choices for Lactating Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats: Feed Intake, Behavior Time Budget, Milk Production, and Blood Metabolites
M.H. Khabbazan H. Amanlou D. Zahmatkesh E. Mahjoubi A. Nikkhah -
Open Access Article
212 - مدلسازی رشد و آنالیز ژنتیکی روی صفات رشد بز Sirohi تحت شرایط مزرعه
ل. گاوتام ر.آ. کومار ناگدا ه. اشرف وایزدادههای روی 6772 رکورد رشد بزهای Sirohi نگهداری شده در تمامی مراکز تحقیقاتی هماهنگ شده بز Sirohi هند در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دامهای اهلی، والابهنگار، اودایپور، هند، و رکوردگیری شده بین 2004 و 2016، برای مطالعه صفات رشد مرتبط و کنترل ژنتیکی آنها آنالیز شدند. بهطور کلی میا Moreدادههای روی 6772 رکورد رشد بزهای Sirohi نگهداری شده در تمامی مراکز تحقیقاتی هماهنگ شده بز Sirohi هند در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دامهای اهلی، والابهنگار، اودایپور، هند، و رکوردگیری شده بین 2004 و 2016، برای مطالعه صفات رشد مرتبط و کنترل ژنتیکی آنها آنالیز شدند. بهطور کلی میانگینهای حداقل مربعات وزن بدن در تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی، 12 ماهگی به ترتیب 0.03 ± 2.34، 0.19 ± 12.44، 0.22 ± 16.31، 0.47 ± 20.08 و 0.40 ± 25.09 کیلوگرم، بودند. اگرچه میانگینهای حداقل مربعات برای میانگین رشد روزانه پیش و پس از شیرگیری 2.15 ± 1113.66 و 0.94 ± 46.17 گرم / روز، به ترتیب بودند. فاکتورهای غیر ژنتیکی گوناگون اثرات متغییری روی صفات رشد در فازهای متفاوتی از سن نشان دادند. خوشه و دوره تولد اثر معنیداری روی تمامی صفات رشد داشت. فصل تولد اثر معنیداری داشت به­ جز وزن تولد. بزغالههای متولد شده تابستان وزن بدن بیشتر و سنگینتر و رشد پیش و پس از شیرگیری نسبت به بزغالههای متولد شده در زمستان و فصل بارانی داشتند. نرها وزن بیشتر و رشد روزانه بیشتر نسبت به مادهها در تقریباً همه مراحل رشد داشتند. بزغالههای نخستین مادرها وزن تولد کمتری معنیداری در مقایسه با بزغالههای مادران چند شکم داشتند. بزغالههای متولد شده منفرد مزیت متمایزی نسبت به آنهایی که چندقلو متولد شده بودند در تمامی صفات رشد داشتند. تابعیت رویوزن مادر در بزغالهزایی برای تمامی مراحل صفات رشد مثبت معنیدار بودند. وراثتپذیری برآورد شده تمامی اوزان بدن و رشدهای وزنی در مراحل متفاوت از رشد متوسط بودند (0.28-0.16)، به ­جز برای متوسط رشد روزانه پس از شیرگیری، که وراثتپذیری پایینی داشت (0.01±0.07). همبستگیهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی در میان صفات متفاوت رشد مثبت و بالا بود، به­جز برای همبستگی فنوتیپی بین رشدهای پیش و پس از شیرگیری که منفی بود. برای مدلهای رشد غیر خطی، viz، Gompertz، Brody، Logistic و Von Bertalanffy برای توضیح الگوی رشد در بزغالههای Sirohi براساس پارامترهای رشد استفاده شدند. بیشترین مقدار R2و ارزشهای کمترین خطای مطلق میانگین (MAE)، معیار اطلاعاتی آکائیک (AIC) و درصد خطای مطلق میانگین (MAPE) در مدل Brody مشاهده شدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Genetic Variation within and between Three Iranian Goat Populations Using Nine Microsatellite Markers
P. Gholizadeh M.B. Montazer Torbati A. Javanmard S. Alijani -
Open Access Article
214 - Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance of Acacia auriculate, Gmelina arborea, Albizia lebbeck and Butryospermum parkii by Yankasa Bucks
S.B. Abdu M.R. Hasan H.Y. Adamu S.M. Yashimi M.J. Abdullahi -
Open Access Article
215 - Performance and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diet Containing Incremental Sodium Humate
T.T. Ikyume A.O. Yusuf A.O. Oni O.S. Sowande S. Ikuejamoye-Omotore S.S. Dansu -
Open Access Article
216 - Therapeutic Evaluation of Mineral Preparation for the Amelioration of Anaemia in Goats of Arid Zone of Rajasthan
D. Goklaney A.P. Singh R.K. Dhuria A. Ahuja -
Open Access Article
217 - Potential for Using Leucaena leucocephala or Manihot esculenta Leaves for Supplementing Feeding of Goats in West Cameroon
F. Tendonkeng B. Boukila T.E. Pamo -
Open Access Article
218 - Effects of Levels of Ficus (Ficus sycomorus) Supplementation on Voluntary Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Yankasa Bucks Fed Urea Treated Maize Stover Basal Diet
S.B. Abdu H. Ahmed M.R. Jokthan H.Y. Adamu S.M. Yashimi -
Open Access Article
219 - اثر جایگزینی جو با دانههای آسیاب شده خرما بر روی عملکرد رشد بزهای نر
آی.اس. میلاد آ.اس.آ.ام. ال-زهاف آی.آ. آزاگااین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی جو با سطوح مختلف دانههای آسیاب شده خرما (GDS) در جیره غذایی (0، 15، 30 و 45 درصد) بر عملکرد بزهای نر بومی در حال رشد انجام شد. شانزده بزغاله نر بومی (متوسط وزن زنده 1/16±41/1 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی به چهار (4 حیوان در ه Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی جو با سطوح مختلف دانههای آسیاب شده خرما (GDS) در جیره غذایی (0، 15، 30 و 45 درصد) بر عملکرد بزهای نر بومی در حال رشد انجام شد. شانزده بزغاله نر بومی (متوسط وزن زنده 1/16±41/1 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی به چهار (4 حیوان در هر تیمار) قرار گرفتند. مدت آزمایش یک دوره 14 روز پیش آزمایش و به دنبال آن 60 روز اندازهگیری بود .تجزیه و تحلیل شیمیایی نشان داد که دانههای آسیاب شده خرما مورد استفاده در این پژوهش به ترتیب شامل 3/6، 7/8، 4/62، 5/49، و 7/3 درصد پروتئین خام، چربی خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خاکستر بود. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنیداری در میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه (83/54، 67/56، 58/44 و 92/47 گرم) و یا افزایش کل (28/3، 40/3، 68/2 و 88/2 کیلوگرم) و همچنین در مصرف کل (12/35، 53/28، 12/28 و 15/29 کیلوگرم) و یا در مصرف کنسانتره وجود دارد. البته مصرف یونجه گروه کنترل در مقایسه با تیمارهای دیگر (33/8، 82/5، 18/6 و 3/6) و در مقایسه با دانههای آسیاب شده خرما 0، 30، 15، و 45 درصد بیشتر بود (05/0>P). تفاوت معنیداری در ضریب تبدیل غذایی (09/11، 98/8، 24/12 و 50/11) بین تیمارها وجود نداشت (05/0<P). معیارهای اقتصادی نشان داد که افزایش سطح دانههای آسیاب شده خرما در جیره منجر به کاهش در هزینههای مصرف کل (08/12، 82/8، 48/7 و 57/6LD ) برای 0، 15، 30، و 45 درصد تیمار شده است. نشان داده شده که سود خالص با گنجاندن 15 و 45 درصد GDS در مقایسه با جیره غذایی کنترل (2/8 و 8/7 در مقابل3/4) دو برابر شده است. مشاهده شد که کارایی نسبی اقتصادی با افزایش سطح دانههای آسیاب شده خرما افزایش یافته است. این مطالعه نشان داد که دانههای آسیاب شده خرما را میتوان در جیره بز بومی در حال رشد تا 15 درصد بدون هیچگونه اثر مضر بر عملکرد اضافه نمود. با اینحال، سود اقتصادی با 45 درصد دانههای آسیاب شده خرما به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - آنالیز هورمون رشد در بزهای نژاد آلپاین و سانن با استفاده از روش PCR-SSCP
ر. خاتمی نژاد س. یوسفی م. آهنی آذریدر این مطالعه به منظور بررسی چند شکلی ژن هورمون رشد به عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا، نمونههای خون به طور تصادفی از 34 بز نژاد آلپاین و 42 بز نژاد سانن به دست آمد. DNA از نمونههای گرفته شده استخراج و ناحیه 365 جفت بازی از اگزون 5 ژن هورمون رشد توسط واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز Moreدر این مطالعه به منظور بررسی چند شکلی ژن هورمون رشد به عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا، نمونههای خون به طور تصادفی از 34 بز نژاد آلپاین و 42 بز نژاد سانن به دست آمد. DNA از نمونههای گرفته شده استخراج و ناحیه 365 جفت بازی از اگزون 5 ژن هورمون رشد توسط واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز تکثیر شد. محصولات PCR توسط روش SSCP بر روی ژل پلی اکریل آمید مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. نتایج آنالیز نشان داد که برای ژن مورد مطالعه چهار الگوی باندی متفاوت G1، G2،G3 و G4 به ترتیب با فراوانیهای 38/0 ،21/0 ،23/0 و 18/0 در بز آلپاین و 48/0، 21/0 ، 17/0 و 14/0 در بز نژاد سانن مشاهده شدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - مطالعه اثرات دوره سرمایی بر کیفیت اسپرم بزهای سانن و جاموناپاری
تی. اسواراموهان کا. نیلانی پی. سورکا پی. ماهادوان ک. بالاسوبرامانیامهدف از مطالعه حاضر آزمودن اثرات دوره سرمایی بر کیفیت منی بزهای سانن و جاموناپاری بود. منی نژادهای بز با استفاده از واژن مصنوعی جمعآوری و در دمای 5 تا 9 درجه سانتیگراد سرد شد. حجم، رنگ و pH منی تازه تعیین شد. پس از رقیقسازی، آزمایش میکروسکپی از نظر تحرک پیشرونده و زند Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر آزمودن اثرات دوره سرمایی بر کیفیت منی بزهای سانن و جاموناپاری بود. منی نژادهای بز با استفاده از واژن مصنوعی جمعآوری و در دمای 5 تا 9 درجه سانتیگراد سرد شد. حجم، رنگ و pH منی تازه تعیین شد. پس از رقیقسازی، آزمایش میکروسکپی از نظر تحرک پیشرونده و زندهمانی اسپرم صورت گرفت. منی رقیق شده دو نژاد به وسیله آزمایش میکروسکپی از روز 0 تا 3 سرمادهی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. هموسایتومتر جهت ارزیابی شمار اسپرمها با استفاده از 10 میکرولیتر منی بارگذاری شد. از رنگآمیزی ائوزین (1 درصد) برای تخمین اسپرمهای زنده استفاده شد. گرچه زندهمانی و سرعت حرکت اسپرمهای دو نژاد بز به طور وابسته به زمان در طی سرمادهی کاهش یافت (05/0>P)، زندهمانی بین بزهای سانن و جاموناپاری به طور معنیدار تفاوت نداشت. در هرحال، تفاوت معنیداری برای میانگینهای سرعت حرکت اسپرم مشاهده شد (05/0>P). تحرک پیشرونده و زندهمانی به طور تدریجی در طی سرمادهی در 5 تا 9 درجه سانتیگراد کاهش داشت. به منظور کسب نرخ موفق بالاتر تلقیح، باید منی سرمادهی شده بز برای دامداران در طی یک روز فراهم شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - تعیین ساختار جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه در بزهای سانن سازگار یافته به جیرهای با فیبر بالا در شمال شرق ایران
س.ه. ابراهیمی ر. ولیزاده و. حیدریان میریبز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گلههای تجاری سراسر جهان یافت میشود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیرههای حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شک Moreبز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گلههای تجاری سراسر جهان یافت میشود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیرههای حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شکمی پس از چرای صبحگاهی گرفته شد. پس از خشک کردن نمونههای فوق با روش فریز درایر و استخراج دیانای، ژنهای 16S rRNA باکتریایی و آرکهای و 18S rRNA پروتوزوآیی با واکنش زنجیره پلیمراز تکثیر شدند و پس از توالییابی با روش پایروسکوئنسینگ تیتانیوم 454، با نرم افزار کیمه آنالیز شدند. تجزیه دادهها نشان داد که در سطح جنس، پریوتلا که در شاخه باکتریودتز قرار دارد با غالبیت نسبی 41/29 درصد کل باکتریها اکثریت جنس باکتریایی شکمبه را تشکیل داده بود. جنس طبقهبندی نشدهای از گروه باکتریودالز در همین شاخه (باکتریودتز) با سهم 01/11 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی به عنوان باکتری غالب دوم تعیین شد. شاخه غالب دوم باکتریایی در شکمبه بزهای سانن فرمیکوتس بود و 3 جنس طبقهبندی نشده رده کلستریدیالز ذیل این شاخه جمعا 42/21 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی را به خود اختصاص داده بودند. غالبترین جنس پروتوزوآیی انتودینیوم بود که 78/46 درصد کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ را به خود اختصاص داده بود. پس از آن، اپیدینیوم و افریسکولکس با سهم 37/12 و 92/11 درصدی از کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ در رتبه دوم و سوم قرار داشتند. توالیهای مرتبط با متانوپلاسماتالز به عنوان آرکه غالب جمعیت میکروبی در شکمبه بزهای سانن شناسایی شدند. متانوبرویباکتر گوتسچالکی کلید و متانوبرویباکتر رمیننتیوم کلید با فراوانی به ترتیب 79/35 و 36/13 درصد دومین و سومین گروه تولیدکننده متان بودند. نسبت توالیهای طبقهبندی نشده بالا در نمونههای محتویات شکمبه بزهای سانن در شرایط این مطالعه نشان میدهد باید مطالعات بیشتری بر اساس روشهای مبتنی بر کشت در خصوص شناسایی گونههای مربوطه که احتمالاً در هضم فیبر نقش مهم و اساسی دارند انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Effect of Different Levels of Chromium Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Oxidative Stability and Ruminal Metabolites of Male Goat Kids
A. Emami A. Zali M. Ganjkhanlou A. Hozhabri A. Akbari Afjani -
Open Access Article
224 - ارزیابی ژنتیکی صفات مرتبط با نرخ و کارایی رشد در بز کرکی رائینی
م.س. مختاری م. رزمکبیر ح. قیاسی ی. محمدیصفات مرتبط با کارایی رشد برای بهبود ژنتیکی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک به ویژه در مناطق گرمسیری با مراتع فقیر از لحاظ کمّی و کیفی، اهمیت اقتصادی دارند. از دادههای جمع­آوری شده طی سالهای 1376 تا 1392 در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد بز کرکی رائینی، واقع در استان کرمان، جنوب شرقی ایران Moreصفات مرتبط با کارایی رشد برای بهبود ژنتیکی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک به ویژه در مناطق گرمسیری با مراتع فقیر از لحاظ کمّی و کیفی، اهمیت اقتصادی دارند. از دادههای جمع­آوری شده طی سالهای 1376 تا 1392 در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد بز کرکی رائینی، واقع در استان کرمان، جنوب شرقی ایران، برای تخمین پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات افزایش وزن روزانه از تولد تا شیرگیری (ADG1)، افزایش وزن روزانه از شیرگیری تا شش ماهگی (ADG2)، افزایش وزن روزانه از تولد تا شش ماهگی (ADG3)، نسبت کلیبر از تولّد تا شیرگیری (KR1)، نسبت کلیبر از شیرگیری تا شش ماهگی (KR2)، نسبت کلیبر از تولد تا شش ماهگی (KR3)، کارایی رشد از تولد تا شیرگیری (GE1)، کارایی رشد از شیرگیری تا شش ماهگی (GE2) و کارایی رشد از تولد تا شش ماهگی (GE3) استفاده شد. تعداد رکوردهای صفات در دوره تولد تا شیرگیری، شیرگیری تا شش ماهگی و تولد تا شش ماهگی به ترتیب 2817، 2541 و 2701 رکورد بودند. وراثت­پذیریهای مستقیم صفات ADG1، ADG2، ADG3، KR1، KR2، KR3، GE1، GE2 و GE3 به ترتیب 08/0، 03/0، 06/0، 19/0، 03/0، 07/0، 07/0، 09/0 و 08/0 برآورد شدند. وراثت­پذیریهای مادری صفات ADG1، KR1 و GE1 به ترتیب 09/0، 11/0 و 10/0 برآورد شدند. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی بین صفات از 95/0- بین ADG3 و KR1 تا 99/0 بین ADG1 و KR1، ADG2 و KR2، ADG3 و KR3، KR1 و GE1 متغیر بودند. همبستگیهای فنوتیپی بین صفات هر دوره مثبت و زیاد بودند و از 77/0 بین ADG2 و GE2 تا 96/0 بین ADG3 و KR3 متغیّر بودند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که به دلیل تنوع کم ژنتیکی افزایشی در صفات نرخ و کارایی رشد انتخاب مستقیم برای بهبود زنتیکی این صفات کارآمد نیست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Effect of Goat Follicular Fluid on in vitro Production of Embryos in Black Bengal Goats
S.A. Masudul Hoque M.A.M. Yahia Khandoker S.K. Kabiraj L.Y. Asad M. Fakruzzaman K.M.A. Tareq -
Open Access Article
226 - آنالیز ژنتیکی جمعیتهای بُز بومی نیجریه با استفاده از نشانگرهای ریزماهواره
اُ.آ. اُجو جی.ن. آکپا م. اُرونمویی آی.آ. آدیینکا م. کبیر سی. آلفونسوساین مطالعه با هدف تعیین رابطه ژنتیکی بین چهار جمعیت تاریخی بُز بومی نیجریه صورت گرفته است. 200 بُز از سه نژاد به نام­های ساحل (60)، سوکوتو قرمز (60)، کوتوله غرب آفریقا (60) و سویه قهوه­ای کانو (20) در این مطالعه به کار برده شدند. نمونه­های بافت از گوش حیوانا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف تعیین رابطه ژنتیکی بین چهار جمعیت تاریخی بُز بومی نیجریه صورت گرفته است. 200 بُز از سه نژاد به نام­های ساحل (60)، سوکوتو قرمز (60)، کوتوله غرب آفریقا (60) و سویه قهوه­ای کانو (20) در این مطالعه به کار برده شدند. نمونه­های بافت از گوش حیوانات با استفاده از پانچ گوش آلفلکس جمع­آوری گردیده و در لوله­های پلاستیکی حاوی ماده نگهدارنده بافت آلفلکس قرار داده شدند. استخراج DNA تکثیر و توالی­یابی در موسسه بین­المللی تحقیقات حیوانات اهلی (ILRI) نایروبی کنیا انجام شد. آنالیز ژنتیکی DNA با استفاده از 25 نشانگر پیشنهاد شده مشترکاً توسط سازمان خواربار و کشاورزی ملل متحد (FAO) و انجمن بین­المللی ژنتیک حیوانی (ISAG) انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که بالاترین هتروزیگوتی به ترتیب در بُزهای قهوه­ای کانو (04/0±68/0) و سوکوتو قرمز (04/0±64/0) دیده شده و کمترین مقدار نیز در کوتوله غرب آفریقا (05/0±58/0) دیده می­شود. در کُل جمعیت بُزها، همخونی اندکی مشاهده گردیده و میانگین Fis و Fit به ترتیب 105/0 و 129/0 بود. همان­گونه که انتظار می­رفت، جمعیت­های سوکوتو قرمز و قهوه­ای کانو بالاتری قرابت ژنتیکی را داشتند (فاصله ژنتیکی برابر با 022/0). این موضوع تأیید می­کند که قهوه­ای کانو یک سویه از نژاد سوکوتو قرمز است. جریان ژنی (Nm) نقش مهمی در یکنواختی ژنتیکی در جمعیت­هایی که از نظر جغرافیایی همسایگی نزدیکی داشتند، ایفا می­کرد (868/14). دندروگرام نیز درجه مطابقت قابل توجهی با منشا جغرافیایی در این کشور داشت. اطلاعات حاصل از این مطالعه در توسعه، کاربرد و حفاظت از بُزهای بومی نیجریه مفید واقع می­شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - تعیین خصوصیات ژن و پروتئین Rheb در بز کرکی راینی
م.ر. محمدآبادی ف. توحیدی نژادهدف این پژوهش تعیین خصوصیات ژن و پروتئین Rheb در بز کرکی راینی بود. آنالیز مقایسه­ای توالی­های نوکلئوتیدی اجرا شد. چارچوب­های قرائت باز (ORFs)، وزن­های ملکولی پلی­پپتیدها، نقاط ایزوالکتریک، خصوصیات پروتئین و ساختار سه بعدی آن با استفاده از نرم افزاره Moreهدف این پژوهش تعیین خصوصیات ژن و پروتئین Rheb در بز کرکی راینی بود. آنالیز مقایسه­ای توالی­های نوکلئوتیدی اجرا شد. چارچوب­های قرائت باز (ORFs)، وزن­های ملکولی پلی­پپتیدها، نقاط ایزوالکتریک، خصوصیات پروتئین و ساختار سه بعدی آن با استفاده از نرم افزارهای استاندارد برخط پیش­بینی شد. توالی نوکلئوتیدی کامل cDNA بزکرکی راینی با بز کرکی مغولی، گاو، اسب و انسان به ترتیب 99 درصد، 99 درصد، 99 درصد و 94 درصد شباهت داشت. پروتئین Rheb بز کرکی راینی شامل 184 آمینواسید بود و وزن ملکولی پیشبینی شده برای پروتئین تغییرنیافته آن 20478 گرم/مول به دست آمد و نقطه ایزوالکتریک آن 59/5 برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که دامین RAS در آمینواسید 4 شروع می­شود و تا آمینواسید 170 ادامه دارد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که cDNA ژن Rheb طولی معادل 555 جفت باز دارد و شامل یک چارچوب قرائت باز کامل مربوط به یک پلی­پپتید 184 آمینواسیدی است. نتایج در بز کرکی راینی نشان داد که یک سایت ان-گلیکوسیلاسیون، سه سایت فسفریلاسیون پروتئین کیناز C، دو سایت فسفریلاسیون کازئین کیناز II، چهار میکروبادی C ترمینال هدف گیرنده سیگنال­ها، دو سایت باند شونده به ATP/GTP موتیف A (P-loop) و یک سایت باند شونده به گروه پرنیل برای سایت­های P پیشبینی شده برای Rheb وجود دارد. همچنین پروتئین Rheb بز کرکی راینی اثرمتقابلی با پروتئین­های پیشبینی شده دیگر داشت. بنابراین، می­توان پیشنهاد کرد که Rheb احتمالاً در سلول­های بز نقش بازی می­کند و این نقش باید در پژوهش­های آینده مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Major Udder Morphology Traits and Their Relationship with Milk Production in Tunisian Local Goats
A. Ahlem M.J. Carabaño L. Aicha A. Mouldi B.S. Farah N. Sghaier -
Open Access Article
229 - ارتباط چندشکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) g.281G > A ژن CAST با کیفیت گوشت بز بوئرکا
ا. آنتنیوس س.پ. گینتینگ س. الایزر ا. تاریگان س. سلهودین آی.گ.س. بودیساتریا آ.پ.ز.ن.ل. ساری د.ن.ه. هاریونو د. ماهارانیژن کالپاستاتین به عنوان یک ژن کاندید برای کیفیت گوشت در گاو، گوسفند و مرغ شناخته شده است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی چندشکلیهای ژن CAST و ارتباط آن با صفات گوشت در بز بوئرکا بود. دادههای PH، از دست دادن پخت (CL)، نیروی برشی Warner-Bratzler (WBSF)، ظرفیت نگهداری آب (WHC Moreژن کالپاستاتین به عنوان یک ژن کاندید برای کیفیت گوشت در گاو، گوسفند و مرغ شناخته شده است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی چندشکلیهای ژن CAST و ارتباط آن با صفات گوشت در بز بوئرکا بود. دادههای PH، از دست دادن پخت (CL)، نیروی برشی Warner-Bratzler (WBSF)، ظرفیت نگهداری آب (WHC)، کلسترول، آب، خاکستر، چربی، و محتوای پروتئینی رکورد برداری شدند. توالییابی 21 نمونه، پنج چندشکلی تکنوکلئوتیدی در اینترون 12 ژن CAST در بز بوئرکا، به نامهای g.146C > A، g.224A > G، g.281G > A، g.737C > T و g.431G > A نشان داد. تنها چندشکلی تک­نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) g.281G > A برای تعیین ژنوتیپ استفاده شد. فراوانی ژنوتیپی و آللی براساس g.281G > A نشان دهنده 14.29 درصد (ژنوتیپ GG) و 85.71 درصد (ژنوتیپ GA) همراه با 57 درصد آلل G و 43 درصد آلل A بود. آزمون کای-اسکوئر انحراف از تعادل هاردی-واینبرگ (HWE) (05/0P<) در بز بوئرکا را نشان داد. چندشکلی g.281G > A نشان دهنده دارا بودن اثر معنیدار بر CL بود. حیوانات با ژنوتیپ GA درصد CL کمتری در مقایسه با حیوانات GG داشتند. در نتیجهگیری، SNP انتخاب شده میتواند برای شناسایی گوشت دارای CL پایین در بز بوئرکا استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The Influences of Adding Polyethylene Glycol and Activated Sodium Bentonite on the Performance, Blood Parameters, and Muscle Mineral Content of Saanen Goats Fed Pistachio Byproducts
M. Kordi A.A. Naserian F. Samadian -
Open Access Article
231 - Osmotic Tolerance and Freezability of Beetal Goat Sperm during Breeding and Non-Breeding Seasons
M. Akhtar E. Ahmad Z. Naseer M.S. Akhtar T. Ahmad T. Hussain M.T. Khan -
Open Access Article
232 - Physical Form of Concentrate for Lactating Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats: Feed Intake and Sorting, Milk Production, and Blood Metabolites
M.H. Khabbazan H. Amanlou D. Zahmatkesh E. Mahjoubi A. Nikkhah -
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233 - Effect of Polyherbal Formulations on Blood Haematological Constituents and Immunity in Non-DescriptGoats
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234 - Quality Characteristics of Chevon Sausage Obtained from Goats Fed a 50% Inclusion Level of Melon (Colocynthis citrillus) Husk and Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Oil Slurry
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235 - شبیهسازی دینامیک گذشته و ارزیابی وضعیت موجود جمعیت بز مرخز در زیستگاه اصلی آن
ح.ر. بهمنی م. طهمورثپور ا. اسلمی نژاد م. وطن خواه ا. رشیدیبه منظور جمعآوری اطلاعات جامعی از جمعیت بز مرخز و شبیهسازی دینامیک گذشته جمعیت در زیستگاه اصلی آن، این تحقیق انجام شد. اطلاعات سرشماری جمعیت و فراسنجههای مورد نیاز برای مدل شبیهسازی از منابع منتشر شده یا در زیستگاه بز مرخز در طی سه سال از سال 1389 تا 1391 جمعآوری ش Moreبه منظور جمعآوری اطلاعات جامعی از جمعیت بز مرخز و شبیهسازی دینامیک گذشته جمعیت در زیستگاه اصلی آن، این تحقیق انجام شد. اطلاعات سرشماری جمعیت و فراسنجههای مورد نیاز برای مدل شبیهسازی از منابع منتشر شده یا در زیستگاه بز مرخز در طی سه سال از سال 1389 تا 1391 جمعآوری شدند. در این بررسی، دینامیک گذشته و کاهش مورد انتظار در تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل حیاتی جمعیت (PVA) و با استفاده از نسخه دهم نرم افزار Vortex شبیهسازی شدند. اندازه جمعیت و مولدین بز مرخز یک روند رو به کاهش را در زیستگاه جمعیت نشان دادند. تعداد مولدهای ماده، مولدهای نر و کل جمعیت در آخرین سال بررسی به ترتیب 917، 55 و 1669 رأس بودند. نرخ همخونی محاسبه شده و شبیهسازی شده به ترتیب 4/2 و 9/3 درصد بودند. اندازه مؤثر شبیهسازی شده جمعیت (128) نیز نزدیک به اندازه بحرانی 100 بود. بعلاوه، احتمال انقراض، نرخ رشد تصادفی، کاهش در تنوع ژنتیکی و ضریب همخونی از 16 سال پیش تا سال 1391 با تجزیه و تحلیل حیاتی جمعیت به ترتیب، 0 درصد، 1624/0-، 5 درصد و 0311/0 شبیهسازی شدند. روش تجزیه و تحلیل حیاتی جمعیت با در نظر گرفتن مقادیر و احتمالات معتبری از فراسنجههای زیستی و تهدیدات موجود، به درستی دینامیک گذشته جمعیت را شبیهسازی کرد. بر اساس یافتههای این تحقیق، توصیه میشود: 1) با استفاده از فراسنجههای محیطی و جمعیتی بدست آمده، احتمال بقاء جمعیت در آینده و مقدار مورد انتظار کاهش در تنوع ژنتیکی برآورد گردند. 2) سناریوهای مختلف مدیریتی به منظور تهیه برنامه حفاظتی برای این نژاد شبیهسازی شوند. Manuscript profile -
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236 - Cryopreservation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells of Native Goat of Iran
M. Mohebbi G. Moghaddam B. Qasemi-Panahi H. Daghigh Kia S.A. Rafat G. Hamidian -
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237 - Multivariate Analysis of Morphological Traits of Local Goats in Central Java, Indonesia
E. Kurnianto S. Sutopo E. Purbowati E.T. Setiatin D. Samsudewa T. Permatasari -
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238 - ارزیابی ملکولی ژن میوستاتین در چهار نژاد بومی بز ایران هیچ رابطه و پیوستگی را با نرخ دوقلوزایی نشان نداد
ع. عبدالمحمدی ک. خانی ص. فروتنی فر ع. زبرجدی ل. سیمایی م. گلیهدف این مطالعه ارزیابی ژن میوستاتین در چهار نژاد بز شامل مهابادی، مرغز، لری و بیتال با روش­های PCR-RFLP و توالی­یابی بود. یک قطعه 573 جفت بازی از ژن میوستاتین با PCR تکثیر شد. با روش توالی­یابی، یک حذف ­شدگی 5 جفت بازی (206TTTA) در ناحیه 5`UTR ژن میوستات Moreهدف این مطالعه ارزیابی ژن میوستاتین در چهار نژاد بز شامل مهابادی، مرغز، لری و بیتال با روش­های PCR-RFLP و توالی­یابی بود. یک قطعه 573 جفت بازی از ژن میوستاتین با PCR تکثیر شد. با روش توالی­یابی، یک حذف ­شدگی 5 جفت بازی (206TTTA) در ناحیه 5`UTR ژن میوستاتین شناسایی گردید. ژنوتیپ­های AA و AB در همه نژادهای فوق، ولی ژنوتیپ­های BB فقط در نژاد مهابادی یافت شدند. ژنوتیپ AA دارای بالاترین فراوانی در همه نژادها بود. از سوی دیگر، ژنوتیپ BB در نژاد مهابادی دارای کمترین فراوانی بود. در چهار نژاد بز مورد بررسی در این مطالعه، فراوانی آلل A بالاتر از آلل B بود. فراوانی آلل A در دو زیرگروه نژاد مهابادی (برای تعداد بزغاله در زایش) تفاوت معنی­داری داشت. این تفاوت در فراوانی آللی در نژادهای لری و مرغز معنی­دار نبود. همچنین آماره­های نسبت بخت (ORs) برای نرخ دوقلوزایی، تفاوت­های معنی­داری را بین ژنوتیپ­ها نشان نداد. ارزیابی ژن میوستاتین حضور دو جعبه TATA (عناصر مهم تنظیمی) در ناحیه پروموتور (موقعیت­های60-56، 32-36)، و یک جعبه E (موقعیت 42-48) را نمایان کرد. به طور کلی، نتایج ما نشان داد که چندشکلی در ناحیه 5`UTR ژن میوستاتین نمی­تواند یک فاکتور کلیدی مهم در بروز دوقلوزایی در این نژادهای بومی بز باشد. به نظر می­رسد مطالعات بیشتری در جمعیت­های دامی بزرگ جهت بررسی تأثیر ژن میوستاتین روی دوقلوزایی، با توجه بیشتر روی جهش­های دیگر ژن میوستاتین یا ژن­های دیگر، مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
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239 - Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 Fortification Improves Post Thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Goat
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240 - Breeding Objectives, Selection Criteria and Breeding Practices of Indigenous Goat Population in Ethiopia: A Review
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241 - عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و پارامترهای خونی بلدرچین ژاپنی تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی سبوس جو دوسر و پودر دانه شوید
ع. رفیعی-طاری ک. کریمی س.ع. حسینی ا. میمندی پوربه منظور بررسی اثرات سبوس جو دو سر و پودر دانه شوید بر روی عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و چربی سرم خون بلدرچین ژاپنی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 240 قطعه جوجه نر یکروزه بلدرچین در 3 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 20 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار (قفس) انجام شد. پرندگان در خلال دوره آزمایش ( Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات سبوس جو دو سر و پودر دانه شوید بر روی عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و چربی سرم خون بلدرچین ژاپنی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 240 قطعه جوجه نر یکروزه بلدرچین در 3 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 20 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار (قفس) انجام شد. پرندگان در خلال دوره آزمایش (49-22 روزگی) 3 نوع جیره غذایی شامل: 1- جیره شاهد، 2- جیره شاهد حاوی 3 درصد سبوس جو دوسر و 3- جیره شاهد حاوی 3 درصد پودر دانه شوید را دریافت کردند. از سن 4 الی 7 هفتگی افزایش وزن بدن پرندگان تیمار دریافت کننده سبوس جو دوسر به طور معنیداری بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0>P)، در حالیکه افزایش وزن بدن پرندگان تیمار پودر دانه شوید متوسط بود (05/0P>). میزان خوراک مصرفی پرندگانی که جیره حاوی پودر دانه شوید را خورده بودند، به طور معنیداری پایینتر از سایر گروهها بود (05/0>P). در خلال دوره آزمایش، ضریب تبدیل غذایی پرندگان دریافت کننده جیره غذایی حاوی 3 درصد پودر دانه شوید به طور معنیداری بهبود یافت. وزن لاشه و اجزای آن تحت تأثیر تیمارهای غذایی قرار نگرفت. میزان VLDL و تریگلیسیرید خون پرندگان هر دو تیمار دریافت کننده سبوس جو دوسر و پودر دانه شوید به طور معنیداری پایینتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). علاوه بر این، تیمار پودر دانه شوید به طور معنیداری سطح تستوسترون خون را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش داد. در طول دوره پرورش، پرندگان دریافت کننده جیره حاوی پودر دانه شوید بسیار آرام بودند که این رویداد، نکته مثبتی برای مدیریت پرورش و تغذیه به حساب میآید. در مجموع نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، اثرات مفید استفاده از پودر دانه شوید را بر روی عملکرد، بازده مصرف خوراک و رفتار بلدرچین نشان میدهد که میتواند به عنوان مکمل جایگزین محرک رشد در این پرندگان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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242 - مقایسه شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مدلهای رگرسیونی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن در بز کرکی راینی
