اثرات آمیخته‌گری بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب در بزهای بومی قزوینی

Subject Areas : Camel

م.ح.  هادی-تواتری ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran)
ا.  رشیدی ² (گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران)
ح.  جهانی-عزیزآبادی ³ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran)
م.  رزم‌کبیر ⁴ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran)

Received: 2019-01-21 Accepted : 2019-06-15 Published : 2020-03-01

Keywords: گوشت, پروفایل اسیدهای چرب, آمیخته‌گری, بز سانن, بز استان قزوین,

Abstract :

در این مطالعه پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه longissimus lumborum (LL) بزغاله‌های نر سه گروه ژنوتیپی بزهای بومی استان قزوین (Q، 10=n)، آمیخته‌های بومی قزوین× سانن (QS، 10=n) و (بومی قزوین×سانن)×سانن (QSS، 9=n) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همه بزغاله‌ها در سن 75 روزگی از شیر گرفته شده بودند و با جیره‌ای حاوی 30 درصد یونجه و 75 درصد کنسانتره تغذیه شدند. بزغاله‌ها در سن 130 روزگی ذبح شده و بلافاصله از ماهیچه LL آنها نمونه‌‌ها جمع‌آوری گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه و روش GLM آنالیز شد. مجموع تغییرات پروفایل اسیدهای چرب گروه‌های ژنتیکی از طریق تجزیه تشخیص کانونی (CDA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. تفاوت میانگین چربی درون ماهیچه‌ای (0.94=Q، QS=2.01 و 1.05=QSS، گرم در 100 گرم گوشت)، اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA، Q=40.78، QS=25.43 و 36.9=QSS)، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با چندین باند مضاعف (PUFA، 99/12=Q، 89/13=QS و 41/22=QSS)، کل اسید لینولئیک مزدوج (CLA، Q=10.2، QS=2.32 و 1.02=QSS) و اسیدهای چرب مفید (73.63=Q، 67.18=QS و 74.87=QSS) معنی‌دار بود (0.05>P). همچنین نسبت‌های PUFA:SFA و C18:2,n-6:C18:2,n-3 درگروه‌های ژنتیکی معنی‌دار بود (0.05>P). گروه‌های ژنتیکی توسط روش CDA و بر اساس کل اسیدهای چرب موجود در چربی داخل ماهیچه LL در دسته بندی‌های متفاوت قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که آمیخته‌گری دارای اثر معنی‌دار (0.05>P) بر تغییرات پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه LL بزغاله‌ها بود و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه LL بزغاله‌های آمیخته نسبت به بزغاله‌های بومی استان قزوین کیفیت بهتری داشت. بر اساس شرایط این آزمایش آمیخته‌گری می‌تواند استراتژی مناسبی برای تولید گوشت بز با غلظت بالایی از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با جنبه‌های مفید برای سلامتی مصرف‌کننده ‌باشد.

References:

Aghwan Z.A., Alimon A.R., Goh Y.M., Nakyinsige K. and Sazili A.Q. (2014). Fatty acid profiles of supraspinatus, songissimus lumborumand semitendinosus muscles and serum in Kacang goats supplemented with inorganic selenium and iodine. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 27, 543-550.

AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Banskalieva V., Sahlu T. and Goetsch A.L. (2000). Fatty acid composition of goat muscles and fat depots: A review. Small Rumin. Res. 37, 255-268.

Benjamin S., Prakasan P., Sreedharan S., Wright A.G. and Spener F. (2015). Pros and cons of CLA consumption: An insight from clinical evidences. Nutr. Metab. 12, 4-13.

Bonvillani A., Peña F., Domenech V., Polvillo O., García P.T. and Casal J.J. (2010). Meat quality of Criollo Cordobes goat kids produced under extensive feeding conditions. Effects of sex and age / weight at slaughter. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 8, 116-125

Buccioni A., Decandia M., Minieri S., Molle G. and Cabiddu A. (2012). Lipid metabolism in the rumen: New insights on lipolysis and biohydrogenation with an emphasis on the role of endogenous plant factors. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 174, 1-25.

Cimmino R., Barone C.M.A., Claps S., Varricchio E., Rufrano D., Caroprese M., Albenzio M., De Palo P., Campanile G. and Neglia G. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation with polyphenols on meat quality in Saanen goat kids. BMC Vet. Res. 14, 1-11.

De-la-Vega F., Guzmán J.L., Delgado-Pertíñez M., Zarazaga L.A. and Argüello A. (2013). Fatty acid composition of muscle and internal fat depots of organic and conventional Payoya goat kids. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 11, 759-769.

