Prevalence

Open Access Article

1 - Dirofilaria immitis occult infection and seropervalence in sheepdogs in Sarab (East Azerbaijan Province)
مجید خانمحمدی

Dirofilaria immitis is one of the circulatory system parasite of dogs and the effects ofcardiopulmonary severe in animal's causes, according to the zoonotic of this parasite and toverify the primary infection of Dirofilaria immitis in the Sarab district, a cross section More

Dirofilaria immitis is one of the circulatory system parasite of dogs and the effects ofcardiopulmonary severe in animal's causes, according to the zoonotic of this parasite and toverify the primary infection of Dirofilaria immitis in the Sarab district, a cross sectional studywere conducted on 384 sheepdogs. ELISA tested sera. Seropervalence rate 13.5% (52/384) wasreported. The highest seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in 4-6 years dog 21.7% (37/170) andlowest in 0-2 years dog 5.5% (7 /126) was reported. Seroprevalence in male dogs 14/3%(44/306) and in females was 10/ 2% (8/78). The highest infection rate of dogs in the Jaldabakhan village with 48.14% (13/27) and the lowest infection rate of dogs in the Asbfroshanvillage were with 2.8% (2/70). In the study between infection, sex, race, and how the dog keptwas not statistically significant relationship, but with increased age infection level were alsoincreased. Thirty-five dogs 0.5 to 7 years old from various villages of Sarab, and the researchdesign and euthanized in during visceral leishmaniasis studies. They were autopsied andexamined the hearts and lungs (especially pulmonary arteries) for the nematode. Rate of theinfection in the dogs was three cases (8.5%). Only seven adult male of Dirofilaria immitis wascollected from pulmonary artery and one adult male nematode in right ventricular of the dogs.That revealed Dirofilaria immitis occult infection (no present of the microfilariae in the blood)in the dog. The findings of this study Dirofilaria immitis infection in this area need for morecomprehensive review and control pollution will emphasize. Manuscript profile

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2 - Histopathological survey of trichomoniasis lesions in the infected turkey and pigeons in Zabol district
Samiee, A., Shariati, F., Nabavi, R., Davari, S.A. .

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and histopathological lesions comparison of trichomoniasis in the pigeons and turkeys. During this research (from March to August 2014) for detection of Trichomonas gallinae, a total of 300 wet swab samples wer More

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and histopathological lesions comparison of trichomoniasis in the pigeons and turkeys. During this research (from March to August 2014) for detection of Trichomonas gallinae, a total of 300 wet swab samples were collected from pigeon’s and turkey’s crops. Of the 150 pigeons, 72.7% (n =109) and 150 turkeys, 0.7% (n =1) were infected with T. gallinae. Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the prevalence of the disease in turkeys and pigeons (P <0.001). At necropsy in 6 infected pigeons (5.5%) caseous necrosis and grayish–yellow diphtheritic membranes were characterized in the mouth, esophagus, crop and proventriculus. In the infected turkey, pendulous crop and stench mouth were macroscopically noticeable. The disease in pigeons was more prominent and contained severe macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the oral cavity, esophagus, crop, gizzard and liver but in the turkey microscopic lesions were confined in the esophagus, crop and liver. Histopathologically, oval eosinophilic structures with basophilic nuclei, recognized as trichomonads, were pathognomonic in the liver of infected turkey. Gross and histopathological study revealed a lower prevalence and milder lesions of trichomoniasis comparatively in turkeys than in the pigeons. It was also noted that the prevalence of the contamination in pigeons of Sistan region is more significant than many parts of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Sero-prevalence of subclinical paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in dairy farms of Tehran-Iran using absorbed ELISA assay
Heidarnejhad, O., Safi, Sh., Mosavari, N., Keshavarz, R. .

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study w More

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical Johne's disease in dairy cattle herds of Tehran province, Iran.  Knowing the disease prevalence and its damages could have an important role to manage the disease in the farms involved. In the present study which was conducted in the years 1391 to 1393, 338 serum and fecal samples from cows older than 18 months, were obtained from 14 dairy farms in Tehran province, Iran. Antibodies against Johne's disease were assayed using PARACHEK2 absorbed ELISA kit (ParaCheck, Prionics AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Fecal culture and Nested-PCR assays were performed to confirm the disease. The prevalence of the disease determined by ELISA and culture were 9.5% (95% CI: 6.66 - 13.23) and 3.6% (95% CI: 1.69 - 7.27), respectively. Furthermore, the herd prevalence of the disease was calculated using culture as 28.6% (95% CI: 9.58- 57.99) and ELISA as 57.14% (95% CI: 29.65- 81.19). To evaluate the diagnostic value of the test, ELISA results were compared to bacterial fecal culture as the gold standard test. According to the obtained results, ELISA can be considered as a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis due to the convenient sampling, high speed and low price. It is suggested that precise control programs to be performed based on the prevalence of the disease in Tehran province. Manuscript profile

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4 - A comparative study on the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in physical education students and other students in Teacher Training Centers in Tehran
ملیحه مهرمنش

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems in women of reproductive age. About 80 percent of women experience moderate mood and body changes during premenstrual periods. Physical activity is one of the most suitable methods for the treat More

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems in women of reproductive age. About 80 percent of women experience moderate mood and body changes during premenstrual periods. Physical activity is one of the most suitable methods for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. If exercises can be used to treat or reduce the severity of premenstrual syndrome, because of the simple, low risk and low cost of exercise, and the lack of specific human facilities, exercise will be cost-effective, while medications will have fewer side effects. Does not have long-term control. Method This study was a comparative study conducted on 400 students. 200 physical education students were randomly selected and 200 non-physical education students were selected class- randomly. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data. The first part refers to individual information, and the second part shows the presence of premenstrual syndrome. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics of Chi-square, Fisher-mantel Haenszel. The proportion of premenstrual syndrome in physical education students was lower than that of non-physical education students. Results There was a meaningful relationship between the ratio of affliction to PMS and age (p<0/008).academic semester (p<0/00001) and record of sports exercise (p=0/00047) among physical education students. In order words, among this class of students, the ratio of affliction diminishes with the increase in terms, age and semester. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Varroosis in honey bee colonies in Kerman province, southeastern Iran
Amin Ahmadi مهدی Borhani سعید norolahifard زهرا shamsodini Z. mosadegh ardakani

Varroa spp. is an important ectoparasite in the honey bee that is distributed worldwide and it may cause to decrease in the population in the honey bee colonies. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of seasonal distribution of Varroa mite in apiaries of K More

Varroa spp. is an important ectoparasite in the honey bee that is distributed worldwide and it may cause to decrease in the population in the honey bee colonies. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of seasonal distribution of Varroa mite in apiaries of Kerman province from 2017-to 2018. 1500 hives were sampled randomly in different apiaries in the Kerman province. Detection of   Varroa spp. infestation in adults honey bees was conducted by Ether wash. The prevalence of Varroa spp infestation in apiaries was 32.9%. The highest frequency of infection in winter was determined as 46.6% and the lowest infection rate was found in spring (24%). The highest and lowest mean density rate of infestation were 33% and 17%.  Regarding the rate of prevalence of Varroa spp in the apiaries of Kerman province, it needs to have a regular control program in order to decrease the rate of infestation in this region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Prevalence of addiction to tramadol and methadone and its complications in women - a review study
Khadijeh saravani Bahman Fouladi Leli Rezaie Kahkhaie Mohaddith Del Pisheh