م. خورشیدی-جلالی م.ر. محمدآبادی ع. اسمعیلیزاده ا. برازنده ُ.ا. بابنکوشبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی الگوریتم­های آموزشی و مدل­های ریاضی هستند که توانایی تقلید از مغز انسان در پردازش اطلاعات را دارند و می­توانند داده­های پیچیده و غیر خطی را مورد استفاده قرار دهند. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مدل­های رگرسیونی برای Moreشبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی الگوریتم­های آموزشی و مدل­های ریاضی هستند که توانایی تقلید از مغز انسان در پردازش اطلاعات را دارند و می­توانند داده­های پیچیده و غیر خطی را مورد استفاده قرار دهند. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و مدل­های رگرسیونی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن در بز کرکی راینی بود. داده­های 1389 بز برای وزن بدن، ارتفاع جدوگاه، طول بدن و قفسه سینه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مدل­های رگرسیونی مختلف با تمام فاکتورهای ثابت برای بیشتر حالت­های ممکن و با درجه­های مختلف محاسبه شدند و دو شبکه عصبی مصنوعی با لایه­های مخفی متفاوت، توابع آموزش و توابع انتقال گوناگون استفاده شدند. در نهایت، مدل پرسپترون چند لایه با یک لایه مخفی به همراه نرون­ها انتخاب و استفاده شد. همبستگی بین وزن بدن و اندازهگیری­هایش نشان داد که می­توان از اندازه­های بدن برای پیشبینی وزن بدن استفاده کرد و هرچه اندازه­های بیشتری استفاده شوند پیشبینی دقیق­تری انجام خواهد شد. براساس پارامترهای R2و MSE، بهترین معادله رگرسیون فیت شده برای پیشبینی وزن بدن با استفاده از اندازهگیری­های ابعاد بدن انتخاب شد. در حالیکه هر سه اندازه در مدل اثر معنیداری داشتند (0001/0P<)، ارتفاع جدوگاه بالاترین ضریب را داشت (65/0)، بنابراین می­تواند بیشترین اثر را در پیشبینی داشته باشد. مقایسه دو مدل نشان داد که هر دو مدل می­توانند به خوبی وزن بدن را، نزدیک به وزن واقعی آن پیشبینی کنند، اما توانایی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی بالاتر است (R2 برای شبکه عصبی مصنوعی 86/0 و برای مدل­های رگرسیونی 76/0) و به ورن واقعی بدن نزدیک­تر می­باشد. با این وجود، اگر اندازه­های مرتبط بیشتری رکوردبرداری شوند می­توان نتایج مطلوب­تری را با شبکه عصبی مصنوعی به دست آورد. بنابراین، از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی می­توان به جای روش­های سنتی مرسوم برای پیشبینی وزن واقعی بدن با استفاده از اندازه­های بدن استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
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243 - چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین در بز تالی و رایینی در استان کرمان
و. بهرامپور ا. محمدیدر این مطالعه چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین در بز تالی و رایینی استان کرمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ژن کالپاستاتین بر روی کیفیت و تردی گوشت تأثیر دارد. برای تعیین فراوانی ژنی و ژنوتیپی این ژن به طور تصادفی 150 بز رایینی و 150 بز تالی انتخاب گردید و کلیه نمونه خونها درون لولهه Moreدر این مطالعه چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین در بز تالی و رایینی استان کرمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ژن کالپاستاتین بر روی کیفیت و تردی گوشت تأثیر دارد. برای تعیین فراوانی ژنی و ژنوتیپی این ژن به طور تصادفی 150 بز رایینی و 150 بز تالی انتخاب گردید و کلیه نمونه خونها درون لولههای حاوی EDTA قرار گرفت و از نمونه خونها، به منظور بررسی چندشکلی ژنوتیپی در بزها با استفاده از کیت DNA استخراج شد. نمونه DNA برای انجام PCR استفاده گردید. دو الل (A, B) و سه ژنوتیپ (AA, AB, BB) در این مطالعه مشاهده شد. نتایج فراوانی ژنوتیپی برای ژن کالپاستاتین در بز تالی و راینی 52، 6/9، 4/38 و 12، 71 و 17 به ترتیب برای ژنوتیپهای AA, BB و BB تعیین شد. میزان فراوانی اللی A و B، 53/0، 47/0 و 88/0، 12/0 برای بز تالی و بز رایینی به ترتیب مشاهده گردید و همچنین نشان داده شد که روش RFLP یک روش مناسب برای بررسی چندشکلی ژن کالپاستاتین در بز میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - همبستگی بین صفات رشد و تولید در نژادهای مختلف بز
ر. خانداکر م.ک.ای. خان م.م. ممیناین مطالعه با هدف برآورد همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین اندازه­های بدنی، وزن بدن، فاصله زایش، نرخ زایش و تولید شیر در نژادهای مختلف بز صورت گرفته است. داده­ها از 95 رأس بز از سه نژاد (جاموناپوری، بنگال سیاه و آمیخته­های آنها (جاموناپوری×بنگال سیا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف برآورد همبستگی­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین اندازه­های بدنی، وزن بدن، فاصله زایش، نرخ زایش و تولید شیر در نژادهای مختلف بز صورت گرفته است. داده­ها از 95 رأس بز از سه نژاد (جاموناپوری، بنگال سیاه و آمیخته­های آنها (جاموناپوری×بنگال سیاه)) با مشاهده و اندازه­گیری مستقیم جمع­آوری گردید. میانگین وزن بدن در بزهای جاموناپوری برابر با 33/3 ± 75/34 کیلوگرم بوده که بیشتر از بنگال سیاه (332/5±54/27 کیلوگرم) است. مشاهدات حاکی از آن است که بز جاموناپوری با تولید شیر 187/0 ± 65/0 لیتر در هر روز، تولید بیشتری در مقایسه با بنگال سیاه (094/0±50/0 لیتر در هر روز) داشته و این موضوع ناشی از طول دوره شیردهی طولاتی­تر در این نژاد است. نرخ زایش و فاصله زایش در جاموناپوری به ترتیب برابر با 466/0 ± 33/1 و 19/11 ± 27/233 روز بوده، در آمیخته­ها به ترتیب برابر با 555/0 ± 475/1 و 23/17 ± 94/247 روز و در بنگال سیاه به ترتیب 75/1 و 57/16 ± 83/160 روز بوده است. برآورد وراثت­پذیری برای وزن بدن، تولید شیر و تولید شیر در طی دوره شیردهی برای همه نژادهای بز به ترتیب 29/0 تا 32/0، 25/0 تا 20/0 و 30/0 تا 32/0 بوده است. همبستگی ژنتیکی (rg) و همبستگی فنوتیپی (rp) وزن بدن با همه صفات به غیر از همبستگی ژنتیکی با تولید شیر در طی دوره شیردهی، مثبت بوده است. طول بدن همبستگی فنوتیپی مثبتی با تولید در طی دوره شیردهی داشته و همبستگی ژنتیکی منفی با تولید شیر و تولید در طی دوره شیردهی داشته است. ارتفاع بدن همبستگی فنوتیپی منفی با نرخ زایش، فاصله زایش، تولید شیر و تولید در طی دوره شیردهی داشته و همبستگی ژنتیکی مثبت تنها با فاصله زایش در همه نژادها داشته است. همبستگی­های مثبت و بالا (هم ژنتیکی و هم فنوتیپی) پیش­بینی­ کننده­های مهمی برای صفات اصلاحی هستند. بنابراین این همبستگی­ها می­توانند ابزارهای ارزشمندی در طراحی راهبردهای انتخاب یا حذف برای کارآیی بهبود یافته بزها باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Identification of Pseudohermaphrodite Polled Apparently Female Goats Based on ZFX and SRY Sex Determination
H. Abyar B. Qasemi-Panahi G. Moghaddam S.A. Rafat A. Javanmard -
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246 - Biochemical and Mineral Profile of South Eastern Algerian Desert Goats (Capra hircus)
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247 - Effects of Freely Accessed Whey on Performance and Metabolism of Growing Murciano-Granadina Goats
M. Yadegar Salehi A. Nikkhah M.H. Khabbazan B. Hajimohammadi Darabi S. Sadeghi B. Moshiri -
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248 - اثرات مکمل کردن پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculataa) و کنسانتره نجاری روی بزهای بویر از شیرگرفته شده
جی.کا. متهتهو م. لتسو اس.اس. رامابو کا. تشیرلتسوترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک و عملکرد رشدی بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی و کنسانتره تجاری مطالعه و ارزیابی شد. جیره مبتنی بر علوفه مرتع طبیعی، به عنوان جیره پایه در نظر گرفته شد. بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته شده در یک طرح کاملاً تص Moreترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک و عملکرد رشدی بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی و کنسانتره تجاری مطالعه و ارزیابی شد. جیره مبتنی بر علوفه مرتع طبیعی، به عنوان جیره پایه در نظر گرفته شد. بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته شده در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی به سه تیمار حاوی سه تکرار با 4 حیوان در هر تکرار (2 بزغاله نر و 2 بزغاله ماده) اختصاص یافتند. سن بره­ها بین 12 الی 18 ماه با وزن اولیه 5/17-38 کیلوگرم بود ( میانگین±انحراف معیار، 36/6±32/26). بزغاله­ها در یک دوره 42 روزه ازجیره­های: 1) جیره کنترل (جیره پایه بدون مکمل غذایی)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با کنسانتره تجاری و 3) جیره پایه مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی تغذیه شدند. هر یک از جیره­های مکمل شده در میزان 300 گرم در روز در 8 صبح قبل از اینکه بزها روی مرتع رهاسازی شوند در داخل آغول در اختیار بزها قرار گرفتند. بزهای گروه کنترل دارای اتلاف وزن به میزان 12/1 کیلوگرم بودند، در حالیکه بزهای تغدیه شده با جیره مکمل شده با کنسانتره تجاری و پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی به ترتیب 74/4 و 58/0 کیلوگرم افزایش وزن داشتند. پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی میتواند انرژی و پروتئین کافی به منظور حمایت از تولید در طی دوره خشک سال را تأمین کند. افزایش وزن بدست آمده در طی دوره خشک سال، به آسانی میتواند زمانیکه شرایط تغذیه بعد از اولین بارندگی طبیعی میشود، سریعاً افزایش داده شود. Manuscript profile -
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249 - Fortification of Catalase Improves Post Thaw Fertility of Goat Semen
R. Ranjan P. Singh C. Gangwar S.P. Singh D.K. Swain S.D. Kharche -
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250 - Allelic Polymorphism of Calpastatin Gene (CAST) in Khalkhali Goats: A Possible Marker for Meat Tenderness
ا. زارعیان جهرمی M. رنجبری س. خالقی‏زاده س. احراری ا. احراری م. قوی‏پیشه -
Open Access Article
251 - اثرات سطوح انرژی و پروتئین جیره مادری در اواخر آبستنی بر رشد، برخی پارامترهای خونی، سلامتی و عملکرد بزغالهها در ماه اول زندگی
ر. رحمانی فیروزی ا. تیموری یانسری ع. دیرندهاین مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح انرژی و پروتئین جیره مادری بر رشد، برخی پارامترهای خونی، سلامتی و عملکرد بزغاله­ها در ماه اول زندگی­شان انجام شد. 95 روز بعد از جفت­گیری ، 28 بز آبستن در 4 گروه تیمار قرار گرفتند و با جیره­های آزمایشی شامل 1) Moreاین مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح انرژی و پروتئین جیره مادری بر رشد، برخی پارامترهای خونی، سلامتی و عملکرد بزغاله­ها در ماه اول زندگی­شان انجام شد. 95 روز بعد از جفت­گیری ، 28 بز آبستن در 4 گروه تیمار قرار گرفتند و با جیره­های آزمایشی شامل 1) انرژی و پروتئین پایین 2) پروتئین بالا انرژی پایین 3) پروتئین پایین و انرژی بالا، و 4) پروتئین و انرژی بالا تغذیه شدند. در همه تیمارها، وزن بدن در 1 و 28 روز بعد زایش کاهش یافت. وزن تولد بزغاله­ها بین 4 گروه مشابه بود اما تیمارهای پروتئین و انرژی پایین، پروتئین پایین انرژی بالا و پروتئین و انرژی بالا از نظر عددی وزن تولد پایینتری داشتند. وزن 7، 14، 21، 28 روزگی و وزن نهایی و افزایش وزن روزانه بزغاله­ها به طور معنی­داری در تیمار پروتئین بالا نسبت به گروه­های دیگر بیشتر بود. در این آزمایش، وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه بزغاله­ها در 7، 14، 21 و 28 روزگی ودر کل آزمایش افزایش یافت. به هر حال غلظت انرژی اثر معنی­داری بر وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه بزغاله­ها نداشت. غلظت پلاسمایی تری­گلیسرید و توتال پروتئین به طور معنی­داری در گروه پروتئین و انرژی بالا و غلظت گلوکز در گروه پروتئین بالا انرژی پایین افزایش یافت. تولید شیر در پاسخ به پروتئین خام جیره افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که تغذیه مادری اثرات مثبت بر وزن و صفات بیومتریک بزغاله دارد. Manuscript profile -
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252 - کوچنشینی بخش مزرعهای گوسفند و بز در یونان
A. سیاسیو ک. گالانوپولوس آی. میتسوپولوس آ. راگکوس و. لاگاکوچنشینی یک سیستم مزرعهای فشرده توسعه یافته توسط مزرعهداران دامدار است، که گلههای­شان را بین زمین­ های پست و مرتفع، به­ منظور رویارویی با فصلی بودن علوفه قابل دسترس حرکت میدهند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی سیستم کوچنشینی گوسفند و بز در یونان و برجسته ­ک Moreکوچنشینی یک سیستم مزرعهای فشرده توسعه یافته توسط مزرعهداران دامدار است، که گلههای­شان را بین زمین­ های پست و مرتفع، به­ منظور رویارویی با فصلی بودن علوفه قابل دسترس حرکت میدهند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی سیستم کوچنشینی گوسفند و بز در یونان و برجسته ­کردن تفاوتها در جنبههای مدیریتی در میان مناطق کشور بود. روشهای آماری غیرپارامتری در یک نمونه از 551 گلهدار برای تشریح شیوههای مدیریتی بهکار گرفته شدند اگرچه مناطق به 4 گروه بر اساس شرایط آب و هوایی و جغرافیایی طبقهبندی شدند. نتایج تفاوتهایی بین گروهها، سازگاری آمیختهها و محدودیت چرا در مراتع عمدتاً توسط پرورشدهندگان گوسفند را نشان داد. پرورش بزها و در گلههای بهطور متوسط بزرگتر عمدتاً در جنوب یونان بود اگرچه گوسفندان و گلههای مخلوط، همانند گلههای کوچکتر و متوسط در مناطق شمالی کشور متداولتر بودند. از قرار معلوم، کوچنشینی در یونان این روزها ویژگی سنتی خود را حفظ کرده و به تقاضای بازار برای تولید بیشتر عادت کرده است. Manuscript profile -
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253 - تمایز ژنتیکی نژاد بومی دراا و ارتباط آن با سایر جمعیتهای بُز با استفاده از نشانگرهای ریزماهواره
ام. ایبنلبشیر ال. کلی آی. بوجنانه آ. چیخی آ. نبیچ ام. پیروجمعیت­های مختلف بُزهای مراکشی تنها بر مبنای فنوتیپشان شناخته می­شوند. هدف این مطالعه، ارزیابی تمایز ژنتیکی بُز نژاد دراا و آنالیز ساختار ژنتیکی آن و رابطه­اش با سایر جمعیت­های بومی با استفاده از 12 نشانگر ریزماهواره است. این پژوهش در جنوب و جنوب شرقی مرا Moreجمعیت­های مختلف بُزهای مراکشی تنها بر مبنای فنوتیپشان شناخته می­شوند. هدف این مطالعه، ارزیابی تمایز ژنتیکی بُز نژاد دراا و آنالیز ساختار ژنتیکی آن و رابطه­اش با سایر جمعیت­های بومی با استفاده از 12 نشانگر ریزماهواره است. این پژوهش در جنوب و جنوب شرقی مراکش روی 192 حیوان از پنج جمعیت شامل دراا، اطلس، بارکا، قازالیا و از مجموعه­ای از بزهایی که فنوتیپ­های بسیار متغیری داشته و با یکدیگر در جمعیت بز­های نامشخص دسته­بندی می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. ساختار جمعیت با استفاده از شاخص­های تنوع استاندارد، آنالیز واریانس مولکولی و تکنیک­های خوشه­بندی بیزی مرود مطالعه قرار گرفت. بیش از 4/88 درصد از واریانس کُل بین افراد توزیع شده و تنها 85/1 درصد ناشی از تفاوت­های بین جمعیت­ها بوده است. نژاد دراا پایین­ترین هتروزیگوسیتی مشاهده شده (579/0)، بالاترین ضریب همخونی (161/0) و انحراف بیشتری از تعادل هاردی-واینبرگ نشان داد. علاوه بر این، این نژاد بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی را از سایر جمعیت­ها داشته است. خوشه­بندی بیزی نشان داد که سطح بالایی از اختلاط بین جمعیت­ها وجود داشته و یک خوشه منفرد قابل شناسایی نیز در داخل نژاد دراا وجود دارد. نتایج نشان می­دهند که جمعیت­های بُز مراکشی تنوع ژنتیکی قابل ملاحظه­ای داشته ولی در عین حال ساختار ژنتیکی ضعیفی دارند. در این بین، نژاد دراا یک استثنا بوده که درجه بالاتری از تمایز و ساختاربندی جمعیتی را نشان می­دهد. Manuscript profile -
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254 - Polymorphisms in GDF9 Gene and Its Relationship with Litter Size in Five Breeds of Black Goats
G.Q. Zhu Q.I. Wang Y.G. Kang Y.Z. Lv B.Y. Cao -
Open Access Article
255 - اهداف اصلاحی و شاخص انتخاب مطلوب برای بز کرکی رایینی در سامانه مرتعی
ن. کارگر برزی ا. آیتاللهی مهرجردی م.ع. عباسیهدف از این مطالعه تعریف اهداف اصلاحی و شاخص انتخاب مناسب برای بز کرکی رایینی توسط شبیهسازی رایانه­ای بود. معیار انتخاب برای افزایش تولید شیر، گوشت و کرک در این نژاد وزن بدن بز ماده (BWD)، وزن شیر تولیدی (MW)، وزن کرک تولیدی (CW)، وزن بزغاله برای فروش (WK) و تعداد ب Moreهدف از این مطالعه تعریف اهداف اصلاحی و شاخص انتخاب مناسب برای بز کرکی رایینی توسط شبیهسازی رایانه­ای بود. معیار انتخاب برای افزایش تولید شیر، گوشت و کرک در این نژاد وزن بدن بز ماده (BWD)، وزن شیر تولیدی (MW)، وزن کرک تولیدی (CW)، وزن بزغاله برای فروش (WK) و تعداد بزغاله برای فروش به ازای هر بز ماده بودند. چهار شاخص انتخاب (I1–I4) جهت مقایسه پیشرفت ژنتیکی برای صفات موجود در شاخص انتخاب تشکیل گردید. بیشترین پیشرفت ژنتیک در شاخص انتخاب کامل (I1) با نسبت بز نر 4/0 برآورد گردید. بنابراین مناسب ترین شاخص انتخاب در این نژاد شاخص انتخاب 1 شامل صفات وزن بدن بز ماده، وزن شیر تولیدی، وزن کرک تولیدی، وزن بزغاله برای فروش و تعداد بزغاله برای فروش به ازای هر بز ماده می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - چندشکلی ژن هورمون رشد و اثر آن بر صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی بز
ف. غلامحسین زاده گوکی م.ر. محمدآبادی م. اسدی فوزیهورمون رشد بر انواع گوناگونی از پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی از قبیل شیردهی، تولید مثل، رشد و متابولیسم اثر دارد. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه تشخیص چندشکلی ژن هورمون رشد و همبستگی آن با ارزش­ های اصلاحی صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی بز کرکی راینی بود. ارزش ­های اصلاحی با استفا Moreهورمون رشد بر انواع گوناگونی از پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی از قبیل شیردهی، تولید مثل، رشد و متابولیسم اثر دارد. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه تشخیص چندشکلی ژن هورمون رشد و همبستگی آن با ارزش­ های اصلاحی صفات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی بز کرکی راینی بود. ارزش ­های اصلاحی با استفاده از رکوردهای 26731 بز کرکی راینی برآورد شدند. برای مطالعه چندشکلی ژن هورمون رشد 300 حیوان بر اساس ارزش­های اصلاحی برآورد شده برای این صفات انتخاب شدند. سپس ژنوتیپ حیوانات با استفاده از تکنیک PCR-RFLP تعیین شد. فراوانی­ های ژنوتیپی برای ژنوتیپ ­های AA، AB و BB به ترتیب 0.15، 0.85 و 0 بود. تعداد آلل ­های مشاهده شده، تعداد آلل­ های مؤثر، هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار، هتروزیگوسیتی مشاهده شده، میانگین هتروزیگوسیتی، هموزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار، هموزیگوسیتی مشاهده شده، شاخص نئی، شاخص شانون و شاخص تثبیت به ترتیب 2، 1.96، 0.49، 0.85، 0.49، 0.51، 0.15، 0.49، 0.69 و 0.74- به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین ارزش­ های اصلاحی برآورد شده برای نوع تولد، وزن کرک و وزن تولد در ژنوتیپ­ های مختلف متفاوت است، البته این تفاوت ­ها از نظر آماری معنی ­دار نبود (0.05<P). اما، برای صفات وزن کرک و نوع تولد ژنوتیپ AB ارزش اصلاحی برآورد شده بالاتری داشتند. به علت تنوع نسبتا بالای ژن هورمون رشد در بز کرکی راینی و همبستگی آن با صفات مهم اقتصادی، استفاده از ژن هورمون رشد در برنامه­ های اصلاح نژادی این نژاد می ­تواند منجر به پیشرفت ژنتیکی قابل قبولی شود و ژنوتیپ AA برای صفت وزن تولد و ژنوتیپ AB برای صفات وزن کرک و نوع تولد می ­توانند به عنوان نشانگر غیر مستقیم برای انتخاب حیوانات برتر استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - تنوع ژنتیکی ژن سیتوکروم b در سه نژاد بز بومی در جاوه مرکزی اندونزی
س. سوتوپو ا. پوربوواتی ا. کورنیانتواین پژوهش برای توضیح تنوع ژنتیکی و ارتباط فیلوژنیکی سه نژاد بز بومی در جاوه مرکزی اندونزی بر اساس توالی ژن سیتوکروم b (cyt b) انجام شد. نمونههای خون به ترتیب از 19، 15 و 12 رأس از نژادهای Kacang، Kejobong وEttawa Grade، به عنوان مواد پژوهش استفاده شدند. برهمگذاری چندگ Moreاین پژوهش برای توضیح تنوع ژنتیکی و ارتباط فیلوژنیکی سه نژاد بز بومی در جاوه مرکزی اندونزی بر اساس توالی ژن سیتوکروم b (cyt b) انجام شد. نمونههای خون به ترتیب از 19، 15 و 12 رأس از نژادهای Kacang، Kejobong وEttawa Grade، به عنوان مواد پژوهش استفاده شدند. برهمگذاری چندگانه ژن cyt b توسط مقایسه نژادهای بز تحت مطالعه و یک توالی ارائه شده در بانک ژن (کاپرا هیرکوس، شماره دسترسی AB004072) انجام شد. از 16 جایگاه متفاوت جفت بازی یافت شده، 12 جایگاه وجود دارد که میتواند به عنوان نشانگر برای تشخیص سه نژاد بز بومی در اندونزی با کاپرا هیرکوس استفاده شوند. فاصله ژنتیکی درمیان بزهای بومی در مقایسه با فاصله ژنتیکی بین بزهای بومی با توالی ژن بانک کاپرا هیرکوس کاملاً نزدیک بود. درخت فیلوژنی دو خوشه اصلی را نشان داد، که خوشه A برای کاپرا هیرکوس و خوشه B برای سه نژاد بز بومی اندونزی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - تعیین خصوصیات مولکولی نژادهای بز بومی عراق با استفاده از نشانگرهای RAPD
Y. Muhammad Salih Al-Barzinj ر. اسمات اوراماری ر. عبد الغنی ال-سنجوریکشمیر تنها توسط نژاد بز مرخز (مرز یا کردی) در ناحیه کردستان عراق تولید می­شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی تیپ­های رنگی مرخز، بز سیاه و نژادهای شامی با استفاده از نشانگرهای RAPD بود. 14 آغازگر استفاده شده و 9 نشانگر از بین آنها بر مبنای تعداد نوارها (NB) Moreکشمیر تنها توسط نژاد بز مرخز (مرز یا کردی) در ناحیه کردستان عراق تولید می­شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی تیپ­های رنگی مرخز، بز سیاه و نژادهای شامی با استفاده از نشانگرهای RAPD بود. 14 آغازگر استفاده شده و 9 نشانگر از بین آنها بر مبنای تعداد نوارها (NB) و خصوصیات چندشکلی انتخاب گردیدند. این نشانگرها 154 نوار در محدوده 100 تا 2800 جفت باز تولید کردند. در بین کل نوارها، تنها 50 نوار چند شکل تشخیص داده شدند. 13 نوار منحصر به فرد در بز مرخز شناسایی گردیده و بیشترین تعداد نوارهای منحصر به فرد نیز در آغازگر ژنگاه 7-MO2 به دست آمد. تنوع ژنی کُل نِی (تنوع ژنی تقسیم بر هتروزیگوسیتی) به طور متوسط 40/0 بود. ولی شاخص تنوع شانون برابر با 58/0 (بین 45/0 تا 69/0) بود. در درختان تبارنما سه خوشه مشاهده گردید. خوشه اول شامل نژاد بز سیاه و خوشه دوم شامل نژاد بز شامی با بز سیاه و بز مرخز قهوه­ای روشن بود. خوشه سوم نیز شامل بزهای مرخز سفید و قهوه­ای تیره گردید. تیپ­های رنگی مرخز در یک خوشه که حاوی تیپ­های سفید و قهوه­ای تیره بودند گروه­بندی گردیده و تیپ­های سیاه با قهوه­ای روشن در خوشه دیگری قرار گرفتند. این نتایج نشان می­دهند که نژاد بز مرخز قرابت بیشتری با بز شامی در مقایسه با نژاد بز سیاه دارد. Manuscript profile -
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259 - تأثیرات جاذبهای مختلف سموم بر میزان دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور سفید، تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در بزهای شیرده مهابادی
ب. پورمحمود ر. پیرمحمدی ح. خلیلوندی بهروزیارامروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین حال باصرفهترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باندکننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب&r Moreامروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین حال باصرفهترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باندکننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب‏های مختلف سموم (مایکوفیکس پلاس-بیوتوکس-بیو‏اسید) بر میزان سم دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور و اثرات آنها بر تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در شیر انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه از 20 رأس بز شیرده نژاد مهابادی با 4 تیمار آزمایشی و 5 تکرار در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. میزان تولید شیر به صورت معنیداری تحت تأثیر جاذب‏های بیوتوکس و مایکوفیکس پلاس قرار گرفت (05/0P<). جاذب‏ها نقش مثبت و معنی‏داری در کاهش سم دیازینون خوراک داشتند (05/0P<). در عین حال جاذب بیوتوکس در جیره‏های غذایی با سطوح بالای تفاله انگور بیشترین کاهش سم دیازینون را داشت. میزان سم دیازینون انتقالیافته به شیر تحت تأثیر تیمار بیوتوکس و بیو‏اسید کاهش معنی‏داری داشت (05/0P<) و کمتر از استاندارد بینالمللی باقیمانده دیازینون در شیر بود.به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات جاذب سموم در جیره‏های دارای سطوح بالای تفاله انگور مقادیر سم دیازینون را کاهش داده و علاوه بر تضمین سلامتی و افزایش کارایی تولید شیر، سبب تولید محصول سالم‏تری می‏گردد. در این تحقیق بیشترین تأثیر در کاهش دیازینون باقیمانده در شیر در جاذب بیوتوکس و بیواسید بود. Manuscript profile -
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260 - تنوع میتوکندری و ساختار فیلوژنتیکی جمعیت بز مرخز
ح.ر. سیدآبادی ک. پهلوان افشاری م. عبدالمالکیتنوع میتوکندری و ساختار فیلوژنتیکی جمعیت بز مرخز بر اساس توالی DNA میتوکندریایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز فیلوژنتیکی بر اساس توالی ناحیه HVR1 ( 968 جفت باز) و بر روی 40 رأس بز مرخز انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که جمعیت بز مرخز دارای تنوع ژنتیکی بسیار بالا ( میانگین تنو Moreتنوع میتوکندری و ساختار فیلوژنتیکی جمعیت بز مرخز بر اساس توالی DNA میتوکندریایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز فیلوژنتیکی بر اساس توالی ناحیه HVR1 ( 968 جفت باز) و بر روی 40 رأس بز مرخز انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که جمعیت بز مرخز دارای تنوع ژنتیکی بسیار بالا ( میانگین تنوع هاپلوتیپی 999/0 و تنوع نوکلئوتیدی 022/0) می­باشد. در بین 40 نمونه، 6 هاپلوتیپ مشاهده شد و بزرگترین هاپلوتیپ شامل 15 فرد بود. تمام هاپلوتیپ­ها در هاپلوگروپ C و با فاصله ژنتیکی زیاد از سایر جمعیت­های بز آسیایی قرار گرفتند که این بیانگر تنوع ژنتیکی زیاد بز مرخز می­باشد. تنوع ژنتیکی بالای مشاهده شده، در اصلاح نژاد و تعیین استراتژی­های حفاظت بز مرخز می­تواند مؤثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
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261 - توزیع آللی و ژنوتیپی در چندشکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) G.676A>G ژن گیرنده ملانوکورتین-1 (MC1R) در نژادهای بز اندونزی
د. ماهارانی اس. الیسر آ.جی.اس. بودیساتریا آ. باتوبارا د.ن.اچ. هاریونو آ.پی.ز.ن.ل. ساریژن گیرنده ملانوکورتین-1 (MC1R) در مطالعات بسیاری در مورد تغییر رنگدانه در گونههای مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس برای تعیین توزیع آللی و ژنوتیپی آن، ما ژن MC1R بز را از 78 فرد در 10 جمعیت (Gembrong، Senduro، Ettawa Grade، Boerawa، Boerka، Kosta، Samosir، Moreژن گیرنده ملانوکورتین-1 (MC1R) در مطالعات بسیاری در مورد تغییر رنگدانه در گونههای مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس برای تعیین توزیع آللی و ژنوتیپی آن، ما ژن MC1R بز را از 78 فرد در 10 جمعیت (Gembrong، Senduro، Ettawa Grade، Boerawa، Boerka، Kosta، Samosir، Muara، Boer و Kacang) توالییابی کردیم. روش توالییابی مستقسم برای تشخیص چندشکلیهای تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) بکار گرفته شد. سه SNPs (g.676A>G، g.748G>T و g.801C>G) در ژن هدف شناسایی شدند. SNP g.676A>G برای ژنوتیپ حیوانات بررسی شده توسط روش PCR-RFLP با آنزیم محدود کننده EarI استفاده شد. در تمامی جمعیتهای مطالعه شده، آلل A بیشترین فراوانی را داشت (83 درصد) و آلل G کمترین فراوانی را داشت (17 درصد). فراوانی ژنوتیپ هموزیگوس AA در بزهای Kacang بالاترین بود (90 درصد)، اگرچه که ژنوتیپ هتروزیگوس AG در بزهای Senduro و Boer تثبیت شده بود. آنالیز هتروزیگوسیتی مشاهده شده، هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار، هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار Nei’s (1973)، و شاخص شانون به ترتیب 3425/0، 2858/0، 2838/0 و 4578/0 بودند. توزیع ژن MC1R در تمامی نژادها با تعادل هاردی-واینبرگ تأیید شد (05/0<P). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Semen Characteristics and Their Relationship with Scrotal Circumference in Black Bengal Bucks
ام.ام میا ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر اس.اس. هوساین ام.او. فاروغ دی.آر. نوتر آ.اس. آپو -
Open Access Article
263 - Effect of Grape By-Products Inclusion on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Lactating Saanen Goats
M. Badiee Baghsiyah M. Bashtani S.H. Farhangfar H. Sarir -
Open Access Article
264 - Reproductive and Lactation Characteristics of West African Dwarf Goats Offered Moringa oleifera Herbage Supplement
O.T. Ojoawo J.A. Akinlade A.A. Akingbade O.A. Aderinola D.O. Okunlola -
Open Access Article
265 - علائم قابل توجه فحلی در بز کوتوله غرب آفریقا
آ. کنفاک اف. نگولا جی.پی. یومبی-مالونگا اف. تندونکنگ اچ.اف. دفانگ آر. ابا-یکا دی. توگولا ای. پامو تدونکنگبه منظور بررسی علائم فحلی در بز کوتوله غرب آفریقا، از 28 رأس بز ماده غیرآبستن جوانتر از سن 24 ماه استفاده شد. بیشتر آنها (7/94 درصد) دم خود را در زمان فحلی تکان می دادند. فراوانی ادرار کردن در حضور نرها بیشتر بود. تورم واژن در 4/68 درصد بزهای فحل مشاهده شد. مخاط سرویسکو Moreبه منظور بررسی علائم فحلی در بز کوتوله غرب آفریقا، از 28 رأس بز ماده غیرآبستن جوانتر از سن 24 ماه استفاده شد. بیشتر آنها (7/94 درصد) دم خود را در زمان فحلی تکان می دادند. فراوانی ادرار کردن در حضور نرها بیشتر بود. تورم واژن در 4/68 درصد بزهای فحل مشاهده شد. مخاط سرویسکو واژینال بهطور معنیداری در زمان فحلی زیاد و کشسان بود (05/0>P). مدت زمان فحلی 07/0 + 91/1 روز بود و با افزایش سن ماده بزها افزایش یافت. علائم فحلی در جوانترها نسبت به ماده بزهای پیر شایعتر بود. تغییرات رفتاری، تظاهر واژن و خصوصیات مخاط سرویسکو واژینال میتواند به عنوان شاخصهای تشخیص فحلی در بز کوتوله غرب آفریقا استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - صفات الیاف پشم و ویژگیهای مهم فیزیکی الیاف مو در بز لری
م. صالحی ا. لواف ط. فرهوشاین تحقیق به منظور تعیین مقدار تولید مو و ویژگی‎های الیاف بزهای مویی لری با توجه به سن و جنس آنها انجام گرفت. داده‏های آزمایش مربوط به اطلاعات بهدست آمده از 73 بز در دو گروه سنی (یکساله و بزرگتر از یکساله) و از هر دو جنس (26 بز نر و 47 بز ماده) بودند. متوسط وزن Moreاین تحقیق به منظور تعیین مقدار تولید مو و ویژگی‎های الیاف بزهای مویی لری با توجه به سن و جنس آنها انجام گرفت. داده‏های آزمایش مربوط به اطلاعات بهدست آمده از 73 بز در دو گروه سنی (یکساله و بزرگتر از یکساله) و از هر دو جنس (26 بز نر و 47 بز ماده) بودند. متوسط وزن بیده، طول تار، طول استاپل، راندمان بیده، قطر الیاف، ضریب تغییرات قطر الیاف، ضریب پارگی، مقاومت و قابلیت ارتجاعی اندازهگرفته شده بهترتیب عبارت بودند از: 7/23 ± 429 گرم، 3/0 ± 2/6 سانتی‎متر، 4/0 ± 9/8 سانتی‎متر، 6/0 ± 9/73 درصد، 8/1 ± 6/82 میکرون، 8/0 ± 3/24 درصد، 3/0 ± 6/7 کیلوگرم نیرو، 4/0 ± 2/10 گرم نیرو بر تکست و 0/1 ± 0/14 درصد. سن و جنس اثر معنی‎داری برروی وزن بیده و طول استاپل داشتند. در عین حال، طول تار، قطر الیاف و ضریب تغییرات قطر الیاف در دو گروه سنی متفاوت بود. افراد بزرگتر از یکسال الیافی با مقاومت بیشتر (6/0±3/10 گرم نیرو بر تکست) و قابلیت ارتجاعی کمتری (4/1±4/12 درصد) تولید نمودند که نتایج از نظر آماری معنی‎دار نبود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Image Process Tool an Alternative Method for Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Structure in Mohabadi Goat