De-Palo P., Maggiolino A., Centoducati N. and Tateo A. (2015). Effects of different milk replacers on carcass traits, meat quality, meat color and fatty acids profile of dairy goat kids. Small Rumin. Res. 131, 6-11. 

Ding W., Kou L., Cao B. and Wei Y. (2010). Meat quality parameters of descendants by grading hybridization of Boer goat and Guanzhong dairy goat. Meat Sci. 84, 323-328.

Duncan D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics. 11, 1-42.

Ebrahimi M., Rajion M.A., Goh Y.M. and Sazili A.Q. (2012). Impact of different inclusion levels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fronds on fatty acid profiles of goat muscles. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 96, 962-969.

Ebrahimi M., Rajion M.A., Jafari S., Jahromi M.F., Oskoueian E., Sazili A.Q., Goh Y.M. and Ghaffari M.H. (2018). Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on meat quality, carcass characteristics, tissue fatty acid profiles, and expression of lipogenic genes in growing goats. PLoS One. 13, e0188369.

Emami A., Fathi Nasri M.H., Ganjkhanlou M., Rashidi L. and Zali A. (2015). Dietary pomegranate seed pulp increases conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids in muscle and adipose tissues of kid. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 209, 79-89.

Enser M., Hallett K., Hewitt B., Fursey G.A.J. and Wood J.D. (1996). Fatty acid content and composition of English beef, lamb and pork at retail. Meat Sci. 42, 44-3456.

Fehily A.M., Pickering J.E., Yarnell J.W.G. and Elwood P.C. (1994). Dietary indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity and ischaemic heart disease risk: The Caerphilly Prospective Study. British J. Nut. 71, 249-251.

Folch J., Lees M. and Sloane-Stanley G.H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509.

Goetsch A.L., Zeng S.S. and Gipson T.A. (2011). Factors affecting goat milk production and quality. Small Rumin. Res. 101, 55-63.

Horcada A., Campo M.D.M., Polvillo O., Alcalde M.J., Cilla I. and Sañudo C. (2014). A comparative study of fatty acid profiles of fat in commercial Spanish suckling kids and lambs. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 12, 427-435.

Horcada A., Ripoll G., Alcalde M.J., Sañudo C., Teixeira A. and Panea B. (2012). Fatty acid profile of three adipose depots in seven Spanish breeds of suckling kids. Meat Sci. 92, 89-96.

Huerta-Leidenz N.O., Cross H.R., Lunt D.K., Pelton L.S., Sawell J.W. and Smith S.B. (1991). Growth, carcass traits, and fatty acid profiles of adipose tissues from steers fed whole cottonseed. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 3665-3672.

Jeronimo E., Alves S.P., Alfaia C.M., Prates J.A.M., Santos-Silva J. and Bessa R.J.B. (2011). Biohydrogenation intermediates are differentially deposited between polar and neutral intramuscular lipids of lambs. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 113, 924-934.

Livingstone K.M., Lovegrove J.A. and Givens D.I. (2012). The impact of substituting SFA in dairy products with MUFA or PUFA on CVD risk: evidence from human intervention studies. Nutr. Res. Rev. 25, 193-206.

Longobardi F., Sacco D., Casiello G., Ventrella A., Contessa A. and Sacco A. (2012). Garganica kid goat meat: Physico-chemical characterization and nutritional impacts. J. Food Compost. Anal. 28, 107-113.

Lopes L.S., Martins S.R., Chizzotti M.L., Busato K.C., Oliveira I.M., Machado Neto O.R., Paulino P.V.R., Lanna D.P.D. and Ladeira M.M. (2014). Meat quality and fatty acid profile of Brazilian goats subjected to different nutritional treatments. Meat Sci. 97, 602-608.

Madruga M.S., Medeiros E.J.L., Sousa W.H., Cunha M.D.G.G., Filho J.M.P. and Queiroga R.C.R.E. (2009). Chemical composition and fat profile of meat from crossbred goats reared under feedlot systems. R. Bras. Zootec. 38, 547-552.

Maia M.O., Susin I., Pires A.V., Gentil R.S., Ferreira E.M., Mendes C.Q. and de Alencar S.M. (2012). Growth, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in goat kids fed diets with castor oil. R. Bras. Zootec. 41, 2343-2349.

Mandal G.P., Roy A. and Patra A.K. (2014). Effects of feeding plant additives rich in saponins andessential oils on the performance, carcass traits andconjugated linoleic acid concentrations in muscle andadipose tissues of Black Bengal goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 197, 76-84.

Moreno T., Varela A., Oliete B., Carballo J.A., Sánchez L. and Montserrat L. (2006). Nutritional characteristics of veal from weaned and unweaned calves: Discriminatory ability of the fat profil. Meat Sci. 73, 209-217.