10.30495/qafj.2022.1965871.1037

Introduction: Tramadol and methadone are synthetic opioid drugs that are widely used in various fields today to reduce pain, on the other hand, excessive use of these drugs causes addiction and poisoning in users. Knowing the complications and symptoms of poisoning of t More

Introduction: Tramadol and methadone are synthetic opioid drugs that are widely used in various fields today to reduce pain, on the other hand, excessive use of these drugs causes addiction and poisoning in users. Knowing the complications and symptoms of poisoning of these drugs, along with the prevalence of their consumption, can be used to take the necessary measures to limit arbitrary consumption and prevent poisoning in consumers, especially in women who form the foundation of society and family. It can be helpful.Materials and methods: This article is a systematic review to investigate the prevalence of tramadol and methadone use and the side effects of long-term use in women. In this research, the search was conducted in SID, MagIran, Pubmed, Medline and Google Scholar electronic databases and due to the large volume of study articles, it was limited to the years 2000 to 2022.Results and conclusions: By summarizing the findings of the studies, tramadol and methadone drugs are used by a wide range of people with different demographic conditions. The statistics of addiction in young people and the complications caused by women's addiction are far more than other groups. Considering the current conditions, it is necessary to be aware of the potential dangers of these two drugs and monitor their distribution and administration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Study of Herpes Simplex 1 and 2 and Cytomegalovirus Viruses in Patients with Alzheimer Disease
Sepideh Khodamoradi Mohammad Hassan Shahhosseiny Taher Mohammadian Atousa Ferdousi

Different environmental factors, such as infection have cause Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that Herpes simplex 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus viruses have relations with Alzheimer disease. Human cytomegalovirus viruses (CMV) induces infection in central nervous More

Different environmental factors, such as infection have cause Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that Herpes simplex 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus viruses have relations with Alzheimer disease. Human cytomegalovirus viruses (CMV) induces infection in central nervous system. It is need a study investigating the relation between different viruses with Alzheimer. The current study, investigates the relation between different viruses Alzheimer. In this study, 100 patients with Alzheimer were studied and blood samples were collected (1.5 ml per patient). Following extraction of viral DNA, the samples were investigated by PCR method. The data for peoples with positive PCR were analyzed by Kruska-Walis test of SPSS software (version 23). The prevalence of CMV, HSV2 and HSV1 was observed in 27, 8 and 4 people that means 27%, 8% and 4%. These results suggest that CMV infection is associated to increased risk of AD and a quick rate of cognitive decline in elderly populations. In sum, all the studied viruses were identified, but cytomegalovirus virus had higher frequency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Epidemiological study of human Cryptosporidiosis in Varamin area
seyed mousareza mohammadi

Cryptosporidiosis is a wide spread cause of diarrhea disease of humans and many mammals caused by infection of intestinal epithelial cells with protozoan agent Cryptosporidium. This study was designed to evaluate epidemiological prevalence of the human cryptosporidiosis More

Cryptosporidiosis is a wide spread cause of diarrhea disease of humans and many mammals caused by infection of intestinal epithelial cells with protozoan agent Cryptosporidium. This study was designed to evaluate epidemiological prevalence of the human cryptosporidiosis of Varamin area in 2012-2013. The study population comprised 930 human with diarrhea. During the 12 months a total of 930 human fecal samples were collected and one portion of each sample was stored at 4°C and the remaining was stored in potassium dichromate solution until processing. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified by using formalin detergent concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. The infection rate was  %5.17 in age group 1-10 years , %3.74 in 11-20 years , %4.14 in 21-30 years , %3.41 in 31-40 years, %2.43 in 41-50 years and %1.28 in 51-60 years. In this study a correlation was observed between cryptosporidial infection with human age that a statistically significant difference found between age and prevalence of crytosporidiosis. Because Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonosis infection, the prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis detected in this study suggested that the close interaction between livestock and human in Varamin rural areas may play a role in crytosporidiosis transmission to human.   Manuscript profile

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9 - The study of the Prevalence of behavior disorder and its association with parental education elementary students in the city of Karaj
Mahmoud Borjali Mahmoud Najafi Gholamreza Dehshir

                The Purpose of Present research was to study Prevalence of behavior disorders in primary school students in the city of Karaj. This method is described And statistical population More

                The Purpose of Present research was to study Prevalence of behavior disorders in primary school students in the city of Karaj. This method is described And statistical population consisted of all the students in the academic year 2008-2009 Karaj Branch were enrolled in public schools, The 600 boys and girls from elementary schools in Karaj, were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method. Questionnaire used in CSI-4 (parent form), respectively. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient using 0/92, respectively. The results of data analysis showed that the prevalence of behavioral disorders, 13/7 patients. It was also found that the prevalence is higher in boys than girls. Behavioral disorders were the most common: Hyperactivity-attention deficit (4%) and stubbornness -Defiance (3%). Between parental educations was significantly related to behavioral disorders. These results indicate that primary schools to prevent and treat medical disorders counseling services are needed. Manuscript profile

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10 - Prevalence of verbal and none verbal Learning Disability Among elementary children in Mashhad
Saeed taimory Nader baghery Ali mashhadi3

                The aim of this study was the Prevalence of Learning Disability Among children’s studying of elementary schools in Mashhad city. 780 subjects (390 girls, 390 boys) were sele More

                The aim of this study was the Prevalence of Learning Disability Among children’s studying of elementary schools in Mashhad city. 780 subjects (390 girls, 390 boys) were selected by cluster – quota multi stage sampling. For measure learning disabilities the pupil rating scale revised was employed. Data analyzed by chi 2 methods. Result showed:Prevalence of learning disability in elementary children is 18%; The frequencies of Learning Disability in boys are more than girls; In all of class’s grades frequency of Learning Disability in boys are more than girls; The frequencies of none verbal Learning Disability in boys and girls are more than verbal Learning Disability; The frequencies of none verbal Learning Disability in boys are more than girls. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) plerocercoids in Alburnoides eichwaldi from Alborz Dam reservoir: population dynamics and histopathological study
Abbas Bozorgnia

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of Ligula intestinalis infection in Alburnoides eichwaldi from the Alborz dam reservoir, and investigation the histopathology of infected organs. Accordingly, 36 fish samples were caught. After More

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of Ligula intestinalis infection in Alburnoides eichwaldi from the Alborz dam reservoir, and investigation the histopathology of infected organs. Accordingly, 36 fish samples were caught. After being anesthetized, the biometric indices of fish samples were measured and examined for parasites. The tissue samples of gonads, kidney, liver and intestine were taken from parasite-infected fish to examine pathologically. Excel software was used to draw graphs and basic statistical calculations, and SPSS software version 26 was used to perform analyzes and compare means. The findings of statistical analysis indicated that the mean prevalence of Ligula intestinalis infection was 75% and the mean intensity was 0.95±0.7. Also, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the total length of the fish and the total number of plerocercoid larvae found in each fish. Also, the linear regression analysis between the net weight of fish and the mean intensity of infection demonstrated a significant relationship (p<0.05) between the variables. The histopathological survey revealed that the physical pressures caused by plerocercoid larvae induced the oocyte envelope to rupture and degenerate the component of oocytes, while in the testis led to the loss of structural organization and the reduction of spermatids and spermatozoa inside the seminiferous tubes. Also, plerocercoid larvae cause vacuolar degeneration, edema, and cell infiltration in the liver along with hyperplasia of the bile ducts. Whereas, hyperplasia and destruction of the epithelial layer were seen in the intestine. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Study of the Seasonal and Geographical Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in milk of ruminants by nested-PCR
M. Alipour Amroabadi E. Rahimi A. Shakerian