S. Nazmi Karkaj A. Javanmard S. Alijani K. Hasanpur S. Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
268 - بررسی اثر سن و جنس بر ویژگیهای الیاف بز بومی ایران
ا. لوافاین تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی اثر سن و جنس بر ویژگی‎های الیاف بز بومی خراسان انجام گرفت. بزهای مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق متعلق به دو گروه سنی متفاوت (بزغاله و بز بالغ) و از هر دو جنس بودند. ویژگی‏های الیاف عبارت بودند از وزن بیده، طول الیاف، طول استاپل، قطر الیاف، ضر Moreاین تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی اثر سن و جنس بر ویژگی‎های الیاف بز بومی خراسان انجام گرفت. بزهای مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق متعلق به دو گروه سنی متفاوت (بزغاله و بز بالغ) و از هر دو جنس بودند. ویژگی‏های الیاف عبارت بودند از وزن بیده، طول الیاف، طول استاپل، قطر الیاف، ضریب تغییرات قطر الیاف، ضریب شکستگی، مقاومت، قابلیت ارتجاعی، درصد الیاف مو و درصد االیاف ظریف. نتایج نشان داد که جنس و سن اثر معنی‎داری بر وزن بیده و قطر الیاف داشتند. متوسط وزن بیده و قطر الیاف در بزهای نر و ماده بهترتیب 5/0 ± 6/214 گرم و5/4 ± 4/88 میکرون و15/4 ± 9/186گرم و 9/3 ± 5/73 میکرون و در بزغاله‏ها و بزهای بالغ بهترتیب 8/15 ± 2/196 گرم و 9/3 ± 4/73 میکرون و 8/15 ± 5/205 گرم و 5/4 ± 5/88 میکرون بهدست آمد. مقدار مقاومت الیاف مو در بزغاله‎ها کمتر از بزهای بالغ بود (9/0±0/8 به 7/0±5/10 گرم نیرو بر تکست). در بیده‎های مورد بررسی، درصد الیاف ظریف (1 الی 30 درصد با حد متوسط 2/2±1/11 درصد)، متوسط قطر الیاف 6/0 ± 4/16 میکرون و ضریب تغییرات قطر 1/1 ± 3/18 درصد بود. همبستگی بین طول الیاف و طول استاپل و مقاومت و طول استاپل بهترتیب 9/0 و 6/0 بود. در بیان کلی، با توجه به وزن نسبتأ پایین بیده، الیاف کوتاه و وجود الیاف ظریف در داخل بیده، می‎توان بزهای بومی خراسان را در گروه بزهای مویی با بیده با کیفیت متوسط طبقه‎بندی نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بعضی از صفات تولیدمثلی بزهای ماده نژاد سیاه بنگالی
ام.ام. میا ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر اس.اس. هوساین ام.او. فاروق دی.آر. نوتر M.N. Haqueموضوع این مطالعه ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای بعضی از صفات تولیدمثلی ماده بزهای سیاه بنگالی بود. پارامترهای ژنتیکی توسط رویه حداکثر درستنمایی باقیماندهها با برازش یک مدل حیوانی بدون در نظر گرفتن ژنتیک مادری و یا اثرات محیطی دایمی برآورد شد. میانگینهای ح Moreموضوع این مطالعه ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای بعضی از صفات تولیدمثلی ماده بزهای سیاه بنگالی بود. پارامترهای ژنتیکی توسط رویه حداکثر درستنمایی باقیماندهها با برازش یک مدل حیوانی بدون در نظر گرفتن ژنتیک مادری و یا اثرات محیطی دایمی برآورد شد. میانگینهای حداقل مربعات تعداد بزغاله در زمان زایش، تعداد بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری، وزن در زمان زایش، وزن در زمان از شیرگیری و طول دوره آبستنی بهترتیب 5/1، 29/1، 58/1، 37/6 کیلوگرم و 171 روز بود. اثر تعداد زایش بزهای ماده روی تعداد بزغالههای متولد شده، تعداد بزغالهها در زمان از شیرگیری، وزن در زمان زایش، و وزن در زمان از شیرگیری معنیدار بود. در مجموع، تعداد بزغاله در زمان زایش و زمان از شیرگیری و همچنین وزن بزغاله در زمان زایش و زمان از شیرگیری با افزایش تعداد زایش افزایش یافت. اثر فصل زایش روی تعداد بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری و وزن بزغاله در زمان زایش و زمان از شیرگیری معنیدار بود. برآورد توارثپذیری برای تعداد بزغاله در زمان زایش، تعداد بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری، وزن بزغاله در زمان زایش، وزن بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری و طول دوره آبستنی بهترتیب 08/0، 13/0، 1/0، 0/0 و 18/0 بود. تخمینهای پایین بدستآمده برای صفات تولیدمثلی مشخص مینماید که انتخاب بر اساس عملکردهای فردی بزهای ماده ممکن است منجر به پیشرفت ژنتیکی آهسته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Evaluation of Moringa Foliage (Moringa oleifera) as Goat Feed
ن. سولتانا ا.ر. آلیمون کا.اس. هوکیو م. بابا جی. حسین -
Open Access Article
271 - The “Male Effect” Onestrous Synchronization and Reproductive Characteristics of Female Markhoz Goat during the Breeding Season
م.م. معینی و. محمدی چپدره م. سوری -
Open Access Article
272 - Polymorphisms in Melanocortin Receptor 1 Gene in Goat Breeds: A Window for Coat Color Controling Mechanism
آ. جوانمرد ب. عارف نژاد ر. عبداللهی آرپناهی م.ح. مرادی -
Open Access Article
273 - تعیین خصوصیات ژنتیکی جمعیت بز هامرا در دو منطقه مختلف موروکو با استفاده از نشانگرهای ریزماهواره
ب. هیلال آی. بوجنانه اس. ال اوتمانی م. چنتوف م. پیرودر این مطالعه، تنوع ژنتیکی دو جمعیت مختلف نژاد بز هامرا در موروکو روی 60 نمونه مختلف (30 نمونه از منطقه بِنی­آروس و 30 نمونه از منطقه رومانی) با استفاده از 15 نشانگر ریزماهواره مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. مجموعاً 145 آلل شناسایی گردید و تعداد متوسط آلل به ازای هر جا Moreدر این مطالعه، تنوع ژنتیکی دو جمعیت مختلف نژاد بز هامرا در موروکو روی 60 نمونه مختلف (30 نمونه از منطقه بِنی­آروس و 30 نمونه از منطقه رومانی) با استفاده از 15 نشانگر ریزماهواره مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. مجموعاً 145 آلل شناسایی گردید و تعداد متوسط آلل به ازای هر جایگاه، 67/8 و 07/8 آلل به ترتیب در بزهای منطقه بِنی­آروس و منطقه رومانی بوده است. شاخص اطلاعات شانون بین 58/1 در بزهای رومانی تا 66/1 در بزهای بِنی­آروس متغیر بود. میانگین هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار و مشاهده شده کُل جایگاه­ها از 62/0 تا 72/0 در بزهای رومانی و 64/0 تا 75/0 در بزهای بِنی­آروس متغیر بود. شش نشانگر در بزهای بِنی­آروس و پنج نشانگر در بزهای رومانی انحراف معنی­دار از تعادل هاردی - واینبرگ نشان دادند. مقادیر FIS برای بزهای بِنی­آروس و رومانی به ترتیب 110/0 و 108/0 بود. مقادیر FST حاکی از وجود مقادیر اندک تمایز ژنتیکی بین دو گروه بز مزبور بوده است. فاصله ژنتیکی نِی بین دو گروه 046/0 بوده و نشان دهنده پایین بودن تمایز ژنتیکی است. آنالیز واریانس مولکولی (AMOVA) نیز موید این موضوع بوده و نشان می­دهد که 15/99 درصد از تنوع در داخل گروه­های ژنتیکی توزیع گردیده است. حضور دو خوشه (2=K) برای نشانگرهای ریزماهواره نشان دهنده سطح بالای اختلاط این دو جمعیت است. از نتایج حاصل اینطور نتیجه­گیری می­شود که هر دو گروه (بِنی­آروس و رومانی) از شباهت بالایی برخوردار بوده و می­توان آنها را متعلق به یک جمعیت تلقی نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Genetic Polymorphism Detection of the Exon 1 Region of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Alpha Gene in Iranian Mahabadi Goat Breed
س. جوزی شکالگورابی ح. مرادی شهربابک م. عباسی فیروزجائی آ. قربانی -
Open Access Article
275 - Investigation Effective Factors On Energy Depreciation Of Stepped Spillways
saeed razmara Abbas mansoriIn recent decades, stepped spillways have been a significant role in this case.. This research is based on The flow energy calculated on these edged steps and simple steps in nappe flow and skimming flow regimes. Difference in height, width and edge slopes will determin MoreIn recent decades, stepped spillways have been a significant role in this case.. This research is based on The flow energy calculated on these edged steps and simple steps in nappe flow and skimming flow regimes. Difference in height, width and edge slopes will determine the effects of each of these parameters on energy dissipation ratio And then the analysis of sixteen model with different geometries were conducted by Gambit and Fluent software for two discharges ٣/٦ lit/s (nappe flow) and ٢٥ litr/s (skimming flow) by the total of ٣٢ models. And with regard to the results achieved, the influence of the edge for nappe flow has been regarded according to Chamani and Rajaratnani equations. With regard to the results, it is suggested that the existence of the edge at the step end can be enhanced the energy dissipation ratio along the stepped chute. Of course the ratio of this effect in flow and skimming regimes are not the same and these effects are decreased by increasing of discharge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Karyological Study of Domestic Goat (Capra Hircus) to determine of G-banded karyotype of Raeini goat
Mohammadsadegh Malekpour Maryamolsadat Jananeh Leila RoushaniAbstract In order to prepare the karyotype of Raiini Goats from blood lymphocytes ,peripheral blood of 40Animals (20 male and 20 female) were taken from each breed and every genuse using heparinized Syring .Then ,all of the samples was transfered to laboratory and trea MoreAbstract In order to prepare the karyotype of Raiini Goats from blood lymphocytes ,peripheral blood of 40Animals (20 male and 20 female) were taken from each breed and every genuse using heparinized Syring .Then ,all of the samples was transfered to laboratory and treat them in cool circumstance in 4degree of centigrade in refrigerator. After from each sample 0.5 ml of whole blood was cultured in RPMI1640 medium culture and incubated at 37ºC for 72 hours. The resulting (PHA-M) was used as mitogenic agent. After 72 hours 200µl cholchicine was added to each samples in order to stop the cell division and mitose cycle in metaphase stage. Then, they treated with hypotonic solution. Proliferated lymphocytes were spread and treated with trypsin enzyme, subsequently stained by G-banding method. All samples has monitored under microscope and pictures was sent to computer. The results showed that all goats have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=60. Each karyotype consisted of 29 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The largest acrocentric chromosome was X and the smallest chromosome was Y. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The Effects of Varying Concentration of Colchicine on Chromosomal Characters in Nadjdi Goat (CapraHircus)
M.S. Malekpoor A. Bagherpour In order to study of varying effects of colchicine concentration in 3 levels (100,150 and 200µl) and time effect in 3 levels (1,2 and 3 h) on chromosomal characters between 10 blood cell cultures from Nadjdi goat breed, cytogenetic study was performe More In order to study of varying effects of colchicine concentration in 3 levels (100,150 and 200µl) and time effect in 3 levels (1,2 and 3 h) on chromosomal characters between 10 blood cell cultures from Nadjdi goat breed, cytogenetic study was performed. The samples were studied for several karyotypic characteristics, including long and short arm length, by which total length of the chromosomes, long arm to short arm and short arm to long arm ratio were calculated. Analysis of variance of mitotic data in factorial experimental design based on completely randomized design, showed highly significant differences between the studied cultures for all of the traits at α=0.01 level. Duncan test were carried out in order to classify the cultures and their chromosomes. All of the ten cultures of the breed had 30 chromosome pairs, Minimum total length of the chromosomes related to 100µl concentration and 1h time exposure and Maximum total length of the chromosome related to 200µl concentration and 2h time exposure. All of the interactions between cultures × chromosomes were non significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - fff
mohammad ali dadashi Vahid Khasheii -
Open Access Article
279 - The effect of glucose, sucrose, lactose carbon sources on the growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate
atefeh farjadmanesh seyed ahmad ataeiBackground & Objectives: Polyhydroxyalkanates are a group of polymers that are produced by many bacteria when they enter the growing phase in the presence of mineral sources. The Objective of this study is investigattion of the different culture containing carbon so MoreBackground & Objectives: Polyhydroxyalkanates are a group of polymers that are produced by many bacteria when they enter the growing phase in the presence of mineral sources. The Objective of this study is investigattion of the different culture containing carbon sources of glucose, sucrose, lactose, combination of these carbon sources, on the growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus to produce biodegradable polymers of hydroxy butyrate-valerate. Materials & Methods: In this study Alcaligenes eutrophus was identified In order to producing of hydroxybutyrate-valerate and investigation of the effect of the different carbon sources on the production. To perform experiments, in fed-batch mode, acetic acid and propionic acid combination with acetic acid as a source of volatile fatty acid was added to the culture in a stepwise manner. The culture with inoculated bacteri were transferred to incubator at 32°C, 120 rpm and retention time of 72 hours, for to incubation and polymer production. Results: The results of this study showed that the source of glucose as carbon with acetic acid produced the highest amount of hydroxybutyrate-valerate (HB= 3.4860 g/l and HV=0.7940 g/l). Also, the lowest amount of hydroxybutyrate production (HB= 2.3124 g/l) is Because of using sucrose as the carbon source and the combination of acetic acid and propionic acid. Conclusion: The results showed that Alcaligenes eutrophus used carbon source of glucose and fatty acid source of acetic acid more than other sources of carbon Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The effect of heat stress on sperm parameters and sex ratio of Y or X- bearing spermatozoa after goat semen cryopreservation
Mohsen Mesbah Mohsen Forouzanfar Shahin Eghbalsaeid Amin EdalatmaneshAbstractIntroduction : Pre-sex selection is the process by which Y or X-bearing spermatozoa are used to produce the desired sex in the offspring. X-bearing spermatozoa are believed to have a longer lifespan, and are more resistant to acidic conditions, temperature chang MoreAbstractIntroduction : Pre-sex selection is the process by which Y or X-bearing spermatozoa are used to produce the desired sex in the offspring. X-bearing spermatozoa are believed to have a longer lifespan, and are more resistant to acidic conditions, temperature changes, and even oxidative stress compared to Y-bearing. Methods : The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on sperm parameters and sex ratio of sperm containing X or Y chromosome after freezing-thawing of goat semen. The diluted semen of the heat stress group was first placed at 43 ° C for 30 minutes and then frozen-thawed as in the control group. Results : The results showed that heat stress led to a significant reduction in the overall sperm motility, viability and sperm cell membrane integrity compared to the control group. Also, in the heat stress group, the mean Y to X ratio was 94.4%, which showed a significant difference (p <001) compared to the expected Y to X ratio of 1.Conclusion : Applying heat stress to sperm in vitro can lead to a significant reduction in sperm parameters. In addition, the decrease in the number of Y-bearing spermatozoa in the survived population post thawing, may indicate that the Y-bearing spermatozoa are more sensitive and fragile compared to X-bearing spermatozoa in goat species.Keywords: Sex determination, Cryopreservation, Heat stress, Goat sperm Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Preconcentration and determination of Pb(II) using magnetic nanoparticles coated with DABCO-PDO ionic liquid with FAAS in aqueous samples
sara khodadadi elahe konoz ali niazi ali ezabadiIn this study, magnetic nanoparticles modified with DABCO-PDO ionic liquid were used to preconcentration and determination of trace amount of Pb(II) in aqueous samples using a flame atomic absorption instrument. Experimental factors affecting Pb(II) extraction and preco MoreIn this study, magnetic nanoparticles modified with DABCO-PDO ionic liquid were used to preconcentration and determination of trace amount of Pb(II) in aqueous samples using a flame atomic absorption instrument. Experimental factors affecting Pb(II) extraction and preconcentration were investigated and optimized. The calibration curve for Pb(II) was linear under the optimum condition in the concentration range of 0.8-1.6 µg l-1 with the determination coefficient of 0.9986. The concentration factor of Pb(II) was 100 with the detection limit of 0.25 µg l-1. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) for the concentration of the method were 1.8 and 2.5, respectively, with 4 successive replications in one day and between days. Lead determination was successfully applied for aqueous samples (rainwater in Tehran, tap water in Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, and mineral water). Recoveries in the ranges 90.6-97.8 was reported. Structure and morphology of the synthesized nanosorbent were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Evaluation of hot coating method to make the composite ceramic membran
شهرام قنبری پاکدهی الهام رحیمی کوروش شفیعیThe use of membrane has very specific role in the separation processes such as gas separation and dehydration of the azeotropic feed. The most important step in any membrane process is selection of the membrane material and its fabrication. The ceramic membrane has been MoreThe use of membrane has very specific role in the separation processes such as gas separation and dehydration of the azeotropic feed. The most important step in any membrane process is selection of the membrane material and its fabrication. The ceramic membrane has been more attracted due to sufficient strength, thermal, and chemical stabilities. The ceramic membrane is a composite membrane containing three layers. The first layer is a macroporous support, the second layer is a mesoporous support, and the third layer is silica with micropores which plays a key role in the separation process. Therefore, the quality and uniformity of the third layer is so important that increases directly the efficiency of the separation process. In this article, a method has been presented in which the defects of silica are reduced. In this method, known as hot-coating, the support was heated before all usual coating. Reduction in gaps or defects and increase in continuity or uniformity of the silica layer was observed from SEM analysis. On the other hand, comparing the results of gas permeability test through hot coating and usual coting revealed that the exit gas flow rate was reduced significantly in hot coating. According to reduction in thickness of the silica layer, the decrease in exit gas flux is attributed to increase in continuity and reduce in defects of the layer. So, the continuous or uniform silica layer is obtainable via hot coating through fewer coating steps than usual coating Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Study of two organic compounds containing nitro functional group as temporary protection of steel corrosion
فریبرز اتابکی مهران رادورSteel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research MoreSteel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research, two compounds N-)3-nitrophenyl( maleamic acid )NPMA( and N-)2,4-dinitrophenyl( maleamic acid )DNPMA( were synthesized and were added to temporary protective oil coating. These compounds were characterized by FT-IR. Yield of )NPMA( and )DNPMA( were obtained as 80% and 84% yield, respectively. In next stage, 300-3600 ppm of synthesized corrosion inhibitors were added to base oil and used for covering on the surfaces of mild steel samples as temporary protective coatings. The covered steel samples located in chamber constructed according to ASTM D-1748 with 100% relative humidity and their corrosion inhibition determined by optical microscope and weight loss measurements. The results showed that prepared coatings were very efficient. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations to 900 ppm, and DNPMA is better than NPMA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Synthesis, identification and improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of acrylic coatings by nanoparticles
Shokoufeh Bagheri Maryam Kalantari Somayeh Fozooni Hasan Hashemipour RafsanjaniThe polymer matrix in the organic-mineral hybrid nanocomposites is flexible and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles are responsible for high thermal stability and improved their mechanical properties. In this study, Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate copolymer (BA- MoreThe polymer matrix in the organic-mineral hybrid nanocomposites is flexible and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles are responsible for high thermal stability and improved their mechanical properties. In this study, Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate copolymer (BA-MMA) was synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization with conversion percentage of 96.15%. In order to synthesize nanocomposite, nanoparticles of silver, titanium dioxide, iron oxide (Fe3O4), unmodified silica, and modified silica with 3-(tri-methoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS) and dichloromethyl vinylsilane (DMVS) modifiers were used. Based on the results of the thermal gravimetric analysis, nanocomposite prepared from BA-MMA copolymer-containing 0.3 g of modified silica with 0.183 milliliters of chloro-methyl vinyl-silane modifier showed the highest thermal stability. Mechanicl resistance of this sample in terms of the scratch was investigated by nano-scratch instrument and the results showed that, the coating with the lower friction coefficient 0.724 and lower scratch coefficient 0.267 has high scratch resistance. Chemical structure of synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Influence of nano graphene on water absorption in polyester/vinylester blend gel coats
Zeinab Rajabtabar Morteza Ehsani Azam Ghadami Yasser Amani -
Open Access Article
286 - The Relationship between Non-Transparent Financial Reports and the Risk of Prospective Decline in Stock Price in Companies with Low Percentage of Free Float Stock
Roya Darabi Maryam RiaziTo satisfy the capital suppliers of enterprises, management people always attempt to publish information in a way that meets their requirements. As a result, it seems that the inconsistency and instability of profit will affect the risk of stock prices reduction. Transp MoreTo satisfy the capital suppliers of enterprises, management people always attempt to publish information in a way that meets their requirements. As a result, it seems that the inconsistency and instability of profit will affect the risk of stock prices reduction. Transparency of financial information has been one of the most influential variables in determining investment strategy in the financial markets. To achieve their objectives, that is, getting appropriate return from their investments, investors need transparent and coherent information on time. Nowadays, one of the points that attracts investors’ attention in selection and purchase of stocks is the amount of company’s free float stock. This study analyzes non-transparent financial reporting and its impact on stock prices of the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange by taking into account the free float shares in the period from 2007 to 2014. Overall, a group of 458 were under study, of which 118 companies listed on the Stock Exchange were selected as the statistical sample through systematic sampling. To collect the literature review, the research has been done library-based and to gather statistical data financial statements and subsidiary notes have been used. Data analysis is done in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. To analyze data and get the research results Excel and Eviews8 softwares have been utilized. This study is to test a hypothesis through logistic regression model. The results demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between non-transparent financial reporting and future stock price crash risk in companies with low free float stock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - The Impact of Information Asymmetry, Concentration of Ownership and Dividends on Floating Stock Turnover
gholamreza farsadamanollahi Amirreza KeyghobadiThe main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of information asymmetry, concentration of ownership and dividends on floating stock turnover in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In other words, this paper attempts to answer the question of whether the floatin MoreThe main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of information asymmetry, concentration of ownership and dividends on floating stock turnover in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In other words, this paper attempts to answer the question of whether the floating stock turnover is influenced by the increase and decrease of these three variables. To answer this question, a sample of each of the 143 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange was reviewed during the period from 2011 to 2017. In the present study, the Venkatesh and Chiang model designed to measure the price range of stock buying and selling has been used to measure the information asymmetry among investors. For floating stock turnover, the model used by Rahmani et al. (2010) has also been employed. According to Claessens & Associates in 2002, the largest shareholder is accepted as the focus of ownership. Research hypotheses were investigated through multiple regression models. Research findings show that with the increase of information asymmetry and dividends, the turnover of floating shares also increases, but the concentration of ownership does not affect this dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The Myth of Blood and Its Ritual Functions in the Stories of Shāhnāmeh
Hasan Heidary Mozhgān Sādeghpour MobārakehOld rituals are associated with mythology, which means that man has lived with myth from the beginning. Human beings have common concepts such as suffering, happiness, war, peace, love and other emotions that open to a common sense and bring together single people; so t MoreOld rituals are associated with mythology, which means that man has lived with myth from the beginning. Human beings have common concepts such as suffering, happiness, war, peace, love and other emotions that open to a common sense and bring together single people; so they give meaning to myths and rituals. Blood is a part of human biological existence and his/her stream of life that goes beyond the body, becomes a common concept among humans and is the source of many myths and ancient rituals in the personal and social life of mankind. The myth of blood is manifested among various nations in various forms. Among Iranian people, the myth has many faces which some of them, such as shedding blood and drinking it, are appeared in Shāhnāmeh, the national Iranian epic. By using an analytical-comparative approach and based on evidence from other cultures, the present essay attempts to study the myth of blood and its ritual functions in the stories of Shāhnāmeh. The result of the research shows that the myth has a ritual function in forms of scapegoating, repelling evil, seeking revenge, mourning and Anew life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - A Critical Review of René Girard’s Mythology Theory