Oliveira R.L., Palmieri A.D., Carvalho S.T., Leão A.G., Abreu C.L., Ribeiro C.V.D.M., Pereira E.S., Carvalho G.G.P. and Bezerra L.R. (2015). Commercial cuts and chemical and sensory attributes of meat from crossbred Boer goats fed sunflower cake-based diets. Anim. Sci. J. 86, 557-562.

Park Y. and Pariza M.W. (2007). Mechanisms of body fat modulation by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Food Res. Int. 40, 311-323.

Parodi P.W. (2016). Dietary guidelines for saturated fatty acids are not supported by the evidence. Int. Dairy J. 52, 115-123.

Peña F., Bonvillani A., Freire B., Juárez M., Perea J. and Gómez G. (2009). Effects of genotype and slaughter weight on the meat quality of Criollo Cordobes and Anglonubian kids produced under extensive feeding conditions. Meat Sci. 83, 417-422.

Peña F., Juárez M., Bonvillani A., García P., Polvillo O. and Domenech V. (2011). Muscle and genotype effects on fatty acid composition of goat kid intramuscular fat. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 10, 212-216.

Pena F., Perea J., Garcı´a A. and Acero R. (2007). Effects of weight at slaughter and sex on the carcass characteristics of Florida suckling kids. Meat Sci. 75, 543-550.

Quaresma M.A.G., Rodrigues I., Alves S.P., Rui J.B. and Bessa R.J.B. (2016). Meat lipid profile of suckling goat kids from certified and noncertified production systems. Small Rumin. Res. 134, 49-57.

Ribeiro R.D.X, Medeiros A.N., Oliveira R.L., de Ara´ujo G.G.L., Queiroga R.d.C.d.E., Ribeiro M.D., Silva T.M., Bezerra L.R. and Oliveira R.L. (2018). Palm kernel cake from the biodiesel industry in goat kid diets. Part 2: Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat. Small Rumin. Res. 165, 1-7. 

Ripoll G., Alcalde M.J., Horcada A., Campo M.M., Sanudo C., Teixeira A. and Panea B. (2012). Effect of slaughter weight and breed on instrumental and sensory meat quality of suckling kids. Meat Sci. 92, 62-70.

Santos V.A.C., Silva A.O., Cardoso J.V.F., Silvestre A.J.D., Silva S.R., Martins C. and Azevedo J.M.T. (2007). Genotype and sex effects on carcass and meat quality of suckling kids protected by the PGI ‘‘Cabrito de Barroso’’. Meat Sci. 75, 725-736.

SAS Institute. (2002). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Silva T.M., Medeiros A.N., de Oliveira R.L., Gonzaga Neto S., Queiroga R.de.C.R..E., Ribeiro R.D.X., Leão A.G. and Bezerra L.R. (2016). Carcass traits and meat quality of crossbred Boer goats fed peanut cake as a substitute for soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci. 94, 2992-3002.

Simopoulos A.P. (2008). The importance of the omega-6 / omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Exp. Biol. Med. 233, 674-688.

Stanišić N., Žujović M., Tomić Z., Maksimović N., Bijelić Z., Ivanović S. and Memiši N. (2012). The effects of crossing Balkan and Saanen goat breeds on carcass traits and certain quality parameters of kid meat. Ann. Anim. Sci. 12, 53-62.

Talpur F.N., Bhanger M.I. and Sherazi S.T.H. (2008). Intramuscular fatty acid profile of longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscle from Pateri goats fed under traditional feeding system of Sindh, Pakistan. Meat Sci. 80, 819-822.

Todaro M., Corrao A., Barone C.M.A., Alicata M.L., Schinelli R. and Giaccone P. (2006). Use of weaning concentrate in the feeding of suckling kids: Effects on meat quality. Small Rumin. Res. 66, 44-50.

Turner K.E., Cassida K.A. and Zerby H.N. (2014). Meat goat kids finished on alfalfa, red clover or orchardgrass pastures: Carcass merit and meat quality. Meat Sci. 98, 629-636.

Vacca G.M., Dettori M.L., Paschino P., Manca F., Puggioni O. and Pazzola M. (2014). Productive traits and carcass characteristics of Sarda suckling kids. Large Anim. Rev. 20, 169-173.

Webb E.C., Casey N.H. and Simela L. (2005). Goat meat quality. Small Rumin. Res. 60, 153-166.

Yalcintan H., Ekiz B. and Ozcan M. (2018). Comparison of meat quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of finished goat kids from indigenous and dairy breeds. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 50, 1261-1269.

Zurita-Herrera P., Bermejo J.V.D., Henríquez A.A., Vallejo M.E.C. and Costa R. G. (2013). Effects of three management systems on meat quality of dairy breed goat kids. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 41, 173-182.