10.30495/jfh.2020.583591.1206

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most dangerous common protozoan diseases between humans and animals that infect humans in various ways. Contact with the infected animal, consuming contaminated food, and transmitting from mother to fetus is the most important means of transm More

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most dangerous common protozoan diseases between humans and animals that infect humans in various ways. Contact with the infected animal, consuming contaminated food, and transmitting from mother to fetus is the most important means of transmission. Based on the recorded data, this study is the first report of Toxoplasma gondii in buffalo and camel milk in some parts of Iran. For this purpose, 440 raw milk samples of 5 species of animals were collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Khuzestan, and Fars provinces during four seasons and studied for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii by nested-PCR. The results showed that 26 (5.9%) of the samples were infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The highest infection was observed in sheep milk (8%) and the lowest in buffalo milk (4.28%). The seasonal prevalence of infection was in winter (11.43%), autumn (6.8%), and spring (5.03%), while none of the samples obtained in summer the parasite was not infected. Contamination of raw milk and traditional dairy products with Toxoplasma gondii can either occur directly from infected animals or as a result of non-compliance with the principles of hygiene during the process of milking, transportation, storage, and cross-contamination. Therefore, proper pre-consumption of milk is recommended. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian   //   TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile

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13 - Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea in cattle population of Golestan province by ELISA method
Aref Amanbaei Jalal Shayegh Mohammadreza Valilou Haniyeh Taghiyan

10.30495/jvcp.2023.1958515.1366

Bovine Viral Diarrhea is considered as one of the difficulties in industrial livestock whole world. If it went out of control, can causes significant economic losses. The eradication of the disease requires serological and molecular studies due to the presence of animal More

Bovine Viral Diarrhea is considered as one of the difficulties in industrial livestock whole world. If it went out of control, can causes significant economic losses. The eradication of the disease requires serological and molecular studies due to the presence of animals with persist infection. This study’s purpose is prevalence assessment of this disease in Golestan province. In order to do this, serum samples were taken from 200 cows (which) selected from industrial and traditional farms in 6 cities of the Golestan province randomly and they were tested for the presence of antibodies against BVDV by standard ELISA kits. The results showed that the prevalence of BVD antibodies in obtained serums is 22/92 percent. The most prevalence is related to the Bandar-e-Turkman county and the least prevalence is related to the Aliabad county. The prevalence of the disease in industrial farming system was more than traditional one (p<0.1) and there was a significant relationship between increasing age and number of claves with increasing antibody titer. Thus, the high serum prevalence of infection in farms in Golestan province refers to spread of pollution and economical importance of controlling the disease. Emphasis on changing the approach to livestock industrialization can help controlling the disease beside other preventive measures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Prevalence of external parasites of ornamental fish in Qazvin province
jaber davoudi shahrokh shirazi afshin Bahman-shabestari mohammad Farahi

   This study was done in order to determine the parasitic fauna of ornamental fish in Qazvin province during 6 months between winter to spring 2014. For this purpose, 240 dying fish from 12 ornamental fish farms were selected randomly and each sample was exam More

   This study was done in order to determine the parasitic fauna of ornamental fish in Qazvin province during 6 months between winter to spring 2014. For this purpose, 240 dying fish from 12 ornamental fish farms were selected randomly and each sample was examined for ectoparasites in parasitology laboratory overall 11 farms in winter and 12 farms in spring were infected by Ichthyophthirius, Chilodonella, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and Trichodina. There was a significant difference between the rate of infestation and the breed of fish. Ciclid was the most infested breed and Severum was the least infected. The highest infestation rate belongs to Ichthyophthirius and the lowest infestation rate belongs to Chilodonella (p<0.05) there was a significant correlation between the type of aquarium water source and infestation rate (p<0.05). Infection was higher where well water was used. There was a relationship between infection and water temperature which the highest infection rate observed at temperatures above 30 oC and the lowest at 25-28 oC . This is the first survey in Qazvin province and the results shows the infestation of ornamental fish with ectoparasites in this area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and cattle in Lorestan province
saeed hashemi

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan of  Toxoplasmagondii, that has not been examined in Lorestan yet; this study aimed at the prevalence rate of IgG in the domestic ruminants, based on the variable factores of species, sex and G More

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan of  Toxoplasmagondii, that has not been examined in Lorestan yet; this study aimed at the prevalence rate of IgG in the domestic ruminants, based on the variable factores of species, sex and Geographic region. Therefore, from October toFebruary 2012, 572 blood samples (174 Cattles and 398 sheep) were collected from the slaughterhouses of Khoramabad, Boroujerd and Aligoudarz. The serum samples of sheep, were examined by indirect ELISA method, and the result was calculated based on the ratio of the absorbancevalues of the samples to the positivecontrol, so that ≤30% as negative, and ≥50% was considered as positive.The Cattle serum samples,were examined via Indirect Immunoflourecence antibody test, and the Titer ≥ 1:16 was considered as positive. In this study, the IgG prevalence rate in cattles and sheep was 28.73% and 53.01% respectively, and the statistic analysis of the results, demonstrated that based on the sex and species, there was a considerable statistic difference, so the lowest infection rate was observed in cattle, and the most infection rate was observed in the sheep, The prevalence rate in females was higher than that in males but there was no significant difference geographically (P<0.05).In Lorestan similar to other areas of the country, there is a high frequency rate of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and because their meat is considered as an important source of protein, public information and training is essential for the prevention of disease.  Manuscript profile

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16 - Seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans infection in horses from some horse clubs in Tehran by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)
mohammadrahim Haji Hajikolaei alireza Nafisi Mozaffar samad Lotfollazadeh masoud Ghorbanpour gholamreza Abdollapour

   In order to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans infection in horses, blood samples were taken from 152 horses from 7 horse clubs in Tehran. Serum samples were examined using a microscopic agglutination test to detect the presence of antibo More

   In order to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans infection in horses, blood samples were taken from 152 horses from 7 horse clubs in Tehran. Serum samples were examined using a microscopic agglutination test to detect the presence of antibodies against five live serotypes of Leptospira interrogans (grippotyphosa, pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicula and hardjo). Of the tested samples, 23 horses (15/13%) were positive to one or more serotypes. Titer levels ranged from 1:100 to 1:200. Icterohaemorrhagiae (44/44%) was the most frequently detected serovar followed in descending order by gripotyphosa (29/62%), canicula (22/22%), pomona (3/7%) and serotype hardjo was negative. Statistical analysis using the chi-squared test showed there was no significant correlation differences between Leptospira interrogans infection and factors such as sex and age. The serum titers of infected horses ranged from 1:100 (n=19) to 1:200 (n=78). These results suggest that the icterohaemorrhagiae serovar may be the most prevalent serovar in the horse population Tehran. Manuscript profile

