Effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone in the cat
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Bahman Mosallanejad
1
(Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Saad Gooraninejad
2
(Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatbaei
3
(Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Habib Amanipour
4
(Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Received: 2017-03-07
Accepted : 2018-10-06
Published : 2018-10-23
Keywords:
Testosterone,
Cat,
Stanozolol,
Nandrolone decanoate,
Erythropoietin,
Abstract :
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are used to stimulate appetite, muscle growth, and increase the production of red blood cells. The aim of the present study was to comparethe effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, their probable side effects on liver and body weight changes in the cat. For this purpose, ten healthy male cats were divided into two equal groups. Group A included five cats which received stanozolol (25 mg/cat IM) once weekly for six weeks. Group B included five cats which received nandrolone decanoate (1 mg/kg IM) once weekly for six weeks. Blood samples were collected five times on days zero, 3, 14, 28 and 42, for measurement of testosterone and erythropoietin. Both stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate showed effective function in increasing serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, but the effect of stanozolol was more than nandrolone decanoate in increasing hormone levels. A significant difference (p>0.001) was observed between groups A and B at days 14, 28 and 42 in increasing erythropoeitin and at days 3, 14, 28 and 42 in increasing testosterone. None of the drugs had hepatotoxic effects and stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate in increasing body weight (p<0.001). The results showed that although both hormones had effective function in increasing erythropoietin, testosterone, and body weight in cats, but stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate.
References:
Bachman, E., Travison, T.G., Basaria, S., Davda, M.N., Guo, W., Li, M., et al. (2014). Testosterone induces erythrocytosis via increased erythropoietin and suppressed hepcidin: evidence for a new erythropoietin/hemoglobin set point. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(6): 725-735.
Berning, J.M., Adams, K.J. and Stamford, B.A. (2004). Anabolic steroid usage in athletics: Facts, fiction, and public relations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4): 908-917.
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L. and Storer, T.W. (2001). Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. Journal of Endocrinology, 170(1): 27-38.
Carrero, J.J., Barany, P., Yilmaz, M.I., Qureshi, A.R., Sonmez, A., Heimburger, O., et al. (2012). Testosterone deficiency is a cause of anemia and reduced responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in men with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 27(2): 709-715.
Cook, S.M. and Lothrop, C.D. (1994). Serum erythropoietin concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay in normal, polycythemic, and anemic dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 8(1): 18-25.
Delgado, J., Saborido, A. and Megias, A. (2010). Prolonged treatment with the anabolic-androgenic steroid stanozolol increases antioxidant defences in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 66(1): 63-71.
Etienne, C. (2007). Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and cats. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, pp: 1495-1496.
Faghihi, S.M. and Gandomi Sani, H.R. (2013). Veterinary Pharmacy. 3rd ed., Tehran University Press, pp: 484-485. [In Persian]
Foresta, C., Mioni, R., Bordon, P., Miotto, D., Montini, G. and Varotto, A. (1994). Erythropoietin stimulates testosterone production in man. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 78(3): 753-756.
Hoffman, J.R. and Ratamess, N.A. (2006). Medical issues associated with anabolic steroid use: Are they exaggerated? Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5(2): 182-193.
Jannatifar, R., Shokri, S., Farrokhi, A. and Nejatbakhsh, R. (2015). Effect of supraphysiological dose of Nandrolone Decanoate on the testis and testosterone concentration in mature and immature male rats: A time course study. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 13(12): 779-786.
Johnstone, I.P., Bancroft, B.J. and McFarlane, J.R. (1984). Testosterone and androstenedione profiles in the blood of domestic tom-cats. Animal Reproduction Science, 7(4): 363-375.
Kenneth, R., Harkin, L.A., Cowan, G.A., Andrews, R.J., Basaraba, J., Fischer, L., et al. (2000). Hepatotoxicity of stanozolol in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217(5): 681-684.
