Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in female Markhoz goats of Saqqez district, Kurdistan

Subject Areas : Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research(JLACSR)

Ghazaaleh Adhami ¹ , Aram Parvizi ²

1 - Islamic Azad University
2 - Graduate, sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

Received: 2021-03-04 Accepted : 2021-11-16 Published : 2021-11-22

Keywords: Prevalence, Kurdistan, Markhoz goats, Elisa, Toxoplasma gondii,

Abstract :

Background & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption of its raw or half-cooked meat is a major risk factor for infection with Toxoplasma. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Markhoz goats of Saqqez City of Kurdistan province in western Iran.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we utilized 188 serum specimens ( 144 serum samples belonging to goats with a history of abortion and 44 samples belonging to goats without a history of abortion ) for the evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by ELISA. 38 samples out of 188 serum specimens in the study were positive for Toxoplasma gondii using ELISA, and the infection rate of the goats was 20.2%.Results: Two (3.57%) out of 56 Markhoz goats under 2 years of age were positive for Toxoplasma infection and 36 (27.27%) out of 132 Markhoz goats over two years of age were positive for the infection. The statistical examination indicated significant relationships between the pollution and age groups (p<0.05). 36 (25%) out of 144 Markhoz goats with a history of abortion were positive for Toxoplasma infection, and 2 (4.54%) out of 44 goats without a history of abortion were positive for the infection. The statistical studies indicated a significant correlation between the rates of infection and abortion (p<0.05).Conclusion: Given the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Markhoz goats, we suggest providing information about prevention and control, refraining from eating uncooked or undercooked meat, and performing molecular studies.

References:

 

Alvarado-Esquivel C. Silva-Aguilar D. Villena I. Dubey J.P. (2013). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in Michoacán State, Mexico. Journal of Parasitology. 99(3): 540-542.

Akhoundi S. Youssefi M.R. (2017). Seroprevalence of sheep toxoplasmosis in north of Iran. Trakia Journal of Sciences. 15(1): 79-82.

Alexander J. Stimson W. H. (1988). Sex hormones and the course of parasitic infection. Parasitology Today. 4(7), 189-193.‏

AL-Hatami A.O. AL-Kardhi I.K. May A. (2018). Prevalence of seropositive toxoplasma cases in association with the frequency of abortion in sheep and goat. Kufa Journal for Veterinary Medical Sciences. 9(1):1-10.

Arko-Mensah J. Bosompem K.M Canacoo E.A. Wastling J.M. Akanmori B.D. (2000) The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pigs in Ghana. Acta Tropica. 76(1): 27-31.

Asgari Q. Sarkari B. Amerinia M. Panahi S. Mohammadpour I. SadeghiSarvestani A. (2012). Toxoplasma Infection in farm animals: aseroepidemiological survey in Fars province. south of Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 6(3):269–272.

Asgari Q. Mehrabani D. Moazzeni M. Akrami-Mohajeri F. Kalantari M. Hatam G.R. (2009). The seroprevalence of ovine toxoplasmosis inFars Province, southern Iran. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 4(6):332–336.

Atail H.B.M. Ibrahaem H.H. Shuaib Y.A. Mohamed A.K. Suliman S.E. Idris S.H. Abdalla M.A. (2017). Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in El-Gadarif state. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 4(2): 207-213.

Bachan M. Deb A.R. Maharana B.R. Sudhakar N.R. Sudan V. Saravanan B.C. Tewari A.K. (2018). High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats in Jharkhand state of India. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports. 12: 61-68.

Bahreyni M. Fasihi H.M. Beygi Z.M. Kamyabi H. Zia A.N. (2008). Risk factors analysis associated with seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southeastern Iran Using Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 3: 38-43.

Bamba S. Bazi&e W.W. Lingani M. Sourabi&e Y. Sombi&e I. Ndiaye J.L.,Tarnagda Z.E. (2017). Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughtered pigs, cattle and goats for human consumption in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology. 9(8): 106-110.

Cavalcante A.C.R., Carneiro M. Gouveia A.M.G. Pinheiro R.R. Vitor R.W.A. (2008). Risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii in herds of goats in Ceará, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 60(1): 36-41.

Chaechi Nosrati M.R. Shemshadi B. Shayan P. Ranjbar Bahadory S. Eslami A. (2020). Serological determination of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep (Ovis aries) in Gilan province. North of Iran. Archives of Razi Institute. 1: 1-10.

Chikweto A, Kumthekar S, Tiwari K, Nyack B,  Deokar MS,  Stratton  G,  Dubey  JP. (2011) Seroprevalence  of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle from Grenada  and  Carriacou, West Indies.  Journal  of  Parasitology. 97(5):950-951.

Cook, A. J. C., Holliman, R., Gilbert, R. E., Buffolano, W., Zufferey, J., Petersen, E., ... & Dunn, D. T. (2000). Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control studyCommentary: Congenital toxoplasmosis—further thought for food. Bmj, 321(7254), 142-147.‏

Deyhimi M.S. Yousefidarani H. Soleimanifard S. (2019). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle and Sheep in Isfahan, Iran. International Journal of Epidemiologic Research. 6(3):128-131.

Dubey J. P. Adams D. S. (1990). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy goats from 1982 to 1984. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 196(2):295-296.‏

Dubey, J. P. (2009). Toxoplasmosis in sheep—the last 20 years. Veterinary parasitology, 163(1-2), 1-14.‏

Ettinger, S. J., Feldman, E. C., & Cote, E. (2017). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine-eBook. Elsevier health sciences.‏21-42.