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17 - Evaluation of risk factors of prevalence of leptospirosis in sheep flocks
محسن Imandar علی Hassanpour GH.R Abdollahpour هادی Haghpanah

Leptospirosis  is  a  worldwide  bacterial  zoonoses  that  its  main  source  are  wild animals  and  rodents  That  leptospirals  excrete  in  their  urine. This  disea More

Leptospirosis  is  a  worldwide  bacterial  zoonoses  that  its  main  source  are  wild animals  and  rodents  That  leptospirals  excrete  in  their  urine. This  disease  causes  fever, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, abortion, mastitis, reduced  milk  production, reproductive  disorders  and  death  in  cattle, that  major  complications  in  sheep  are  abortion  and  pyelonephritis. The  purpose  of  this  study  is the  evaluation  of   risk  factors  for  leptospirosis  disease  and  its  association  with  high  prevalence  of  infection  in  the  sheep  flocks. Accordingly, 260 serum samples were collected from 20 flocks of  sheep. Then  with  microscopic  agglutination  test (MAT) using  6  live  antigen  Leptospira  interrogans  include  Pomona , canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, gryppotyphoza, ballum  and  hardjo  was  studied. MAT  test  results  of  the  serum  samples  showed  the  contamination  was  28.46%. Most  contamination  of  the  samples  was  allocated  to  sheep  who  lived  in  swampy  areas, so  that  70.28%  of  positive   samples  were  included. 56.25%  of  positive  samples  among  the  samples  showed  positive  reaction  with  serotype canicola. On the other hand, 76.56%  of  the  positive  samples  belonged  to  animals  which  in  their  environment, rodents   in  very  large  numbers  were  observed. The  sheep  that  kept  in moist  and  wet  environment  to  be  had  60%  of  positive  samples , and  finally  the  highest frequency  of  positive  animals  were  ranged  among  ages  3  to  6  years  old, the  incidence  of  the  disease  increased  in  older  animals. By  attention  to  the  results, increasing  of  age, living  in  swampy  and  wet  bed, being  infectious  dogs  in  side  of  flocks and  also  very  large  number  of  rodents  in  environment  are  of  the  most  important  causes  of  seroprevalense  of  leptospirosis.   Manuscript profile

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18 - Survey on serologic prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in males and females referred to centeral Medical Laboratory in the Mianeh city by Elisa method
جابر Davoodi محمد Sadagiyan افشین Bahman Shabestari سهراب Rasouli امین Khodadadi کمال Jafary

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of human parasitic are infections and other warm-blooded vertebrates, which has extensive worldwide distribution. The aim of this study served to determine the level of human toxoplasmosis infection Mianeh city 1389. In thi More

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of human parasitic are infections and other warm-blooded vertebrates, which has extensive worldwide distribution. The aim of this study served to determine the level of human toxoplasmosis infection Mianeh city 1389. In this cross - sectional study of 200 men and women admitted to city level laboratories in the mid 1389 randomly selected after completing a questionnaire, the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. The results by using Chi square test were statistically analyzed. Blood samples of 200 human are examined, about 73 samples, 36.5% have IgG antibodies and 14 samples, 7% had IgM antibodies to meet the 60 patients with chronic infections and 13 infections were acute or subacute toxoplasmosis. The results showed that between toxoplasmosis and education level, age, marital status and occupation of that statistical relationship exists between gender(p<0/05), but individuals, contact with cats, soil, half-cooked meat, how to wash vegetables and history of hospitalization there was no significant relationship(p>0/05). The results show high prevalence of Toxoplasma in the Mianeh is about the same prevalence of IgG and IgM positive shifter somewhat higher than rates reported in similar studies conducted in the northwest region. So consider the lack of population control programs of stray cats and the lack of appropriate health information sections of society, the need for constant monitoring of the disease, it seems necessary.   Manuscript profile

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19 - Survey of seroprevalence of Or‌nithobacterium Rhinotracheale infection in slaughtered broiler chickens in Maragheh,Eastern Azerbaijan-Iran
سامان Mahdavi مهدی Ghyami rad یوسف Mehmannavaz

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been known as a relatively recently discovered pathogenic bacterial agent in broiler and turkey flocks and it causes economic losses to the poultry industryannually. The purpose of this study was survey of seroprevalence of Or&sh More

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been known as a relatively recently discovered pathogenic bacterial agent in broiler and turkey flocks and it causes economic losses to the poultry industryannually. The purpose of this study was survey of seroprevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in slaughtered broiler chickens in slaughter house of Maragheh, eastern Azerbaijan-Iran. By referring to poultry  industrial  slaughter house of  Maragheh and recording the location of poultry house and the name of the city, a total of  270  blood samples were randomly taken from broiler flocks and then the samples were transferred to laboratory for gaining their sera. ELISA test was performed on sera. A total of  270 samples ( from 27 different flocks) were taken from poultry  industrial  slaughter house of  Maragheh, 10 serum samples( 3.7%) were positive , 29 serum samples (10.75%)  were suspect and 231 serum samples ( 85.55%) were negative. This seroprevalence is less than previous reports of other provinces in Iran.   Manuscript profile

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20 - Survey of risk factors for the prevalence of leptospiral infection in horses of Gonbad area
omid jaheddashliboroun ali hassanpour

Leptospirosis is a world-wide zoonotic infection occurring in animals and humans. Rodents and wild animals are a major source of infection. Clinical signs in animals include fever, heamoglubinuria, jaundice, abortion, mastitis, reduced milk production, reproductive fail More

Leptospirosis is a world-wide zoonotic infection occurring in animals and humans. Rodents and wild animals are a major source of infection. Clinical signs in animals include fever, heamoglubinuria, jaundice, abortion, mastitis, reduced milk production, reproductive failure and death with periodic ophthalmia, abortion and stillbirths being among its important signs in horses. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of leptospiral infection in horses of Gonbad area. This study was conducted on 200 horses in Gonbad area in Iran in order to determine seroprevalence of leptospiral infection. Sera were initially screened at dilution of 1:100 against 7 live serovars of Leptospira interrogans: Pomona, Canicola, Hardjo, Ballom, Icterohaemorrhagiae, AutomenalisandGrippotyphosausing themicroscopic agglutination test. The prevalence of leptospiral infection was 12% in horses. The majority of these infections were seen in horses that live in marsh and semi-marsh conditions and they accounted for 89% of positive samples. The highest number of reactors in horses (58.34%) wasdue toserovarCanicola and 33.34% of positive samples were seen in horses with many rodents living in their environment.66.67% of positive samples were seen in horses that were kept In moist and semi moist stables. The highest number of positive samples were seen in 3 to 6 years old animals, in other words prevalence of this disease is raised with increase of age. So according to the results, increasing age, living in marsh environment, moist stable presence of infected dogs and rodents, in environment are some of risks factors for prevalence of leptospiral infection Manuscript profile

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21 - Study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of vegetables and salads in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari province in Spring, 2017
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pa More

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province. In this study, 485 samples of vegetable and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Samples were evaluated by microbial culture and the isolated S. aureus strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rate of S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 16% and 11.91%, respectively. The highest (26.50%) and the lowest (6.72%) contamination rates were observed in Lordegan and Shahrekord cities. A Significant statistical difference was observed for the prevalence of S. aureus between vegetable and salad samples (P<0.05). S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples had the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (95.58%), tetracycline (88.23%), ampicillin (79.41%), erythromycin (72.05%) and methicillin (70.58%) antibiotics. The lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was reported against imipenem (7.35%), chloramphenicol (22.05%), cotrimoxazol (26.47%) and co-amxiclave (29.41%). Judicious prescription of antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion method can reduce the risk of resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad. Manuscript profile