Masood Algooneh JunqaniRené Girard takes a critical approach to the James George Frazer and Claude Lévi-Strauss anthropological views. He belongs to the Freudian psychoanalytic school and the late French psychoanalysis. Girard has proposed a view about history and culture that i MoreRené Girard takes a critical approach to the James George Frazer and Claude Lévi-Strauss anthropological views. He belongs to the Freudian psychoanalytic school and the late French psychoanalysis. Girard has proposed a view about history and culture that is a novel mixture of literary criticism, mythology, psychoanalysis and religious studies. He puts forward the idea that in every myth it can be found the trace of a real violence that has changed over time; he turns to a Euhemeristic mythological point of view which holds that objective historical violence is a constitutive component of rituals and myths of different tribes. By reading texts, he identifies symbolic signs that indicate to mimetic desire in human’s ontological and psychological structure as well as victimary process and scapegoat mechanism in the cultural foundations of different ethnic groups. Accordingly, the present article attempts to consider the origins of Girard's ideas and his arguments by using analytical-critical method. The author of the paper puts an emphasis on Girard's irrationalist points of view and criticizes his anti-Cartesian views about the "subject". Also, what he proposes as the foundation of human culture follows a blind and wild unconsciousness which is based on denial of self-conscious position of desire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The Ritual of Scapegoating in Hadiqat al Haqiqa of Sanāī; A Mythological Analysis
zahra baratieh Qorbānali Ebrāhimi Mehrdād ChatrāeeScapegoating is one of the religious-mythical rituals, having been long common among different tribes and nations for various purposes. Many of the mythological and ancient traditions have suggested different ways of scapegoating to stay away from disaster or to abolish MoreScapegoating is one of the religious-mythical rituals, having been long common among different tribes and nations for various purposes. Many of the mythological and ancient traditions have suggested different ways of scapegoating to stay away from disaster or to abolish it. In classic Persian literature, Sanāī has been named as one of the first innovators who spread the mystical and philosophical and didactic teachings. As evidenced by the great number poems of Hadiqat al Haqiqa, Sanāī is very familiar with the myths and has well made use of the popular culture of his day. By employing descriptive-analytical and library methods, in the present study, we attempt to show that Sanāī took into consideration various forms of scapegoating - including sacrificing, writing amulet, burning peganum harmala (esfand) - in Hadiqat al Haqiqa. To clarify the matter, after analyzing the doctrine of scapegoating and the related rituals, we examine the cases found in Hadiqat al Haqiqa. The findings of the research indicate that Sanāī has been fully familiar with the rituals of scapegoating and used them in the most artistic way possible in Masnavi of Hadiqat al Haqiqa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Removing Pain: The Reflection of a Mythological Ritual in the Mystical Texts of Naqshbandiyah
Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini MoaekherOne of the thaumaturgical powers that can be found in Sufi texts is healing, which has manifested itself in different ways. It seems that "removing pain" is a remnant of a mythological ritual that mythologists have referred to it as “apotropaic magic” or sca MoreOne of the thaumaturgical powers that can be found in Sufi texts is healing, which has manifested itself in different ways. It seems that "removing pain" is a remnant of a mythological ritual that mythologists have referred to it as “apotropaic magic” or scapegoating. The mythological scapegoats were mainly aimed at driving away disease, effects of sin, calamity, famine and drought, and, in general, any evil. One of the uses of these scapegoatings was to drive the disease out of the patient. Accordingly, the scapegoat transmits the disease to himself/herself and thus heals the sick person. In some Sufi texts, this form of healing is seen as a miracle performed by a mystic. By using analytical-descriptive method, the present research examines the miracle of "removing pain" in the mystical texts of Naqshbandiyah and compares it with mythological rituals, and then some examples of the ritual are introduced. The results indicate that the texts of the Naqshbandiyah are more influenced by this mythological belief than other Sufi texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Identification and characterization of the virulence genes in Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from sheep and goat milk in Shahrekord
Seyed Mohammad Alavi Ebrahim Rahimi Elaheh TajbakhshYersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative intestinal pathogen that is transmitted to humans through water and food. Milk is one of the main sources of the infection transmission to humans and its contamination with bacteria such as Y. enterocolitica can cause serious d MoreYersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative intestinal pathogen that is transmitted to humans through water and food. Milk is one of the main sources of the infection transmission to humans and its contamination with bacteria such as Y. enterocolitica can cause serious damages. The present study aimed to isolate Y. enterocolitica and its virulence genes from small ruminant milk in Shahrekord, Iran using microbial culture and PCR method. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 100 raw milk samples were collected randomly from different parts of Shahrekord, and cultured on a CIN agar medium. In order to detect Y. enterocolitica O:3 serotype and toinvestigate the presence of virulence genes, positive- culture samples were further assessed by PCR method using specific primers. According to the results, 9% of total sheep and goat milk samples were positive after microbial culture. Notably, all positive samples were sheep milk samples. Five percent of the positive samples were confirmed as O:3-positive serotypes using PCR method. The ail gene was found in four isolates, the yadA gene was reported in three isolates, and the virF and ystA genes were identified in two isolates. Isolation of Y. enterocolitica from raw milk was indicated high risks of yersiniosis associated with raw sheep milk. Based on our results, sheep's milk can be considered as a potential cause of human infection to Y. enterocolitica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Isolating tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria from wheat and oat soil in Marvdasht
Fatemeh Naseri Nima Bahador Majid Baser Mehdi KargarBackground & Objectives: Many soil microorganisms are ale to solve unavailable phosphorus through metabolic activity and secretion of organic acids. This study was aimed to isolate tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria from wheat and barley farms in Marv MoreBackground & Objectives: Many soil microorganisms are ale to solve unavailable phosphorus through metabolic activity and secretion of organic acids. This study was aimed to isolate tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria from wheat and barley farms in Marvdasht Plain. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 barley and 50 wheat farms in Marvdasht Plain. The soil samples were enriched in NRIP media containing 10 percent tricalcium phosphate. The tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria which produced halos on media were determined through biochemical tests, PCR and sequencing techniques. The activity of two active bacteria isolated from wheat and barley farms were analysed by HPLC method in order to investigate the production of secreted organic acids. Results: Overall 9 (18%) and 6 (12%) of the tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the wheat and barley farms located at Marvdasht, respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that the microorganisms isolated from barely and wheats farms produce 4 and 3 respectively, different low molecular weight acids. Conclusion: Since most of the tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the barely farms, these bacteria can be found in the soils in which less Phosphorus fertilizers were used. Screening of these bacteria in different farms and their identification can be useful in the production of biologic fertilizers and growth of plants in that area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Rapid and simultaneous identity of virulence factors and capsular typing of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and goats by Multiplex PCR
Samaneh Danesh Lari Yahya Tahamtan Masoumeh Hayati Mohammad KargarBackground and objective: Pasteurella multocida exist commensally in respiratory track of a variety of wild and domestic animals. Serotypes A and D are responsible for pneumonia in goats and sheep, and Fimbriae, adhesions, capsule, toxin, iron uptake factor and outer me MoreBackground and objective: Pasteurella multocida exist commensally in respiratory track of a variety of wild and domestic animals. Serotypes A and D are responsible for pneumonia in goats and sheep, and Fimbriae, adhesions, capsule, toxin, iron uptake factor and outer membrane protein are its important virulence factors. The aim of this study was to design a multiplex PCR for fast and simultaneous detection of more important virulence factors of P. multocida isolated from sheep and goats as well as their capsular typing and identification. Materials and Methods: Totally 500 nasal swabs were collected from the goats and sheeps suspected to respiratory signs of pasteurellasis. After isolation abd detection of P. multosida by biochemical examination, the bacteria were assayed by specific primers for identification of major important virulence factors and their capsular typing. Result: Capsular typing of the isolates by PCR showed two capsular types A, D with 83.8% and 6.4% prevalence, respectively. The results also showed that 23 (74.19%), 21 (67.74%), 21(67.74%) and 24(77.4%) of the isolates were positive for presence of toxA, hgbA, ptfA and ompH genes, respectively. Conclusion: The most isolated P. multocida from goat and sheep were toxigenic, and capsular type A was the most common isolates in the Fars province. The remarkable high prevalence of toxA and ompH among the afflicted sheep and goats may imply to important role of these genes in epidemiology and virulence of P. multocida. Furthermore the high prevalence of P. multocida typeA harbor toxA gene can be attributed to its important role in the respiratory infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Probing the structure of Quranic oaths verses and the challenges of its translation:( Balad Surah as a target in translations of Ayati, Fuladvand, Elahi Ghomshei, Almizan Tafsir, Majmaa Albayan Tafsir, Nemuneh Altafsir and Noor Tafsir)
Farhad DivsalarThe Holy Qur'an has different dimensions and a delicate appearance and deep inner. Among these high meaningsand deep concepts are its oaths. Oaths confer a large part of the Quranic verses, and especially the small Mecca’s Surahs. The oaths are composed of indiss MoreThe Holy Qur'an has different dimensions and a delicate appearance and deep inner. Among these high meaningsand deep concepts are its oaths. Oaths confer a large part of the Quranic verses, and especially the small Mecca’s Surahs. The oaths are composed of indissoluble components, as well as Swear (Moghsem Beh) it and Sworn (Moghsem lah), which have no meaning without each other. In the present Descriptive-analytical study, we have investigated the relation between the structures of oath sentence. Also, the challenges in various translations of these sentences- the Balad Surah as a target- in view points of different translators and commentators were studied. It is notable that from the syntax scientists viewpoint, oath is considered as what makes the sentence emphasizing; Therefore, it is one way to emphasize usual statements and has no way except having an answer stating oath's objective. Since the Qur'an's oaths are the ultimate means for the tendency of human thoughts to research in the depths of various issues and creatures of the world in order to open up the science doors in to the human community.Then, it is necessary to notice into relationship between the various components of the structure of the oath sentences by commentators and translators in the translations of the Holy Quran. The results of this study on the various translations of the Holy Quran indicate that unfortunately the above mentionedtranslations and the other could not consider the exact relationship between different components of oath structure especially in Balad Surah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Nitrogen Metabolism, Digestibility and Blood Profile of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Dietary Levels of Cajanus cajan as Supplement to Cassava Peels
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso Fajemisin Adebowale Noah Alokan Julius Adebayo -
Open Access Article
297 - Potential of Oat (Avena sativa), Vetch (Vicia villosa) and their Mixtures as Fodder in the Ethiopian Highland
Alemayehu Jambo Kassa S. Retta Habtamu Didena -
Open Access Article
298 - Diet Selection by Sheep and Goats on Upland Rangelands (North Alborz) Case Study: Javaherdeh Rangeland of Ramsar
Diana Askarizadeh Gholam Ali Heshmati -
Open Access Article
299 - The Study of Preference Values of Forage Species and Grazing Behavior of Tali Goat in Chabahar Rangelands of Iran
Parvaneh Ashouri Sanjabi Mohammad Fayaz Niloufar Zare Ahmad Gharanjik Hassan Yeganeh Shahram Afrougheh -
Open Access Article
300 - The Relationship between Amount of Free Floating Stock and Equity Risk
Aziz Gord Hamid Sayeed Jarahi Sedigheh Kamran RadThe purpose of this study is testing the impact of the amount of free floating stock on the rate of equity risk on the Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In the other words, we check that the amount of Free Floating Stock, how effect on Equity Risk. To perform this study, MoreThe purpose of this study is testing the impact of the amount of free floating stock on the rate of equity risk on the Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In the other words, we check that the amount of Free Floating Stock, how effect on Equity Risk. To perform this study, a typical group including fifty top companies were ed in 1387. The seasonal data including ten periods of three months and time length 1385 to 1387 was obtain and examined. In this research, the rate of free floating rate as independent and Equity Risk as dependent variable was considered. This research with descriptive and collective methods was performed by putting the assumption into test and data disseminations of the research purpose, parametric test, and collective non parametric and regression analysis have been used in regard to decision making and research assumptions based on probabilities theories research ambiguities have been removed. Research results indicate reverse and meaningful relationship between the amount of Free Floating stock and Equity Risk during the period of research has been performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The Relationship of Free Float, Stock Returns, Liquidity and Corporate Value
Abdorreza Asadi Hoda ImantalabThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between free float stock and return, liquidity and the value of listed companies in Tehran stock exchange. For analyses data collected from 134 listed companies over seven years of 2010 to 2016 has been used i MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between free float stock and return, liquidity and the value of listed companies in Tehran stock exchange. For analyses data collected from 134 listed companies over seven years of 2010 to 2016 has been used in the study. To analyze the data and testing the hypotheses, the study has employed multiple regression models with several variables using panel data structure. The results show that based on testing the first hypothesis, the relationship between free float and stock return is significantly positive. Moreover, based on the second hypothesis, whereas the effect of current ratio is insignificant but the significance of the total model is accepted and the relationship between free float and stock liquidity is significantly positive. In the third hypothesis the total regression model is also significant, so there is a positive and significant relationship between free float with companies value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - The relationship between different levels of management ownership, free floatation, stock return volatility and age of the company with stock prices synchronization
Zabihallah Khani masuom abadi Hossein Rajabdorri sara motamedThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between different levels of management ownership (high, medium and low), free floatation, volatility of stock returns and age of the company with the synchronization of stock prices in companies admitted to t MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between different levels of management ownership (high, medium and low), free floatation, volatility of stock returns and age of the company with the synchronization of stock prices in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, variables of size and financial leverage are also considered as the control variable. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and its period is from 2012 to 2016, and the sample is composed of 89 companies. To test the hypothesis of the research, multivariate regression was used in Eviews software. The results of the research hypothesis test show that the relationship between managerial ownership and price synchronization as high management (negative and significant), middle management ownership (negative and significant), free-floating shares (negative and significant), age (Positive and significant), volatility of stock returns (positive and significant) and financial leverage (positive and significant). As a result, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - The Effect of narrow left herbicides and dual herbicides combined with silice treatments on Sisymbrium irio (avena) weed control in wheat.
narges sadat rasouly fard hamid reza miri ali reza bagherito evaluate the different levels of silicon with the selective of wheat herbicides on control of wild oat, yield and yield components of wheat, was conducted a factorial experiment base on completed block randomized design with three replications in the city Eghlid in c Moreto evaluate the different levels of silicon with the selective of wheat herbicides on control of wild oat, yield and yield components of wheat, was conducted a factorial experiment base on completed block randomized design with three replications in the city Eghlid in crop year 1393.The first factor consisted of seven treatments herbicide application topic , Puma super, Atlantiha, Aperous, Suffix , weedy and weed control, and the second factor has two levels of silicon (application and non-application). The results of dry weight wild oats showed that in terms of silicon utilization increased and were significantly different than the non-application of silicon. The height of dry weight wild oats was related to topic and pumasuper herbicides that in control wild oats weren’t succeeded. Herbicides Atlantis and Suffix herbicides had the height control of wild oats. The results of yield and components yield also showed that the use of silicon in herbicides Topic and Puma super were lead to reduction characteristics. In the case of herbicides Atlantis and Pumasuper in terms of the non-application of silica reduction yield and components yields were observed due to phytotoxicity the effects of herbicides on wheat plants. Silicon is used in treatments of herbicides Aperous and atlantis grain yield were significantly increased. The results showed that the silicon leads to reduce the phytotoxicity of herbicides aperous and Atlantis in weather condition Eghlid. Keywords: wild oats, dry weight, grain yield, phytotoxicity, Atlantis, Aperou Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - The evaluation of efficiency selective herbicide and time of application on weed control wild oat (Avena ludoviciana L) in wheat fields
Kh. Taheri H.R. Ebrahimi A. JafariIn order to evaluate selective herbicides at different times on wild oat control in wheat field, a factorial experiment in terms of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted at Marvdasht, Fars during planting seasons in 2011-12. Four s MoreIn order to evaluate selective herbicides at different times on wild oat control in wheat field, a factorial experiment in terms of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted at Marvdasht, Fars during planting seasons in 2011-12. Four selective and common herbicides (Atlantis OD (mesosulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium), Total (metsulfuron methyl and sulfosulfuron), Topic (Clodinafop propargyl( and Puma Super (Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) and four application times (6-8 leaf stage of wheat, early tillering, mid-tillering and early jointing stage) were considered as the first and second factors, respectively. Results showed that there was significant difference between the times of application and selective herbicides to control wild oat weeds (p > 0.05). The results of mean comparison in relation to the application times revealed that the highest and the lowest control levels of wild oat weed were in the stages of mid-tillering and early jointing, respectively. The findings in relation to the selective herbicides also showed that the highest dry weight (DW) of weeds was obtained in both of Topic and Puma Super herbicides. The lowest DW of wild oat weed was observed in both Atlantis OD and Total herbicides. The results of yield and yield components showed that the highest grain yield obtained when the herbicide was applied at mid-Tillering stage. Herbicide application at the jointing stage due to lack of proper control of weeds led to a decrease in wheat yield level. Application of Atlantis OD herbicide at 6-8 leaf stage of wheat can cause severe burning of wheat and thus may decrease its yield. In general, it is recommended that acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase family of herbicides which has a high degree of resistance to weeds not to be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Determination of Peeling Efficiency, Free Fatty Acid, Peroxide Value and Sensory Evaluation of Peeled Pistachio Kernel using Hot Water
Ahmad shakerardekani Abdolhossein Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
306 - Examination of the Effect of Methylcellulose on the Reduction of Aflatoxin Production during Pistachio Storage
Zeinab Moslehi maryam Araghi Marzie Moslehi -
Open Access Article
307 - Recognition and Determination of Contaminated Pistachios to Aflatoxin in Processing Stage
Ali tajabadipour Hossein Afshari Hossein Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
308 - The effect of gelatin coating on fatty acid and proximate composition of Otlithes ruber(Bloch & schneider,1801) during refrigerated-storage(4 ± 1 ° C)
mahboobeh hassanzadehThe protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfi MoreThe protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfishes (Otlithes ruber) were carried out during 20 days of preservation at a temperature of 4 ± 1° C. the treatments included raw, treatment of gelatin and Gelatin-free treatment, for this purpose samples were coated with a concentration of 10 % of gelatin and then they were packed inside plastic bags and stored at 4 c in the laboratory refrigerator. in the days of 0 - 5 - 10 – 15, three replicates and 3 treatments were tested and the index changes were determined by tiobarbitoric acid, peroxide, approximate analysis, fatty acids. the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in body composition influenced by gelatin and other group(P > 0.05). The results of the oxidation index showed that the oxidation rate in samples containing gelatin coating was higher than the observed sample. saturated fatty acids(SFA) were the main class of fatty acids followed by Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). In general coated slices (CS) had higher content of EPA and DHA when compared to non-coated slices (NCS). The results of the beneficial effects of gelatin as a natural and safe cover in fish meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Effects of Intercropping and Rotation on Forage Yield and Quality of Oat and Common Vetch in Jilin Province, China
YANG YONG MOHAMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN -
Open Access Article
310 - Evaluation of the Benefits of Oat-Soybean and Oat-Groundnut Intercropping in Jilin Province, China
YONG, YANG MOHAMMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN -
Open Access Article
311 - Study of the amount and type of nitrogen source on sunflower yield and yield components in Markazi province
Hamid Madani GHolam hosien Khadraee Amir hosein Shirani Rad hosein Mirahmadi Eraghi In order to investigate the quantity and source of nitrogen and nitrogen coated urea on yield and growing index in sunflower hybrid More In order to investigate the quantity and source of nitrogen and nitrogen coated urea on yield and growing index in sunflower hybrids , an experiment was conducted in research farm of Agricultural Jahad Organization in Arak during 2006. The main goal of this research was determining the suitable quantity and kind of nitrogen application to reach the maximum grain yield and oil yield of two sunflower cultivars in climatic conditions of Arak as provincial center of Markazi province. The experiments was done with different treatments of nitrogen and nitrogen coated urea each in 3 levels (25, 50, 100 kg/ha) of recorded cultivar and Liza–R–M hybrid based on factorial experiment in RCB with four replications. Some of compared characteristics were considered as, plant height, hay yield weight, head diameter, disk seed weight, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and rate of crop growing. The result of experiment showed that application of different nitrogen levels had significant difference on the rate of growing but the oil percentage had no differences. The highest grain yield was related to record cultivar with average 3.36 ton/ha and the treatment of 100 kg/ha nitrogen coated urea with average 3.96 ton/ha. The comparison of different treatments showed the highest increase in the crop growth rate in treatment of 100 kg/ha nitrogen coated urea much more than the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Investigation of the Possibility of Phytoremediating a Soil Contaminated with Anthracene
M. Ahmadi Z. T. Alipour A. Farrokhian Firuzi -
Open Access Article
313 - Determination of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in “Doogh†Samples in Post Market Surveillance in Iran 2012
B. Akbari-adergani S. Eskandari N. Bahremand -
Open Access Article
314 - Perconcentration of Mercury (II) from Natural Water by Activated Charcol -loaded Schiff’s Base 2-Propylpiperidine-1-Carbodithioate (PPCD) Phases
A. Moghimi -
Open Access Article
315 - Effects of Alginate Coating Containing Zataria multiflora Essential Oil in the Form of an Emulsion Gel and Nano-emulsion on the Chemical Quality and Sensory Properties of Rainbow Trout Fillet
Mohammad Hashemi Saba Sadat Salehi Mitra Rezaie Saeed Khanzadi Asma Afshari -
Open Access Article
316 - Growth and Micronutrient Uptake of Oat Plant (Avena sativa) in Oil Contaminated Soils as Affected by Poultry Manure and Biochar
Maryam Barati Sedigheh Shirazi -
Open Access Article