Ettinger, S. J., Feldman, E. C., & Cote, E. (2017). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine-eBook. Elsevier health sciences.‏2140-2144.

Ghazaei C. (2006). Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. African journal of health sciences. 12(3): 114-117.

Gos M.L. Manazza J.A. Späth E.J. Pardini L. Fiorentino M.A. Unzaga J.M. Moré G. Venturini M.C. (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in goats from two Argentinean provinces. Open veterinary journal. 7(4): 319-322.

Hashemi-Fesharki R. (1996). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, sheep and goats in Iran. Veterinary Parasitology. 61(1-2):1–3.

Hashemzadeh-farhang H. Nozari N. Moazeni F. (2011). Serologic surveyof Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Tabriz with Elisa, Iran. Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Science. 4:753–757

Havakhah Y. Esmaeili Rastaghi A.R. Amiri S. Babaie J. Aghighi Z. Golkar M. (2014). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in three counties of Gilan Province, North of Iran the more humid climate the higher prevalence. Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2(2):80-83.

Hoghooghi-Rad N. Afraa M. (1993). Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans and domestic animals in Ahwaz, capital of Khoozestan province, south-west Iran. Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene. 96(3):163–168.

Jittapalapong S. Sangvaranond A. Pinyopanuwat N. Chimnoi W. Khachaeram W. Koizumi S. Maruyama S. (2005). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic goats in Satun Province. Thailand. Veterinary Parasitology. 127(1):17-22.

Kamani J. Mani A. U. Egwu G.O. (2010). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic sheep and goats in Borno state, Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 42(4):793-797‏.

Khan M.U. Rashid I. Akbar H. Islam S. Riaz F. Nabi H. Ashraf K. Singla L.D. (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in South Asian countries. Revue scientifique et technique. 36(3): 981-996.

Latifi M. Razmkabir M. (2019). Estimation of genetic trends for body weight traits in Markhoz goat at different ages. Spanish journal of agricultural research. 17(1):1-12.

Lopes A.P. Dubey J.P. Neto F. Rodrigues A. Martins T. Rodrigues M. Cardoso L. (2013). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from the North of Portugal for human consumption. Veterinary parasitology. 193(1-3):266-269.‏

Negash T. Tilahun G. Patton S. Prevot F. Dorchies P.H. (2004). Serological survey on toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Nazareth, Ethiopia. Revue de medicine veterinaire. 155:486-488.

Nematollahi A. Shahbazi P. Nosrati S. (2014). Serological Survey of Antibodies to Toxoplasma Gondii in Sheep in North-West of Iran. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2(9):2605-2608.

Opsteegh, M. (2011). Toxoplasma gondii in animal reservoirs and the environment. Utrecht University., 54.

Pereira-Bueno, J., Quintanilla-Gozalo, A., Pérez-Pérez, V., Alvarez-Garcıa, G., Collantes-Fernández, E., & Ortega-Mora, L. M. (2004). Evaluation of ovine abortion associated with Toxoplasma gondii in Spain by different diagnostic techniques. Veterinary Parasitology, 121(1-2), 33-43.‏

Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. W., & Constable, P. D. (2007). A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Veterinary medicine, 10, 2045-2050.‏

Raeghi S. Akaberi A. Sedeghi S. (2011). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, cattle and horses in Urmia North-West of Iran. Iranian journal of parasitology. 6(4):90-94.

Ragozo A.M.A. Yai L.E.O. Oliveira L.N. Dias R.A. Goncalves H.C. Azevedo S.S. Gennari S.M. (2009). Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from goats from Brazil. Journal of Parasitology. 95(2):323-326.‏

Rostami A. Seyyedtabaei S.J. Aghamolaie S. Behniafar H. Lasjerdi Z. Abdolrasouli A. Mehravar S. Alvarado-Esquivel C. (2016). Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection among rural communities in northern Iran. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 22: 58-70.

Rouatbi M. Amairia S. Amdouni Y. Boussaadoun M.A. Ayadi O. Al-Hosary A.A.T. Rekik M. Abdallah R.B. Aoun K. Darghouth M.A. Wieland B. (2019). Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review. Parasite. 26:6-11.

Sharif, M., Sarvi, S., Shokri, A., Teshnizi, S. H., Rahimi, M. T., Mizani, A., ... & Daryani, A. (2015). Toxoplasma gondii infection among sheep and goats in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology research, 114(1), 1-16.‏

Sroka J. Kusyk P. Bilska-Zając E. Karamon J. Dutkiewicz J. Wójcik-Fatla A. Zając V. Stojecki K. Różycki M. Cencek T. (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from the south-west region of Poland and the detection of T. gondii DNA in goat milk. Folia Parasitologica. 64:1-11.

Tasawar, Z., Lashari, M. H., Hanif, M., & Hayat, C. S. (2011). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic goats in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci, 9, 24-7.‏

Teshale S. Dumetre A. Dardé M.L. Merga B. Dorchies P. (2007). Serological survey of caprine toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia: prevalence and risk factors. Parasite. 14(2):155-159.‏

Wang Y. Qin X. Chen Y. Xing J. Gao J. Qiu D. (2020). Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in the five northwestern provinces of China. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 72(1): 277-280.