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22 - Frequency of Listeria species contamination in raw meat of cattle collected from abattoirs and butcher shops of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary Province
S. Siavash Saei-Dehkordi

The contamination of foodstuffs with different bacteria such as Listeria spp, is important from the viewpoint of public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to check the presence and occurrence of Listeria species in cattle meats from abattoirs and butcher shops More

The contamination of foodstuffs with different bacteria such as Listeria spp, is important from the viewpoint of public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to check the presence and occurrence of Listeria species in cattle meats from abattoirs and butcher shops located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province. Two hundred and fifty-five of meat samples were collected. The total prevalence of Listeria spp. was equal to 12.94%.  The highest (16.4%) and the lowest (8%) prevalence of Listeria spp. was found in samples from Farrokhshar abattoir and Shahrekord butcher shops, respectively. Among the six species of Listeria, Listeria innocua was the most prevalent (7.4%) species; while Listeria seeligeri and Listeria ivanovii were the least prevalent (0.4%) species. The highest percentage of prevalence (6.7%) of Listeria monocytogenes was detected in meat samples from the Hafshejan butcher shops. In the current study, none of the samples was contaminated by Listeria welshimeri. Of the ten isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, the most prevalent (40%) serotypes were 1/2a and 4b. In addition, the prevalence of serotype 1/2b was 20%. The results indicated that, due to the presence of Listeria contamination, improvement of sanitation principles in abattoirs and butcher shops is a guarantee of public health safety. Manuscript profile

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23 - Prevalence and Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw milk samples
Seyed Mohammad Hossein Hojjat Mohammadhossein Marhamatizadeh

10.30495/jfm.2022.1953544.1768

Despite the high importance of Helicobacter pylori, the main source of the bacterium and the habits of its transmission to human populations have not been determined yet. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori st More

Despite the high importance of Helicobacter pylori, the main source of the bacterium and the habits of its transmission to human populations have not been determined yet. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw milk samples. A total of 180 raw bovine, ovine and caprine milk samples were randomly collected from Fars province. The presence of Helicobacter pylori in raw milk samples were was studied using the microbial culture. Genomic DNA was extracted from Helicobacter pylori isolates and the frequency of VacA, CagA, IceA and OipA genotypes was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. In total, 53 out of 180 (29.44%) raw milk samples were contaminated with Helicobacter pylori. The prevalence of contamination in raw milk samples of bovine, ovine and caprine was 20, 38.33 and 30%, respectively. VacA s1a (69.71%), m1a (67.92%), s2 (62.26%) and m2 (58.49%) and cagA (50.94%) were the most abundant detected genotypes. The rarest detected genotypes were VacA s1c (7.54%), s1b (16.98%), m1b (18.86%) and iceA2 (7.54%), respectively. S1am1a (39.62%), s2m1a (32.07%), s1am2 (28.30%) and s2m2 (26.41%) were the most commonly detected combined genotypes. Raw milk, especially raw sheep milk, was considered as a carrier for transmission of virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori. The similarity in the genotyping pattern of the isolates probably indicates the similarity in the source of infection of the samples with Helicobacter pylori. Manuscript profile

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24 - Calculation of Inbreeding Depression Effects on Subclinical Mastitis Using Three Different Models
س. نقشینه س.ع. رافت غ.ع. مقدم م. ابراهیمی ج. شجاع

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25 - The Prevalence of Non Verbal Learning Disorder in Female Students
Maryam Yousefi Masoume Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi Enayatollah Bakhshi

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonverbal learning disorders in female students. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. Participants comprised 354 female students from fourth, fifth, and sixth grades in elementary schools in Karaj and w More

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonverbal learning disorders in female students. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. Participants comprised 354 female students from fourth, fifth, and sixth grades in elementary schools in Karaj and were selected by stratified random sampling using the Children Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale (Goldstein, 2002). 13 students who got ≥30 points on the Scale were diagnosed at-risk to a nonverbal learning disorder. Then, they answered to Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd revision (Woolger, 2001). 3 students were diagnosed as having a nonverbal learning disorder according to their total intelligence quotient equals to ≥85, ≥10 point difference between their verbal intelligence quotient and practical intelligence quotient. Data were analyzed by The Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicated that 0.85% of female students had a nonverbal learning disorder. The findings suggested that regarding the almost high prevalence of nonverbal learning disorders in elementary students, we can accomplish early intervention programs to prevent their academic, behavioral, and occupational problems in the future. Manuscript profile

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26 - High school students playing computer games
Korosh Amini Abdollah Amini Mokhtar Yaghobi Daryoush Amini

The present research aimed to determine the prevalence of computer games as a pastime amongst adolescents in the province of Zanjan, Iran. 1,500 students from 18 high-schools (750 girls, 750 boys) completed the researcher devised questionnaire consisting of a demographi More

The present research aimed to determine the prevalence of computer games as a pastime amongst adolescents in the province of Zanjan, Iran. 1,500 students from 18 high-schools (750 girls, 750 boys) completed the researcher devised questionnaire consisting of a demographic questions and questions asking if participants played computer games and the amount of time spent playing. Findings showed that 53% of the participants were computer game players, and 43% spent more than three hours per week playing games. Boys played games more (68%) than did girls (39%). Playing computer games was most prevalent among freshmen (63%), followed by sophmores (54%), juniors (57%) and seniors (50%). Students in urban areas played more (62%) than those living in rural areas (35%). Research findings were compared to those of similar studies in other countries. Manuscript profile

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27 - Rracrastination in collegw students
Mojtaba Tamadoni

The distribution of procrastination in students studying at Tehran state and private (Islamic Azad) universities was examined. A sample of 1202 females and 770 males with an average age of 22, answered the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (1991). The results illustrated th More

The distribution of procrastination in students studying at Tehran state and private (Islamic Azad) universities was examined. A sample of 1202 females and 770 males with an average age of 22, answered the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (1991). The results illustrated that procrastination among 54.6% of students was above average (M=69.2, SD=11.3). The significant negative skewness of distribution of procrastination in females (-0.11, P<0.05) and private universities’ students (-0.66, P<0.05) indicated that these two groups reported higher levels of procrastination behavior than the male students in state universities. The findings were discussed based on the structural and qualitative differences between state and private universities in Iran.      Manuscript profile

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28 - Investigation of the prevalence and intesity of parasitic infection in Rhodeus sericeus amarus of the Zardi River (Mazandaran)
M. Taghavi B. Mokhayer A.A. Saeedi S.H. Mosavi

A total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus  sericeus amarus  are  caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the More

A total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus  sericeus amarus  are  caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory of Shahid Rajaee site. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed.The eye ,skin,gill,digestive system,muscle and the other organism´s of the specimens were examined for parasite infestation. Six parasites species were identified.These parasites are as following:  Trichodina sp. from skin and branchia, Dactylogyrus sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and branchia, Diplostomum spathaceum from eye s, Postodiplostomum sp. from skin, Capillaria amurensis from intestine were found in the Rhodeus  sericeus amarus  of Zardi River.The most prevalent parasite was Trichodina sp. (49/15%) and the least was Diplostomum spathaceum(13/55%) Manuscript profile