317 - Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate Preservatives and Artificial Color in Bulk Tomato Paste Samples in Qazvin, Iran
Peyman Ghajarbeygi Azam Rahimi Niaraki Ali Soltani Abkenar Razzagh Mahmoudi Fatemeh Jalilevand Ali Sadeghi Niaraki Ahad Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
318 - Investigating the morphology and nanostructure of Ni-Fe alloy coatings prepared by electrodeposition
سارا فضلی محمد ابراهیم بحرالعلومIn this study, electrodeposition method was used to prepare Ni-Fe alloy coatings in a new composition of a bath. Temperature, the concentration of saccharin and the method of agitation during electrodeposition were investigated as three different contributing factors wh MoreIn this study, electrodeposition method was used to prepare Ni-Fe alloy coatings in a new composition of a bath. Temperature, the concentration of saccharin and the method of agitation during electrodeposition were investigated as three different contributing factors which influenced the morphology, structure and the composition of the coatings. 3 hours electrodeposition was performed at 25, 45 and 75°C, with the pH of 3.8 and applying 100mA/cm2 with the existence of different amount of saccharin (1,3,5 and 10g/L) in the bath. The SEM images and X-ray diffraction pattern showed a cauliflower and nanocrystalline structure (26.65nm). Elemental analysis showed that increasing of temperature caused an increasing in the concentration of Ni in the coatings, which was attributed to the increasing of the nickel solubility, the conductivity and the efficiency and decreasing the polarization. In addition, increasing the temperature decreased the grain size and the roughness of coatings. 1g/L was determined as the optimum amount of saccharin in the bath, which decreased the grain size of coatings due to its prevention of growing rate. Further amount of saccharin increased the roughness, which was attributed to the existence of more saccharin particles in the coatings. Because of the magnetic nature of the alloy coatings, the magnetic stirrer changed the morphology and structure of Ni-Fe alloy coatings. Finally, the optimum circumstances to deposit adhesive coating with the minimum pit, internal strain and impurity was obtained with the existence of 1g/L saccharin at 25°C and mechanical agitation during plating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Applying Nanocomposite Ni-B-ZrO2 Coating By Electroless Method on Steel CK45 and Study its Tribological Properties
yaser zakery nia Reza Bazargan LariElectroless nickel boron coatings usually due to wear and corrosion resistance that is well regarded. Electroless nickel boron through the chemical reduction of nickel ions on the surface of the catalytic caused and controlled until the solution is in contact with the r MoreElectroless nickel boron coatings usually due to wear and corrosion resistance that is well regarded. Electroless nickel boron through the chemical reduction of nickel ions on the surface of the catalytic caused and controlled until the solution is in contact with the reaction continues. In this study, Ni-B-ZrO2 nano composite coating was made by adding 4 g⁄l of ZrO2 nano particles to nickel – boron electroless solution on samples of CK45 steel; Then the coated samples heat treated for one hour at 400℃. The morphology and chemical compound was examined using SEM equipped by EDX. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of coatings in 3.5 showed by adding ZrO2nano particles the corrosion resistant of coatings improves. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the coating after the heat treatment hadn't a protective effect And substrate are vulnerable to corrosion. Abrasion behavior by pin on disk test was measured at ambient temperature and Vickers hardness was measured by a micro hardness testing machine devices. The results showed that adding zirconia nanoparticles to the amount of 4g⁄l increased hardness and wear resistance of the coating. Coating composite samples of nickel - boron – zirconia without heat treatment the best results for the three parameters simultaneously high hardness, abrasion resistance and excellent corrosion resistance was good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Nickel-cobalt matrix reinforced with silicon oxide nanoparticles nanocomposte coating prepared by direct current electrochemical deposition method
سیاوش ایمانیان علی شکوه فر حامد بخشیNano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 is produced by the direct current electrochemical deposition method on the steel substrate. The analyze of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are prepared by a nickel-cobalt alloy coating MoreNano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 is produced by the direct current electrochemical deposition method on the steel substrate. The analyze of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are prepared by a nickel-cobalt alloy coatings and Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co / SiO2 that the electrochemical condition were the same in all of them and their grain size and their surface morphology were compared and analyzed. The grain size of Nano-composite coating was less than the alloy coating and surface morphology of the Nano-composite coating was finer and smoother than the alloy coating. The hardness of Nano-composite coating was more than alloy coating. If the electrolyte temperature be 50 degrees Celsius, then the Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 will have the maximum hardness. Adding surfactant to the electrolyte prevents agglomeration of nanoparticles and thus, increases the amount of particles in the coating and the micro-hardness of the Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2.The effect of SDS was more than CTAB for the produced coating and the most optimal value for the SDS concentration in the electrolyte was 0.3 grams per liter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Investigation of kinetics behavior high temperature isotherm oxidation MCrAlY coatings applied by HVOF method
Seyed sina khalifeh soltani Reza ebrahimi kahrizsangi Farid naeimiToday, in Power plant industry, especially gas turbine hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of high temperature superalloys used. These superalloys good resistance to attack and entry of hot gases and ash fines resulting from fuel combustion, as well as atmospheric co MoreToday, in Power plant industry, especially gas turbine hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of high temperature superalloys used. These superalloys good resistance to attack and entry of hot gases and ash fines resulting from fuel combustion, as well as atmospheric corrosion of the show. As a result of these superalloys used in Power plant industry, especially are considering today. The thermal spray coating on these superalloys can be hot corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation increase. In this research isothermal oxidation behavior of CoNiCrAlY coating and kinetic of growth thermally grown oxide layer (TGO) was investigated. For deposit of the CoNiCrAlY Amdry 9954 coating on superalloy nickel-base (Inconel 738) substrate used to the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) technology. These specimens coatings were oxidized at 1100°C for 5 upto 100 h in a normal electric furnace under air atmosphere. The test specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry analysis (EDS) together with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microstructural characterization showed that the growth of continuous and uniform TGO scale onto bond coat. Also, in oxidation process observed the formation of mixed oxides (as spinel) CoCo2O4 and Ni(Cr,Al)2O4 and CrO3 and Y3Al5O12 onto Al2O3 (TGO layer). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - The effect of silicon doping on the mechanical and corrosion properties of tantalum carbide coating deposited by magnetron sputtering technique
Seyyed Alireza Hosseini Minasadt Emamian Mostafa AlishahiIn this study, Ta, TaC and TaSiC coatings have been deposited by a non-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties have been investigated. XRD results revealed the presence of α-Ta and TaC0.6 ph MoreIn this study, Ta, TaC and TaSiC coatings have been deposited by a non-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties have been investigated. XRD results revealed the presence of α-Ta and TaC0.6 phase structures in the Ta and TaC coatings, respectively. However, the TaSiC coating showed a quasi-amorphous structure. Additionally, the Ta coating showed a columnar microstructure with rough topography and tensile residual stress, while the addition of carbon and silicon resulted in the compactness and smoothness and domination compressive residual stress in the TaC and TaSiC coatings. Nanoindentation results showed that the addition of carbon to the Ta coating increased the hardness by four times, however the addition of silicon to the TaC coating had an adverse effect on the hardness of the coating. The corrosion studies revealed that the coatings have a cathodic nature with respect to the ST37 substrate, making the samples susceptible to galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, the addition of carbon and silicon was found to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings by increasing the coating compactness and decreasing the density of open porosities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Investigation of adding Cr2O3 on mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior of Stellit6 coating prepared by plasma spraying on IN-738
mostafa tahari Mohammad Gavahian Mohammad Jahanbaze Mohammad NajafiIn this study, the effect of adding chromium oxide on mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior of thermal sprayed stellite 6 coating on IN-738 has been investigated. For this purpose, first the 0, 10, 20 and 30 %wt. Cr2O3 powder added to satellite6 MoreIn this study, the effect of adding chromium oxide on mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior of thermal sprayed stellite 6 coating on IN-738 has been investigated. For this purpose, first the 0, 10, 20 and 30 %wt. Cr2O3 powder added to satellite6 and plasma sprayed on the IN_738 substrate after mixing by mechanical milling. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and micro-hardness used for micro-structure, porosity and phase analysis investigation. The isothermal oxidation behavior of composite coatings at 650, 750 and 850 ° C for 50 hours were evaluated. Results shows, the stellit6 / %10wt. Cr2O3 coating has the lowest oxidation rate. On the other hand, this coating shows the higher hardness other than non-reinforcement coating. The phase analysis investigation shows that the Cr2O3 oxide layer is forms during oxidation process on the surface of coatings. Its shows the Cr2O3 reinforcement is preferred areas for chromium oxides in thermal grown oxide (TGO) during oxidation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Coating of Steel by Long Alkyd Resin Reinforced with SiC Nanoparticles to Improve its Corrosion Resistance
Hamideh Esmaeili Sanaz Naghibi Shirin KordzangenehTo improve the properties of the organic coatings ceramic nanoparticles can be applied. In the present study, inorganic-organic nanocomposite coating contains SiC nnoparticles and alkyd resin was applied on the stainless still substrates. In this regard 1, 2 and 3 wt% o MoreTo improve the properties of the organic coatings ceramic nanoparticles can be applied. In the present study, inorganic-organic nanocomposite coating contains SiC nnoparticles and alkyd resin was applied on the stainless still substrates. In this regard 1, 2 and 3 wt% of SiC nanoparticles were used to prepare the nanocomposite. In order to achieve a homogeneous mixture of nanoparticles and polymeric resin, magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic device were used. The coatings were deposited on the substrates by dipping technique. To study the morphology thickness and surface of the coatings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was investigated by polarization Tafel test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray. Corrosion test results showed a reduction of corrosion current and an increasing in the corrosion resistance of substrate with nanocomposites coating and the sample with 3 wt% nanoparticles was selected as optimum sample by reducing current density from 9/2×10-6 to 2/2×10-9. The results of adhesion test by cross-cut method showed the reduction of coating separation from 9% to 4%. The coating thickness of sample was measured about 20 μm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - An investigation of the effect of sintering condition on the strength of Ni foam produced by electroplating method
Akram Salehi Faeze Barzgar احمد مولودیMetal foams are a relatively new class of materials. They provide a high energy absorption ability, large surface to volume ratio, and a high stiffness to weight ratio because of the existence of porosity in their structure. One of the most applicable metal foams is nic MoreMetal foams are a relatively new class of materials. They provide a high energy absorption ability, large surface to volume ratio, and a high stiffness to weight ratio because of the existence of porosity in their structure. One of the most applicable metal foams is nickel foam used as catalysts, filters, and silencers in different industries. In this work, Ni foam has been prepared by electrodeposition technique on a polyurethane sponge substrate. The produced foams were sintered at 600℃ and 1000℃ in the neutral atmosphere to eliminate organic substrate and increase their ductility. EDX analysis showed that carbon atoms have diffused into Ni deposition during sintering at 600 ℃, and also the samples sintered at 1000 ℃ have oxidized. The pressure tests indicated that the samples were ductile after the sintering process. By increasing ductility, plateau strength will reduce from 4.79 MPa to 3.6 MPa and 1.65 MPa for the samples sintered at 600℃ and 1000℃, respectively. Obtained results showed that heat treatments didn’t have any effects on the densification strain, but energy absorption reduced from 1.51 MJ/cm2 to 1.21 MJ/cm2 and 0.55 MJ/cm2 for the sintered samples at 600℃ and 1000℃, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Study of the catalytic activity of nano-coating CuC2O4 on tne thermodynamic parameters of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Marjan Tahriri Mohammad Mahdavi Hossein FarrokhpourTo improve the process of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (for improving and modification propellant burning rate), the copper oxalate was coated by ammonium perchlorate through sol-gel method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis(TG/DSC MoreTo improve the process of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (for improving and modification propellant burning rate), the copper oxalate was coated by ammonium perchlorate through sol-gel method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis(TG/DSC) were used for coating analysis of the copper oxalate on ammonium perchlorate and behavior changes of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of nano copper oxide made of nano copper oxalate respectively. The results of catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate shown that the cover of copper oxalate nanoparticles has a good effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and the thermal decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate reduced from 422 ºC to 299 ºC. In addition, the thermal decomposition peaks of ammonium perchlorate (compared to thermal decomposition of pure ammonium perchlorate) were integrated. In order to evaluation of the effect of nano-catalyst on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters one of the model-free methods as Ozawa - Flynn - Wall (OFW) equation was used. As result, it was observed that nano-catalyst reduced the activation energy, the frequency factor and thermodynamic parameters in different conversion rates 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Corrosion behavior of magnetron sputtered tantalum coating
Mostafa Alishahi Farzad Mahboubi Seyed Mohammad Mousavi KhoieIn this study, tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited on Si(100) and 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural properties of Ta film were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the scanning and transmission electron MoreIn this study, tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited on Si(100) and 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural properties of Ta film were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the scanning and transmission electron microscopies as well as atomic force microscopy were used to study the cross-section and the morphology of the coating. The corrosion behavior of the bare and Ta-coated 316L SS was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the corrosion mechanisms. The results revealed that the structure of Ta coating on either Si and SS substrates is a mixture of α+β phases, while pre-deposition of a thin tantalum nitride seed layer causes to the deposition of pure α-Ta and decrease the sheet resistance from 90 µΩ.cm to 15 µΩ.cm. Microscopic evaluations shows that the Ta coating is compact, homogeneous and defect-free, exhibiting a columnar structure with a surface roughness of less than 6 nm. Furthermore, the corrosion studies show that the Ta coating perform as a physical barrier between corrosive electrolyte and substrate and, in this way, provide a protective efficiency of more than 70%. In this regard, the diffusion of corrosive electrolyte toward the substrates through open porosities was found to be the corrosion mechanism of the Ta coating and the porosity index of the coating was calculated to be about 6%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Investigation of the effect of substrate on formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coatings by thermal reactive diffusion
علی اکبر قادی حسن ثقفیان Mansour SoltaniehIn this research, the effect of substrate on the formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coating was studied by thermal reactive diffusion. The substrate of H13 steel was coated in two kinds of metal and oxide bath with molar ratio of Cr/V=3 for 14 hour at 1000˚C. C MoreIn this research, the effect of substrate on the formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coating was studied by thermal reactive diffusion. The substrate of H13 steel was coated in two kinds of metal and oxide bath with molar ratio of Cr/V=3 for 14 hour at 1000˚C. Carbide coatings including chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3), vanadium carbide (V8C7) and the complex carbide phase of Cr2VC2 were formed on H13 steel. The thickness of the carbide coating was 8.5±0.5 µm and 6.5±0.5 µm, respectively in metal bath and oxide bath. The amount of vanadium- to chromium- rich regions in the carbide coating was less than the ratio of vanadium to chromium content in the metal bath. The results of coating in the present study was compared to the results of coating in a similar condition on Ck45 steel. The type of substrate had an important role on the coating thickness and the phase distribution of vanadium- and chromium- rich regions. However, the element distribution in the coating was not affected by the kind of substrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Synthesis of Lanthanum Hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) Powder in order to plasma spary coating on the nickel superalloy as Thermal Barrier coating
mohammad mehdi khorramirad محمد رضا رحیمی پور سید محمد مهدی هادوی کوروش شیروانی جوزانیLanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid stat MoreLanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid state reaction method was investigated then it was prepared to coat by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. Scanning electron microscope with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize of the synthesized powder, granules and free standing as-sprayed LaMgAl11O19 coating. In this research first, α-Al2O3 powder was used as a raw material. The results showed that this material was not suitable for the synthesis of this compound. Therefore γ-Al2O3 powder was used. As a result of that, a single phase compound with plate-like morphology was formed and the synthesis temperature was 1330 Cº. Also α-Al2O3, LaAlO3 and MgAl2O3 compounds were formed at 850-1100 ºC that the final phase transformation was occurred due to reaction between these three compounds. From the phase analysis results, it can be concluded that the main role of γ -Al2O3 phase in structure is to reduce the synthesis temprature of MgAl2O4 spinel phase to a temperature of less than 1100 ºC. Also chemical analysis results of granules and APS coating with optimal parameters indicated the existence of single phase structure and the second phase was not found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Pulsed laser surface melting of AISI H13 steel and investigating the effect of TiC powder particle size and concentration on the morphology of MC carbides in the composite coating
محمدعلی بوترابی Ali Dadoo Shahram KheirandishIn this research, the microstructure of the pulsed laser surface melted AISI H13 tool steel was studied. Then, by laser surface alloying with TiC powder, the effect of particle size and powder concentration on superficial composite microstructure was investigated. For t MoreIn this research, the microstructure of the pulsed laser surface melted AISI H13 tool steel was studied. Then, by laser surface alloying with TiC powder, the effect of particle size and powder concentration on superficial composite microstructure was investigated. For this purpose, TiC powders with particle sizes of 1 micrometer and 45 micrometers in layers of different thicknesses were pre-placed on the surface of H13 steel and then subjected to pulsed laser operation. The results showed that in the surface melting, an intermittent cell/dendritic structure developed from the depth to the surface of the molten pool with a higher concentration of alloying elements in the boundary network. With the selected laser parameters, the cooling rate was estimated at one million K/s. In the surface alloying process, the preplaced TiC particles were completely (fine powders) or a partially (coarse powders) dissolved in the melt pool. During subsequent cooling, TiC-type MC carbides precipitated from the melt. Increasing the thickness of the preplaced layer caused the morphology of carbides to be more diverse. The size of precipitated MC carbides was reduced by decreasing the concentration of TiC powder in the melt pool and increasing the particle size of preplaced TiC powder. As the number of MC carbides increased, the cellular/dendritic structures of the steel matrix replaced by coaxial grains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - The effect of manganese (III) acetylacetonate nano coating on the mechanism of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Marjan Tahriri Mohammad Mahdavi Hossein Farrokh pourNano-sized manganese (III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) was coated on the surface of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by sol-gel method, for reducing thermal decomposition temperature of AP. Analysis of thermal gravimetry (TG) results showed that manganese (III) acetylacetonate MoreNano-sized manganese (III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) was coated on the surface of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by sol-gel method, for reducing thermal decomposition temperature of AP. Analysis of thermal gravimetry (TG) results showed that manganese (III) acetylacetonate nano-coating has been converted to manganese spinel before the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and this nano-sized manganese spinel had a good catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. In this paper, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic images (SEM) were used to prove the formation of nano-coating on the surface of ammonium perchlorate and identification nanocomposites, respectively. As well as, the catalytic effect of nano-sized manganese spinel resulted from manganese (III) acetylacetonate studied by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and thermal decomposition of nano composite Mn(acac)3/AP showed that decomposition peaks of ammonium perchlorate decreased from 422 ºC to 318 ºC and from 317 ºC to 279 ºC ,respectively. According to the reduction effect of the nano-sized coating on the decomposition peaks of AP, it has been revealed that nano-coating has a significant effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and eventually improved the performance of solid propellants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4-TiO2 composite coating elaborated by flame spraying process
امیرحسین نویدپور مهدی صالحی مهدی امیرنصر حمید رضا سلیمی جزی مهران آذرپور سیاهکلی یعقوب کلانتریAmong various techniques which have been used for degradation of chemical pollutants, advanced oxidation processes (such as photocatalytic process) have received attention due to their specific properties. In this investigation, ZnFe2O4-10wt% TiO2 composite film was ela MoreAmong various techniques which have been used for degradation of chemical pollutants, advanced oxidation processes (such as photocatalytic process) have received attention due to their specific properties. In this investigation, ZnFe2O4-10wt% TiO2 composite film was elaborated using flame spraying process. Powders of titania (TiO2: 75vol. % anatase, 25vol. % rutile) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which was synthesized by mechanical alloying process, were mixed together (weight ratio of 1:9) and deposited on stainless steel 316 substrate. In order to evaluate the structure, morphology, and photo-adsorption ability of the coating, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy were used, respectively. Photocatalytic performance of the deposited film was studied by bleaching of aquatic methylene blue solution with the concentration of 5 mg/Lit. The results showed that the composite coating, which was elaborated by flame spraying, possesses relatively good photo-adsorption ability as well as photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylene blue (under visible light irradiation). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Electrochemical study on hot corrosion behavior of aluminide diffusion coating deposited on inconel 713C superalloy