Krasowski, M.D., Drees, D., Morris, C.S., Maakestad, J., Blau, J.L. and Ekins, S. (2014). Cross-reactivity of steroid hormone immunoassays: clinical significance and two-dimensional molecular similarity prediction. BMC Clinical Pathology, 14(33): 14-33.
Maddison, J., Page, S. and Church, D. (2002). Small animal clinical pharmacology. 1st Edn., London, UK, Harcourt Publishers, W. B. Saunders Co., pp: 106-339.
Mohd Mutalip, S.S., Surindar Singh, G.K., Mohd Shah, A., Mohamad, M., Mani, V. and Hussin, S.N. (2013). Histological changes in testes of rats treated with testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(8): 653-658.
Nunez-faver, R., Bonaura, M.C., Tittarelli, C.M., Mansilla-Hermann, D., De la Sota, R.L. and Stornelli, M.A. (2012). Effect of Natural Photoperiod on Epididymal Sperm Quality and Testosterone Serum Concentration in Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus). Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(6): 232-234.
Olson, M.E., Morck, D.W. and Quinn, K.B. (2000). The effect of stanozolol on 15 nitrogen retention in the dog. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(4): 246-248.
Pechereau, D., Martel, P. and Braun, J.P. (1997). Plasma erythropoietin concentrations in dogs and cats: reference values and changes with anemia and/or chronic renal failure. Research in Veterinary Science, 62(2): 185-188.
Perry, P.J., Lund, B.C., Deninger, M.J., Kutscher, E.C. and Schneider, J. (2005). Anabolic steroid use in weightlifters and bodybuilders. An internet survey of drug utilization. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(5): 326-330.
Polzin, D.J. (2010). Chronic kidney disease. In: Ettinger S.J. and Feldman E. C. editors. 7th ed., Vol. 2, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. St. Louis, Missouri, W. B. Saunders Co., pp: 1990-2021.
Pomara, C., Barone, R., Gammazza, A.A.M., Sangiorgi, C., Barone, F., Pitruzzella, A., et al. (2016). Effects of Nandrolone Stimulation on Testosterone Biosynthesis in Leydig Cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 231(6): 1385-1391.
Tahtamouni, L.H., Mustafa, N.H., Hassan, I.M., Ahmad, I.M., Yasin, S.R. and Abdalla, M.Y. (2010). Nandrolone Decanoate Administration to Male Rats Induces Oxidative Stress, Seminiferous Tubules Abnormalities, and Sperm DNA Fragmentation. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4): 165-174.
Tylicki, A., Kawalko, A., Sokolska, J. and Strumilo, S. (2007). Effect of anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on the properties of certain enzymes in the heart, liver, and muscle of rats, and their effect on rats' cardiac electrophysiology. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 39(4): 268-272.
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Bachman, E., Travison, T.G., Basaria, S., Davda, M.N., Guo, W., Li, M., et al. (2014). Testosterone induces erythrocytosis via increased erythropoietin and suppressed hepcidin: evidence for a new erythropoietin/hemoglobin set point. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(6): 725-735.
Berning, J.M., Adams, K.J. and Stamford, B.A. (2004). Anabolic steroid usage in athletics: Facts, fiction, and public relations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4): 908-917.
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L. and Storer, T.W. (2001). Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. Journal of Endocrinology, 170(1): 27-38.
Carrero, J.J., Barany, P., Yilmaz, M.I., Qureshi, A.R., Sonmez, A., Heimburger, O., et al. (2012). Testosterone deficiency is a cause of anemia and reduced responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in men with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 27(2): 709-715.
Cook, S.M. and Lothrop, C.D. (1994). Serum erythropoietin concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay in normal, polycythemic, and anemic dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 8(1): 18-25.
Delgado, J., Saborido, A. and Megias, A. (2010). Prolonged treatment with the anabolic-androgenic steroid stanozolol increases antioxidant defences in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 66(1): 63-71.
Etienne, C. (2007). Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and cats. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, pp: 1495-1496.