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29 - Prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection from (Leuciscus cephalus) and ( Capoeta capoeta gracilis) of the Neka River
M. H. Gholami B. Mokhayer A. Bozorgnia H. Hosseinzadeh Sahafi

A total of 200 specimen of two fish species from NekaRiver in the winter and summer, 2009 of two differnt stations were caught by castnet. The fishes were transported alive to laberatory of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. They killed by cutting their spinal cord More

A total of 200 specimen of two fish species from NekaRiver in the winter and summer, 2009 of two differnt stations were caught by castnet. The fishes were transported alive to laberatory of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed. We found one protozoan species, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on the branchia of Cacasian (Leuciscus cephalus) and Lenkoran (Capoeta capoeta gracilis). The isolated metazoan parasites are Dactylogyrus sp. and Diplozoon sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and the nematod Raphidascaris acus from intestine of the mentioned fishes. In this study, 39.58% of Cacasian and 45.19% of Lenkoran were infected with protozoan and metazoan parasites. Dactylogyrus sp. has the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection of these fishes. According to the library investigations, Diplozoone sp. is recorded for the first time from cacasian, of  Iran. Manuscript profile

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30 - Prevalence of Medicinal Herbs Use during Pregnancy in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fatemeh Heydarpour Sousan Heydarpour Fatemeh Dehghan Masoud Mohammadi Mohammad Hosein Farzaei

10.22034/jchr.2020.1890228.1084

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31 - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Traditional Ice Cream in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Nasim Ansari Razzagh Mahmoudi Mehdi Yaseri Omid Khosravizadeh Nabi Shariatifar Saeed Shahsavari

10.22034/jchr.2022.1915266.1222

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32 - Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Its Effect on the Levels of Dopamine and Adrenaline in Humans
Zahraa K. Mijbel Hussain A. Mhouse Alsaady

10.22034/jchr.2022.697643

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33 - Comparison of the prevalence and mechanism of sports injuries among elite male basketball players
Mohammad Hasan Kordi Ashkezari Abuzar Saadatian

10.30486/epp.2023.1985313.1015

Background: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The ai More

Background: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sport injuries.Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a retrospective method and utilized a questionnaire on basketball injuries as documented by Marcus et al. The study surveyed 82 players from the Premier League and Division I, belonging to the 1401 basketball season. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test (c2). Results: The results of the study showed that the frequency of injuries in the lower extremities (75%) was significantly higher than in the other parts of the body (p = 0.001, c2 = 94.46). In the lower limbs, knees and wrists had the highest injury rates (48.7%, and 46.2%, respectively) (p = 0.001, c2 = 41.49). Conversely, in the upper limb, shoulder had the highest injury rate (50%) though the difference was not significant (p = 0.26, c2 = 2.62). The mechanism of occurrence of damage was related to landing (44.2%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.001, c2 = 58.53).Conclusion: The majority of injuries among basketball players affect the lower extremities, particularly the knees and ankles, likely due to frequent jumping and rapid movements during the game. Manuscript profile

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34 - Serological Survey of Avian Influenza virus H5, H7 and H9 subtypes in Live Birds Markets of Ardabil city in Iran
Aidin Azizpour

Influenza is one of the most important infectious viral diseases of birds, which causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry of countries every year and it is very important in terms of public health viewpoint. Different species of birds as reservoirs and vector More

Influenza is one of the most important infectious viral diseases of birds, which causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry of countries every year and it is very important in terms of public health viewpoint. Different species of birds as reservoirs and vectors can cause spread the virus to other poultry, especially industrial poultry and humane societies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey seroprevalence of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus in live bird’s markets of Ardabil city, northwest of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August of 2023. In this study, 108 blood serum samples were randomly collected from different bird species in live bird’s markets at different regions of Ardabil. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed on the serum samples to detect H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of influenza virus and sera with titers ≥4 (log2) were considered positive. Out of 108 birds sampled, 20 birds (18.9%) were sero-positive for H9N2 subtype of influenza virus. All tested sera were negative for H5N1, H5N2, H7N1 and H7N7 avian influenza viruses. Among bird species, the highest seroprevalence H9N2 virus was in chicken (25%) and turkey (22.7%), respectively and the lowest seroprevalence was in pheasant and partridge (0 %), respectively. The results of this study show seroprevalence of H9N2 influenza virus and its circulation in different species of birds of live birds markets. Manuscript profile

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35 - بررسی فراوانی آنتی بادی ضد هرپس سیمپلکس ویروس نوع II در زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان 22 بهمن و آریا در سال 92-93
Fatemeh Habibi Sima Afshar Nejad Nooshin Baba pour Malihe Moein Jowzan

Background: In many countries, infections due to HSV are as endemic.The number of people who have antibodies against the virus is differentand has mainly depended on the studied groups. High prevalence of herpes and its complications, particularly in infants shows that More

Background: In many countries, infections due to HSV are as endemic.The number of people who have antibodies against the virus is differentand has mainly depended on the studied groups. High prevalence of herpes and its complications, particularly in infants shows that development of strategies to prevent and detect seropositive and seronegativesmothers is very important in terms of promoting public health and reducing harm from the infection.On the other hand, infection of asymptomatic individuals who are seropositive increases the importance of epidemiological studies of herpes virus seroprevalence.Considering the importance of the role of epidemiological studies on the health policies, our research is based on the study of seroprevalance of HSV-2 in pregnant women. Methods:  Blood samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 135 pregnant women admitted to hospital Arya and 22-bahman in the year 92-93.They also completed questionnaires to assess the effects of seven factors: age, occupation, education, number of pregnancies, abortions, number of sexual partners and income levels.Serum samples were then separated and the presence of IgG to HSV-2 were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Of the 135 patients, 4 patients for HSV-2 were positive for the 2/6% population, we make up, and according to the statistical data and the statistical test, the positivity of the age, occupation, level of education, number of pregnancies, abortions, number of sexual partners was not related income. Conclusion:  In our study, 2/6% of patients were positive for HSV-2 positive All the people who were older than 30 years, homemaker and graduate education, but due to the low number of positive results in terms of no statistically significant relationship between age, occupation and education level with HSV-2 was found   Manuscript profile

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36 - Prevalence of Diabetes type 2 and relationship of it with anthropometric measures in urban population of Mashhad during 2011 -2013
Zahra Mostafavi Zahra Mostafavian

Introduction: Obesity is the most important known risk factor of diabetes type 2; the goal of this study was determine Prevalence of Diabetes type 2 and relationship of it with anthropometric measures in urban population of Mashhad between 2011 to 2013.   Materia More