Esmaeil Taheri Mehdi VerdianIn this study, the hot corrosion resistance of diffusion aluminide coating on Inconel 713C was investigated using electrochemical techniques. In this regard, potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed at 750 °C in two kinds of molten salts. The former contain MoreIn this study, the hot corrosion resistance of diffusion aluminide coating on Inconel 713C was investigated using electrochemical techniques. In this regard, potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed at 750 °C in two kinds of molten salts. The former contained 70% sodium sulphate and 30% sodium chloride. The latter was composed of 70% sodium sulphate, 25% sodium chloride and 5% vanadium pentoxide. The phase composition and microstructure of coatings and corrosion products were investigated using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The results showed that in the presence of vanadium, the protection efficiency of coatings increased and a current-independent region was observed in anodic polarization curve. Here, a compact corrosion product layer was seen. In absence of vanadium, both coated and uncoated samples exhibited similar corrosion rates. However, in comparison to vanadium-containing environment, all samples showed lower corrosion rate. In this case, the coatings exhibited active anodic behavior. The corrosion products were porous and discontinuous in vanadium free environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Investigating the oxidation and electrical behavior of AISI 304 steel coated with cobalt for the application of solid oxide fuel cell
Mohammad Reza Ashorzadeh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi EbrahimifarOxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base MoreOxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base pack mixture. Isothermal oxidation test was used to investigate the oxidation resistance of coated and non-coated steel. Area specific resistance (ASR) was also measured as a function of oxidation time at 800 °C. Microstructure of coated and oxidized samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) device. The results showed that cobalt coated samples showed better oxidation resistance than non-coated samples. The results showed that increasing the temperature would increase the area specific resistance. The cobalt coating layer also converted to CoFe2O4, Co3O4 and CoCr2O4 spinels during the isothermal oxidation process. Cobalt spinels exhibited less ASR (27.4 mΩ cm2) compared to the uncoated sample (60.5 mΩ cm2). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The effect of parameters of pulse Electrodeposition and post annealing on properties of Cobalt-tungsten alloy coating
سمیه اباذری سیوندی سعید رستگاری شهرام خیراندیشcobalt-tungsten anano structure alloy coating was produced using pulse electrodeposition in 200 Hz pulse frequency from citrate electrolyte at 60 °C. In this study the influence of cobalt ions concentration in solution and duty cycle on crystal structure, grain size Morecobalt-tungsten anano structure alloy coating was produced using pulse electrodeposition in 200 Hz pulse frequency from citrate electrolyte at 60 °C. In this study the influence of cobalt ions concentration in solution and duty cycle on crystal structure, grain size, hardness and corrosion resistance of coating was investigated. Surface morphology and composition of coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (EDS) analysis. The crystallite size of the coatings calculated from the x-ray diffraction patterns using the Scherrer equation. Micro hardness of the coatings was assessed using a Vickers micro-indenter. Results showed that electrodeposited coating at 0.2 mol/l cobalt sulphate and 60% duty cycle with 1A/dm2had optimum coating on 758 Hv. Annealing amorphous coating was produced at current density of 4 A/dm2 in high vacuum pressure makes crystalline coating. Increasing temperature at 600°C makes a well-developed polycrystalline structure of Co3W and CowO4 in the coating. Microhardness of coating increased from 436 Hv to 1059 Hv after heat treatment at 600 °C. Heat treatment of coating improved the corrosion resistance of coating. The coating heat treated at 400 ºC had minimum corrosion rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Investigating the effect of temperature and time of fusing process on the microstructure and wear performance of plasma sprayed NiCrBSi coatings
Mohamad Hajiloo Zia ValefiIn this work, self-fluxing NiCrBSi coatings were deposited by plasma spraying. Simultaneous effect of temperature and time of the fusing heat treatment on microstructure, surface roughness and microhardness as well as wear performance of these coatings was evaluated. Fu MoreIn this work, self-fluxing NiCrBSi coatings were deposited by plasma spraying. Simultaneous effect of temperature and time of the fusing heat treatment on microstructure, surface roughness and microhardness as well as wear performance of these coatings was evaluated. Fusing process was carried out at 1000, 1050 and 1100˚C for 5, 15 and 25 min. The morphologies and microstructures of the coatings as well as the wear tracks were characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. X-Ray Diffraction was applied to determine the phase composition of coatings. Wear performance of the fused coatings was investigated by Pin-On-Disk test. In consequence of the fusing process, the thickness, porosity and surface roughness decreased, the splat boundaries were eliminated, the microhardness increased, a metallurgical bond was created between the coating and the substrate, and hard carbide and boride precipitates (CrB and Cr7C3) were formed. Exceeding the optimum parameters of the fusing caused over-fusing phenomenon and thereby, degradation of coating properties. It was found that the temperature of 1000˚C and the time of 5 min are the optimum conditions of fusing process in this study, as the lowest porosity, the highest microhardness as well as the best wear performance were obtained in coating fused at these parameters. Dominant wear mechanism in this sample was abrasive wear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - The effect of Pt on type II hot corrosion behavior of Si-aluminide coatings with lower silicon than the critical amount
Seyed Amir Azarmehr kourosh shirvani JozdaniIn this paper, the effect of adding a low amount of platinum to slurry Si-modified aluminide coatings containing silicon less than the amount required to provide complete protection in these coatings is investigated. In addition to the coatings characterization, the rol MoreIn this paper, the effect of adding a low amount of platinum to slurry Si-modified aluminide coatings containing silicon less than the amount required to provide complete protection in these coatings is investigated. In addition to the coatings characterization, the role of platinum on the type II hot corrosion behavior of coatings has been discussed. To create silicon and silicon-platinum aluminide coatings, a slurry silicoaluminzing method was applied to samples of Ni-base superalloy GTD-111 specimens, which was previously Pt-electroplated on some of them with a thickness of 2 μm. The amount of silicon in the slurry was 10% by weight relative to total solid of the slurry, so that the amount of silicon in the coating is less than the critical amount required for complete protection. The type II hot corrosion test was carried out using a furnace method with Na2SO4-60mol% V2O5 at 700 °C. After 20 hours of hot corrosion, Al2O3 protective oxide and non-protective oxide NiAl2O4 were detected in silicon-platinum- and silicon-aluminide coatings, respectively. In the absence of platinum, the Ni3V2O8 phase was also found to be a product of NiO and NiAl2O4 dissolution in type-II hot corrosion condition. At the end of the 80-hour hot corrosion, unlike the silicon-aluminide coating, silicon remained in the silicon-platinum-aluminide coating structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Microstructure and Ablation Resistance of ZrC Coating Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Solid Shielding/ Shrouded Plasma Spraying (SSPS) Methods on SiC-Coated Graphite
Akbar Eshaghi Zia Valefi Naser EhsaniIn this paper ZrC coating was prepared on SiC coated graphite as a substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solid shielding/ shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) methods. Microstructure observation and phase identification of the coatings were performed by scanning elect MoreIn this paper ZrC coating was prepared on SiC coated graphite as a substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solid shielding/ shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) methods. Microstructure observation and phase identification of the coatings were performed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The ablation behavior of the coating was evaluated under supersonic flame for 60s. The results showed that the ZrC coating enhance the ablation resistance of SiC coated graphite remarkably. The results of ablation test revealed that the linear and mass ablation rates of the ZrC coating applied by APS method were 3.7×10-3 mm.s-1 and 22×10-3 g.s-1, while those for SSPS coating were 2.2×10-3 mm.s-1 and 14×10-3 g.s-1, respectively. The excellent ablation resistance is attributed to the formation of continuous zirconia (ZrO2) layer on the surface during the oxidation of the ZrC coating. Moreover, the SPS-ZrC coated sample with lowest pores and cracks have better ablation resistance during the ablation test and can protected the graphite substrate against ablation sufficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Influence of pH of Electroplating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-P-Tio2 Composite Coating Fabricated on AISI 430 Steel
Mina Afzali Grouh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi EbrahimifarOne of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using el MoreOne of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using electrical plating technique and the effect of pH (3, 3.5 and 4) on microstructure and their wear and tear behavior were studied. In this research, nickel phosphorus-titanium oxide coating was deposited onto the AISI 430 steel using electrical plating technique and the effect of TiO2 particles concentration on microstructure and wear behavior was studied. X-ray analysis (XRD) was used to determine the available phases and calculate grain size. Characterization of the coating was performed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The michardness was measured by Vickers microhardness device. To test the abrasion resistance of the phosphorus-titanium oxide coated and uncoated samples, a pin on the disk test was used. The results of X-ray analysis showed that the increase of pH causes the increase of grain size. Also the results of microhardness and pin on disk tests showed the increase of pH causes decrease of microhardness and abrasion resistance. The highest hardness (618.18 Vickers) was related to the coating created at pH =3 and TiO2 =40 gr / L. The highest wear resistance and lowest weight loss (0.15 mg) were also observed in the same coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Investigating of High Temperature Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of YSZ/Al2O3 Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings with Alumina Made by Solution Precursor Thermal Spray
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia Valefi Naser EhsaniIn this research, a double layer thermal barrier coating was applied and then an alumina diffusion barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ by two solution precersore plasma and solution precersore flame spraying. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance te MoreIn this research, a double layer thermal barrier coating was applied and then an alumina diffusion barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ by two solution precersore plasma and solution precersore flame spraying. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance tests were done at 1100˚C. Microstructure of coatings were studied by optical Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Comparison of the microstructures of coatings showed that applying of Alumina with the solution precursor flame spray process upgrades the thermal properties. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance of YSZ/Al2O3 coatings with Alumina applied by the solution precersoure thermal spray with the same compound were studied. Findings showed that applying alumina with the solution precursor flame spray process leads to increase the amount of the deposited splats and proper contact between them, causes to decrease the diffusion of O2 and as a result TGO thickness decreases and also thermal shock resistance increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Comparison of Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of YSZ/Nanoal2o3 Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings Made By Plasma Spraying of Un-Pyrolyzed Precursor and Aglomerated Nanocrystalline Alumina Powder
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia Valefi Naser Ehsani masud mirjaniIn this research, firstly amorphous Alumina powder was produced by co-precipitation method. Then YSZ/Al2O3 coatings were applied by plasma spraying process in two types of pyrolyzed and crystalline nano-alumina. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance te MoreIn this research, firstly amorphous Alumina powder was produced by co-precipitation method. Then YSZ/Al2O3 coatings were applied by plasma spraying process in two types of pyrolyzed and crystalline nano-alumina. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance test were done at 1100˚C. Microstructure and phase analysis of coatings were studied by optical and electron microscopes and XRD method. Comparison of the microstructure of coatings showed that the use of crystalline nano-alumina powder in the YSZ/Alumina layer composite upgrades the thermal properties. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance of plasma sprayed YSZ/Al2O3 with un-pyrolysed nano-alumina and coatings with same composition with crystalline nano-alumina to created by plasma spraying were studied. Findings showed that the use of un-pyrolyzed nano-alumina powder in YSZ/Al2O3 layer composite resulted in increased porosity and shrinkage cavities in the coating, which increased the diffusion of O2 that causes the TGO growth rate. Also, high density and proper contact between the splats made of crystalline nano-alumina powder results in higher resistance of thermal cycles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Investigating the Effect of Tungsten Element on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-C-Ni Hard Coating
Adel Mosadeghian hamid nazemy Mohammadreza Khanzadeh Gharahshiran Mansor SadeghiNasbIn this paper, the effect of tungsten element on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-C-Ni hard coating was investigated. Two hard coating electrodes were made with 10 and 30 gr of tungsten powder. The microstructure of the welding metals included fine carbide MoreIn this paper, the effect of tungsten element on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-C-Ni hard coating was investigated. Two hard coating electrodes were made with 10 and 30 gr of tungsten powder. The microstructure of the welding metals included fine carbides in the area of needle martensite and residual austenite. Electron microscopy studies showed that there were very fine cracks in the weld metal martensitic phase with 10 gr of tungsten but these microscopic cracks were not found in weld metal with 30 gr of tungsten. The results of the EDS analysis showed that the amount of soluble tungsten element in the austenite phase of both welding metals is high. This amount in weld metal with 30 gr of tungsten was about 3.66% higher than the weld metal with 10 gr of tungsten. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the phases present in the weld metal with 10 gr of tungsten included martensite, austenite and W2C carbide, but in the weld metal with 30 gr of tungsten in addition to these phases also iron oxides were observed. The results of hardness test showed that the average hardness of weld metal with 10 gr of tungsten is 42.5 RC and the average hardness of welding metal with 30 gr of tungsten is 49.6 RC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Improving the Biocompatibility Performance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Bi Phasic Calcium Phosphate Gradient Coating By Plasma Spray Method
fahimeh saji iman mobasherpour liela nikzadDue to the problems of metal implants, it is observed that one of the main techniques in solving these problems is to improve the properties of implant coatings. One of the coatings that has been considered in the last decade is biphasic calcium phosphate gradient coati MoreDue to the problems of metal implants, it is observed that one of the main techniques in solving these problems is to improve the properties of implant coatings. One of the coatings that has been considered in the last decade is biphasic calcium phosphate gradient coating. Plasma spraying method was used to coating the implants and three coating layers including HAp, TCP 50%-HAp 50% and TCP were applied gradient on the titanium substrate, respectively. X-ray diffraction test was used to identify the phases. Corrosion of the applied layers was performed using body simulation solution and open circuit potential electrochemical tests were used to evaluate the corrosion of coating. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology and thickness of the layers before and after being placed in the body simulation solution. According to the results of open circuit corrosion potential test, the corrosion voltage is -0.07, -0.09 and -0.19 V for the sample with one layer of HAp coating, the sample without coating and the sample with three layers of coating HAp, TCP 50%-HAp 50% and TCP were obtained respectively. By placing the three-layer coating in SBF solution, tricalcium phosphate in the third and second layers is completely dissolved and with the presence of calcium and phosphorus ions in the form of saturated secondary hydroxyapatite is formed inside the coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Investigation of rheological properties and stability of aqueous suspensions containing YSZ ceramic nanoparticles
Reza Pourshahsavari AMIRHOSSEIN YAGHTIN Navid HosseinabadiApplication of YSZ nanoceramic in liquid phase suspension as raw material in plasma coating process leads to thermal barrier coatings with more desirable properties. The key is to achieve a stable aqueous suspension containing these ceramic nanoparticles. In this resear MoreApplication of YSZ nanoceramic in liquid phase suspension as raw material in plasma coating process leads to thermal barrier coatings with more desirable properties. The key is to achieve a stable aqueous suspension containing these ceramic nanoparticles. In this research, the rheological properties and stability of YSZ nanoparticles in aqueous medium have been investigated. The type of dispersants added to the suspension and the chemical properties of the aqueous medium were studied as influential factors in the stability of the suspension containing by 30 weight percent. In order to characterize the properties, viscosity, zeta potential, NTU and TSI factor and sedimentation rate were performed and also the aging properties of different suspensions were studied over time. The results showed that the use of alpha terpineol dispersant with a concentration of 0.1 wt% in aqueous medium with a pH of 2.5 has led to an optimal suspension with optimum viscosity and stability conditions, defined as viscosities at 1.5 cp, zeta potential at 56 mV and Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) 3680 were obtained. Microstructural study of the thermal barrier coating created by plasma spraying of the optimal suspension indicates the formation of a columnar structure that will have higher stability and strength properties in this type of coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of CoNiCrAlY Coating Sprayed by Atmospheric Plasma Spray and Nitrogen Gas Shrouded Plasma Spray Methods
Behzad Ghasemi Zia Valefi Saeid Taghi-ramezaniIn this research, the properties of the coating applied by conventional plasma spray and with inert gas shroud has been studied and compared, in the way that nozzle like part attached to plasma gun in order to protect the plasma jet by exiting nitrogen from the nozzle. MoreIn this research, the properties of the coating applied by conventional plasma spray and with inert gas shroud has been studied and compared, in the way that nozzle like part attached to plasma gun in order to protect the plasma jet by exiting nitrogen from the nozzle. The Microstructural characterization of the coatings was performed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope. Hardness of coatings is also measured by Vickers method under the applied load of 30 gram-force. Isothermal oxidation and thermal shock tests are done at 1000 and 950ºC respectively. Post-spray results show that the use of nitrogen gas shroud is useful and coating achieved by nitrogen shroud has less oxide and porosity and has more homogeneous structure. Results from isothermal oxidation show that TGO layer growth rate in the specimen sprayed by nitrogen shroud is less. Thermal shock test shows that the specimen sprayed by nitrogen shroud has more resistance against thermal shock due to layer by layer and regular growth of TGO and having less oxide and porosity in comparison with the same specimen sprayed without nitrogen shroud. Also, the microhardness of sprayed coating without nitrogen shroud was 35 Vikers more than the applied coating with nitrogen shroud. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Investigation of the Effects of HVOF Process Parameters on the Quality and Wear Properties of the Coating Tungsten Carbide on 4130 Steel
Javad Ansari Amirhossein Moghanian Morteza Saghafi YazdiPrevious studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten car MorePrevious studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten carbide. One of the methods of coating is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of the coatings and also by examining SEM images from the lateral surface of the coated sample, the thickness and quality of the coating were examined. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the formed phases before and after the coating process and the results of the presence of WC and W6C2.54 carbides were confirmed.The wear test results showed that coated samples demonstrated higher wear resistance than the sample without coating (control). Meanwhile, the sample with spraying pressure of 7.2 Bar and a feeding powder rate of 72 g/min (W2) exhibited the best wear resistance among other coatings due to the more uniform distribution of tungsten carbide (WC) and less porosity. As a result, it was obtained that the spraying pressure in the process of HVOF process was more effective than the feeding rate of coating powders and a sample with the spray pressure of 7.2 Bar and powders feeding rate of 72 g/min (W2) was introduced as the optimal sample among all coatings with the highest abrasion wear resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Comparative Study of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Oxidation Resistance of CoNiCrAlY Coating Deposited by HVOF and LPPS processes
pejman zamani moghaddam Zia ValefiIn this research, CoNiCrAlY powder was deposited by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) processes on IN738 nickel-based superalloy substrates. The high-temperature oxidation test was performed on the coatings at a temperature of 1050 ̊C MoreIn this research, CoNiCrAlY powder was deposited by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) processes on IN738 nickel-based superalloy substrates. The high-temperature oxidation test was performed on the coatings at a temperature of 1050 ̊C and a time of 200 hours in a muffle furnace. The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were investigated by SEM and XRD before and after the oxidation test. The porosity (volume percentage) and surface roughness (micrometer) were measured for HVOF coating as 0.6 and 4.4, and for LPPS coating as 2 and 6.62, respectively. The HVOF coating consisted of γ-CoNiCr and β-(Co,Ni)Al, while the LPPS coating included a single phase γ-CoNiCr. The disappearance of the β phase in the LPPS coating after spraying was due to dissolution in the plasma jet and its non-recovery in the conditions of rapid quenching and non-equilibrium solidification. This phase was recovered after heat treatment. The microstructure of the LPPS coating had much less oxide than the HVOF coating due to depositing at low oxygen pressure in the vacuum chamber. After 200 hours of oxidation test, the amount of β phase (as an oxidation resistance criterion) was completely consumed in the LPPS coating, while the HVOF coating contained the retained β deposits. The average thickness of TGO layer for HVOF and LPPS coatings was 5.2 and 7.1 μm, respectively. The dispersed oxides in the microstructure, lower roughness and denser structure of HVOF coating were reasons for the higher oxidation resistance of HVOF coating than LPPS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Thermal shock behavior of thermal barrier coatings YSZ, YSZ/mullite and gradient coating YSZ/mullite on nickel base superalloy prepared by plasma spray (APS) method
Nader Soltani iman mobasherpour Esmail Salahi Ali Sedaghat AhangaryIn this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 l MoreIn this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 low carbon nickel base superalloy along with bond coated by plasma spray method was compared.Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure and phase analysis were done. The percentage of porosity and thermal shock of coatings at 1100°C temperature was investigated and compared. The results showed that with the increase of mullite in layer and gradient on YSZ coatings, the number of holes and porosity decreases, which is due to the increase in the amount of melted mullite particles. The percentage of porosity related to layer and gradient coating of mullite was obtained as 8 and 3.5% respectively. Using the results of the thermal shock test, it was determined that the lifetime of the mullite layer coating is longer than the mullite gradient coating and the YSZ coating. The maximum lifespan of the layered coating of mullite was recorded as 70 cycles of 10 minutes in a furnace with a temperature of 1100°C. The gradient coatings of mullite showed a higher percentage of shrinkage in thermal shock than the layered mullite coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Evaluation of wear properties and radiopacity of strontium oxide-coated polyether ether ketone implant for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Mahboobeh MahmoodiOne of the most common orthopedic clinic referrals is direct and indirect traumas to the knee that lead to anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The use of titanium implants is one of the ways to treat and reconstruct the cruciate ligament, which has limitations, includin MoreOne of the most common orthopedic clinic referrals is direct and indirect traumas to the knee that lead to anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The use of titanium implants is one of the ways to treat and reconstruct the cruciate ligament, which has limitations, including the release of toxic ions such as aluminum and vanadium from the titanium alloy. In the present study, the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implant was fabricated using a CNC machine. Then the surface of the implant was coated with strontium oxide (SrO) by dip spin coating method in two temperature conditions, including ambient temperature and 70 ℃ to produce a radiopaque polymer. After coating, the wear and surface properties of the implant were evaluated. The surface morphology, microstructure, and distribution of elements on the implant surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy(EDS), and MAP analysis, respectively. The radiographic images indicated the good radiopacity level of the SrO-coated PEEK implant. The amount of weight loss for the PEEK implant and the SrO-coated PEEK implant was 0.0006 g and 0.0004 g in 1500 cycles, respectively. Good wear resistance was observed in two cycles of 500 and 1500 for the pores and surface of the SrO-coated PEEK implant. The results of the cell culture and live/dead staining showed 98% growth and proliferation of cells on the SrO-coated PEEK implant. Therefore, the findings of this study demonstrated that the SrO-coated PEEK implant can be used as a suitable alternative for the Endobutton. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Synthesis of self-healing composite coating due to development of corrosion-resistant of 2024 Al alloy