Faghihi, S.M. and Gandomi Sani, H.R. (2013). Veterinary Pharmacy. 3rd ed., Tehran University Press, pp: 484-485. [In Persian]
Foresta, C., Mioni, R., Bordon, P., Miotto, D., Montini, G. and Varotto, A. (1994). Erythropoietin stimulates testosterone production in man. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 78(3): 753-756.
Hoffman, J.R. and Ratamess, N.A. (2006). Medical issues associated with anabolic steroid use: Are they exaggerated? Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5(2): 182-193.
Jannatifar, R., Shokri, S., Farrokhi, A. and Nejatbakhsh, R. (2015). Effect of supraphysiological dose of Nandrolone Decanoate on the testis and testosterone concentration in mature and immature male rats: A time course study. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 13(12): 779-786.
Johnstone, I.P., Bancroft, B.J. and McFarlane, J.R. (1984). Testosterone and androstenedione profiles in the blood of domestic tom-cats. Animal Reproduction Science, 7(4): 363-375.
Kenneth, R., Harkin, L.A., Cowan, G.A., Andrews, R.J., Basaraba, J., Fischer, L., et al. (2000). Hepatotoxicity of stanozolol in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217(5): 681-684.
Krasowski, M.D., Drees, D., Morris, C.S., Maakestad, J., Blau, J.L. and Ekins, S. (2014). Cross-reactivity of steroid hormone immunoassays: clinical significance and two-dimensional molecular similarity prediction. BMC Clinical Pathology, 14(33): 14-33.
Maddison, J., Page, S. and Church, D. (2002). Small animal clinical pharmacology. 1st Edn., London, UK, Harcourt Publishers, W. B. Saunders Co., pp: 106-339.
Mohd Mutalip, S.S., Surindar Singh, G.K., Mohd Shah, A., Mohamad, M., Mani, V. and Hussin, S.N. (2013). Histological changes in testes of rats treated with testosterone, nandrolone, and stanozolol. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(8): 653-658.
Nunez-faver, R., Bonaura, M.C., Tittarelli, C.M., Mansilla-Hermann, D., De la Sota, R.L. and Stornelli, M.A. (2012). Effect of Natural Photoperiod on Epididymal Sperm Quality and Testosterone Serum Concentration in Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus). Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(6): 232-234.
Olson, M.E., Morck, D.W. and Quinn, K.B. (2000). The effect of stanozolol on 15 nitrogen retention in the dog. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(4): 246-248.
Pechereau, D., Martel, P. and Braun, J.P. (1997). Plasma erythropoietin concentrations in dogs and cats: reference values and changes with anemia and/or chronic renal failure. Research in Veterinary Science, 62(2): 185-188.
Perry, P.J., Lund, B.C., Deninger, M.J., Kutscher, E.C. and Schneider, J. (2005). Anabolic steroid use in weightlifters and bodybuilders. An internet survey of drug utilization. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(5): 326-330.
Polzin, D.J. (2010). Chronic kidney disease. In: Ettinger S.J. and Feldman E. C. editors. 7th ed., Vol. 2, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. St. Louis, Missouri, W. B. Saunders Co., pp: 1990-2021.
Pomara, C., Barone, R., Gammazza, A.A.M., Sangiorgi, C., Barone, F., Pitruzzella, A., et al. (2016). Effects of Nandrolone Stimulation on Testosterone Biosynthesis in Leydig Cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 231(6): 1385-1391.
Tahtamouni, L.H., Mustafa, N.H., Hassan, I.M., Ahmad, I.M., Yasin, S.R. and Abdalla, M.Y. (2010). Nandrolone Decanoate Administration to Male Rats Induces Oxidative Stress, Seminiferous Tubules Abnormalities, and Sperm DNA Fragmentation. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(4): 165-174.
Tylicki, A., Kawalko, A., Sokolska, J. and Strumilo, S. (2007). Effect of anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on the properties of certain enzymes in the heart, liver, and muscle of rats, and their effect on rats' cardiac electrophysiology. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 39(4): 268-272.