Introduction: Obesity is the most important known risk factor of diabetes type 2; the goal of this study was determine Prevalence of Diabetes type 2 and relationship of it with anthropometric measures in urban population of Mashhad between 2011 to 2013.   Materials and methods: In a cross sectional study that was done upon urban population of Mashhad more than 30 years via cluster sampling, diabetes type 2 and anthropometric measures in them were assessed. Data were analyzed in SPSS V.18 by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney, chi-square and logistic regression test in significance level was lower than the 5% .  Results: The mean age of samples was 43/74±10/23, including 996 (38.2%) men and 1608 (61.8%) women. Prevalence of diabetes type 2 was 19.7% .The Odds Ratio ( OR )of diabetes was 2/41 folds in cases aged under 45 years of old compared to the ones aged 45 and older(p<0/001). OR was also 1/26 folds in men compared to women (p=0/025). The mean age, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in diabetic and non-diabetic groups was statistically different (P<0/001).   Conclusion: According to high prevalence of diabetes type 2 in our study and significant relationship with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, it is recommended to screen for type2 diabetes in individuals with increased anthropometric indexes, faster than routine.           Manuscript profile

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37 - Prevalence of infection with Fasciola parasites and Hydatic cysts in sheep, goats and cattle slaughtered in Bushehr slaughterhouses in 2014-2015
Jafar Hossienzadeh marzenaki Seyedeh Omolbanin Ghasemian

10.30495/vmj.2022.1957921.1017

Common human and animal parasitic diseases encompass a wide range of zoonotic diseases, the most important of which are liver hydatid cysts and trematodes, which are of great economic and economic importance. This study was conducted through slaughterhouse and slaughter More

Common human and animal parasitic diseases encompass a wide range of zoonotic diseases, the most important of which are liver hydatid cysts and trematodes, which are of great economic and economic importance. This study was conducted through slaughterhouse and slaughter inspection as well as post-slaughter visit data over four seasons on 58642 slaughtered animals including 15340 sheep, 6239 cattle and 37063 goats. In this study the incidence of Fasciola infection in cattle 3.1%, sheep 1.5%, goat 0.9%, prevalence of liver hydatid cyst infection in 1.2%, sheep 2%, goat 1.1% and prevalence of hydatid cyst infection in cow 3.5 %, Sheep 4.9% and goat 2.7%. This study shows that the prevalence of the above parasites is relatively high, which in addition to imposing economic losses due to livestock losses and the capture of infected carcasses or limbs, as well as reducing livestock production, indicate the existence of health hazards for the inhabitants of the area. Due to the life cycle and transmission of these parasites, they require more comprehensive and comprehensive health and control measures. Manuscript profile

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38 - Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants in Kurdistan province, Iran
siyamak kakekhani milad moradi

10.30495/vmj.2022.1953551.1014

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can cause mainly gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in Kurdistan province.The present study was applied and random For this More

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can cause mainly gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in Kurdistan province.The present study was applied and random For this purpose, a total of 239 fecal samples from 75 sheep, 43 goats and 121 cows At different ages of less than 1 year, 1 to 3 years and 3 years and older in both sexes, for staining and observation of oocysts. To examine the presence of parasites, all samples were stained by Zill Nielsen method and examined microscopically. After analyzing the collected data, the findings showed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants in Kurdistan province is 15.06% of the tested samples. Also, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Kurdistan province did not show a significant difference compared to age, sex and geographical extent..(P < 0/05)The results show that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in ruminants in Kurdistan province is consistent with other studies in this regard. To reduce this prevalence, anti-parasitic health and prevention programs can be used. Manuscript profile

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39 - Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in female Markhoz goats of Saqqez district, Kurdistan
Ghazaaleh Adhami Aram Parvizi

10.30495/vmj.2021.687378

Background & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption o More

Background & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption of its raw or half-cooked meat is a major risk factor for infection with Toxoplasma. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Markhoz goats of Saqqez City of Kurdistan province in western Iran.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we utilized 188 serum specimens ( 144 serum samples belonging to goats with a history of abortion and 44 samples belonging to goats without a history of abortion ) for the evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by ELISA. 38 samples out of 188 serum specimens in the study were positive for Toxoplasma gondii using ELISA, and the infection rate of the goats was 20.2%.Results: Two (3.57%) out of 56 Markhoz goats under 2 years of age were positive for Toxoplasma infection and 36 (27.27%) out of 132 Markhoz goats over two years of age were positive for the infection. The statistical examination indicated significant relationships between the pollution and age groups (p<0.05). 36 (25%) out of 144 Markhoz goats with a history of abortion were positive for Toxoplasma infection, and 2 (4.54%) out of 44 goats without a history of abortion were positive for the infection. The statistical studies indicated a significant correlation between the rates of infection and abortion (p<0.05).Conclusion: Given the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Markhoz goats, we suggest providing information about prevention and control, refraining from eating uncooked or undercooked meat, and performing molecular studies. Manuscript profile

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40 - Evaluate of effcacy clinical signs, physiological and environmental factors on the sero prevalence rate of blue-tongue virus in sheep ﬂocks
M. Imandar, S.A Pourbakhsh, علی Hassanpour, , F Moosakhani

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inﬂuence of clinical, physiological factors (age, sex, history ofabortion) and environmental factors (marsh or swampy environment, the climate, the distribution of mosquitoesin the environment, altitude above sea level) on t More

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inﬂuence of clinical, physiological factors (age, sex, history ofabortion) and environmental factors (marsh or swampy environment, the climate, the distribution of mosquitoesin the environment, altitude above sea level) on the Blue tongue virus seroprevalence in the sheep ﬂocks. Thisstudy was performed on 200 blood samples were randomly collected from 19 herds and 7 villages in the KHOYcity. Sera was investigated using by ELISA to determine serum levels of antibodies against the Blue tongue virusand the results were analyzed statistically. Information required in questionnaire forms were collected during thisstudy. Results showed from a total of 200 samples 74 cases had clinical symptoms such as rhinitis, stomatitisand laminitis which only 26 samples were seropositive. A total of 40 male 23 cases (57/50%) and from the 160females 111 cases (69/37%) had a positive ELISA test that there was no signifcant difference between male andfemale animals(P>0.05). There were 66 samples with abortion history of the ewes trap frequency of positiveserum samples that 49 samples were found positive with abortion which is equivalent to 14/44% was achieved.Different age groups had signifcant difference more susceptible to infection with BTV antibody (P<0.05).Morethan 80% of positive samples belonged to swamp and semi-swamp environments and other of samples related tonon-swampy areas. Among the positive serum samples more than half of the samples were with hot and humidweather. The based of distribution rate of mosquitoes in areas with many mosquitoes more than 40% of positivecases were scattered about in too. The altitude above sea level in low-lying areas close to half belongs of thepositive samples and post lowland (altitude 1,000 m). Results of this study is shown some factors such as age,history of abortion, swampy environments, heat and moisture, many distribution of mosquitoes and low-land areascan be risk factors of sero-prevalence of BTV among sheep and should be ways for control of sero-prevalence ofBTV and prevention from change to clinical form of disease. Manuscript profile

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41 - Investigate the role of environmental and physicochemical parameters affecting yersiniosis disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchous mykiss) fsh in the Haraz province
A.R Babaaliyan, , G. Azari Takami A. Abediyan Amiri, امین Khodadadi, مجتبی Keshavarz,

Yersiniosis or Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM) is an infectious bacterial disease that causes mortality and alsoeconomical loss in Salmonid aquaculture industries. In recent years, the yersiniosis has been expended in differentpart of Iran and there are reports about it More