Amir Hosein Sheikhali Mohammad Amin Kashi sazThe aim of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance and create the active inhibitory in hybrid-silane coatings. Therefor the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets and the methylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) were used as a protective pigment and organic inhibitor c MoreThe aim of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance and create the active inhibitory in hybrid-silane coatings. Therefor the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets and the methylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) were used as a protective pigment and organic inhibitor carrier in the coating, respectively. The peaks appearing in 1059, 1380, 1730, and 3430 cm-1 belong to hydroxyl stretching, carbonyl, hydroxyl bending, and epoxide groups confirmed the successful synthesis of GO nanoparticles by infrared transfer spectroscopy (FTIR). The displacement of two peaks of 230 and 250 nm in GO to 261 and 360 nm in GO-ATMP represent the successful reduction of graphene oxide by ATMP molecules. Then, the corrosion resistance of GO-ATMP coating was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization tests. The results showed that the ATMP inhibitor improves the corrosion resistance properties of the coating, and the corrosion current density is reduced as 50%. After successfully inhibiting adsorption on GO plates, the coating (GO-ATMP) was applied on 2024 aluminum alloy sheets. The results of EIS and salt-spray tests showed that the corrosion resistance properties of GO-ATMP coatings improved due to restrict the access of corrosive environment to the metal surface. The intelligent releasing of the inhibitor during electrolyte penetration in scratched area of the coating was confirmed by the formation of a protective film in the scratch area in the electron microscope image of the sample. This caused to restrict the electrochemical reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Production and characterization of WC-10Co-4Cr-xGr composite coating produced by thermal spraying method
mohammad razazi boroujeni Ayat Muayad Lafta Al Nidawi Farhad AzimifarOne of the most widely used methods to Improving the surface resistance of industrial parts is applying composite coatings such as WC-10Co-4Cr. But this coating, despite its excellent corrosion resistance, does not have a good tribological behavior compared to other tun MoreOne of the most widely used methods to Improving the surface resistance of industrial parts is applying composite coatings such as WC-10Co-4Cr. But this coating, despite its excellent corrosion resistance, does not have a good tribological behavior compared to other tungsten carbide base coatings. For this purpose, in this research, by adding graphite in two amounts of 7% and 14% by weight to WC-10C-4Cr powder and applying coatings by thermal spraying on the steel substrate, their tribological behavior was compared. Investigations were carried out with the help of SEM images, XRD test, roughness measurement and hardness measurement. Pin-on-disk test was also used to evaluate the wear resistance behavior of coatings and substrate. The results showed that despite the relative decrease in hardness and increase in the roughness of the tungsten carbide base coating, graphite leads to a significant improvement in the tribological behavior of the substrate and the tungsten carbide coating. Among the coatings, coating with 7% graphite It had the best wear resistance due to the combination of suitable hardness, low porosity and low friction coefficient. The wear mechanism of the coatings was also investigated with the help of SEM images and EDS analysis. It was found that the dominant mechanism of coatings containing graphite, dellamination and WC-10Co-4Cr coating was adhesive. The most important reason for increasing the tribological properties of coatings in the presence of graphite was the formation of a protective layer of these reinforcing particles in the wear path and around the pin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Investigation of the Wear Corrosion and Hot Corrosion Properties of Alumina Coating Applied on Steel Substrate via High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Method
seyed Ali Khosravifard Amirhosein Yaghtin Amin Akhbarizadeh Alireza AraghiIn the present work, Alumina coating with an approximate thickness of 240 µm was applied via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method on a 4340 hot-work tool steel substrate. The morphology of the coating and the influences of the corrosive medium which contained hydr MoreIn the present work, Alumina coating with an approximate thickness of 240 µm was applied via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method on a 4340 hot-work tool steel substrate. The morphology of the coating and the influences of the corrosive medium which contained hydro-chloric acid (5-15 vol.%) were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Afterwards, the wear behavior of the coatings in dry and acidic wet environments were studied using a pin-on-disk wear apparatus and the wear mechanism was analyzed through SEM studies. The results of the wear tests showed that the wear rate in the 5% acidic medium was approximately the same as that of the dry test. Furthermore, the results showed that increasing the concentration of acid in the wear medium (up to 15%), leads to a continuous increase of the wear rate which was ascribed to increased corrosion rate. The dominant wear mechanism in all the tested situations was determined as sticking wear. As the wear rate increased, the wear surfaces showed increased roughness. Finally, hot corrosion experiments were carried on the coated specimens at the temperature of 880 ˚C. At this condition, the coating lasted for about 460 hours. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - The role of graphite substrate on the formation of C/SiC gradient structure during pack cementation process
Jalil Pourasad Naser Ehsani Seyed Ali Khalife soltaniThe graphite has been generally used as a high-temperature structural material. However, graphite can easily react with oxygen even at temperatures as low as 400 °C. The graded silicon carbide (SiC) characterized by compositional gradation over microscopic distances MoreThe graphite has been generally used as a high-temperature structural material. However, graphite can easily react with oxygen even at temperatures as low as 400 °C. The graded silicon carbide (SiC) characterized by compositional gradation over microscopic distances, is considered to be the most promising coating material in order to prevent the oxidation of graphite. In this paper, SiC coating has been created on five kinds of graphite substrates using a pack cementation method. The relationship between the microstructure and property of graphite substrates and SiC coating was investigated experimentally and theoretically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrate that the coating obtained by the pack cementation is a dense structure comprising Si, C and β-SiC. It was found that the kind of graphite has marked effect on the microstructure of SiC coating. SiC gradient coating is expected to form on the surface of graphite with high density, good graphitized, appropriate porosity and the pore radius mainly over the range of 600–710 nm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Optimization of pulsed GTAW for hard facing on St37 based with Nob73G2 filler metal
Mohsen Jahanian Najafabadi Hamid Ghayour Masoud KasiriThis study attempts to investigate the micro structure and wear behavior done on the surface of carbon steel. In doing so, specimens of carbon steel were filled through gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) applying pulse and continuous currents by filler metal. The cross-sec MoreThis study attempts to investigate the micro structure and wear behavior done on the surface of carbon steel. In doing so, specimens of carbon steel were filled through gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) applying pulse and continuous currents by filler metal. The cross-section samples were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The hardness test, the hardness of the samples was determined. Pin on disc wear test to evaluate the wear resistance of plain carbon steel specimens coated and welded something done. The wear surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, a sample with pulse configuration the lowest wear rate is the highest surface hardness. In order to optimize the welding conditions and the impact of each of the factors used to determine the degree of difficulty in pulsed mode, the Taguchi experimental design technique and the use of S / N ratio have been used. Finally, the overall results of the analysis revealed that the variable factors, peak flow and low flow, respectively, are considered the most influential factors on the response. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Investigation on effect of different parameter on deposition kinetic of SiC coating applied by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on carbon-carbon composite
Naser Hoseini Hosein AghajaniIn current investigation, after SiC coating being applied on carbon-carbon composite by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), the effect of different parameters on deposition kinetic has been studied. In order to investigate the phases of SiC coating, XRD analysis has MoreIn current investigation, after SiC coating being applied on carbon-carbon composite by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), the effect of different parameters on deposition kinetic has been studied. In order to investigate the phases of SiC coating, XRD analysis has been used. Moreover, SEM analysis has been carried out to study the morphology of Carbon-Carbon composite before and after SiC coating being applied. Furthermore, in order to study process exhaust, EDS analysis has been performed. In this regard, the effect of following parameters on deposition rate has been studied: temperature, entrance gas composition, time, and position of sample in reactor. The result of the research shows that, regarding to deposition mechanism; changes of deposition parameter affect the deposition rate. In addition, SEM images demonstrate that the crystal size of SiC and coating thickness in optimum condition of deposition are almost 300 nm and 3 μm consecutively. Finally, through the SEM images, the surface of Carbon-Carbon composite before and after SiC coating has been compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Histogenesis Study of Metanephros Kidney in Goat Fetus
سید سجاد حجازیThe aim ofthis study was to investigate the differentiation of nephron and other structures of metanephric kidney in goat fetuses. The study was descriptive which was conducted in 2013 at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The approximate age of the embryos was dete MoreThe aim ofthis study was to investigate the differentiation of nephron and other structures of metanephric kidney in goat fetuses. The study was descriptive which was conducted in 2013 at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The approximate age of the embryos was determined based on the formula presented by Gal et al (1994) in order to estimate the age of the goat fetus. Taking into account the age of the fetus, they were divided into 4 groups of 25 fetuses in each. The first, second, third, and fourth groups were on 38-60, 61-90, 91-120, and 121-150 days of pregnancy, respectively. The kidneys of the fetus were isolated following autopsy of the baby's abdominal cavity in order to examine the metanephros tissue differentiation. Isolated samples were placed in 10% buffered formalin solution. They were examined under the optical microscope after the preparing of tissue sections. Data analysis among the groups was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests as well as SPSS 10 software. According to the results there was a significant difference between the four groups since 30-days old until birth in terms of the mean length (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Prevalence of Sarcocystis in Slaughter Goats in Khoy City by Microscopic Method and Comparison with Slaughterhouse Statistics
Ali Mandaalee Sohrab RasouliSarcocystis is a mandatory intracellular parasitic protozoan that may cause digestive disorders in goats and huge financial losses in the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcocystis infection in slaughtered goats in Khoy slau MoreSarcocystis is a mandatory intracellular parasitic protozoan that may cause digestive disorders in goats and huge financial losses in the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcocystis infection in slaughtered goats in Khoy slaughterhouse, Iran using microscopic method and compare it with macroscopic method. To this end, the carcasses of 202 slaughtered goats was examined ocularly and then microscopically for the presence of macrocysts. According to the results, 1.96% of the studied goats were found to be infected with macrocysts. In microscopic examination, 22.55% of the studied goats were found to be positive for infection. Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the rate of infection in different age groups and the rate of infection increased with age (P <0.05);while the rate of infection was gender independent and there was no significant difference between the rates of infection of different sexes (P> 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the amount of infection in different muscles (p <0.05). The highest microcysts were observed in skeletal muscles with 84.78% and the lowest microcysts in heart muscles with 28.26%. This study showed that the microscopic method has a great advantage in determining the rate of sarcocyst infection compared to the ocular method. Therefore, it is necessary to be more careful in determining sarcocyst infections in carcasses of slaughtered goats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Survey on Prevalence Rate of Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep and Goats Population of Mahabad City
Kiarash Dezhban Sohrab RasouliCryptosporidium is a small coccidian parasite invaded and replicated within the epithelial cell lining of digestive, respiratory, and conjunctiva organs of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium is an intracellular and exocytoplasmic organism. It has been shown to be an important MoreCryptosporidium is a small coccidian parasite invaded and replicated within the epithelial cell lining of digestive, respiratory, and conjunctiva organs of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium is an intracellular and exocytoplasmic organism. It has been shown to be an important cause of enterocolitis and self-limited diarrhea in numbers of animals with defect in their immunity system. In this survey, we examined 419 fecal samples including sheep and goats population of Mahabad city, Iran. Forty nine samples of this examined animals (17 samples of sheep and goats are under 1 year old, 11 samples of sheep and goats between 1 and 2 years, 9 samples of sheep and goats between 2 and 3 years, 8 samples between 3 and 4 years old, and 4 samples of sheep and goats are over 4 years) are positive with a view of shedding of oocyst. There was significant statistical relationship between infection rate and sex P<0.05. There was significant statistical relationship between infection rate and age P<0.05. There was significant statistical relationship between infection rate and seasons of the year P<0.05 and there was no significant statistical relationship between sheep population and goat population in Mahabad city (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - The Effect of Two-Component Coating of Sodium Caseinate and Marjoram Extract on Fat and Oxidative Degradation Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at Refrigerator Temperature
Mehran Moslemi Meghdad Aminirad Masoud HedayatifardThe present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium ca MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium caseinate and marjoram extract with dilution of 1 and 2% and non-extracted sodium caseinate. In order to investigate the effect of coatings, a group was considered as control and non-coating treatment. Fish fillets are immersed in the prepared solution for each treatment and then at room temperature to make the coating appropriate on them. The measurement of chemical parameters of FFA, TVN, TBA, PV and FAT was performed on zero, five and fifteen days. Based on the data obtained in FFA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments. But in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TVN values, there was no significant difference in zero day between treatments, but in the fifth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TBA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments, but this difference was significantly observed on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days between treatments (p < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the zero day for PV values. During the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). Based on data, this process was repeated for FAT values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Molecular Analysis of Najdi Goat Population Using HVR1 Sequence of Mitochondrial Genome
Rouhollah Khademi Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian Hamid Reza Seyyed Abadi amin kazemizadehThis study was conducted to determine the sequence of the HVR1 region of the mitochondrial genome of the Najdi goat. To conduct this study, 30 blood samples of both gender were collected from unrelated goats. After DNA extraction, the desired region was amplified by spe MoreThis study was conducted to determine the sequence of the HVR1 region of the mitochondrial genome of the Najdi goat. To conduct this study, 30 blood samples of both gender were collected from unrelated goats. After DNA extraction, the desired region was amplified by specific primers by PCR technique, and the sequence was determined. For comparison, the phylogeny of the HVR1 region sequence obtained from Najdi goat was drawn with other breeds worldwide to determine the haplotype group. The phylogenetic tree drawn for the samples showed that they all originated from the same population and the number of 5 different haplotypes was determined based on 20 nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for the HVR1 region in the sequences. Also, the sequence of the HVR1 region of the studied sample with 11 sequences recorded from 6 haplotype groups from different countries in the NCBI database showed that the Najdi goat belongs to haplotype group A. Comparing the sequence of the HVR1 region with the sequences in the gene bank can contribute to our information about the Najdi goat breeds and open the ground for their better use in breeding programs. According to the obtained results, the genetic diversity of the Najdi goat has increased over many years, and this increase in genetic diversity can be due to the mixing of this breed with other breeds, which can lead to the extinction of the Najdi goat in the future, which requires more attention to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - بررسی مکانیزم های خرابی در پوشش های حائل حرارتی تحت بارگذاری خستگی هم دما و غیرهم دما با طراحی آزمایش ها
محمد آزادی غلامحسین فرهی در این مقاله، مکانیزمهای شکست و خرابی یک آلیاژ آلومینیوم (که در بستار موتورهای احتراق داخلی دیزلی کاربرد دارد) در دو حالت با و بدون پوششهای حائل حرارتی سرامیکی، تحت بارگذاریهای خستگی همدما و غیرهمدما، مطالعه شده است. در این تحقیق، ماده پایه شامل آلیاژ آلومین More در این مقاله، مکانیزمهای شکست و خرابی یک آلیاژ آلومینیوم (که در بستار موتورهای احتراق داخلی دیزلی کاربرد دارد) در دو حالت با و بدون پوششهای حائل حرارتی سرامیکی، تحت بارگذاریهای خستگی همدما و غیرهمدما، مطالعه شده است. در این تحقیق، ماده پایه شامل آلیاژ آلومینیوم- سیلیسیوم- منیزیم است و پوشش حائل حرارتی نیز، شامل یک پوشش میانی فلزی به ضخامت 150 میکرومتر و یک پوشش اصلی از زیرکونیای پایدار شده با ایتریا به ضخامت 350 میکرومتر میباشد که بر روی ماده پایه (آلیاژ آلومینیوم)، به روش پاشش حرارتی پلاسما ایجاد شده است. برای بررسی تحلیل خرابی و تحلیل حساسیت، آزمونهای خستگی همدما (و یا کمچرخه در دمای ثابت) و آزمونهای خستگی غیرهمدما (و یا ترمومکانیکی غیرهمفاز)، بر روی نمونههای استاندارد آزمون انجام شده است. سپس، با استفاده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی، مکانیزمهای شکست در آلیاژ آلومینیوم، با و بدون پوشش، بررسی شده است. پس از بررسی آسیب خستگی و تحلیل خرابی، حساسیت عمر ماده نسبت به عوامل مختلف (دما و کرنش) نیز، مطالعه شده است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، سطح شکست آلیاژ آلومینیوم دارای دیمپل بوده و شکست آن بصورت نرم است. در پوشش حائل حرارتی نیز، جدایش لایه میانی پوشش از ماده پایه، مکانیزم آسیب غالب است. همچنین، بیشترین حساسیت مربوط به پارامتر کرنش در آزمونهای خستگی آلیاژ آلومینیوم (با و بدون پوشش) است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Thermo-mechanical analysis of a coated cylinder head
Hojjat AshouriThis paper presents finite element analysis (FEA) of a coated and uncoated cylinder heads of a diesel engine to examine the distribution of temperature and stress. A thermal barrier coating system was applied on the combustion chamber of the cylinder heads, consists of MoreThis paper presents finite element analysis (FEA) of a coated and uncoated cylinder heads of a diesel engine to examine the distribution of temperature and stress. A thermal barrier coating system was applied on the combustion chamber of the cylinder heads, consists of two-layer systems: a ceramic top coat (TC), made of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), ZrO2-8%Y2O3 and also a metallic bond coat (BC), made of Ni-Cr-Al-Y. The coating system in this research comprises 300 μm zirconium oxide TC and 150 μm BC. The three-dimensional model of the cylinder heads was simulated in abaqus software and a two-layer viscoplasticity model was utilized to investigate the elastic, plastic and viscous behavior of the cylinder heads. The elastic and plastic properties of BC and TC layers were considered and the effect of thermal barrier coatings on distribution of temperature and stress was investigated. The aim of this study is to compare the distribution of temperature and stress in the coated and uncoated cylinder heads under thermo-mechanical loads. The results of FEA showed that the thermal barrier coating system reduces the temperature about 53°C because of its lower thermal conductivity. As a result, the cylinder heads tolerates lower temperature and fatigue life will increase. The results of thermo-mechanical analysis indicated that the stress in the coated cylinder heads decreased approximately 24 MPa for the sake of depletion of temperature gradient which can lead to higher fatigue lifetime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coating in Low Cycle Fatigue Life for Exhaust Manifold
Hojjat Ashouri -
Open Access Article
364 - Fracture analysis of multiple axisymmetric interfacial cracks in an FGM Coated orthotropic layer
Behrooz Momeni -
Open Access Article
365 - ارزیابی عملکرد ابزار با پوشش های چند لایه نانوکریستال در ماشین کاری سوپر آلیاژ اینکونل 718
رسول مختاری همامی بهروز موحدی ایرج لیرابی مهدی بازرگان حقیقیدر این مقاله، عملکرد ابزار با پوشش­های چند لایه نانوکریستال با ترکیب TiN+TiAlN برای ماشین­کاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل اینکونل 718 در شرایط برشکاری خشک و مرطوب مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور پوشش چند لایه TiN و TiAlN با ساختار نانوکریستال توسط فرایند رس Moreدر این مقاله، عملکرد ابزار با پوشش­های چند لایه نانوکریستال با ترکیب TiN+TiAlN برای ماشین­کاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل اینکونل 718 در شرایط برشکاری خشک و مرطوب مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور پوشش چند لایه TiN و TiAlN با ساختار نانوکریستال توسط فرایند رسوب فیزیکی بخار و با روش قوس تبخیری بر اینسرتهایی با ترکیب کاربید تنگستن- کبالت اعمال شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون سایشی بال بر دیسک و همچنین ماشین­کاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل اینکونل718 در شرایط برشکاری خشک و مرطوب نشان داد که نانوکریستال بودن لایه­ای، عملکرد بسیار عالی را برای ابزارها در حین ماشین­کاری بهوجود میآورد. وجود کریستال­ها یا دانه­هایی در ابعاد40-15 نانومتر همراه با درصد بهینه­ای از آلومینیوم در پوشش TiAlN، مقاومت سایشی بالا ایجاد میکند و ترکیب مناسبی از مقاومت به سایش خراشان و چسبندگی به زیر لایه به همراه چقرمگی و پایداری حرارتی مطلوب را فراهم مینماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Study of priming (hydropriming, gibbberllic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth Avena (Avena sativa L.) under salt stress
Faezeh Thaleghni moghadam Farshad Ghooshchi Alireza SafahaniThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles and hydro priming mitigate the effects of salinity on oatsIs at the stage of germination and growth. In order to evaluate the effect of hydro-priming, pre-treatment of gibbere MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles and hydro priming mitigate the effects of salinity on oatsIs at the stage of germination and growth. In order to evaluate the effect of hydro-priming, pre-treatment of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles (priming in the lab and sprayed in the greenhouse) to improve germination and seedling growth indices oats in salinity stress conditions (0,4,8,12 ) dS m and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 20ppm and 10ppm silver nano particles factorial design quite "random with three replications. The criteria evaluated were germination percentage, seed yield and shoot and root weight seedling dry, electrical conductivity, the results showed that salinity significant effect (P>0.01) on all of these things and be reduced. the interaction of salinity and priming on germination was not significant. the interaction of salinity and dissolved application on grain yield, root length, shoot length and root dry weight were significant (P>0.01). average interaction between salinity and foliar showed that the highest yield (2.49 grams per plant) the maximum root length (13.29cm) and, most during the shoot (14.99cm) and the highest seedling dry weight (24.819mg) of silver nanoparticles with an average salinity and pretreatment (18.98) Was obtained . The lowest grain yield (1.4999 grams per plant), root length (2 cm, 10 cm stem length) of 12 dS m salinity treatments and anti-stress lack of substance was achieved.According to the results obtained from the use of silver nanoparticles and priming effect of intense passion to improve hydro-priming reduced grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - The first report of Dourine's disease in horses with suspected clinical forms of the disease in the rural villages of Dorood city, Lorestan province, Iran
saeid Hashemi Meisam SalarvandDourine is a parasitic venereal disease of horses caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosome equi perdum from the Trypanosomatida's order. This deadly disease, which existed in the past and is emerging again in Lorestan today, has not been investigated in Lorestan MoreDourine is a parasitic venereal disease of horses caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosome equi perdum from the Trypanosomatida's order. This deadly disease, which existed in the past and is emerging again in Lorestan today, has not been investigated in Lorestan despite suspected cases.Therefore, for this purpose, venous blood samples (4 stallion samples and 9 mare samples) were collected from 13 suspected horses by referring to four villages on the outskirts of Dorood city, were collected from May 2020 to May 2021. The results of the field examination of the animal include fever of 38.5 ± 1 degrees Celsius, edema of the genital tract and rapid fatigue, and paleness of the eye mucosa, eye hyperemia (6 cases of fever and 2 cases of eye infection), cardiac tachycardia, and in one case of a stallion, a skin plaque with a diameter of 5 Centimeters were seen on the leg. From each horse, 20 ml of blood was taken from the Vedic vein, and the samples were analyzed by the method of preparing a slide from a buffy coat and measuring the hematocrit in a capillary tube. Out of 13 horses studied, 7 cases showed a hematocrit of 32 ± 1%. The average hematocrit was 28% ± 1 in 4 stallions and 30% ± 1 in 3 mares. The trypomastigote forms of the parasite Trypanosome equipurdum, with an average absolute frequency of the disease of 23.07%, were seen in three samples Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Radiographic study of the effect of Nano poly(ε-caprolactone)/Gelatin/Gehlenite Defect on the healing process of bone Defects with critical size in Markhoz goat
Foad Sadi Rasoul RahimzadehThe main goal in the repair of tibial fractures is to create a bone unit and study the effect of this nano polymaterial in the process of bone repair. In this research, 10 adult goats were divided into two groups, and the middle part of the right tibia was considered to MoreThe main goal in the repair of tibial fractures is to create a bone unit and study the effect of this nano polymaterial in the process of bone repair. In this research, 10 adult goats were divided into two groups, and the middle part of the right tibia was considered to create a 30 mm defect. . poly(e-caprolactone)/Gelatin/Gehlenite was used to fill the gap after the fracture in the second group. Then, on days 0, 15, 30, and 60, the animals in both the experimental group and the control group are radiographically examined. The results obtained from these results are based on the Lin and Sandow classification system depending on the amount of callus found and the spatial amount of the defect filled by the callus, mineralized and compared, after analysis And statistical analysis shows. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); This confirms the faster bone formation in the experimental group than the control group and more form of poly(e-caprolactone/Gelatin/Gehlenite) in tibial bone reconstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in female Markhoz goats of Saqqez district, Kurdistan
Ghazaaleh Adhami Aram ParviziBackground & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption o MoreBackground & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption of its raw or half-cooked meat is a major risk factor for infection with Toxoplasma. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Markhoz goats of Saqqez City of Kurdistan province in western Iran.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we utilized 188 serum specimens ( 144 serum samples belonging to goats with a history of abortion and 44 samples belonging to goats without a history of abortion ) for the evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by ELISA. 38 samples out of 188 serum specimens in the study were positive for Toxoplasma gondii using ELISA, and the infection rate of the goats was 20.2%.Results: Two (3.57%) out of 56 Markhoz goats under 2 years of age were positive for Toxoplasma infection and 36 (27.27%) out of 132 Markhoz goats over two years of age were positive for the infection. The statistical examination indicated significant relationships between the pollution and age groups (p<0.05). 36 (25%) out of 144 Markhoz goats with a history of abortion were positive for Toxoplasma infection, and 2 (4.54%) out of 44 goats without a history of abortion were positive for the infection. The statistical studies indicated a significant correlation between the rates of infection and abortion (p<0.05).Conclusion: Given the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Markhoz goats, we suggest providing information about prevention and control, refraining from eating uncooked or undercooked meat, and performing molecular studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Study the impairments in clinical and microscopic diagnosis of theileriosis among small ruminant population in Kurdistan province
Hamid Seifi Meysam Moravedji Saber Esmaeili Ehsan MostafaviBackground and purpose: Theileriosis is one of prevalent diseases among small ruminant population in Kurdistan province which is encountered serious problems both clinical and microscopic. The disease imposes heavy damages to the livestock industry. The aim of the study MoreBackground and purpose: Theileriosis is one of prevalent diseases among small ruminant population in Kurdistan province which is encountered serious problems both clinical and microscopic. The disease imposes heavy damages to the livestock industry. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical and microscopic features in sheep and goats infested with ticks, evaluation of microscopic method to identify Theileriosis and finally identification of technical impairments and finding confident approaches for diminished diagnostic errors in both methods. Material and methods: in this study, after recording the clinical findings of 250 tick infested small ruminants (230 sheep and 20 goats), blood and lymphatic smears were taken. Results: the results have shown that Piroplasms and Koch blue bodies were presented in 229 blood samples and in 238 lymphatic smears respectively. Statistical analyses declared that there was a meaningful correlation between blood and lymphatic smears and also between clinical findings such as: heart rate, conjunctiva discoloration and temperature variation with both blood and lymphatic smears. Conclusion: coordination of clinical and laboratory findings have confirmed that the main problem in clinical diagnosis of theileriosis in Kurdistan province was the involvement of animals with none-acute form of the disease (for i.e. T. ovis) in most population of small ruminants. Thus investigation of parasite both in blood smears and in lymphatic smears could lead to diminish laboratory errors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Sonographic findings of normal thyroid gland in Goats
پیام Haghighi-Khoshkho سعید Mokhaeri Ultrasonography is an accurate method to assess anatomical variations and histopathological changes of thyroid gland.it is considered as a clinical index to detect some diseases of thyroid gland in different mammalian species.there is no stud More Ultrasonography is an accurate method to assess anatomical variations and histopathological changes of thyroid gland.it is considered as a clinical index to detect some diseases of thyroid gland in different mammalian species.there is no study about ultrasonography of normal thyroid gland in goats.the present study was designed to Ultrasonography evaluation of the parenchyma and the lobes of healthy thyroid gland in different dimensions,in male and female goats.the study was conducted on 14 adult goats(7 male,7 female).in order to confirm healthy thyroid gland,clinical examinations were performed and T3 and T4 hormones were measured before accomplishing Ultrasonography.thyroid area on the neck was shaved and washed.Ultrasonography was performed on the neck midline bilaterally,from cranial to caudal and from left to right to find each lobe of thyroid gland.thereafter,the echogenecity of the gland was determined.length,width and height of the each lobe and also the size of isthmus were measured.the scan results of this study showed a fusifrom shape of the gland in sagittal plane and an oval or roughly triangular structure in transverse plane.the echogenecity of the gland is less than the surrounding adventitia but more than the neck muscles.the parenchyma was homogenously echogenic and thyroid lobs were marginated properly.the means of length,width and height in the right lobe were 2.39,0.52,0.90 cm respectively.thses numbers in the right lobe of male goats(and females)were 2.25(2.54),0.47(0.57),0.78(1.03) cm.the means of length,width and height in the left lobe were 2.34,0.55,0.83 cm respectively.these numbers in the left lobe of male goats(and females) were 2.25(2.43),0.51(0.59),0.77(0.89)cm.the mean of isthmus was 0.20 cm in the both genders.according to the results,the length of the right lobe,the width of the right lobe and the width of the left lobe were significantly larger in the females goats(p<0.05).the height of the right lobe was significantly larger in the females goats(p<0.05).the width of the left lobe was significantly larger than the right lobe in all goats of this study(p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Importance of Water Quality in Small Ruminants’ Productivity
A. Cervantes G. López F.J. Monge A. Estrada A. PlascenciaSuccessful breeding and raising of sheep and goats depend on appropriate sanitary and nutritional manage-ment, where water plays a crucial role. Alterations in water quality and availability might lead to alterations in animal productivity. Small ruminants are capable o MoreSuccessful breeding and raising of sheep and goats depend on appropriate sanitary and nutritional manage-ment, where water plays a crucial role. Alterations in water quality and availability might lead to alterations in animal productivity. Small ruminants are capable of ingesting water in a wide range of qualities with little or no effect on health and performance, however; some elements and microorganisms present in high concentrations can produce a negative effect on health status and weight gain performance, being the qual-ity of water, an essential factor affecting the profitability of small ruminant production. The effects on cat-tle's productive performance of compounds like total dissolved solids, sulfates, and sulfur in drinking water have been documented. However, there needs to be more information available on the effect on sheep and goats, being necessary to increase the efforts to carry out studies to evaluate the effect of the physicochemi-cal and microbiological quality of drinking water on the health and productive performance of small rumi-nants. Water quality affects the efficiency of diet energy utilization in lambs. However, there is scares in-formation about this topic to reevaluate the qualification of water as “well water”. This review presents the effects of drinking water's different physicochemical and microbiological characteristics on the productivity of small ruminants. Also, it addresses water quality and its effect on productivity from an energy perspec-tive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Physiological pathology of migration and mobility of "floating population" in rural settlements of Guilan province
Dr.Teymoor AmarMigration is a dynamic process and the result of socio-economic changes, which can be separated and analyzed in terms of the common divisions of internal and international migrations. Internal migration is one of the main elements of changing demographic processes and t MoreMigration is a dynamic process and the result of socio-economic changes, which can be separated and analyzed in terms of the common divisions of internal and international migrations. Internal migration is one of the main elements of changing demographic processes and the main mechanism of population distribution and redistribution. The flow of migration from cities to rural areas is a part of postmodern developments, which has economic-social-cultural, environmental and physical consequences. Existing studies and researches show that widespread and increasing migration to rural areas, physical complications such as "change In the ownership system, it will lead to "transformation in land use and the landscape of villages", "increase in the construction of second homes and the resulting physical chaos", "physical clutter", and "confusion in architecture and construction". This article investigates the physical damage caused by the migration and mobility of the floating population to the rural areas of Guilan province with a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies and field information collection and interviews with local experts and managers. The findings of this research showed that the agricultural levels Between the censuses of 1367 and 1390, the province has decreased by about 33%, which is undoubtedly the main reason for this is the request for land in the province and the change of its use. Construction has grown by 67% during the last decade (despite a 16% decrease in the rural population), which has resulted in numerous construction violations, while there is no reasonable balance between the province's population, resources, and infrastructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Oath in Shahnameh and its mythic connection with water and fire
Darya HaydariFerdowsi’s Shahnameh is and eternal singular work which has kept ancient Persian ceremonies and culture within itself. Each of these ceremonies is worthy of analysis namely the ceremony regarding making a vow which is also used today and is dealt with in different MoreFerdowsi’s Shahnameh is and eternal singular work which has kept ancient Persian ceremonies and culture within itself. Each of these ceremonies is worthy of analysis namely the ceremony regarding making a vow which is also used today and is dealt with in different places in Shahnameh. Hence in this article swear an oath and ancient beliefs in this connection and its reflection in Shahnameh and also its mythological connection with the two elements of water and fire is investigates. Sogand is a Persian word and its equivalent in Arabic is Ghasam and yamin. Dr Moein in the margin of Borhane-Ghate’ has brought if after the entry Sukeh. Sogand with the first and third accent innnnnn Avesta is Saokatevant (Gogerdmand) means that which has sulfur. In ancient Peasia and in complicated and ambiguous trials, the two sides were examined on a trial or test called sogand or oath. Sogand is part of a var (godly trials in ancient Persia). Sogand is a poisonous drug dissolved in water in form of a drink given to the accused. If he were innocent, he came to no harm and his innocence and righteousness was proved and if he were guilty, the poison would cause him death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Comparison of Tribological Behavior of Single-Layer and Multilayer Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings in the Presence of Al2O3 and SiC Reinforcing Particles
A.I. Abduljaleel Al Rabeeah M. Razazi BoroujeniDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the MoreDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the multilayer or hybrid type of nickel-phosphorus electroless coatings. In this research, for the first time, a three-layer Ni-P/Ni-P-Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC coating was produced and its tribological properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction test, energy beam spectrometer, optical and electron microscope images, hardness measurement, roughness measurement, adhesion test (according to ASTM B571 standard), and pin-on-disk wear (according to ASTM-G99 standard) were used for characterization. In the X-ray diffraction pattern related to the multilayer coating, in addition to the amorphous nickel-phosphorus phase, SiC and Al2O3 phases were also seen. The hardness of multilayer coating was 126 Vickers more than that of single-layer coating. The adhesion of all the coatings was very good, so after performing the bending test, no galling was observed in the coatings. In general, it was found that the use of multi-layer coating compared to single-layer coating (with the same thickness) leads to increased hardness, better adhesion, and superior wear behavior. The wear mechanism of the coatings was also evaluated with the help of electron microscope images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The wear mechanism of the electroless nickel-phosphorus coating was delamination and Abrasive, while the hybrid coating changed the mechanism to adhesive by creating a gradient of mechanical properties and lubrication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Oath and its Comparative Study in the Qur'an, Jurisprudence, Law and Allusions in Rumi's Ghazals
asiyeh rahimi soraYa razeghy zahra ghoroghiSwearing is one of the oldest rituals that writers, commentators, jurists and lawyers have given many definitions and have looked at it from many angles, which extracts have crystallized in the works of poets and writers, including Divan Shams. Commentators have divided MoreSwearing is one of the oldest rituals that writers, commentators, jurists and lawyers have given many definitions and have looked at it from many angles, which extracts have crystallized in the works of poets and writers, including Divan Shams. Commentators have divided Quranic swearing into two categories according to who issued them: the first type is binding swear.This sear is used in Islamic jurisprudence and is called a marriage swear. The second type is investigative swear, which are mostly used in law and justice and sometimes in disputes. Rumi's speech in Diwan Shams is full of jurisprudential, legal and Quranic oaths, which has a high frequency of Quranic oaths due to Rumi's familiarity with the Quran. In the meantime, most of the researchers' attention has been focused on mythological swearing, which in this article, in addition to a short research on swearing in literature, Quran, jurisprudence and law.The swearing of Diwan Shams were also analyzed from various angles. It is clear that discovering and understanding the types of swears in Divan Shams will help to understand the secrets of Rumi's poems and vast thoughts. The method of this research is descriptive-investigative and analytical, using the library method. According to the findings of the research, Rumi acted in two ways in expressing the hints related to oaths in his ghazals, either he used the same phrase related to swear in his poem or he used the method of associating meanings in which a phrase or a word brings to mind the swear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Protected Protein Supplement Based on Rumen Undegradable Protein to Enhanced Productivity of Etawah Crossbred Dairy Goats
I.G. Permana F.R. Pambudi S.I.Z. Arif D. Despal A. RosmaliaHigh-lactating dairy goats require a substantial amount of protein. Protected protein supplements could provide a significant quantity of rumen undegradable protein (RUP), ensuring an adequate protein supply for high-lactating dairy goats. This study aimed to evaluate t MoreHigh-lactating dairy goats require a substantial amount of protein. Protected protein supplements could provide a significant quantity of rumen undegradable protein (RUP), ensuring an adequate protein supply for high-lactating dairy goats. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of protected protein supplements on the productivity of Etawah crossbred dairy goats. The study involved 16 Etawah crossbred lactating goats with an average milk production of 0.94 ± 0.38 L head-1 day-1 and an average body weight of 46.80 ± 7.50 kg. A randomized block design of four treatments and four replications was used. The treatment ration were: R0= a ration with 0% protected protein supplement content as control, R1= R0 + 5% protected pro-tein supplement, R2= R0 + 10% protected protein supplement, and R3= R0 + 15% protected protein sup-plement. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and continued to the Duncan test. The results showed that the R1, R2, and R3 treatments significantly (P<0.05) influenced the increase in feed intake, milk production, milk component production, milk urea nitrogen, and blood urea nitrogen. However, no significant effect was observed on milk quality, milk density, blood hematology, blood glucose, triglycerides, or economic factors. It can be concluded that adding a 5% protected protein supplement improved the performance of Etawah crossbred dairy goats without compromising milk quality and animal health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Interference of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) on more and less competitive wheat cultivars: Yield and yield components
Mohammad Armin Gorban Noormohammadi Eskendar zand Mohammad Ali Baghestani Farrokh DarvishA field experiment was conducted at the research station of plant pest and disease research Institute of Karaj, during 2003-2004 growing season. The aim was to investigate Interference of wild oat(Avena ludoviciana) on Yield and yield components of more and less competi MoreA field experiment was conducted at the research station of plant pest and disease research Institute of Karaj, during 2003-2004 growing season. The aim was to investigate Interference of wild oat(Avena ludoviciana) on Yield and yield components of more and less competitive wheat cultivars. The experiment was arranged as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replicates. Experimental factors were Rooshan (as less competitive) and Niknejad (as more competitive) wheat varieties, 3 wheat densities including recommended, recommended+25% and recommended+50%(300, 375 and 450 plants m-2 for Rooshan and 400, 500 and 600 plants m-2 for Niknejad resp.) and 4 wild oat densities (0, 25, 50, and 75 plants m-2).The results showed that Niknejad was the most competitive cultivar and Rooshan was the least competitive one in different levels of wild oat density. As wild oat density increased, yield of wheat decreased and the rate of yield decline was higher in Rooshan in comporison to Niknejad. Higher densities of wheat decreased yield looses. The presence of wild oat in wheat fields reduced fertile tiller, number of spike, seed per spike, seed per square meter and weight of 1000 seeds. Recommended and recommended+25% was optimum densities in Rooshan and Niknejad, respectively, when Wild oat interference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Effects of nitrogen source and amount, and foliar application methodsof urea and micro nutrients on the yield and growth characteristics in cucumber, Cucumis sativus cv. Royal
Elnaz Shadmehr ahmad glchin saaed ShafieyThe effects of nitrogen source, amount and foliar application of urea and micro nutrients on growth traits of cucumber was studied using a factorial experiment based on completely randomizd design out in Mahneshan, Zanjan, Iran. In this study, two sources of nitro MoreThe effects of nitrogen source, amount and foliar application of urea and micro nutrients on growth traits of cucumber was studied using a factorial experiment based on completely randomizd design out in Mahneshan, Zanjan, Iran. In this study, two sources of nitrogen (urea and sulfur coated urea), three levels of nitrogen (0, 200, and 400 kg/ha) and five levels of foliar spray, including urea (2 g/l), urea + Fe-EDTA (2+2 g/l), urea + So4Zn (2+2 g/l) and urea + So4Zn + Fe-EDTA (2+2+2 g/l) were used. Nitrogen fertilizers were used befor transplanting and foliar spray was carried out when the plants were in five leaf stage and repeated in several weeks. During the growth priod, various traits such as cucumber yield, number of fruits, length and diameter of fruits, and number of lateral branches were measured. The results showed that effects of nitrogen source and amounts, and foliar application methods of urea and micro nutrients and their interaction were significant on growth traits in cucumber. The highest yield of Cucumber (1002 g/plant) was obtained by the application of 400 kg N/ha as Sulfur Coated Urea in combination with foliar spray of Urea + So4Zn + Fe-EDTA. The results showed that foliar application of nitrogen and micro nutrients increased yield, fruit number, fruit length, fruit diameter and dry matter percentage of cucumber. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Effects of four nitrogen fertilizer sources on seed and oil yield of rapeseed and nitrogen residues in the soil
Mehdi Mehrpouyan ahmad golchin soleiman jamshidiEffects of different amounts of four nitrogen fertilizers sources on seed and oil yield of rapeseed cv. SLM046, and nitrogen residues in the soil were studied after harvesting. An experiment was conducted at Zanjan Agricultural Research Center, in 2004. A factorial expe MoreEffects of different amounts of four nitrogen fertilizers sources on seed and oil yield of rapeseed cv. SLM046, and nitrogen residues in the soil were studied after harvesting. An experiment was conducted at Zanjan Agricultural Research Center, in 2004. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Five levels of N comprised of 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 Kg of net nitrogen/ha and fertilizer sources of sulfur coated urea (SCU), urea (U), ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulphate (AS) were used at three stages: planting time, stem elongation and seed setting, but U fertilizer was applied at the planting time. The highest seed and oil yield were obtained for UN240. The highest N residues were found for SCU fertilizer. An increase of nitrogen (N) ranges from 0 to 240 kg/ha incraesed N residues in the soil. In addition, more NO3- was observed by applying AN, U, and SCU as compared with SA. The highest and the least NH4+ in soil was detected when fertilizers SCU and AN were applied, respectively. In general, despite of different N applications in rapeseed, amounts of NO3- and NH4+ residues in soil were lower than of those before planting, indicating high potential of rapeseed crop in N absorption. It was also revealed that increase of applied N was in contradictory with nitrogen uptake efficiency. NA fertilizers showed the highest and SCU the lowest nitrogen uptake efficiency in rape seed crop. Manuscript profile
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