Yersiniosis or Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM) is an infectious bacterial disease that causes mortality and alsoeconomical loss in Salmonid aquaculture industries. In recent years, the yersiniosis has been expended in differentpart of Iran and there are reports about it in most of the Rainbow trout farms in Iran. Mazandaran Province hasthe second grade of Rainbow trout production in Iran and the most production of Mazandaran is in Haraz Zone(East of Mazandaran). There for, because of the importance of Yersiniosis and also high production of Rainbowtrout in this part of Mazandaran, factors inﬂuencing on yersiniosis incidence was evaluated. Samplings were donefrom July 2011 to August 2012 and in 10 rainbow trout farms. Overall, liverand kidney of 1200 fsh with clinicalsigns (410 samples) either without clinical signs (790 samples) were Cultured in TSA agar (Merck Co. Germany).Then Microbial cultures were transformed to laboratory (Ecology of Caspian Sea Institute, Health and Aquaticanimal’s Disease branch) and Bacteria were identifed using gram staining and biochemical tests. In addition, thewater of farms was sampled for calculating Bacterial total count and also measuring some of the physicochemicalparameters (Temperature, DO, pH, Nitrate, Nitrite, NH4+ and TDS) of water. Result showed that decrease oftemperature and increase of pH had the most effects on incidence of yersiniosis . Also, it was demonstrated thatfrom 410 diseased fsh and 790 fsh without clinical signs, 20% and 10% suffered from yersiniosis respectively. Manuscript profile

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42 - Seroperivalence of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in commercial layer farms of Alborz and Qazvin provinces
پیام Haghighi Khoshkhoo, G. Akbari-Azad, J. Inanlo, , M Masomi

This survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection throughcommercial layer farms in Alborz and Qazvin provinces. A total of 2050 serum samples from 21 commercial layerﬂocks (50 samples from each farm), mostly over 40- week- More

This survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection throughcommercial layer farms in Alborz and Qazvin provinces. A total of 2050 serum samples from 21 commercial layerﬂocks (50 samples from each farm), mostly over 40- week- old were collected during winter and spring seasonsrandomly. The sera were experimented for detecting the antibody against Ms by Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA)Test using commercial M. Synoviae antigen (Soleil Co., France). Positive reactions retested by SPA on 1/8 dilutionand the ﬂocks with more than 10% of positive reactions were considered positive serologically.The results showed that in Alborz province: 10 out of 20 (50%) farms were positive and 10 out of 20 (50%) farmswere negative. Also, 170 out of 1000 (17%) serum samples were positive, 6 out of 1000 (0.6%) were suspect and824 out of 1000 (82.4%) were negative. In Qazvin province: 7 out of 21 ﬂocks (33.3%) were positive and 14 out of21 ﬂocks (66.7%) were negative. Also, 201 out of 1050 sera (19.14%) were positive, 6 sera (0.57%) were suspectand 843 sera (80.28%) were negative. Statistical analysis showed signifcant positive correlation between positiveﬂocks and strain (LSL strain serologically showed higher positive reaction rate compared to Hy-Line strain),capacity of ﬂocks and the number of houses in the farms (P<0.05).It seems that the seroprevalence of Ms in layer ﬂocks is high. However using MS live vaccine as interventionstrategy requires more detailed studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in commercial layer farms in Alborz and Qazvin provinces
پیام Haghighi Khoshkhoo, گیتا Akbari-Azad, مسعود Roohi, پدرام Sami-Yousef,

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is associated with signifcant economic losses in domestic poultry, caused suboptimalegg production in layers. This survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in commercial layer farms in Alborz a More

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is associated with signifcant economic losses in domestic poultry, caused suboptimalegg production in layers. This survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in commercial layer farms in Alborz and Qazvin provinces for primary evaluation of usage of liveMg vaccine in commercial layer ﬂocks. A total of 2050 serum samples were collected from 41 commercial layerﬂocks (50 samples from each farm) mostly over 40-week-old. Sera were tested by Serum Plate Agglutination(SPA) method using commercial Mg antigen (Noblis MG®, Intervet Co, Holland). Positive reactions retested bySPA on 1:8 dilution and the farms with more than 10% positive reactions were considered positive serologically.The result showed that in the Alborz province, only one out of 21 (4.8%) farms were positive and the rest (95.2%)were negative; also, 51 out of 1050 (4.86% ) sera were positive, 991 out of 1050 (94.38%) were negative and 8out of 1050 (0.76%) were doubtful. In Qazvin province, 3 out of 20 (15%) farms were positive and 17 out of 20(85%) were negative; also, 74 out of 1000 (7.4%) sera were positive, 46 out of 1000 (4.6%) were doubtful and880 out of 1000 (88%) were negative. As seroprevalence of Mg infection in these two provinces which are veryimportant areas in poultry production in Iran were low,so it seems that using live vaccine against Mg needs morestudies. However, molecular identifcation should be used for completing this fnding and biosecurity notices arevery important for controlling of Mg. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The prevalence of subclinical ketosis in dairy farms and its relation to periparturient disorders in city of shahrekord
مهدی Sakha SH Nejat SH Safi

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relation to periparturient disorders in dairy farm in shahr-e-kord.a total 203 multiparous holstein cows(parity 2-9) were randomly selected from 10 commercial dairy herds.since the likely More

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relation to periparturient disorders in dairy farm in shahr-e-kord.a total 203 multiparous holstein cows(parity 2-9) were randomly selected from 10 commercial dairy herds.since the likely risk time for occurrence of ketosis is during 2-5 weeks after parturition, the blood samples were taken wk 1 before calving and at wk 2 and 3 after calving.from 3 weeks before calving to 3 months after calving,peripartum diseases informations including milk fever,metritis,mastitis,clinical ketosis,displased abomasum,retained placenta,dystocia,pneumonia and lamemess were gathered in data sheet form.beta-hydroxy butyrate and glucose were measured in serum by using automated analyzer and statistical analysis was performed to investigate the prevalence of ketosis(clinical and subclinical) and related periparturient diseases.in this study,the prevalence of subclinical ketosis,using cut-off 1200mmol/lit of beta-hydroxy butyrate was 0.98 in wk 1 before,9.8 in wk 2 and 13.79 percent in wk 3 after parturition respectively.it was shown that there is a significant correlation between subclinical ketosis and left displacement of abomasum,metritis and mastitis(p<0.05), scparately so that the odds ratio of each disease was 9.74, 4.26 and 6.64 respectively.       Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - The Prevalence of Behavioral Symptoms of Psychological Disorders in Cancer Patients
Seyyed Reza Seyyed Tabayi Parvin Rahmati nejad Robabeh Sehat

Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases that affects many people annually. It is often associated with high psychological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of psychological disorders in patients with cancer. To this e More

Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases that affects many people annually. It is often associated with high psychological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of psychological disorders in patients with cancer. To this end, through a descriptive study, 109 cancer patients who had referred to chemotherapy ward of Kamkar Arabnia hospital in Qom city were selected. They were tested in terms of symptoms of psychological disorder. Results indicated that 45 percent of patients had some degree of psychological disorder symptoms. The highest prevalence rate was related to somatization and depression with prevalence rate of 54.54% and the lowest prevalence rate was related to phobia symptoms (30%). The prevalence of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder was higher in patients who were evaluated six months after chemotherapy. Given the high prevalence of symptoms of psychological disorders in cancer patients more measures should be taken to identify domain of psychological disorders and more services related to psychological health should be given to patients. Manuscript profile

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